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INTRODUCTION OF PITCHED ROOF STRUCTURES
INTRODUCTION OF PITCHED ROOF STRUCTURES TAKÁCS Lajos Gábor BUTE Department of Building Constructions ltakacs@epsz.bme.hu TOPIC SCHEDULE OF THE ACADEMIC YEAR LECTURE week date 1. 05.09. Introduction. Pitched roofs.Functions, principles, roof forms. 09.09. Requirements for the semester. Semester Project I. Basic timber joints, roof shape construction. 2. 12.09. Traditional rafter type roofs with details. 16.09. WE 1.: Rafter type roofs with details 3. 19.09. Traditional purlin type roofs, joints, details. Up to date carpentry. Timber trusses, girders. 23.09. WE 2.: Purlin type roof with details. 4. 26.09. Roof coverings: concrete and clay tiles. Slate, artificial slate roofing. 30.09. WE 3.: Up-to-date prefabricated roof truss with details 5. 03.10. Panel roof claddings, drainage of pitched roofs, flashings. 07.10. I. short test (roof constructions). Consultation 6. 10.10. Metal roof coverings. 14.10. WE 4/1.: Roof covering details. 7. 17.10. Living attic: bulding phisycs, layers, ventilation, windows. 21.10. WE 4/2.: Roof covering details. Consultation 8. 24.10. Foundations: function, principles, types of soils, drain systems. 28.10. Consultation 9. 05.11. Design of foundations. Shallow foundations (Saturday, instead of 01-11-2011) 04.11. Deep foundations. 11.11. 10. 07.11. topics TUTOR IAL date topics II. short test (roof coverings). WE 5.: Strip foundation with waterproofing I. 1st semester project deadline. WE 6.: Strip foundation with waterproofing II. 11. 14.11. Waterproofings in the soil. Basic principles. 18.11. WE 7.: Foundation with waterproofing against subsoil water 12. 21.11. Waterproofings in the soil I. 25.11. Open day (no classes) 13. 28.11. Waterproofings in the soil II. 02.12. III. short test (foundations). Consultation 14. 05.12. Studio week 09.12. Studio week, consultation BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor PITCHED ROOFS AS ARCHITECTURE BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor PITCHED ROOFS AS ARCHITECTURAL TOOLS BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor PITCHED ROOFS AS ARCHITECTURAL TOOLS BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor PITCHED ROOFS AS ARCHITECTURAL TOOLS BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor CONTEMPORARY EXAMPLE BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor CONTEMPORARY EXAMPLE – WINERY IN BADACSONYTOMAJ, ARCHITECT: KIS PÉTER BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor ROOFS DETERMINE THE CITYSCAPE BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor ROOFS DETERMINE THE CITYSCAPE BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF PITCHED ROOFS Roof covering with substructure (battens, counter battens, rafter)) Roof construction (primary loadbearing elements: posts, purlins etc.) Heavyweight substucture • • • • High pitch angle (between 15-95º) Fast rainwater channeling External rainwater outlet (gutter) Small-scale roof cladding BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor SPECIAL EFFECTS ON PITCHED ROOFS: WIND Wind pressure and -suction Direction of wind forces BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor SPECIAL EFFECTS ON PITCHED ROOFS: SNOW Freezing Ventilation Snow, ice (extra loads in winter conditions) BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Freezing at the eaves Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor PITCH ANGLE - ARCHITECTURE – ROOFING MATERIALS Pitch angle depends on: • Amound and type of the precipitation (rain, snow, ice etc.) • Local roofing materials (natural slate, stone ↔ timber shingle, sheaf, reed etc. BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor PITCH ANGLE - ARCHITECTURE – ROOFING MATERIALS Traditional vernacular houses in Transylvania – the roof is covered with timber shingles PITCH ANGLE - ARCHITECTURE – ROOFING MATERIALS Traditional vernacular house in Westray, Orkney– the roof is covered with natural stone BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor PARTS OF THE ROOF 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs Eaves Ridge (horizontal) Hip Valley Fire wall Ridge Hip Chimney flashing Revision door Skylight window Dormer window Antenna Vent pipe penetration © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FORM OF THE ROOF Coupled roof with gable walls Plan view Side view Axonometry Front view BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Single-sloped or pent roof Plan view Side view Introduction Of Pitched Roofs Axonometry Front view © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FORM OF THE ROOF Hipped roof Plan view Side view Partly hipped roof Axonometry Front view BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Plan view Side view Introduction Of Pitched Roofs Axonometry Front view © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FORM OF THE ROOF Basilican roof Plan view Side view Brench roof Axonometry Front view BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Plan view Side view Introduction Of Pitched Roofs Axonometry Front view © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FORM OF THE ROOF Jerkin-head or partial hipped roof Plan view Side view Axonometry Front view BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Mansard type roof with dormer window Axonometry Plan view Side view Introduction Of Pitched Roofs Front view © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FORM OF THE ROOF Shed or sawtooth roof Plan view Side view Angled roof Axonometry Front view BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Axonometry Plan view Side view Introduction Of Pitched Roofs Front view © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FORM OF THE ROOF Conical broach roof Tower roof Plan view Plan view Side view Axonometry Axonometry Front view BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Side view Introduction Of Pitched Roofs Front view © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor ROOF FORM CONSTRUCTION Roof form of a squared building with equal pitch angles Adjustment of the lenght of the ridge using different pitch angles (α>β) BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FORM OF THE ROOF Construction of the roof form of complicated roofs using equal pitch angles BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FORM OF THE ROOF Construction of the roof form of a complicated roof using equal pitch angles BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FORM OF THE ROOF Inclined ridge – horizontal ridge, inclined eaves – flat roof on the ridge Right construction BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Wrong construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor MATERIALS OF ROOF CONSTRUCTIONS 1. Timber or lumber (most common and traditional) 1.1. Ordinary (pine, oak) soft- or hardwood, engineered lumber 1.2. Laminated Venneer Lumber (LVL) 2. Steel 3. RC (prefabricated) BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor MAIN PARTS OF THE WOOD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Gut Core Alburnum Cambium ring Bast sieve tissue Bark Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor TIMBER MISTAKES a: Excentricity b: Contortion a: inner knots/burls b1, b2: drop out burls BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor TIMBER MISTAKES a: movements due to drying b, c: wrong d, e: right BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor TIMBER PRODUCTS CLASSIFICATION Battens Counter-batten Boards Beam (from 10/10) BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor BIOLOGICAL DETERIORATIONS: FUNGHI BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor BIOLOGICAL DETERIORATIONS: INSECTS BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor FIRE OF A TIMBER SCAFFOLDING (BESZTERCE, 12-06-2007) BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor RESULT OF A CLOUD-TO-GROUND DISCHARGE (LIGHTING) BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor TRADITION AND HISTORY OF ROOF STRUCTURES ROMAN ROOF CONSTRUCTION BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor ROMANESQUE AND GOTHIC ROOF CONSTRUCTIONS BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor ROOF CONSTRUCTIONS – REAL 3D CONSTRUCTIONS Cathedral Of Kilkenny (Ireland) – Amiens Cathedral (France) – both were built by Normans, who were ship-builders and therefore excellent carpenters BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor BAROQUE ROOF CONSTRUCTIONS BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor ECLECTIC ROOF CONSTRUCTIONS BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor UP-TO-DATE ROOF TRUSSES BUTE Faculty Of Architecture Department Of Building Construction Introduction Of Pitched Roofs © Dr. Takács Lajos Gábor