Streaming Media Roundtable Discussion

Welcome Streaming Media
Roundtable Discussion with Four
Thought Leaders in the Industry
Moderator
Dan Rayburn
EVP
Streaming Media
ENCODING WORKSHOP #2
Best Practices and Strategies
Speakers
Andrew Karlin
S i E
Senior
Engineer
i
Internap
Coby Rich
Marketing and Events Director
Sorenson Media
Rich Mavrogeanes
P id t
President
Discover Video
Allan Poore
Principal Group Manager for
Expression Encoder
Microsoft
Encoding Workshop #2
Best Practices and Strategies
Internap CDN Ecosystem
•
•
•
The only Global Route-Optimized CDN
Video Quality You Can See™
Supported Formats
®
®
• Adobe Flash
®
®
• Microsoft Windows Media
®
• Microsoft Silverlight
END-USER
ANALYZE
DELIVER
Delivering content
anywhere, anytime,
to any device
Real-time assessment
of content interaction
to drive richer customer
experiences and
increased ROI
PROTECT
MANAGE
ENCODE
CO
Solutions to upload
and reformat media
for online delivery
CREATION
Organize assets
through easy-to-use
interface
Control access to online
content and securely
deliver content for
playback
•
•
Enterprise focus on content
and business requirements
Internap provides a single
point of contact for full video
y
lifecycle
Ideation and production
of interactive content
6
CAPTURE
Broadcast Signal
Acquisition
Video
CDN
General Production Guidelines
Keep the viewer in mind
g device? Network?
What is the target
Work backwards from desired result
Be consistent with peer sites
What window size and streaming rate are similar
sites using?
Plan for compression while producing content
G d lighting
Good
li hti
No complex backgrounds
Flat contrast
Capture at high quality
Use progressive scanning, not interlace
Capture at intended final aspect ratio
Best Practices for Encoding
Use the highest quality source available
Use Progressive (non-interlaced) source, or deinterlace before encoding
Ideal Frame width and height evenly divisible by 16
Maintain aspect ratio to avoid distortion (4:3, 16:9)
Use VBR for progressive download and CBR for
streaming
Use 2-pass
p
encoding
g if p
possible ((non-live))
Use long GOP – keyframes widely spaced and on
scene changes
Encode in multiple bit rates for adaptive/dynamic
streaming
Don’t forget about the Audio!
Viewers are much more sensitive to audio problems
than video impairments
Audio is much lower data density than video
Bits allocated to audio count in the overall data rate
Use AAC or MP3 encoding for widest compatibility
Don’t waste video quality by assigning too much
bandwidth to audio
Talking
g head audio has very
y narrow frequency
q
y
spectrum
Encoding mono sources in stereo takes double the
bandwidth
The Encoding Quality Curve
Curve flattens as bitrate increases
At a certain point, more bandwidth does not
improve the viewer’s quality perception
Calculating Target Bit Rate
Bits per pixel levels;
0.10 bpp = Good for low motion, talking heads
0 125 bpp = Normal range
0.125
range, average video
content
0.15 bpp = High motion, complex scenes
Target Bit Rate (kbps)=
((Bits/Pixel x ((height
g x width)) x Frame rate)/1000
)
Example:
Quality objective = Medium
Picture size = 320 x 240
Frame rate = 29.97
T
Target
t bit rate
t = (0
(0.125
125 x 320 x 240 x
29.97)/1000=287.7 kbps
Table of Common Formats and Bit Rates
Sample Recommended Video Encoding rates
Recommended Bit Rate in kbps
Aspect Ratio
Width
Height
Frame Rate
Low (0.1 bpp)
Mid (0.125 bpp)
High (0.15 bpp)
4:3
160
120
15
28.80
36.00
43.20
43
4.3
320
240
15
115 20
115.20
144 00
144.00
172 80
172.80
4:3
320
240
30
230.40
288.00
345.60
4:3
512
384
30
589.82
737.28
884.74
4:3
640
480
29.97
920.68
1150.85
1381.02
16:9
320
180
24
138.24
172.80
207.36
16:9
480
272
24
313.34
391.68
470.02
16:9
512
288
24
353.89
442.37
530.84
16:9
640
360
24
552.96
691.20
829.44
16:9
768
432
24
796.26
995.33
1194.39
Thank You!
Contact Info:
Andrew Karlin
Senior CDN Technology Consultant
Internap Network Services Corp.
akarlin@internap.com
http://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewkarlin
www.internap.com
p
Encoding
cod g for
o tthe
e Web
eb
Best Practices & Strategies
Cobyy Rich
Marketing & Events Director
@sorensonmedia
{ Who We Are }
Provider of the Highest Quality
Vid Solutions
Video
S l ti
@sorensonmedia
{ Online Video Trends }
@sorensonmedia
{ Encoding Video 101 }
• Getting Started
– Codecs & Containers
• Online Formats
– .flv, .swf, .mov,
.wmv, .vc1, .webm
• Nuts and Bolts
• Delivery Methods
– Streaming vs.
Download
@sorensonmedia
{ Encoding Video 101 }
• Streaming
– Typically want to
encode with a
Constant Bit Rate
(CBR) encoding
method
• Progressive Download
– Typically want to
encode with a Variable
Bit Rate (VBR)
encoding method
@sorensonmedia
{ Encoding Best Practices }
1 Start with the best source
1.
•
•
Getting good looking video is 80% about
your source
Tips:
•
•
Edit and in the same codec, frame size
and data rate
Export your video in the native codec,
uncompressed, ProRes or QT reference
@sorensonmedia
{ Encoding Best Practices }
2 Think about the end during the means
2.
•
•
Small changes can make a big difference
Tips:
•
•
Avoid the following if possible: Short
fades, color gradients, excessive
captioning,
p
g, fractal noise
Mixed content - Edit to the lowest
common denominator
@sorensonmedia
{ Encoding Best Practices }
3 Get to know your encoding tool
3.
•
•
You’ll save tons of time if you know your
encoding program
Tips:
•
•
Many tools have compression preview
settings
g
Many tools have automated workflows
built in
@sorensonmedia
{ Encoding Best Practices }
4 Utilize filters and pre
4.
pre-processing
processing
•
•
These tools can make your video go from
“okay”
okay to “wow!”
wow!
Tips:
•
•
Deinterlacing - An absolute must use if
working
g in SD or 1080i
Use professional filters to enhance or
brand your video
@sorensonmedia
{ Encoding Best Practices }
5 Encode to your audience
5.
•
•
Use your analytics tools to find the right
data rate
Tips:
•
•
Encode to the median user, not the
outliers
Average DSL download speeds in the US
is roughly 2Mbps
@sorensonmedia
{ Encoding Best Practices }
6 Don’t
6.
Don t forget about the audio
•
•
Audio is 1/2 the video
Tips:
•
•
Keep your audio uncompressed when
exporting from NLE
Give the audio the data it deserves - my
rule of thumb is 10% of video data rate
@sorensonmedia
Contact
Coby Rich
coby@sorensonmedia com
coby@sorensonmedia.com
{ Thank You for Listening }
@sorensonmedia
Encoding
B t Practices
Best
P ti
& Strategies
Rich Mavrogeanes
g
President
www.discovervideo.com
About Discover Video
• Provider of video streaming products,
services and systems
services,
• Founded by same people that created
VBrick Systems
www.discovervideo.com
General
• Audio/Video input quality – GIGO
• Bandwidth – the most critical resource
• Format
F
t – really
ll only
l 5 ttypes tto consider
id
–
–
–
–
–
Flash Compatible – H.264 w/RTMP
Silverlight Compatible – WM or H.264
H 264 SS
QuickTime Compatible – standards based RTP/RTMP
Mobile – H.264 / MPEG-4
P
Pure
Standards
S d d – MPEG,
MPEG VLC
www.discovervideo.com
Audience
• Techniques and Technology should match
the need
– Entertainment – quality,
quality delivery
delivery, and maybe
revenue dominate
– Education & Training – cost,
cost simplicity
simplicity, and
features dominate
– Enterprise – network behavior, security,
features dominate
www.discovervideo.com
Encoder Selection
o Continuous 7 x 24 live streaming
g
o Appliance-based solutions
o Event live streaming
o Computer / laptop solutions
www.discovervideo.com
Encoding
• There are hundreds of codecs
codecs, but one
has emerged as the de facto standard
supported by virtually all major vendors
– H.264 Video Encoder
– AAC Audio Encoder
• But the audience does not typically care!
www.discovervideo.com
Encoding Considerations
Ease Of Use
Ease of use and
availability are more
important than video
quality.
Reach
Quality
www.discovervideo.com
Live Transcoding
• Sometimes, the best strategy is not to
encode but to do live transcoding
encode,
transcoding…
Multicast
WM
MPEG-2
Satellite
www.discovervideo.com
CDN
Or
Streaming Server
H.264
RTP
RTMP ((Flash))
Any output rate or resolution
Multimedia
• For corporate, education,
and
d many other
th
applications, it is insufficient
t just
to
j t stream
t
“video”.
“ id ”
• Integrated simultaneous
VGA capture and Screen
capture mixed with camera
video is an important
element.
www.discovervideo.com
Mobility
Cellular
Network
Streaming
Network
Your
Viewers
Wireless Laptop
Stream live video from anywhere via cellular wireless, or
use any WiFi network available to your laptop computer
• Remote News Gathering
• Feed Live Events to TV Stations
• Stream important meetings to remote viewers
• Create and upload presentations, reports
It is often more important for the audience to see what you are seeing vs. seeing you.
www.discovervideo.com
Lowest Common Denominator
DECODER
RECEIVER
ENCODER
SENDER
DOWNLINK
Max Bandwidth
300 Kbps
UPLINK
Max Bandwidth
500 Kbps
DOWNLINK
Max Bandwidth
800 Kbps
Adaptive bit rate techniques don’t overcome bandwidth limitations
www.discovervideo.com
Bandwidth
• Successful encoder upload rates for live
streaming
– Cable -- 800 Kbps
– DSL – 400 Kbps
– Corporate – 300 to 2
2,000
000 Kbps
– Cellular 4G – 800 Kbps
– Cellular
C ll l 3G – 200 Kb
Kbps
www.discovervideo.com
Thank You
Discover Video
info@discovervideo.com
www.discovervideo.com
Microsoft
Expression
Encoder
Allan Poore
Principal Group Program Manager
Compression
• VC-1 2-pass VBR, 640x352 24p, at 1 Mbps
Without Compression
Uncompressed Full Screen
Just JPEG
JPEG Full Screen
VC-1 Full Screen
Types of Compression
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduced resolution
Reduced frame rate
Reduced color information
Spatial Compression
Temporal Compression
Motion Estimation
Macro Blocks
Motion Search Range
Motion Estimation – Object
Motion Estimation - Background
Expression
p
Encoder Roadmap
p
Encoder v5
Encoder v4
Encoder v3
v2
SP1
QF
E
V4
SP1
Expression
p
Encoder V4
•
•
•
•
•
•
New H.264 Implementation
P f
Performance
Live Redesign
Live Smooth Streaming
g
Screen Capture
PlayReady Integration
Expression Encoder V4 SP1
•
•
•
•
•
GPU Support
Live: Screen Capture
Live: Low-latency Smooth Streaming
HE-AAC
HE
AAC
ISMT Closed Caption Support
More Information
• allanp@microsoft.com
• www.microsoft.com/expression
• social.expression.microsoft.com/forums/enus/encoder/
Question and Answer Session
(please submit Questions)
Q&A
Andrew
A
d
K li
Karlin
Internap
akarlin@internap.com
@
Coby Rich
Sorenson Media
coby@sorensonmedia.com
Rich
Ri
h Mavrogeanes
M
Discover Video
info@discovervideo.com
Allan Poore
Microsoft
allanp@microsoft.com
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