June 2014 Newsletter - Boer Goat Breeders Association of Australia

BOER GOAT BREEDERS ASSOCIATION OF
AUSTRALIA NEWSLETTER
JUNE 2014
A Message from the Chairperson!
Inside this Issue
Hello Members,
Chairperson’s Message
P1-2
Newsletter Contacts P2
National Show photo
gallery
P2-5
Boer Goat farming in
Otago, NZ
P6-9
A Visit to UAE
P10-11
Artificial Breeding
Terminology
P12
Embryo Transfer
P13-14
Artificial Insemination
P15-22
Website and
Newsletter Advertising
P22
Around the Show
Circuit
P23-24
Tocal Field Day
P25
Vic Branch EOI for
Australasian Show
P26-27
Classifieds
P29
Well the mild start to Winter has certainly disappeared!
Hopefully most members will have enjoyed an autumn
flush of feed to cut down some of the costs of feeding at
this time of the year.
This issue will include alternatives to a natural breeding program using
artificial insemination and embryo transplants. Both these techniques have
been used at some point by larger breeders to expand their genetic pool.
Artificial insemination also provides an option for breeders not wanting to
purchase a new buck or who are unable to afford the cost of a high quality
animal. Many of the larger breeders have semen on hand from their best
animals for sale and as a backup in case they lose the buck. Although the
success rate may not be as high as a natural mating, the articles will give
insight into how these programs are done. A number of breeders have
undertaken courses in AI so they can do their own insemination and State
Branches may consider running workshops if there is sufficient interest.
You will have received my latest report by now, as well as preliminary
notice advising that the upcoming AGM will be held in Melbourne on the
20th September 2014 at the Airport Hotel and Convention Centre,
Melbourne. The Board encourages all members to attend the AGM and
participate in the forum to be held afterwards. This is the opportunity to
discuss any matters you wish to raise about the Association. Attached to
this email was also a nomination form for position as Director on the Board.
This form must be received by ABRI by 5.00PM Friday 1st August, 2014.
There will be four vacancies on the Board and we encourage you to give
serious consideration to joining and making a positive contribution to the
future direction of the industry.
Vicki Mitchell,
Chairperson.
Ever Cooked What’s in
your Paddock?
P30
Goat Nutrition
P31
Additional Snippets
P32
Page 1
KIDS!!! You
can’t help
but love
them all….
June 2014
Please contact any of the following Portfolio representatives with photos, articles, events to be
published in the Newsletters. Your input is appreciated!
NEWSLETTER CONTACTS
DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS
AND EDUCATION
JUDITH D’ALOISIO
PH: (03) 5797 3232
Mob: 0437 800 308
Email: judithdaloisio@yahoo.com
VIC/TAS PORTFOLIO
REPRESENTATIVE
NERIDA TULL
PH: (03) 5794 1507
Mob: 0427 941 507
Email: parraboers@bigpond.com
NSW REPRESENTATIVE
TRACEY WOODS
PH: (02) 6859 2956
Email: tracey@pacificaboergoatstud.com.au
QLD REPRESENTATIVE
REBECCA BROOKS
PH: (07) 5427 0623
Email: bec@barookaboergoats.com.au
SA REPRESENTATIVE
MELISSA JOHNSON
Email: emjay58au@yahoo.com.au
Editors Note: Any text to web sites which is blue and underlined is a hyperlink. When clicked within
this PDF file it will automatically go to that website.
National Show Sydney 2014….
Some “behind the scenes” photos, courtesy Peter Mitchell, to show that behind the glam of the
show ring it is just hard work (plus a bit of fun!!)
Who belongs to these
lovely legs ???
Multicoloured wellies
add a “haute couture”
touch!
Page 2
June 2014
Who really needs
the clippers
Young Thomas?
The secret of
success…MASSAGE!!
How many
people
does it
take to
trim a
goat???
Showing
is a very
studious
activity!
Page 3
Left &
Right
June 2014
Not all goats like to be
washed
Vacuum cleaners do more than
just clean houses!
The
fine
detail…
At the end of a long
day….
Page 4
June 2014
WINNERS ARE GRINNERS!!!!!
Page 5
June 2014
Boer Goat Farming in Central Otago
South Island New Zealand
To Australians, New Zealand is known to us as the land of long white cloud which is predominately
sheep and dairy country with guaranteed high rainfall and fertile soils. The relentless growth of the
dairy industry is now encroaching into the noted sheep country in the South Island. The South Island
is a land of contrast, the East coast being lush and green all year round with predictable high rainfall,
whilst the west coast is predominately rugged rainforest wilderness known for its tourist attractions.
The Central Otago is a semi arid district which divides the East and West coasts in the lower half of
the South island. Sitting at high altitude the district is a vast food bowl known for its Viticulture,
Horticulture (mainly stone fruits), super fine Merino wool and goats produced on the valley river
flats and mountain ridges which dominate the landscape.
Whilst Boer goats are farmed along conventional practices on pasture country, the bulk of the goats
are run on large blocks of the country that abounds the ridges and valleys that run through Central
Otago. The goats have access to and browse a range of herbages and shrubs that dominate the
vegetation of the hill side ridges and gutters. Even the Boer Goats that have been imported from
Australia have a natural preference to browse once they have acclimatised.
There is wide variety of herbage and briar that the goats will browse on at different times of the
year. The winters can be quite harsh and cold, whilst the summers long and dry. The goats natural
instincts have them seeking shelter in caves, rocky out crops and densely vegetated gully’s, during
the severe frost periods and snow storms. Introduced Thyme and Wilding Pine are major source of
protein for the goats during winter.
The does build up their body condition after weaning kids in autumn prior to the onset of winter.
Where the introduced Briar rose dominates it is the main food source from October to May which is
high in protein and boosts milk production. In May and June the Briar Hip ripens and all the Poplar
and Willow drop their leaves and then becomes the main source of fodder. Young kids get addicted
to Briar rose at a very young age. Other introduced weeds such as Vipers Blue Gloss (related to
Paterson’s Curse), Mullen, Californian Poppy, Hawthorn bush, Broom and Heiracium (Daisy Family)
are also a major source of fodder for goats as well the native thorn bush and Matagouri. The tannins
derived from these herbages are a natural barrier for worm control and so there is minimal impact
from worm burden as the goats predominately browse and run on large acreages. This is totally the
opposite for goats being run on improved pastures in high rain fall districts in New Zealand.
The kidding season is planned and managed around November/December so as to minimise the
impact of bad weather and to ensure that there is sufficient protein to grow the kids out. Kids are
hidden in rock caves, rocky outcrops and thick vegetation to protect the young kids, replicating the
success of the rangeland goats in Australia and the Boer goats in many places in South Africa. In both
New Zealand and Southern Africa the herbage and shrubs are very palatable and high in protein and
minerals allowing the goats to grow out well and put on condition. Australian rangeland goats have
adapted very well to its local conditions and have become very sufficient in surviving on a low
protein feed source, however it has been forced to evolve into a smaller slower growing lighter
framed bodied goat.
Weaning rates from these free ranging goats are usually in the 150-200% range far outstripping the
weaning rates on most commercial farms in Australia. The ability to hide their young and the
absence of predators such as foxes and eagles is a huge advantage. Luckily, the early settlers resisted
the temptation to introduce foxes for sporting entertainment.
Foot scold and foot trimming requirements are non-existent whilst the goats graze on the rocky dry
hill sides and river valleys.
Page 6
June 2014
Feral goats have been in Central Otago since early settlement with their numbers expanding due to
the ideal environment for goats. The control of wild bucks is an issue for the farmers exposed to
parcels of government or unfarmed land.
An export meat trade has developed for the harvested wild goat’s similar to Australian rangeland
goats. The returns achieved for this goat meat is similar to the low commodity price achieved in
Australia for export goat meat. In Australia the big export works have a tendency to dump product
onto the domestic market at prices well below the farmed goat wholesale price, thus making it
difficult to sustain viable returns back to the farmers.
New Zealand lamb prices have risen above $6.00 per kg due to export demand, falling sheep
numbers due to prime sheep country being converted into dairy and the infestation of wild herbages
on sheep stations in Central Otago dramatically reducing stocking rates. If left unchecked the
introduced and non-native herbages will completely overtake the natural sheep vegetation. The
Merino sheep refuse to graze these herbages and therefore cannot control the spread of these
evasive species. New Zealand restaurants have reacted by looking for alternative meat products to
replace lamb.
Shingle Creek Chevon which supplies predominantly Full blood wether Boer goat carcases has seized
upon this opportunity and is now supplying many of the top restaurants throughout New Zealand
with premium goat meat. The popularity of cooking shows and the consumers desire to experiment
and eat new foods is also driving the acceptance of farmed goat meat as a healthy alternative.
Shingle Creek Chevon is now in the process of establishing a network of Boer infused meat goat
producers to meet the growing demand. The price matrix includes a premium for full blood or
equivalent product and guarantees fixed prices with prompt payment. Markets for other Boer
infused goats are being established in tandem, including a range of smallgoods. Follow up enquires
from their display at the Wanaka show 2014 has been very encouraging with many traditional sheep
farmers wanting to return to running some Boer goats again in conjunction with their sheep
enterprises. They are now realising that the goats can complement the sheep and they will in time
combat the intrusion of the introduced herbages and over time improve the stocking rates of their
properties, increasing immediate returns and improving the capital value of their properties.
New Zealand was the original and the leading importer of Boer Genetics from South Africa with the
major customer being Texan buyers from the USA buying live Boer Goats. The top priced Boer buck
sold for NZD $150 000, with some Boer Goats being exported to Australia. After the initial boom, the
stud industry declined. In the early 2000, semen was imported from Australia to widen their genetic
base. A decade later, Stud Boers and semen from several Australian Studs has again being imported
with the aim of genetic improvement. Commercial bucks from these offspring are now being used by
meat goat farmers to boost the meat capacity and growth rates of their meat goats.
Boer Goats farming has a number of windows of opportunity in the Central Otago district because it
is a climate that goats can adapt to and thrive.
Briar rose spread was previously being controlled by rabbits until the introduction of the calicivirus
resulting in a massive explosion in the growth an invasion of this plant.
The dry bare grounds of the Central district provided has provided an ideal host for windblown pine
species being grown for timber. Thousands of acres of grazing lands have now been overgrown by
pine.
The traditional farming habit of burning the natural tussocks has led to the windblown introduction
of Hieracium (hawk weed). Tussocks are a natural host for other native species in alpine areas.
The Thyme has completely blanketed the vast bare and rocky unproductive lands and now becoming
a major feed source for goats in winter. Goats are the only livestock to graze on Thyme
Page 7
June 2014
These mass colonies are significantly reducing the farmable area of sheep stations as merino sheep
refuse to graze these herbages, whereas these species are the main fodder source for Boer goats .
The success of farming goats is about selecting the most appropriate climate with low cost quality
feed inputs. The Central Otago district closely mirrors the farming practices in many parts of South
Africa.
Geoffrey Mitchell
Wyn Cruickshank
Mitchell Genetics
Alpha Boers NZ
Above and right,
typical Otago
environment
showing briar rose
and thyme above.
Immediate right,
plenty of autumn
leaves available.
Bottom, winter
means snow.
Page 8
June 2014
Summer feeding above on Viperbugloss
(left) and Yarrow forage (right)
Winter scenes below.
Page 9
June 2014
A VISIT TO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
It is often a concern for us when we have sold animals on export orders, as to whether the animals
have arrived safely are treated well in their new environment.
All of those thoughts were put to rest on our recent visit to the United Arab Emirates, en route to
South Africa for the 2014 National Boer Goat Show held at Willomore in March.
We were welcomed by our client and buyer Mr Saif Alkaabi at his farm in Al Bithnah, Fujairah,
approximately 180km east of Dubai ,and toward the east coast of UAE, where a number of Clearday
Park, Pacifica and Armadown boer goats from Australia were being used for breeding purposes.
Some of these does were exported in kid and had successfully kidded since arriving at the farm. They
were now back in kid to bucks also exported from our stud, and looking very pregnant and healthy!
The method of farming boer goats in the UAE is very different to our farming methods, and indeed
even more different to the South African way of farming but is done very successfully. These goats
will never leave their compounds to browse or roam freely as they have done in the past, but being
the adaptable animals they are, they seem to have accepted their new way of life and remain good
natured and of even temperament.
They were in excellent condition and have grown into mature, strong animals, which is to be
expected after seeing the lucerne and pellets available ad lib, large open shelters and an
immaculately clean environment. Their enclosures are spacious and surrounded by high wire fencing
which is lined with hessian to provide some protection from the hot, dusty winds in summer. The
ground is rocky and dry—ideal for feet!
They are also free of predators in these enclosures, which makes for safe kidding. Separate large
pens are made available for the does and kids until the kids are strong and feeding well.
The purpose of the UAE breeders in importing stud animals is to continually improve their stock and
form a boer goat breed society in their own right, with the eventual aim of holding shows with
overseas judges officiating. To this extent, they insist on quality animals, all of which must be
classified and they must be registered with our breed society. The Boer Goat Association of Australia
does not currently have a classification system in place, so all animals are assessed by ClassiMate, a
privately run system which is based on the South African scoring system.
In April, Clearday Park animals will
once again form part of the fourth
successful shipment in 12 months by
Saif Alkaabi on behalf of breeders in
the UAE. After seeing for ourselves
how these goats can adapt and survive
in conditions so totally different from
where they were raised and remain
the wonderful, good natured and
personable animals that they are,
makes us proud to be a breeder of
the South African Boer Goat.
Ron and Chris Andrews, Clearday Park
Page 10
June 2014
Page 11
June 2014
Reprinted from The Boar Roar (NSW Branch Newsletter) Winter 2007
Page 12
June 2014
Page 13
June 2014
Reprinted from Boer Briefs
Summer 2003-2004
Page 14
June 2014
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
By: Haenlein, Cassese and Smith
http://www.goatworld.com/articles/ai/ai.shtml
1) Is AI For You?
If you have a few backyard does that you enjoy as a hobby, with little concern for genetic
improvements of their offspring, then artificial insemination (AI) is probably not for you, assuming a
suitable buck can be located for servicing the does. The expense of purchasing the necessary
equipment and learning to do AI are likely not worthwhile. However, if there is an experienced
inseminator in the area who is willing to work with your goats, then this may prove to be a viable
alternative and certainly is much simpler than hauling your does in heat to the buck's home.
2) AI has some key advantages over natural breeding.







It eliminates the necessity of keeping one or several bucks on the farm (depending on herd
size). Costs of feeding, housing, separate fencing and labor are eliminated. However, heat
detection may be more difficult in the absence of a buck.
AI can increase the rate of genetic improvement in an herd, as long as superior bucks are
consistently selected. In natural service, the prospective breeder has only the buck's
pedigree to rely on, whereas AI bucks should be progeny tested for their transmitting ability
of milk and fat percentage, weight gain, type conformation, etc.
AI allows breeding of different portions of the herd to different bucks. Young does may be
bred to not yet proven but high potential bucks, while the majority of the herd can be bred
to proven high quality bucks.
AI permits breeding of many does on one day when synchronization is practiced. No long
drives to top bucks are involved.
The danger of transmission of diseases or parasites is greatly reduced. (The transmission of
diseases through frozen semen needs further study.)
The time of breeding can be more carefully regulated, and the owner knows exactly when
the doe was bred, as opposed to pasture servicing by a buck that is allowed to run with the
herd.
AI induces good recordkeeping of dates of heat, breeding, pedigrees, etc. This will aid in
herd improvements and enable the owner to make better culling decisions.
3) Once the decision to use AI has been made, the next step is to determine whether to do the
inseminating yourself or pay someone else to do it. If there are only a few does in your herd, and an
experienced inseminator of goats is available, then it may be more practical to pay to have the
service done. However, if the number of does in the herd is rather large, or an experienced
inseminator is nowhere to be found, then its probably time to learn how to practice AI techniques
yourself.
4) AI technicians of the cattle industry may not necessarily be of much help when it comes to
inseminating goats, for the modern method of inseminating cattle (rectal palpation) differs from that
of breeding goats (speculum method) considerably. The speculum was used on cattle early in AI
history, and some cattle inseminators may be capable of teaching goat insemination.
5) The cost of getting started in AI, not including semen purchases, will generally run around $500, of
which $400 to $450 is tied up in the liquid nitrogen tank, which is necessary for storing semen any
length of time. Temperatures must be kept at -320F (-196C) for sperm survival to be maximized at
Page 15
June 2014
breeding time. It may be possible to share the cost of the tank with neighboring goat owners or dairy
farmers, thus alleviating some initial costs of an AI program.
6) If AI is to be used with any hope of achieving a good level of success must be known and well
understood by the prospective inseminator.
1) basic knowledge of the doe's reproductive organs and their functions;
2) understanding of storage and handling of semen;
3) ability to use, in a proper and sanitary manner, the equipment required for inseminating
goats;
4) ability to accurately detect heat at an early stage;
5) necessity of keeping accurate, up to date records of heat cycles, breeding, kidding,
reproductive problems, treatments, and any other pertinent information that may reflect on
the goat's reproductive patterns.
7) Reproductive Organs and Functions
The two ovaries are the sites of egg formation. They produce estrogens and progesterone, and as
such are determining factors of heat cycle, ovulation and pregnancy. Basically the estrus (heat) cycle
in goats operates as follows:





Proestrus is the time of follicle growth. As an egg (ovum) begins to mature in an ovary, it
becomes surrounded by a fluid filled sac on the outside of the ovary, much like a blister
forms on the skin. This growth is accompanied by increasing levels of estrogen in the blood.
Estrus - As estrogen levels peak, the doe will come into heat. This can be observed by
changes in behavior (increased bleating and restlessness), willingness to be bred, and the
swelling of the external genital area. The period of ''standing heat'' (acceptance of the buck)
will generally last for 24 to 36 hours.
Ovulation, or the release of the egg, is accomplished by the rupturing of the follicle,
expelling the egg from the ovary, and receiving it into the oviduct via the fimbria funnel. This
occurs very near, or soon after, the end of standing heat (6 hours before to 12 hours after).
Egg life is 12 to 24 hours, while the sperm lasts 24 to 48 hours.
Metaestrus - in this stage, the ruptured follicle is undergoing cellular differentation to form a
functionally important tissue mass, the corpus luteum (yellow body). This structure is
responsible for the secretion of progesterone, a hormone which prevents the development
of another follicle and prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized egg.
Diestrus - is the longest period of the estrous cycle in does. During this period of corpus
luteum influence, two events may happen:
o a) if fertilization of the egg occurred, the corpus luteum will persist for the entire
gestation period, preventing follicular develop ment and keeping estrogen levels
low.
o b) if no fertilization took place, the progesterone secretions of the corpus luteum
gradually lessen, allowing a new cycle of follicular development to begin, with a
corresponding increase in estrogen levels. The length of time required for one
estrous cycle without fertilization, ranges from 17 to 24 days in goats, with the
majority taking 21 days. Shorter cycles are not uncommon (5-10 days).
8 The egg, after being expelled from the ovary, passes into the oviduct via the infundibulum, and
toward the cornua (horns) of the uterus. This movement is produced by wave-like motions of the
Page 16
June 2014
ciliated (hair-like projections) cells of the oviduct. Sperm and eggs meet in the oviduct and
fertilization occurs in the middle to upper one third of the duct.
9) The egg continues into the horn of the uterus, where, if it has been fertilized and undergone
several cellular divisions, it will become attached to the uterine wall. If no fertilization has occurred,
the egg will degenerate and the cycle goes on.
10) The cervix of the uterus plays a key role in artificial insemination, as it is the external entrance to
the uterus which must be located and penetrated with the inseminating instrument. The cervix is
normally tightly closed, except during periods of heat or kidding. Semen is deposited on the vaginal
side of the cervix in natural services, but AI requires the deposition of semen in the uterine side of
the cervix. This is because of the greatly reduced volume of semen that is used in AI. If the 0.5 to 1 cc
of semen in AI were deposited on the vaginal side of the cervix, there is a good chance that none of
the sperm would reach the egg.
11) The vagina serves as the connecting tube between the uterus and the outside opening, the
vulva. It is part of the birth canal, and also contains the urethral opening, from which urine will pass
during emptying of the bladder.
12) Purchase and Preparation of Semen
In most cases, the inseminator will acquire the semen needed by direct purchase from a commercial
operation, in which case it will be shipped to the inseminator. It is of the greatest importance that
the semen be transferred to permanent storage (the liquid nitrogen tank) without exposing it to
anything approaching air temperature. Generally, this means transferring the container element
which houses the semen directly to the liquid nitrogen tank. Here it can be safely stored for long
periods of time, since biological activity practically stops at liquid nitrogen temperatures (-320F).
Semen is generally to be used within 6 months, but conceptions have resulted from semen stored
for several years, although sperm survival is decreased, resulting in lower conception rates.
13) Semen Collection
Bucks are handled basically the same way as bulls for semen collection. Three basic methods may be
employed, but all three require an artificial vagina, a double walled device with an opening at one
end and collection tube at the other. The inner lining holding warm water should be coated with a
light application of water soluble lubricating jelly. The three methods are:



Page 17
A buck may be allowed to mount a doe, with the semen collector manually diverting the
buck's penis into the artificial vagina (ram or dog size). Don't touch the penis directly,
instead direct the penis into the artificial vagina by grasping the buck's sheath. After
ejaculation (usually 0.5 to 1.0 cc) has occurred, remove the artificial vagina and tip it so that
the semen will all run into the collection tube. This method may require practice and
adjustment by both the buck and the collector before good samples are collected.
A buck is trained to mount a dummy instead of a live doe. The same procedures are followed
for sample collection. Mounting may be facilitated by applying vaginal mucus scrapings of a
doe that is in heat to the dummy, at least during the training process.
Use of electro-ejaculation. The buck is not required to mount an object, although an artificial
vagina should still be used for semen collection. An electrode unit, which has a number of
contact rings, is inserted into the buck's rectum. Slight electric stimulation brings on
ejaculation. This technique generally results in good samples in quantity and quality.
However, the sperm concentration of the sample will be lower. This method does not
require extensive training, and will allow collections from bucks that may refuse or are
unable to mount and serve an artificial vagina.
June 2014
14) Semen, once collected, may be used in one of three different ways:



As liquid semen, directly or on the same day one ejaculate can serve 3 to 5 does. If kept at
body temperature, the semen may be good for three hours.
Semen may be stored 24 to 48 hours by placing the collection tube in a container of water
and putting this unit in a refrigerator. No diluter is needed, although plain egg yolk can serve
as simple extender to double the number of does that can be served.
Semen that is to be stored for longer periods of time must be mixed with a diluter and very
carefully frozen. A commercially prepared diluter extender, such as Ortho Semen Diluter is
desirable, although plain milk can be used successfully also. Following are steps in semen
extending:
o with a commercial preparation, use a diluter to semen ratio of 19:1, adding the
semen to the diluter, and rolling the bottle gently to achieve a thorough mixing. The
semen and diluter should be at the same temperature. This mixture can be stored in
the refrigerator and used for a week, or slowly cooled and stepwise frozen for
storage in a liquid nitrogen tank for later insemination.
o for a homemade milk diluter, it is best to use fresh 3.5 pasteurized, homogenized
whole milk. It must be heated and held at 210F for 10 minutes in a glass boiler, keep
the lid in place so that no moisture is lost. Next, the milk is cooled in a water bath
with the lid on. When the milk is in equilibrium temperature with the water bath,
the water condensation on the inside of the lid is shaken back into the milk. To every
400 cc of milk, add 100,000 units of potassium G crystalline penicillin and 500 mg
crystallin di-hydrostreptomycin sulfate, mixing well. Warm this diluter to about body
temperature before adding the fresh semen at 19:1 ratio. Place the diluted semen in
a water bath at body temperature of 101F and allow to cool slowly. Semen may be
frozen, if the extender contains an antifreeze compound, slowly, stepwise for
storage on dry ice or in liquid nitrogen.
15) A microscope, capable of 900x magnification is an essential tool when doing your own semen
collection in order to determine semen quantity and quality. First, place a semen sample on a clean
slide and cover with a coverslip or another slide. Set the magnification to 400x and observe the
appearance of dark patches or spots thru the scope; four dark areas or more per microscope field
represent high concentrations of sperm, a really good sample. Three dark areas is somewhat chancy
for use at a diluted service, but is good enough for natural service. Two dark areas should be used
only for natural services and one dark area means that the concentration of sperm is too low for
even natural service.
16) Switching to 900x, the sperm cells can be individually observed for normal structures. Diluting in
warm saline is helpful. Coiled tails, broken tails, absence of tails and abnormal shapes all constitute
deficient sperm cells. Sixty to 70 2.256835e+199ood motility before freezin should be observed in a
good sample, with a minimum of 30motility after freezing and thawing. Any insemination program,
no matter how carefully carried out, will yield poor results if the concentration and quality of the
collected sperm is not of high standards. Sophisticated techniques of washing the sperm free of
seminal plasma before extending and freezing will improve post-thaw viability.
17) The concentration of a buck semen ejaculate can be determined accurately by using a red blood
cell diluting pipette and standard hemocytometer techniques. Typical results during the breeding
season are 3 to 5 billion sperm per cc. Optical density can also be used to estimate sperm
concentration if the photometer has been calibrated for buck semen. A simpler technique involves
the determination of a spermatocrit using microhematocrit pipettes. The aliquot of semen is
centrifuged for 10 minutes; for each percentage point of packed sperm, approximately 200 million
sperm cells per cc are present. Correction is made for the percent motile sperm, after which the
ejaculate can be diluted appropriately to supply a minimum of 125 million motile sperm in each
Page 18
June 2014
breeding dose. It is often difficult to introduce more than 0.2 ml of semen into the cervix, so dilution
to a final concentration of 600 million to 1.2 billion live sperm per cc has been recommended. When
no laboratory support is available, fresh semen for immediate use may be diluted up to 5 times in
extender if it is yellowish and 10 times if the ejaculate is white. A straw holding 0.5 cc of this diluted
semen will provide adequate sperm if excessive reflux does not occur.
18) Storage and Removal of Semen from the Liquid Nitrogen Tank
A liquid nitrogen tank is basically a very large thermos-bottle in which liquid nitrogen is placed to
keep the inner temperature near -320F (-196C). The spacing between the inner and outer walls is
insulated and under vacuum. The temperature in the tank is maintained uniformly at -320F up to the
bottom of the tank neck until the liquid nitrogen level gets down to around 5''. To measure liquid
nitrogen, use a piece of black metal rod that is long enough to hold and touch the bottom of the
tank. Dip the rod to the tank bottom and remove after 30 seconds. By waving it in the air, a white
frost line will appear on the rod. This line indicates the liquid nitrogen depth of the tank. Levels
nearing 5'' require a refill. The only real differences between tanks is their storage capacity (number
of ampules or straws that they will hold) and their length of holding time (liquid nitrogen
evaporation rate). The neck diameter varies somewhat also, with wider openings being easier to
work with, but an increased evaporation rate usually results.
19) When working with semen in the liquid nitrogen tank, it is important to keep the racks below the
frost line in the neck of the tank. Removal of semen from the tank for periods as brief as 10 seconds,
such as for identification, before replacing it to the tank will often result in lowered fertility levels. If
the right rack can't be located in 5 seconds, lower the canister back to the bottom of the tank for at
least 30 seconds before trying again. Also, when handling semen, try to stay out of any direct
sunlight, as ultraviolet light has a spermicidial effect.
20) The semen comes in two basic types of packaging: ampules (1 ml) and straws (0.5 or 0.25 ml).
The ampule is the most common type of packaging for buck sperm. Both ampules and straws are
stored in racks (canes), which are aluminum pieces that hold a vertical row of ampules
21) A few key reminders concerning semen storage:
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Always keep the liquid nitrogen level above 5''.
Never lift a canister above the frost line of the tank.
When the semen is removed with a forceps from the tank it should be placed immediately in
the thaw box.
Never expose semen to direct ultraviolet light.
Never refreeze semen that has been thawed as it will be destroyed.
Check for proper identification on ampule or straw.
A defective ampule may blow up after it is removed from the tank. This is due to a small leak
that allows nitrogen to enter the ampule. When removed from the tank, the gas expands
too rapidly to vent back out the hole and it explodes the glass. A hissing sound is usually
audible when it is removed. Keep your hand between the ampule and your face when
putting it into thaw box.
Always wear gloves and goggles for your own protection when working inside a liquid
nitrogen tank.
22) Thawing Procedures
Methods for semen thawing vary among manufacturers, and it is best to follow their
recommendation. The thawing procedure for 1cc ampules, the most common for goat semen, is
generally the ice water bath:
Page 19
June 2014
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Ice water (38-42F) is placed in a styrofoam box long enough before-hand to allow
temperature to equilibrate.
Remove the ampule from tank and place immediately into thaw box. Ampule may be placed
in a small plastic cup with holes in the bottom. This prevents ice from coming into direct
contact with ampule.
Ampule should thaw in 3 to 5 minutes. Check for slushiness and allow more time if needed.
Ampule may sit in ice water for as long as 30 minutes with no damage. Once removed, the
semen must be used right away.
The layer of ice on the ampule must be peeled off before opening to avoid possible
contamination.
23) The ice water thaw method is especially good during winter breeding of does because of low risk
of cold shock to thawed and exposed semen. Thawing of semen can be done from -320F rapidly, but
any subsequent exposure to lower temperatures after thawing will kill many or all of the sperm.
24) The warm water method of thawing is more exact than the ice water method, but probably will
not work in cold weather, although it may give somewhat better results the rest of the year. The
procedure is basically the same as for the ice water thaw except that:
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The water must be maintained at 92 to 98F. This requires a source of warm water and an
accurate thermometer.
Thawing will be complete in about 1 minute with no ice layer formation of the ampule.
Ampules thawed with the warm water method should be used within 5 minutes.
25) Straws (0.5 or 0.25 ml) can be thawed by either of the previous two methods. A given amount of
semen in a straw will take about one half as long to thaw as an equal amount in an ampule. Many
inseminators simply thaw straws by placing them into their shirt or pants pocket.
26) Inseminating Procedures
All the care in handling, storage and preparation of semen will be useless if the inseminating process
is not done carefully and cleanly. Hygienic practices at this point cannot be over-emphasized. All
reusable items such as inseminating guns (for straws), scissors for cutting straws, scribe for cutting
ampules, etc. must be wiped clean with 70 0sopropyl alcohol and allowed to dry before reuse.
Disposable items should be kept in their sealed packages until they are to be used. The speculum
should be sterilized after each use (this is one reason why the cattle industry discontinued the
speculum method; the inseminator would have to carry a few dozen specula on his daily rounds,
sterilizing them each night). This is best accomplished by boiling for 10 minutes, allowing to air dry.
Then place inside a sterile container or wrapping, such as a new plastic AI glove. Disposable plastic
type specula for goats can be obtained from mail order companies, eliminating the need for
constant resterilization.
27) Materials needed for artificial insemination:
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Page 20
Speculum, Pyrex 22 x 175 mm for doelings; 25 x 200 mm for adult does; or stainless steel
human vaginal speculum; or plastic disposables; with a small clip-on flashlight.
Sterile lubricating jelly (K-Y)
Thaw box
a. Inseminating pipette with bulb or syringe (ampules only) or b. Inseminating gun (straws
only)
Paper towels
Facility for securing doe (stanchion, fence, rope hoist)
Recording journal for breeding dates, buck's name, etc.
June 2014
28) Preparing Ampules:
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Partially remove an inseminating pipette from its plastic bag.
Place bulb or syringe on exposed end.
Thaw ampule according to the described methods.
Dry ampule after thawing, hold in paper towel and scribe (with proper tool) one side of
ampule collar. Some ampule types do not need to be scribed, but can be snapped open.
Pull syringe back 1/2 cc on plunger or squeeze bulb closed before placing pipette into
ampule.
Tip ampule to slight angle and maintain constant suction on pipette while it is slowly
inserted into the ampule. Try to get all the semen into the pipette, keeping the semen
column down near the end of the pipette.
When filled, the pipette should have a semen column with no air spaces, with the bottom of
the column being 1 to 2'' from the pipette tip. Do not draw semen into the syringe or bulb.
Keep the ampule for information to complete breeding records.
Keep the pipette away from sunlight or cover with paper towels.
The semen is now ready to be placed into the doe in estrus.
29) Preparing Straws:
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An inseminating gun, designed for your type of straw is needed, obtainable thru farm supply
houses or the local cattle AI technician. Have cover sheath available, sealed until needed.
Place straw in thaw box.
Remove when thawed, wipe dry. Check buck information.
Pull plunger on gun back 4 to 6'' and insert straw into gun, cotton plug end first (towards
plunger).
Hold gun in upright position, allowing air bubble to rise to the sealed end.
Cut sealed end of straw with scissors. Take care to cut straw squarely for proper seating.
Install the sheath over the gun, fastening it down with the provided O-ring. Install it so that
the wider side of the ring faces the straw, with the narrower side facing the syringe end.
30) Insemination: Assuming that the doe has been observed in heat, has been suitably restrained
(i.e. in stanchion) and the steps for preparing the ampule or straw have been followed. The next
steps are:
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Page 21
Position doe on milk stand. The inseminator places his left foot on the stand and drapes the
hindquarters of the goat across his horizontally positioned thigh. The goat is allowed to
stand as long as she does not struggle or collapse. The vulva is cleaned.
Hold pipette or inseminating gun, wrapped in a paper towel, in your mouth; or let someone
else hold it if extra hands are available.
Turn head light on and insert lubricated speculum in a slow and gentle manner. Begin
entrance at a somewhat upward angle for the first several inches. This is to prevent the
speculum from scraping across the vaginal floor, possibly doing damage to the urethral
opening.
Complete insertion of speculum and locate cervix. Center the end of the speculum over the
os uteri (entrance to cervical canal).
Cervix should be of a red-purple coloration with a viscous whitish mucus present if doe is
truly in heat.
Insert pipette or inseminating gun into speculum to the cervix. Gently manipulate the
instrument through the cervical canal (cervix is 1 to 2'' long) to the 4th or 5th annular ring.
Deposit semen near the uterine end of the cervix or just inside the uterus. Do not enter too
far into the uterus as the semen will then tend to be dumped into one horn or the other. If
June 2014
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the semen is pushed into the wrong horn (i.e. egg produced in left ovary, semen dumped
into right horn) then fertilization may not occur.
Deposit semen slowly, taking at least five seconds.
Slowly withdraw instrument without release of syringe or depressed bulb, then carefully
remove the speculum.
Record all pertinent breeding information.
Carefully discard all disposable materials. Arrange to sanitize reuseable items and sterilize
the speculum (if it is a non-disposable type).
31) Frequently, the pipette cannot be passed all the way through the cervix even though the doe is
in heat. If it has penetrated deeply into the cervix (3 to 4 cm, as determined by laying another
pipette alongside the first and observing the distance by which the outer ends are offset), cervical
insemination will provide a conception rate almost equal to that of intrauterine semen deposition.
The conception rate expected from intra-vaginal insemination, however, is less than 30 If semen is
very valuable, it may be advisable to pass a trial pipette to determine patency of the cervix before
thawing the semen unit.
More reading…
http://sa-boergoats.com/asp/4h/goat-facts/artifical_insemination_for_goats.asp
WEBSITE AND NEWSLETTER ADVERTISING
The following chart lists the options for advertising in the Newsletter or the website. Prices include
GST. A form is available on the website at the following link:
http://www.australianboergoat.com.au/forms.php
Any advertising can be forwarded to judithdaloisio@yahoo.com (03)57973232. Members can login
to the website and upload Classifieds in the Members Area. There is no charge for State Branches to
advertise. A mail out to members can be done through ABRI, contact Barb O’Shea
barb.oshea@abri.une.edu.au Cost is $75 for members, $110 for non-members.
ADVERTISING TYPES & COSTS
MEMBER OF BGBAA
Please complete details below
NON MEMBER OF BGBAA
Please complete details below
Website – Classifieds For Sale
FREE OF CHARGE
$22.00
Website – Classifieds Wanted
FREE OF CHARGE
FREE OF CHARGE
Website – Homepage Rollover Ad
$55.00/month
Number of months**
$55.00/month
Number of months**
FREE OF CHARGE
Number of editions
$55.00/edition
Number of editions
$75.00/edition
Number of editions
$110.00/edition
Number of editions
** Invoicing cycle (please circle):
Monthly
3-monthly
$110.00/month
Number of months**
$110.00/month
Number of months**
$55.00/edition
Number of editions
$75.00/edition
Number of editions
$110.00/edition
Number of editions
$165.00/edition
Number of editions
** Invoicing cycle (please circle):
Monthly
3-monthly
Website – Static Ad (other pages)
Newsletter – Under ¼ page
Newsletter – ¼ page
Newsletter – ½ page
Newsletter – Full page
TOTAL DUE $
Page 22
June 2014
Around the show circuit
Full results for all shows are available on the National web site
www.australianboergoat.com.au
NEWCASTLE SHOW (NSW) PHOTOS 1st March, 2014
Judge: Celia Burnett-Smith
Senior Champion Buck Willowstone Boer Goat Stud
Grand Champion Buck Wollomi Jackson
Junior Champion Wollomi Jackson and Reserve
Junior Champion Cedar Ridge Sandman
Supreme Exhibit Cedar Ridge Jordan
Page 23
June 2014
NSW STATE CHAMPIONSHIPS
IN CONJUNCTION WITH QUEANBEYAN SHOW SOCIETY
Two days –8th and 9th November 2014, Queanbeyan
Judge: Callie Wannenburg from South Africa. Callie is an Inspector as well as a Judge.
Callie is available for classification of animals after the show. Please contact Chris Andrews for
further information. Email randrews02@bigpond.com
Judge: Callie Wannenburg, South Africa
Callie runs 650 Boer does and 300 merino ewes on 2,800 hectares
of rich farming country, 30km from the small town of De Rust in the
Western Cape and located approximately 140km from George.
The boer goats spend most of their time on the well pastured fields
except during the mating season when the commercial goats have
the run of the fields and the stud animals are put into smaller
camps with handpicked bucks. All of the goats then come onto the
Lucerne fields for kidding.
Callie also produces vegetable seed for the overseas market and
grain for his own use.
He is an experienced judge and inspector for the South African Boer
Goat association with a list of judging appointments throughout the Northern, Western and Eastern
Cape since 2012 and has been appointed inspector for 7 auctions over the past two years. He was
also Ring Steward for the National Championships at Pretoria in 2012.
This will be his first visit to Australia and we hope he enjoys his time here.
Page 24
June 2014
TOCAL FIELD DAY, NSW, 2,3,4 May 2014
Boer goats were represented in a display at Tocal Field day over a cold and very windy weekend,
which kept a lot of people away.On Friday Chris, Doug and Will Frazer and Ayala Davies manned the
exhibition. On Saturday it was Michael, Ruth and Barry Shearman and on Sunday Catherine and
Michael Walsh and Ruth and Barry Shearman.
Catherine and Michael Walsh did a great job setting up the marque, it really looked colourful. They
also had a drawing board for students who liked to show off their art work drawing a Boer Goat,
each artist was given a lolly pop. It was very popular.
Catherine Walsh purchased the raffle, which was a picnic basket with wine, biscuits, chocolates and
a soft toy (boer goat) and 2nd prize was an esky bag. The raffle was very popular and made enough
to pay for the site. The winner was Ruth Shearman a retired Boer Goat Breeder and second went to
Lorna Hopcroft from the Hermitage at Tea Gardens. The Boer Goat Soft Toys were popular and
information bags.
Most enquires were for commercial goats, fencing, etc, also some enquiries for wethers. Friday was
mostly students from Ag Schools or Local Schools. Singleton High School is doing well with a Full
blood Doe and progeny and commercial Does and Progeny.Chris,Doug and Will Frazer have loaned a
well bred Full Blood Buck to Singleton High School, they are hoping for some excellent progeny next
October. The High School will be showing at
Singleton Show in September.
Page 25
June 2014
Boer Goat Breeders’
Association of Australia Ltd
Boer Goat Breeders’
Association of Australia Ltd
ACN 067 659 081 ABN 840 676 590
81
(Victorian Branch)
C/- ABRI
University of New England
Armidale NSW 2351
Tel: 02 6773 5177 Fax: 02 6772 1943
Email: boergoat@abri.une.edu.au
Web: www.australianboergoat.com.au
Secretary: Nerida Tull
Tel: (03) 5794 1507
Email: parraboers@bigpond.com
Web: www.bgbaavictoria.com.au
Boer Goats – ‘Meating’ the Market
To selected Agricultural Societies,
The Boer Goat Breeders Association of Australia Victorian Branch (BGBAA) wish to put out a tender
to host the Australasian Boer Goat Show for 2015 and beyond.
The Australasian Boer Goat Show is a considerable event that brings in breeders from across
Victoria, NSW and South Australian. As part of this tender process the association is looking at how
your society can work with the association in developing and promoting this event, through the use
of your resources in both personnel and facilities. The Victorian committee has outlined a number
of key criteria that are essential elements for any venue and society that wishes to hold such an
event.
Key Selection Criteria
Date:
Support a two day competition – a Saturday/Sunday in the date range of March to May. The
Society will discuss with BGBAA(VIC) to plan a date each year. The date will need to be away
from the Sydney Royal Easter Show and any other major interstate shows. In 2015 the Royal
Easter show is 28th March to 8th April
-
Location:
Needs to be accessible to a large number of breeders.
An environment that will be relaxing and enjoyable for competitors.
Clear from any DEPI restrictions on animal movement and health concerns.
-
Venue:
Ample parking and space for trailers and competitors.
A suitably designed undercover venue that would support the housing of 200 animals
(Approx 100-150 pens depending on size)
Page 26
The ability to separate various MN status animals.
A show arena that is undercover and has ample area for seating. Show arena would
need to be a level area which is clean and preferably covered with carpet or similar.
Fresh water accessible and bedding supplied for pens.
Lighting for night time
Wash down facilities and power for electrical appliances.
Various types of accommodation close by or camping at the venue.
June 2014
-
The overall venue needs to be secure and safe for the animals from the Friday
Lunchtime to departure on Sunday afternoon.
Security at facilities at night
Toilet facilities
Shower facilities
Room and Powered sites for stall holders and exhibitors
Other support roles for Society
-
A venue for a Saturday night dinner which will be catered (BGBAA members PAY)
Setting up and dismantling of the stock pens.
Record keeping during the competition.
Quality Food and Coffee suppliers at the venue.
Supply tables/chairs for officials and spectators
The Society willing to promote the breed and competition around there local area,
though the media and community forums
Commitment from the BGBAA (VIC)
The Victorian committee acknowledges the amount of time and effort that goes into running
a volunteer Agriculture Society. The BGBAA would work out a financial remuneration package with
the society as part of the tender process. Please outline your thoughts in your submission.
The BGBAA (VIC) is willing to give a commitment of 2 yrs with a 2 yr extension for the Australasian
Boer Goat Show to remain at your venue. The finer detail of this arrangement will be made during
the tender process.
Where to from here?
If your Agriculture Society feels that you have an appropriate venue and support structure in
place to accommodate the Australasian Boer Goat show please write to the BGBAA (VIC) on the
contact details below. Outline how you feel you can support the BGBAA and the selection criteria,
please include the contact names and numbers of the most appropriate person(s) to discuss your
submission with.
Submissions due
No later than 30th August 2014.
Nerida Tull - Secretary, Breed Development (jointly), Communication and Education Portfolios
(03) 5794 1507 0427941507 parraboers@bigpond.com
To members, from the Victorian Branch. If you know of any suitable venues/show
societies/organisations capable of running the 2015 Australasian Boer goat Show please
contact Nerida Tull above…
Page 27
June 2014
Some humour…………………
Haven’t we all been
here!!!
BGBAA NEWSLETTER PUBLICATION DATES AND DEADLINES 2014
PUBLICATION DATE
Friday, August 29, 2014
Friday, October 31, 2014
Wednesday, December 23, 2014
Page 28
DEADLINE
Wednesday, August 27, 2014
Wednesday, October 29, 2014
Friday, December 19, 2014
June 2014
CLASSIFIEDS: FOR SALE
1998 ISUZU N8-250/300 Crew Cab
Reliable ,economical registered until Dec 2014
Suitable for goats or sheep. Removable panels make 4-8
compartments. Stock crate is removable to convert to table top
with side panels. Back seat available.
Has sliding back door and drop down
ramp. GVM 6,200kg.
$12,500 + GST
email: randrews02@bigpond.com
0427 976 452
Goat Lift - $770 including GST
Located: Near Toowoomba, Queensland
The goat lift has been built using a motor bike lift. The lift is raised by operating the foot pedal which
in turn uses a hydraulic jack to raise the platform to a comfortable working height, the lift is lowered
by operating the lowering pedal. The ramp is detachable. Being an hydraulic motor bike lift, it’s
designed to safely raise 450kg with excellent stability.
SPECIFICATIONS
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Rated Capacity: 450KG
Tested to: 500KG
Table Length 220cm
Table Width: 66cm
Min Height: 220mm (Fully lowered)
Max Height: 780mm (Fully raised)
GW/ Nett Weight: 150KG
Foot Pumps to Max Height: 16-18
The goat’s head is captured by a chain, adjustable for neck
size. Once captured each side of the lift’s pen can be
opened to allow work to proceed.
Contact: Peter Cabot, petercabot@bigpond.com, 0434 402 288
Page 29
June 2014
Ever cooked what’s in your paddock??
Goat meat (Chevon) will lose moisture and can toughen quickly due to low fat content if it is exposed
to high, dry cooking temperatures. Therefore, two basic rules are:
1. cook it slowly (low temperature)
2. cook it with moisture (use marinades)
Tenderness of meat cut determines the method or methods of cooking. Tender cuts of meat are
usually best when cooked by a dry heat method such as roasting or frying. Less tender cuts are
tenderised by cooking with moist heat such as braising and stewing.
Tender cuts of goat meat are the legs, ribs, portions of the shoulder cut, the loin, roast and the
breast. Less tender cuts of goat are stew meat, riblets and shanks. In general, it is advisable to cook
the meat slowly. Cooking any meat at low temperatures results in a more tender and flavourful
product with more juice. Oven bags are ideal and use any slow cook recipes for lamb especially leg
or shoulder recipes.
This recipe is from the following website: http://www.gourmettraveller.com.au/recipes/recipesearch/feature-recipe/2007/10/baby-goat-marinated-in-fino-sherry,-garlic-and-thyme-(cabritoasado)/
Baby Goat Marinated in Fino Sherry, garlic and Thyme
(cabrito asado)
(Ed Note: the good part of this recipe is you could use any
young goat for this recipe, or cuts, the bad part is there’s
not much of the sherry left to sip while its cooking!!!)
You need to begin one day ahead..Serves 4 people, 10
min preparation, 3 hours cooking includes resting time
750ml (3 cups) Fino sherry
150ml extra virgin olive oil
2 tbsp thyme leaves
8 bay leaves gently crushed
2 carrots coarsely chopped
2 onions coarsely chopped
1 head garlic peeled and coarsely crushed
1.5kg forequarter baby goat
To serve: green salad
Method:
Combine sherry, olive oil, thyme, bay leaves, carrot and onion in a large dish. Rub the crushed
garlic onto the goat and put the remains of the garlic in the marinade. Baste the goat with the
marinade several times, then cover and refrigerate overnight.
Preheat oven to 180C. Scatter marinated vegetables over base of a large roasting pan, then lay
goat on top, season with sea salt, rubbing salt vigorously into the skin. Roast for 1 hour, then
turn and cook for another 1-2 hours or until meat pulls away from the bone. Remove from oven,
rest for 10 minutes, carve and serve with pan juices, some of the carrots and a green salad
passed separately.
Page 30
June 2014
Reprinted from The
Boar Roar, NSW
Branch,
Winter 2007
Page 31
June 2014
Additional Snippets……………..
BGBAA members need to be aware that MLA has recently been undertaking annual on farm audits
of Goat Breeders. One member highlighted the huge difficulty with using non compliant drenches
which made it impossible for many goat breeders to get a “clean bill of health” from MLA. Penalties
can range (for incomplete audits) from a revisit to check paperwork has been corrected and updated
to a “ban” on using your PIC code which means no sale or movement of animals.
Here is more information from MLA: http://www.mla.com.au/Meat-safety-andtraceability/Livestock-Production-Assurance/Record-keeping/Audits
REMEMBER, IT MAY NOT HAPPEN TODAY OR TOMORROW, BUT IT WILL HAPPEN! 
Christmas is just around the corner!!!
Why wait until the last minute when there are these lovely Boer
Goat soft toys available NOW for the younger generation of
future Boer goat breeders! Fill the stocking!
Contact :
Lyn Wickenden
Mobile: 0427421064
Email: lynnwicko@hotmail.com
Online Registrations..it’s easier than you think…
Registration costs are cheaper if you do it yourself online. There is a step by step guide on the
website at the following link:
http://www.australianboergoat.com.au/admin/_files/forms/1352181945_online_registrations_a_sp
ep_by_step_guide.pdf
(Click on Members, Forms)
Contact Judith D’Aloisio judithdaloisio@yahoo.com.au if you would like to make a time for a personal step by
step guide to do an online registration OR update your herd book. (Note: you will need to have a username
and password from Barb O’Shea at ABRI Phone:
(02) 6773 5177 in the first instance)
Page 32
Disclaimer: The articles contained herein are individual views
and ideas, not necessarily those of the BGBAA Board or
members. Where any suggestions are made with respect to
June 2014
health issues, it is advised that you consult your veterinarian.