US Fish and Wildlife Service – Native Plants

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CoD1Piledby the u.s- F"1Sh
and Wddlife Service, dlesapeake Bay Field Office, in coo~tion
Nafura1Science Centes-and Adkins ~refum..
with frvin~
u.s. fish and Wildlife SeMce, a,...peake Bay Field Offi~
The Fishand Wildlife Service is a federal agency ~nsible
for protecting. enhancing and managing the
nation'sfish and wildlife resources.The ChesapeakeBay Field Office has 5evernl programs to assistprivate
landowneJSand sd\ools in wildlife tJabitatrestoratiorL
.
Address: 177 Admiral CodJrane Drive, Annapolis,MD 21401. Telephone: (470) S7304sDO.
Irvine Natur'!l Science Center
Th~ Irvine Natural Sdence Centef"is a private nonprofit eduationaJ organization offering programs of environmental stUdJesand natur3Jsrienc:eto dJildren and adults in .the greater Baltimore area.The purpose of these
programsis to inspire an apprecIation and ~
for the natural world, to increase awarenessof environmental
issuesand' to encourage ind"Mduatsto sustainthe e,ard'I'se=-In..
'. .
Address:st. 1imothy's SdJooJ,Stevenson,MD 21153. Telephone:(470) 484-2413.
Adkins Arboretum
Adkin.sArboretiJm contains 500 acres of native trees and shnilis arranged.in nafural foresttypes- The a:rborewm
offers eduC4tional programs:.
Address:Tud:ahoe S~te Park,Rt 1 Box 23, Queen Anne, MD 21657. TeJephon~ (4JD) 63+2847.
Compiled by Ridl Mason and Jason Hitd1cod.
Cover illustration by Sandy Jannid1e.
Other illustrations by Sandy Glover and -Rim Maso[L
Not for re.iie.
This guide may be repn>duced without
Nollember 7995
pem1ission.
WHY
USE NA 11VE PlANtS?
Native Or indigenous plantS are adapted to the local soilr
rain mIl and temperature cond"rtions, and have developed
natural defenses to withstand many types of i~
and
disea-ses. Beca.useof lf1ese trajts, native plants Wl1Igrow
without a lot of maintenance. Wildlife species evolve with
plants; therefore, they use native plant ccmmuQjtjes as their
habitat. Using native plants helps preserve the balance of
nat1Jra.I-.In
contrast. many nalura.Jecosystems
have been degraded by exotic,. Or non-native plants introduced from other parts of the world Some of 1hese introduced plan~ are invasive. meaning dley do not have any
natural con0'01s. Invasive plants can spread rapidly and
smother native vegetatjo(l. ~
impaded by invasive
exotic plants have less wildlife and plant diversity than
unaffected systems. A list of Invasive ~otic plants to avoid is
provided in the bad<. of this guide.
WHERE
TO AND
NATIVE
3. Planting layout: PlanfS OCOJrin nawraJ plant communitiBS
in many d"rfferent arrangements..1be most common
~gement
OCCJ!Swhen similar sped~ of plants ~
~c
loosely grouped together (see the following diagrdm).
ThBSe group~ overlap and ~ inrerspe,$ed with other
spede!i.
4. plant Spacing: Do not plant on a grid pattern with plants
evenly spaced. Attempt to simulate the random spadng
th3t ~
in nab.Jral plant conununities. The funowing
spadng guidelines afe used to detemline the number of
plants ~ed
for a specific area: Herb~
plants l' to
2. apart. Shrubs and sman tree; 5' to 8' apart. ~
1Jees
10' to 15' apart.
s. Selea a variety of plants that fruit or bloom during
different times of the year to pr-ovide food for wildlife
year round
PLANTS
Most nu~es
ca.rry some native plants. A few nurseries
spedalize in native pbnts and C;Jtry a greater selecljon than
tradiuonal nurseries- Plants should never be CDIlected from
the wild unless the area is being deared for devefopment.
Plantingl..ayout
TlPS ON SrrE SEL.ECfION
1. Identify areas of unused lawn that could be natlJraflZed for
less rn.1intenance and better wildlife habitat.
2. Look for opportunities
natural areas-
to expand
the size of existing
3. look for waySto make corridors for wildrJfeby connecting natllral areaswith hedgerows. Hedgerows are narrow
bands of vegetation like the ones found between tl.rm
fields.
TIPS ON
DESIGNING
..$i~..
Different
species
A HABn-AT
1. Where feasible, try to re-create components found in
naturaJ habitats. For Instance. a woodland indudes small
herbaceous plants, small shrubs, large shrubs, small trees
and large trees as well as decaying logs, dead bnJSh and
leaf ~itter. Incorporate as many of these features as
possible into a woodLand habitat project.
2. AITange your native plants in aggregate groups or groves
~thef than individuaJ plants sutn)lU1ded by mowed lawn.
Aggregate plantings resemble the natural plant commun...
ties tha~ wildlife use as habitat. By not mowing between
plants, other plants will colonize your planting, adding [0
the habitat diversity -Remove any invasive exotic plants.
6. larger
areas usually provide
habitat for more species than
sm3f1eJ"areas.
7- A diversity
of plants win attract more wildlife.
8. Provide water if possible. Bird baths or shallow dish~
work well A small temporary puddle or pool may provide
a place for frogs and salamanders to lay eggs.
9. Incorporate feeders and nesting boxes to complement
plantings.
10. Avoid using toxic p~ddes.
,
2
Ugftt: partial to fun sun
Moisture: Wet to well-drained
(to!fntes 800ding}
Acer Iubn.Jm
Kiw.-Birdl
BefuJanigra
BiUemUtHickory
Ca(ya
cardiformis
Red Mardt
bloom.
red faIt color.
Food: Seeds and sap. Wadlife:
medilUn to fast growd'I rate. height
40'060', a~
not over plant
d1ickadef:;,
mbirl,
dJipmunk.
deer
light partial to fun sun
Moisture: wet to well-drained
(tolera~
flooding}
-
Unique peeling r~
bark.
medium to fust growth rate. height
30'-50"
food: frujr. sap, buds. wddfife: ducks,
ntrthatdleS, dtiOOdees, finches, fox
sparrow. rabbit
U~t: partial SUn
Moisture: wet ro ~ne-d
Slender with \argt! crown, slow tc
medium groWth Qte, height 60'-80'
Food: nuts. sap, foliage. Wildlife::
woodpedcets,
blue jay, nutha.tdles,
warblel5,
Hadbeny
Ce1tis
occidenra/is
Persimmon
Oiospyros
vilginiana
Beech
Fagus
grandifolia
Wbitr:Ash
Fraxinus
ameriQna
Ftaxinus
pennsyfvaniCl
~
Black walnut
lugJ:ms nigra
~
Gum
Uquidambar
\CY1>
styradfl(Ja
cardinal,
findles,
COIrdnal, dlipmunk
light partial to full SUn
Moisture= wet to we~ned
Adapted to a wide ~nge of ccnditions. medium tD fast grOw1h ~te,
height 40'-W
food: fnJir. twigs. Wildlife: mourning
dO'"'e, quail. bluebird, catbIrd,
thrushffi, Spanows, squi~l, deer
Ligf'lt: fun sun
Moisture: wet to weIJ.drained
Dioed~.
orcmge fruit used for
jellies, medium to slow growti'l rater
height 35'-60'
Food: fruil ~fe:
woodped:ers.
mod:ingbird. robin, cedar ~ng,
bluebird, opossum. skunk. fox, deer
tight: partial to full sun (prefe15
PaI1i3I when young)
MoisUJre; moist tg welkjrained
Beautiful smooth Sil1Iet'Y-white
bark,
excellent shade nee, slow growth
rate" height 50'-100
Food:.nuts, sap, buds. Wildlife: wood
dud-. quail, wood~,
blue jay,
~
Ii~
dtidcadees,nuti\a~
ught: partial to fun sun
MoisUJre; moist to wei~rained
Yellow to dark maroon faD cokJr,
medium ~
rate. height 50'-80'
Food: seeds, foliage. Wildlife: firK:hes,
grcs~,
wood dud. red-winged
bladcbird, squirTeL deef"
tight partial to fun sun
MoisnJre: wet to weJI-drair1ed
yellow fan color, fast growth rate.
height 50'--60'
Food: seeds, foliage. mdlife: findle5,
grosbeaks. wood dudc, red-winged
bladbird, squirrel deer
ught full sun
MoisnJre: moist to wel~ined
{best growth in rid1 moist soil)
Highly prized wood. edjble nutS.
medium growth rate. height SO'p7S'
Light:
Adapted to a wide (dnge of cond"ttions. yei!~
fall color, medium
to fast growth (d~ heig/1t 60'-80"
paniaI
Moistt1re;
wet
ro full sun
to weU-dtained
Food: nuts. Wildrrfe:
woodpeckers.
~id:adees.
bllJe jay. warblers.
Carolina wren, squirrel
junco,
Food: seeds.Wddlif~ mourning
dove. c3n)lina wren, finches,junco,
bea~, squinel, rnipmunk
Tulip
Poplar
UIiodendron
tulipifera
Bladl:.Cum
Nyssa
sy/varica
Sourwood
~
Graceful, iaIBe yellow flower, golden
yellow fuU CDlor, fast growth rate.
height 70'-120' or more
d1ickadees.woodpedcet$.coudinal
findJes, hmnmingbini
honeybees
Light: partiaJ to fuU sun
Moi5n1re: wet to well-drained
Beautiful, shiny ween 1e4Ve5,bright
red faU color. blui:ih berries, slow
growth rate. height 30'-60"
1hn.IS~,
kingbird,
Ught: shade to fuJI sun
.aIi>oI'eI.mI Moistu~
wd-drained
SycanJOre
Platanus
ocridentalis
Quen:ll5
falca.ti
Pin OB
QUeralS, palustJjs
Querr::IJS
Oak
phel/os
Fcod: benies, sap. WUdrIfe: thnJStIes.
orioles, tanagers, crows. ~,
w(X)cjped:e1S, deer. squine, rabbit
Majestic. igh~ scaly bGIk. variable faD
color, slow to mecGwn groWth rdte.
height 50'-90'
Food: acnms are a very impor1&lnt
food source. Wddfife: quail, wrlcey.
moist
tD wen-d~ned
grouse. duds, -.blfJe
jay, brown thrasher. towhee.
Ughi: partial to fun SUn
Moisture: wet to ~ned
Good ~
for wet sites. slow to
medium growth rate. height 60'.70'
I.jght: fun sun
Moisture: moN to well..drdined
Scarlet red tIll color. medium growth
rate. height 40".60'
LJght:fuIJsun
Moisture:
moist
large crown and limbs. good shade
tree. variable fan color, medium to
sfow growth rate. heirJ1t 70'-80"
sameasWhiteO3k
light: full ~n
Moisture= wet to rnoisT-
Small bt3n~,
bronze or red fan
color, medium gn:r.'t'd..rate. height
60'-30'
same as White Oak
UghtfuUslJn
Moisture:
wet to wen-dr-ained
Adapted to a romge of conditjons.
5111311
WI"Uaw.fike ~.
skJw to
same as White Oak
to weIkjrajned
medium
4
squiReI
Adaptdble to a range of .Q]nditions.
white ~.
bla<x benies. valuable
rimber, fast growth rate, height 40'-60"
~
-
fun SW1
.
Willow
ducj(.
Light:
nUthatdl.
raa;(X]n,
same
~nei.
gopher,
as White
d1ipmunl-.
opossum. deer
Oak
!f
.
SouthemRedOak
wood
f1:)Od: seeds. Wiki&fe: finches, sqtJifreJ. I
Also provides nest1ng: avitiesI
ught:: partial to fu!I sun
Moistu~
well..drained
ax:dnea
Wildrlfe:
-~
cedar waxwing.
Unique white and brt:>wn peeling
~
fast growth rate, among the
t:JJtestof native ~,
height 75'-100'
White Oak
Quer= alba
Quen::us
~es.
w~
ught
partial to CuD sun
Moisture:
wet to ~ned
MoisnIre;
SQrletOak
~
sap, nedar.
Food: twigs. Wildlife: deE?S'
B1ackC1eny
Prunus seroCina
SwampOak
Quen:usbicotor
Food: ~
pyramidal sf1ape with drooping
brand1es, white ~
brlirla:itt
S<2rfet faD O]lor. sJow groWth rate.
height 25'-35'
-
-.
I
~
Ught: partial tD fun sun
McisbJre: moist to welJ..drained
growth
rote. height
70'-SO'
~Oak
Quen:us
Red
prin
us
Oak
QUetciJS
rubra
BlaaOak
Quera.rs
velutina
Light:partialto fun sun
MoistuJe:weBodrajned
Leaves similar to Amerian
Q,estrJut.
orange.yeUow
faD color. slow CO
medium growth rate, height 60'-70'
same as White Oak
light: fun SW1
Moisture: well-drajned
Used eX1ensiIIeIy for ~ing,
exceDentred fan color, medium to
fast growth rate. height 60'-75'
same as White Oak
light:
SimIlar and often hybrlClZffi with Red
Oak. meQum to fast growth rate.
hei~t SO'-6O'
same as White Oak
Dense light green foliage, exc:efJe.rlt
streambank
stabilizef" .fast growth
rate. height 40'-80'
Food: buds, rw;gs,fortage-WilcBifegrouse, be.aYet,deer
Dark green leaves of dvee
Food: fruit. Wildlife; quail. catbild.
fiyca~,
mockingbird, pile.ated
woodpedl;e(
MoisUJ(e;
fuB
sun
weU-d1ai
ned
alack Willow
SaJixnig:ra
light: partial to full sun
Moisture: flooded to moist
~
Light: partial fD fun sun
MoisnJ~ moist to well-drained
Sassafras
a!bidum
8aldCypress
Ta:mdium
alstid1um
shapes, medium
30'-60'
growth
olfferent
rate. height
Ught: panial to fuU sun
Moisture: flooded to wet
Tall gra(E{u1 tree with feathery light
g~.n foliage, deciduous Q)nifer I
medium growth rate. height 50'.70'
Food: seem, f0/iage. Wild rIfe: duOO,
marsh birds
light: shade to fun Sun
Moisture: wet to well.drained
~ite
flOWel5 in early spring. bloom5
during shad nm. edible benies in
June. A arl>orea smaU tree,
A anadensis more sh~
medium growth rate. height 15'-30'
Food: berri~, twigs. Wildlifec.
thnJshes; bro'M1 thrasher. catbird,
--orioles,
lanag~, robin,
junco, cardinal, beaver, squirreL deer"
Light: shade to fun sun
Moisture: wet tc moist
large leaves. unique ~,
edible
fruit with ~
taste. medium
growth rate. height 6'-20"
Food~ fruit. Wildlife: s~1
Light: shade to partial sun
Moisture: wet tD mo~
Unique fluted gray baJk. slow growth
rate, height 20'-40'
Food: seeds, buds. Wildfjfe: wood
duck, qua.il, beaver, squirrel, deer
~1..:~;~..
G
,
Ju~,
Sha~
Ser\iceberry
~ier
aJDo~
AC1nadensi:s
pawpaw
Asimil1a
ttiloba
Hombe:am. lionwood,
MusdewoOO
~inus carolinia.na
mammals
~v~~
fringetree
alicnanthusvirginialS
~ns
Do;wood
Comus
florida
Swerlhay
Magnolia
Magnolia
Ho~
virgjni;ma
virginiana
Cnlnnl(Jn ~edlef'fY
Prunus virginjana
light: shade to fun sun
Mo;sttIre: wer to wen.drained
Beautiful ~te
iJowers, fragran~ blue
fan benies, $IDw ~
rate.. height
8'-20'
f1X}d: benies. Wildlife: rabbit. deer
Ught: shade to panjal sun
Moisture: wen.drdined
l.aIge white flowas symbofizing
spring in the Eastem woodlands. red
baTie5., sk7N 11)medium gtowth rate.
height 1S".30'
Food:
Light p~r1jai to full sun
MoiStw-e: wet to we:U-drained
Almost ~
waxy fcflage. laJEe
white flowers, red berries, med"1Uffito
fast; growth rate, height 15"--40'
Fcod:
Light: ~rtiaJ to full sun
MoiStw"e: moist tD weII-drained
G(3cefuI, drooping brand1e5. slow
growth fate, height 20'-40'
duck.
quai!, rabbit.
Hardy,
Fo~
berries. buds, foliage. Wi1dIife:
ught: partidJ tD full sun
MoiSture; moist to ~rained
white
6oweIS.
purple
yeOow faD color. mediwn
rate. height 1S'.30'
bellies.
gJO\Vth
~'1;J:4~~'
Smootl1AIderA/nus
sem1fala
Devn.. Wallcing Stid.:.
HeraaI4=sCub
ArarJGspinosa
TaB with
arbutifolia
glad C1tokebeny
Amnia me/:ar)ocaJpa
Ught: partiaJ to fuU sun
MoisttJre: moist to ~rained
talge thoms. large whim flower
dusters, red benies in fall. slow to
medium gn:JWth late:. height 8'-15'
Ught: shade to fun sun
Moisture; wet to moist
Light: partial to fuU sun
Moisture: flooded to wet
BuUollbush
Cephalimrhus
mulrlple
trunks,
flowers. good stteambank
height 10'-20"
Ugt"lt partial to full sun
Mois:nJre= wet to well-drained
R.edd1okeberry
Amnia
light: partial m full sun
Moisture: we!
small white
stabiTrzer.
benie5.
b
twigs. W~
waxwing
squirrel,. r3bbit
seeds, bNigs. WiIdUfe; red-eyed
vireo, -.towhee.
deet'
squirrel,
Food: nuts, buds. y.JjIdIifu: wood
deer, squjftcl
quai.biuebirrl,catbird.~
thrasher".Wt>odpedcelS, rOIbbir.squirrel
~
seeds. buds. Wildlife: du~,
quaJ1, finches,. mouming dove, deer
FtXJd: berries,
nectar. WBdUfe:: robin,
woodpeckers,
otbird.
sparrows,
d1ipmunk.butteriries
SmaU white flowers. bright red fruit.
more nuit in full sun. slow gmwtb
J3.te.height 6'.10"
food:
benies.
More adaptffi to wetter areas than
red d1okeberry , darlc purple benies.
slow gn:Iwrh rate. height 3'.5'
Fuod: bemesl buds.. Wildlife: ~use,
dlickadees,
c.f.:daf W3XWing.. meadow~
Unusual round white flowers JuneJuly, medium yowth rate, height. 3'-6'
Food: seeds, ne::1ar. Wikmfe:
hununingbi~,
ducks, ral1s. beaVef" ,
dUOOdees.
buds. Wildlife:
cedar ~g,
grouse,
:
meadDW;
Ialk.squin"el
Iarlc.squin'el
butterflies.
occident3Jis
foii~
qu3l1, -cedar
vireos, ~mai,
v'
-
othel" insecs
.p.
--\
~
"
1.'1..-1~,
,
;~
c
, -/I
.).'./ .",'
~
/
""' '. -. \. ' ""
~
/
\
:.
~
.
---~--
,j ~ '"
Buttonbush
Cephalanthus
6
L
-.,--::-.
Aowaing
Comus
-,
,;
ocr:identalis
.
Dogwood
florida
(
HighbU$h Bladcberry
Rubus ;ugutus
~
~
~
8
White
Pinus
10
Pine
strobus
Sweet
flag
Aaml$
~us
Swamp
Milkweed
.I\sdepiiiS
iocama.ta
NewEndandAst8'
AsfeJ
novae-ang/ia.e
Tussod Sedge
~5lricfa
Boneset
&.lp;;Italium
petfoiianJm
LIght: partial to full sun
Moisture: flooded O'.os
Salinity; fresh to 1Oppt
Upright flat leaf blade. yel1ow-brown
flower. spreads moderately , height
1'-4'
Food:
Ught: partial to fun sun
Moisture: wet to m()ist
Salinity: fresh
Pink fk>wet
2'-4'
Food: nec&Ir .WiIdUfe: butterflies,
other insects; Monardl butterfly host
plant
Light: partial to fuU sun
Moisture:
wet to moist
Salinity: fl-esh
Lavender/blue flowers Aug.-Od...
i'eght 3'-5'
tight: fun sun
Moistwe: flooded O'.0.S'
Salinity; fl-esh
Crows in dumps or b!SSocks,
grCISSlike.soft weeping leaves.
spreads moderately, height 1'-3'
Food: seeds, leaves. Wild rIfe: tree
and field 5pam)WS, find1es. deer
Light;
White
flower
height
3'-5'
Food: nectar .Wildlife: butterflie5,
orJ'l« insects
partial
MoistlIIe:
Salinity:
Joe ~
Weed
£upafDlium
E;upalorjum
~
8=
HibisaJS
Light
purpureum
dubium
to fuD sun
wet
to moist
partjal
to fuU 5Un
III moist;
Ught: partial to full sun
mosdteutos
~
Moisture:
flooded
:Saii"""ru;~~s;;;
"
Jufy-Aug.,
dusters
height
July-Au~
Food:
nectar.
other
insects
Wildrrfe:
Wildlife;
dud;.!;,
muskrat
bUtterlfleS,
fresh
Moisture:
wet
Salinity: fresh
HibisalS
d~ters
roots.
0.-3.
laIge purple/white flower dustel::s
July-Aug..height 5'-10'
Food: nedar. Wildlife: bvttetffies,
othef' insectS
Denser shnlb (ike. large showy pink
or white flowers, spreads slowly,
Food: nectar. Wildlife: hummingbird
height
3'-7
YeDow Water Iris
Iris ~udacorus
Ught: fun sun to produce flower
Moistu~
ikx>ded o.~s
sannity: flesh
Long fiat leave blades, yellow
flowers, Spre3ds slowly, height 1'.2'
Food: neaar. shoots.- Wildlife:
nULS1:rar.butterflies, other insects
Blue Watet' Iris,
Blue&g
Iris vetSiCOJor
ught fuU SUn to produa: flower
~
flooded O'.{J5'
Salinity: ~
Long flat leave blades, showy blue
flowers, spreads slowly, height 1'~2'
Fuod: nectar, shoots-Wlldflfe;
mus!qoaf.butterflies, other insects
Soft Rush
JUnaJS effr5us
Light full SUn
Mo~
wet
Safinity: fresh
Uptight round stems. grows in
dumps, spreads slowly. height 2'-3'
~;
Joe
Pye
E-upa-torium
roots. Wildlife: maJSl1biITJs
Weed
---
purpureum
E. dubium
~
~
0
i/
1
..~
'\.
.Aster
New
EnI:81~."ol Aster
no~e-angllae
v
~
!"
11
Dudc f'oClto
Sagjt1;llialatifolia
12
Light: fuB SID1
Spaltina
MDisnBe
wet to moist
Salinity: brackish to 35ppt
pa1enS
Dominant plant in the higher salt
~
zone. soft hay-ike ~
spreads moderately, height 1'-3'
Food: seeds. roo~ WiJdfife:bL1dc
dud.-. Canada goose. snow goose.
r311s.
seaside and sharp..tailed
spanUW:i,muskrat
New york Irunweed
Vemonia
-
Light; fun sun
~
~
to moist
Salinity: fresh
Large deep-purple flower duster AugSept., teght 5'-8'
Food: nedac. ~
omer insects
WiJdRn
~
aqcsatil:a
Light: fun sun
Moc.ture: flooded 0'-3'
Sarlnity: ~
T aD, sler\clef' , grasslike.
Food:: seeds. WIldlife:
bladdJirm,span'OWS,
WildColumbia
canadensis
Ugtlt: fufI sun
Moisttlre:welJ-dfGinedto
syriaa
Aquilegja
Ca~~
Asrlepias
BAsdepias(IJbemsa
CreatAsfH
food,
height
prized
6'-10"
ducks, rails,
bobolink
Unusu3l scarlet/yellow DJbular
flowers Mard1-May, hejght 1'.2'
Food: nectar. Wiktlife: humming..
birds, butterilies. od\er insetts
Ught: full sun
MoisWre: weU-drained to dry
Pinkish flower dusters June-July.
unique seed pod. height 2'-5'
Food: ne(1al".Wildrsfu: buttaflies
(Monard1 host plant}, other insects
Ljght:fullsun
Bri1liant orange flowers Jun~ufy,
height 1'-2'
(Monardl
Purple/violet flowers SepL-NOV..
height 2'-5'
Ft)Oti: nec:J;Jr, seeds, leaves. Wildflfe:
buttetflies.
other insedS, limited use
M~
wei~
Ught:
~
~grandiflorus
gOUlmet
hutterffies,
dry
to dry
paniaI to full 5Uf1
wet to moist
Food: nectar.
Wildlrfe:
host plant).
butterflies
other- inseds
by birds and srnaU mammals
..~-oL~
~
Ia.evis
New
.
England
Aster
A5tErnavaeoan1giae
ShawyAster"
Aster
Sped;ab,~
Wild
Blue
Baptisia
Indigo
austraf!S
light; partial to full suI:'
Moisture:rIK}iSt
Purplefviole. floWelS .Sept.-Nov ..
height 2'~S.
Food: nea'lr, seeds, leaves. Wildlife:
butterflies, othel" insedS, limited use
by birds and small ~
Ught
Purple/violet flowers Sept.-Nov.,
height 2'~S'
Food: neCf;!r, seeds, leaves. Wddlifu:
butterflies, other- insects, limited use
by birds and small mammals
light: parbal to fuU SUn
Moisture: weIJ..drO!inedto dry
Purple/violet flowef1j Sepr.-Nov.,
heir)lt 2'-5'
food: nedal", seeds, leaves. Wildlife:
bunerlfies, other insects, nmited use
by birds and sma.lJmammals
Ught: full sun
MoisWre:: wenodr3:1nedto dry
Indigo/blue flcwef$ May-jUIle. height
3'.5'
Food: nectar. Wildlife.: butterflies.
other i nseas
p.artjaI to fuD sun
MoiSt1lre;
wet to moist
,
~
New York Ironweed
Vernonia noveboracensis
?Jr'"
13
~
\Ni1d ~nt
Monarda tistu/Q.'Wi
Maryland Goldenaster
Qrycpsis mari-;ina
-
~
14
Light paniaJ sun
Moisture: moist
'oM1itetlO~
Summer or Blue Phlox
Phlox divaricaCl
Light partial to fun sun
MoistUre: moist to dry
Pink fioWCfS Apnl-May, height .5'-1.5'
FaDPblox
Light paniai to fuU sun
Moisture:
wet to moist
Lavender 1lowers July.Sept.. height
2'.7'
Food: nectar. Wildfde: hummingbird,
bUtterfi"les. other inse<:IS
Ught: parti31 to fuD run
Moisture: moist to wei&.d~ned
Yellow flowers With dark c;enter June.
Aug:.. height 2'-3'
Food: nectar. Wddtife: bUttertrIes.
other i~
Light: partjaI to fun SUn
MoisnJre:
wet to moiSt
Greenish yellow flowers Ailg.-Oct.,
height 2'..S'
Food: necrar .Wildlife:
a ther InseCtS
ught: partial to fuU Sun
Moisture: moist to wcl~rained
Deep yellow flowers june-Qct., height
2'.5'
F1Jod: neclar. WlJdlife= butterflie5,
other ir1~
.
light:' partial to fun sun
Mol'e than 100 goldenrod species in
North America, wispy yellow flowers,
height 3'.5'
goldfirld1,
junco, 5pamJws,
1ties, ottler inseClS
PE!n$tenon
laevigaI11s
May.June. heigtlt 1'-2'
food:
nedar.
Wildrlfe:
butterflies.
otherinseas
P. digitillis
Phlox
paniallata
BIat:k-e,'ed
s~
Rudbt!c*iahina
Gn:en
Condiower
Rudbed7ia
landniata
1hree-Iobed
Coneflo\toer
Rudbeckia:
Food:
nedar
butterflies.
.Wildlife:
othel"
hummingbird,
insects
bUtterflies,
rn1oba
Rough Goldenrod
SoIidagorogosa
Food:
seeds, nectar-
Wildlife:
butter-
INV ASM
EXOTIC
PLANTS
Asiatic sound sedge (Carex frurf!Scens)
Spotted knapweed (CentauR!a maaJ/osa)
Canada thistJe ( O1sium arvense )
BIJU thistfe (Cirsium vu/gare)
Crown vetdl (Corcnilla varia)
O1lnese yam (Dioscarea baratas)
OJinese lespedeza (Lespedeza OJneara)
The foUowing is a partial list of ~c
plantS known to be
invasive in pans of the Mid-AtJantic region.. None of the
following should be planted. We recommetld consulting an
~ert about removing any of tl1e following from your sire.
Trees
Purple [oos~
(LydJrum sa1iC2ria)
Eularla (Microstegium
vimineum)
AneiJimia (M urdannia keisak )
BeafsteaIc plant (Peril/a frutescens)
Common reed (Phragmjte!i aUstrafl5)
Jap3X1ese knotweed (Polygonum azspidalUm)
Johfl5On grass (Sorgum ha.lepense)
Norway maple (Acer pla.tanoides)
Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima )
RJJSsianolive (EJamgnus angustifolia)
AI.Itumn alive (Baeagnus umbella~)
White mulbeny (Morus alba)
Empress tree (Paulownia. tomentosa)
SWeet dlerry (Pnznus avium)
White cottonwood (PDpufus alba)
BJBUOGRAPHY
japanese balbefrt (Berberis rhunbefgJ"i)
Winged euonymus (f.uonymus alallls)
Privet (L.igustnnn obtuSifolium)
Bush honeysuckles (Lonj~
spp.)
Common buckthorn (RhamnLtS ~thanica)
European budcthom (Rhamnus flangula)
Muhifior;1 rose (Rosa.multiflora)
Japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica)
Garlic
Brown. Melvin L, Brown, Russell Go Woody PJan[S"
of Matyland. Port City Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 1984.
Dennis. John v. The Wildfife Gardener. Afphred A. Knopf.
New York. 1985.
Dirr, Mid'l3eJ A Manual of Woody Landscape PJantS-Stipes
Publishing COwrOIampaign, Illinois. , 977
Giant
reed
Jrvine NaturaJ Science Center. Nalive Plan~ to AJJJa.c:t
Birds.
Irvine Natural Science Center, Stevenson. Maryland.
M3rtin, Alexander CorZim, Herbert S.. Nelson, Arnold L
American WIldlife and Plants, A Guide to Wildlife Food
Habi~ Dover Publications, Inc.,. New York. New York. 1951.
Rittenhouse Wilbur. Sd'100/yald Habitat Workshop Notebook. U.s. Fish and WIldlife. Annapol5, Maryland. 1993.
Stupka. Arthur. 1Nildflowers- in Color. Harper and Row, New
York. 1982.
Plants
mustard
(Akebia
(Al/ia.ria
(Arundo
Thunhol:$t,. Gwendolyn A We:t/and Planting Guide for the
Northeastern United States. Environmenr.:JJCon(:em Inc 1993-
quinara)
petio1a.~)
donax)
O
16
REfERENCES
Brown, Melvin L, Br-Own, R~sell G. Herbaceous Plants of
Malytand. POrt GtY Pressr Balrimo~ MaIYiand 1984.
Vines
Pon:elair'l berry (Arripelopsis brE!\lipedunCJ/ata)
OrientaJ bittersweet (Ce/a.5l1USorbiaJJala.) ,
Oimbing euonymus (Euonymus fortuneJ)
English i\iy (Hedera herrx)
Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicern japoni,",,"J
M%lea minute viQe (Polygonum perfoJianzm)
Kudzu {Ptreraria lobaG)
Periwinkle (Vm~ minor)
Japanese wisteria (WfSteria floribunda)
Five leaf Akebia
AND
Birr Rjdlard E Growing and Propagarfng Showy Native
Woody PIanG. University of NortJ1 Carolina Press. 01ape{
Hill, North Carolina. 1992..
Shmbs
Herbaceous
("
Re(;yded
paper