Stichopus horrens - Jabatan Taman Laut Malaysia

Seminar Kebangsaan Status Biodiversiti Marin di
Kepulauan dan Persisiran Pantai Malaysia 2012
26-28 November 2012, Avillion Admiral Cove, Port Dickson
The Success of Marine Protected Area in Conservation of
Marine Biodiversity:
Case Study of Sea Cucumbers in Northern Straits of Malacca
Woo Sau Pinn, Siti Hasmah I, Yaman IC, Muhammad Shukri MY, Nithiyaa N,
Norhanis MR, Siti Balkhis AB, Teh CP, Zulfikar, M Khalil, Mahadi M,
Zulfigar Y and Aileen Tan SH
Introduction:
Marine Protected Area in Malaysia
The objectives of Marine Park:
a)
Conservation and Protection of coral reefs
to sustain fisheries resources
b) Protection of natural habitats for
endangered species
c)
establish specific management zones for
conservation of marine life
d) establish zones for recreational use within carrying
capacity
Introduction:
Marine Protected Area in Malaysia
Introduction:
Importance of Sea Cucumber
“... In the East Malaysia, sea cucumber fishery is
larger mainly for export and livelihood in form of
food and trade for the local indigenous people...”
(Choo, 2004)
Introduction:
Importance of Sea Cucumber
“...In the Peninsular Malaysia, sea cucumber fishery is very
small scale and concentrated in the Straits of Malacca for
traditional medicinal products such as ‘minyak gamat’...”
(Baine and Forbes, 1998; Choo, 2004)
Introduction:
Past Study on Diversity of Sea Cucumber
Woo et al. (2009)
George & George (1987)
Zainuddin & Forbes (2000)
Sim et al.(2008)
Zainuddin & Forbes (2001)
Massin et al. (2000)
Sim et al.(2008)
Zulfigar & Tan (1999)
Woo et al. (2010)
Introduction:
Past Study on Diversity of Sea Cucumber
Woo et al. (2009)
George & George (1987)
Zainuddin & Forbes (2000)
Sim et al.(2008)
Zainuddin & Forbes (2001)
Massin et al. (2000)
Sim et al.(2008)
Zulfigar & Tan (1999)
Woo et al. (2010)
Introduction:
Past Study on Diversity of Sea Cucumber
Woo et al. (2009)
George & George (1987)
Zainuddin & Forbes (2000)
Sim et al.(2008)
Zainuddin & Forbes (2001)
Massin et al. (2000)
Zulfigar & Tan (1999)
Woo et al. (2010)
Methodology:
Sampling Site
Sampling location
Methodology:
Sample Collection and Identification
Sample collection
Collect &
Stored in
Plastic Bags
SCUBA
Relaxing & Preservation
of samples
Identification of
samples
Recording and
Location
Description
Methodology:
Sample Collection and Identification
Results and Discussion:
The Diversity of Sea Cucumber
Commercial
Value
Processed for
Medicinal Product
Pulau Segantang
Pulau Kacha
Pulau Payar
Tukun Terendak
Species
Pulau Songsong
Locations
Family Holothuriidae
Bohadscia marmorata
/
Holothuria atra
/
Holothuria leucospilota
4
/
4
/
4
Family Stichopodidae
Stichopus chloronotus
/
Stichopus hermanni
/
Stichopus horrens
/
Stichopus vastus
/
Stichopus sp.
/
3
/
/
/
2
/
2
5
Family Synaptidae
Synaptula lamperti
Total Number of Species Per Location
/
/
/
2
1
7
/
2
2
5
Results and Discussion:
Family Stichopodidae
Stichopus chloronotus
Stichopus horrens
Stichopus vastus
Stichopus hermanni
Results and Discussion:
Family Holothuriidae
Holothuria atra
Holothuria leucospilota
Bohadscia marmorata
Results and Discussion:
Family Synaptidae
Synaptula lamperti
Results and Discussion:
The Diversity of Sea Cucumber
Commercial
Value
Processed for
Medicinal Product
Pulau Segantang
Pulau Kacha
Pulau Payar
Tukun Terendak
Species
Pulau Songsong
Locations
Family Holothuriidae
Bohadscia marmorata
/
Holothuria atra
/
Holothuria leucospilota
4
/
4
/
4
Family Stichopodidae
Stichopus chloronotus
/
Stichopus hermanni
/
Stichopus horrens
/
Stichopus vastus
/
Stichopus sp.
/
3
/
/
Total Number of Species Per Location
2
/
Marine Park
2
5
NonMarine Park
Family Synaptidae
Synaptula lamperti
/
/
/
/
2
1
7
/
2
2
5
Results and Discussion:
The Diversity of Sea Cucumber
8
7
No of Species
6
5
4
Non- MPA
3
MPA
2
1
0
Pulau
Songsong
Tukun
Terendak
Pulau Payar
Location
Pulau Kaca
Pulau
Segantang
Results and Discussion:
The Diversity of Sea Cucumber
Commercial
Value
Processed for
Medicinal Product
Pulau Segantang
Pulau Kacha
Pulau Payar
Tukun Terendak
Species
Pulau Songsong
No of Ind. Per 100m2
Family Holothuriidae
Bohadscia marmorata
1
Holothuria atra
1
Holothuria leucospilota
4
1
4
12
4
Family Stichopodidae
Stichopus chloronotus
1
Stichopus hermanni
1
Stichopus horrens
Stichopus vastus
Stichopus sp.
1
3
1
/
2
3
/
2
1
/
5
1
5
Family Synaptidae
Synaptula lamperti
Total Number of Species Per Location
1
75
2
2
1
7
2
2
2
5
Marine Park
Non- Marine Park
Results and Discussion:
Sea Cucumber Fishing Pressure in Straits of Malacca
“…The fishery in Langkawi Island dates back to the mid 1900s
but markedly disappeared in the early 1940s when the target
species Stichopus hermanni and Stichopus horrens are fished
to depletion….”
(Forbes and Ilias, 1999; Choo, 2004)
Results and Discussion:
Sea Cucumber Fishing Pressure in Straits of Malacca
“…Supply of sea cucumber (gamat) were imported from Adang,
Thailand and possibly Pulau Pangkor to sustain demand in
traditional medicinal product industry….”
(Forbes and Ilias, 1999)
Results and Discussion:
Commercial Values of Sea Cucumber Observed
Commercial
Value
Processed for
Medicinal Product
Pulau Segantang
Pulau Kacha
Pulau Payar
Tukun Terendak
Species
Pulau Songsong
Locations
Family Holothuriidae
Bohadscia marmorata
/
Holothuria atra
/
Holothuria leucospilota
4
/
4
/
4
Family Stichopodidae
Stichopus chloronotus
/
Stichopus hermanni
/
Stichopus horrens
/
Stichopus vastus
/
Stichopus sp.
/
3
/
/
2
/
2
5
/
5
Family Synaptidae
Synaptula lamperti
Total Number of Species Per Location
/
/
/
2
1
7
/
2
2
5
Results and Discussion:
Commercial Values of Sea Cucumber Observed
Commercial
Value
Processed for
Medicinal Product
Pulau Segantang
Pulau Kacha
Pulau Payar
Tukun Terendak
Species
Pulau Songsong
Locations
Family Holothuriidae
Bohadscia marmorata
/
Holothuria atra
/
Holothuria leucospilota
4
/
4
/
4
Family Stichopodidae
Stichopus chloronotus
/
Stichopus hermanni
/
Stichopus horrens
/
Stichopus vastus
/
Stichopus sp.
/
3
/
/
2
/
2
5
/
5
Family Synaptidae
Synaptula lamperti
Total Number of Species Per Location
/
/
/
2
1
7
/
2
2
5
Results and Discussion:
Sea Cucumber Fishing Pressure in Straits of Malacca
“…Pulau Song-song and Tukun Terendak were found to only harbour
Synaptula lamperti which has no apparent commercial value and
Holothuria leucospilota which has low commercial value...”
Results and Discussion:
Sea Cucumber Fishing Pressure in Straits of Malacca
“…. During this survey, local fishermen were observed
collecting large amount of sea cucumber from the species
Holothuria leucospilota...”
Results and Discussion:
Sea Cucumber Fishing Pressure in Straits of Malacca
“…. patterns of serial exploitation over space, about three quarters showed
patterns of
serial exploitation
of
decreasing value
of the
species fished and about one-third showed a serial exploitation of decreasing
individual size...”
(Anderson, 2011)
Stichopus sp.
found in Pulau Songsong
Recommendation:
Future Studies and Suggestions
More studies on the diversity and abundance of sea
cucumber needed to be done in view of the increasing
fishing pressure and depletion of stocks.
Acknowledgements
We would like express our gratitude to:
Ministry of Science, Technology
and Innovation
Ministry of Natural Resource
and Environment
Universiti Teknologi Mara
Kampus Perlis
Jabatan Taman Laut
Marine Science Laboratory
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Thank You
Abe Woo
abe_woo@hotmail.com