Measures To Minimize Damage And Loss Caused By Typhoons In

2013 APEC Typhoon Symposium
Taipei, 21-23 October 2013
MEASURES TO MINIMIZE DAMAGE
AND LOSS CAUSED BY TYPHOONS IN
VIET NAM
Nguyen Thi Hien Thuan
Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Viet Nam
Natural Hazards in Vietnam
Vietnam:
- One of the most disaster prone countries in the Asia
Pacific region.
- 80% population are exposed to
disasters
- Typhoons and floods are the
most frequent and most
devastating hazards.
- About 10 TC in East Sea, 4-6
TC hit Viet Nam
• Last ten years: annual economic loss equivalent to
1.5% of GDP per year and 8000 lives
•Lately escalation of both frequency and severity of
natural disasters, other climate extremes can be
attributed to climate change
• Increase in quantity and intensity of extreme-weather
events (typhoon, flood, flash flood, drought, heavy
rainfall);
• Population growth, rapid economic development,
urbanization, pressures on natural resources and climate
change, have increased the exposure and vulnerability of
the population to these hazards.
Top Natural Disasters in Viet Nam, 1950-2012
(a)
(b)
N
o
Disaster Date
(000 US$)
No Disaster Date
No
Killed
1
Storm
Sep 09
785,000
1
Storm
Sep 64
7000
2
Storm
Sep 06
624,000
2
Storm
Nov 97
3682
3
Flood
Oct 10
479,000
3
Storm
Sep 53
1000
4
Storm
Nov 97 470,000
4
Storm
Oct 85
798
5
Storm
Nov 06 456,000
5
Storm
May 89
751
6
Drought Dec 97
6
Flood
Oct 99
622
Damage
407,000
Temperature Changes
 Over the past 50 years,
annual average temperature
has increased 0.5oC.
 Winter temp increased
faster than summer temp.
 Temp in the North
increased faster than in the
South.
 Temp inland increased
faster than in coastal areas
and islands.
Precipitation Changes
• Dry season: slight change in the
North, but increasing in South;
• Rainy season: decreases ~ 5-10%
in the North, increase ~ 5-20% in
the South;
• Annual mean: increase in the
South, decreases in the North;
• Rainfall in rainy season in Central
VN increases stronger than others,
up to ~20%/50years;
Change in precipitation (%) over past 50 years
(IMHEN/2010)
Tropical storms with Climate Change

Frequency: not clear change
More typhoons with higher intensity
affecting Viet Nam.

Typhoon track has a tendency of
moving southward

Typhoon season tends to end later.

More typhoons with abnormal
movement

Case Studies of tropical storms
No
1
Storm
Event
Typhoon
Linda
Loss
No of Areas affected
&Damage
Date of Killed+
landing Missing
(Mil US$)
21 provinces in
Central and
360
South
02-11-97 >3000
2
(No 5)
Typhoon
Xangsane
(No 6) 27-09-06
3
Typhoon
Ketsana
(No 9)
28-09-09
82
187
15 provinces in
Central and
South
15 provinces in
Central and
Central
Highlands
624
785

Typhoon Linda (No 5, Nov 1997)
Late tropical storm.
Worst storm hit South Vietnam in 100
years
Local people unexperienced against
storms – fishermen offshore.
More than 3000 people died and
missing
Loss of over 7 bil VND ~ 360 mil USD
Lesson learned:
-Community awareness
-Capacity and rescue facilities
- Disaster management

Typhoon Xangsane (No 6, Oct 2006)
Category 12 - 13 typhoon
82 dead and missing; loss of over
10 billion VND ~ 650 mil USD
15 provinces were heavily
damaged: Da Nang City was worst
affected (12,000 homes destroyed
and 113,000 damaged)

Typhoon Xangsane (No 6, Oct 2006,
Systematic measures need to be
taken:
-Forecasting : longer time ahead;
- Management of fishing boats
- Rescue and Relief after events:
Mechanism for relief mobilization
- Motto: 4 resources at place:
commanding , man power, facilities,
and logistics
Typhoon Ketsana (No 9, Sep 2009)
•Category 12 - 13 typhoon
•Heavy rain several days - Deep
flood about 1,0-4,5m during 3 - 7
days.
•Affected not only coastal but also
High Lands areas
•Loss: 187 lives, 16,000 bil VND
Lessons:
- Forecasting, communication
- Deforestation
-Hydropower development and
management
- Coordination
2013
Typhoon Wutip (No 10, Sep 2013)
•Category 12 - 13 typhoon
•Heavy rainfall: 400-600mm in 3 days;
•Hydropower reservoirs released water
for safety
• Rapid increase of flood water
•Loss: 14 people, 11,000 bil VND
,
Typhoon Wutip (No 10, 30 Sep 2013)
Typhoon Nari (No 11, 15 Oct 2013)
•Category 12 - 13 typhoon
•Early, updated warning
•Evacuated more than 120,000
people
• 5 died at typhoon, ~20 died in
followed flood, flash flood
Typhoon Nari (No 11, 15 Oct 2013)
Typhoon Nari (No 11, 15 Oct 2013)
,
Typhoon Nari (No 11, Oct 2013)
Lessons:
- Early warning
- Coordination from central gov to local
- Temporal evacuation before event
• Emergency water release from reservoirs
Disaster Management in context of Climate Change
Structure




Central Committee for Flood and Storm Control
(CCFSC, MARD): 1990, chief coordinating body,
representative of ministries and agencies, for
disaster mitigation, response and relief;
Provincial/City and community levels
Technical agencies: National Hydromet Forecasting
Center (regional, provincial centers); MARD:
Directorate of Water Res.; Dike Management and
Flood & Storm Center, Disaster Management
Center,...
Mobilization of Military and Police at place
Inter. Organizations and NGOs active assistance,
especially in after-event relief support
Disaster Management in context of Climate Change
Policies





National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention,
Response and Mitigation toward 2020 (2007). Law
on Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (2013)
National Committee for Search and Rescue (NCSR)
National Target Program (NTP) to respond to
climate change (2008) – National Climate change
Strategy (2012) – National Action Plan on CC –
National Committee on CC (2012, chaired by Prime
Minister)
Community based disaster management
Strengthening forecasting capacity: facilities,
equipment, forecasting models, training
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
11
10
09
08
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
19
LOSSES RECORDED FROM 1990 TO 2011
Loss of proverty (billion)
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Number of Death and missing (people)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Conclusions







Disasters happen, we cannot avoid – should be
well prepared
Effective disaster reduction and response through
multi-level, and multi-disciplinary cooperation
and collaboration;
Decisions based on reliable information from
hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment;
Good communication and an efficient exchange of
relevant and reliable information;
Appropriate mechanisms are in place, including
policies, structure, coordination
Capacity building and resources: Forecasting
capability;
Community: preparedness, relief and livelihood
Thank you for attention!