Aug - Hill Country Master Gardeners

Of Leaf & Limb
“ Promoting education in horticulture and the environment”
President’s Message
August 2015
Volume 13, Issue 8
President’s Message
Event Schedule & Photo
EarthKind® Landscaping
Scholarships
Cicadas
Continued articles
Canning photos
July Minutes
Hill Country Veggies
Minutes continued
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4
5
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7
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10
HCMG will meet at 1:00
pm on August 5, 2015 at
the Hill Country Youth
Event Center’s Exhibit
Hall (big classroom).
Mary Irish will discuss
Texas Drought Tolerant
Plants.
My husband and I recently enjoyed a family vacation with our children and grandchildren in Jackson, Wyoming. We toured Grand Teton National
Park and Yellowstone National Park, enjoyed
whitewater rafting down the Snake River and
hiked a few mountain trails. As the family marveled at the mountains, animals, and geysers, I
found myself staring at the amazing plants found in Patty Zohlen
that area. It intrigued me to see the geysers, hot springs, and mud
pots spewing very hot, acidic water all over the place, but I was
amazed to see the patches of grasses and small blooming wildflowers living within a few feet of them. Now those are some hardy
plants!
We have our own gardening challenges in the Texas Hill Country,
like droughts and floods. Somehow we manage to keep “growing”
despite the challenges of the weather. I am pleased to report that
most of our gardens are doing well this summer. Some of our
drought-tolerant plants were not happy with all of the rain in late
spring, but many other plants look much better this year. We have
had a few more insects, but that comes with the rain. Overall, I
think it has been a great growing season.
Hill Country Master Gardeners are staying busy this summer with
community gardens and projects, classes and fall plans.
The Education Committee scheduled two continuing education
classes for Master Gardeners this summer. The first class was held
successfully on July 13th. The program on Canning prepared participants to safely preserve their fresh vegetables and fruits for later
use. The second class is scheduled on August 18th and the topic
will be making Hypertufa planters for container gardens. Contact
committee chair Deborah Hill-Russell for additional information
on the class.
Educational programs of the Texas AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to
race, color, sex, disability, religion, age, or national
origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and the County
Commissioners Courts of Texas are cooperating.
The Education Committee has also planned several fall classes for
the public on Gardening Basics. Check the website fall calendars
for more details.
Continues on Page 6
Of Leaf & Limb
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HCMG July/August 2015 Calendar of Events
(Attendance at events other than Master Gardener meetings is optional; events are listed for those wishing to
attend other educational offerings. Be sure to call and confirm event. We try to limit the listed events to those
that would earn our members CEU's but not all will be eligible. )
July 21 - Kerr County Cactus & Succulent
Society meets at 7 pm at the Butt-Holdsworth
Library (basement) in Kerrville. Visitors
welcome.
August 18 - HCMG (members only) Hypertufa Pots Workshop from 1 - 3 pm at the Kerr
County Extension Office classroom. Class is
free but there will be a $10 fee for supplies.
Class size is limited and reservations deadline
is August 12th. Email Deborah Hill-Russell
for reservations at russhill@beecreek.net.
July 28 - Fredericksburg NPSOT meets at
Memorial Presbyterian Church. Social time at
6:30 pm, program at 7 pm. Bill Carr will discuss
Native Plants After the Bastrop Wildfire.
August 18 - Kerr County Cactus & Succulent
Visitors welcome.
Society meets at 7 pm at the Butt-Holdsworth
Library (basement) in Kerrville. Visitors
August 5 - Our HCMG monthly meeting is
welcome.
at 1:00 pm at the Hill Country Youth Event
Center's large classroom. Mary Irish will
August 25 - Fredericksburg NPSOT meets at
discuss Texas Drought Tolerant Plants.
Memorial Presbyterian Church. Social time at
6:30 pm, program at 7 pm. Speaker TBA.
Visitors welcome.
Note these addresses for events listed above:
Butt-Holdsworth Memorial Library (basement), 505 Water St., Kerrville, TX
Gillespie County Historical Society Meeting Hall, 312 W. San Antonio St., Fredericksburg, TX
Hunt Methodist Church, Hwy 39, Hunt, TX
Medina Community Center, 13857 St. Hwy. 16 N, Medina, TX
Memorial Presbyterian Church, 607 N. Milam, Fredericksburg, TX
Riverside Nature Center, 150 Francisco Lemos Street, Kerrville, TX 830.257.4837, www.riversidenaturecenter.org
Hill Country Master Gardeners, Kerr County AgriLife Extension Office, 3775 Highway 27, Kerrville, TX 830.257-6568
Carnivorous Hummers at The Summit!
Yes, the photo is somewhat blurred, but look
closely. This little hummer with his beak open
hunts a flying insect in mid-flight. Serious
bird-watchers tell me that they bring protein-rich
insects to their young.
Photo by Vickie Killeen
Of Leaf & Limb
EARTH-KIND® LANDSCAPING
Sustainable Gardening Practices
Sustainable: pertaining to a system that
maintains its own viability.
Growing Gardeners
by Caryl Hartman
I think we might all agree that EarthKind® gardening
practices and sustainability go hand-in-hand. And
what could be a more sustainable gardening practice
then making sure the sweet retreats of the world's
gardens are provided for with fresh ideas, fresh
conviction, and fresh hands in the soil?
Children are naturals at gardening. They love to smell
the flowers, eat the fruits, observe insects, play in the
dirt, water, and mud. Gardening has many benefits
for children. It can teach them about new life and
about dying. It can teach them patience and perseverance. It can teach them to value the beauty that nature sprinkles into our lives.
And while children are engaged in learning the basics
of preparing the soil, in sowing, in planting, and in
weeding, gardening is giving
back to children by teaching
them basic life skills that
will sustain them for as long
as they live.
Gardening will teach them,
not we will teach them,
because if we do our job
correctly the young gardener will learn by doing not
by being lectured.
So many of us have grandchildren, nieces, nephews,
even young, curious neighbors and, of course, those
are our first recruits. These are the future gardeners
who will be attracted to gardening because we are.
How many times have we heard Master Gardeners
say their first experiences in the garden was with a
family member? But we can also spread the word
and enthusiasm by working with Junior Master Gardeners or in our own Demonstration Garden - which
was redesigned specifically with the hope of offering
Page 3
a place for local schools to visit, learn about horticulture, and get involved in hands-on activities.
Getting children out in the garden gives them firsthand knowledge of weather, nutrition, and entomology . When practiced in a group it helps with social
skills - and is just plain fun.
But the best outcome is environmental stewardship.
Each time children learn about something in the garden it becomes a part of who they are, a part of their
history, an investment. Once this happens the world
becomes more personal and it's not so easy to abuse
what nature offers.
In his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our
Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder, Richard
Louv offers another positive outcome with this quote:
“Man’s heart, away from nature, becomes hard; [the
Lakota] knew that lack of respect for growing, living
things soon led to lack of respect for humans too. —
LUTHER STANDING BEAR (C. 1868–1939)”
Volunteering with Junior Master Gardeners in the Houston
area, Patty Zohlen has seen
children work through issues
that seemingly have nothing to
do with gardening, but the
time a 13-year-old spends
away from an insurmountable
problem, in a natural setting,
gives them the opportunity to
relax and reflect.
As Master Gardeners we are in
a unique position to affect not only these children but
future generations. Empathy for the earth and all of
its life can start in a garden. It can start with us teaching our children - and our children's children.
So how do we grow gardeners? With love and
patience and an eye to the future.
If you would like to get involved with Hill
Country Master Gardeners Junior Master
Gardener program please contact
Dusty Gilliam or Patty Zolen.
Of Leaf & Limb
Page 4
HCMG Scholarship Recipients for 2015-16 Semester
After graduation, Ashley is exploring a job opportunity at an organic farm near La Grange. What she
Calderon has been awarded a would really like to do is work with developing
$1000 scholarship for her
countries to help them with sustainable agriculture.
fall 2015 semester at Texas She will apply for a position with Agricorp, and if
A&M University. Having
accepted, will go to Africa for a year. Thinking furgrown up in Cleveland,
ther ahead, Ashley would like to return to school and
Texas, Ashley transferred to earn a master’s degree in plant breeding. She would
Texas A&M in 2011 from
like to apply this knowledge toward fruit tree proAngelina College. Ashley is duction and operate an orchard.
majoring in Horticulture, and
Ashley’s supervisor at Howdy Farm stated the folis scheduled to graduate in
lowing about her: “When Ashley started her internDecember, 2015.
ship, I immediately recognized her as a passionate,
Ashley has worked to finance her college education: hard-working and dedicated horticulturist. Ashley
Kohl’s, Hobby Lobby, and assembling personal
quickly became a leader around the farm, and I was
computers at Reynolds and Reynolds. She has inalways confident leaving her with tasks because I
terned at the Texas A&M Howdy Farm, a studentknew they would be done correctly and efficiently.”
run, sustainable organic farm and farmers’ market
A plant breeding professor says this: “She is a hardlocated on the West Campus of Texas A&M. Her
working student who is conscientious about her
project was to introduce more fruit into the farm
school work but also is involved in other activities. I
since it was mostly planted in vegetable crops. She think Ashley has great potential to be successful and
planted peach, plum, persimmon, pomegranate, and a leader in her field.”
pear trees, plus blueberry plants.
ASHLEY MARIE CALDERON
3.
MIRANDA COCHRAN
Cochran is a senior at Texas
Tech University in Lubbock.
Originally from Riviera, she
began her college career at
Coastal Bend College in
Beeville before transferring
to Texas Tech. She is
majoring in Landscape
Architecture and minoring
in Horticulture.
Miranda attributes her love of plants to being the
daughter of an Ag teacher. Because of this background, she was involved in every FFA program
offered. When she was in the eighth grade, she
joined an FFA Career Development program called
Nursery/Landscape. She continued this for five
years, advancing to statewide competition, and
placing in the Top 104.on two occasions.
At Texas Tech, Miranda is active in the college community, and exhibits leadership. She mentors freshman students in the College of Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources as well as serving as Secretary, Historian, and Public Relations Officer of the
Student American Society of Landscape Architects.
She designs landscapes for a horticultural designer in
the Lubbock area and also in her home town of Riviera. To support herself, she works with Seeking Sitters, a childcare company. She is also involved at St.
Elizabeth’s Catholic Church.
After graduation from Texas Tech, Miranda plans to
work for a landscape architecture firm, and after two
years, take her licensing exam. Then she will continue to work for landscape architecture firms, and
after gaining experience, she hopes to eventually
have her own design-build landscape architecture
firm and “design beautiful landscapes.”
Of Leaf & Limb
Page 5
Cicadas & Cicada Killers
Barb Banks
This time of year you may see some Texas-sized wasp look-a-likes flying around
— the “Cicada Killer.” They fly low over yards and appear to dive bomb when
they’re after their prey — the cicada. While they are about 1 to 1&1/2” here in
Texas, cicadas can be as big as 3+ inches in other parts of the world such as
Australia or Africa. Female cicada killers are also about 1 1/2” long. Males are a
bit smaller. After stinging and paralyzing a cicada, the cicada killer takes it back
to the nest to feed its young.
The Western Cicada Killer Wasp is amber-yellow with yellow rings
on its abdomen. The female cicada killer makes her nest in the
ground in well-drained, bare sandy soil, often under sidewalks.
The nest (actually a tunnel) is easy to detect due to the U-shaped
dugout entrance. After laying one egg per cell in her nest (similar
to other wasp behavior) the female cicada killer provides 3 or 4
paralyzed cicadas for her larvae to feed on when they hatch.
Males emerge earlier than females and compete for territories
close to the nest in hopes of mating. After “dueling it out” usually
the larger male and/or the younger/stronger cicada killer wins.
The timing of the female cicada killers emerging from the nest
usually corresponds to the emergence of the cicadas in a
particular area. Female cicada killers carry cicadas that can be
more than 75% heavier than they weigh. Also the cicada killers
have the ability to capture cicadas in mid-flight! Cicada killers hunt
for cicadas during the day when they are more prevalent. Male
cicada killers are more aggressive although they are smaller than
the females. Yes, they sting, but prefer to save their venom for
cicada prey.
Live Cicada
Cicada Killer Wasp
Cicada after attack
by Cicada
Killer Wasp
The name “cicada” is derived from Latin and means “tree cricket.” In 2004 the word “cicada” ranked
sixth in Merriam-Webster’s Words of the Year. Cicadas are unrelated to locusts; they are related to
leafhoppers and spittlebugs. The male cicadas do the “singing” and each species produces its own
distinctive mating songs among other tunes for alarm. Unlike crickets (which rub their legs together)
cicadas produce sound by vibrating on the sides of their abdomen. The sound is among the loudest of
all insect-produced sounds and is reported to be loud enough to cause permanent hearing damage to
the human ear should a cicada sing in your ear! It is difficult to detect where a cicada “song” is
coming from if you want to eat it (such as a cicada killer wasp). The reason is that the cicada softens
the volume when alarmed by an approaching enemy, thereby creating a confusing effect (because
other cicadas now sound louder) - kind of a ventriloquist trick! (To us humans the sound is pretty
constant!)
Cicadas live most of their lives underground at depths from about one foot to several feet! They have
strong front legs in order to dig an exit tunnel and emerge as adults. At the final nymph stage the
Continues on Page 6
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Page 6
President’s letter continues from Page 1.
The Demonstration Garden looks great, thanks to Barbara Elmore and the Demonstration
Garden Teams. The redesigned beds in front of the Extension Office are an example of the
success of this committee. Jackie Skinner and Wil Rolfe are two team members who have
dedicated many hours to that improvement.
The HCMG Propagation Committee, led by David and Dorothy Buchen, is really growing this summer. They are growing plants for sale at our Fall Market Days booth and other venues. They have so
many plants that they have outgrown their greenhouse and spilled over into the HCMG Shade House.
We look forward to seeing the results of all this successful propagation in the near future.
At the July 1st meeting of HCMG, Carl Luckenbach, Scholarship Committee Chair, announced the
recipients of the 2015 HCMG College Scholarships. Their bios are on Page 4. We are happy to help
them as they pursue their education. [Check out the Scholarship link on the HCMG website
www.hillcountrymastergardeners.org to learn more about these scholarship recipients.]
There are many activities planned for the fall months, such as the community exhibit booths, rain barrel
workshop, our first HCMG Fall Open Garden Day, and the community garden projects, so check the
VMS calendar and the weekly HCMG E-Minder for updates. These will be fun events with other Master Gardener volunteers and a great way to earn the required volunteer hours to maintain your Master
Gardener Certification. Some activities are limited in the number of volunteers needed, so plan to sign
up as a volunteer as soon as they are posted on VMS.
We will soon need a nominating committee to select candidates for the 2016 officers. Please consider
helping on this committee and also serving as an officer in 2016. It is a rewarding experience. I hope
to see all of you at the August 5th meeting where we will hear Mary Irish speak on Texas Drought
Tolerant Plants. Until then, enjoy your summer.
Patty Zohlen
Cicadas continue from page 5.
cicada molts or sheds its skin on a nearby plant which stays clinging there. In our part of
the country cicadas live anywhere from two to five years. The very long life cycle of some
species in other parts of North America may be either 13 or 17 years. Some experts
believe that these extra long life cycles have evolved in response to predators such as the cicada
killer wasps and also the praying mantis. However the biggest enemy of cicadas is a fungal disease!
As nymphs, cicadas feed on sap from xylem of various trees such as oak, cypress, willow, ash and
maple. Although you may have heard that adult cicadas do not eat — they really do. They insert
their long proboscises into plant stems in order to feed on sap. They can sting (and it would smart);
however, it would probably be because they mistook you for a twig.
Many thanks to my new neighbors, Jerry and Linda Christensen, for providing me with this month’s
topic! While building a fence at his new house Jerry spotted the drama of a cicada being attacked by
the cicada killer wasp. Linda took two pictures which she emailed to me!
Of Leaf & Limb
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Yes, We Can!
HCMGs mastered canning skills recently under the guidance of Debbie HillRussell, Dorothy Buchen and David Buchen who know their way around the Extension Office kitchen. Students included Gayle Anderson, Debra Bass, Jackie Connelly, Caryl Hartman, Debra Mallory, and Janice Walker. During the morning session, the class prepared green beans. The afternoon
was devoted to plums. Students brought home some of each.
 Instructor Dorothy Buchen has
students Caryl Hartman and Gayle
Anderson cut fresh green beans as
the first step.
“Watching water boil” is how
students Debra Mallory, Janice
Walker and Debra Bass describe
the pressure cooker process.
Instructor David Buchen
answers their canning questions.
David “lets off steam”! After
removing the beans from the
pressure cooker, the jars cool.
Students listen for the popping
sound telling them that the jars
are properly sealed.
David Buchen guides Janice Walker and Debra Bass (partially hidden)
in capping the jars before immersing them in the pressure cooker bath. Jackie
Connelly observes in the background.
Properly prepared beans are
on the left and fresh beans awaiting their canning process are on
the right. The “canned” beans
have an extensive shelf life.
Photos by Vickie Killeen
Of Leaf & Limb
Hill Country Master Gardeners
Monthly Program and Business Meeting
July 1, 2015 1:00 PM
The monthly business meeting was held at the Hill
Country Youth Event Center Classroom on
Wednesday, July 1, 2015. Pam Umstead, HCMG
vice-president, called the meeting to order and led
the members in the invocation.
Page 8
fence behind the current greenhouse be moved in
order to make room in that area for the new one.
Junior Master Gardener Activity: Dusty Gilliam
asked for volunteers for a project for children ages
6-17 at the Hill Country Youth Ranch during the
last week of July. Contact Dusty if you would like
to participate.
This month’s program was a presentation by Cathy New Business
Downs on Monarch Butterflies.
Scholarship Committee: There will be two scholarships awarded this fall. Miranda Cochran, a senior
at Texas Tech is a new awardee. Ashley Marie
BUSINESS MEETING
Thirty-six members were present. The June 2015 Calderon, a senior at Texas A&M, and a former
recipient, continues to be eligible. These scholarminutes were approved as written.
ships were announced in The Kerrville Daily
Financial Reports: Jackie Connelly presented
Times on July 1, 2015.
the June Treasurer’s report. The General Fund
balance is $24,223.16 and the Scholarship Fund
Announcements
balance is $56,137.39.
Kudos to Carol Brinkman and Debra Rosario
for their work on successfully navigating the
treacherous waters of technology to assure the conMembership Committee: Liz Althaus handed out tinued existence of the HCMG website. After bebackground screening cards to members who have ing notified that as of June 24, 2015, the HCMG
recently been recertified.
website would no longer be supported by the previous provider, Carol and Debra spent many hours
Website Update: Debra Rosario announced that
with several GoDaddy technicians deciphering all
she will be taking over the website duties from
the facets of the proposed support programs. HapCarol Brinkman.
pily, they did it and our wonderful website is back
in working order. Thank you for your perseverance
Information Exhibit Booths: Pam Umstead explained the new procedures for getting the HCMG and skill. We really appreciate you!
exhibit booth to local events. Events that we have A thank-you letter was received from Judy Johnbeen invited to attend will be announced by email son of the Kroc Center for our help with their garor e-minder. One or two people will take responsi- den project. A thank-you letter was received from
bility for coordinating a single event. When coor- Debbie Bacon for the card from HCMG.
dinators come forward, the event will be posted to
VMS for additional volunteers.
Rain Barrel Workshop: September 12, 2015. Sign
up on VMS to volunteer.
Education Committee: Deborah Hill-Russell
reminded us about member classes being offered
HCMG Fall Open Garden Day: October 17, 2015.
this summer. See details under Continuing
Sign up on VMS to volunteer.
Education Opportunities
Do not place the chain across the opening to the
New Greenhouse Project: Pam Umstead provided Demonstration Garden.
an update from agent Roy Walston. He will meet
Continues on Page 10
with the county commissioners to ask that the
Old Business Open Issues
Of Leaf & Limb
HILL COUNTRY VEGGIES
July/August 2015
By Allen Mace
Page 9
deck that catches sun in the early part of the day
and will be sheltered from the hot afternoon sun.
This will also not take up space
in my garden.
Several years ago I planted a
We’ve had a good spring and few patio tomatoes in the garearly summer. My garden has den. They produced a nice
crop. The next year I had a volbeen somewhat productive, but
unteer tomato germinate where
lots of rain and a lack of time to spend in the
those patios had been the year
garden and it’s become a mess. Tall grass and
Patio tomatoes
before. I knew that hybrids
weeds can get out of hand quickly if you don’t
don’t produce the same, but restay on top of things.
vert back to one of its parent plants. I let this
As summer gets hotter, it is time to think about
volunteer grow, and it produced one of the largcleaning up the beds and plan- est crop and best cherry tomato plants that I have
ning for the fall garden. I
ever had. They weren’t the biggest I’ve seen,
think the hay bale experiment but they were sweet. I don’t know if I can recrehas played out. The bales are ate that again, but it is my goal to collect seeds
starting to fall apart. All in all from these patio tomatoes and give it a try.
Hay bales
the bales did OK, but I am going to throw them on the com- This being midsummer I have plenty of time to
post pile and reclaim the beds get my garden ready for the fall. I have mentioned before that I think fall gardens tend to be
they were occupying. The
bales work fine as a temporary more productive than spring gardens. In the fall I
garden, but I think for a long like to plant vegetables such as collards, kale,
cabbage or broccoli. Swiss chard, cauliflower
term effort it’s still better to
and Brussels sprouts also work well in a fall garwork in a raised bed. That way you are always
den. All of these can carry through the winter.
building up your soil and not starting from
I’ve had ice form on collards and kale without
scratch every year.
any damage. Mustard greens, leaf lettuce and
I generally don’t do much during the middle of
spinach will all carry through
summer because it can become very hot and dry the winter.
Garden mess
very quickly. If, however, you just have to grow
something, you can plant things like green beans, For now, I have a big job
ahead of me. I have been
carrots and radishes. If you like, replant some
summer squash or tomatoes. You might even be neglectful this season, and my
garden is totally out of control.
able to plant a crop of corn. Just keep in mind
the higher temperatures, and keep the root zone It is going to take a lot of work
moist, not soggy. This sometimes means water- to get it back under control,
ing more than once a day. If you are using con- and get it ready by the end of
August or first part of Septemtainers, remember, they tend to dry out faster.
ber in order to get the fall and
I bought a couple of patio tomatoes the other day. winter crops in.
They do well in containers. I have a spot on my
Of Leaf & Limb
Hill Country Master
Gardeners 2014
Executive
Committee
Patty Zohlen
President
Pam Umstead
Vice President
Dee Dunton
Secretary
Jackie Connelly
Treasurer
Pat McCormick
Ex-officio Advisor
Roy Walston
C.E.A. Advisor
Committees &
Project
Coordinators are
listed on our
website
Newsletter & Website
Newsletter Editor
Eleanor Baldwin
Assistant Editor - Betty West
Columnists - Anne Graves,
Diane Sellers, Allen Mace,
Caryl Hartman, Barbara
Elmore & Barbara Banks
Photographers - Vickie
Killeen & Barbara Hunter
Webmaster
Debra Rosario
Web Assistant
Carol Brinkman
Submissions to
baldwin.eleanor@gmail.com
Page 10
Minutes continued from Page 8
Learn, Grow, Eat & Go – Free
training on this new JMG curriculum
on July 16th in Conroe, TX. These
Food Preservation/Canning Class for full-day trainings will include handsHCMG members only. July 13, 2015, on activities from the curriculum,
10:00 AM, Kerr County AgriLife Ex- team planning time, a working lunch
and participants attending the training
tension.
will receive the newly printed LGEG
curriculum. Register at
Hypertufa Container Class for
http://www.cvent.com/d/7rq2jt
HCMG members only. August 18,
2015, 1-3 PM, Kerr County AgriLife
Extension Office. For additional in- Junior Master Gardener Summer
Adult Training Class 9, July 28-30,
formation on these classes, contact
2015. Contact Bexar County Master
Deborah Hill-Russell.
Gardeners for information.
Specialist Trainings: More inforLandscape Design Course III, Semation is available in the TMGA
ries, XXIV, September 21-22, 2015
Newsletter this month. Irrigation
Efficiency, June 22-24, 2015, Harris in College Station. For information
go to
County Extension Office.
https//aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/southerngarden/
Composter Specialist, June 17-19,
2015, Bexar County. Texas Superstar Plant Specialist, September 16- Check the Calendar of Events in the
18, 2015, San Antonio. Entomology HCMG monthly newsletter for addiSpecialist, September 28-October 2, tional opportunities.
2015, Conroe.
Door prizes were won by Jim
Latham and Theresa Hardin.
American Horticultural Society –
Continuing Education
Opportunities
National Children and Youth
Garden Symposium, July 9-11 in
Austin. For information: http://
www.ahs.org/gardening-programs/
youth-gardening/ncygs/2015registration-rates
Hours Earned: 1.25 hours CEU and
0.5 hours Volunteer Service
Adjournment: 2:45 PM
Respectfully Submitted,
Dee Dunton, Secretary