Qualitätssicherung von Solaranlagen

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Czech RE Agency, o.p.s.
non-profit organization
renewable energy sources
continuing sustainability
representation of the Czech Republic in the project
SOLPOOL
no business activities in the field of solar heating
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www.solpool.info
SOLPOOL
What is optimal in terms of user
and living environment
Ing. Bronislav Bechník, Ph.D.
Exclusive responsibility for content of this presentation has the Czech RE Agency, o.p.s. Given information need not necessarily represent opinions of
European communities. European commission does not overdraw any responsibility for any information herein presented.
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Content of the presentation
- Project SOLPOOL
- Original idea
- glazed, non-glazed, vacuum
- Comparison from different points of view
- ekonomic, ecologic, energetic
- Other possibilities
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SOLPOOL – Basic information
Project partners:
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SOLPOOL – Basic information
Main goal
Increasing utilization of solar thermal systems for
water heating
as for outside
swimming
pools,
replacement of
fossil fuels
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SOLPOOL – Basic information
Why solar heating:
• Time coincidence of
– operational season
– period of the sufficient solar radiation
• Relatively little water heating
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Solar technique
Glazed, non-glazed, vacuum?
price
efficiency
ecologic impacts
glazed collector
non-glazed absorber
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Solar technique
Glazed flat collectors
– higher price
– long durability
– higher efficiency at higher temperatures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Glazing frame
Sealing
Glazing
Collector frame
Thermal
insulation
Flat absorber
Heat outlet
Reinforcement
Back wall
glazed collector
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Solar technique
Non-glazed plastic absorbers
–
–
–
–
–
low price
resistance against the pool chemistry
simple installation (self-help?)
shorter durability
lower efficiency
tube absorber
distribution and
collecting pipes
tube with socket
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www.solpool.info
Solar technique
Plastic absorbers
• different profiles
– mostly tubes
– but also flat
• UV filtr
– temporary protection
• resistent to chlorine
• resistent to hail
• must be emptied for winter
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Solar technique
EPDM
• 100% resistant to UV
radiation
• no softeners
– long durability
I am 24 years old
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• highly resistant to
chlorine
• resistant to hail
• resistant to frost
www.solpool.info
Solar technique
Vacuum tube collectors
– high price
– for water heating in showers
– excess for pool heating
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www.solpool.info
Glazed, non-glazed, vacuum?
Collector gains since April to September
Energetic gains
zisk energie [kWh/m 2]
600
energy
gains
Rozsah teplot
pro ohřev bazénu
nezasklený, vliv větru
500
zasklený selektivní
Temperature range
for pool heating
400
vakuový
300
non-glazed, wind effect
200
glazed selective
100
vacuum
0
temperature
20
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Zisk kolektoru od dubna do září
25
30
35
40
45 teplota[°C]
www.solpool.info
Glazed, non-glazed, vacuum?
Energetic gains
Collector yearly gains
Collector gains [kWh/m2]
140
120
non-glazed, wind effect
100
glazed selective
80
60
40
20
0
1
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2
3
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5
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7
8
9
10
11
12 month
www.solpool.info
Glazed, non-glazed, vacuum?
Gains from the solar radiation
• Influence of the orientation and collector slope
ALL THE YEAR
WEST
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SEASON
EAST
www.solpool.info
Glazed, non-glazed, vacuum?
Expenses and gains
Collector area
Piping
length
Non-glazed
Flat glazed collectors
Vacuum
collectors
Investment cost including installation (thousands of CZK install.)
Unit investment cost (CZK /m2
Solar energy gains per season
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Glazed, non-glazed, vacuum?
Grant
only for systems being operated all the year
round, it means only glazed or vacuum
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Impacts on the environment
Traditional sources
Renewable sources
mining and transport of raw
materials
production
mining and transport of fuels
emissions from production
disposal
mining and transport of raw
materials
production
disposal
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Impacts on the environment
Impacts on the environment
Heating system
CO2 emissions
Electricity
Air-water
Ground-water
Water-water
Natural gas
Heat oil
Solar thermal
Wood
Black coal
Brown coal
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Impacts on the environment
Collector recycling
Glazed
can be dismantled to single components and recycled
high return of materials
tank, frame, glass, supporting structure – nearly 100 %
thermal insulation – must be re-melted
corroded parts – lower recycling yield
Non-glazed
cannot be recycled to the same product
burning (emissions)
roads, sporting surfaces
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Alternatives of the solar heating
Non-glazed absorber on the tilted roof
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Alternatives of the solar heating
Non-glazed absorber on the tilted roof
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Alternatives of the solar heating
Air collector (roof)
– minimum price
– part of the building structure
– lower efficiency
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Alternatives of the solar heating
Air collector (roof)
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Impacts on the environment
Recycling at the life end
Glazed
can be dismantled to single materials and recycled
high return of materials
tank, frame, glass, supporting structure – nearly 100 %
thermal insulation – must be re-melted
corroded parts – lower recycling yield
Non-glazed
cannot be recycled to the same product
burning (emissions)
roads, sporting surfaces
Air (roof)
minimal additional load, double material usage
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Alternatives of the solar heating
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Alternatives of the solar heating
Double usage:
• summer – tennis court
• winter – skating ring
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Other possibilities of increasing water temperature
Gains from the solar radiation
• Energy absorption in the water
Spectral
irradiancy
Reference spectrum
Radiation absorbed by
water
Wave length
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Other possibilities of increasing water temperature
Non-traditional methods:
• Incoming water pre-heating in a shallow pool
with black stones
• Dark walls and bottom of the pool
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Other possibilities of increasing water temperature
Covering the pool surface
Impact of covering the
surface
Water
temperature
Course of water
heating and
cooling in the
pool with its
surface being
covered or not
Results of laboratory measurements
solar cover
compact cover
no cover
Time
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Other possibilities of increasing water temperature
Other heat sources
- heat of condensation from heating plants
(Oltherm)
- thermal springs (Karlovy Vary)
- pool roofing
- ...
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Czech RE Agency, o.p.s.
Seat:
Televizní 2618, 756 61 Rožnov pod Radhoštěm
Office / branch:
Americká 17, 120 00 Praha 2,
Tel: 222 512 764, Fax: 222 512 774
Questions to the project SOLPOOL:
E-mail: bronislav@czrea.org
Tel: +420 602 771 371
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