UNIT I Past tense of Verb To-Be

Transcription

INDEX
UNIT I
Past tense of Verb To-Be
………………………… 16
Yes/No Questions; in the past
Where…?, When…?
………………………… 25
Information Questions using interrogative words:
What…? How….?
………………………… 28
Regular verbs in the past
………………………… 39
What could you do?
………………………… 49
Modal Auxiliary verb Could
………………………… 52
UNIT II
Countable and uncountable nouns
………………………… 70
Units of Measure
………………………… 74
Is there…? Are there…?
………………………… 78
MUCH…? MANY…? Or ANY…?
………………………… 80
Plurals
………………………… 85
There are four types of pronouns
Object pronouns after a verb:
Object pronouns after prepositions:
………………………… 88
How have you changed?
………………………… 94
Word Order in Questions
………………………… 104
15
Tema:
Past tense of Verb To-Be:
• Sentences in the past for verb To-Be
• Questions in the past for verb To-Be
Unidad:
1
Objetivo conceptual:
El alumno identificará las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con el Verbo To-Be (pasado).
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizará lo aprendido del Verbo To-Be
(pasado) para comunicarse de manera limitada.
Objetivo Actitudinal:
El alumno reconocerá la importancia de expresarse
con propiedad en un idioma extranjero
El alumno se comportará con respeto y tolerancia
con sus pares y con el profesor
Competencias genéricas:
Escucha, interpreta y emite mensajes pertinentes en distintos contextos
mediante la utilización de medios, códigos y herramientas apropiados.
• Expresa ideas y conceptos mediante representaciones lingüísticas,
matemáticas o graficas.
• Se comunica en una segunda lengua en situaciones cotidianas
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas mediante métodos
establecidos.
• Sigue instrucciones y procedimientos de manera reflexiva
comprendiendo como cada uno de sus pasos contribuye al alcance de un
objetivo.
Participa y colabora de manera efectiva en equipos diversos.
• Aporta puntos de vista con apertura y considera los de otras personas de
manera reflexiva.
Competencias disciplinares:
• Localiza y ordena distintos datos, ideas y conceptos expresados o
implícitos en un texto en una lengua extranjera.
• Expresa ideas y conceptos en forma escrita de manera clara, coherente
y creativa enana legua extranjera.
• Capta la idea general y posible desarrollo de un mensaje en una lengua
extranjera, recurriendo a conocimientos previos, pistas no verbales,
patrones de entonación y contexto cultural.
• Comprende las ideas generales expresadas en un texto en una lengua
extranjera.
• Elabora textos simples en una lengua extranjera para diversos propósitos
comunicativos.
16
Were you born in
Sonora?
Yes, I was! I was born
in Hermosillo
Questions with the past be
YES / NO QUESTIONS
Were you born in Sonora?
Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
Was your sister born in 1995?
Yes, She was
No, she wasn’t
Were your parents born in Hermosillo?
No, they weren’t.
Yes, they were.
I was silly
Negation and Questions work the same way as the present tense
I
You
He
She
nice.
tall.
Singular
First person I was
beautiful.
It
here.
We
there.
You
both tall.
They
She was little
busy.
Second
person
you
were
he was
Third person she was
it was
interesting
They were not on at the
fair before school.
17
Plural
we were
you were
they
were
Build your own sentences in Past using the images as reference:
New
book
It was a new book
Paul / happy / last week
We (not) / in class/ on Monday
My sister & I / home / yesterday
The baby / not sleepy / last night
Apples/ in the kitchen / this morning
Jack / student / last semester
Bill / scared / last night
Athens / the capital / Greece
17
18
To form a question, if in the sentence the verb is a form of be,
simply switch the positions of the subject and verb.
A. Are you from around here?
B: Yes, I am.
A: Are you married?
B: No, I am not.
CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES, MAKE THEM A QUESTION.
John is a doctor.
Is John a doctor?
I am from California.
His name is Rafael.
That was fun.
To form a question, if in the sentence the verb is not a form
of be, the process is little bit different.
Add Do / Does to the beginning of the sentence.
Auxiliary + Subject + Verb +
Predicate
Verb
Do
Does
they
she
buy
wear
19
a new car?
an old dress?
CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES TO YES/NO QUESTIONS
USING:
“Do” or “Does” AS AN AUXILIARY
He plays in goal.
Does he play in goal?
He teaches physics
She drinks coffee every day
They live in teepees.
I like eggs.
Mary has an expensive car
The Olympic champion comes from Tijuana
Some insects carry serious diseases
This wine costs a lot of money.
20
Change the following sentences to questions using the “INFORMATION WORD”
given
1. Wool comes from sheep. (where)
2 . This car has two doors. (how many)
. Raccoons come out at night. (when)
3
4 . She takes two sugars in her coffee. (how many)
. A fox lives in our garden. (what)
5
21
CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB
Charles Darwin
1) Charles Darwin
[was/were] born on February 12, 1809
[was/were] a British naturalist who became famous for his theories
2) He_
of evolution and natural selection.
[was/ were]
3) In South America, Darwin found that fossils of extinct animals
similar to modern species.
[was/were] strongly opposed to the idea of evolution because
4) Many people
it conflicted with their religious beliefs.
5) Throughout his life, Darwin
student.
[was/were] a reserved, thorough, hard working
Albert Einstein
6) When Albert Einstein
[was/were] young, his parents worried about him.
/*
7) Einstein's parents
[was/were] concerned that Albert was "slow."
8) Albert
[was/were] a terrible student who didn't want to attend classes
regularly and take exams.
[was/were] published
9) Einstein's best-known work, the theory of relativity,
in 1905.
10) Unfortunately, the theory of relativity
[was/were] used to create the
atomic bomb.
22
Where were you born?
Jesús:
Kanagui:
Jesús:
Kanagui:
Jesus:
Kanagui:
Jesus:
Kanagui:
Jesus:
Kanagui:
Where were you born, Kanagui?
I was born in Japan.
Oh really? So you weren’t born in the U.S.
No, I came here in 1985.
Hmmm. You were very young.
Yes, I was 12 years old.
Was San Francisco the first place you lived in?
No, I lived in Los Angeles, first.
Your English is really good!
Thanks!
Sentences with the past of be
I
You
He
We
They
was
born in Japan
I
were very young
You
was 12 years old
were born the same year
were
wasn’t
weren’t
born in Mexico
very old
He wasn’t
in school
We weren’t born in the same place
in Japan in 1984
They weren’t
in the U.S. in 1984
Kanagui is talking about his family. Choose the correct form of the verb
be.
My family and I
(were/was) all born in Japan.
We
(were/weren’t) born in the U.S., I
(was/were) born in Okinawa, and my brother
(was/were) in Nagasaki, but the rest of my family
(was/ were) born in capital, Kyoto.
Where were you born?
I was born in Japan
When was she born?
She was born in 1990
What city were they born in?
They were born in Kyoto.
23
.
Answer the questions and then practice the following dialogues, you decide
to answer negative or affirmative. Check on previous box for possible
answers
a) Were you born in this city?
b)
a) Where were you born?
b)
a)
Was your mother born in
Mexico?
b)
a)
Were you and your family
in this city last year?
b)
a)
Were you at this school last
year?
b)
a)
Where
born?
b)
a) When
b) I
1906
1817
1982
2006
your father
you born?
born in
How to read years
Nineteen oh six
Eighteen seventeen
Nineteen eighty-two
Two thousand and six
24
Tema:
Yes/no Questions, in the past
• Where…? When…?
• Yes/No Questions; in the past
• Interrogative words
Unidad:
1
El alumno describirá las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con preguntas utilizando el Verbo To-Be
(pasado).
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno aplicará lo aprendido del Verbo To-Be
(pasado) para hacer preguntas interrogativas y/o
responder a ellas de manera simple.
El alumno se comportará con respeto y tolerancia con
sus pares y con el profesor
establecidos.
• Sigue instrucciones y procedimientos de manera reflexiva comprendiendo
como cada uno de sus pasos contribuye al alcance de un objetivo.
manera reflexiva.
• Expresa ideas y conceptos en forma escrita de manera clara, coherente y
creativa enana legua extranjera.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
25
INTERROGATIVE WORDS:
WHEN
WHERE
WHY
to ask about TIME
to ask about PLACE
to ask about REASON (the answer is because)
With the following pictures and clues, take as example the previous
exercise, and build your own questions and answer them, give the precise
year and town.
Grandmother / born / ? (Ask for the place)
Where was your grandmother born?
She was born in Hermosillo
Father / a baseball player/ ? (Ask for the time) When
was your father a baseball player?
He was a baseball player in 1972
You / in swimming classes /? / (Ask for the time)
Your brother / this school / (Ask for the time)
Julia Roberts / born /? (Ask for the place)
26
Salma Hayek / famous /? (Ask for the time)
Luis Miguel / good singer/? (Ask for the time)
Gael Garcia / born /? (Ask for the time)
Shakira / in school / 2006 / was / ?
WRITING SECTION: Develop your own story; talk about your past and your family
history. Write and share with others, explain: Where is your family coming from?
Where were they some years ago? You can invent it! If you want.
27
Tema:
Unidad:
Information Questions using interrogative words:
• What…? How….?
• Did, was and were
1
El alumno identificará las reglas y orden gramaticales
para formar preguntas informativas y/o responder a
ellas.
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno practicará lo aprendido para hacer
preguntas informativas y/o responder a ellas.
establecidos.
manera reflexiva.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
• Conoce aspectos elementales sobre el origen y desarrollo de una lengua
extranjera, y los interpreta en el marco de la diversidad lingüística y
cultural.
28
Unscramble the questions about your school days.
1.
was your of school
how first day ?
2.
your was
teacher
who favorite
3.
favorite
class what
4.
your
best
was
who friend?
5.
old
how
were
you
your was
?
?
?
Shakira
Singer
Colombia
Feb. 2, 1977
Roberto Clemente
Baseball player
1934-1972
Puerto Rico
Salma Hayek
Actress
Sept. 2, 1966
Mexico
Write the information of the famous people you see. Study the example.
1. Bruce Lee was an actor. He was born in 1940 in the U.S.A.
2.
3.
4.
29
EXERCISE Verb BE IN THE PAST TENSE.
Read the following sentences and choose the correct form of the verb BE in the past
form.
1. The taxes on his car (was, were) high.
2. His driver's license (was, were) old.
3. A red and yellow bird (was, were) sitting in that tree.
4. One of my friends (was, were) sick.
5. Half of the food (was, were) in the refrigerator.
6. Half of the candy bars (was, were) on the bag.
7. December and January (was, were) usually the coldest months of the year.
8. There (was, were) a problem with my car.
9. July and August (was, were) usually the coldest months of the year.
10. Almost two-thirds of Baja California (was, were) desert.
11. There (was, were) a lot of dogs on the street.
12. Fifty minutes (was, were) the time for the exam.
13. Chapter One and Chapter Two (was, were) easy.
14. The children's new toy (was, were) already broken.
15. Many books (was, were) required for that course.
16. Where (were/was) the knives and forks?
17. What time (was/were) your flight?
18. The traffic (was/were) really bad yesterday.
19. How often (was/were) you late last month?
20. There (was/were) a lot of people here.
21. My son and my daughter (was/were) students last year.
22. I (was/were) satisfied with my score.
23. I (was/were) really hungry. And you?
24. Your mother looks very young. How old (was/were) she?
25. (was/were) you thirsty?
26. My apartment had only one bedroom. It (was/were) very small.
27. There (was/were) my homework.
28. My friend Maria (was/were) always late. It's a bad habit.
30
Where did you grow up?
Minerva: Where did you grow up Christopher?
Christopher: I grew up in Rome
Minerva: When did you come to San Diego?
Christopher: I came here in 2004
Minerva: Where did you learn English?
Christopher: I went to school in New York for 3 years.
Minerva: Well… your English is very good now! Did
you go to college in New York?
Christopher: Yes, I went to college in New York.
Minerva: What was your major in college?
Christopher: My major was accounting.
Minerva: That’s interesting!
Grammar Point
-Wh Questions with: Did, Was, Were
Where did you grow up?
I grew up in Rome.
Where did you learn English?
I learnt in New York.
When did you come to San Diego? I came in 2004.
How old were you?
What was your major degree?
Where was your mother born?
I was twenty years old.
It was accounting
She was born in Sonora
Ronaldinho
Ronaldinho de Assis Moreira was born on March 21st., 1980 in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
He helped Brazil win the World under-17 Championship in Egypt. During the competition he was scouted
by local club Gremio and signed his first professional contract. In 1999, after hitting 15 goals in 14
games for Gremio, Ronaldinho won his first senior cup for Brazil against Latvia.
In 2001 he left Gremio for Paris St. Germain (PSG) but was unable to make his debut because of
contract rows, until 3 months later when FIFA stepped in.
In 2002 Ronaldinho was voted France’s player of the month for January after hitting 6 goals in 7 games
for PSG. Ronaldinho won the World Cup with Brazil, playing in the final against Germany.
In the 2003 summer transfer market he rejected Manchester United to join Spanish side Barcelona for
£21m.
In December he was named best player in the world for 2004 by FIFA beating Shevchenko and Henry to
first place.
In November 2005 Ronaldinho was named 2005 European Footballer of the Year - the award known as
the Ballon D'Or is voted for by European football journalists selected by French magazine France Football.
31
Write down the correct question for each answer on the right column
March 21 1980
Porto Alegre, Brazil.
In 1999
In the summer of 2003
In November 2004
Adrián Fernández
Birth date: April 20, 1965
Birth place: Mexico City
He started racing Motocross at age of 8. He was very young when his love for racing started,
watching his uncles. He was 16 years old when he participated on his first race “24 hours of
Mexico”
In 1983, he was champion of Vee Marlboro Formula and he also participated on the 1600 Ford
Formula and was named “The Rocky of the year”. In 1987, he left Mexico and went to Europe to
continue as pilot, he also run on the Benelux Championship. On 1990 he went back to Mexico to
participate on Formula 3 and he was sub- champion.
On 1994, he was the only pilot for Galles Racing International team, and competed on 16 events.
He was among the ten tops best pilots
Get together in teams of two, read the information about Adrian Fernandez, now let’s
pretend that one of you is Adrian, and the other one is a journalist who is interviewing
Adrian. The journalist has to think about the questions he can ask, and Adrian has to
read and pay attention on his information so he can answer correctly. This is an oral
practice, so don’t write any thing: SPEAK!!!
VOCABULARY
Major Degree: main course or subject of a student at college or university.
Learnt: Past tense of Learn- To get knowledge, irregular verb, sometimes is conjugated as learned
Scouted: To observe and evaluate (a talented person), as for possible hiring.
Award: Something awarded or granted, as for merit.
Journalist (s) a person collecting, writing, editing, and presenting of news or news articles in newspapers and
magazines and in radio and television
32
Tema:
Irregular verbs in the past
Unidad:
1
EL alumno conocerá algunos verbos irregulares en
pasado
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno enlistará y clasificará los verbos irregulares
en pasado para construír oraciones y expresar hechos
o acciones en el pasado.
establecidos.
manera reflexiva.
• Asume una actitud constructiva, congruente con los conocimientos y
habilidades con los que cuenta dentro de distintos equipos de trabajo.
• Localiza y ordena distintos datos, ideas y conceptos expresados o implícitos
en un texto.
creativa.
extranjera, recurriendo a conocimientos previos, pistas no verbales, patrones
de entonación y contexto cultural.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
33
IRREGULAR VERBS
PRESENT PAST
I went
shopping
last month.
He stole the
bank last
night
Be am/is/are
Bring
Become
Buy
Come
Do
Drive
Eat
Feel
Fly
Get
Give
Go
Have
Know
Leave
Make
Meet
Was / were
Brought
Became
Bought
Came
Did
Drove
Ate
Felt
Flew
Get
Gave
Went
Had
Knew
Left
Made
Met
Last summer, they
swam in the lake
34
PRESENT PAST
Pay
Read
Ride
Run
Say
See
Sell
Sing
Steal
Sit
Speak
Swim
Take
Teach
Think
Understand
Wear
Write
Paid
Read
Rode
Ran
Said
Saw
Sold
Sang
Stole
Sat
Spoke
Swam
Took
Taught
Thought
Understood
Wore
Wrote
Tema:
Questions about the past
Unidad:
2
EL estudiante responderá preguntas sobre el pasado
y relatará hechos del pasado
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizará el auxiliar did para construír
oraciones en pasado y responder preguntas sobre el
pasado.
matemáticas o graficas
• Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas mediante
métodos establecidos.
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas a partir de metodos
establecidos.
manera reflexiva.
• Localiza y ordena distintos datos, ideas y conceptos expresados o implícitos
en un texto.
creativa.
extranjera, recurriendo a conocimientos previos, pistas no verbales, patrones
de entonación y contexto cultural.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
35
Yes/No
QUESTIONS IN PAST
Did he steal the bank last night?
Did you go shopping last month?
Did they swim in the lake last summer?
No, he didn’t.
Yes, I did.
No, they didn’t
INFORMATION QUESTION IN THE PAST
What did you do last night?
Where did you swim last summer?
What did you eat last weekend?
I went shopping.
We swam in the lake
I ate pizza and spaghetti
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS IN PAST
A man didn’t steal the bank last night.
I didn’t go shopping last month.
36
See the previous examples above, and with the following pictures, compose a
new sentence in the past, give a short answer accordingly. Check the verb
form on the chart
Angela / Fly / Europe / last winter
Did Angela fly to Europe last winter?
Yes, she did.
Dulce and Cesar / eat / tamales / last Christmas
Jose
/ Sell / cars / last year
Carey / meet /customers /last year
Alfonso / Give / paint / last week
37
Observe the following pictures, use the verb given, and additional
instructions to write a question and answer.
Teach (interrogative sentence)
What did Teresa do last semester?
She taught math last semester.
Cook (interrogative sentence)
Give (Negative statement)
Read (Interrogative statement)
TIME EXPRESSION IN THE PAST
Yesterday
Last year
From March to June
For 6 weeks
In the last century
Three weeks ago
In 2002
For a long time
In the 1980s
In the past
38
Tema:
Regular verbs in the past
Unidad:
2
EL estudiante reconocerá algunos verbos regulares
en pasado, asi como algunas reglas de escritura
¨spelling¨y pronunciación.
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizará los verbos regulares en pasado
para construír oraciones y expresar hechos o
acciones en el pasado.
mediante la utilizacion de medios, codigos y herramientas apropiados.
• Expresa ideas y conceptos mediante representaciones linguisticas,
matematicas o graficas.
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas mediante metodos
establecidos.
comprendidendo como cada uno de sus pasos contribuye al alcance de
un objetivo.
Participa y colabora de manera efectyiva en equipos diversos.
manera reflexiva.
implicitos en un texto.
creativa.
patrones de entonacion y contexto cultural.
extranjera.
• Elabora textos simples en una lengua extranjera para diversos propositos
comunicativos.
39
REGULAR VERBS
There are two types of verbs in English, IRREGULAR: because they change
dramatically their spelling when are used in past tense. There are no rules to the past.
REGULAR: They are call regular because they keep its form when used in the past
tense. However, they follow some the rules to move into past:
1 To most verbs add:
Dance
Cook
Paint
-
“ed” at the end.
Danced
Cooked
Painted
2 Verbs ending in “Y” preceded by a consonant,
change “y” for “i” and add “ed”
Study
Studied
Cry
Cried
Carry
Carried
Try
Tried
3 Verbs ending in “y” preceded by a vowel, keep the
“y” and add “ed”
Play
Pray
-
played
prayed
4 Verbs ending in a consonant-vowel-consonant,
double the last consonant and add “ed”
Omit
Skip
Plan
Cancel
-
omitted
skipped
planned
cancelled
PRONUNCIATION NOTE:
Verbs ending
– p – k – s – ch – sh – f – x – h - pronounce ED as “T”
Stopped, asked, kissed, watched, washed, laughed, fixed
– l – v – n – m – r – b – v – g – w – y – z – and vowel
sounds (diphthongs) pronounce ED as “D”
Agreed, cancelled, moved, explained, welcomed, believed,
snowed, studied, realized
T or D pronounce ED as “ID” Example: Needed, accepted,
afforded, attended, arrested, collected, contacted,
40
What did you do?
1 catch
catched
catch
Caught
2 get
got
get
gought
3 fit
fit
fought
fat
4 set
set
sat
sought
5 drink
drink
drank
drunk
6 have
have
hove
had
7 bring
brought
bringed
brang
8 cut
cutted
caught
cut
9 find
found
fand
find
10 teach
teach
teached
taught
From the following verb list, underline the
correct past form of the Irregular verb
On the following story, fill in the blanks using the verb
in parenthesis on its past tense form.
Shakira is perhaps the most recognizable voice in Latin pop/rock
(be) only 8, she
today. When she
(write) her
first song called "Tus gafas oscuras",
(dedicate) to her father. Two years later, she
(win) local and
national talent contests. By 13, she had signed a record deal with
Sony in Colombia, which (result) in her first album, "Magia
(write)
(Magic)", a compilation of songs she
between 8 and 13 years old.
She was chosen to represent her country at the Festival OTI in
Spain. But she was under the minimum age of 16 and she
(can not) participate. So instead, Shakira
(record) a second album of original material,
"Peligro (Danger)". At that point, Shakira
break from music,
(take) a
_(graduate) from high school
(at age 15-really) and
(come) back with a
vengeance. The result was the phenomenally successful "Pies
(sell) more than four million
Descalzos" which
copies worldwide.
In addition, this determined girl
(want) to try her
luck as an actress in "Oasis", a soap opera, but she
(think) music was her life instead of TV. Then
(begin) to be very popular: the
she
Colombian government
(designate) Shakira as
an official goodwill ambassador.
Goodwill: friendly helpful feelings towards other.
Caught, got, fit, set, drank had, brought, cut, found, taught
41
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
show
showied
Showed
showwed
permit
permitied
permited
permitted
bathe
bathied
bathed
bathhed
rely
relied
relyed
rellyed
play
plaied
played
playyed
fail
failied
failed
failled
trap
trapied
traped
trapped
marry
married
marryed
marryyed
share
sharied
shared
sharred
depart
departied
departed
departted
From the following verb list, underline the
correct past form of the Regular verb there
is only one correct answer…
My grandfather had a very exciting life. When he was young, he
(live) on a farm in the Mexico. His parents
(raise) cattle, and he
(look) after the cows. When he
was eighteen, he went to university, where he
(play) the guitar in a mariachi band.
Medicine. He also
When the war started, he
Force, but he
(study)
(go) to join the Army
(end) ship. In the Atlantic, a German
(rip) a hole in the side of his ship, and the ship
torpedo
(escape). They
sank. Only five men
(sail) in a lifeboat back to Spain. Then he met my grandmother,
and they
(marry) after only three weeks. He says
now that he
(want) to marry her very quickly in
(die) in the war.
case he
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pasted2.htm
Speaking: Talking about Past Actions
1. Tell your partner or classmates what you did yesterday. Remember to use
past tense.
2. Ask your partner what he/she did last weekend. Respond with related
questions.
1. What did you do last Friday?
2. Where did you go?
3. When did you get back?
4. Where did you stay?
5. What did Mario have for lunch?
6. What did he eat last night?
7. How was the weather?
3. Tell about a childhood experience.
http://www.eslgold.com/speaking/ss_talking_past_actions.html
Showed, permitted, bathed, relied, played, failed, married, shared, departed
42
What did you do?
WORD ORDER: Place the following broken
sentences in order
1. everything / They / ate /!
They ate everything!
2. checked/I/bags/holiday/we/before/left/on the/.
3. Chicago/last/She/to/week/./went
4. late/I/to/arrived/yesterday/class/./
5. free/time/What/do/your/last/in/you/weekend/did/?
6. bank/father/My/in a/year/last/./worked
7. car/I/mom’s/a/drove/my
8. yesterday/He/watch/evening/./didn’t/TV
43
9.
music/hear/you/the/?/Did
10.
last/you/in/Did/Italy/year/?/live
11.
table/Were/on/books/the/?/the
12.
office/the/open/post/?/is
Read the following sentences, choose a verb from
the box on the right and fill in the blanks.
Yesterday evening, I
I
a very good film.
It
Robert de Niro.
It
about a gangster.
He
to the cinema.
another gangster in the head and killed him.
After the cinema, I went to MacDonald's and
I also
I
a milk shake.
to bed quite late.
However, I
I
and
I
It
I
up early this morning.
dressed quickly
at work early.
the first person to arrive at work.
very calm and peaceful.
me eyes for a few moments.
And
back to sleep again!
When everybody else
I
up.
My boss
very happy with me.
Because he
He
.
I had worked all night!
me a bonus.
44
a hamburger.
WENT (3),
SAW (1), WAS
(4), THOUGHT
(1) WOKE (1),
ARRIVED (2),
GOT (2),
CLOSED (1),
HAD (2),
STARTED (1),
SHOOT (1)
Change the verbs in the following sentences into
past tense. Using your notebook, rewrite the sentences changing
the verb to the past tense form.
1. Yesterday, I go to the restaurant with a client.
2. We drive around the parking lot for 20 minutes looking a parking space.
3. When we arrive at the restaurant, the place is full.
4. The waitress asks us if we have reservations.
5. I say, "No, my secretary forgets to make them."
6. The waitress tells us to come back in two hours.
7. My client and I walk back to the car.
8. Then we see a small grocery store.
9. We stop in the grocery store and buy some sandwiches.
10. That is better than waiting for two hours.
11. Last night, Samantha have pizza for supper.
12. My pet lizard die last month.
13. Yesterday I spend two hours cleaning my living room.
14. This morning, Jack eats two bowls of cereal.
15. What happen to your leg?
45
Answer the following questions, with “YES”, using the past
tense of the verb.
1. Did Juan choose the black tie? _Yes, Juan chose the black tie._
2. Did Mary hang her coat in the closet?
3. Did the farmer feed his pigs?
4. Did Jorge write his father a letter?
5. Did you make that table?
6. Did the driver hear the policeman?
7. Did the driver see the policeman?
8. Did Susana pay for your dinner?
9. Did Pedro lose the ball game?
10. Did the student understand the question?
46
Puzzle
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------------------------|3
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------------------------------|
|xxxxx|xxxxx|4
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|xxxxx|xxxxx|
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|xxxxx|xxxxx|
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------------------------|
|xxxxx|xxxxx|
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|xxxxx|xxxxx|
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|xxxxx|xxxxx|
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------------------------------|5
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-------
ACROSS
DOWN
2. Past of blow
3. Past of cost
5. Past of throw
1. Past of beat
2. Past of bring
4. Past of see
My grandfather had a very exciting life. When he was young, he
country. His parents
(raise) cattle, and he
eighteen, he went to university, where he
(look) after the cows. When he was
(study) Philosophy. He also
trumpet in a jazz band. When the war started, he
(escape). They
England. Then he met my grandmother, and they
that he
(play) the
(try) to join the Air Force, but he
(end) up in the Navy. In the Atlantic, a German torpedo
ship, and the ship sank. Only five men
(live) on a farm in the
(rip) a hole in the side of his
(sail) in a lifeboat back to
(marry) after only three weeks. He says now
(want) to marry her very quickly in case he
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pasted2.htm
47
(die) in the war.
I WILL SURVIVE
By Gloria Gaynor
At first I
afraid; I
petrified,
Kept thinking I
never live without you by my side,
But then I
so many nights thinking how you
me wrong,
And I
strong, and learned how to get along.
So you're back, from outer space
I just
in to find you here with that sad look upon your face,
I should have
that stupid lock,
I should have
you leave your key,
If I'd
for just one second you'd be back to bother me,
Oh and now GO! Walk out the door! Just turn around now,
'Cause you're not welcome anymore!
to break me with goodbyes,
Weren't you the one who
You think I'd crumble, You think I'd lay down and die?
No, not I, I will survive...oh as long as I know how to love,
I know I am still alive.
I got all my life to live, and I got all my love to give,
I will survive, hey, hey!
It
all the strength I
not to fall apart,
Now I am trying hard to mend the pieces of my broken heart,
oh so many nights just feeling sorry for myself,
I
I
to cry, but now I hold my head up high,
And you see me, somebody new. I am not that chained up
little person still in love with you, and so you
just
like dropping in and just expect me to be free,
Now I am saving all my loving for someone who's loving me
Oh and now GO! Walk out the door! Just turn around now,
'Cause you're not welcome anymore!
Weren't you the one who
to break me with goodbyes,
You think I'd crumble, You think I'd lay down and die?
No, not I, I will survive, Oh as long as I know how to love,
I know I am still alive,
I got all my life to live, and I got all my love to give,
I will survive, oh yeah!
BE (2), CAN, SPEND (2) DO, GROW, WALK, CHANGE, MAKE, KNOW, TRY (2), TAKE, HAVE,
USE, FEEL
http://www.isabelperez.com/survive.htm
48
Tema:
What could you do?
Unidad:
2
EL estudiante identificará y conocerá algunos
verbos irregulares en pasado
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizará los verbos irregulares en
pasado para construir oraciones y expresar
hechos o acciones en el pasado.
El alumno reconocerá la importancia de
expresarse con propiedad en un idioma extranjero
El alumno se comportará con respeto y tolerancia
con sus pares y con el profesor
matemáticas o graficas
• Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas mediante
métodos establecidos.
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas a partir de
metodos establecidos.
comprendiendo como cada uno de sus pasos contribuye al alcance
de un objetivo.
• Aporta puntos de vista con apertura y considera los de otras personas
de manera reflexiva.
implícitos en un texto.
• Expresa ideas y conceptos en forma escrita de manera clara, coherente
y creativa.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
49
WHAT COULD YOU DO?
COULD
Is the past form of CAN the ability to do things.
How to use COULD to Express
™ ABILITY in the past
Affirmative
He could speak English when he was young.
I could read and write when I was four years old.
I could run the marathon
She could swim in cold water
They could cut a tree in two minutes.
Negative
I couldn’t build that house
He couldn’t open the door
You couldn’t find the treasure
We couldn’t drive a car when we were children
There are other usages for this Modal Auxiliary:
™ POSSIBILITY in the past
™ PERMISSION in the past
We will study them later...
50
COULD
EXAMPLE: Juan was accepted at Medical School and Law School. Both
gave him a scholarship. Bernardo could go Medical School but He wants
to be a Lawyer.
What is the ability on the following sentences?
1. Sofia taught math when she was young.
She could teach math when she was young.
2. Armando answered three phones at the same time
He couldn’t answer three phones at the same time.
3. Delia and her husband danced tango many years ago.
4. Aglael took music lessons last year.
5. Lety and Christopher cooked carne asada in 5 minutes.
6. Dulce found anything you need on the internet.
7. Laura didn’t know how to use a computer last year.
8. Angela didn’t read fast last year.
1. We didn’t know how to speak English
2. Cesar Jr. didn’t know how to walk last year.
51
Tema:
Modal Auxiliary verb Could
Unidad:
1
El estudiante conocerá las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con el uso del auxiliar Could para
expresar una capacidad, una posibilidad, o un
permiso.
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno practicará lo aprendido del auxiliar Could
en (pasado) para comunicarse en lo que se hubiera
podido, lo que se podría hacer; lo que hubiera podido
ocurrir, lo que podría suceder.
• Maneja las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para obtener
información y expresar ideas.
• Identifica las ideas clave en un texto e infiere conclusiones a partir de
ellas.
creativa.
• Evalúa el lenguaje como una herramienta para interpretar y representar la
realidad que estructura nuestras percepciones y experiencias diarias.
extranjera, y los interpreta en el marco de la diversidad lingüística.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
52
Introduction
Could is the past form of CAN and is the ability to do things.
The student will practice in everyday life when is he, expressing, after study understand
the modal Could and negative form also in occasions depending on the context Could
indicates one possibility, a capacity, an option and situations can also be used to ask
favors.
Grammar Focus
Positive and Negative form (Modal Verb could)
Pronouns (Subject)
Modal Verb
Infinitivo without to
I
you
|
|
|
|
|
|
COULD/COULDN’T
VERB - Simple form
(DANCE)
He
She
It
|
We
|
|
You
|
They
Couldn´t is the contraction of could not.
Note When we use the past you must to use could followed by the infinitive
past
When we use the past you must to use could followed by the infinitive past
You could have talked to a doctor
Or infinitive without to
Luisa could dance yesterday.
53
Examples
Affirmative for to express capacity (=be able to):
He could speak English when he was young.
Negative
I couldn’t build that house.
Ability in the past:
I could always beat you at tennis when we were kids.
For to express permission depending of the context in past, present or future:
when we use the past you must to use could followed by the infinitive past
You could have talked to a doctor
Permission in present and future
Could I have a look at your dictionary now o
Could I have a look at your photos tomorrow?
Present possibility:
We could always spend the afternoon just sitting around talking.
Possibility or ability in contingent circumstances
If he studied harder, he could pass this course.
For some reason we couldn’t play football soccer in the school field, but today we can.
We often use could in a question to ask somebody to do something. The use of could in this
way is fairly polite (formal): Could you tell me where the bank is, please?
In the questions of yes or no with could use in polite way.
Could you open your window please?
54
Task
What is the ability on the following sentences?
1. Sofia taught math when she was young.
She could teach math when she was young.
2. Armando answered three phones at the same time
He couldn’t answer three phones at the same time.
3. Delia and her husband danced tango many years ago.
4. Samantha took music lessons last year.
5. Reyna and Luis cooked carne asada in 5 minutes.
6. Dulce found anything you need on the internet.
7. Esmeralda didn’t know how to use a computer last year.
8. Angela didn’t read fast last year.
1. We didn’t know how to speak English
2. Cesar Jr. didn’t know how to walk last year.
55
Change the following sentences using 'could' (Possibility)
1. We have the opportunity to play tennis now.
2. We are free to study our English lesson tomorrow morning.
3. Do you have time to help me buy a birthday gift for Jane?
4. Carlos & Lina were able to spend long time visiting the museums.
5. Hector y Betty have time to take a long drive in the country.
6. They didn’t rent a DJ for our Christmas party.
7. They heard the music they liked.
8. We didn’t have a dog when we were young.
9. They didn’t approve the final test.
10. They didn’t arrive on time, they lose their flight
3. Andres was invited to his friend’s wedding.
56
Choose the correct answer. Fill the gaps when you’ve checked your answers.
1I
remember his name.
solve this.
6 You
A
was
A
could
B
couldn’t
B
could to
C
red herring
C
is
2 Diana
A
could play
B
can to play
C
eats
the piano.
come on holiday
3 She
next month if her parents give her
permission.
A
can't
B
could
C
could to
4 They
was too bad.
A
couldn't
B
can't
C
could to
go. The weather
buy any thing, but I
5 I
don’t have any money.
do it
7 Sorry, Teacher. I
yet.
A
wasn't
B
couldn't
C
could to
8 He
he studied harder.
A
can to
B
could to
C
could
get any fish.
9 They
A
could to
B
couldn’t
C
wasn't
10 I’m sorry, We
the party.
A
can't to
A
couldn't
B
am not
B
Can’t to
C
could
C
will can't
57
pass the exam if
go to
Exercises
Write sentences about yourself. Use could or couldn’t.
Short Answers
Yes, (I you he she it we they) could ———– No, (I you he she
it we they) could/couldn’t
Could you swim last month?
1.________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________
4.________________________________________________________________
5.________________________________________________________________
6.________________________________________________________________
58
Pair work
Could you do me a favor?
Time to speak
Talk about these questions
Which of these favors ask you most? Which you ask the least?
What are two other favors that you dislike being asked?
Imagine that your best friend asked you all these favors; what would you say in each situation?
Lend me
your
toothbrush
Let me use
your car for
a weekend
Let me see
your exam
Could you…?
Lend me
some money
Make me my
homework
Let me stay
at your house
for a year
59
Process
The student has to research for additional information in internet and books about the
modal could.
In this chart you can put the information you found in your research.
Affirmative
Negative
Ability
in the
past
Past or
future
permission
Present
possibility
Requests
Possibility or
ability in
contingent
circumstances
Look at the next links to find the information needed; you can start gathering useful information
from the websites and look for others websites.
http://www.ssdd.bcu.ac.uk/learner/Grammar%20Guides/3.07%20Modals.htm
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/auxvb.html
http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/freeexercises.htm#MODAL
60
Evaluation
Category
&
Score
Beginning 1
Developing 2
Very Good 3
Exemplary 4
Score
Test of Prior
Knowledge
The student
poorly recall the
concept about
Modal could
Auxiliary Verb
The student can
somewhat recall
the concept
about the Modal
could
could Auxiliary
Verb
The student is
able to recall
well the concept
about the could
Auxiliary Verb
The student
completely
recall the
concept about
Modal
could
Auxiliary Verbs
%20
Reading the
Notes
The student did
not read the
notes found in
the following
links provided
for she/he
The student
scan the notes
found in the
following links
provided for
she/he
The student
read the notes
completely
found in the
following links
provided for
she/he
The student
read the notes
found in the
following links
provided for
he/se
%25
Differentiating
Affirmative
Present
possibility
Past or future
permission
Students just
read the
handout
provided for
he/she
Students read
the handout
provided for
he/she
Students have
read and
understood the
handouts
provided for
he/she
Students have
fully read and
mastered the
handout
provided for
he/she
%30
The students
got 1% - 25% of
the total score
in the task
activity
The students
got 25% - 50%
of the total score
in the task
activity
The students
got 50% - 75%
of the total score
in the task
activity
The students
got 75% 100% of the
total score in
the task
activity
%25
Negative
Ability in the
past
Possibility or
ability in
contingent
circumstances
Exercises
Total Score:
%100
NOTE: Is important to know that in second semester students focus in the modal auxiliary verb could in past, but it is not a
bad idea that the students know all this forms of the modal auxiliary verb could. This is only a suggestion if the teacher
consider the use of the modal auxiliary verb could only in the past form, she/he are going to teaching in the correct way
too.
61
REFERENCIA
Título: Lado English series
Autor: Robert Lado
Lugar: University of Michigan
Editorial: Englewood Cliffs, Jersey 07632
Edición: Printed in the United States of America
Página: 98
Auxiliar \"Could\"
http://images.google.com.mx/images?um=1&hl=es&lr=&safe=active&rlz=1G1G
GLQ_ESMX302&q=fotografia+de+persona+hablando+por+telefono&start=20&sa=
N&ndsp=20
Auxiliar \"Could\"
http://www.wikilearning.com/curso_gratis/1000_palabras_usadas_y_gramat
ica-condicional_could/26255-16
Auxiliar \"Could\"
http://aprendeinglesenutah.wordpress.com/2008/11/11/lesson-18-can-coul
d-and-be-able-to-modal-verbs-i/
Modal verb Can and Could - ability
http://www.inglestotal.com/modal-verb-can-and-could-ability-lesson-14/
62
It could happen to you!
Betty: What’s wrong with you Hector?
Hector: I’m very tired! I worked all night long!
Betty: Really? Why was that?
Hector: Well, I was finishing my homework,
when suddenly, the light went off!
Betty: Oh my god! And what happened?
Hector: You’re not going to believe! I didn’t save
my job. I was finishing it. So, I had to start it over
again!!!
Betty: No kidding? That’s awful!
Hector: I know! That’s why I worked all night!
Betty: I’m sorry to hear that.
PAST CONTINUOUS vs SIMPLE PAST
Past Continuous is an interrupted action by another action in the past.
I was working
She was finishing her homework
when The light went off.
and
I started again.
They were fishing in the lake when It started to rain.
We were watching TV
but
We fell asleep.
You were playing soccer when I saw the accident
63
Read the following story, and change the verb given in parenthesis to the
past tense.
Sergio and Maggie_
(watch) TV last night, when their children
_(come) and
(interrupt) them, they
(want)
(be) tired and
(not want) to
to go to the movies; but Sergio,
drive all the way to down town.
(plan) to stay home. But Hugo, the oldest son,
It was Friday night, and the parents
(propose) that Maggie could drive. But Maggie
(say) no. Andres
(play) Nintendo,
(cook) dinner. So, she
(not like) to go with Hugo.
and
Read the following story; fill in the gaps using the given verbs to complete
the sentence, and then continue with your own end to the story.
GO (3) / NOT LIKE /BE (3) / FEEL / RAIN / NOT BE / HAVE/ TRY / CRY
Last weekend, Carmela
Others". Carmela
to the cinema to see "The
it because it
about
ghosts and she is afraid of them. When she
home with her friend Lola, she
There
anyone. It
very strange.
a noise behind them, but they could not see
a lot and there
any taxis on the street, so they
to go home walking. The noise
still behind them and while they
lights on the street
to see what or who it
out and they
minutes.
Do you know what happened next?
64
, the
for five
EXERCISE… Complete the sentences using the past simple and
past continuous of the verb given. Remember one action was in
progress, (continuing), when it was interrupted (past simple)
1. I went
(go) to the mall after school, while I was walking(walk),
I saw (see) my Math teacher.
2. My brother
3.
he
4. Alex
5.
meeting? No they
6. We
7.
it
(see) a bear an hour ago, it
(try) to go inside his car.
(do) Mike visit his grandmother last night? No,
(visit) his girlfriend.
(not work), last weekend. He
(travel) to his mother’s town.
(be) Ofelia and Lorena at last month's
(take) swimming lessons.
(watch) a beautiful movie, but we (be)
not happy after the sad ending.
(do) you see Javier's new dog yesterday? Yes,
(run) down the street.
8. Sorry, I
(not hear) you at the door. I
(take) a shower.
9. I
_(study) English for two years while I
(finish) my major.
10. What
(eat)
sick.
(do) you eat for lunch yesterday? We
some hotdogs, when we started to feel
11. My brother and Sonia
yesterday, when it (start)
(play) tennis at 11am
to rain.
65
12.
(be) you still working at 7pm last night? Yes, I
(get) for this meeting.
13. At 8.30am today I
(get) a flat tired.
14. We
someone
15. I
(drive) to work and I
(sleep) at 11pm. When
(knock) at the door.
(meet) John in town yesterday. He
(buy) a present for his daughter’s birthday.
16. Maria
(wait) for me when I
(arrive).
17. I
(take) a shower when I
18. I
19. Paul
(not/know) what to say when he (ask)
the question.
(not plan) enough activities, his girlfriend
(break) with him.
66
BUILD YOUR OWN STORY!!! Look at the pictures that follow,
and tell what happened
DIVING
SKIING
BROKE ARM
STEAL
PUNCH ME
HOLD ME
67
now, build your own story, what do you
think happened and was happening on each picture?
EXERCISE…
68
69
Tema:
Countable and uncountable nouns
Unidad:
2
EL alumno conocerá algunos sustantivos contables y
los diferenciará de los no contables
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizará e identificará los sustantivos
contables y no contables para poder expresar
cantidades
Se expresa y se comunica
• Aplica distintas estrategias comunicativas según quienes sean sus
interlocutores, el contexto en el que se encuentra y los objetivos que
persigue.
• Se comunica en una segunda lengua en situaciones cotidianas.
Trabaja en forma colaborativa
• Propone maneras de solucionar un problema o desarrollar un proyecto en
equipo, definiendo un curso de acción con pasos específicos.
manera reflexiva.
extranjera.
70
HOW WAS YOUR HOMETOWN?
Frank: Where are you from Enriqueta?
Enriqueta: Oh! I’m from Rosarito in Baja California.
Frank: How was your hometown, when you left Enriqueta?
Enriqueta: Oh! It was beautiful, there were many parks and places to visit, but there was too
much traffic in downtown!
Frank: Were there enough signals to help control the traffic jam?
Enriqueta: Yes, there were; but there were too many business located there! and cars, pollute
the air. Now there is a lot of noise and too much smog.
Frank: The city should prohibit traffic in downtown to reduce pollution and people should use
more bicycles and fewer cars.
Enriqueta: People can also use the subway.
Frank: How many stations are there?
Enriqueta: There are two train stations in downtown; one of them is close to the mall where
you can find all kind of stores. It even has the biggest movie theater you can image. Many
people visit it.
Frank: In my home town there was only one Movie Theater it is also well visited by every body
in my town. But my town is a small one!!!
Traffic jam: long line of cars that can not move
Pollute, Pollution: Making the water, air, etc. dirty
Subway: Tunnel under a busy road, or train that is for people who are walking.
71
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns are for things we can count. They usually have a singular and
plural form.
Example:
a dog - two dogs
a horse - ten horses
a man - six men
a shop - the shops
an idea - some ideas
™ We use many to indicate a large number of items, and without counting.
™ We use “too...” to increase the number
™ WE USE “HOW MANY…” to make a question.
There were many cars in my city.
There are many buildings in downtown.
There are many houses for rent.
There are many dogs in the park.
There are too many Chinese restaurants in Mexicali.
There are too many boys at the movies.
How many taco stands are in Mexicali?
™ We use “A FEW” to reduce the number for countable nouns.
There are a few bicycles in the neighborhood
There are a few cats in the park
There are a few Japanese restaurants
There are a few museums
Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count
Example: tea, sugar, water, air, rice, dust.
™ They are used with a singular verb.
™ They usually do not have a plural form.
™ They are often the names for abstract ideas or
qualities.
We can not say: “sugars”, “angers”, “knowledges”
™ We use “too” to increase them
WE USE “HOW MUCH…” to make a question.
How much sugar is there?
How much butter is left?
WE USE “MUCH” TO INCREASE THE NUMBER
There is much traffic in my city
There is much pollution in my city.
There is much public transportation.
72
Continuation….
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
™ They are often the names for abstract ideas or qualities. Examples
of common uncountable nouns:
Money
Happiness
Research
Safety
Knowledge
Furniture
Sadness
Evidence
Beauty
Traffic
™ We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of one
of these nouns, use a word or expression like:
™ Some, a little, a lot of, a piece of, plenty, etc.
Some money
Some happiness
A little knowledge
a piece of furniture
a lot of evidence
™ Use ANY for questions or negative statements. For both
Countable and Uncountable nouns
Was there any happiness on his face?
Was there any evidence of the crime?
Is there any money left?
Is there any car outside your house?
Are there any complete windows?
NEGATIVE
There isn’t any complete window.
There wasn’t any bread left.
There weren’t any dogs in the park
73
Tema:
Units of measure
•Adverbs of quantity
Unidad:
2
El alumno identificará y clasificará las diferentes
unidades de medida
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizará adecuadamente las diferentes
unidades de medida
con propiedad en un idioma extranjero.
sus pares y con el profesor.
• Identifica las ideas clave en un texto o discurso oral e infiere conclusiones
a partir de ellas.
persigue.
creativa en una lengua extranjera.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
74
UNITS OF MEASURE
A cup: (cupful) The amount that a cup can hold
A bottle: glass or plastic container with a narrow neck for keeping liquids.
A Slice: A flat piece of food that is cut from a larger piece.
A bunch: a group of things of the same type grown together.
A bundle: to make or tie a number of things together.
A loaf: Bread baked in one piece (before it is cut in pieces, [slices])
Pinch: The amount of something you can pick up with your thumb and
your first finger
A pound: Measure of weight equal to 0.454 Grms.
Spoonful: The amount that a spoon can hold
Dozen: twelve units of something.
Half a dozen: six units of something.
Sofia: In my home town there are many tall
buildings.
Tony: My town doesn’t have any tall
buildings.
Yolanda: Are there too many streets in your town?
Mario: No, there aren’t too many.
Choose the correct word to show quantity, remember, Can you count
them? Use many, a few. You can’t? Use much, little
Restaurants / much / many / little
Traffic / many / much / little
75
Students / little / many / much
Telephones / little / many / much
Apple trees/ many / much / less
Traffic lights / many / much / little
Markets / many / much / little
Churches / many / much / a few
76
School transportation / many / much / little
COUNTABLE and UNCOUTABLE
Around the house
Is there enough butter in the refrigerator?
Yes, there is enough, there’s a pack of butter
Is there any rice at home?
Yes, there is a bowl of rice on the table
Is there enough milk for breakfast?
No, there isn’t any!
Adverbs of quantity…
Enough
Not to much
A little
More
Not enough
Plenty
Fewer
Less
77
Tema:
Is there…..? Are there…..?
Unidad:
2
El alumno
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno
El alumno mostrará disposición para trabajar con
limpieza y comportarse con respeto
persigue.
a partir de ellas.
• Evalúa el lenguaje como una herramienta para interpretar y representar la
realidad que estructura nuestras percepciones y experiencias diarias.
78
Answer the following questions using a unit of measure you learnt using Is
there….? Yes, there is…, Yes, there are…
Are there any grapes in the refrigerator? (bundle)
Yes, there are two bundles.
Is there enough celery for our salad? (One
bundle)
?
Is there any milk for my cereal? (Negative answer)
Is there any lettuce for lunch? (One head)
Are there any oranges on the refrigerator? (Pineapples)
Is there any bread? (Only half loaf)
Are there any eggs for breakfas
79
Tema:
Much…..? Many…..? or Any…..?
Unidad:
2
El alumno comprenderá el momento en el cual debe
poner en práctica el uso de Much, Many y Any.
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno relacionará el uso de Much, Many y Any
con ejemplos y ejercicios relacionados con la vida
cotidiana.
persigue.
a partir de ellas.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
80
Questions using: How much…? How many…? Answer the question using
the units of measure learnt.
How much bread do you need for your sandwich?
I need two slices of bread.
How much lemon do we need for the lemonade?
(A few slices)
How much meat is left for everybody?
(Enough)
How much cake do you want? (One piece)
How many pineapple slices do you need?
(A few)
How much milk do you need?
(Not too much)
81
We use“many” with countable nouns…
Many cars have satellite systems
I ate too many apples.
How many trees did you plant this weekend?
I don't know how many girls there are at our school.
…and “much” with uncountable nouns.
I don't have much money.
Our teacher gives us too much homework.
How much sugar do we have?
I don't know how much water I drank.
We use “a lot of”
with uncountable nouns and plural count nouns
I ate a lot of apples.
A lot of people like to swim at night.
That dog has a lot of fleas.
Mary bought a lot of furniture.
The man gave us a lot of advice.
Our teacher gave us a lot of homework.
http://www.eflnet.com/tutorials/muchmanyalotof.php
Can you count the following items? If you can’t, write: MUCH. If you can write MANY
1.
Many
students
2.
time
3.
money
4.
dollars
5.
wine
6.
children
7.
water
8.
fun
9.
dogs
10.
people
11.
rice
12.
sand
13.
coffee
14.
news
15.
furniture
82
Choose the correct word… If you can count,
use MANY if you can’t, use MUCH… if it’s negative or question, use ANY.
MUCH? MANY? Or ANY?
1. How
coffee do you drink?
2. Mark doesn't do
exercise.
3. I don't eat
meat.
4. Helen eats
fruit.
5. I don't know
people at work.
6. How
students are there in your class?
7. We need
bananas.
8. You can't buy
posters in this shop.
9. We haven't got
oranges at the moment.
10. Peter has bought
new books.
11. She always takes
sugar with her coffee.
12. I've seen
nice postcards in this souvenir shop.
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/some_any.htm
Complete the following sentences using the MUCH, MANY or A LOT
OF…, ANY, HOW MUCH, HOW MANY,
13. I don't have
money for lunch
14. There are
students
15. How
bread do we have in the kitchen?
16. I buy
bananas every week.
17. She doesn't like
18.
catsup on her French fries.
traffic is on the freeway now?
19. I have
friends in America.
20. We don't drink
21. There is
22.
orange juice.
cheese in the salad
milk do we need?
23. There isn’t
milk in the refrigerator.
24.
apples do you have?
25.
rice do we have?
26.
I ate
soup for dinner.
83
PROGRESS TEST. Read the following sentences, and fill in the
gaps the correct Word: many, much, enough, any, a lot
of, some of, too much, not too much, a little, a few,
1. There are
2. How
students at CECYTE Xochimilco.
ice cream do you want?
3. When he was a student, he didn't have
money?
4. Will you go to the store? We don't have
milk left
5. Perla is very popular. She has
6. There aren't
friends
students in the El Florido library tonight
7. Mr. Trillas doesn't like to give
8. Yolanda watches
homework
movies on the weekends.
9. Minerva’s apartment is almost empty. She doesn't own
10. Claudia bought too much furniture. she owns too
furniture
chairs
11. You can borrow money from your uncle. He has
money
12. You cannot borrow money from your brother. He only has
money.
13. Buy a new car. Your old car has
problems.
14. The classroom is almost empty. There are only
15. Julia eats toast with
people here.
butter.
16. The printer is expensive. It uses
ink.
17. Linda isn't very busy. She doesn't have
18. Laura has
19. Only
20. Hector had only
free time. She only has
time to finish this lesson.
ice cream would you like?
22. How
money does that cost?
24. Daniel has
homework.
the computers in the writing center are broken.
21. How
23. How
homework.
cars are in the parking lot?
books about literature.
84
Tema:
Plurals
Unidad:
2
El alumno conocerá ydistiguira los plurales regulares y
los irregulares
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno clasificará y direfenciará los plurales
regulares de los irregulares
persigue.
a partir de ellas.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
85
PLURALS…
Rule #1 The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun
S
Rule #2 Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch add - es.
glass
glasses
buzz
buzzes
box
boxes
dish
dishes
church
churches
IZ
Z
Rule #3 Nouns ending in - y preceded by a consonant change - y to - ies. Examples: lady, ladies;
city, cities; army, armies
Rule #4 Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel add - s. Example: boy, boys; day, days
Rule #5 Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant add es. Example: hero; heroes; potato:
potatoes, tomato: tomatoes
Rule #6 Some nouns ending in f or fe change f or fe to - ves. Example: beef, beeves; wife,
wives, knife-knives
IRREGULAR PLURALS
man, men
foot, feet
mouse, mice
woman, women
tooth,
teeth
louse, lice
child, children
ox, oxen
goose, geese
The following nouns have no singular:
scissors oats
tongs
trousers pinchers
measles
cattle
shears
victuals tweezers
86
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
A day in Ensenada…
Prepare a tour through Ensenada (or choose your own recreational place)
which of the following activities would you like to do? Number them from
1 (most interesting) and 6 (least interesting).
Eat lobster in
Puerto Nuevo
Visit La Bufadora
Take a ride to see
the whales
Take a walk in down
town and buy
Mexican Curios
Vineyards in Valle de
Guadalupe
Visit Hanson Lagoon
Bring pictures of that place to make a poster, present your poster to the
class, tell them why and when are you visiting that place.
Talk about the activities you are planning to do, in the order you gave
initially, and tell why you want to do that particular action. Use the box
bellow to write down the information you will need to talk about your trip.
87
Tema:
Unidad:
There are four types of pronouns:
•Object pronouns after verb
•Object pronouns after prepositions
2
El alumno comprenderá y relacionará los diferentes
pronombres en inglés y en español
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno diferenciará los diferentes pronombres y
los practicará por medio de la ejemplificación
a partir de ellas.
persigue.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
extranjera, y los interpreta en el marco de la diversidad lingüística y
cultural.
88
There are four types of pronouns:
Subject Pronouns: Function as the subject of a sentence; you are familiar with
them; use them instead the person’s name.
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
I live in New York
Do you like playing tennis?
Object Pronouns: serve as the object of a verb.
The person does the
action, and Object pronouns indicate to WHOM the action goes to.
me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
Adriana gave me the book.
He told you to come tonight.
She asked him to help.
They visited her when they came to New York
™ Pronouns must always refer to a specific noun in a previous
discussion.
™ Pronouns must agree in number, person, and gender with the noun
they refer to.
Possessive Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
89
Angela: We had a birthday party for Tony last Friday.
Claudia: Really? Why didn’t you call me? I would love to come!
Angela: I’m sorry Claudia, I didn’t organize it.
Claudia: Oh, I see! And tell me, how was it? Did you have
fun?
Angela: We did!!! There was plenty of food for all of us.
Everybody brought a present for him. I gave him a new iPod
system and Roberto and Juan gave him a CD player,
Claudia: Did he like them?
Angela: Oh! Yes, he did like them! That was the perfect gift
CHOOSE THE CORRECT PRONOUN!
. Her / she
1. I saw
2. Give it to
. They / them
3. He kissed
_. she / her
4. He took
. It / them / either could be used here.
5. Did anyone see
6.
? Us / we
arrived on time. Them / They
7. What did
say? Her / she
8. She's faster than
am. Me / I
9. I saw you and
there. She / her
10. Between you and
_, I really didn't like it. Me / I
http://www.usingenglish.com/handouts/73.html
90
Complete the following sentences using the correct OBJECT PRONOUN,
substituting the personal pronoun.
Ricardo was reading the news about
. (He)
Ricardo was reading the news about him.
Rosa bought a present for grandma’,
Rosa bought a present for HER
The teacher read a story to…. (WE)
My daughter hugs (I) every day!
Mr. Perez drives his children on his truck every day
Aglael received a love letter from Bernardo last month
Lorena was talking to Mike, she was telling Mike not to be late
from work.
91
Object pronouns after a verb:
My friend likes me.
He likes you.
Martha likes him. (A boy or a man)
Tom likes her.
(A girl or a woman)
We like it.
(An animal or an object)
They like us.
We like them.
(People or objects)
Object pronouns after prepositions:
My friend talks to me.
The teacher talks to you.
I talk to him on the telephone.
I talk to her on the telephone.
I look at it.
The man talks to us.
We talk to them.
http://www.eslpractice.net/obpro/ex1.htm
Complete the following sentences using the appropriate OBJECT
PRONOUN (me, you, him, her, it, us, and them)
Where is Monica? I want to talk to
.
I don't know where she is. I haven't seen
.
because she has my book
I want to talk to
Here, you can use my book. Please give
back when you finish
though. I need it for tomorrow.
Those shoes are nice. I like
Thanks. They are new. I just bought
.
yesterday.
Andrew is in my computer class. Do you know
Yes I know
. He sits next to me
.
We are very thirsty. Please give
something to drink
Here's some nice cold water. I hope you enjoy
.
92
PROGRESS TEST- Fill in the gaps using the appropriate OBJECT PRONOUN.
Is she writing to Luis Miguel?
Yes, she is in love with
! (he/him/his)
Carlos is making a lot of noise!
I'll ask
to be quiet.
Please tell Mrs. Montes to come in.
Sorry, I don't know
I can't find my glasses!
You are wearing
Do you like bananas?
I love
(him/it/ its)
. (her / him / she)
! (them / there / they)
! (hers / its / them)
Why is he always talking about Jessica Simpson?
He obviously likes
! (her / him / she)
Where is my English book?
Oh, my God! I've lost
Is that Marta's new boyfriend?
Don't ask me, ask
What is the title of that song?
I can't remember
Why is David so happy?
His friends gave
! (him / it / its)
! (her / his / it)
. (him / it / them)
a guitar for his birthday! (him /it / them)
What are you going to do with those old papers?
. (their / them / they)
I'm going to ecycle
93
Tema:
Using (Used to)
Unidad:
II
El estudiante conocerá las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con el uso de Used to, para expresar
cosas que regularmente acostumbrabas hacer en el
pasado, pero ya no lo haces mas.
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno aplicará lo aprendido para elaborar textos
simples, así comopara comunicarse en una lengua
extranjera.
• Trabaja en forma colaborativa
ellas.
• Aporta puntos de vista con apertura y considera los de otros compañeros
• Sigue instrucciones y procedimiento de manera reflexiva.
creativa.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
extranjera
94
Introduction
The student will practice in everyday life when is he or she expressing, in a correct way after
study understand the use of; "Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that
stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually
done now.
Grammar Focus
Used To
FORM
USED TO + VERB
Example
I used to go to the park every day
Habit in the past
You can use to +verb for talk of habits in that you used to do in past but you don’t do any
more.
Example
Habit: I used to play tennis
Affirmative
I you he she it
we they
+
Used to
+
verb
Example: I used to play the guitar he used to play the guitar we used to play the
guitar etc
Negative
I you he she it
we they
+
Didn’t Used
to
+
verb
Example: I didn’t use to play tennis she didn’t use to play tennis they didn’t play
tennis etc.
Questions
Did
I you he she
it we they
Used to
+
Example: did you used to dance?
Short answers
Did you use to play football?
Yes I did
No I didn't
95
verb
TASK
Activity 1
Complete these sentences. Then compare with a partner.
1.
2.
3.
4.
In summer vacations, I used to________
I used to eat_____, but now I don’t.
I used to eat a lot _____, now I’m on a diet.
After school my friend and I used to______
Activity 2
Pair work
Time to write
Write six more sentences about yourself using used to
Do you and your classmate have anything in common?
Read your compositions to your partner.
Your partner tells two interesting things about you to the
class.
96
Complete the following sentences:
1.
When I was in elementary school, I used to
2.
I used to
3.
When I was a kid. I used to play
, but not anymore.
Writing and Speaking… Add four more questions to the following list and
take turns to ask and answer each question. Then, write the main idea of
your classmates…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
What’s your favorite memory from secondary school?
What kinds of sports or games did you use to play then?
Did you use to have a nick name?
Did you use to have a special food?
What kind of music did you use to like?
Where did you use to go for entertain
Write down all the information given by your classmates
Example:
My friend Tere used to play basketball when she was in secondary school.
97
Used to… or Use to..
Circle the correct answer. Fill the gaps when you’ve checked your answers.
Jim doesn't have a girlfriend now, but he
.
I don’t play soccer, but I
used to play every Sunday
didn't use to
He didn’t used to
used to
Use a pillow
was using to
People
use the
Internet but now everybody is surfing
When I was younger I
French all the time but not now.
aren't used to using
is
Didn’t use to
Used
isn't used to using
gets used
I
to play baseball
when I was young. I'm too old and fat to
play now.
speak in
used
to
I
wear long hair for the holidays but
not any more
used to
use
to be used to
got used to
to used to get
used
Juan was in London for a year. He liked
the
England but he
insipid food and the miserable weather.
The baker's
but now it's terrible.
didn't
to be so bad
use
Didn’t get used to
didn't used
could used to
was used
can ever used to
I get up early every day for years but I
to it.
am
I
talk over the phone
every day, but not any more
used
Used to
still not used
am using
am already used
use
http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/freeexercises.htm
98
Process
The student has to research for additional information in internet and books about the
modal could.
Affirmative
Negative
Questions
Short answers
Look at the next links to find the information needed; you can start gathering useful information
from the websites and look for others websites.
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-m_used-to-do.htm
http://www.uwstout.edu/soe/profdev/rubrics/primaryteamworkrubric.pdf
99
Evaluation
Self evaluation rubric
As team member I:
As team member I:
As team member I:
Let my partner do all of my
work
Let my partners do some of
my work
Did not help my partners
Did not listen to my partners
ideas
Did not chare my ideas
Did not help the group solve
problems
Only helped my partners when
they asked me
Had troubles quietly listening
to ideas
Shared only one idea
Waited for my group to solve
most problems
☺did all of my mu work
☺helped my partners
☺listened to my partners
ideas
☺shared my ideas
☺helped my group solve
problems
REFERENCIA
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-m_used-to-do.htm
http://www.uwstout.edu/soe/profdev/rubrics/primaryteamworkrubric.pdf
http://es.123rf.com/photo_593369.html
100
For the previous diagram, complete using the categories:
San Felipe
Swimming
Tacos
Tijuana
Fishing
Ensenada
Paying Soccer
Fishing
The lake
Skating
Park
Pizza
Playing baseball
Watching Cartoons
I went camping when I was 10 years old.
How often did you go camping?
We went every summer.
Used to…
Used to… refers to something that you regularly did in the past but
don’t do anymore
I used to go camping every summer, but now I go every
Easter.
Did you use to stay many days?
Yes, I used to stay for weeks
No, I didn’t use to stay for more than two days.
Where did you use to go?
We always used to go to the same place.
101
Tema:
Word order in Questions
Unidad:
II
El alumno reconocerá las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con el uso de Word order in Questions
para expresar el orden en que aparecen las palabras
en una oración.
Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno aplicará lo aprendido de Word order in
Questions; para comunicarse y elaborar textos
simples en una lengua extranjera para diversos
propósitos
El alumno mostrará interés y colaboración con sus
compañeros en su vida cotidiana y dentro del salón de
clases.
• Ordena la información de a cuerdo a categorías y jerarquías.
• Trabaja en forma colaborativa
ellas.
• Aporta puntos de vista con apertura y considera los de otros compañeros
creativa.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
extranjera
102
Introduction
The student will practice in everyday life when is he or she expressing, in a correct way after
study understand the use of; Word order in questions; In The English language there are no
different forms for subjects and objects. To keep subject and object apart however, we have to
stick to the word order.
In questions, the word order subject-verbs-objects is the same as in affirmative sentences. The
only thing that's different is that you usually have to put the auxiliary verb example: (main verb be)
before the subject interrogative are put at the beginning of the sentence.
Grammar Focus
Interrogative W questions
interrogative
what
When
Auxiliary
verb
would
subject
Did
You
were
you
you
Other
verbs
Like
to tell
have
Indirect
object
me
Direct
object
place
time
A party
In your
hose
Here?
yesterday
You don’t use an auxiliary verb if you ask for the subject. In this case the interrogative
simply takes the place of the subject.
interrogative
who
Verb (s)
asked
object
You?
Word order in affirmative sentences
For the beginning, remember this simple rule
subject
Verb (s)
object
I
speak
English
I
Can speak
English
Negative
The word order in negative sentences is the same as in affirmative sentences.
Note however, that in negative sentences we usually need an auxiliary verb.
Subject
verb
Indirect object
Direct object
place
time
I
will not
you
the story
at school
tomorrow
103
Task
Word Order in Questions
INTERROGATIVE + AUXILIARY + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB
Order the words in the boxes to make questions.
oranges
like
do
you
?
1
you have much do how
money
?
2
you
are who
3
?
my chocolate did eat you
4
?
say you what did
5
?
going you where are
6
?
car tonight borrow I your can
7
?
104
Process
The student has to research for additional information in internet and books about word
order in questions.
Affirmative
Negative
Questions
105
Short answers
Evaluation
Word order in affirmative sentences
Instructions
Put in order the next affirmative sentences
1. likes/she/you she likes you
2. English/I/speak___________________
3. hates/onion/he____________________
4. we/song/a/sing____________________
5. sell/bread/they____________________
6. you/see/me/can____________________
7. buy/candies/she/wants to____________
8. feed/you/my/dog/can
9. brother/has/my/got/a cat____________
10.
must/the book/read/you_____________
Referencia
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/satz.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/word-order/exercises?03
106
Jennifer Lopez
Born July 24 1969 Jennifer Lopez, she of the infamous buttocks, is now one of the Bronx’s
biggest exports. Starting her career as a dancer and actress appearing on American TV shows
such as Living Color and Hotel Malibu Jennifer was nominated for a Golden Globe for her first
film role in 1998 comedy Selena.
With a change of name came super stardom as, in 2001, JLo was released, featuring hit singles
Play, Love Don’t Cost A Thing as well as
giving birth to remixes of I’m Real and Ain’t
It Funny. JLo’s collaboration with
rappers such as Ja Rule gave her a
new audience and credibility
outside of the pop world, although
Jenny From the Block, the lead
single from her 2002 album This is
Me? Then, saw her rather
ridiculed for claiming to be from the
seen in the world’s finest hotels
block when she was often
the yearly wage of most of us.
wearing fur coats costing
In between failed
marriages (to Cris Judd) and
broken engagements
(Ben Affleck), getting arrested with
P Diddy (another ex)
and appearing in films such as Maid
in Manhattan and The
Wedding Planner, Jennifer managed to
turn herself in to a
corporation with a range of clothes,
perfumes and a production company to her name. She has also turned her hand to modeling,
most notably appearing in a fabulous campaign for Louis Vuitton.
More recently the one time diva seems to have settled down, dedicating time to her new
husband Marc Antony (the Latino pair married in June 2004) and releasing her latest album
Rebirth which, although a commercial flop, signified a new direction for the singer. Despite this
disappointment it seems that JLo’s success is set to run and run although whether her future
lies in singing, acting or fashion remains to be seen.
After reading JLo’s biography, write down with your own words, what
she used to do in her life.
JLo used to be a dancer. She used to…
107

UNIT I Past tense of Verb To-Be

Transcription

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