`1. Kugr.oxi,6nE, Tri Ilepif3hentov ApdpaE

`1. Kugr.oxi,6nE, Tri Ilepif3hentov ApdpaE

'1.
Td,ooE Kugr.oxi,6nE,Tri Ilepif3hentov ApdpaE -'Ano riv'Avru]t]'ayn
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ngooguyrxoE x6opog nori ilxoto,ora0nxe xarc rrlv'Avral.}"ayn rot 1924 otitv
Mcxebovla dogcrivrilExol 61er,no],ircrvd, nei yla riE ouv0ffxeErfrE npoorpuyr,dE,rlE nctql8eg nori frcpnoe,rir 6ver,gd,rou, rflv tvoolp,arrrlonrou or6v pnrqono],rtrxo'Eivivnvr,op6.flqoocpuyeEtffE ngcirrnEyrvrd.E{qarpov oulx}'ovr,orr,xd,xeipeva, d,},}.d,
xcrl p6 tig
nl"xqogoqleg touE tgogoOotrloav dn6 tnv 8eEcpevnrrilv &vopvrloeulvroug rrQoocpuyonoul"a tfiE 8eutegnEy€vrd.Enqoxerp6vou vd. ouv06oouv pe)'6tegyr.crri,g dl"urgoreg
narg[6eE, d].]"4 xai, rig v6eEno.rql8egperc ro l9Z4."An,or, fio,].r,ng6ocpuyeE
rfrS 6eursQnEyevLdEouv6ygarirovpe)',6teE
1l' atr6g r[E v6eEno.rp[6eE,ornv Maxebov[a xal rnv
Ogaxn ii dl.l,cXou, febr.nl.dvovrag rlE nc16rxtgxai ignl3lx6g &vcpvrloer.ErouE ponOoup.evor.fio,vrcl, d,n6 rouE pelcl.utegouE rouE, TouE cpoQrtop6vougp6 Epnelg[egxci, l3rcbpo,tc. T6tor,a eival xcrl r1neglnroon rot yvrlorot Bx8otou rfrE Oeoocr],ovlxnETaoou
Kupr,cx[6n, not ouv60eoedllotroyn pe].€tndvo.gegopsvnornv yev6rer.qd,
rou, 16 lIeqi,'O
x. T. Kupr,cn oixoy6ver,nrou.
[3]"entovtfrg ApcproE,6nou ro 1924 6^yxo,to,orc0nxe
x[64E, 6nrrlE xcl 6 c8e]"cpoEtou 'Avo.otooroE, i8r.oxrrlteErofl 6provupou ix8orr.xot
oixou, d.no xar.qo 6Xouv otq6qrer.r[E 0ncyye],parr,x6E-ix6otr.x6E
6corlpr.6rr1r6ErouE
otnv ngol3ol"ntou flovtlaxot 'El"l.nvrofro6' o aqlOprogrrrlv nevnvra p6Xqr.roube 6xbooerilv rouE yuQtrl d.no tov llovt<t pcgrugei tflv cpr,l,o6ol[c roug va r6v dvc6ellouv
ivcqy6otega. )tnv ngooncrOer,c
rouE arltn 6waoo€ro,rxcl i ncpotoo, 6x6oon fiou [r€l.Etd to ouyx€xQLp6vo
novrlaxo 1rogr,6rfrE MaxebovLaq.
'AlonqroE
To f3L[3],lo
npo]"o1i(er.6 xo0nynrnE-dxoSxpa'r.xoE
x.
Too;.rnavcxlE nou
nqo'i6ea(eutov dvayvorotn yr.' o.utrlv tnv nevnvtcXqovl xal n)t6ov noqela torJ lleqr69 rlE np6QegpaE, d.l.)"'n oiola
$l.6ntou, dcp'6oov n 8lnynon pnoqei pr6vvd cp0over.
trrrv npcypo.rorv gclvetcl va teqpctl[etcrr, 6 1974 neglnou, 6n6te trr6tXv eororeqrxrl
xctl ilcoteglxrl ;.retcvcroro,on,nori o16 pero.lu 61el ouvre]"Eo0el,orrpr[3cr],],el
ornv dnril),er,atrlE otrvoXfrEtot 1trlgr.o0.Ol),o6ofi,o,,xcrl 0nr,Oupi,o.
pa(i,, rot x. T. Kupr,cxl6n elvar.
va Ouploer orouE ]rQooquy€ErfrE rgi,txE xo.l t6taqr1S, n].6ov, yevr0E tLE r)gcpcrtx€g
ouv0rlxeEtrno rlg onoleE E(noov o[ 6r,xo[rouE, yovelg, nannotbeE xai yr,cr^pcr6eE
xcro.
t[g nqcrrteE6[36opabeg
xcl prrlveE
tfrg tyxcrcoro.oedrErouE orouE v6ougtonoug. To 6qyo
q,tro, rng xcrroyQcqxE6n1..rrov ouvOnxrilv,xaOlororor p6gc p6 rxv pr6pa6uo1epeE,6cp'
6oov o[ fiQoJrayovr,ot6Etrrlv yeyov6rtrrv 61ouv n].6ov d.noOo,ver
xa.[ ].r"yoorol elvar,ixelvol noir (o0v d.xopqxcl ol 6nor,ol eIlclv proloeLto yeyov6rc o6 n],r.x[anou vo, pnoqotv
vcr 0upouvtar np6oirrna xal yeyov6ta. EIvaL l3cor,xovd oulxqcrrlooupe auro nou onpeLdrverotrlv ei,oclyrrly4
rou o x. T. K. 5rr, o[ xa)npepwtg \qyryoetE rrfiv yovlov yft r4v
"Ipega xa(, ro Kapptour, td ytnovtxo Aep(,v xa(, rd, ytptd, roil "OEecagtntrcav ra
nat\ta roug 6u txdvn fi rarpl\a firav pova6mn!
A6v Elet d.6r.xo'6oor eipcore nq6oquyeE beutegnEysvrdE 6tor, o.ioOavopraoteyLcr
tnv povaSrxornro, tfrg ncrpl8oE poE' 16 6ru€[3c],cv
ornv ouvelbnon trrcEo[ 0o,upo.or6g
r\LlyrloeLgtriiv ncrnnoriburv, tcov yov6rrlv, d,l,l,o, 8uorulrilE, xci, oi dvootevu.ypol roug.
Ku[ plcr d.],].n8Lsnlottoon xcl ar]tn d]"nOr.vtdno rc npcyprorcr xci ra olpeia rcrrv
528
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xarqrrrv' ygocpel6 T.K.: rl (Atrn \Krrytotuorl etvat 5n ru Yuprn rfig'Apyupouno)"nE xo[
rofr "oEtag 1appelE xai trrcraEtp9ryav 85'ulornv xrEQLoxn
lrapaveor(,ou Apd,pag xa(,
il.axmra npaypara dTTalav orov rQoxto EunE ritv xarotxav. Td. rt1n, fi narEapytxr:
oixoytvetn, ft xa]qpepwq \taqoqn 6tv percB).rt0nxav. Td vta ototyeia ornv eun fov
xaroixuv rot Iltptf3),enrou firav o[ vteg xo.),)"ttpyeteg(xupirttExanvoQ xo,(,to yEyovoE
6rt fioav io6rtltot nd,trtg o' tva il,eu)ryo xpd.roE,otrlv narpt\a rouE>r.Kol picr dl,l,n
Olanlorrrlox €fioou oqpcvrr,xfl,&v xg[voupe pd tc p6tqa rffg inoxffE: r4v dyootfi oup13loontdlv nqoocpuyCIvtoir IIeqr.pi'6ntou pd toug BvrontouE Mcxe66veg r6v yerrovrxov
lolqltrrv. Kcra tc divivo6 x. T.K. 6[6er.oro ngrrrto xega],ar.o pln no],u yevlxrl eixovcrtflE
lotoqicE tot fl6vrou 0nr,p6vovtaEp6 cporoyQocpr,x6
r.ll,r,xodno ro Kcqpout, rnv 'Aqyuqounol,n, rrtv "[peqc, ro 'Yrpn], (t6 ltrlgr,otriv'YqrX],dvrn6olv), ro Aeg[, ro Zouq6],,
tnv Kpxvircr, T6 Znonyrh, ro flyog vcr 0on0noer t6v dvcyvcilorn,xc,;i p6 rnv ncrqcrOeon
6vog lcgrou ris 'Agyuqoun6l.eorg,vd, cvrr,l"qg0el xcl"ureQo rov xtrlQonori o[ nQooquyeg &prlocv or6v ll6vro' 6vaE dl,l,oE rorroyQoer,xoEXoQrnErot IIepr,l3l.6nrou5i,6er,rnv
eix6va tot t6nou 0yxctcotcoeorE otrlv Mcxe6ovla. To ltrlgL6 d.n61er.
dno rnv Apcpc
40 Xr.)"r.6perga
xcl o' att6 i.lxatcotc0nxcv o'r nevnvrc npoteE oixoy6veleg dno tcr
novtraxa lolgla nori dvcrcp6g0qxcvxora dw dwcl,),clyx' dvrxl,l,aynocv pr6roug Mouooui,,pd,vougnqdlrlv xcrtolxouE rou 16 1924. 'o wqrbtoE xorQoE frrav buoxotrog, icp'
6oov eixcv 6l"cxr,ota p6ocrvd ouvrqqr10o0v,6oc 6n1..ngol,c$o.v xcl nfrqav dn6 ro vorxoxuqr6 rouE xal 5oo 6],cxr,ororouE ncg6ole npoE luapxerc :'6'E].],nvr,xo Kgcrrog,
nou nqoonoOotroevd dg0ono6noer.dno t{v Mrxgcolarr,xn Tgayo8i,a tot 1922. Kowa
toug firov ol povcXr.xol )cgaxo,tocvor, p6 rouE 6nolouE dvrdl,l,o,ooav tov ngcoro
xorQo rc nqo'r.ovrcto0 po1oou roug. )tr'1v ouv6lelc 6 ouylq. dfera(et tnv nq6rl 6paraoraon ro 06goE rots 1974'xugr.c airla rfrg dnr.l,oyflEroug o l,oyoE 6tr ro lleqlpl.enro
0upr[e rcr Xolqr,droug orov fl6vro. -Eror iyxcrcordOnxcv orn oni,rlcr rrilv dvtc],].af r,polvMouooul.po,vrDv,pd(erpav tc xegaorc, x6g6roav rd nqrrrrc xQnpcro xol rornocv
to, vtltxoxuqtc toug' tc $el"ovl6uarrilv yelrovlxriv 6aorirv, ro d06grorcrXolgacprco[xal,r1E,t ful,eto,, 6 xl,nqog p6 €vo dl,6rpl xci l36bl, 6 onopoE rdrv ;rrucpprouvocpcooul.ov nori Ecpegcvdruorov flovro dnot6),eoov tcr nqtlrc oixovopr,xc p6oa 6nrf3[otoqE
rrr;v
fiQoocpuytr)vxo.i yr,c r<luE Enopevoug pfrv€g. Kcrog0trlocv pd,l,r,orava l,elrouQynoouv
xci, olol,ei<-lylc rd nal6r"d,touE p6 6r,5doxol,o rov 'Aplotetbq )recpcv[6n, d],]"c xei ritv
Exxl"noic ro0 'Aytou Anpnrqiou. Xto,6r,cxapolvr,orcr8nplouQynocv trrla poQQnxoLvotlotrrot dqyc[opevol yr,crtryv xctcoxeurl 6qopolv, fi]"c,Trlrrtvxal &]"],ov xouvotLxrrrv
Eglorv, doxol,n0nxav ouornpattxcr p6 tnv xqnvoxcll.u6gyero. )r,yd-or.yo t6 xcopLo
dvanrril0rlxe, v6eg oixoy6vereEnpooer60noo,v,c),),a rnv eignvlnn (oln rou br.exorpe
o
nol.epog ro0 1940. 'O x. T.K. doxol,n0nxe,6n[oqE,oro pf],io tou p6 rnv xa0nirsQrvn
(olr1 to{r Ileql$},6ntou -tr1v ixx}"r1oi,o.
xcl rfv ixnat6euon-- bivovrc,E ovopota 6Lbaoxol"olv xal [eq6orv't6v dnoox6],noov, tiloo,utorE,oi dyqorr,x6E€pycoi,e(rrirv orryxal tnv xrnvorgocpio, o[ 6r,aoxe6o.oeLE
lorqrcvulv tou p6 tnv xCI,nvoxc),l"r.6q1er.a
xuL Kr
fiovnyuQro,rot lleqrpl,6nrou xql tci)v yelrovlxrlv lcrrgr,tilv,n l.c'r,xfriarpr,xn, o ycrpoE,11
pantlo4, td xal,avrc, 16 no,prcrxs9'xtL.
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x. T.K. xdper.ivoyo 1r.c toriE 6pn6goug tot xo,fivot, rt'1v6r.crrg<tcpf
rrrrv nQoogrryrrlv p6 rcr nagcSoolaxd novruaxd gcynrd, r[E vqoreieE,r6v tcrXu6g6po, rov rQofio
ngopnOeicg l3cor,xdrvei6dlv. 'O;rtl.ei, Bnlolg, yr,c pio, i6r,6tunn poQgn xorvorLotrrofr,
'Axo].ou0ei
6nog fuav i xorvorvuxn Etcrr,gelcr
ro xe$ooxfrExcrl n JrQootrlfirxndpycroia.
ylc tc XaQoXTnQLorL'xa
cpd.i,'cr,o
t[QooCIJroflovtltrlv to0 flegr,l3it6ntoungdrrXE xai 6eursQnEyevldE xcti rtg tono0etrloer.Etot ltrrgrot p6 onl,n nagcOeol gtrlroyQocpr.rilv,
nof
To Ilegip),entovAgopcg
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529
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elvcl xuLro xecpa].o.to,
6nou o ouyyQ.trt11xclOepr,cr.
cr(i,(ouvXi)"leE1,6[er.g
tr,lu: xoQrsQLXo[,eri0eiE,ox].ngo[,€nr.cpclpr.ypccper.
Tov XoQoxrrlqc t6v ouyxtrlQrc.vrilv
yevvo.iol t6 cpq6vnpc,
vsLs,xo,d),),' dycOol xata l3o.0og,0pnoxeuoptvot, tto,TQlrbteE,
rpugeqol' XcQcxrnQrorlxo elvau xa[ ta napcbelypata, p6 to 6nor"atexpnqr.6ver.tor,ig
naqcncvo.rx0Q0.xrnQtoFOUE.
tou 6 x. T.K. xaper.l,oyo ytc tnv [3ou]'yc,QLXn
)ro Enotrrevo
xecpal,olotot 13ll3),iou
eiofl],0ovot6 XtrlQrorov )ent6pf3gr,o
xatolrl xcI rnv'E0vr,xn'Avrloraon' o[ Bou].ycrgor.
'Avato]"r,xopaxe66veE
xcrl OQatou 1941 xut ol xatolxol r<lu r]n6ornoov 6l.a 6oo oi
xctcrol6oelE, <lixovopLxoI
xr.rrlteEdno touE Boul"yd.pouExoroxrltdg: l3r,crr.onga,yleE,
'H
6r.orypol,cpoqol"oytc. poul,yoQlxn xanoyil,6lcr).l.ou,otov Nopo AgdpoE frtav i6ualiDuor.xc
reqc oxl"r1Qn.
o[ fl6vrlor, rot llepr,p].6nrou ;.retellov otnv dvtlotaon n],aLoLtitvovcE ivtdnr.eE dvraqrr.x6g 6prcbeE'6 ouyyg. rucga06rer.pal.roto, xornyoQnrnqLo tot
[3ou]"ycqr.notorqo,toblxelou 3av0nE norl xatobr.xd,[er,xctolxouE tot flegr.p].6ntou,
nol.l"o[ pd,].r,otcdno t<tuE 6nolcruE€loglo0nxav ornv Bou],ycglcr xcrl irn6otnoav ta
navbervc rbErnv tnr.orpocpnrouE r6v )ent6p[3plo tof 1944.Kr:tu tov 0pcpu]"lono].epo
'Avrdrv-Toccrug,
€venl.axn orrlv 8Lcpaxn rot E.A.A.>. pt6tiE 8uvcper.Etot
ro XoJQLo
r6v 6nolo otrlQr.Lavol xaroLxor,ro! flegr.f3l,6ntounou lLcr pr.atetgcer,ia (1946-1950)
te]"uxrlEoro XoQro touE t6v
ellcrv 8LaoxoqnLo0eii6ril xcrl 6xei yld vc 6nLotg6r.pouv
'Anpt),Lo
nori 8uotulrrrE
rot 1950. Tore &p1roe prtcrv6a neqloboE d,vaou.yxqotqoeolE
56v o).oxl"nQtil0nxexci o[ xcror.xol dnoyorlteup6vor.&g1loov vc oxognlLouv otnv
Oeoocl.ovtxn, dw Aqcpc, rrlv Ko,teq[vn, rnv feqpcrvlo xal to B6],ylo. To fleqll3].ent<r
'El"l.nvonoignprorce.Mlcr Bl,ni6a va lcvo(rovrov6per ro XoQro e1var,n €lxctaotaon
vtkov rflg npdlnv )o{3lerr,xnE'EvcboeoE'
OuotuXrilE,yr.d.no},},oug},o1ouE,Epervepovov
0).rui6c.
)ro flcpdQrnLro 6 ouy1p. ncpo06ter. pnrQclo rov xctolxcov (55 oixoy6ver,eEp6
rouE dqXxyoug xcl ra tr.r6),n
rrbv oixoyrvrlrDv, ngcbtq xcll beuregrl yevra), dqXelc tflE
'Ico.
Kor.v6tntoE xcrl tou Aqpotr.xo0 l1o],e[ou, ouvdvteufrl p6 tov
Kuqr,axl8n dno to
Kcqpour, rov )rctqo Moluol8l dno 16 Aegi,v,t6v Krrlvot. )tecpavlbn dno 16 Kcrqpoit, tr1v'Avaot. )tepcv(,bn an6 t6 Aeplv, rnv Ilag06va Ei0upr,a6ou d,no tiv KaotgLx6ra rot Kcgpour, t6v Nr.xol,co Xgforou (6l,or"tfrE ngrr;tnE nQooguyrxflg yevLd.E),
rov Aqp. Kuqr,cx[6r1(Seuregnyevr.cr).
d.n6oncopc dno ro [3r.llcgariOetcl, rrloo.ritrrlE,
'Avtrrrv.
'AwtoruotE
Qrrlorngi,Sn,'E)wxrt
xard tfiE f3ouAyopmfiExaroxnc,
f3l,io rou
1941-1995, @eooal,ovixn 1959, nou dvc96petcr, o6 npootrlnc tot Ileqr,[3l,dntounou
pretellcv otnv'E0vr.xn'AvrLorcron.
Tel.r,xrilE,ro l3rl3l,iotot x. T. Kugr,o,xi,6nelvcrr.pr,c nol.u xol,x oupl3ol,n ornv ioro'E),),nvr.opot
qlcl rot flovtlaxot
xal rfrE nqoogu^yrdgrou, dl.l.a rouroxQovtrlE xci prla
nou iyxcloupBol.n otrlv lotogicr rfrE NeoreQnEMcrxe6ov[oE,Cg' 6oov o[ JrQoocpuysE
taora0nxcv o' attflv ouvrototv t6v tuno ro0 Mcxe6ovoE-Muxpo,oldrou dlorvr.o06vreE
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x. T.K. ypcger &ni'd, l.oylo
xcrtc torig 60vr.xouEdyrrlveEyra tnv 6l"l,nvr,xorntcrnE.
&nl,o f3ycl,pr6vcr
dno rnv \UuXnrou yr.dxarootdoer,E xal ng6ooncr nor] nar.6[ xci 6gn{3og
.Tvr.bqloe
zal 6Lnoe'Evc eI6oEdcpnynoeroE
ruou elvcl iotoglcr, pu0r.ot6gnpc,xoLvolvlxn
xal ronLxn loroplc.
fl cveit Lotrlp Lo Oeoocr)'ovlxqg
A O .E . K A P A O A N A > H >
530
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Kolvotcvtaxonorll"ou,Bulavrw4 @eooa)"ovfu1.
XrbpoExat I6eo),oy(,a,
flcvenlot4pr.oIrrlovvlvov,Enrorlpovr,xrlEruerlq[6c<Dr,].ooocpr,xrlE
rxo]"nE,Aol56vrl
Ilcqaqrqpcrag. 62, fr,awevo 1996.
'Yoreqc
orro rI 6t6axroqrxnrnE 6latgfr1 yLGrn Bu(cvrr,vrlMu.xe6ov[clq Ayye)'r"xr1
Kotvorovro,xofioul"ou
pcE 66rrloe
6va oxopq 13r,f3l,[o
nou oupn].4qdrver,
rqv roroQrxoYsoYeccplxrl
ncgcycoy4nou ovovttrlotrq l3u(ovrr,vr1
roroqloyqcgicxarc tr,Erel.euroleg 6excer(,eE.
'Erol
(oo.5-14),nol cxol"ou0elTov cfio.Qolrr1ro
orrlv Er,ocyrrl.1r1
ng6].oyo,unoyqappi,(erarn oqu.oolat4E r,oroqr,xrlg
yecrlyqccplaE
yLorlv xcro.v6r1olt4E r,oroqi,oE
ps
xcu nol.uxupcvroupey60oug,
nou 6ev
Bcoqtrlv 6wotc tou ltilgou trlEnol"ubr,dorcrou
elvcLq.venqp6coroE
on6 rr.gxorvrrrvr,x6g
o16oer.E.
)rq ouv61€ron ouyyp.ex06rer,
rorrE
ot6louE rqg pel"6tqE
rnE: 06l,er,
va efercorr rLEo.vofio.Qooraoer,E
rrlg Oeoocl.ovlxqE
qfi6 tov 7o trlgtov l5o o,L.oe Lotoqlxc,oeoi'oyr"xc
xcl aylol,oyrxcxelpevc,c).}"cxq.L
elxovr,xcE
ncqcoroosrETnEru6),qE
os prxeoyqog[eg,
voploporax.c. Tcrxelpevata
onoi,oaval.fovrul anoxql,tfiTouvrrE cvrr,l,4q,sLE
xor,ox6rper"E
xct' cp14v rov 6lcvooup€vtrlvBufavttvtitv. tloqal,l"q),4opolEcvtovo,xl.ouvavtr").r1r;r€rE
xaL voqrlxeg l.eLtougyleEeuqritegolv
xotvcovtxrirv
orqorporolv,6T0lcbore4 pe],ftqvo pr].o8ole[r'c tpor[oer,6va yevr,xdreqo
Lqrqpa,rlv avri]"qpn rou ldrgou xcr enop6voErTl oytorl av0qcbnou-cpuonE
xa r,n6l.qg or4 l3u(avruvrlxolv<rrv
lc.
H pel.6t4Xorqi,(etar,
oe rq[a p6gq.)ro A' p6qog(oo. l5-43)pe r(,r].o<Oeoxpcrlc
xct XibqoE>
q 1rccpil,axrogpnreonoA.tg>
xor un6tlt).o ..@eooc).ov[xq
elercfovrcr,or,
6uo )u),)'oy6Erolv @o,upcrcov
rou Ay. A4p4tB[ou2.
>ra xei,prevc
aura 4 ouyyQ.br,anlpt,oEneqr,yqcqrlE
orcbverrrlv cJrouo(,o
Touy€trlyQo,cpLxori
lriqou. rc xeipevoo,notun6vouv plo voqrr"xrlori),),npnrqE nol,4gpe 6wovo 0qqoxeurrxooupf3ol"ropo.
H OBqoxeuttx6trltc
nou 8taneqvoro XolQoouv66erau
lrero Lqrnp.arTlElmrcreofiTlgrnE cgXc[cEno]"r1E
os ptocLovlxrlxau tq 8reuquvoTl
rtrlv cgpobrorrlrovrou rfirox6nou nou nqoo€8trloe
orlv n6l.q Oqrloxlurlttolaqcxr4gc enloxrc(ovroETov rleoyev6oreqonol"r,rlx6.H lqlottcvrxrl Oeoocl,ovi,xq
xcrc rqv neg[o6orolv o.l3cqoo],o.enr,8qoprbv
rcurl(etcr, lrs rov ruo]"uou1o
rqg. H ox6o4ourq ovcpeoo.otov oyr.o
[3r,xcbv
Arlprltqtoxot rrl @eooo.l.ov[xq
excpqc[srcr,
xor or u,xovrxdg
ncqcotcoerE,6nou o vcoq
rou cyi,ououpBol,t(er,
r4v no),r1.H aval.uorlrou 'EyxwtrtloueiErcv &,ytovptyd,opaprupa anpnrgLovrou oQxwfir,ox6nou
Iorovvouoeooal.ovlxqg,
ouyyqccpfcr
rnE A' )u],troyngtorv 0cupcrov 'tot xugltogr,ou 'Eyxottrtioueigrov navtvSolov ptd,ptupaArlpLrlrQLovrou oQxrsfiLoxofiou
oeooal.ovlx4E
fl],olrlvou rov 10oar,.o6qyeI rn ouyyQ.oro
oupn6qaopc6rr q vorrrxn aurq cvti,l.lrlrr enr,xecrei,
o' 6l"qrn peooBufc.vrr,vrl
neg[or\o
xal 6tt egpqveuetalsn6 TTlvxoopocvtii'.r1rpq
r<lv Bu(cvruvdlvnou excpqc(er,
plc r\r,ccpoqerlxrl
reqagXqoq
rou enlyelouror voqrot xoopou.
To B' M€qog(oo. 45-94)pe ri,tl"o<<Duor,x6
xol.l.oExcu neBi,rrlv nargl8c n60og"
anorel"ei,
o,vdl,uoqrou 6qyourou Kcpevr,otn3
yro rqv cl.uloqrqE@eoocl"ovlxrlE.
Mlc
1. Ayyerrxrl Kovorovrq,xonoill.ou, Ioropwry yeaypaE(,a r4E Maxe\ovtaE (og-6oE ctt.),
fLcvveva 1984.
2. BI. t6qa xo,t Ayiou A1pqrplou @oupora. Ot oil.).oyeg oexllltLoxotou lotdvvou xaL av@vu1"rou.O l3ioE, ra )aipata xctt 11@nod"ovtx4 tou Ay. Arlprlrg(,ou.Er,ocytrlyrl,o1ol,r,c, e;rrpr6l.ela
ca<i tov X. Macxtqtett, Ueracpqaorla;ro tqv A)"o4 )166qr1,Ex8ooer,EAyqa, Oeooal,ov[xn 1997.
3. H ouyyg., 6noE xar, nol,l,o[ crri touE orllgovouE eqeuvqtfg, :rqorr,po yro ro ovopa tou
$u(cvtuvoti lqovtxoyqccpou rov tuno Kcplvr,drrlE, vop[(<rl op<ognolg o orrtotdq runog ei,vcLKc-
AyyeitrxnKolvotcvtcrxonoul.ou,Bu(crvrtvnOeooal.ovtxn
531
qeoon rou Kcpevr,arq 6[vel xor rov un6tur]"o tou xego].aiou <H @eooo.].ovix1rbEtv
xaroJrrQq>. Tirl,oE xcl un6trtl"oE uno5li'rilvouv rqv cvti,OeoTlfiou 6lonr,otrirveu11
rueqto6ounou elftoot oro A' pfqoE
ouyye. cvcpeoa otc xetpevo rnE peooBu(cvtr,vrlE
8ucntor<rroesnouoia l"oyou yto rov
ngdlrc
xor oro Xqovr,x6rou Kapevrarl' evdl otc
cpuor,x6xot otxtop6vo Xcbqot4E Oeoocl,ovi,xqExcu p6vo plc vorltr,xrl <0eoxqcuxrl>>
yro ro XcbQo,otov Kapevtdrrl Yro fiQ6rq QoQo orlpeldlvetor, pia, <geo.l.tott,o.vri,).qr1rq
aurn lqoo6yxi" rhq Ev xarontpqd neeLyQog1rTlEn6l,r1E.ftc tr1 ouYYQ.q br,acpogerr,xrl
yroq rou lrbqou xot I uneql3ol.r,xrg,
oupcp<rlvopt rnv oval,uorl TTIE,Yto rqv lrQcYportx6rqtc rou 1Oou sL. eux6vcrTTIEoLxovoptxrlEXOt fiv€Upatr,x4ELolnE tng @eooa).otpnro eLooYcDYLX6
o KcpevlarlE, enr,Bcl").ouvva OeorQrlooupe
vlxqE, lrou CI,voouvO6rer
po rou 6qyou rou Kcpevtctq olE petcyevforeqq ngooOr1xl.
'
oro orrolo n ouYYQ.
To f M6qog (oo.95-244) e[vat,ro xuQto rpTltrotou BtB].(,ou,
yLq,ro
0a nqoonaOrloel vo ano6ei,fer 6rr orqv toteqq [3u(avtlvrl neqi,o6o ot avrt]uqyt€LE
yrbpo xaL oL'vs)1o).ou0u to <[il.t1t1ta, nava orn cpuonxaL To rorio t4E @eooa),ov(,xqE
ava\emv{ouv ev\rccptpovra, an)rymtg xatrlyopieE xat ljtapanxtg oytottE avd'oya
pt exe(,vafiou avLxveuoa&eoro €Losy@ytxoxtfitcvo rou Kaptvftrrl.
To tpqpa cut6 8r,atqeltouoe 611op6gq: )to nqdrro (oo. l0l-147\ pe t[t].o..Or,l,ooocpi,o.
xcrr guoq> avoi'riovror lrrlgi,c l3ufcvtr,vrbv Loyitrlv, ora onolo exrl0ewat yexcrr,nqoBl"qpotr,opolyro ro guotxo xo.LotxLop€voXrilqo. M6oa an6 tqv
vr.x6goxfrirer,g
6r.cvooup6vtlv(MetoX[rq - Xoripvou) ylo.
o.vcrl.uoqoutrlxcrl rqv efetaoq tqE 6r.crpralqE
rrfv ooreovop[c xoL TrE oyeuxtE or[orfsLEtrrlv aqlolov, o].i's ]tCI,tTtEngcxtr.x6E TnExo(oaE (cpr),ooopot- 4oulcorfE) n ouyyQ.no.qcxol"oueei,tt,g Oeo:qqrw(.9txe'
Oqlreqr,vqE
leqyaoieE nou ouv6[3a],cvotn 6Laxpr,oqtqE oeoi'olLxrlEcno TTlvXoopLxrlocpc[qoxcL
rq otQocpntou ev6lo.p6qovtogtrrlv Bu(ovtlvrilv yLo rq QUon.
'
)ro 8eureqo xecpcl.clorou f p6golg (o. 149-244)yi,veror.nBoond0eLovo tvronrororiv rG ryxopLcorlxc lrop(,c yro rrl @eooo.]"ovixqotc xe lpevo,tnE neeloSoua,a].].o
nou anoSi6ovtcr, otqv n6].r1,xo[ vo eQp1v€urorlvot,
xuB[rrlgva cvc],uOouv or r"6r,6rqreg
r.oroqrx6gnqoUno0foetE tlou tr,g npoxctreoav. Ol neqloo6teqor, ouyygo,gelExcvouv
6r,ccpol.oyo yr.c tqv euo6f3etcrnE @eooo,l,ovtxqE,to fisetsxopcvo 6ptrlE trlE euo6Ber,ag
ponoretrcl xara nol"u q;r6 aur6 rrrlv 6uo )ui'i'oyrilv tcuv Oo,upot<rlvrou cylou AnpIoptrlE6ev elval ro p6vo yvrilpropa rrlE OeooclovlxrlE or4v ono(,a
rqlou. H euo6l3er,o,
o rtti'og rou x€cvcyvolq[(ovrcL no],].6Ev6eEt,6torqrrE,orrE onoleE xcL JrcQc.Jr6pnel
cpcl"c[ou <Ka),i xai 6rc rofrro cp(,),n
xai fiQooErLnargtg>. H @eoocr].ovi,x1ext6E cno
euoe[]r1Eeivu npeoflurarq yeyov6E rlou lreoxoi.'ei to ev6tccp6govytc ro toroet?to rnE
ncqel.0ov5. Ynoyqaprpri(etot,q bqpoygacplx4oullorl xot,4 nol.upoqg[a t4E @eooo.].ogevr,crqg'yr,o
rrlv erugol"oy[ctou ovtrpcroEBI.Aqp. Itrr.fecoqlcxcg,<)uptft;]"neiEtnv rofitllvuA}qvd 48 (1938)76 xut f . TocqcE,Ioawou Kapevd.rou otrlv dlaory r4g @eotrrrxnvEqeuvctv>>,
- Metccpqcoq- XXoIta, Oeoocl.ov[xn1987,oo. 19-20.B].. xcl
oa).ovfur1E
OU tt.X.), ELocycoyrl
ror.r[6rou,<H cu0evrrxotqrcrou Xeovrxorirou Itocwou Kcpevldrq>,Butavrmxa 8 ( 1988)44.
4. B)". t6qc xct Bcor,l,r,xrl
Neqavt!4-Boa[o(n, Eyxrbpn rrlEl3u(avrw1g @eooil'ov('xqE.
Erocytrlyq,xe[pevc,petapqco4,Oeooc]"ovlxnI 999.
6rl n Otl"tnnou
riplv 6otrv6tr 'Parpclor,€og"ev,
5. B),.xcr Arovuolc Mrotou,<<Mvlpoveut6ov
'
ouv€1elcrou ei.l,qvlopou>,B Arc9vtEZuvexaf 'Al,elcvbgouripiv rincgler ncrgig. H r,oroqLx4
<H
AextpljptoE
1922,
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rou
Bulovrlou",
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6pto
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tou Bu,tcrbeo].oyi,c
tqg [6r,cg,<H Maxe8ovtcorqv no].r.tLxr1
vriour', MaxeSov(,a.Ioropia xat rd"nrcpog, Atq7ep(,6a20 xat 2l Oxrol3p[,ou1995,<D],tilqtvc
oo.290-3U.
1997,
532
Br.$l"r.oxqr,oleE
v[xqE@tavdpotoa / ro),uav0qanoE),n Feropo]"r1
rou no].lruxorixor orxovoprxournE
qol.ou (xaM.[orn,ei\atptrrtv,Aoytpn)xcr n no].q eyxotpr.a(etcr,
yro rnv etvop[av xai
io6rnra fiou XoQoxrqq(,(el
rr,EoX6oer,E
rtrtvxcro(,xtrlvrnE (twoyturd.rn,ouEQovtotarq,
\mutorarrD. Ano to t6l"oEtou 12oucr,.61oupecvccpoqfE
Jrourqv u.vc8euxvtouv
trlE
x6vrqo (ptoD xavxap\ia svoEsueuregoulcilgou,6ror riloteq Oeooal"ovlxqxarc]"4yer,
va ouyxglvtroLoxopc xot p€ rqv l6r,crr1l3aor,l,euouoa
an6 rlv onola xo,ro,fiooro,oLonoleitqL. Ilcqc)'l.ql.o nqoBdl"),uxor 11r,brorqrcrqg n6),r1E
<ogrucrq(,OoE
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iprbon; xat Epatrttvn{' wa opcDE
ot cpu}"ooogor,
cvru}"appavovruu
rrlv xo}"q/narql6ao4
cuOunaqxrrlxorvcovr,xonol"ltr,xrl
povo,6a,yro rouEqoulcorfE 4 ox6oqfiQoErrlv no),n
p6vo p6ocano 0eol,oyr,xouE
excpgc(erar
ogouE.
H 8r,epeuvrlorl
rov oyttr,xritvps rn @eoocl,ovlxqlrrlgitrtv66er,fe6vo.no].uouv0ero
pi,c o].o xoL on[ovrr,x6reqr1
nqocp[]"rqE n6]'r1E,
O€oqtlE no],qgorrlv ouroxqcroqlcr
nou 6ev onorel"ouvanl.a ry?{<r;prooruxa
oxrlpcra,s},}"oexcppcfouv
rnv rlQoyparrxa
neqi,onr40€o4rqE @eooal"ovLxrlg
o' currl tq ouyxug[c.'Eror,xor n qeu]"r,otr,xr1,
fiotruorrvOerqeux6vcrqE @eooa),ovlxqE
on6 tov Kcpevldrl goveqdlveLxcrro.rn ouyye.
avtll"rlqetEfiou cncvrouv oe xelpevotou l4ou xou 61r rou 10oual. To oupnfqcopc
TnETo evtoXtielpe p(c ou.Txqr,oq
ovcpeoaotlv eux6vorqEOeooal.ovix4E
nou crvqopv06rer,
o Kcpevr,arqs,xalo' cut4 tou Xoupvouxol cvdpeocorrlv ofiooreoqTlrou Mcvouql"flcl.crr,o).oyou
rleoErouE @eoocl"ovr,xeiE
xo,t o' o.ur4rou orQcrrnyouNLxrltc,
nou negl),apBavercr
oto xelpevorou Kapevlorq.
)ro rel.eurolorprlpo rou ${3}.loupe ri,r},oAvrl enu}.oyou
(oo. z4s-269)n ouyye.
noqoxol.ou0eirr,E8r,ccpogerr,n6g
poqg€ErrlEsrxovcErnE @eoos)"ovLxqg
oro n6qcopc
tou XqovouxGt ro toroQtxc6e6opevo
fiou ufioyoQsuoav
xc0e eoQoTouEenroqr,xoirE
rofiouEPsrouEonolouEeyxorpldotrlxs
rrlEorr
I nol.q.Encvcl"cppcvelrov loxuQrolro
ro xe(,ptvorou Kapevtarrlyw t4v d,)"oto\qE ro),r1Ero 9M, xuglaE ro €LoayaymoptQoE11€rnv €y\r(t4)morw\reqrypaE1 rrTE@eooa).ovixr1g,
avr1xetpal(, pe ra un6).otta
ava)'oyaxd,peva4 ng oxognlEEd,vaEoetgoulv uortQnf3u(avrwrlnep[o6o.)Xo],la(el
yuad)'l'Tlpla cpoqarr1blcpdXqavcpeooorouEcpr,]"oo6gouE
xor 4oulaor€Excr rroeo6(,6eu
rr1oxurc].qOiyovrcg6va no],u ev6r,acp6gov
rqE ox6o4gr4g er,x6vag
rnE
!r1tr1pc,
ps rn oqpeqr,vrl'
Suarundver,
rqv o,nor.pTl
Bu(cvrlvr;E@eoocl"ovlxrlg
orr rl oqpepr,vrl
er,x6vc t4g <eg<rltlxrlE
@eooaLovlxr1g"
lqororcer,no],],dorouEqouloor6Erou l4ou al.
To l3fi'lo xl.elveu
pe6vrexcelx6vegxoLrov nlvcxo neglexop6v<ov.
flq6xeltct yt,c p[c ouv0etr;nqooeyyr,orl
rou roroglxorilrilqou rqE @eooo],ov[xqE
lroLouyxQov<og
fiQtrlrorufi4,pro xot o.fiouor,cfouv
avdl,oyegpeL6reg
yro rrE Bufcvtr.v6E
nol.er,E.
Tqv eqyco[clcgoxtqg[(e t o.ruo],urrl
ouvoxrl,ttor dlorexo0erpnpo va srlorE],ei
ouotcrr,x6xoppcrr,tou pfl.[ou. H ouvoxnautn ei,vo,r,
p[c o,n6rlE no],],6Ecqeregrrlg
eqyoolaE,64plougyelopolgxcr,6uoxo]"ieg
orq pe],€r1,nou y[vovror cxopTlpeyc],urel{ot p{3}"rcygcaiag.
H cnouolc rorv re],eurafolvxcOr.oru
QsEofio rnv ofiouo[a nuvd,xtrlv
6uoxol,oxor, rov 6l,ey1olror,rrlv enloqpcvoqBLfil,loyqacpr,xdlv
el,l,ei,rpeolv,
o,vxo,r 0G
nq6nelvc tovlooupre
otl elvcl evrun<rlor,axr;
q aveoqps rnv onola n ouyye.xlveltct oe
pla t6oo paxqc lgovr,xrlneqlo6o
xor ot tooo 8lccpogerr.xc
06pcrarc onola xcroq$dl6. H cnoxto6txonoi,qo4
tqg LbuotltcgautriEanorel.ei,yro rnv Krovoro,vrcxonoul.ou
rqv
nqoUn<ieeol
Yto rrlv cv[lveuor;rou eorvo[6vour4g OqploupliaEe0vrxrlE
ouvetE4oqq.
flc ro ;rqo'E),].4veE.
0lnpa curo $L. Muolou,o.n. xut rqg [6rcg,<popclor 11
To nqo$l"r.1po
rng e:ri,or;pr;E
urowuplcg t<ovBulavtuvtilv>,Ilpaxrua Zuvt6p(,ouE),L4vtxognapa\ootnxoEno).trtoptdq.AaoypaE(,a- Iotop(,o,Oeoocl,ovlxr;,
No6p$pr,oE
1998.
Bufcvt rvrl @eoocl"ov
lxn
Ay.1el,LxnKcovorcvto.xonoul"ou,
533
vrr vo, ouve6rel novol orov xrvreLllo Loro tou nqoBl.tlpcroE yto rn oto.oq tov flufovtr,vtilv Olq.vooup6vrrlvsn6vcrvrl orq cprioqxor rqv nol.q. @o.neqlogrordr 6tot povo o€ y€vtx6g rcqarqqrloer,E' e[c].].ou o 0eop6Erqg )uvcvrnonE tolv E].],rlvorv Bufavrlvo].6yrrlv
sfisresq'r xor rov apeoo 6tc)"oyo peraEu rtrrv eetuvrltdlv yr,c tqv enr,orlpavoqncqo)"el!rerrlv r1af3),epurrv.
1) H rorogr,oyqccplarolv tel"eurolrrlv 1p6vtov, xo0rrlE epn].out(,(erot ps tr; pe].etr1
xoracp€qvt[ vo, xcvel xoouyyev6v xl.a6orv xal cpuor,xcxor rnE r,orogrxrlEyeorygacp(,aE,
xor va 6droelancrvrnoeugoe egorrrlpatcr
tcvoqra xolvrrlvrxc xal lSeol.oytxocpor,vop€vo
roroeroyQocp(,c.
Elvau ruqocpov6E
ra onoio. 6pevav avcrncvr4rcran6 rn ysyovorol.oyr,xrp
6ra tou xtQoEcpuoe@E
xat no).eaE )"o6rr ro rugof3l,qparrou rl ouyyQ. e6l.er,va cpr.otioeu
you eLvatro nqol3l,qpo rnE cueevrlx6rrlroE xCI,rXQovol,oyloqgrou €gyou rou Kapevlctq, nou 60eoero 1978o A. P. KaZdan' q 6opn e[a]'trou rqE eqycoloE ultoyoQeu€ror
an6 rov oXErLIloruqo$),qpcrr,op6.Ano t4v dnoQn currl 0o neqfpeve lo.velg plc ouorqporuxrl cvaoxeurl Tov €fiLxrLQnparolv
tnE dnoQnEfiou 661etcru6rl ro xelpevo rou Kcrpevlo.r4 eivor,6qyo q.urofiTrlpcgtuga tou 10ou or., xo,r 6Xr.prio anl"r1naqano1rnn otn
oxu rxi fi{3}.uoyqog
lcr.
ouv6],crl3cvrrlv no].q yevr.xcr
2) O reonoE Lr"€
rov onoio ou (3u(cvtr,vo[6ucvooti;.revou
To
xoL rrl @eooal"ovlx4 el6r.xoreqoelaqraral or[o rLE OecoqrlrrxfETouE crcpetqgieE.
16r,ooproEnaQarneEfror xoL orouE ve6repouEroroQrxouET'4 eppr;veLc rouE eloqrctar,
cn6 r4v 0e<ogqtlxrlrouE ocperqglc.H ouyye. 61er,olE ocperrlglo,
r1v eepnvsi,aotr, n Oeoxqatuxq xoopocvtltrnrpn trlv Bu(cvtr,vcirvouvencyetar, pic unotipqo4 tou enlyelou
xooprou xor orl <cpuoroxQottxtq>cvrr),r1perEngoUno06touv p[c ouorlpcrrxrl yvcrrorl
rurv oqlaitov xelp€volv. Av optrlE 0ecoprloouperq pu(cvrr,vr10eoxgauxrl oraoq orE plc
c),),4 dxeqoon rng cv0golnoxevrqr.xrlE
xor ov elercooupe ro Bufavrlo 61r,oe ouyxqrorl
ovrorqrc, 0c avrll"lcpOoupe6uol-r€TTlvoQxororrlra, al.l.o,rrlg aur6voprl no).r,rLoprxr1
cpoqetlxata evbr.acp€eovrc
rrov Bu(avrlvcirv8.H eqycolc optrlETTIEK. 6ev pnoqel rtaqc
va afLol.oyrl0el pe fiaon r4v CI.cpsrTlqia
tqE, lro.rtrlEr6roro xqlvercl ouvenrlg xo.l pe0o6ol"oyr,xo.oe0ne, xor p€ Boorl rry fiQorrorur[lc r4E' 11oupBo],r1rqE, 6nolE ncvrc a],],trtore, 6€v elo,gtcrcr a:r6 tlE anowrloelE, al"l,o,an6 ra rooo. epe0lopCI,To.
nou nqoxo,l.eoe:
q cvcl"uoq tcov r"brorrlTtrlv
rnE @eooal.ovlxqgoup$c],],er,yevuxa xor orrl blepeuvrloq
tqE Bu(cvrlvrlE xor,vrrlvioEorqv rloteqq neqiobo xal ei,pnl olyouqrl
XoQoxrnQLotuxrilv
6tr, 0a nqoxcl.6oer rov rfitorrlpovLlro6ntroyo.
fl avrr lotrlplo Oeoocl.ovixqq
AIONYXIA MI>IOY
yto rLE|3u[avrlv6E
7. KLcolxo ;roqc8eLypra
onou66Eanore].elro nq6l3],qpo
rrlq rrQooXcilqno1ETou M. Kcovotavtlvou,yrc ro onolo or roroQrxol0a 8r,ccpcrlvouv
navrore cvc],oyoU€rrE
06oer,g
rouE.
8. Ott, o OcupcopriEyr,orrl cpuoqcl,l,c xor rl <firQrBcl,l,ovro),oyr,x4>
ouveiOrloqxcl ro rvpovo orr,gcvtL].r1r.1rer,E
6Lcq6qovyto rTlvnol,q rtov Bu[cvrLvcirv6Evc,vru;roxglvovrc,r
rnq,uor€- K. f . IIr,rooxqg,@uotx6xat 6opt4lttvotr€elqof3ulcvtLvrlE
neqro6ou131..
rdlqc I. N. Tgcor.avog
'I6gupo.
foul,ov6grl-Xogv,A0rlvc 1998'Baor),r,xq
Toup;rfia)J.ovonq (3u(avtwtEvolttxtErrnytg,
tooyl.ou-ZtecpcvtOou,
IItp(,ypappal3ulavrwtbvotxo\olttxtitvftEetoeLoltritv.
Atto tov Ioltotwwvo
orov Agpev1nouAoxat q npol3d,i orq vopo)eoiarou vrce)J,qvmouxparoug,Etclgei,cMsxe6ovLxrirvI;toubriv, Oeoocr),ovixn
I 998.
9. Ol ;ragctqqqoeuE
xug[rrrqorrs oo. 59,227xulZ47 rrlv xa].unrouvxo,rcrn6vcvtr,
oe evotooel(, ott yto rrlv eqpqve[crqg 6lccpoqerrxrlg
or]]"],lqtnE
rqE cpuorlg
airo rouq pu(cvrr.vofEStcvooupevouE€1elncqcBl.6qelal,},ougncgdyovregrt orr n eqycolcot4gi,(eror,
o' 6vc argumentumex
silentio.
534
BL13),roxgroieE
Sharon Gerstel, Beholding the sacred mysteries, Programs of the Byzantine Sanctuary,
(CollegeArt Association.Monographon the Fine Arts, LVI. Ed. Debra Pincus),Seattleand
London 1999,X + 214 oel..,5 6yXptolrot,
xct, 90 poxeoCI.ofigou
nivcxeE.
rou Iepou
Kevrqr,x6 Oeparr,xoa[ovc rnE fioQouocE pe].6r1Eanore].el n LoroQTlorl
Brlparog, rou leq6teqou orlpei,ourou Bufavrr,vorlvco{ xceolE xor oL lrgoextuoeLExcrL
ou oupl3ol.r,opoinou cnt4, xctc xargotig, cn€xtqoe. Aev ev6r,c96qerrq ouyyQ.va 66oe r,
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SharonGerstel,Beholding
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