Wireless Data Center Network

Wireless Data Center Network
Reporter: Green
Outline
• What is DCN?
• Challenges in current DCN
– Cable
– Topology
– Traffic load
• Heterogeneous DCN
– Optical DCN
– Wireless DCN
• Challenges in WCDN
• The researches in WDCN
2
What is DCN?
http://www.dotblogs.com.tw/regionbbs/archive/2011/10/08/ithome.article.contest.
day3.cloud.infrastructure.aspx
3
What is DCN?
http://www.dotblogs.com.tw/regionbbs/archive/2011/10/08/ithome.article.contest.
day3.cloud.infrastructure.aspx
4
What is DCN?
http://www.dotblogs.com.tw/regionbbs/archive/2011/10/08/ithome.article.contest.
day3.cloud.infrastructure.aspx
5
What is DCN?
Cui. Y, Wang, H. Cheng, X. Chen, B. “Wireless data center networking”, Wireless
Comm., IEEE, 2011
6
What is DCN?
http://www.amplicon.com/info/Edge-to-Core.cfm
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What is DCN?
• Data Center Requirements
– High inter-node link capacity
• Bandwidth-demanding operations: E.g., GFS
• Distributed processing of large amounts of data: E.g., MapReduce
– Reliability
• Provision sources to meet the requirements of DCN
– Security Isolation
• Data exchanged between services in DCN must be isolated
– Scalability
• Link connectivity should scale to support large numbers of machines
– Small form factor of networking components:
• Higher processing requirements
• Floor space constraints
• Reduced energy consumption
K. Ramachandran et al. “60 GHz data-center networking: Wireless=>worry less?”,
Technical report, NEC, 2008
8
Challenges in Current DCN
• By the year of 2014
– Google has got over 900 000 servers in its 30 data
centers
• For traditional schemes
– Expensive high-end switches and a large number
of wires
Facts and Stats of World’s largest data centers
http://storageservers.wordpress.com/2013/07/17/facts-and-stats-of-worlds-largest-datacenters/
Yong Cui, Hongyi Wang, Xiuzhen Cheng, “Channel Allocation in Wireless Data Center
Networks”, INFOCOM , 2011
9
Challenges in Current DCN
• High maintenance challenges
– Cabling complexity
• Cables take up space
• Hard to keep accurate per-cable info
– Inefficient cooling
• Under raised floors  Airflow blockages
– Substantial operational costs
• 7-8% of the total infrastructure cost
K. Ramachandran et al. “60 GHz data-center networking: Wireless=>worry less?”,
Technical report, NEC, 2008
10
Challenges in Current DCN
K. Ramachandran et al. “60 GHz data-center networking: Wireless=>worry less?”,
Technical report, NEC, 2008
11
Challenges in Current DCN
𝑂𝑂(𝑛𝑛)
𝑂𝑂(𝑛𝑛2 )
Katayama, Y. ; Takano, K. ; Kohda, Y. ; Ohba, N. ; Nakano, D., ”Wireless data center
networking with steered-beam mm wave links”, WCNC, 2011
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Challenges in Current DCN
S. Kandula, J. Padhye, and P. Bahl. “Flyways to de-congest data center networks.” In
HotNets, Nov. 2009
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Challenges in Current DCN
S. Kandula, J. Padhye, and P. Bahl. “Flyways to de-congest data center networks.” In
HotNets, Nov. 2009 – relieve hotspot and boost performance
14
Challenges in Current DCN
D. Halperin, S. Kandula†, J. Padhye†, P. Bahl†, and D. Wetherall,” Augmenting Data
Center Networks with Multi-Gigabit Wireless Links”, SIGCOMM, 2011
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Heterogeneous DCN
G. Wang, David G. Andersen, Michael K, Konstantina Papagiannaki, T.S. Eugene
Ng, Michael Kozuch, Michael Ryan, ”c-Through: part-time optics in data centers”,
SIGCOMM, 2010
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Heterogeneous DCN
Farrington, N., et al. “Helios: A hybrid lectrical/optical switch architecture for modular data
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centers.” In Proc. Of SIGCOMM (2010).
Heterogeneous DCN
Katayama, Y. ; Takano, K. ; Kohda, Y. ; Ohba, N. ; Nakano, D., ”Wireless data center
networking with steered-beam mm wave links”, WCNC, 2011
18
Heterogeneous DCN
Cui. Y, Wang, H. Cheng, X. Chen, B. “Wireless data center networking”, Wireless
Comm., IEEE, 2011
19
The Researches in WDCN
• The technologies used in WDCN
– 802.11
– 802.15.3c
– 802.11ad
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Introduction of Wireless Technology
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https://sites.google.com/site/changch1011/my-blog/Next-Generation-of-WLAN-Technology
Introduction of Wireless Technology
http://electronicdesign.com/communications/what-s-difference-between-wireless-hd-and22
80211ad-60-ghz-technologies
The Researches in WDCN
D. Halperin, S. Kandula†, J. Padhye†, P. Bahl†, and D. Wetherall,” Augmenting Data
Center Networks with Multi-Gigabit Wireless Links”, SIGCOMM, 2011
23
The Researches in WDCN
S. Kandula, J. Padhye, and P. Bahl. “Flyways to de-congest data center networks.” In
HotNets, Nov. 2009 – relieve hotspot and boost performance
24
Introduction -WDCN
Hardware
Design
WDCN
Resource
Allocation
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Hardware
Design
The Researches in WDCN
[1] K. Ramachandran et al. “60 GHz data-center networking: Wireless=>worry less?”, Technical
report, NEC, 2008. (凱旭)
[2] S. Kandula, J. Padhye, and P. Bahl. “Flyways to de-congest data center networks.” In HotNets,
Nov. 2009 – relieve hotspot and boost performance (凱旭)
[3] Vardhan, H. ; Thomas, N. ; Seong-Ryong Ryu ; Banerjee, B. ;Prakash, R.,
“Wireless Data Center with Millimeter Wave Network”, GLOBECOM, 2010
[4] D. Halperin, S. Kandula†, J. Padhye†, P. Bahl†, and D. Wetherall,” Augmenting Data Center
Networks with Multi-Gigabit Wireless Links”, SIGCOMM, 2011(于翔)
[5] Katayama, Y. ; Takano, K. ; Kohda, Y. ; Ohba, N. ; Nakano, D., ”Wireless data center networking
with steered-beam mm wave links”, WCNC, 2011
[6] W. Zhang, X. Zhou, L. Yang, Z. Zhang, B. Y. Zhao, and H. Zheng. ”3D Beamforming for Wireless
Data Centers”. HotNets, 2011 (凱程)
[7] Yamane. T., katayama. K., “An effective initialization of interference cancellation algorithms for
distributed MIMO systems in wireless datacenters”, GLOBECOM, 2012
[8] Katayama, Y. ; Yamane, T. ; Kohda, Y. ; Takano, K. ;Nakano, D. ; Ohba, N.
”MIMO link design strategy for wireless data center applications”, WCNC, 2012
[9] Xia Z., Zengbin Z., Yibo Z., Yubo Li, Saipriya Kumar,. Amin Vahdat, Ben Y., “Mirror Mirror on
the Ceiling: Flexible Wireless Links for Data Centers”, SIGCOMM, 2012 (凱程)
[10] Shin, J.-Y. ; Sirer, E.G. ; Weatherspoon, H. ; Kirovski, D., ”On the Feasibility of Completely
Wireless Datacenters”, Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, vol. PP, no. 99, 2013
26
Resource
Allocation
The Researches in WDCN
[1] Cui. Y, Wang, H. Cheng, X. Chen, B. “Wireless data center networking”, Wireless Comm., IEEE,
2011 (專題生)
[2] Cui. Y, Wang, H. Cheng, X., “Wireless Link Scheduling for Data Center Networks”, ICUIMC,
2011(凱程)
[3] Cui. Y, Wang, H. Cheng, X., “Channel allocation in wireless data center network”, INFOCOM,
2011
[4] Cui. Y, Wang, H. Cheng, X., Li, D. Ylä-Jääski, A., “Dynamic Scheduling for Wireless Data Center
Networks”, Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PP, no. 99, 2013 (凱旭)
Scheduling by traffic load:
- The heuristic algorithm (by distance)
- Min-Max Scheduling (by distance)
- Genetic Algorithm
(by interference && transmitting speed)
The data traffic in ToR switches is heavy and
may cause serious degradation in network
performance
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The Researches in WDCN
At Microsoft Research in Redmond, Wash., 60 GHz wireless links are atop server racks.
The links are intended to speed data flow at crunch times.
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Suitability of 60 GHz radios
• Spectrum availability
– License-free 60 GHz range (57- 64 GHz)
– 70 orthogonal channels
• 1GHz = 10 channels (100MHz per channel)
• Improved interference mitigation and security
– Path loss attenuation due to low frequency
– Highly directional beams with small footprints
• Small λ and more # of antennas in a phased array
– 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 (less than 15゜)
• Scalability
– Scale DCN connectivity
• Small form-factors
– E.g., UWB (3.1 to 10.6GHz) requires 30cm x 30cm form factor
• Universal operation
– License-free in many countries
K. Ramachandran et al. “60 GHz data-center networking: Wireless=>worry less?”,
Technical report, NEC, 2008
29
The Researches in WDCN
Vardhan, H. ; Thomas, N. ; Seong-Ryong Ryu ; Banerjee, B. ;Prakash, R.,
“Wireless Data Center with Millimeter Wave Network”, GLOBECOM, 2010
30
Challenges of 60 GHz radios
• Characters of 60 GHz
– Travel shorter distances
– Suffer significant attenuation from obstacles
• Small λ
• Challenges of 60 GHz
– Lower bandwidth in practice
– Lower reliability
• High propagation loss and attenuation
• One of solution:
– High transmit powers, but power consumption ↑
K. Ramachandran et al. “60 GHz data-center networking: Wireless=>worry less?”,
Technical report, NEC, 2008
31
Challenges in WDCN
• How to determine the best beam to communicate with?
– TX
• Use feedback channel info to “
form”
beams off-line
• Use a table-lookup at runtime
– RX
• Estimate the channel from TX
• Feedback channel info to TX
• How often to carry out channel measurements?
– For beam forming
• Use the same beam in TX and RX?
• Need a suitable algorithm in DCN
– Map receiver feedback to antenna patterns?
• Dynamic channel fluctuations
– People walking within in DCN
K. Ramachandran et al. “60 GHz data-center networking: Wireless=>worry less?”,
Technical report, NEC, 2008
32
Challenges in WDCN
Yamane. T., katayama. K., “An effective initialization of interference cancellation algorithms
for distributed MIMO systems in wireless datacenters”, GLOBECOM, 2012
33
Wireless Data Center
Katayama, Y.,Yamane, T., Kohda, Y., Takano, K., Nakano, D., Ohba,N.,
”MIMO link design strategy for wireless data center applications”, WCNC, 2012
34
Wireless Data Center
D. Halperin, S. Kandula†, J. Padhye†, P. Bahl†, and D. Wetherall,” Augmenting Data
Center Networks with Multi-Gigabit Wireless Links”, SIGCOMM, 2011
35
Wireless Data Center
K. Ramachandran et al. “60 GHz data-center networking: Wireless=>worry less?”,
Technical report, NEC, 2008
36
Challenges in WDCN
• How to compute multi-hop routes ?
– By two arbitrary nodes that cannot be directly connected
• How to handle node and link failures?
• How to choose the optimal path
– Distribute the traffic for load balancing?
• Do nodes need to maintain multiple paths
– TXs deal with small time-scale channel fluctuations?
• How much do reflectors help improve link reliability?
• Is there an optimal placement of reflectors
– Max. performance && min. # of used reflectors
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The Reaserches in WDCN
Vardhan, H. ; Thomas, N. ; Seong-Ryong Ryu ; Banerjee, B. ;Prakash, R.,
“Wireless Data Center with Millimeter Wave Network”, GLOBECOM, 2010
38
The Researches in WDCN
Xia Z., Zengbin Z., Yibo Z., Yubo Li, Saipriya Kumar,. Amin Vahdat, Ben Y., “Mirror
Mirror on the Ceiling: Flexible Wireless Links for Data Centers”, SIGCOMM, 2012
39
The Researches in WDCN
Xia Z., Zengbin Z., Yibo Z., Yubo Li, Saipriya Kumar,. Amin Vahdat, Ben Y., “Mirror
Mirror on the Ceiling: Flexible Wireless Links for Data Centers”, SIGCOMM, 2012
40
The Researches in WDCN
Xia Z., Zengbin Z., Yibo Z., Yubo Li, Saipriya Kumar,. Amin Vahdat, Ben Y., “Mirror
Mirror on the Ceiling: Flexible Wireless Links for Data Centers”, SIGCOMM, 2012
41
The Researches in WDCN
Xia Z., Zengbin Z., Yibo Z., Yubo Li, Saipriya Kumar,. Amin Vahdat, Ben Y., “Mirror
Mirror on the Ceiling: Flexible Wireless Links for Data Centers”, SIGCOMM, 2012
42
The Researches in WDCN
Shin, J.-Y. ; Sirer, E.G. ; Weatherspoon, H. ; Kirovski, D., ”On the Feasibility of
Completely Wireless Datacenters”, Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, vol. PP, no.
99, 2013
43
The Researches in WDCN
Shin, J.-Y. ; Sirer, E.G. ; Weatherspoon, H. ; Kirovski, D., ”On the Feasibility of
Completely Wireless Datacenters”, Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, vol. PP, no.
99, 2013
44
The Researches in WDCN
For redundancy elimination
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