exciter models

Transcription

exciter models

NEPLAN AG
Oberwachtstrasse 2
8700 Küsnacht ZH
Switzerland
Phone: +41 44 914 36 66
Fax :+41 44 991 19 71
www.neplan.ch
bcp@neplan.ch
NEPLAN V555
EXCITER MODELS
Standard Dynamic Excitation Systems in NEPLAN Power System Analysis Tool
Contents
General
13
Per Unit (p.u.) System:
Excitation system Diagram
Input Signals to the Excitation System:
Ouput Signals to the Excitation System:
Voltage Compensator
Saturation in exciter controller
Rectifier Regulation Characteristic according to FMOD
Inputs <<enumeration>> of EXCITERS, STEREOTYPE <<enum>>
13
14
15
15
15
16
17
18
EXCITER Simple
19
Parameters
Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES:
- No CIM/CGMES model
19
19
19
EXCITER Simple with Limits
20
Parameters
20
20
20
EXCITER AC1
21
Parameters
21
22
22
EXCITER AC1A
23
Parameters
- ExcIEEEAC1A
23
24
24
EXCITER AC1A CIM/CGMES
25
Parameters
- EXAC1A
25
26
26
EXCITER AC2A
27
Parameters
- ExcIEEEAC2A
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27
28
28
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1
EXCITER AC3A
29
Parameters
- ExcIEEEAC3A
29
30
30
EXCITER AC4A
31
Parameters
- ExcIEEEAC4A
31
31
31
EXCITER AC5A
32
Parameters
- ExcIEEEAC5A
32
33
33
EXCITER AC6A
34
Parameters
- ExcIEEEAC6A
34
35
35
EXCITER AC7B
36
Parameters
- ExcIEEEAC7B
36
37
37
EXCITER - AC8B
38
EXCITER - AC8B 2005
38
Parameters
- ExcIEEEAC8B
38
39
39
EXCITER – BBC1
40
Parameters
40
40
40
EXCITER – BBC1 Simple
40
EXCITER - BBSEX1
41
Parameters
- ExcBBC
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41
41
41
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2
EXCITER - BUDCZT
42
Parameters
- ExcCZ
42
42
42
EXCITER - CELIN
43
Parameters
- No CIM/CGMES Model
43
44
44
EXCITER - DC1A
45
Parameters
- ExcDC1A
45
46
46
EXCITER - DC1A 2005
47
Parameters
- ExcIEEEDC1A
47
48
48
EXCITER - DC2A
49
Parameters
49
50
50
EXCITER - DC2A 2005
51
Parameters
- ExcIEEEDC2A
51
52
52
EXCITER – DC3A
53
Parameters
53
53
53
EXCITER – DC3A 2005
54
Parameters
- ExcIEEEDC3A
54
54
54
EXCITER – DC4B
55
Parameters
- ExcIEEEDC4B
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55
56
56
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3
EXCITER - EXAC1A
57
Parameters
- ExcAC1A
57
58
58
EXCITER – EXAC2
59
Parameters
59
60
60
EXCITER – EXAC2A
61
Parameters
- ExcAC2A
61
62
62
EXCITER – EXAC3
63
Parameters
63
64
64
EXCITER – EXAC3A
65
Parameters
- ExcAC3A
65
66
66
EXCITER – EXAC4
67
Parameters
- ExcAC4A
67
67
67
EXCITER – EXAC5A
68
Parameters
- ExcAC5A
68
69
69
EXCITER – EXCAC6A
70
Parameters
- ExcAC6A
70
71
71
EXCITER – EXAC8B
72
Parameters
- ExcAC8B
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72
73
73
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4
EXCITER - EXBAS
74
Parameters
74
75
75
EXCITER – EXCANS
76
Parameters
- ExcANS
76
76
76
EXCITER – EXCAVR1
77
Parameters
- ExcAVR1
77
77
77
EXCITER – EXCAVR2
78
Parameters
- ExcAVR2
78
78
78
EXCITER – EXCAVR3
79
Parameters
- ExcAVR3
79
79
79
EXCITER – EXCAVR4
80
Parameters
- ExcAVR4
80
80
80
EXCITER – EXCAVR5
81
Parameters
- ExcAVR5
81
81
81
EXCITER – EXCAVR7
82
Parameters
- ExcAVR7
82
82
82
EXCITER - ExcELIN2
83
Parameters
- ExcELIN2
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83
84
84
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5
EXCITER - EXCHU
85
Parameters
85
85
85
EXCITER – EXCOEX3T
86
Parameters
- ExcOEX3T
86
87
87
EXCITER - EXCSK
88
Parameters
- ExcSK
88
89
89
EXCITER - EXCST1A
90
Parameters
- ExcST1A
90
90
90
EXCITER – EXELI
91
Parameters
- ExcELIN1
91
92
92
EXCITER - EXPIC1
93
Parameters
- ExcPIC
93
94
94
EXCITER - EXST2A
95
Parameters
95
96
96
EXCITER - FREADC
97
Parameters
97
97
97
EXCITER - IEEET1
98
Parameters
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98
99
99
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6
EXCITER - IEEET2
100
Parameters
100
101
101
EXCITER - IEEET3
102
Parameters
- ExcDC3A1
102
103
103
EXCITER - IEEET4
104
Parameters
104
105
105
EXCITER – IEEET5
106
Parameters
106
107
107
EXCITER – IEEEX1
108
Parameters
108
109
109
EXCITER – IEEEX2
110
Parameters
- ExcDC2A
110
111
111
EXCITER – IEEEX3
112
Parameters
112
113
113
EXCITER - IEEEX4
114
Parameters
- ExcDC3A (only valid with kr = 0 in CIM/CGMES)
114
115
115
EXCITER - IEET1A
116
Parameters
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116
117
117
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7
EXCITER - IEET1B
118
Parameters
118
119
119
EXCITER – IEET5A
120
Parameters
120
120
120
EXCITER – IEEX2A
121
Parameters
121
121
121
EXCITER – PSAT Type1
122
Parameters
122
122
122
123
Parameters
123
123
123
EXCITER - REXSYS
124
Parameters
- ExcREXS
124
125
125
EXCITER - SCRX
126
Parameters
- ExcSCRX
126
126
126
EXCITER – SEXS
127
Parameters
127
127
127
EXCITER – SEXS 2005
128
Parameters
- ExcSEXS
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128
128
128
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8
EXCITER - ST1A
129
Parameters
- ExcIEEEST1A
129
130
130
EXCITER - ST2A
131
Parameters
ExcIEEEST2A
131
132
132
EXCITER - ST2A 2005
133
Parameters
- ExcST2A
133
134
134
EXCITER - ST3A
135
Parameters
- ExcIEEEST3A
135
136
136
EXCITER - ST3
137
Parameters
- ExcST3A
137
138
138
EXCITER - ST4B
139
Parameters
- ExcIEEEST4B
139
140
140
EXCITER - ST4B 2005
141
Parameters
- ExcST4B
141
142
142
EXCITER – ST5B
143
Parameters
- ExcIEEEST5B
143
144
144
EXCITER – ST6B
145
Parameters
- ExcST6B
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145
146
146
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9
EXCITER – ST6B CIM/CGMES
147
Parameters
- ExcIEEEST6B
147
147
147
EXCITER – ST7B
148
Parameters
- ExcIEEEST7B
148
148
148
EXCITER - URST5T
149
Parameters
149
149
149
EXCITER - TYPE 1
150
Parameters
150
151
151
EXCITER - TYPE 12
152
Parameters
152
152
152
EXCITER - TYPE 15
153
Parameters
153
153
153
EXCITER - TYPE 4
154
Parameters
154
155
155
EXCITER – Type ST2
156
Parameters
156
157
157
EXCITER – Type ST3 (SCRX MODIFIED)
158
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158
158
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10
EXCITER– Type W
159
Parameters
159
159
159
EXCITER– Type WA
160
Parameters
160
161
161
EXCITER– Type WB
162
Parameters
162
163
163
EXCITER– Type WC
164
Parameters
164
165
165
EXCITER– Type WD
166
Parameters
166
167
167
EXCITER– Type WE
168
Parameters
168
169
169
EXCITER– Type WF
170
Parameters
170
171
171
EXCITER– Type WFA
172
Parameters
172
173
173
EXCITER– Type WG
174
Parameters
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174
174
174
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11
EXCITER– Type WH
175
Parameters
175
176
176
EXCITER– Type WHA
177
Parameters
177
178
178
EXCITER– Type WI
179
Parameters
179
180
180
EXCITER– Type WJ
181
Parameters
181
181
181
EXCITER– Type WK
182
Parameters
182
182
182
EXCITER– Type WKA
183
Parameters
183
183
183
EXCITER– Type WP
184
Parameters
184
184
184
EXCITER– Type WQ
185
Parameters
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185
185
185
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12
EXCITER MODELS
General
The excitation system model provides the field voltage (Efd) for a synchronous machine
model. It is linked to a specific generator (synchronous machine). The data parameters are
different for each excitation system model; the same parameter name may have different
meaning in different models.
ENTSO-E, an association of the European electricity transmission system operators, selected
the Common Information Model (CIM) standards of the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) as a basis for its own CIM standards. These standards aim at ensuring the
reliability of grid models and market information exchanges.
In 2013, ENTSO-E adopted a new standard for grid models exchange called the Common Grid
Model Exchange Standard (CGMES). The CGMES is a superset of the IEC CIM standards
(belonging to IEC CIM16). It was developed to meet necessary requirements for the
transmission system operators, which exchange data in the areas of system operations,
network planning and integrated electricity markets.
All the CIM/CGMES regulators models are included in NEPLAN Power System Analysis Tools.
Per Unit (p.u.) System:
One p.u. field current is the current required to produce rated voltage on the air-gap line of the
open-circuit synchronous machine. Other machine p.u. values are based on the machine
ratings.
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13
Excitation system Diagram
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14
Input Signals to the Excitation System:
VT
Bus voltage, positive sequence, p.u.
IT
Stator output current, positive sequence, p.u.
IFD
Field current, positive sequence, p.u.
VPSS
Output signal from the power system stabilizers.
VUEL
Output signal from the Under Excitation Limiter.
VOEL
Output from Field Current Limiter
VOEL
Output from Stator Current Limiter
Ouput Signals to the Excitation System:
EFD
Field voltage (p.u.)
Voltage Compensator
When defining the real and imaginary parts of the bus voltage U and the stator output current I
as:
VT = VD + jVQ
I = ID + jIQ
the controlled voltage VC can be derived by the voltage transducer as:
VC 
VD  ID  RC  IQ  XC 2  UQ  IQ  RC  ID  XC 2
XC
Reactive compensation degree. A negative value means a droop is created in
the bus voltage, proportional to the reactive current output at an over-excited
machine. Analogously, a positive value means a voltage rise. Reactive current
at an under-excited machine gives opposite signs.
Parameter Range: 0 < |XC| < 1.0
RC
Active compensation degree. Analogously defined.
Parameter Range: 0 < |RC| < 1.0
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15
Saturation in exciter controller
Saturation is represented like a quadratic function:
For
Else
Where:
with
Saturation values:
= Saturation SE at
= Saturation SE at 0.75·U
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16
Rectifier Regulation Characteristic according to FMOD
For the following systems, there are two modes for the function FEX = f(IN) :
TYPE ST2, ST3, WC, WF, WFA, WH, WHA.
If the Rectifier Regulation Characteristic according to FMOD=0.
If IN ≤ I0
FEX= F0A
If I0 <IN ≤ I1
FEX= F1A-F1B · IN
If I1 <IN ≤ I2
FEX=-F2A · (IN+F2B +F2C
If I2 <IN ≤ I3
FEX= F3A-F3B · IN
If IN > I3
FEX= F4A
If the Rectifier Regulation Characteristic according to FMOD=1.
If IN ≤ I0
FEX= F0A
If I0 <IN ≤ I1
FEX= F1A-F1B · IN
If I1 <IN ≤ I2
If I2 <IN ≤ I3
FEX= F3A · (F3B - IN )
If IN > I3
FEX= F4A
Default values for Rectifier Regulation Characteristic
FMOD=0
FMOD=1
I0
=0
=0
I1
= 0.51
= 0.433
I2
= 0.715
= 0.75
I3
= 1.0
= 1.0
F0A
=0
=0
F1A
=1
=1
F1B
= 0.58
= 0.577
F2A
= 0.865
= 0.75
F2B
= 0.00826
= 1.0
F2C
= 0.9233
not applicable
F3A
= 1.68
= 1.732
F3B
= 1.714
= 1.
F4A
=0
=0
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17
Inputs <<enumeration>> of EXCITERS, STEREOTYPE <<enum>>
Type of connection for the UEL input used in ExcIEEEST1A
<<enum>>
0
Ignore UEL signal
ignoreUELsignal
1
UEL input added to error signal
<<enum>> inputAddedToErrorSignal
2
3
UEL input HV gate with error si gnal
UEL input HV gate with voltage
regulator output
<<enum>> inputHVgateErrorSignal
<<enum>> inputHVgateVoltageOutput
Type of rate feedback signals used in REXSYS
0
The exciter field current is used
1
The voltage regulator output voltage
is used. It is the same as exciter field
voltage
2
The output voltage of the exciter is
used
<<enum>>
fieldCurrent
<<enum>> filedVoltage
<<enum>> outputVoltage
Type of connection for the OEL input used for static excitation systems type 6B
<<enum>> noOELinput
0
No OEL input is used
1
The connection is before UEL
<<enum>> beforeUEL
2
The connection is after UEL
<<enum>> afterUEL
Type of connection for the OEL input used for static excitation systems type 7B
<<enum>> noOELinput
0
No OEL input is used
1
The signal is added to Vref
<<enum>> addVref
2
The signal is connected in the input
of the LV gate
<<enum>> inputLVgate
3
The signal is connected in the output
of the LV gate
<<enum>> outputLVgate
Type of connection for the UEL input used for static excitation systems type 7B
<<enum>> noUELinput
0
No UEL input is used
1
The signal is added to Vref
<<enum>> addVref
2
The signal is connected in the input
of the HV gate
<<enum>> inputHVgate
3
The signal is connected in the output
of the HV gate
<<enum>> outputHVgate
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18
EXCITER Simple
Simple AVR
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
Seconds
Description
Filter time constant
Voltage regulator time constant
Voltage regulator gain
Maximum voltage regulator output
Notes
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19
EXCITER Simple with Limits
Simple AVR with EFD limit
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
EFDMAX
EFDMIN
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
Description
Minimum voltage regulator output
Notes
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20
EXCITER AC1
IEEE Type AC1 Excitation System model 1981
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF
KC
KD
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
KE
E1
pu
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Description
Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter
control
Excitation control system stabilizer gains
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator
reactances
Exciter constant related to self-excited field
Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating
reactance at which saturation is defined
Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter
voltage, E1, back of commutating reactance
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21
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.49
0 < TB < 19.99
0 < TC < 19.99
0 < KA < 999.99
0 < TA < 9.99
0 < VAMAX ≤ 15
0 ≤ E1
-15 ≤ VRMIN < -0.01
0 < VRMAX ≤ 15.0
SE(E1) < SE (E2)
0.02 < TE < 2
0 < KF ≤ 0.3
0.02 < TF < 1.5
0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
0 ≤ KD ≤ 1
0 < KE ≤ 1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
E1 < E2
Notes
The Rectifier Regulation Characteristic F(IN):
Saturation:
See the paragraph Saturation in exciter controller.
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22
EXCITER AC1A
IEEE Type AC1A Excitation System
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF
KC
KD
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
KE
E1
pu
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
VRMAX
VRMIN
pu
pu
Description
control
reactances
Maximum voltage regulator outputs
Minimum voltage regulator outputs
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23
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 < TB < 20
0 < TC < 20
0 < KA < 1000
0 < TA < 10.0
0 < VAMAX ≤ 15
-15 ≤ VAMIN < 0
-10 ≤ VRMIN < 0
0 < VRMAX ≤ 10.0
0.02 < TE < 2
0< KF ≤ 0.3
0.02 < TF < 1.5
0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
0 ≤ KD ≤ 1
0 < KE ≤ 1
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE (E2)
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcIEEEAC1A
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24
EXCITER AC1A CIM/CGMES
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF
KC
KD
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
KE
E1
pu
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
VRMAX
VRMIN
KF1
pu
pu
pu
Description
control
reactances
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model. Typical Value
=0
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25
KF2
pu
HVLVGATES
Boolean
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model. Typical Value
=1
Indicates if both HV gate and LV gate are active (HVLVgates).
true = gates are used
false = gates are not used.Typical Value = true.
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 < TB < 20
0 < TC < 20
0 < KA < 1000
0 < TA < 10.0
0 < VAMAX ≤ 15
-15 ≤ VAMIN < 0
-10 ≤ VRMIN < 0
0 < VRMAX ≤ 10.0
0.02 < TE < 2
0 < KF ≤ 0.3
0.02 < TF < 1.5
0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
0 ≤ KD ≤ 1
0 < KE ≤ 1
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE (E2)
Notes
Saturation:
- EXAC1A
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26
EXCITER AC2A
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
KB
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
VFEMAX
KH
KF
TF
KC
KD
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
KE
E1
pu
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Description
Second stage regulator gain
control
Exciter field current limit reference
Exciter field current feedback gain
reactances
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27
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 < TB < 20
0 < TC < 20
0 < KA < 1000
0 < TA < 10.0
0 < VAMAX ≤ 10
-10 ≤ VAMIN < 0
-500 ≤ VRMIN < 0
0 < VRMAX ≤ 500
0 < KB ≤ 500
0 ≤ KH ≤ 1.1
0.02 < TE < 2
0 < KF ≤ 0.3
0.02 < TF < 1.5
0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
0 ≤ KD ≤ 1
0 < KE ≤ 1
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE (E2)
- 5 < VFEMAX ≤ 20
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcIEEEAC2A
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28
EXCITER AC3A
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
Seconds
VFEMIN
KR
pu
pu
KF
TF
KN
EFDN
KC
KD
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
KE
E1
pu
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Description
control
Minimum exciter voltage output
Constant associated with regulator and alternator field power
supply
Excitation control system stabilizer gain
Value of EFD at which feedback gain changes
reactances
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Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 < TB < 20
0 < TC < 20
0 < KA < 1000
0 < TA < 10.0
0 < VAMAX ≤ 10
-10 ≤ VAMIN < 0
-10 ≤ VRMIN < 0
0 < VRMAX ≤ 10
0 ≤ KR < 75
0 ≤ KN < 0.3
0.02 < TE < 4
0 < KF ≤ 0.3
0.02 < TF < 1.5
0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
0 ≤ KD ≤ 1
0 < KE ≤ 1
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE (E2)
- 5 < VFEMAX ≤ 20
Notes
Saturation:
See the paragraph Saturation in exciter.
- ExcIEEEAC3A
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EXCITER AC4A
Parameters
NAME
TR
VIMAX
VIMIN
TC
TB
KA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KC
Type
Seconds
pu
pu
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
Description
Maximum voltage regulator input limit
Minimum voltage regulator input limit
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.1
0 < VIMAX ≤ 0.2
-0.2 < VIMIN ≤ 0
0 < TC < 10.0
0.04 < TB < 20
50 < KA ≤ 1000
0 < TA < 0.5
5 ≤ KA × TC/TB ≤ 15
3 ≤ VAMAX ≤ 8
-8 < VAMIN ≤ - 3
Notes
- ExcIEEEAC4A
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EXCITER AC5A
VS = VPSS+VUEL+VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF1
TF2
TF3
E1
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 500
0 < TA < 1.0
0.5 < VRMAX < 10.0
-10 < VRMIN < 0
0.04 < TE < 1.0
Description
control
E1 < E2
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1.0
SE(E1) < SE(E2)
5.0 ≤ TF/KF ≤ 15.0
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF1 < 1.5
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-1.0 ≤ KE ≤ 1.0
0 ≤ E1
0 < TF2
0 < TF3
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcIEEEAC5A
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33
EXCITER AC6A
VS = VPSS+VOEL+VUEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
TK
TB
TC
VAMAX
VAMIN
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
VFELIM
KH
VHMAX
TH
TJ
KC
KD
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
KE
E1
pu
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Description
control
Exciter field current limiter gain
Maximum field current limiter signal reference
Exciter field current limiter time constant
reactances
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Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 < TB < 20
0 < TC < 20
0 < KA < 1000
0 < TA < 10.0
0 < VAMAX ≤ 10
-10 ≤ VAMIN < 0
-100 ≤ VRMIN < 0
0 < VRMAX ≤ 100
0 < TK < 10
0 < VFELIM ≤ 20
0 < KH ≤ 100
0 < VHMAX ≤ 100
0.02 < TE < 2
0 < KF ≤ 0.3
0.02 < TF < 1.5
0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
0 ≤ KD ≤ 2
0 < KE ≤ 2
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE (E2)
0 < TH ≤ 1
0 < TJ ≤ 1
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcIEEEAC6A
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35
EXCITER AC7B
IEEE Type AC7B Excitation System
Parameters
NAME
TR
KPR
KIR
KDR
TDR
VRMIN
VRMAX
KPA
KIA
VAMIN
VAMAX
KP
KL
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
KC
KD
pu
pu
KE
KF1
KF2
KF3
TF3
VEMIN
VFEMAX
E1
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
SE1
pu
Description
Voltage regulator proportional gain
Voltage regulator integral gain
Voltage regulator derivative gain
Lag time constant
Potential circuit gain coefficient
Exciter field voltage lower limit parameter
control
reactances
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E2
pu
SE2
pu
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcIEEEAC7B
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37
EXCITER - AC8B
For this exciter, please take in consideration the information about the below model ACB8
version 2005.
EXCITER - AC8B 2005
The class represents IEEE Std 421.5-2005 type AC8B model.
VS = VPSS+VUEL+VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KPR
KIR
KDR
TDR
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
Seconds
KC
KD
pu
pu
KE
E1
pu
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Description
Lag time constant
control
reactances
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VFEMAX
VEMIN
pu
pu
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
10 < KP < 500
10 < KI < 500
10 < KD < 500
0 < TD < 0.5
0 < KA ≤ 1
0 < TA ≤ 1
0 < VRMAX ≤ 10
–1 < VRMIN < 1.5
0 < TE
–1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1.0
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE(E2)
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcIEEEAC8B
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EXCITER – BBC1
Excitation system with potential source controlled rectifier exciter.
Parameters
NAME
SWPS
Type
Boolean
K
T1
T2
T3
T4
UEMAX
UEMIN
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
Description
If the Switch control is false:
UEMAX’ = UEMAX * VT
UEMIN’ = UEMIN * VT
else:
UEMAX’ = UEMAX
UEMIN’ = UEMIN
Gain
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Maximum limit
Minimum limit
Notes
EXCITER – BBC1 Simple
This excitation system is such as EXCITER – BBC1 but without potential source controlled
rectifier exciter (SWPS).
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EXCITER - BBSEX1
Brown Boveri Static Exciter
VS = VPSS + VOEL +VUEL
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
TF
T3
T4
K
T1
T2
VRMIN
VRMAX
EFDMIN
EFDMAX
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Parameters Range:
0 < TF < 0.5
10 < K < 500
0.02 <T1 <10
0.02 <T2 <10
0 < T3
Description
Supplementary signal routing switch –selector (see block
diagram)
0 = VS signal will be add to the output signal
1 = VS signal will be add to the error signal
Lead/lag time constant
Lead/lag time constant
Steady state gain
Controller time constant
Controller time constant
Minimum control element output
Maximum control element output
Minimum open circuit exciter voltage
Maximum open circuit exciter voltage
0 < T4
T4 = 0 and T3 < 0
0.5 < VRMAX < 10
-10 < VRMIN < 0
0.5 ≤ K × T2/T1 ≤ 25
Notes
- ExcBBC
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EXCITER - BUDCZT
Czech Proportion/Integral Exciter.
Parameters
NAME
TR
KP
KE
TI
KA
TA
TE
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
Seconds
Seconds
URMIN
URMAX
EFDMIN
EFDMAX
PU
PU
PU
PU
Description
Regulator proportional gain
Regulator integral time constant
Regulator gain
Regulator time constant
control
Voltage regulator minimum limit
Voltage regulator maximum limit
Exciter output minimum limit
Exciter output maximum limit
Notes
- ExcCZ
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EXCITER - CELIN
Detailed Excitation System Model - ELIN (VATECH). This model represents an all-static
excitation system. A PI voltage controller establishes a desired field current set point for a
proportional current controller. The integrator of the PI controller has a follow-up input to match
its signal to the present field current
Parameters
NAME
TR1
TR2
TR3
TR4
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
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ALPHA
BETA
TE2
NLFEFD
KE2
K12
K2
PPSS
APSS
PSSLIM
K1
KIEC
KD1
TB1
T11
LIMPID1
K22
UMAX
UMIN
KETB
TE
XP
IEFMAX2
IEFMIN
IEFMAX1
T13
T14
K3
K4
E1
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Gain
Gain
Time Constant
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Coeficient
Coeficient
PSS limiter
Voltage regulator input gain
Voltage regulator input limit
Voltage controller derivative gain
Voltage controller derivative washout time constant
Controller follow up dead band
Controller follow up gain
Gain
Limiter
Limiter
Gain
Time constant
Excitation transformer effective reactance
Limiter
Limiter
Minimum open circuit excitation voltage
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Gain
Notes
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EXCITER - DC1A
IEEE Type DC1A Excitation System
VS = VPSS+VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
TB
TC
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF
E1
pu
Seconds
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Parameters Range:
0 ≤ TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 500
0 ≤ TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 10
-10 < VRMIN < 0
Description
control
-1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
0.04 < TE < 1
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF < 1.5
5 ≤ TF/KF ≤ 15
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Notes
1)
If VRMAX is zero, the model will compute a new value of it.
- If KE is zero or negative, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an
output voltage of E2 i.e.: VRMAX = SE(E2 ) × E2
- If KE is positive, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output
voltage of E2 with the specified value of KE,
i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2 In either case above, VRMIN is then
set to –VRMAX.
2)
If KE is zero, the model will set a new value of KE.
KE is set to the value that will require a voltage regulator output of
(VRMAX /10) to maintain the present value of excitation voltage, UF, i.e.: KE =
VRMAX/(10*EFD) – SE(EFD)
Saturation:
- ExcDC1A
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EXCITER - DC1A 2005
IEEE Type DC1A Excitation System, version 2005
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
TB
TC
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF
E1
pu
Seconds
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
UELIN
Boolean
EXCLIM
Boolean
Description
control
UEL input
1 = VUEL input added to HV Gate.
2 = VUEL input added to error signal.
IEEE standard is ambiguous about lower limit on exciter
output.
0 = no lower limit to the exciter output
Else = Aplly the lower limit of 0.0 to the exciter output
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Notes
Same remarks as the DC1A model
- ExcIEEEDC1A
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48
EXCITER - DC2A
VS = VPSS+VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
TB
TC
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
TE
KF
TF
E1
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Parameters Range:
0 ≤ TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 500
0 ≤ TA < 1.0
0 ≤ TB
0 ≤ TC
Description
control
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TE < 2.0
-1.0 ≤ KE ≤ 1.0
0 ≤ E1
E1 < E2
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0.5 < VRMAX < 10.0
-10 < VRMIN < 0
.
5.0 ≤ TF/KF ≤ 15.0
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1.0
SE(E1) < SE(E2)
Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER - DC2A 2005
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
TB
TC
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
Pu
TE
KF
TF
E1
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
UELIN
Boolean
EXCLIM
Boolean
Description
control
UEL input
IEEE standard is ambiguous about lower limit on exciter
output.
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Notes
- ExcIEEEDC2A
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EXCITER – DC3A
Parameters
NAME
Type
KE
TE
pu
Seconds
KV
VRMAX
VRMIN
TRH
E1
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Description
control
Fast raise/lower contact setting
Rheostat travel time
Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER – DC3A 2005
Parameters
NAME
Type
KE
TE
pu
Seconds
KV
VRMAX
VRMIN
TRH
E1
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
EXCLIM
Boolean
Description
control
IEEE standard is ambiguous about lower limit on exciter output
Notes
- ExcIEEEDC3A
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EXCITER – DC4B
IEEE Type DC4B Excitation System.
Parameters
NAME
TR
KP
KI
KD
TD
VRMAX
VRMIN
KA
TA
KE
Type
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
TE
KF
TF
VEMIN
E1
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
OEL
Boolean
UEL
Boolean
Description
Regulator proportional gain
Regulator integral gain
Regulator derivative gain
Regulator derivative filter time constant
control
Seconds
Seconds
OEL input,
0 = VOEL input added to LV Gate.
1 = VOEL input added to error signal.
UEL input,
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Notes
- ExcIEEEDC4B
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EXCITER - EXAC1A
IEEE Modified Type AC1 Excitation System model.
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
KF
TF
KC
KD
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
KE
E1
PU
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Description
control
reactances
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Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 < TB < 20
0 < TC < 20
0 < KA < 1000
0 < TA < 10.0
0 < VAMAX ≤ 15
-15 ≤ VAMIN < 0
-10 ≤ VRMIN < 0
0 < VRMAX ≤ 10
0.02 < TE < 2
0 < KF ≤ 0.3
0.02 < TF < 1.5
0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
0 ≤ KD ≤ 1
0 < KE ≤ 1
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
Notes
1) If VRMAX is zero, the model will compute a new value of it. If KE is zero or negative,
VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output voltage of E2 i.e.:
VRMAX = SE(E2 ) × E2. If KE is positive, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output
voltage of E2 with the specified value of KE, i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2 In either
case above, VRMIN is then set to –VRMAX.
2) If KE is zero, the model will set a new value of KE. KE is set to the value that will require a
voltage regulator output of (VRMAX / 10) to maintain the present value of excitation voltage,
UF, i.e.: KE = VRMAX / (10*EFD) – SE(EFD).
Saturation:
- ExcAC1A
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EXCITER – EXAC2
IEEE Modified Type AC2A Excitation System model.
VS = VPSS+VUEL+VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
KB
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
VFEMAX
KH
VLR
KL
KF
TF
KC
KD
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
KE
E1
PU
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Description
control
Maximum exciter field current
reactances
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Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER – EXAC2A
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
KB
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
VFEMAX
KH
VLR
KL
KF
TF
KC
KD
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
KE
E1
PU
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Description
control
Maximum exciter field current
reactances
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KB1
PU
KL1
KS
PU
PU
HVGATE
LVGATE
Boolena
Boolena
Second stage regulator gain. It is exciter field current controller
gain used as alternative to Kb to represent a variant of the
model
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed
coefficient
Indicates if HV gate is active
Indicates if LV gate is active (LVgate)
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcAC2A
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EXCITER – EXAC3
VS = VPSS+VUEL+VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
KR
PU
VLV
KLV
KF
TF
KN
EFDN
KC
KD
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
KE
E1
PU
PU
Description
control
supply
Field voltage used in the minimum field voltage limiter loop
Gain used in the minimum field voltage limiter loop
reactances
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SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER – EXAC3A
IEEE Modified Type AC3A alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system with different field
current limit.
¨
VS = VPSS+VUEL+VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
KR
PU
VLV
KLV
KF
TF
KN
EFDN
KC
KD
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
KE
PU
Description
control
supply
reactances
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VLV
KLV
VEMIN
KF1
KF2
KS
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
VFEMAX
E1
PU
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed
coefficient
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcAC3A
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EXCITER – EXAC4
VS = VPSS+VUEL+VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
VIMAX
VIMIN
TB
TC
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KC
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Description
Limit factor
Notes
- ExcAC4A
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EXCITER – EXAC5A
Modified type AC5A Excitation System
Parameters
AA
KA
KE
KF
SE1
NAME
Type
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
SE2
pu
E1
E2
TA
TB
TC
TE
pu
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
TF1
TF2
TF3
VRMAX
VRMIN
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
Description
voltage
voltage
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined
Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined
control
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Notes
Saturation:
- ExcAC5A
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EXCITER – EXCAC6A
Modified IEEE AC6A alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system
Parameters
TR
KA
KC
KD
NAME
Type
seconds
pu
pu
pu
KE
KH
SE1
pu
pu
pu
SE2
pu
E1
pu
E2
pu
TA
TB
TC
TE
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
TH
TJ
TK
VAMAX
VAMIN
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
Description
reactances
voltage, back of commutating reactance
control
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VFELIM
VHMAX
VRMAX
VRMIN
pu
pu
pu
pu
Maximum field current limiter signal reference
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcAC6A
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EXCITER – EXAC8B
IEEE AC8B alternator-supplied rectifier excitation system with speed input and input limiter.
Parameters
NAME
INLIM
Type
Boolean
KA
KC
KD
pu
pu
pu
KDR
KE
KIR
KPR
PIDLIM
pu
pu
pu
pu
Boolean
SE1
pu
SE2
pu
E1
pu
E2
pu
TA
TDR
TELIM
Seconds
Seconds
Boolean
TE
Seconds
VIMAX
pu
Description
Input limiter indicator, true = input limiter Vimax and Vimin is
considered, false = input limiter Vimax and Vimin is not
considered
reactances
PID limiter indicator, true = input limiter VPIDIMAX and
VPIDMIN are considered, false = input limiter VPIDIMAX and
VPIDMIN are not considered
Lag time constant
Selector for the limiter on the block [1/sTe], See diagram (on
the figure) for meaning of true and false
control
Input signal maximum
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VIMIN
VEMIN
VFEMAX
VPIDMAX
VPIDMIN
VRMAX
VRMIN
VTMULT
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Boolean
Input signal minimum
PID maximum controller output
PID minimum controller output
Multiply by generator's terminal voltage indicator, true =the
limits Vrmax and Vrmin are multiplied by the generator’s
terminal voltage to represent a thyristor power stage fed from
the generator terminals, false = limits are not multiplied by
generator's terminal voltage
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcAC8B
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EXCITER - EXBAS
Basler Static Voltage Regulator Feeding dc or ac Rotating Exciter
VS = VPSS + VUEL +VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KP
KI
KA
TA
TB
TC
VRMAX
VRMIN
KF
TF
TF1
TF2
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
KC
KD
pu
pu
E1
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Description
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant 2
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant 3
control
reactances
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Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 < KP < 5
0 ≤ KI < 1.1
10 < KA ≤ 4000
0 < TA ≤ 10
0 < TB < 20
0 < TC < 20
0.5 < VRMAX < 20
–20 < VRMIN < 0
0.04 < TF < 1.5
0 < TF1
0 < TF2
–1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
0.04 < TE < 10
5 ≤ TF/KF ≤ 15 or 5 ≤ TF2/KF ≤ 15
KC ≤ 1
KD ≤ 2
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1.0
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE(E2)
Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER – EXCANS
Italian excitation system. It represents static field voltage or excitation current feedback
excitation system.
Parameters
NAME
TB
T1
T2
T3
K2
K3
KVFIF
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
Integer
KRVECC
Integer
KCE
BLINT
pu
Integer
IFMN
pu
IFMX
pu
VRMN
VRMX
pu
pu
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Gain
Rate feedback signal flag
0 = output voltage of the exciter
1 = exciter field current
Feedback enabling
0 = Open loop control
1 = Closed loop control
Ceiling factor
Governor Control Flag
0 = lead-lag regulator
1 = proportional integral regulator
Not include in NEPLAN model, not clear in EntsoeCIM/CGMES reference manual
Not include in NEPLAN model, not clear in EntsoeCIM/CGMES reference manual
Minimum limit
Maximum limit
Notes
- ExcANS
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EXCITER – EXCAVR1
Italian excitation system corresponding to IEEE (1968) Type 1 Model. It represents exciter
dynamo and electromechanical regulator.
Parameters
NAME
TR
TE
TA
TB
TF
VRMN
VRMX
KA
KF
E1
SE1
E2
SE2
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Feedback time consant
Minimum limit
Maximum limit
Gain
Feedback gain
Saturation parameter
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcAVR1
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EXCITER – EXCAVR2
Italian excitation system corresponding to IEEE (1968) Type 2 Model. It represents alternator
and rotating diodes and electromechanic voltage regulators.
Parameters
NAME
TR
TE
TB
TF1
TF2
VRMN
VRMX
KA
KF
E1
SE1
E2
SE2
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Minimum limit
Maximum limit
Gain
Feedback gain
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcAVR2
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EXCITER – EXCAVR3
Italian excitation system. It represents exciter dynamo and electric regulator.
Parameters
NAME
TR
TE
T1
T2
T3
T4
VRMN
VRMX
KA
E1
SE1
E2
SE2
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Description
Exciter time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Minimum limit
Maximum limit
Gain
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcAVR3
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EXCITER – EXCAVR4
Italian excitation system. It represents static exciter and electric voltage regulator.
Parameters
NAME
TR
T1
T2
T3
T4
TIF
T11F
KA
KE
KIF
VRMN
VRMX
VFMIN
VFMAX
IMU1
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Boolean
Description
time constant
time constant
time constant
time constant
Exciter current feedback time constant
Exciter current feedback time constant
Gain
Exciter gain
Exciter internal reactance
Minimum AVR output
Maximum AVR output
Minimum exciter output
Maximum exciter output
Output voltage dependency selector
0 = selector is not connected
1 = selector is connected
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcAVR4
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EXCITER – EXCAVR5
Manual excitation control with field circuit resistance. This model can be used as a very simple
representation of manual voltage control.
Parameters
NAME
KA
TA
REX
Type
pu
Seconds
pu
Description
Gain
Time constant
Effective Output Resistance
Notes
- ExcAVR5
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EXCITER – EXCAVR7
IVO excitation system.
Parameters
NAME
TR
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
VMIN1
VMAX1
VMIN3
VMAX3
VMIN5
VMAX5
K1
K3
K5
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Description
Lead time constant
Lag time constant
Lead time constant
Lag time constant
Lead time constant
Lag time constant
Lead-lag min. limit
Lead-lag max. limit
Lead-lag min. limit
Lead-lag max. limit
Lead-lag min. limit
Lead-lag max. limit
Gain
Gain
Gain
Lead coefficient
Lag coefficient
Lead coefficient
Lag coefficient
Lead coefficient
Lag coefficient
Notes
- ExcAVR7
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EXCITER - ExcELIN2
Detailed Excitation System Model - ELIN (VATECH). This model represents an all-static
excitation system. A PI voltage controller establishes a desired field current set point for a
proportional current controller. The integrator of the PI controller has a follow-up input to match
its signal to the present field current. Power system stabilizer models used in conjunction with
this excitation system model: PssELIN2, PssIEEE2B, Pss2B.
Parameters
NAME
TR4
KE2
TE2
EFDBAS
K2
K1
K1EC
KD1
TB1
TI1
LIMPID1
UMAX
UMIN
K3
TI3
K4
TI4
KETB
TE
XP
IEFMAX1
IEFMAX2
IEFMIN
E1
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Description
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Gain
Gain
Voltage regulator input gain
Voltage regulator input limit
Voltage controller derivative gain
Voltage controller derivative washout time constant
Limiter
Limiter
Gain
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Limiter
Limiter
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pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
voltage
voltage
Notes
- ExcELIN2
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EXCITER - EXCHU
Hungarian Excitation System Model.
Parameters
NAME
TR
TE
IMIN
IMAX
AE
EMIN
EMAX
KI
AI
TI
ATR
KE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Description
Major loop PI tag integration time constant
Major loop PI tag output signal lower limit
Major loop PI tag output signal upper limit
Major loop PI tag gain factor
Field voltage control signal lower limit on AVR base
Field voltage control signal upper limit on AVR base
Current base conversion constant
Minor loop PI tag gain factor
Minor loop PI control tag integration time constant
AVR constant
Voltage base conversion constant
Notes
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EXCITER – EXCOEX3T
Modified IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System with semi-continuous and acting terminal voltage
limiter.
Parameters
NAME
TR
TE
TF
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
VRMIN
VRMAX
KE
KA
KF
KD
KC
SE1
E1
SE2
E2
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Description
Integer time constant
Feedback time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Minimum limit
Maximum limit
Saturation gain
Gain
Feedback gain
Field current gain
Statex gain
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Notes
Saturation:
- ExcOEX3T
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EXCITER - EXCSK
Slovakian Excitation System Model.
Parameters
NAME
TR
K
TE
EMIN
EMAX
KC
TC
UIMIN
UIMAX
URMIN
URMAX
EFDMIN
EFDMAX
KCE
KD
KP
TI
Type
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
Description
Gain
Time constant
Minimum field voltage output
Maximum field voltage output
PI controller gain
PI time constant
Minimum error
Maximum error
Minimum controller output
Maximum controller output
Field voltage clipping limit
Field voltage clipping limit
Rectifier regulation factor
Exciter internal reactance
PI controller gain
PI controller phase lead time constant
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K1
K2
YP
VTMIN
VTMAX
KGOB
KQOB
NQ
KQP
KQI
QZ
REMOTE
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Boolean
QC_ON_OFF
Boolean
TP
PU
Parameter of underexcitation limit
Parameter of underexcitation limit
Maximum output
Minimum terminal voltage input
Maximum terminal voltage input
P controller gain
Rate of rise of the reactive power
Dead band of reactive power
PI controller gain
PI controller gain of integral component
Desired value (setpoint) of reactive power
Switch control
1 = Automatic calculation in model secondary controller model
0 = Manual set; desired value of reactive power QZ is required.
Secondary voltage control state
1 = secondary voltage control is ON
0 = secondary voltage control is OFF.
Time constant
Notes
QMAX = K1*PMECH+K2
- ExcSK
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EXCITER - EXCST1A
Modification of an old IEEE ST1A static excitation system without overexcitation limiter (VOEL)
and underexcitation limiter (VUEL).
Parameters
NAME
VIMAX
VIMIN
TC
TB
TC1
TB1
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
VRMAX
VRMIN
KC
KLR
ILR
XE
KF
TF
Type
pu
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
Description
Exciter output current limiter gain
Exciter output current limit reference
Excitation xfmr effective reactance
Notes
- ExcST1A
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EXCITER – EXELI
Static PI transformer fed excitation system: ELIN (VATECH) - simplified model. This model
represents an all-static excitation system. A PI voltage controller establishes a desired field
current set point for a proportional current controller. The integrator of the PI controller has a
follow-up input to match its signal to the present field current.
Parameters
NAME
TR
TFV
TFI
TNU
VPU
VPI
VPNF
DPNF
EFDMIN
EFDMAX
XE
TW
KS1
KS2
TS1
TS2
SMAX
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Description
Voltage transducer time constant
Current transducer time constant
Controller reset time constant
Voltage controller proportional gain
Current controller gain
Maximum open circuit excitation voltage
Stabilizer parameters
Stabilizer Gain 1
Stabilizer Gain 2
Stabilizer Phase Lag Time Constant
Stabilizer Filter Time Constant
Stabilizer Limit Output
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Notes
- ExcELIN1
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EXCITER - EXPIC1
Proportional/integral excitation system model.
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
VR1
VR2
TA2
TA3
TA4
VRMAX
VRMIN
KF
TF1
TF2
EFMAX
EFMIN
KE
TE
KP
KI
KC
E1
Type
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Description
PI controller gain
PI controller time constant
PI maximum limit
PI minimum limit
Voltage regulator maximum limit
Voltage regulator minmum limit
Rate feedback gain
Rate feedback time constant
Exciter maximum limit
Exciter minmum limit
Exciter constant
Exciter time constant
Potential source gain
Current source gain
Exciter regulation factor
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Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
1 < KA < 500
0 < TA1 < 10
0.5 < VR1 < 10.0
-6 < VR2 < -0.5
0 < Te < 2
0 ≤ KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF1 < 15
5 ≤ TF1/KF ≤ 25
0 ≤ KP < 5
0 ≤ KI ≤ 1.1
0 ≤ KC < 2
0 ≤ KE ≤ 1
1 < EFDMAX < 10
-6 < EFDMIN ≤ -0,5
1 ≤ VRMAX ≤ 15
-6 < VRMIN ≤ 0
0 < E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
SE(E1) < SE(E2)
E1 < E2
0 ≤ TF2 < 5
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcPIC
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EXCITER - EXST2A
Modified IEEE Type ST2 Excitation System.
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KP
KI
KC
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF
EFDMAX
pu
Seconds
pu
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 1000
0 < TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 1.5
- 1.5 < VRMIN < 0.5
0 < KE ≤ 1
0.04 < TE < 2
Description
control
Maximum field voltage
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF < 1.5
5 ≤ TF/ KF ≤ 20
KP = 1.19
0 ≤ KI ≤ 8.0
0 < KC < 2
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Notes
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EXCITER - FREADC
Thyristor controlled DC exciter from ASEA.
Parameters
NAME
K
TR
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
EFDMAX
KF
TF
Type
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
Second
PU
PU
Second
Description
Gain
Time constant
Time constant
Feedback gain
Notes
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EXCITER - IEEET1
IEEE Type 1 Excitation System
VS = VPSS + VUEL + VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
VRMIN
VRMAX
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
KF
TF
E1
PU
Seconds
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Parameters Range:
0 ≤ TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 500
0 ≤ TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 10
-10 < VRMIN < 0
Description
Regulator gain
control
Feedback gain
-1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
0.04 < TE < 1
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF < 1.5
5 ≤ TF/KF ≤ 15
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Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER - IEEET2
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
VRMIN
VRMAX
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
KF
TF1
TF2
E1
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Parameters Range:
0 ≤ TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 500
0 ≤ TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 10
-10 < VRMIN < 0
0.04 < TF2 < 1.5
Description
Regulator gain
control
Feedback gain
Feedback time constant 1
Feedback time constant 2
-1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
0.04 < TE < 1
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF1 < 1.5
5 ≤ TF1/KF ≤ 15
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Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER - IEEET3
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
VBAX
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
KF
TF
KP
KI
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Parameters Range:
0 ≤ TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 200
0 ≤ TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 1.5
-1.5 < VRMIN < -0.5
0.04 < TE < 2
0 < KF < 0.3
Description
Available exciter voltage limiter
control
0.04 < TF < 1.5
5 ≤ TF/KF ! 15
KP = 1.19
0.9 < KI < 1.1
1.0 < VBMAX < 4.0
0 < KE ≤ 1.0
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Notes
- ExcDC3A1
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EXCITER - IEEET4
Parameters
NAME
KR
TRH
KV
VRMIN
VRMAX
KE
TE
Type
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
E1
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Parameters Range:
0.01 < KR < 0.05
2.0 < TRH < 100
0.02 < KV < 0.10
KR < KV
2.0 < VRMAX < 10.0
0 ≤ VRMIN < 2.0
Description
control
0.04 < TE < 1.0
-1.0 < KE < 0.10
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE(E2)
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Notes
The signal V1 is calculated according to the value of V, as follows:
If -KR < V < KR
then
V1 = 0
If V -KR
then
V1 = -1
If V KR
then
V1 = 1
If -KV < V < KV
then
V2 = 0
If V -KV
then
V2 = VRMIN
If V KV
then
V2 = VRMAX
Note:
1)
a) If KE is zero or negative, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an
b) If KE is positive, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output
i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2
In either case above, VRMIN is then set to –VRMAX.
2) If KE is zero, the model will set a new value of KE.
(VRMAX /10) to maintain the present value of excitation voltage, UF, i.e.:
KE =VRMAX/(10 UF) - SE (UF)
Saturation:
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EXCITER – IEEET5
Modified IEEE Type 5 Excitation System
Parameters
NAME
TRH
KV
VRMIN
VRMAX
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
E1
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Parameters Range:
0.01 < KR < 0.05
2.0 < TRH < 100
0.02 < KV < 0.10
KR < KV
2.0 < VRMAX < 10.0
0 ≤ VRMIN < 2.0
Description
control
0.04 < TE < 1.0
-1.0 < KE < 0.10
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE(E2)
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Notes
If -KV < V < KV
then
V2 = 0
If V -KV
then
V2 = VRMIN
If V KV
then
V2 = VRMAX
Saturation:
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EXCITER – IEEEX1
VS = VPSS+VOEL+VUEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
KE
KF
TF
E1
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Pu
Seconds
Pu
Pu
Seconds
Pu
Pu
Seconds
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Parameters Range:
0 ≤ TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 500
0 ≤ TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 10
-10 < VRMIN < 0
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Limiter
Limiter
Time constant
Gain
Gain
Time constant
-1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
0.04 < TE < 1
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF < 1.5
5 ≤ TF/KF ≤ 15
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Notes
Saturation:
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109
EXCITER – IEEEX2
1979 IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model. Also the IEEET2-exciter can be modeled with the
IEEEX2-exciter. In that case the constants TB and TC are set to equal 0.0.
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
TB
TC
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
KF
TF1
TF2
E1
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Parameters Range:
0 ≤ TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 500
0 ≤ TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 10
-10 < VRMIN < 0
0.04 < TF2 < 1.5
Description
control
-1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
0.04 < TE < 1
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF < 1.5
5 ≤ TF/KF ≤ 15
5 ≤ TFN/KF ≤ 15
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Where:
TFN = TF if S2 ≤ S
TFN = TF2 if S ≤ S2
S = |1 - TF/TE|
S2 = |1 - TF2/TE|
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcDC2A
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EXCITER – IEEEX3
IEEE Type 3 Excitation System Model.
VS = VPSS+VOEL+VUEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
VBMAX
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
KF
TF
KP
KI
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Parameters Range:
0 ≤ TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 200
0 ≤ TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 1.5
-1.5 < VRMIN < -0.5
0.04 < TE < 2
0 < KF < 0.3
Description
Maximum value of siganl V4
control
Courent circuit gain coefficient
0.04 < TF < 1.5
5 ≤ TF/KF ! 15
KP = 1.19
0.9 < KI < 1.1
1.0 < VBMAX < 4.0
0 < KE ≤ 1.0
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Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER - IEEEX4
Parameters
NAME
TR
TRH
KV
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
Type
Seconds
Pu
Pu
Pu
Pu
Seconds
KE
E1
Pu
pu
SE1
pu
E2
pu
SE2
pu
Parameters Range:
0.01 < KR < 0.05
2.0 < TRH < 100
0.02 < KV < 0.10
KR < KV
2.0 < VRMAX < 10.0
0 ≤ VRMIN < 2.0
Description
control
0.04 < TE < 1.0
-1.0 < KE < 0.10
0 ≤ E1
0 ≤ SE(E1) < 1
E1 < E2
SE(E1) < SE(E2)
Notes
1)
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i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2
2)
Saturation:
- ExcDC3A (only valid with kr = 0 in CIM/CGMES)
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EXCITER - IEET1A
VS = VPSS+VUEL+VOEL
Parameters
NAME
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
TE
Type
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF
FDMI
FDMA
E1
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
SE1
pu
SEMAX
pu
Parameters Range:
0 ≤ TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 500
0 ≤ TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 10
-10 < VRMIN < 0
Description
control
Minimum field voltage
voltage, FDMA, back of commutating reactance
-1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
0.04 < TE < 1
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF < 1.5
5 ≤ TF/KF ≤ 15
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Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER - IEET1B
Parameters
NAME
TR
XE
SW
Type
Seconds
PU
Integer
VSMAX
VSMIN
KA
TA1
VRMAX
VRMIN
TA2
KF1
TF1
KE
TE
E1
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Description
Swtich control (see block diagram)
0 = feedback from VREG
1 = feedback from EFD
Lag time constant
control
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Notes
VR/KA is calculated during the initiating and is constant thereafter.
1)
i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2
2)
IMAG  ID 2  IQ 2
Saturation:
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EXCITER – IEET5A
Parameters
NAME
Type
KA
TRH
KV
VRMIN
VRMAX
KE
TE
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
EFDMIN
EFDMAX
E1
PU
PU
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Description
Regulator gain
control
Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER – IEEX2A
IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model
VS = VPSS+VOEL+VUEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
TC
TB
VRMIN
VRMAX
KA
TA
KF
TF1
TE
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
KE
E1
PU
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
Description
control
Notes
Saturation:
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IEEE model 1 (PSAT)
Parameters
NAME
TR
K
T1
T2
T3
T4
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
AE
BE
Type
Seconds
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Description
Gain
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Saturation parameter (see note)
Notes
Saturation:
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IEEE model 2 (PSAT)
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
AE
BE
KF
TF
Type
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
Description
Gain
Time constant
Time constant
Feedback gain
Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER - REXSYS
General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model.
Parameters
NAME
TR
KVP
KVI
VIMAX
TA
TB1
TC1
TB2
TC2
VRMIN
VRMAX
KF
TF
TF1
TF2
FBF*
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
enum
KIP
KII
TP
VFMIN
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
Description
Voltage Regulator Proportional Gain
Voltage Regulator Integral Gain
Voltage Regulator Input Limit
Voltage Regulator time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Rate feedback gain
Rate feedback signal flag (Fbf). Typical Value =
fieldCurrent
Field Current Regulator Proportional Gain
Field Current Regulator Integral Gain
Field current Bridge time constant
Minimum Exciter Field Current
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VFMAX
KH
KE
TE
KC
KD
E1
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
SE1
PU
E2
PU
SE2
PU
F1IMF
PU
* Description pag. 17
Maximum Exciter Field Current
Field voltage controller feedback
Exciter field proportional constant
Exciter field time constant
Exciter regulation factor
Limit type flag
Notes
Saturation:
- ExcREXS
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EXCITER - SCRX
Simple excitation system model representing generic characteristics of many excitation
systems.
Parameters
NAME
TATB
TB
K
TE
EMIN
EMAX
RCRFD
Type
Float
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Float
CSWITCH
Boolean
Description
Ta/Tb - gain reduction ratio of lead-lag element
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Rc/Rfd - ratio of field discharge resistance to field winding
resistance
Power source switch
0 = input is set to 1
1 = input is set as generator terminal voltage.
Notes
- ExcSCRX
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EXCITER – SEXS
Simplified Excitation system
VS = VPSS + VOEL +VUEL
Parameters
NAME
TA
TB
K
TE
EMAX
EMIN
Type
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Parameters Range:
0.05 < TA/TB < 1
5 < TB < 20
20 < K ≤ 100
0 ≤ TE < 0.5
Description
Time Constant
Time Constant
Gain
Time Constant
Limiter
Limiter
5 ≤ K × TA/TB ≤ 15
EMIN = 0
3 ≤ EMAX ≤ 6
Notes
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EXCITER – SEXS 2005
Simplified Excitation system, version 2005
Parameters
NAME
TR
TATAB
TB
KC
TC
K
TE
EMIN
EMAX
EFDMIN
EFDMAX
Type
Seconds
Float
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Description
Ta/Tb - gain reduction ratio of lead-lag element
Time constant
PI controller gain
PI time constant
Gain
Time constant
Field voltage clipping minimum limit
Field voltage clipping maximum limit
Notes
Same remarks as the SEXS model
- ExcSEXS
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EXCITER - ST1A
IEEE Type ST1A Excitation System
Parameters
NAME
VOS
Type
Boolean
UEL
enum
TR
VIMAX
VIMIN
TB
TC
TC1
TB1
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
KLR
ILR
KF
TF
VRMAX
VRMIN
Seconds
pu
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
Description
Selector of the Power System Stabilizer input. (see block
diagram)
1 = PSS input (VPSS) added to error signal
0 = PSS input (VPSS) added to voltage regulator output.
Selector of the connection of the UEL input. (see block
diagram)
0 = ignore VUEL signal
2 = VUEL input HV gate with error signal
3 = VUEL input HV gate with volt. reg. output
Maximum voltage regulator output limit
Minimum voltage regulator output limit
Maximum voltage regulator output limit
Minimum voltage regulator output limit
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KC
pu
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.1
0 < VIMAX ≤ 0.2
-0.3 < VIMIN ≤ 0
0 < TC < 10.0
0.04 < TB < 20
0 ≤ TC1 < 10
0.04 < TB1 < 20
5 ≤ KA × TC/TB ≤ 15
50 < KA ≤ 1000
0.04 < TA < 0.5
3 ≤ VAMAX ≤ 8
-8 < VAMIN ≤ -3
3 ≤ VRMAX ≤ 8
-8 ≤ VRMIN ≤ -3
0 ≤ KC < 0.3
0 < KF ≤ 0.3
0.3 < TF ≤ 1.5
0 < KLR ≤ 5.0
0 < ILR ≤ 5.0
Notes
VOS
A switch that controls where the inputs signal VS is subtracted to the exciter. The parameter
SWS sets which system stabilizer that calculates the value of VS.
VOS = 1 The input signal VS is subtracted to the sum with the output signal V2.
VOS = 2 The input signal VS is subtracted to the sum with the output signal V4.
If no system stabilizer is associated, i.e., SWS = 0, the parameter VOS is ignored. Default = 1
UEL
A switch that controls where the input signal VU is injected to the exciter. The parameter SWU
sets which under excitation limiter that calculates the value of VU.
UEL = 1 The input signal VU is added to the sum with the output signal V2.
UEL = 2 The input signal VU is one of the input signals to the left HV-gate.
UEL = 3 The input signal VU is one of the input signals to the right HV-gate.
If no under excitation limiter is associated, i.e., SWU = 0, the parameter UEL is ignored.
Default = 1
- ExcIEEEST1A
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EXCITER - ST2A
VS = VPSS + VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KP
KI
KC
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF
UFMAX
UEL
pu
Seconds
pu
Boolean
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
10 < KA < 1000
0 < TA < 1
0.5 < VRMAX < 1.5
Description
control
UEL input,
0 < KF < 0.3
0.04 < TF < 1.5
5 ≤ TF/ KF ≤ 20
KP = 1.19
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- 1.5 < VRMIN < 0.5
0 < KE ≤ 1
0.04 < TE < 2
0 ≤ KI ≤ 8.0
0 < KC < 2
1 < EFDMAX < 10
Notes
VT and IT definition:
VT
The bus voltage, p.u. (= VD + jVQ)
IT
The stator current, p.u. (= ID + jIQ)
ExcIEEEST2A
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EXCITER - ST2A 2005
ST2A Excitation System, Entsoe-CIM/CGMES modified model
Parameters
NAME
TR
KA
TA
TC
TB
VRMAX
VRMIN
KP
KI
KC
KE
TE
Type
Seconds
pu
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
KF
TF
UFMAX
UEL
pu
Seconds
pu
Boolean
Description
control
UEL input,
Notes
Same remarks as the ESST2A model
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- ExcST2A
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EXCITER - ST3A
VS = VPSS + VOEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
VIMAX
VIMIN
TC
TB
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KG
VGMAX
KM
TM
VMMAX
VMMIN
KP
KI
VBMAX
KC
XL
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 < V1MAX < 1
- 1 < V1MIN < 0
0 < TC < 20
Description
Feedback gain constant of the inner loop field regulator
Maximum inner loop feedback voltage
Forward gain constant of the inner loop field regulator
Forward time constant of inner loop field regulator
Maximum inner loop output
Minimum inner loop output
Maximum excitation voltage
Reactance associated with potential source
1 < UEMAX < 20
0 ≤ KG < 1.1
0 < VGMAX < 20
1 < KP < 10
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0.04 < TB < 20
0 < KA ≤ 200
0 < TA < 1.0
0.5 < VRMAX ≤ 10
-10 ≤ VRMIN < 0.5
0 ≤ TM < 1.0
0 < KM < 1000
0 ≤ KI ≤ 1.1
0 ≤ KC < 1
0 < VBMAX < 20
0 < XL < 0.5
-90 < TETA < 90
-1.5 < VMMIN < 0.5
0.5 < VMMAX ≤ 1.5
Notes
VT
IT
- ExcIEEEST3A
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EXCITER - ST3
Excitation system with DC commutator exciter.
Parameters
NAME
FMOD
Type
Integer
TR
TC
TB
KJ
KA
TA
KP
KI
KC
KG
TP
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
XL
UEMAX
VGMAX
V1MAX
V1MIN
VRMAX
VRMIN
VBMAX
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
degree
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 < V1MAX < 1
- 1 < V1MIN < 0
Description
See the paragraph General/Rectifier Regulation Characteristic
according to FMOD
Regulator gain
Regulator gain
Courent circuit gain coefficient
Only used in SIMPOW model, with dynamic simulator the angle
value is automaticaly coupled with the machne.
1 < UEMAX < 20
0 ≤ KG < 1.1
0 < VGMAX < 20
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0 < TC < 20
0.04 < TB < 20
0 < KA ≤ 200
0 < TA < 1.0
0.5 < VRMAX ≤ 10
-10 ≤ VRMIN < 0.5
1 < KP < 10
0 ≤ KI ≤ 1.1
0 ≤ KC < 1
0 < VBMAX < 20
0 < XL < 0.5
Notes
VT
IT
- ExcST3A
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EXCITER - ST4B
IEEE Type ST4B Potential or Compounded Source-Controlled Rectifier
Exciter
VS = VPSS + VUEL
Parameters
NAME
TR
KPR
KIR
VRMAX
VRMIN
TA
KPM
KIM
VMMAX
VMMIN
KG
KP
KI
VBMAX
KC
XL
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 ≤ KPR ≤ 75
0 ≤ KIR ≤ 75
0.8 ≤ VRMAX ≤ 10
-6 ≤ VRMIN ≤ 0
0 < TA < 1
0 ≤ KPM ≤ 1.2
Description
Voltage regulator proportional gain output
Voltage regulator integral gain output
-118.8 ≤ VMMIN ≤ 0
0 ≤ KG < 1.1
1 ≤ KP < 10
0 ≤ KI ≤ 1.1
1 < VBMAX < 20
0 ≤ KC < 1
0 ≤ XL < 0.5
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0 ≤ KIM ≤ 18
0.8 ≤ VMMAX ≤ 118
-90 <THETA < 90
Notes
VT
IT
- ExcIEEEST4B
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EXCITER - ST4B 2005
ST4B Potential or Compounded Source-Controlled Rectifier, Entsoe-CIM/CGMES modified.
Parameters
NAME
TR
KPR
KIR
VRMAX
VRMIN
TA
KPM
KIM
VMMAX
VMMIN
KG
VGMAX
KP
KI
VBMAX
KC
XL
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Parameters Range:
0 < TR < 0.5
0 ≤ KPR ≤ 75
0 ≤ KIR ≤ 75
0.8 ≤ VRMAX ≤ 10
-6 ≤ VRMIN ≤ 0
0 < TA < 1
0 ≤ KPM ≤ 1.2
Description
Voltage regulator proportional gain output
Voltage regulator integral gain output
Maximum inner loop feedback voltage
-118.8 ≤ VMMIN ≤ 0
0 ≤ KG < 1.1
1 ≤ KP < 10
0 ≤ KI ≤ 1.1
1 < VBMAX < 20
0 ≤ KC < 1
0 ≤ XL < 0.5
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0 ≤ KIM ≤ 18
0.8 ≤ VMMAX ≤ 118
-90 <THETA < 90
Notes
Same remarks as the ESST4B model
- ExcST4B
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EXCITER – ST5B
IEEE Type ST5B Excitation System
Parameters
NAME
TR
TC1
TB1
TC2
TB2
KR
VRMAX
VRMIN
T1
KC
TUC1
TUB1
TUC2
TUB2
TOC1
TOB1
TOC2
TOB2
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Description
Regulator gain
Firing circuit time constant
UEL time constant
UEL time constant
UEL time constant
UEL time constant
OEL time constant
OEL time constant
OEL time constant
OEL time constant
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Notes
VOUT = V6
if VOEL < VERR
VOUT = V10 if VUEL > VERR
VOUT = V8
in other cases
- ExcIEEEST5B
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EXCITER – ST6B
Type ST6B Excitation System, Entsoe-CIM/CGMES modified.
Parameters
NAME
TR
KPA
KIA
KDA
TDA
VAMAX
VAMIN
KFF
KM
KCI
KLR
ILR
VRMAX
VRMIN
KG
TG
VIMIN
VIMAX
XC
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Description
Voltage regulator derivative time constant
Pre-control gain constant of the inner loop field regulator
Exciter output current limit adjustment
Feedback time constant of inner loop field voltage regulator
Excitation source reactance
TS
Seconds
Rectifier firing tme constant
K1
Boolean
OEL*
VMULT
enum
Boolean
Feedback selector
0= EFD feedback
1= IFD feedback
OEL input selector (OELin). Typical Value = noOELinput
Output multiplication factor
0 = output signal multiplied by 1
1 = output signal multiplied by VT
* Description pag. 17
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Notes
- ExcST6B
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EXCITER – ST6B CIM/CGMES
IEEE ST6B static excitation system with PID controller and optional inner feedbacks loop
(Entsoe-CIM/CGMES model).
Parameters
NAME
TR
OEL
VIMAX
VIMIN
KPA
KIA
VAMAX
VAMIN
KFF
KM
VRMAX
VRMIN
ILR
KCI
KLR
KG
TAG
Type
Seconds
enum
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
pu
Seconds
Description
* OEL input selector (OELin). Typical Value = noOELinpu
Pre-control gain constant of the inner loop field regulator
Exciter output current limit adjustment
Notes
- ExcIEEEST6B
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EXCITER – ST7B
IEEE Type ST7B Excitation System
Parameters
NAME
TR
TG
TF
VMIN
VMAX
KPA
VRMIN
VRMAX
KH
KL
TC
TB
KIA
TIA
OEL
UEL
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
Seconds
enum
enum
Description
High-value gate feedback gain
Low-value gate feedback gain
Regulator lead time constant
Regulator lag time constant
OEL input selector (OELin). Typical Value = noOELinput
UEL input selector (UELin). Typical Value = noUELinput
Notes
- ExcIEEEST7B
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EXCITER - URST5T
IEEE Proposed/Modified Type ST5B Excitation System
Parameters
NAME
TR
TC1
TB1
TC2
TB2
KR
VRMAX
VRMIN
T1
KC
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
Description
Regulator constant gain
Notes
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EXCITER - TYPE 1
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
SW1
Boolean
SW2
Boolean
TR
TC
TB
KA
TA
VRR
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
KE
TE
PU
Seconds
KF
TF
UEMAX
UEMIN
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Description
Switch Control:
0 = The regulator is of non-windup type (i.e. the internal signals
in the regulator are also limited when the output signal EFD is
at limit).
1 = The regulator is of windup type (i.e. the internal signals are
not limited when the output signal UF is at limit).
Switch Control:
0 = VRMAX'=VRMAX / VRMIN' =VRMIN
1 = VRMAX'=VRMAX · VT / VRMIN' =VRMIN · VT
Switch Control (see block diagram):
0 = Switch B is closed
1 = Switch A is closed
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Initial value of VR. Signal. (see block diagram)
-If VR is given, then in the initiation of the exciter parameter KE
is calculated during the initialization.
-If VR is not given then parameter KE must be given.
control
Rate feedback gain
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VRMAX
VRMIN
SEMAX
PU
PU
PU
SE75
PU
voltage, UEMAX, back of commutating reactance
voltage, 75% of UEMAX, back of commutating reactance
Notes
If VRMAX and VRMIN equal 0:
- VRMAX = (KE + SEMAX) · UEMAX
- VRMIN = (KE + SEMIN) · UEMIN
If UEMAX equal 0:
- UEMAX = VRMAX / (KE+SEMAX)
Saturation:
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EXCITER - TYPE 12
Excitation system with alternator rectifier exciter.
Parameters
NAME
SWF
Type
Integer
TR
KA
TA
TE
Seconds
PU
Seconds
Seconds
KF
TF
KP
VPMAX
VPMIN
UEMAX
VRMAX
VRMIN
SEMAX
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
SE75
PU
Description
Schitch control:
1 = “Sef” Saturation function = 0
2 = “Sef” Saturation function = SE
Gain
Time constant
control
Rate feedback gain
Gain
Notes
Saturation:
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EXCITER - TYPE 15
The ASEA excitation system with potential source controlled rectifier exciter.
Parameters
NAME
SWPS
Type
Boolenr
TR
KP
VPMAX
VPMIN
UEB
UID
TI
VIMAX
VIMIN
UEMAX
UEMIN
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Second
PU
PU
PU
PU
Description
Switch Control:
Gain
Only used in SIMPOW. (See Manual)
Only used in SIMPOW. (See Manual)
Intergral time constant
Notes
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153
EXCITER - TYPE 4
Excitation system with DC generator commutator exciter and non-continuously acting
regulators.
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
TRH
KV
KE
TE
Second
PU
PU
Second
UEMAX
UEMIN
VRMAX
VRMIN
SEMAX
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
SE75
PU
Description
Switch Control:
at limit).
control
Notes
If UEMAX equal 0:
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1) Actioneering circuit (see block diagram)
If VR2 = 0
VR = VR1
If VR2 ≠ 0
VR = VR2
The signal VR2 is calculated according to the value of V, as follows:
If -KV < V < KV
then
V2 = 0
If V -KV
then
V2 = VRMIN
If V KV
then
V2 = VRMAX
Saturation:
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EXCITER – Type ST2
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
SW1
Boolean
FMOD
Integer
TR
TC
TB
KJ
KA
TA
KP
KI
KC
KE
TE
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
KF
TF
UEMAX
UEMIN
V1MAX
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Description
Defaut value = 0
in the regulator are also limited when the output signal VR1 is
at limit).
not limited when the output signal VR1 is at limit).
0 = Limit UEMAX/UEMIN is valid
1= Limit VBMAX/VBMIN is valid
according to FMOD
Regulator gain
Regulator gain
control
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V1MIN
VRMAX
VRMIN
VBMAX
VBMIN
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Notes
VT
IT
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EXCITER – Type ST3 (SCRX MODIFIED)
For this exciter, please take in consideration the information about the model EXCITER ST3.
Notes
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158
EXCITER– Type W
A sinusoidal variation as a function of time with arbitrary amplitude and frequency is
superimposed on the initial field voltage EFD0.
EFD EFD0  i 1  Ai  sin 2    Fi  t  FI i 
iN
Parameters
NAME
N
A
F
FI
Type
Integer
PU
Hz
degrees
Description
See above equation. (In Neplan Nmax = 10)
Amplitude. N values must be given
Frequency Hz. N values must be given.
Angle. N values must be given.
Notes
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159
EXCITER– Type WA
Excitation system involving field controlled DC exciters, or field-controlled rotating alternatorrectifiers, with or without self-excitation.
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
SW1
Boolean
SW2
Boolean
TR
KA
TA
TB
TC
VR
Seconds
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
KE
TE
PU
Seconds
Description
Switch Control:
at limit).
Switch Control:
Switch Control (see block diagram):
0 = Switch B is closed
1 = Switch A is closed
Gain
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Initial value of VR signal in p.u. See block diagram.
-IF VR or KE is set to zero: KE will automatically be calculated,
such that the initial conditions are fulfilled with given value for
VR.
-Otherwise, if both values are different from zero, the initial
value for VR will automatically be calculated, such that the
initial conditions are fulfilled with given value for KE.
control
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160
UEMAX
UEMIN
VRMAX
VRMIN
SEMAX
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
SE75
PU
KF
TF1
TF2
TF3
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
Feedback gain
Feedback Time constant
Notes
If UEMAX equal 0:
Saturation:
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EXCITER– Type WB
Excitation system involving field controlled DC exciters with continuously acting regulators
whose output limits may be chosen to be dependent on synchronous machine terminal
voltage.
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
SW1
Boolean
TR
KA
TA
TB
TC
VB
Seconds
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
KE
TE
PU
Seconds
UEMAX
VRMAX
VRMIN
PU
PU
PU
Description
Switch Control:
at limit).
Switch Control:
Gain
Time constant
Time constant
Time constant
Initial value of VB signal in p.u. See block diagram.
-IF VB or KE is set to zero: KE will automatically be calculated,
VB.
-Otherwise, if both values are different from zero, the initial
value for VB will automatically be calculated, such that the
control
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SEMAX
PU
SE75
PU
KF
TF
PU
Seconds
Feedback gain
Notes
Saturation:
See the paragraph Saturation in exciter controller
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EXCITER– Type WC
Parameters
NAME
TR
TC
TB
KA
TA
VR
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
TE
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
VEMAX
VEMIN
KF
TF
KC
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
KD
VE1
PU
PU
SE1
PU
SE2
PU
FMOD
Integer
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Initial value of the VR signal. p.u. If VR is given ,the parameter
KE is calculated so that the initial conditions are fulfilled. If VRR
is NOT given, then KE may be given.
control
Feedback gain
reactances
voltage, VE1, back of commutating reactance
voltage, 75% of VE1, back of commutating reactance
according to FMOD
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Notes
FEX :
See the paragraph General/ Rectifier Regulation Characteristic according to FMOD.
Saturation:
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EXCITER– Type WD
Excitation system involving DC-generator-commutator exciters, with or without self-excitation,
and with a separate field incorporating a motor operated rheostat for slowly correcting small
errors and field contacts which force more rapid response to large errors.
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
SW1
Boolean
TR
TRH
KV
VR
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
KE
TE
PU
Seconds
UEMAX
UEMIN
VRMAX
VRMIN
PU
PU
PU
PU
Description
Switch Control:
at limit).
Switch Control:
IF VR or KE is set to zero: KE will automatically be calculated,
VR.
Otherwise, if both values are different from zero, the initial
control
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166
SEMAX
PU
SE75
PU
KF
TF
PU
Seconds
Feedback gain
Notes
1) Auctioneering circuit (See block diagram)
If VR2 = 0
VR = VR1
If VR2 ≠ 0
VR = VR2
If -KV < V < KV
then
VR2 = 0
If V -KV
then
VR2 = VRMIN
If V KV
then
VR2 = VRMAX
Note:
If UEMAX equal 0:
Saturation:
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EXCITER– Type WE
Excitation system involving compound source controlled rectifier exciters.
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
TR
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KV
KI
VBMAX
VBMIN
VB
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
KE
TE
PU
Seconds
SEMAX
SE75
PU
PU
Description
Switch Control:
at limit).
Gain
Time constant
Voltage gain
Current gain
Initial value of VB signal in p.u. See block diagram.
IF VB or KE is set to zero: KE will automatically be calculated,
VB.
value for VB will automatically be calculated, such that the
control
Saturation Se at VE = VBMAX / (KE+SEMAX)
Saturation Se at VE = 0.75 · VBMAX / (KE+SEMAX)
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KF
TF1
TF2
PU
Seconds
Seconds
Feedback gain
Notes
Saturation:
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169
EXCITER– Type WF
High initial response excitation system with non-controlled rectifier.
Parameters
NAME
TR
TC
TB
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
VR
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
KH
KX
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
TE
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
VEMIN
KL
KB
VLR
KF
TF
KC
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
KD
VE1
PU
PU
SE1
SE2
FMOD
PU
PU
Integer
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Gain
Limiter gain
control
Factor for VEMAX calculation (see note)
Feedback gain
reactances
Saturation Se at VE = VE1
Saturation Se at VE = 0.75·VE1
according to FMOD
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Notes
VEMAX:
VEMAX 
VLR  KL  KB
KD  IFD

1  KL  KBKE  SE  KE  SE
FEX :
See the paragraph General/Rectifier Regulation Characteristic according to FMOD.
Saturation:
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EXCITER– Type WFA
High initial response excitation system with non-controlled rectifier.
Parameters
NAME
TR
TC
TB
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
VR
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
KH
KX
VRMAX
VRMIN
KE
TE
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
VEMAX
VEMIN
KL
KB
VLR
KF
TF
KC
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
KD
VE1
PU
PU
SE1
SE2
PU
PU
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Feedback gain
Limiter gain
control
Feedback gain
Gain
Voltage limiter
Feedback gain
reactances
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FMOD
Integer
according to FMOD
Notes
Saturation:
FEX :
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173
EXCITER– Type WG
Excitation system with alternator supplied controlled rectifier exciter.
Parameters
NAME
TR
VIMAX
VIMIN
TC
TB
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KC
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Limiter gain
Notes
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174
EXCITER– Type WH
Parameters
NAME
TR
TC
TB
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
VR
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
KE
TE
PU
Seconds
VEMAX
VLV
KR
EFDN
KF
KN
TF
KLV
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
KC
PU
KD
PU
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
control
Voltage limiter
Feedback gain
Field voltage limit for feedback change
Feedback gain 1
Feedback gain 2
Only used in SIMPOW. Simpow Manual is not clear about the
use of this parameter
reactances
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VE1
PU
SE1
SE2
FMOD
PU
PU
Integer
according to FMOD
Notes
Saturation:
FEX :
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EXCITER– Type WHA
Parameters
NAME
TR
TC
TB
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
VR
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
KE
TE
PU
Seconds
VEMAX
VEMIN
VLV
KLV
KR
EFDN
KF
KN
TF
KC
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
KD
PU
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
control
Voltage limiter
Feedback gain
Feedback gain
Field voltage limit for feedback change
Feedback gain 1
Feedback gain 2
reactances
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VE1
PU
SE1
SE2
FMOD
PU
PU
Integer
according to FMOD
Notes
Saturation:
FEX :
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EXCITER– Type WI
Excitation system involving DC-generator-commutator exciters, with or without self-excitation,
and with a separate field incorporating a motor operated rheostat for slowly correcting small
errors and field contacts which force more rapid response to large errors.
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
SW1
Boolean
TR
TRH
KV
VR
Seconds
Seconds
PU
PU
KE
TE
PU
Seconds
UEMAX
UEMIN
VRMAX
VRMIN
SEMAX
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
Description
Switch Control:
at limit).
Switch Control:
IF VR or KE is set to zero: KE will automatically be calculated,
VR.
control
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SE75
PU
Notes
1) Auctioneering circuit (see block diagram)
If VR2 = 0
VR = VR1
If VR2 ≠ 0
VR = VR2
If -KV < V < KV
then
VR2 = 0
If V -KV
then
VR2 = VRMIN
If V KV
then
VR2 = VRMAX
If UEMAX equal 0:
Saturation:
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EXCITER– Type WJ
Parameters
NAME
TR
TC
TB
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KF
TF
UEMAX
UEMIN
KC
Type
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Feedback gain
Limiter gain
Notes
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181
EXCITER– Type WK
Parameters
NAME
TR
VIMAX
VIMIN
TC
TB
KA
TA
KF
TF
UEMAX
UEMIN
KC
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Feedback gain
Limiter gain
Notes
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182
EXCITER– Type WKA
Parameters
NAME
TR
VIMAX
VIMIN
TC
TB
KA
TA
KC
KF
TF
VRMAX
VRMIN
Type
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Description
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Output gain
Feedback gain
Notes
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183
EXCITER– Type WP
Excitation system involving controlled-rectifier exciters energized from a potential source only.
Parameters
NAME
SW
Type
Boolean
SW1
Boolean
TR
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
KF
TF
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
PU
Seconds
Description
Switch Control:
at limit).
Switch Control:
Gain
Time constant
Feedback gain
Notes
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184
EXCITER– Type WQ
Excitation system where stabilization is accomplished by means of a forward-path lead-lag
transfer function rather than by a damping feedback loop.
Parameters
SW
NAME
Type
Boolean
SW1
Boolean
TR
VIMAX
VIMIN
TC
TB
KA
TA
VRMAX
VRMIN
Seconds
PU
PU
Seconds
Seconds
PU
Seconds
PU
PU
Description
Switch Control:
at limit).
Switch Control:
Time constant
Time constant
Gain
Time constant
Notes
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185

exciter models

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