Transformer steel 4.17 Mb
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Transformer steel 4.17 Mb
Contents Introduction 2 1. Application scope 4 2. Process 5 Production flow chart 6 Properties 7 3.1 Dimensional product mix 7 3.2 Magnetic properties 8 3. 3.3 Physical and mechanical properties 11 3.4 Electric insulation coating 12 4. Page index of diagrams of steel magnetic properties per grade 13 5. Packaging 35 6. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties to various standards 36 6А. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties of various manufacturers 37 7. Conversion table 38 8. Contact details 39 2 Introduction NLMK Group produces grain-oriented electrical steel at two of its Russian sites: OJSC “NLMK”, Lipetsk, and LLC “VIZ-Stal”, Yekaterinburg. Due to its advantage of wide experience in grain-oriented electrical steel production gained at its sites in Lipetsk (since 1960) and Yekaterinburg (since 1973) NLMK Group meets its customers’ requirements and continuously improves its product quality. Grain-oriented electrical steel by NLMK Group is widely used for the manufacture of power and distribution transformers of various design, other electrical equipment and apparatuses. At present NLMK is implementing a large-scale equipment and process upgrading program and is planning to master the production of high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel by 2010-2011. The Group companies are giving great consideration to quality and environment management systems and have obtained certificates confirming their compliance with international standards. NLMK Group has a well-developed global sales center network and the required logistic resources to guarantee on-time delivery of grain-oriented electrical steel directly to the consumer's site. 3 4 1. Application scope Grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES) is widely used for the production of power transformers and has low specific core loss, which makes it essential for the manufacture of magnetic cores. List of main electrical equipment, where NLMK Group’s steel is used for the manufacture of magnetic cores: power transformers; distribution transformers; shunt reactors; measuring transformers; generators; high-voltage and low-voltage gear; electronics. 5 2. Process GOES is melted in and tapped from basic oxygen furnaces (BOF) with subsequent casting at continuous casting machines (CCM). A comprehensive technology provides for liquid steel blowing with inert gases, vacuum degassing and secondary metallurgy. Hot rolling is performed at continuous hot strip mill. Cold-rolled strip production First strip surface is descaled at the pickling line. Then the strip undergoes first cold rolling at continuous 4-stand mill to obtain intermediate thickness. Cold-rolled strip is subjected to decarburization re-crystallization annealing at continuous annealing line. In the process of second cold rolling the strip is reduced to its final thickness. After heat-resistant coating is applied (MgO), the coils undergo high-temperature batch annealing in hydrogen atmosphere. Then the strip is cleaned from excessive MgO, coated with electric insulation coating and undergoes further processing at thermoflattening and electric insulation coating lines. Part of coils is laser-treated at laser facility (domain refining). Slitting and cut-to-length lines are used for edge trimming, slitting and commodity coil generation. Finished products are packed and shipped by railway or by trucks. 6 Production flow chart of cold-rolled electrical steel 1. Pickling of hot-rolled strip 6. High-temperature annealing in bell-type furnaces in controlled environment 2. 1st cold rolling to intermediate thickness 3. Decarburization annealing at continuous annealing line 4. 2nd cold rolling to final thickness 5. Heat-resistant coating application 7. Electric insulation coating application and thermoflattening 8. Slitting and cutting operations (edge trimming; slitting; cutting to length) 9. Treatment at laser facility 10. Finished product shipment 7 8 3. Properties 3.1. Dimensional product mix Fully-processed cold-rolled grain-oriented electrical steel (CRGO) is supplied in line with GOST 21427.1 (Russia), EN 10107 (EC), NLMK standard and technical specifications agreed with the customers. Grain-oriented electrical steel is supplied with electric insulation non-organic coating. Nominal thickness, mm 0.23; 0.27; 0.30; 0.35; 0.50 Width, mm coils up to 1 000 slit strip 90-500 Coil ID, mm 500 Coil weight, t up to 5 Nominal thickness, mm Max. thickness deviation, mm 0.23; 0.27; 0.30 0.35; 0.50 ± 0.020 ± 0.030 Max. weld thickness deviation, mm 0.02 Transverse thickness deviation, max., mm 0.02 Longitudinal thickness deviation (1 500 mm of length), max., mm 0.02 Burr height, max., mm 0.02 Nominal width, mm Max. width deviation, mm L≤ 250 250<L≤500 L>500 +0.8 +1.2 +0.5% Wave factor, %, max. 1.5 Wave height, max., mm 3.0 Camber (1 500 mm of length), max., mm 0.5 Grain-oriented electrical steel meeting other product mix requirements can be produced according to special order upon additional agreement. 9 3.2 Magnetic properties Subject to agreement with the customer electrical grain-oriented steel is supplied in accordance with GOST 21427.1, EN 10107, NLMK Standard and Technical Specification in grades specified in this section. Steel grade Nominal thickness, mm Guaranteed magnetic properties Р1.5/50, max., W/ kg Typical magnetic properties Р1.7/50, max., W/ kg В800, min, T Р1.5/50, W/kg, average Р1.7/50, W/kg, average В800, T, average 1.00 1.85 0.68 0.99 1.86 1.10 1.78 0.69 1.06 1.86 European standard EN 10107 M100-23P М110-23S М120-23S 0.23 М127-23S 1.20 1.78 0.74 1.11 1.86 1.27 1.75 0.77 1.21 1.84 State standard of Russia GOST 21427.1 3409 1.08 0.75 1.06 1.88 3408 1.14 0.78 1.12 1.88 1.20 0.80 1.16 1.87 3406 1.27 0.83 1.23 1.86 3409 1.14 0.81 1.13 1.88 3408 1.20 0.82 1.17 1.88 1.26 0.84 1.22 1.87 3406 1.33 0.89 1.28 1.86 3409 1.24 0.89 1.22 1.87 3408 1.30 0.92 1.27 1.87 1.36 0.93 1.31 1.86 1.43 0.98 1.41 1.83 0.68 0.99 1.88 3407 3407 3407 0.27 0.30 0.35 3406 Corporate standard NLMK STO 05757665-008 NV23S-100L NV23S-110 - 1.00 1.87 0.73 1.10 1.85 0.69 1.06 1.86 0.77 1.20 1.83 0.74 1.13 1.86 NV23S-127 0.80 1.27 1.82 0.78 1.22 1.85 NV27P-100 - 1.00 1.88 0.68 0.99 1.88 NV23S-120 0.23 NV27S-105L - 1.05 1.87 0.74 1.04 1.88 NV27S-110 0.75 1.10 1.86 0.74 1.07 1.88 0.80 1.20 1.84 0.78 1.13 1.87 NV27S-130 0.85 1.30 1.83 0.81 1.24 1.85 NV27S-140 0.89 1.40 1.82 0.86 1.35 1.83 NV27S-120 0.27 10 Steel grade Nominal thickness, mm Guaranteed magnetic properties Typical magnetic properties Р1.5/50, max., W/ kg Р1.7/50, max., W/ kg В800, min, T Р1.5/50, W/kg, average Р1.7/50, W/kg, average В800, T, average NV30P-105 - 1.05 1.88 0.77 1.04 1.88 NV30S-110L - 1.10 1.87 0.78 1.08 1.88 0.80 1.20 1.86 0.80 1.16 1.88 NV30S-130 NV30S-120 0.85 1.30 1.84 0.84 1.25 1.86 NV30S-140 0.89 1.40 1.78 0.88 1.34 1.83 NV35S-120 0.90 1.20 1.86 0.86 1.18 1.87 NV35S-130 0.30 0.35 NV35S-145 0.95 1.30 1.83 0.91 1.26 1.85 1.00 1.45 1.81 0.95 1.35 1.84 0.95 1.87 0.66 0.94 1.88 1.00 1.86 0.67 0.98 1.87 1.05 1.85 0.71 1.02 1.86 Technical specification NLMK TU 14-106-769 NV23S-095L NV23S-100L 0.23 NV23S-105L NV27S-095L 0.95 1.87 0.67 0.94 1.88 1.00 1.86 0.68 0.98 1.87 NV27S-105L 1.05 1.85 0.74 1.02 1.86 NV30S-100L 1.00 1.87 0.75 0.99 1.88 NV27S-100L NV30S-105L NV30S-110L 0.27 0.30 1.05 1.86 0.77 1.03 1.87 1.10 1.85 0.78 1.07 1.86 The measurements of magnetic properties are done in accordance with IEC 60404, GOST 12119. Reference formulas for the conversion of specific loss at 50 Hz into specific loss at 60 Hz: P1.5/60 = P1.5/50*1.266 P1.7/60 = P1.7/50*1.316 “L” in grade designations means that the steel has undergone domain refining by laser treatment. In the course of using this steel its annealing (heating in excess of 4500С) is not recommended. The appearance of laser-treated steel with refined domain structure does not differ from that of untreated steel. Laser treatment marks are not visible on the surface of the steel. 11 The appearance of laser-treated steel surface, coated and uncoated Coated Uncoated 3.3. Physical and mechanical properties Thickness, mm Indicator Longitudinal σт, N/mm2 Transverse Longitudinal σB, N/mm2 Transverse Longitudinal δ4, % Transverse HV5 Value 0.23 0.27 0.30 0.35 average 335 339 332 335 min-max 320–360 315–350 315–360 310–360 average 357 358 352 354 min-max 345–370 349–369 344–361 347–365 average 362 359 354 356 min-max 340–375 341–372 336–376 338–375 average 405 409 400 408 min-max 395–415 399–421 386–426 390–425 average 8 9 10 11 min-max 6–12 7–13 7–16 average 27 28 28 29 min-max 24–30 24–31 24–37 25–37 average 175 174 178 177 min-max 165–190 164–182 165–195 168–200 Stacking factor average 0.950 0.955 0.960 0.965 Specific electrical resistance, Ohm•mm2/m average 0.475 min-max 0.45–0.50 Specific density, kg/m3 7 650 Number of bends ≥2 Coefficient of ageing, % ≤2 12 3.4 Electric insulation coating Grain-oriented electrical steel is supplied in coils and slit coils with electric insulation coating: “СМ” coating (Coating Magnetoactive) – ground layer based on magnesium and silicon oxides covered with silicon phosphates and oxides. Technical properties Coating type acc. to STO 05757665-008-2007 СМ Coating type acc. to GOST 21427.1 ЭТ Class ASTM 976 С2+C5 EN 10342 EC-5-G Color grey or brown grey Coating double-side Coating thickness, μm 2.0–5.0 Resistance coefficient, Ohm x cm2 ≥20 Heat resistance 8300С, 10 h., protective atmosphere (90% N2 +10% H2) Oil resistance good 13 4. Page index of diagrams of steel magnetic properties per grade Steel grade 3409 3408 М12023S 3407 Thickness, mm 0.27 0.30 0.27 0.30 0.35 0.27 0.30 0.35 0.23 Magnetic polarization 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Relative peak permeability 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Core loss 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Exciting power 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Specific core loss at an angle, P1,5/50 32 33 Magnetic induction at an angle, В800 32 34 Permeability at an angle, μ1,5 33 34 14 Magnetic polarization Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3409 Relative peak permeability m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3409 15 Core loss P=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3409 Exciting power S=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3409 16 Magnetic polarization Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3409 Relative peak permeability m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3409 17 Core loss P=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3409 Exciting power S=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3409 18 Magnetic polarization Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3408 Relative peak permeability m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3408 19 Core loss P=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3408 Exciting power S=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3408 20 Magnetic polarization Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3408 Relative peak permeability m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3408 21 Core loss P=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3408 Exciting power S=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3408 22 Magnetic polarization Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3408 Relative peak permeability m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3408 23 Core loss P=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3408 Exciting power S=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3408 24 Magnetic polarization Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3407 Relative peak permeability m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3407 25 Core loss P=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3407 Exciting power S=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3407 26 Magnetic polarization Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3407 Relative peak permeability m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3407 27 Core loss P=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3407 Exciting power S=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3407 28 Magnetic polarization Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3407 Relative peak permeability m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3407 29 Core loss P=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3407 Exciting power S=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3407 30 Magnetic polarization Jm=f(Hrms), 0.23 mm, M120-23S Relative peak permeability m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.23 mm, M120-23S 31 Core loss P=f(Jm), 0.23 mm, M120-23S Exciting power S=f(Jm), 0.23 mm, M120-23S 32 Core losses Р1.5/50 at angles to the rolling direction 0.27 mm, 3409 Magnetic polarization В800 at angles to the rolling direction 0.27 mm, 3409 33 Permeability μ15 at angles to the rolling direction 0.27 mm, 3409 Core losses Р1.5/50 at angles to the rolling direction 0.30 mm, 3409 34 Magnetic polarization В800 at angles to the rolling direction 0.30 mm, 3409 Permeability μ15 at angles to the rolling direction 0.30 mm, 3409 35 5. Packaging 10 3 2 7 1 8 5 9 4 6 3 1. Fastener 2. Strapping band 3. Cover lid 4. Outer wrapping sheet 5. PE-coated wrapping paper 6. Pallet assembly with screw dies and angles 7. PE-film 8. Adhesive tape 9. Self-adhesive label 10. Protective angle Grain-oriented electrical steel coils and slit coils are shipped eye up. 0.35 0.30 0.27 0.23 Thickness, mm 1.33 1.40 1.50 1.24 1.30 1.36 3406 3405 3404 3409 3408 3407 1.60 1.26 3407 3404 1.20 3408 1.50 1.14 3409 3405 1.38 3405 1.43 1.27 3406 1.20 3406 1.14 3408 3407 1.08 Specific loss, Р1.7/50, W/kg 3409 Grade GOST 21427.1-83, Russia 35Q155 35Q145 35Q135 35QG135 35QG125 30Q150 30Q140 30Q130 30QG130 30QG120 30QG110 27Q140 27Q130 27Q120 27QG110 27QG100 Grade 1.55 1.45 1.35 1.35 1.25 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 Specific loss, Р1.7/50, W/kg GB/T 2521-96, China 35G155 35G145 35G135 35Р125 30G150 30G140 30G130 30Р120 27G140 27G130 27G120 27Р110 Grade 1.55 1.45 1.35 1.25 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 Specific loss, Р1.7/50, W/kg JIS G G2553-2000, Japan М6 М5 М5 М4 М3 М4 1.57 1.45 1.39 1.32 1.23 1.27 1.21 1.18 M3 М3 Specific loss, Р1.7/50, W/kg Grade AISI 1983, USA 35Н207М 30Н183М 27Н163М Grade 1.57 1.39 1.24 Specific loss, Р1.7/50, W/kg ASTM A 876M, USA М165-35S M150-35S M140-35S M150-30S M140-30S M130-30S M140-27S M130-27S 1.65 1.50 1.40 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.27 M120-27S 1.20 M127-23S Specific loss, Р1.7/50, W/kg M120-23S Grade EN 10107, ЕС 6. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties to various standards 36 Thickness, mm 0.30 0.27 1.50 1.20 3408 3404 1.14 3409 1.40 1.38 3405 1.33 1.27 3406 3405 1.20 3407 3406 1.14 3408 1.26 1.08 3409 3407 Specific loss, Р1,7/50, W/kg Grade Induction, В100,Т 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.68 1.71 1.72 1.61 1.62 1.68 1.71 1.72 NV27P-100 NV30S-140 NV30S-130 NV30S-120 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.05 NV30P-105 NV30S-110L 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 NV27S-140 NV27S-130 NV27S-120 NV27S-110 1.05 1.00 Grade NV27S-105L Specific loss, Р1,7/50, W/kg Induction, В800,Т 1.78 1.84 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.82 1.83 1.84 1.86 1.87 1.88 NLMK Standard (STO 05757665-008) 3Z140 30Z130 30Z120 30ZH110 30ZH105 27Z130 27Z120 27ZH110 27ZH100 Grade Nippon Steel Specific loss, Р1,7/50, W/kg 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 Induction, В800,Т 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.88 1.88 1.80 1.80 1.88 1.88 30RG140 30RG130 30RG120 30RGH110 30RGH105 27RG130 27RG120 27RGH110 27RGH100 Grade JFE Specific loss, Р1,7/50, W/kg 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 Induction, В800,Т 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.87 1.87 1.80 1.80 1.87 1.87 30PG198 30PG185 30PG172 30PH158 30PH145 30PH105 27PG185 27PG172 27PG158 27PH145 27PH100 Grade POSCO Specific loss, Р1,7/50, W/kg 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 1.77 1.80 1.80 1.87 1.87 1.88 1.76 1.80 1.80 1.87 1.88 C150-30 C140-30 C130-30 H111-30 H105-30 C140-27 C130-27 C120-27 H103-27 Grade Thyssen 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.11 1.05 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.03 Specific loss, Р1,7/50, W/kg GOST 21427.1-83 Induction, В800,Т 6А. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties of various manufacturers Induction, В800,Т 1.75 1.78 1.80 1.85 1.88 1.75 1.78 1.80 1.85 37 38 7. Conversion table Characteristic Magnetic induction, B Magnetic field intensity Specific core loss, P Unit of measurement Conversion factor Conversion unit T 104 Gs Gs 10 lines per sq. inch 1.55∙10 T T 6.45∙104 lines per sq. inch oersted, (Oe) 79.58 A/m A/m 0.01257 oersted, (Oe) W/kg 0.4536 W/lb W/lb 2.205 W/kg 145 psi 6.9∙10 MPa (N/mm2) С х1.8 + 32 0 0 F х0.556 + 17.8 0 pound 0.4536 kg kg 2.205 pound m 39.4 inch inch 0.0254 m m 3.281 foot foot 0.3048 m 0 Temperature, T Weight Thickness, width, length -5 MPa (N/mm ) 2 Tensile strength T -4 psi -3 F С 39 8. Contact details OJSC “Novolipetsk Steel” Russia, 398040 Lipetsk, 2, pl. Metallurgov Fax: (4742) 44 11 11 e-mail: info@nlmk.ru, http://www.nlmk.ru LLC “VIZ-Stal” Russia, 620219 Yekaterinburg, 28, Kirova st., GSP-714 Tel. (343) 245 49 73, Fax: (343) 242 71 08 e-mail:steel@viz.ru
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