The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List

Transcription

The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List
Scott Pakin <pakin@uiuc.edu>∗
8 October 2002
Abstract
This document lists 2590 symbols and the corresponding LATEX commands that produce them. Some
of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2ε system; others require fonts and packages
that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed. All of the fonts
and packages used to prepare this document—as well as this document itself—are freely available from the
Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org).
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Document Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Frequently Requested Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Body-text symbols
Table 1: LATEX 2ε Escapable “Special” Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 2: LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
Table 3: Predefined LATEX 2ε Text-Mode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) . . . . . . . . . .
Table 5: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 6: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 7: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 8: wasysym Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 9: tipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 10: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 11: Text-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 12: tipa Text-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 13: wsuipa Text-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 14: wsuipa Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 15: textcomp Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 16: textcomp Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 17: marvosym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 18: wasysym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 19: eurosym Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 20: textcomp Legal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 21: textcomp Old-Style Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 22: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 23: Miscellaneous wasysym Text-Mode Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 24: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode .
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∗ The original version of this document was written by David Carlisle, with several additional tables provided by Alexander
Holt. See Section 7.5 on page 54 for more information about who did what.
1
3 Mathematical symbols
Table 25: Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 26: AMS Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 27: stmaryrd Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 28: wasysym Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 29: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators . . . . . . . .
Table 30: mathabx Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 31: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . .
Table 32: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators . . . . .
Table 33: Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . .
Table 34: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . .
Table 35: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators . . . .
Table 36: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators . . . .
Table 37: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators . . . .
Table 38: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators
Table 39: esint Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . .
Table 40: Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 41: AMS Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 42: AMS Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . .
Table 43: stmaryrd Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 44: wasysym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 45: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations . . . . . . . .
Table 46: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations . . .
Table 47: mathabx Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 48: mathabx Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . .
Table 49: Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . .
Table 50: AMS Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . .
Table 51: stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations . . . .
Table 52: wasysym Subset and Superset Relations . . . .
Table 53: txfonts/pxfonts Subset and Superset Relations
Table 54: mathabx Subset and Superset Relations . . . .
Table 55: Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 56: AMS Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 57: wasysym Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 58: txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 59: mathabx Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 60: AMS Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 61: stmaryrd Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 62: mathabx Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 63: Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 64: Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 65: textcomp Text-Mode Arrows . . . . . . . . . .
Table 66: AMS Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 67: AMS Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 68: AMS Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 69: stmaryrd Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 70: txfonts/pxfonts Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 71: mathabx Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 72: mathabx Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 73: mathabx Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 74: ulsy Contradiction Symbols . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 75: Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 76: stmaryrd Extension Characters . . . . . . . . .
Table 77: txfonts/pxfonts Extension Characters . . . . .
Table 78: mathabx Extension Characters . . . . . . . . .
Table 79: Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 80: AMS Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Table
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81:
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118:
Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AMS Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . .
txfonts/pxfonts Variant Latin Letters . . . . . . .
AMS Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AMS Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
txfonts/pxfonts Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . .
mathabx Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . .
AMS Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
stmaryrd Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mathabx Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Large, Variable-Sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . .
Variable-Sized stmaryrd Delimiters . . . . . . . . .
mathabx Variable-Sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . .
textcomp Text-Mode Delimiters . . . . . . . . . .
Math-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AMS Math-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . .
yhmath Math-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
yhmath Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AMS Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mathabx Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . .
esvect Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AMS Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
yhmath Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous LATEX 2ε Symbols . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous AMS Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous wasysym Symbols . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Symbols . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous mathabx Symbols . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous textcomp Text-Mode Math Symbols
mathcomp Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mathabx Mayan Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
marvosym Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Math Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
33
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
35
4 Science and technology symbols
Table 119: wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols . . . . . . . .
Table 120: ifsym Pulse Diagram Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 121: ar Aspect Ratio Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 122: textcomp Text-Mode Science and Engineering Symbols
Table 123: wasysym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 124: marvosym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 125: mathabx Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 126: wasysym Astrological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 127: marvosym Astrological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 128: mathabx Astrological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 129: wasysym APL Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 130: wasysym APL Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 131: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols . . . . . . . . .
Table 132: ascii Control Characters (IBM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 133: marvosym Communication Symbols . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 134: marvosym Engineering Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 135: wasysym Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 136: marvosym Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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36
36
36
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
38
38
38
38
38
3
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Table 137: marvosym Safety-Related Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Dingbats
Table 138:
Table 139:
Table 140:
Table 141:
Table 142:
Table 143:
Table 144:
Table 145:
Table 146:
Table 147:
Table 148:
Table 149:
Table 150:
Table 151:
Table 152:
Table 153:
Table 154:
Table 155:
Table 156:
Table 157:
Table 158:
Table 159:
Table 160:
Table 161:
Table 162:
Table 163:
Table 164:
Table 165:
Table 166:
Table 167:
Table 168:
bbding Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pifont Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
marvosym Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bbding Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pifont Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dingbat Pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bbding Pencils and Nibs . . . . . . . . . . .
pifont Pencils and Nibs . . . . . . . . . . .
dingbat Hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bbding Hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pifont Hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bbding Crosses and Plusses . . . . . . . . .
pifont Crosses and Plusses . . . . . . . . .
bbding Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . .
pifont Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . .
wasysym Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . .
pifont Circled Numbers . . . . . . . . . . .
wasysym Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bbding Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes
pifont Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes .
wasysym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . .
ifsym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . .
bbding Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . .
pifont Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . .
manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols . . . . .
skull Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-Mathematical mathabx Symbols . . .
marvosym Information Symbols . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous dingbat Dingbats . . . . . .
Miscellaneous bbding Dingbats . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous pifont Dingbats . . . . . . .
38
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39
39
39
39
39
39
39
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
41
41
41
41
42
42
42
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
44
44
6 Other symbols
Table 169: textcomp Genealogical Symbols
Table 170: wasysym General Symbols . . . .
Table 171: wasysym Musical Notes . . . . .
Table 172: wasysym Circles . . . . . . . . .
Table 173: Miscellaneous manfnt Symbols .
Table 174: marvosym Navigation Symbols .
Table 175: marvosym Laundry Symbols . .
Table 176: Other marvosym Symbols . . . .
Table 177: ifsym Weather Symbols . . . . .
Table 178: ifsym Alpine Symbols . . . . . .
Table 179: ifsym Clocks . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 180: Other ifsym Symbols . . . . . .
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45
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
47
47
47
7 Additional Information
7.1 Symbol Name Clashes . . . . . . .
7.2 Where can I find the symbol for . . .
7.3 Math-mode spacing . . . . . . . . .
7.4 ASCII and Latin 1 quick reference
7.5 About this document . . . . . . . .
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48
48
48
52
53
54
. .
?.
. .
. .
. .
References
57
4
Index
58
5
1
Introduction
Welcome to the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List! This document strives to be your primary source of LATEX
symbol information: font samples, LATEX commands, packages, usage details, caveats—everything needed to
put thousands of different symbols at your disposal. All of the fonts covered herein meet the following criteria:
1. They are freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org).
2. All of their symbols have LATEX 2ε bindings. That is, a user should be able to access a symbol by name,
not just by \charhnumber i.
These are not particularly limiting criteria; the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List contains samples of 2590
symbols—quite a large number. Some of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2ε system;
others require fonts and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to
be installed. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages+wherefiles for help
with installing new fonts and packages.
1.1
Document Usage
Each section of this document contains a number of font tables. Each table shows a set of symbols, with the
corresponding LATEX command to the right of each symbol. A table’s caption indicates what package needs to
be loaded in order to access that table’s symbols. For example, the symbols in Table 21, “textcomp Old-Style
Numerals”, are made available by putting “\usepackage{textcomp}” in your document’s preamble. “AMS”
means to use the AMS packages, viz. amssymb and/or amsmath. Notes below a table provide additional
information about some or all the symbols in that table.
One note that appears a few times in this document, particularly in Section 2, indicates that certain
symbols do not exist in the OT1 font encoding (Donald Knuth’s original, 7-bit font encoding, which is the
default font encoding for LATEX) and that you should use fontenc to select a different encoding, such as T1
(a common 8-bit font encoding). That means that you should put “\usepackage[hencodingi]{fontenc}” in
your document’s preamble, where hencodingi is, e.g., T1 or LY1. To limit the change in font encoding to the
current group, use “\fontencoding{hencodingi}\selectfont”.
Section 7 contains some additional information about the symbols in this document. It shows which symbol
names are not unique across packages, gives examples of how to create new symbols out of existing symbols,
explains how symbols are spaced in math mode, presents a LATEX ASCII and Latin 1 tables, and provides
some information about this document itself. The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List ends with an index of
all the symbols in the document and various additional useful terms.
1.2
Frequently Requested Symbols
There are a number of symbols that are requested over and over again on comp.text.tex. If you’re looking
for such a symbol the following list will help you find it quickly.
..
.
°,
as in “180°” or “15”
, as in “Spaces are significant.”
........
7
ı́, ı̀, ı̄, ı̂, etc. (versus í, ì, ī, and î)
........
10
¢
...............................
12
e
L, F, etc.
..............................
13
N, Z, R, etc.
©, ®,

......................
13
..............................
14
..............................
19
∴
...............................
20

and
B and F
.........................
..............................
..............
34
........................
35
......................
35
´ā, `ê, etc. (i.e., several accents per character)
R
−
...............................
< and > (instead of ¡ and ¿)
˜ (or ∼)
21
6
33
52
50
...........
53
..........................
53
2
Body-text symbols
This section lists symbols that are intended for use in running text, such as punctuation marks, accents,
ligatures, and currency symbols.
Table 1: LATEX 2ε Escapable “Special” Characters
$
%
\$
\%
}
\_
&
\}
\&
#
{
\#
\{
Table 2: LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
$
¶
§
\$
\P
\S
c
O
©

\_
\copyright
\dag
...
£
{
}
\ddag
\dots
\pounds
\{
\}
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε
provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes
available.
Table 3: Predefined LATEX 2ε Text-Mode Commands
ˆ
˜
*
\
|
{
}

c
O
<
\textasciicircum
\textasciitilde
\textasteriskcentered
\textbackslash
\textbar
\textbraceleft
\textbraceright
\textbullet
\textcopyright
\textdagger
\textdaggerdbl
\textdollar
\textellipsis
\textemdash
\textendash
\textexclamdown
\textgreater
©

$
...
—
–
¡
>
a
ª
o
º
¶
·
¿
“
”
‘
’
r
O
®
§
£
TM

\textless
\textordfeminine
\textordmasculine
\textparagraph
\textperiodcentered
\textquestiondown
\textquotedblleft
\textquotedblright
\textquoteleft
\textquoteright
\textregistered
\textsection
\textsterling
\texttrademark
\textunderscore
\textvisiblespace
available.
Table 4: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters)
å
Å
Æ
æ
∗
\aa
\AA
\AE
\ae
Ð
ð
Ð

\DH∗
\dh∗
\DJ∗
\dj∗
L
l

\L
\l
\NG∗
\ng∗
ø
Ø
Œ
œ
\o
\O
\OE
\oe
ß
SS
Þ
þ
\ss
\SS
\TH∗
\th∗
Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an
alternate font encoding, such as T1.
7
Ð

§
·

\B{D}
\B{d}
\B{H}
\B{h}
\B{t}
\B{T}
\m{b}
\m{B}
\m{C}
°

ð
Ð
¡

¢

£
Table 5: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages
¤

¦
À
à

©

\m{c}
\m{D}
\M{d}
\M{D}
\m{d}
\m{E}
\m{e}
\M{E}
\M{e}
¨

ª

±
¬

\m{f}
\m{F}
\m{G}
\m{g}
\m{I}
\m{i}
\m{J}
\m{j}
\m{K}
»

º

®

¯
¶
\m{k}
\m{N}
\m{n}
\m{o}
\m{O}
\m{P}
\m{p}
\m{s}
\m{S}
\M{t}
\M{T}
\m{t}
\m{T}
\m{u}∗
\m{U}∗
\m{Y}
\m{y}
\m{z}

Â
â
Å
å
\m{Z}
\T{E}
\T{e}
\T{O}
\T{o}
These characters all need the T4 font encoding, which is provided by the fc package.
∗
\m{v} and \m{V} are synonyms for \m{u} and \m{U}.
Table 6: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1
\guillemotleft
\guillemotright
\guilsinglleft
\guilsinglright
\quotedblbase
\quotesinglbase
"
\textquotedbl
To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding,
such as T1.
Table 7: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks
❛
❜
\ding{123}
\ding{124}
❝
❞
❡
❢
\ding{125}
\ding{126}
❣
\ding{161}
\ding{162}
\ding{163}
Table 8: wasysym Phonetic Symbols
D
Þ
\DH
\Thorn
k
U
\dh
\inve
l
þ
\openo
\thorn
Table 9: tipa Phonetic Symbols
È
b
c
d
é
g
Ü
1
\textbabygamma
\textbarb
\textbarc
\textbard
\textbardotlessj
\textbarg
\textbarglotstop
\textbari
P
;
»
#
á
ê
Á
â
\textglotstop
\texthalflength
\texthardsign
\texthooktop
\texthtb
\texthtbardotlessj
\texthtc
\texthtd
ï
ó
ù
ú
ü
$
À
à
\textrtailn
\textrtailr
\textrtails
\textrtailt
\textrtailz
\textrthook
\textsca
\textscb
(continued on next page)
8
(continued from previous page)
ª
8
Ý
0
ì
B
ò
X
Å
Ñ
Æ
Þ
^
¡
g
è
Û
¬
2
C
¢
¢ý
²
J
®
´
´C
¸
ý
dý
S
}
=
/
{

Ã
dz
E
S
R
¥
G

\textbarl
\textbaro
\textbarrevglotstop
\textbaru
\textbeltl
\textbeta
\textbullseye
\textceltpal
\textchi
\textcloseepsilon
\textcloseomega
\textcloserevepsilon
\textcommatailz
\textcorner
\textcrb
\textcrd
\textcrg
\textcrh
\textcrinvglotstop
\textcrlambda
\textcrtwo
\textctc
\textctd
\textctdctzlig
\textctesh
\textctj
\textctn
\textctt
\textcttctclig
\textctyogh
\textctz
\textdctzlig
\textdoublebaresh
\textdoublebarpipe
\textdoublebarslash
\textdoublepipe
\textdoublevertline
\textdownstep
\textdyoghlig
\textdzlig
\textepsilon
\textesh
\textfishhookr
\textg
\textgamma
\textglobfall
\textglobrise
ä
H
Ê
Î
Ò
Ó
£
É
Ö
ÿ
Û
K
Ì
«
:
³
¦
¶
Ô
½
M
ñ
ë
Ð
Í

°
_
O
%
F
|
"
¼
§
7
\
9
3
Q
¹
Ç
Ä
~
¾
ã
í
\texthtg
\texthth
\texththeng
\texthtk
\texthtp
\texthtq
\texthtrtaild
\texthtscg
\texthtt
\texthvlig
\textinvglotstop
\textinvscr
\textiota
\textlambda
\textlengthmark
\textlhookt
\textlhtlongi
\textlhtlongy
\textlonglegr
\textlptr
\textltailm
\textltailn
\textltilde
\textlyoghlig
\textObardotlessj
\textOlyoghlig
\textomega
\textopencorner
\textopeno
\textpalhook
\textphi
\textpipe
\textprimstress
\textraiseglotstop
\textraisevibyi
\textramshorns
\textrevapostrophe
\textreve
\textrevepsilon
\textrevglotstop
\textrevyogh
\textrhookrevepsilon
\textrhookschwa
\textrhoticity
\textrptr
\textrtaild
\textrtaill
¤
å
Ë
@
I
¨
Ï
ð
×
±
ö
A
g
V
Ú
Y

º
Â
tC
Ù
T
þ
¿
µ
5
¯
4
©
Õ
W
î
ô
õ
6
Ø
2
û
L
U

§
·
ß
Z
\textsce
\textscg
\textsch
\textschwa
\textsci
\textscj
\textscl
\textscn
\textscoelig
\textscomega
\textscr
\textscripta
\textscriptg
\textscriptv
\textscu
\textscy
\textsecstress
\textsoftsign
\textstretchc
\texttctclig
\textteshlig
\texttheta
\textthorn
\texttoneletterstem
\texttslig
\textturna
\textturncelig
\textturnh
\textturnk
\textturnlonglegr
\textturnm
\textturnmrleg
\textturnr
\textturnrrtail
\textturnscripta
\textturnt
\textturnv
\textturnw
\textturny
\textupsilon
\textupstep
\textvertline
\textvibyi
\textvibyy
\textwynn
\textyogh
tipa defines shortcut characters for many of the above. It also defines a command
\tone for denoting tone letters (pitches). See the tipa documentation for more
information.
9
Table 10: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols
!
'
.
<
A
+
X
T
;
R
?
#
3
N
a
^
(
e
\babygamma
\barb
\bard
\bari
\barl
\baro
\barp
\barsci
\barscu
\baru
\clickb
\clickc
\clickt
\closedniomega
\closedrevepsilon
\crossb
\crossd
\crossh
\crossnilambda
\curlyc
\curlyesh
\curlyyogh
\curlyz
\dlbari
\dz
\ejective
8
M
D
b
$
%
"
,
d
&
I
5
G
K
Z
\
\eng
\er
\esh
\eth
\flapr
\glotstop
\hookb
\hookd
\hookg
\hookh
\hookheng
\hookrevepsilon
\hv
\inva
\invf
\invglotstop
\invh
\invlegr
\invm
\invr
\invscr
\invscripta
\invv
\invw
\invy
\ipagamma
4
/
6
E
1
[
)
2
>
C
O
S
V
7
@
=
f
c
\labdentalnas
\latfric
\legm
\legr
\lz
\nialpha
\nibeta
\nichi
\niepsilon
\nigamma
\niiota
\nilambda
\niomega
\niphi
\nisigma
\nitheta
\niupsilon
\nj
\oo
\openo
\reve
\reveject
\revepsilon
\revglotstop
\scd
\scg
*
:
J
Y
W
]
U
H
0
9
F
L
P
_
Q
B
`
\schwa
\sci
\scn
\scr
\scripta
\scriptg
\scriptv
\scu
\scy
\slashb
\slashc
\slashd
\slashu
\taild
\tailinvr
\taill
\tailn
\tailr
\tails
\tailt
\tailz
\tesh
\thorn
\tildel
\yogh
Table 11: Text-Mode Accents
Ää
Áá
Ȧȧ
Āā
Ââ
\"{A}\"{a}
\’{A}\’{a}
\.{A}\.{a}
\={A}\={a}
\^{A}\^{a}
a
A
Àà
Aa
¯¯
A̧a̧
A
. a.
A a
A̋a̋
\‘{A}\‘{a}
\b{A}\b{a}
\c{A}\c{a}
\d{A}\d{a}
\G{A}\G{a}‡
\newtie{A}\newtie{a}∗
¡
Åå
a
A
A¼ ¼a
AO
a
O
\H{A}\H{a}
\k{A}\k{a}†
\r{A}\r{a}
\t{A}\t{a}
\U{A}\U{a}‡
Ăă
Ǎǎ
Ãã
\u{A}\u{a}
\v{A}\v{a}
\~{A}\~{a}
\textcircled{A}\textcircled{a}
∗
Requires the textcomp package.
†
Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an
alternate font encoding, such as T1.
‡
Requires the T4 font encoding, provided by the fc package.
Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless versions of “i” and “j”
(viz., “ı” and “”). These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the
dot. For example, “na\"{\i}ve” produces a correct “naı̈ve”, while “na\"{i}ve”
would yield the rather odd-looking “naïve”. (“na\"{i}ve” does work in encodings
other than OT1, however.)
10
Table 12: tipa Text-Mode Accents
a
A
a
A
A
a
A<
a
<
A
a

A
a
a
A
a
A
a
A
a
A
a
A
a
A
a
A
a
A
a
A
a
A
A
a
A
a
a
A
a
A
Aa
A
a
A
a
A
a
A
a
a
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
Aa
A
a
Aa
Aa
Aa
A
a
A
a
A
a
Aa
A
a
Aa
Aa
A
a
\textacutemacron{A}\textacutemacron{a}
\textacutewedge{A}\textacutewedge{a}
\textadvancing{A}\textadvancing{a}
\textbottomtiebar{A}\textbottomtiebar{a}
\textbrevemacron{A}\textbrevemacron{a}
\textcircumacute{A}\textcircumacute{a}
\textcircumdot{A}\textcircumdot{a}
\textdotacute{A}\textdotacute{a}
\textdotbreve{A}\textdotbreve{a}
\textdotbreve{A}\textdotbreve{a}
\textdoublegrave{A}\textdoublegrave{a}
\textdoublevbaraccent{A}\textdoublevbaraccent{a}
\textgravecircum{A}\textgravecircum{a}
\textgravedot{A}\textgravedot{a}
\textgravemacron{A}\textgravemacron{a}
\textgravemid{A}\textgravemid{a}
\textinvsubbridge{A}\textinvsubbridge{a}
\textlowering{A}\textlowering{a}
\textmidacute{A}\textmidacute{a}
\textovercross{A}\textovercross{a}
\textoverw{A}\textoverw{a}
\textpolhook{A}\textpolhook{a}
\textraising{A}\textraising{a}
\textretracting{A}\textretracting{a}
\textringmacron{A}\textringmacron{a}
\textroundcap{A}\textroundcap{a}
\textseagull{A}\textseagull{a}
\textsubacute{A}\textsubacute{a}
\textsubarch{A}\textsubarch{a}
\textsubbar{A}\textsubbar{a}
\textsubbridge{A}\textsubbridge{a}
\textsubcircum{A}\textsubcircum{a}
\textsubdot{A}\textsubdot{a}
\textsubgrave{A}\textsubgrave{a}
\textsublhalfring{A}\textsublhalfring{a}
\textsubplus{A}\textsubplus{a}
\textsubrhalfring{A}\textsubrhalfring{a}
\textsubring{A}\textsubring{a}
\textsubsquare{A}\textsubsquare{a}
\textsubtilde{A}\textsubtilde{a}
\textsubumlaut{A}\textsubumlaut{a}
\textsubw{A}\textsubw{a}
(continued on next page)
11
(continued from previous page)
Aa
A
a
&&
Aa
" a
"
A
>>
Aa
\textsubwedge{A}\textsubwedge{a}
\textsuperimposetilde{A}\textsuperimposetilde{a}
\textsyllabic{A}\textsyllabic{a}
\texttildedot{A}\texttildedot{a}
\texttoptiebar{A}\texttoptiebar{a}
\textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}
a
A
tipa defines shortcut sequences for many of the above. See the tipa documentation
for more information.
Table 13: wsuipa Text-Mode Accents
A
g ag
A
a
\dental{A}\dental{a}
\underarch{A}\underarch{a}
Table 14: wsuipa Diacritics
s
k
u
m
p
\ain
\corner
\downp
\downt
\halflength
v
n
q
{
z
\leftp
\leftt
\length
\midtilde
\open
x
~
w
o
i
\overring
\polishhook
\rightp
\rightt
\secstress
h
j
r
y
|
\stress
\syllabic
\underdots
\underring
\undertilde
}
t
l
\underwedge
\upp
\upt
The wsuipa package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.
However, it does provide \diatop and \diaunder commands, which are used to
compose diacritics with other characters. For example, \diatop[\overring|a]
produces “x
a ”, and \diaunder[\underdots|a] produces “r
a”. See the wsuipa documentation for more information.
Table 15: textcomp Diacritics

´

\textacutedbl
\textasciiacute
\textasciibreve

¨
`
\textasciicaron
\textasciidieresis
\textasciigrave
¯

~
\textasciimacron
\textgravedbl
\texttildelow
The textcomp package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.
Table 16: textcomp Currency Symbols

¢

¤
\textbaht
\textcent
\textcentoldstyle
\textcolonmonetary
\textcurrency
$

¿

\textdollar
\textdollaroldstyle
\textdong
\texteuro
\textflorin
12

£
\textguarani
\textlira
\textnaira
\textpeso
\textsterling

¥
\textwon
\textyen
Table 17: marvosym Currency Symbols
¢

\Denarius
\Ecommerce
e
d
D
c
\EUR
\EURcr
\EURdig
\EURhv
e
¦
\EURtm
\EyesDollar
£
¡
\Pfund
\Shilling
The different euro signs are meant to be compatible with different fonts—Courier
(\EURcr), Helvetica (\EURhv), Times (\EURtm), and the marvosym digits listed in
Table 117 (\EURdig).
Table 18: wasysym Currency Symbols
¢
\cent
¤
\currency
Table 19: eurosym Euro Signs
AC
\geneuro
BC
\geneuronarrow
CC
e
\geneurowide
\officialeuro
\euro is automatically mapped to one of the above—by default, \officialeuro—
based on a eurosym package option. See the eurosym documentation for more
information. The \geneuro. . . characters are generated from the current body
font’s “C” character and therefore may not appear exactly as shown.
Table 20: textcomp Legal Symbols

\textcircledP
\textcopyleft
«
c
O
©
r
O
®
\textcopyright
\textregistered

TM

\textservicemark
\texttrademark
available.
Table 21: textcomp Old-Style Numerals
0
1
2
3
\textzerooldstyle
\textoneoldstyle
\texttwooldstyle
\textthreeoldstyle
4
5
6
7
\textfouroldstyle
\textfiveoldstyle
\textsixoldstyle
\textsevenoldstyle
8
9
\texteightoldstyle
\textnineoldstyle
Rather than use the bulky \textoneoldstyle, \texttwooldstyle, etc. commands
shown above, consider using \oldstylenums{. . .} to typeset an old-style number.
13
Table 22: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols
*

O
¦

n

\textasteriskcentered
\textbardbl
\textbigcircle
\textblank
\textbrokenbar
\textbullet
\textdagger
\textdaggerdbl
\textdblhyphen
\textdblhyphenchar
\textdiscount
\textestimated
\textinterrobang
\textinterrobangdown
\textmusicalnote
\textnumero

a
ª
o
º
¶
·

'

¸
§
\textopenbullet
\textordfeminine
\textordmasculine
\textparagraph
\textperiodcentered
\textpertenthousand
\textperthousand
\textpilcrow
\textquotesingle
\textquotestraightbase
\textquotestraightdblbase
\textrecipe
\textreferencemark
\textsection
\textthreequartersemdash
\texttwelveudash
available.
Table 23: Miscellaneous wasysym Text-Mode Symbols
h
\permil
Table 24: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
X
\checkmark
r
\circledR
14
z
\maltese
3
Mathematical symbols
Most, but not all, of the symbols in this section are math-mode only. That is, they yield a “Missing $
inserted” error message if not used within $. . .$, \[. . .\], or another math-mode environment. Operators
marked as “variable-sized” are taller in displayed formulas, shorter in in-text formulas, and possibly shorter
still when used in various levels of superscripts or subscripts.
Alphanumeric symbols (e.g., “L ” and “”) are usually produced using one of the math alphabets in
Table 118 rather than with an explicit symbol command. Look there first if you need a symbol for a transform,
number set, or some other alphanumeric.
Although there have been many requests on comp.text.tex for a contradiction symbol, the ensuing
discussion invariably reveals innumerable ways to represent contradiction in a proof, including “” (\blitza),
“⇒⇐” (\Rightarrow\Leftarrow), “⊥” (\bot), “=” (\nleftrightarrow), and “¸” (\textreferencemark).
Because of the lack of notational consensus, it is probably better to spell out “Contradiction!” than to use a
symbol for this purpose. Similarly, discussions on comp.text.tex have revealed that there are a variety of
ways to indicate the mathematical notion of “is defined as”. Common candidates include “,” (\triangleq),
def
“≡” (\equiv), “B” (\coloneqq), and “ =” (\stackrel{\text{\tiny def}}{=}).
Table 25: Binary Operators
q
∗
5
4
•
∩
·
◦
∗
\amalg
\ast
\bigcirc
\bigtriangledown
\bigtriangleup
\bullet
\cap
\cdot
\circ
∪
†
‡
÷
C
∓
\cup
\dagger
\ddagger
\diamond
\div
\lhd∗
\mp
\odot
\ominus
⊕
⊗
±
B
\
u
t
?
\oplus
\oslash
\otimes
\pm
\rhd∗
\setminus
\sqcap
\sqcup
\star
×
/
.
E
D
]
∨
∧
o
\times
\triangleleft
\triangleright
\unlhd∗
\unrhd∗
\uplus
\vee
\wedge
\wr
Not predefined in LATEX 2ε . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb,
txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
Table 26: AMS Binary Operators
Z
e
~
\barwedge
\boxdot
\boxminus
\boxplus
\boxtimes
\Cap
\centerdot
\circledast
}

d
g
f
>
u
[
\circledcirc
\circleddash
\Cup
\curlyvee
\curlywedge
\divideontimes
\dotplus
\doublebarwedge
15
|
h
n
i
o
r
Y
\intercal
\leftthreetimes
\ltimes
\rightthreetimes
\rtimes
\smallsetminus
\veebar
Table 27: stmaryrd Binary Operators
N
O
i
k
j
l
.
/
'
&
)
#
(
\baro
\bbslash
\binampersand
\bindnasrepma
\boxast
\boxbar
\boxbox
\boxbslash
\boxcircle
\boxdot
\boxempty
\boxslash
\curlyveedownarrow
\curlyveeuparrow
\curlywedgedownarrow
\curlywedgeuparrow
\fatbslash
\fatsemi
\fatslash
9
2
!
`
:
@
;
=
<
>
?
3
8
,
\interleave
\leftslice
\merge
\minuso
\moo
\nplus
\obar
\oblong
\obslash
\ogreaterthan
\olessthan
\ovee
\owedge
\rightslice
\sslash
\talloblong
\varbigcirc
\varcurlyvee
\varcurlywedge
5
4
6
7
"
\varoast
\varobar
\varobslash
\varocircle
\varodot
\varogreaterthan
\varolessthan
\varominus
\varoplus
\varoslash
\varotimes
\varovee
\varowedge
\vartimes
\Ydown
\Yleft
\Yright
\Yup
Table 28: wasysym Binary Operators
C
\lhd
\LHD
#
B
\ocircle
\rhd
E
\RHD
\unlhd
D
\unrhd
Table 29: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators
V
W
U
\circledbar
\circledbslash
\circledvee
T
M
\circledwedge
\invamp
\medbullet
16
}
|
\medcirc
\sqcapplus
\sqcupplus
Table 30: mathabx Binary Operators
X
X
Y
O
\ast
\Asterisk
\barwedge
\bigstar
\bigvarstar
\blackdiamond
\cap
\circplus
\coasterisk
\coAsterisk
\convolution
\cup
\curlyvee
N
Z
\
]
\curlywedge
\divdot
\divideontimes
\dotdiv
\dotplus
\dottimes
\doublebarwedge
\doublecap
\doublecup
\ltimes
\pluscirc
\rtimes
\sqbullet
[
\
^
_
]
Z
_
Y
[
^
\sqcap
\sqcup
\sqdoublecap
\sqdoublecup
\square
\squplus
\udot
\uplus
\varstar
\vee
\veebar
\veedoublebar
\wedge
Many of the above glyphs go by multiple names. \centerdot is equivalent to
\sqbullet, and \ast is equivalent to *. \asterisk produces the same glyph as
\ast, but as an ordinary symbol, not a binary operator. Similarly, \bigast produces a large-operator version of the \Asterisk binary operator, and \bigcoast
produces a large-operator version of the \coAsterisk binary operator.
Table 31: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators

f
n
k
e
g
c
d
h
a
`
\odplus
Table 32: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators
\blacktriangledown
\blacktriangleleft
\blacktriangleright
\blacktriangleup
\boxasterisk
\boxbackslash
\boxbot
\boxcirc
\boxcoasterisk
\boxdiv
\boxdot
\boxleft
\boxminus
\boxplus
i
m
b
j
o
l
f
n
k
e
g
c
d
h
\boxright
\boxslash
\boxtimes
\boxtop
\boxtriangleup
\boxvoid
\oasterisk
\obackslash
\obot
\ocirc
\ocoasterisk
\odiv
\odot
\oleft
a
`
i
m
b
j
o
l

\ominus
\oplus
\oright
\oslash
\otimes
\otop
\otriangleup
\ovoid
\smalltriangledown
\smalltriangleleft
\smalltriangleright
\smalltriangleup
Table 33: Variable-sized Math Operators
T \
S [
JK
LM
\bigcap
\bigcup
\bigodot
\bigoplus
NO
F G
U ]
W _
\bigotimes
\bigsqcup
\biguplus
V ^
`a
R
H
\bigvee
17
Z
\bigwedge
\coprod
\int
I
\oint
Q Y
PX
\prod
\sum
Table 34: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators
' (
# $
\idotsint
\iiint
&
"
%
!
\iiiint
\iint
em
bj
ck
Table 35: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math
g o
\bigbox
\biginterleave
\bigcurlyvee
\bignplus
f n
\bigcurlywedge
\bigparallel
Operators
\bigsqcap
h
`
\bigtriangledown
ai
\bigtriangleup
Table 36: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators
$
#
uz
\iiint
\oiint
\varoint
"
!
r w
\iint
\varint
¬
¦
«
Öö
Þþ
Ûû
Õõ
×÷
Óó
Ôô
Øø
Ññ
Ðð
Ùù
Table 37: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators
\bigcurlyvee
\bigsqcap
\bigcurlywedge
\bigboxasterisk
\bigboxbackslash
\bigboxbot
\bigboxcirc
\bigboxcoasterisk
\bigboxdiv
\bigboxdot
\bigboxleft
\bigboxminus
\bigboxplus
\bigboxright
Ýý
Òò
Úú
ßÿ
Üü
¢
Ææ
Îî
Ëë
Åå
Çç
Ãã
Èè
Áá
\bigboxslash
\bigboxtimes
\bigboxtop
\bigboxtriangleup
\bigboxvoid
\bigcomplementop
\bigoasterisk
\bigobackslash
\bigobot
\bigocirc
\bigocoasterisk
\bigodiv
\bigoleft
\bigominus
18
Éé
Íí
Êê
Ïï
Ìì
¨
¡
½
µ
¼
´
»
³
¿
·
¾
¶
\bigoright
\bigoslash
\bigotop
\bigotriangleup
\bigovoid
\bigplus
\bigsquplus
\bigtimes
\iiint
\iint
\int
\oiint
\oint
Table 38: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators
\bigsqcapplus
\ointclockwise
\bigsqcupplus
\ointctrclockwise
?
S
>
R
\fint
\sqiiint
(
Q
'
P
\idotsint
\sqiint
&
%
\sqint
\iiiint
$
G
#
F
\iiint
\varoiiintclockwise
"
O
!
N
\iint
\varoiiintctrclockwise
M
C
L
B
\oiiintclockwise
\varoiintclockwise
E
K
D
J
\oiiintctrclockwise
\varoiintctrclockwise
*
.
)
\oiiint
\varointclockwise
I
,
H
+
\oiintclockwise
\varointctrclockwise
A
@
\varprod
\oiintctrclockwise
\oiint
% &
# $
Table 39: esint Variable-sized Math Operators
\dotsint
\fint
\iiiint
\iiint
\iint
\landdownint
\landupint
!
\oiint
19
"
\ointclockwise
\ointctrclockwise
\sqiint
\sqint
\varoiint
\varointclockwise
\varointctrclockwise
Table 40: Binary Relations
≈
./
a
∗
≡
_
Z
|
|=
k
\approx
\asymp
\bowtie
\cong
\dashv
\doteq
⊥
≺
∝
∼
'
\equiv
\frown
\Join∗
\mid
\models
\parallel
^
`
\perp
\prec
\preceq
\propto
\sim
\simeq
\smile
\succ
\succeq
\vdash
mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
Table 41: AMS Binary Relations
u

v
w
∵
G
m
l
$
2
3
+
\approxeq
\backepsilon
\backsim
\backsimeq
\because
\between
\Bumpeq
\bumpeq
\circeq
\curlyeqprec
\curlyeqsucc
\doteqdot
P
;
(
t
w
4
:
p
q
a
`
\eqcirc
\fallingdotseq
\multimap
\pitchfork
\precapprox
\preccurlyeq
\precsim
\risingdotseq
\shortmid
\shortparallel
\smallfrown
\smallsmile
v
<
%
∴
≈
∼
∝
\succapprox
\succcurlyeq
\succsim
\therefore
\thickapprox
\thicksim
\varpropto
\Vdash
\vDash
\Vvdash
Table 42: AMS Negated Binary Relations
∦
⊀
.
\ncong
\nmid
\nparallel
\nprec
\npreceq
\nshortmid
/
/
2
0
\nshortparallel
\nsim
\nsucc
\nsucceq
\nvDash
\nvdash
3
\nVDash
\precnapprox
\precnsim
\succnapprox
\succnsim
Table 43: stmaryrd Binary Relations
A
\inplus
B
\niplus
Table 44: wasysym Binary Relations
Z
\invneg
\Join
{
\leadsto
\logof
20
\wasypropto
Table 45: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations
S
R
D
H
F
B
I
E
C
G
h
\circledgtr
\circledless
\colonapprox
\Colonapprox
\coloneq
\Coloneq
\Coloneqq
\coloneqq
\Colonsim
\colonsim
\Eqcolon
\eqcolon
\eqqcolon
\Eqqcolon
\eqsim
X
\
(

[
\lJoin
\lrtimes
\multimap
\multimapboth
\multimapbothvert
\multimapdot
\multimapdotboth
\multimapdotbothA
\multimapdotbothAvert
\multimapdotbothB
\multimapdotbothBvert
\multimapdotbothvert
\multimapdotinv
\multimapinv
\openJoin
]
y
Y
K
J
L
∥
\opentimes
\Perp
\preceqq
\precneqq
\rJoin
\strictfi
\strictif
\strictiff
\succeqq
\succneqq
\varparallel
\varparallelinv
\VvDash
Table 46: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations
6
*
+
(
)
.
7
\napproxeq
\nasymp
\nbacksim
\nbacksimeq
\nbumpeq
\nBumpeq
\nequiv
\nprecapprox
$
9
;
8
%
:
\npreccurlyeq
\npreceqq
\nprecsim
\nsimeq
\nsuccapprox
\nsucccurlyeq
\nsucceqq
\nsuccsim
5
h
g
1
\nthickapprox
\ntwoheadleftarrow
\ntwoheadrightarrow
\nvarparallel
\nvarparallelinv
\nVdash
Table 47: mathabx Binary Relations
¶
·
)
)
-
\between
\botdoteq
\Bumpedeq
\bumpedeq
\circeq
\coloneq
\corresponds
\curlyeqprec
\curlyeqsucc
\DashV
\Dashv
\dashVv
Ï
Î
Æ
¤
Ì
À
\divides
\dotseq
\eqbumped
\eqcirc
\eqcolon
\fallingdotseq
\ggcurly
\llcurly
\precapprox
\preccurlyeq
\precdot
\precsim
21
Ç
¥
Í
Á
6
(
,
(
,
\risingdotseq
\succapprox
\succcurlyeq
\succdot
\succsim
\therefore
\topdoteq
\vDash
\Vdash
\VDash
\Vvdash
Table 48: mathabx Negated Binary Relations
¸
¹
+
/
'
+
/
M
\napprox
\ncong
\ncurlyeqprec
\ncurlyeqsucc
\nDashv
\ndashV
\ndashv
\nDashV
\ndashVv
\neq
\notasymp
\notdivides
\notequiv
\notperp
\nprec
\nprecapprox
\npreccurlyeq
\npreceq
\nprecsim
\nsim
\nsimeq
\nsucc
\nsuccapprox
\nsucccurlyeq
\nsucceq
\nsuccsim
¢
È
¦
ª
Â
£
É
§
«
Ã
*
*
.
&
.
Ê
¬
Ä
Ë

Å
\nvDash
\nVDash
\nVdash
\nvdash
\nVvash
\precnapprox
\precneq
\precnsim
\succnapprox
\succneq
\succnsim
The \changenotsign command toggles the behavior of \not to produce either a
vertical or a diagonal slash through a binary operator. Thus, “$a \not= b$” can
be made to produce either “a = b” or “a = b”.
Table 49: Subset and Superset Relations
@
v
A
∗
\sqsubset∗
\sqsubseteq
\sqsupset∗
w
⊂
⊆
\sqsupseteq
\subset
\subseteq
⊃
⊇
\supset
\supseteq
mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
Table 50: AMS Subset and Superset Relations
*
+
#
@
A
b
\nsubseteq
\nsupseteq
\nsupseteqq
\sqsubset
\sqsupset
\Subset
j
(
$
c
k
)
\subseteqq
\subsetneq
\subsetneqq
\Supset
\supseteqq
\supsetneq
%
&
!
'
\supsetneqq
\varsubsetneq
\varsubsetneqq
\varsupsetneq
\varsupsetneqq
Table 51: stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations
D
F
\subsetplus
\subsetpluseq
E
G
\supsetplus
\supsetpluseq
Table 52: wasysym Subset and Superset Relations
@
A
\sqsubset
22
\sqsupset
Table 53: txfonts/pxfonts Subset and Superset Relations
a
@
b

\nsqsubset
\nsqsubseteq
\nsqsupset
\nsqsupseteq
\nSubset
\nsubseteqq
A
>
"
?
\nSupset
Table 54: mathabx Subset and Superset Relations
\nsqsubset
\nsqSubset
\nsqsubseteq
\nsqsubseteqq
\nsqsupset
\nsqSupset
\nsqsupseteq
\nsqsupseteqq
\nsubset
\nSubset
\nsubseteq
\nsubseteqq

\nsupset
\nSupset
\nsupseteq
\nsupseteqq
\sqsubset
\sqSubset
\sqsubseteq
\sqsubseteqq
\sqsubsetneq
\sqsubsetneqq
\sqSupset
\sqsupset
\sqsupseteq
\sqsupseteqq
\sqsupsetneq
\sqsupsetneqq
\subset
\Subset
\subseteq
\subseteqq
\subsetneq
\subsetneqq
\supset
\Supset

\supseteq
\supseteqq
\supsetneq
\supsetneqq
\varsqsubsetneq
\varsqsubsetneqq
\varsqsupsetneq
\varsqsupsetneqq
\varsubsetneq
\varsubsetneqq
\varsupsetneq
\varsupsetneqq
Table 55: Inequalities
≥
\geq
\gg
≤
\leq
\ll
,
\neq
Table 56: AMS Inequalities
1
0
=
>
≫
'
m
R
T
\eqslantgtr
\eqslantless
\geqq
\geqslant
\ggg
\gnapprox
\gneq
\gneqq
\gnsim
\gtrapprox
\gtrdot
\gtreqless
\gtreqqless
≷
&
5
6
/
l
Q
S
≶
.
≪
\gtrless
\gtrsim
\gvertneqq
\leqq
\leqslant
\lessapprox
\lessdot
\lesseqgtr
\lesseqqgtr
\lessgtr
\lesssim
\lll
\lnapprox
≯
≮
Table 57: wasysym Inequalities
?
>
\apprge
23
\apprle
\lneq
\lneqq
\lnsim
\lvertneqq
\ngeq
\ngeqq
\ngeqslant
\ngtr
\nleq
\nleqq
\nleqslant
\nless
Table 58: txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities
\ngg
\ngtrapprox
\ngtrless
4
#
&
!
"
'
\ngtrsim
\nlessapprox
\nlessgtr
3
\nlesssim
\nll
Table 59: mathabx Inequalities
·
¶
¥
¯
"
Ï
Ë

³
Å
Ç
Í
½
¿
»
Á
µ
¤
®
Æ
Ì
¼
¾
º
\eqslantgtr
\eqslantless
\geq
\geqq
\gg
\ggg
\gnapprox
\gneq
\gneqq
\gnsim
\gtrapprox
\gtrdot
\gtreqless
\gtreqqless
\gtrless
\gtrsim
\gvertneqq
\leq
\leqq
\lessapprox
\lessdot
\lesseqgtr
\lesseqqgtr
\lessgtr
À
!
Î
Ê
¬
²
Ä
´
¹
¸
§
±
\lesssim
\ll
\lll
\lnapprox
\lneq
\lneqq
\lnsim
\lvertneqq
\neqslantgtr
\neqslantless
\ngeq
\ngeqq
£
É
Ã
¦
°
¢
È
Â
«
ª
©
¨
\ngtr
\ngtrapprox
\ngtrsim
\nleq
\nleqq
\nless
\nlessapprox
\nlesssim
\nvargeq
\nvarleq
\vargeq
\varleq
mathabx defines \leqslant and \le as synonyms for \leq, \geqslant and \ge as
synonyms for \geq, \nleqslant as a synonym for \nleq, and \ngeqslant as a
synonym for \ngeq.
Table 60: AMS Triangle Relations
J
I
6
\blacktriangleleft
\blacktriangleright
\ntriangleleft
5
7
4
\ntrianglelefteq
\ntriangleright
\ntrianglerighteq
E
,
D
\trianglelefteq
\triangleq
\trianglerighteq
C
B
\vartriangleleft
\vartriangleright
Table 61: stmaryrd Triangle Relations
P
R
\trianglelefteqslant
\ntrianglelefteqslant
Q
S
\trianglerighteqslant
\ntrianglerighteqslant
Table 62: mathabx Triangle Relations

\ntriangleleft
\ntrianglelefteq
\ntriangleright

\ntrianglerighteq
\triangleleft
\trianglelefteq
24
\triangleright
\trianglerighteq
\vartriangleleft

\vartriangleright
Table 63: Arrows
⇓
↓
←,→
{
←
⇐
⇔
↔
∗
←−
⇐=
←→
⇐⇒
7−→
=⇒
−→
7→
%
\Downarrow
\downarrow
\hookleftarrow
\hookrightarrow
\leadsto∗
\leftarrow
\Leftarrow
\Leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrow
⇒
→
&
.
↑
⇑
l
m
\longleftarrow
\Longleftarrow
\longleftrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow
\longmapsto
\Longrightarrow
\longrightarrow
\mapsto
\nearrow
\nwarrow
\Rightarrow
\rightarrow
\searrow
\swarrow
\uparrow
\Uparrow
\updownarrow
\Updownarrow
Table 64: Harpoons
)
(
+
*
\leftharpoondown
\leftharpoonup
\rightharpoondown
\rightharpoonup
*
)
\rightleftharpoons
Table 65: textcomp Text-Mode Arrows
_
\textdownarrow
\textleftarrow
^
\textrightarrow
\textuparrow
Table 66: AMS Arrows
x
y
c
d
⇔
!
W
"
#
\circlearrowleft
\circlearrowright
\curvearrowleft
\curvearrowright
\dashleftarrow
\dashrightarrow
\downdownarrows
\leftarrowtail
\leftleftarrows
\leftrightarrows
\leftrightsquigarrow
\Lleftarrow
\looparrowleft
\looparrowright
\Lsh
\rightarrowtail
⇒
\rightleftarrows
\rightrightarrows
\rightsquigarrow
\Rsh
\twoheadleftarrow
\twoheadrightarrow
\upuparrows
Table 67: AMS Negated Arrows
:
8
\nLeftarrow
\nleftarrow
<
=
\nLeftrightarrow
\nleftrightarrow
\nRightarrow
\nrightarrow
;
9
Table 68: AMS Harpoons
\downharpoonleft
\downharpoonright
\leftrightharpoons
\rightleftharpoons
25
\upharpoonleft
\upharpoonright
Table 69: stmaryrd Arrows
^
]
⇐=\
←−[
=⇒
\leftarrowtriangle
\leftrightarroweq
\leftrightarrowtriangle
\lightning
\Longmapsfrom
\longmapsfrom
\Longmapsto
⇐\
←[
⇒
1
0
_
\Mapsfrom
\mapsfrom
\Mapsto
\nnearrow
\nnwarrow
\rightarrowtriangle
\shortdownarrow
%
$
\shortleftarrow
\shortrightarrow
\shortuparrow
\ssearrow
\sswarrow
Table 70: txfonts/pxfonts Arrows

ö
÷
ó
õ
ô
ð
ò
ñ
ê
Ó
ÿ
×
ë
\boxdotLeft
\boxdotleft
\boxdotright
\boxdotRight
\boxLeft
\boxleft
\boxright
\boxRight
\circleddotleft

e

\circleddotright
\circleleft
\circleright
\dashleftrightarrow
\DiamonddotLeft
\Diamonddotleft
\Diamonddotright
\DiamonddotRight
\DiamondLeft

f
t
v
V
u
w
\Diamondleft
\Diamondright
\DiamondRight
\leftsquigarrow
\Nearrow
\Nwarrow
\Rrightarrow
\Searrow
\Swarrow
Table 71: mathabx Arrows
\circlearrowleft
\circlearrowright
\curvearrowbotleft
\curvearrowbotleftright
\curvearrowbotright
\curvearrowleft
\curvearrowleftright
\curvearrowright
\dlsh
\downdownarrows
\downtouparrow
\downuparrows
\drsh
Ð
Ð
Ø
Ô
ú
ø
ü
î
ï
ì
í
è
Õ
\leftarrow
\leftleftarrows
\leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrows
\leftrightsquigarrow
\leftsquigarrow
\lefttorightarrow
\looparrowdownleft
\looparrowdownright
\looparrowleft
\looparrowright
\Lsh
\nearrow
Ô
æ
Ñ
Õ
Ñ
ù
ý
é
×
Ö
Ö
þ
Ò
\nwarrow
\restriction
\rightarrow
\rightleftarrows
\rightrightarrows
\rightsquigarrow
\righttoleftarrow
\Rsh
\searrow
\swarrow
\updownarrows
\uptodownarrow
\upuparrows
Table 72: mathabx Negated Arrows
ö
Ú
\nLeftarrow
\nleftarrow
Ü
ø
\nleftrightarrow
\nLeftrightarrow
26
Û
÷
\nrightarrow
\nRightarrow
Þ
ß
Û
å
ç
ë
Ü
â
Table 73: mathabx Harpoons
\barleftharpoon
\barrightharpoon
\downdownharpoons
\downharpoonleft
\downharpoonright
\downupharpoons
\leftbarharpoon
\leftharpoondown
\blitza
à
é
\leftharpoonup
\leftleftharpoons
\leftrightharpoon
\leftrightharpoons
\rightbarharpoon
\rightharpoondown
\rightharpoonup
\rightleftharpoon
Ø
à
è
Ý
ã
á
á
\rightleftharpoons
\rightrightharpoons
\updownharpoons
\upharpoonleft
\upharpoonright
\upupharpoons
Ù
ê
ä
æ
Ú
Table 74: ulsy Contradiction Symbols
\blitzb
\blitzc
\blitzd
\blitze
Table 75: Extension Characters
−
=
\relbar
\Relbar
Table 76: stmaryrd Extension Characters
Y
X
\Arrownot
\arrownot
\
\Mapsfromchar
\mapsfromchar
[
\Mapstochar
Table 77: txfonts/pxfonts Extension Characters
\Mappedfromchar
\mappedfromchar
\Mmappedfromchar
\mmappedfromchar
\Mmapstochar
\mmapstochar
Table 78: mathabx Extension Characters
ß
û
Þ
\mapsfromchar
\Mapsfromchar
ú
\mapstochar
\Mapstochar
Table 79: Log-like Symbols
\arccos
\arcsin
\arctan
\arg
\cos
\cosh
\cot
\coth
\csc
\deg
\det
\dim
\exp
\gcd
\hom
\inf
\ker
\lg
\lim
\liminf
\limsup
\ln
\log
\max
\min
\Pr
\sec
\sin
\sinh
\sup
\tan
\tanh
Calling the above “symbols” may be a bit misleading.1 Each log-like symbol merely
produces the eponymous textual equivalent, but with proper surrounding spacing. See Section 7.3 for more information about log-like symbols. As \bmod and
\pmod are arguably not symbols we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for
LATEX [Dow00] for samples.
27
Table 80: AMS Log-like Symbols
inj lim
\injlim
proj lim
\projlim
lim
−→
lim
\varinjlim
lim
\varlimsup
\varliminf
lim
←−
\varprojlim
Load the amsmath package to get these symbols. See Section 7.3 for some additional
comments regarding log-like symbols. As \mod and \pod are arguably not symbols
we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for samples.
Table 81: Greek Letters
α
β
γ
δ
ε
ζ
η
\alpha
\beta
\gamma
\delta
\epsilon
\varepsilon
\zeta
\eta
θ
ϑ
ι
κ
λ
µ
ν
ξ
\theta
\vartheta
\iota
\kappa
\lambda
\mu
\nu
\xi
o
π
$
ρ
%
σ
ς
o
\pi
\varpi
\rho
\varrho
\sigma
\varsigma
τ
υ
φ
ϕ
χ
ψ
ω
\tau
\upsilon
\phi
\varphi
\chi
\psi
\omega
Γ
∆
Θ
\Gamma
\Delta
\Theta
Λ
Ξ
Π
\Lambda
\Xi
\Pi
Σ
Υ
Φ
\Sigma
\Upsilon
\Phi
Ψ
Ω
\Psi
\Omega
The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters. The
symbol “M”, for instance, is used for both an uppercase “m” and an uppercase “µ”.
Table 82: AMS Greek Letters
z
\digamma
\varkappa
κ
Table 83: txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters
α
β
γ
δ
ε
ζ
η
\alphaup
\betaup
\gammaup
\deltaup
\epsilonup
\varepsilonup
\zetaup
\etaup
θ
ϑ
ι
κ
λ
µ
ν
ξ
π
$
ρ
%
σ
ς
τ
υ
\thetaup
\varthetaup
\iotaup
\kappaup
\lambdaup
\muup
\nuup
\xiup
\piup
\varpiup
\rhoup
\varrhoup
\sigmaup
\varsigmaup
\tauup
\upsilonup
φ
ϕ
χ
ψ
ω
\phiup
\varphiup
\chiup
\psiup
\omegaup
Table 84: txfonts/pxfonts Variant Latin Letters
1
\varg
3
4
\varv
\varw
2
\vary
Pass the varg option to txfonts/pxfonts to replace g, v, w, and y with 1, 3, 4, and 2
in every mathematical expression in your document.
1 Michael
J. Downes prefers the more general term, “atomic math objects”.
28
Table 85: AMS Hebrew Letters
i
\beth
\gimel
‫ג‬
\daleth
k
\aleph appears in Table 109 on page 33.
Table 86: Letter-like Symbols
⊥
`
∃
\bot
\ell
\exists
∀
~
=
\forall
\hbar
\Im
ı
∈

3
∂
<
\imath
\in
\jmath
>
℘
\ni
\partial
\Re
\top
\wp
Table 87: AMS Letter-like Symbols
\Bbbk
\circledR
\circledS
k
r
s
{
`
a
\complement
\Finv
\Game
~
}
@
\hbar
\hslash
\nexists
Table 88: txfonts/pxfonts Letter-like Symbols
¢
£
\mathcent
\mathsterling
<
\notin
=
\notni
T
U
\varnotin
\varnotowner
Table 89: mathabx Letter-like Symbols
V
A
D
F
G
\barin
\complement
\exists
\Finv
\Game
P
E
M
R
S
\in
\nexists
\notbot
\notin
\notowner
L
Q
W
B
C
\nottop
\owns
\ownsbar
\partial
\partialslash
Table 90: AMS Delimiters
p
x
q
y
\ulcorner
\llcorner
\urcorner
\lrcorner
Table 91: stmaryrd Delimiters
P
V
L
\Lbag
\llceil
\llparenthesis
Q
W
M
\Rbag
\rrceil
\rrparenthesis
N
T
\lbag
\llfloor
Table 92: mathabx Delimiters
v
\lcorners
w
\rcorners
x
z
\ulcorner
\llcorner
y
{
\urcorner
\lrcorner
29
O
U
\rbag
\rrfloor
Table 93: Variable-sized Delimiters
↓
?
?
y
D
h
\downarrow
\langle
⇓
\lceil
e
\lfloor
c
\rceil
↑
\rfloor
l
)
{
)
(
.
/
|
k
(
\rangle
m
j
b
h
[
\Downarrow
i
l
d
w
w

E
i
]
[
x
?
?
x
?
y
n
|∗
k
\uparrow
⇑
\updownarrow
m
\{
}
]
~
w
w
~
w

o
\|
\Uparrow
\Updownarrow
\}
/
\
/
\backslash
When used with \left and \right, these symbols expand to the height of the
enclosed math expression. Note that \vert is a synonym for |, and \Vert is a
synonym for \|.
∗
e-TEX provides a \middle analogue to \left and \right that can be used to make
an internal “|” expand to the height of the surrounding \left and \right symbols.
A similar effect can be achieved in conventional LATEX using the braket package.
Table 94: Large, Variable-Sized Delimiters
8
;
8
>
>
>
>
;
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
\lmoustache
9
:
9
>
>
>
>
:
\arrowvert
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
\rmoustache
8
:
8
>
>
>
>
:
\Arrowvert
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
\lgroup
9
;
9
>
>
>
>
;
\rgroup
\bracevert
These symbols must be used with \left and \right. The mathabx package, however, redefines \lgroup and \rgroup so that those symbols can work without \left
and \right.
Table 95: Variable-Sized stmaryrd Delimiters
~
\llbracket

\rrbracket
Table 96: mathabx Variable-Sized Delimiters
v
7
~
1
w
\lbbbrack
77
77
9
\rbbbrack
??
?? \rfilet
~ \vvvert
?
\lfilet
\thickvert
30
Table 97: textcomp Text-Mode Delimiters
<
[
>
\textlangle
\textlbrackdbl
\textlquill
\textrangle
\textrbrackdbl
\textrquill
]
¡
Table 98: Math-Mode Accents
á
ā
ă
\acute{a}
\bar{a}
\breve{a}
ǎ
ä
ȧ
à
â
å
\check{a}
\ddot{a}
\dot{a}
\grave{a}
\hat{a}
\mathring{a}
ã
~a
\tilde{a}
\vec{a}
Also note the existence of \imath and \jmath, which produce dotless versions of
“i ” and “j ”. (See Table 109 on page 33.) These are useful when the accent is
supposed to replace the dot. For example, “\hat{\imath}” produces a correct
“ ı̂ ”, while “\hat{i}” would yield the rather odd-looking “ î ”.
Table 99: AMS Math-Mode Accents
...
....
a \dddot{a} a \ddddot{a}
These accents are also provided by the mathabx package.
Table 100: yhmath Math-Mode Accents
å
\ring{a}
This symbol is largely obsolete, as standard LATEX 2ε has supported \mathring
since June, 1998 [LAT98].
Table 101: Extensible Accents
Ý
abc
←−
abc
\widetilde{abc}∗
abc
\widehat{abc}∗
\overleftarrow{abc}
Ó
abc
−→
abc
\overline{abc}
abc
\underline{abc}
abc
√
n
abc
\underbrace{abc}
\overrightarrow{abc}
z}|{
abc
√
abc
∗
\overbrace{abc}
|{z}
\sqrt{abc}
\sqrt[n]{abc}
Made more extensible by the yhmath package.
Table 102: yhmath Extensible Accents
ö
abc
\wideparen{abc}
˚
ö
abc
\widering{abc}
é
abc
31
\widetriangle{abc}
Table 103: AMS Extensible Accents
←
→
abc
\overleftrightarrow{abc}
abc
←−
\underleftarrow{abc}
abc
←
→
abc
−→
\underleftrightarrow{abc}
\underrightarrow{abc}
The following are a sort of “reverse accent” in that the argument text serves as
a superscript to the arrow. In addition, the optional first argument (not shown)
serves as a subscript to the arrow. See the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00]
for further examples.
abc
←−−
abc
−−→
\xleftarrow{abc}
hkkikkj
\xrightarrow{abc}
Table 104: mathabx Extensible Accents
hkkk j
\overbrace{abc}

abc
\widebar{abc}
abc
\overgroup{abc}
|
abc
\widecheck{abc}

abc
\wideparen{abc}
ö̊
abc
\widering{abc}
abc
looabc
moon \underbrace{abc}
abc
lo
oo n

abc
\undergroup{abc}
\widearrow{abc}
The braces shown for \overbrace and \underbrace appear in their minimum size.
They can expand arbitrarily wide, however.
Table 105: esvect Extensible Accents
#”
abc \vv{abc} with package option a
#„
abc \vv{abc} with package option b
#«
abc \vv{abc} with package option c
#»
abc \vv{abc} with package option d
#–
abc \vv{abc} with package option e
#—
abc \vv{abc} with package option f
#
abc \vv{abc} with package option g
#‰
abc \vv{abc} with package option h
esvect also defines a \vv* macro which is used to typeset arrows over vector variables with subscripts. See the esvect documentation for more information.
32
Table 106: Dots
∗
·
\cdotp
···
\cdots
:
..
.
\colon∗
.
\ldotp
\ddots
...
\ldots
..
.
\vdots
While “:” is valid in math mode, \colon uses different surrounding spacing. See
Section 7.3 and the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for more information on
math-mode spacing.
Table 107: AMS Dots
···
...
···
···
\dotsb
\dotsc
...
\dotsi
\dotsm
\dotso
The AMS dot symbols are named according to their intended usage: \dotsb between pairs of binary operators/relations, \dotsc between pairs of commas, \dotsi
between pairs of integrals, \dotsm between pairs of multiplication signs, and \dotso
between other symbol pairs.
Table 108: yhmath Dots
..
.
\adots
Table 109: Miscellaneous LATEX 2ε Symbols
ℵ
6
\
♣
∗
\aleph
\angle
\backslash
\Box∗
\clubsuit
^
♦
∅
[
♥
\Diamond∗
\diamondsuit
\emptyset
\flat
\heartsuit
∞
f
∇
\
¬
\infty
\mho∗
\nabla
\natural
\neg
0
]
♠
√
4
\prime
\sharp
\spadesuit
\surd
\triangle
Table 110: Miscellaneous AMS Symbols
∠
8
F
N
\angle
\backprime
\bigstar
\blacklozenge
\blacksquare
\blacktriangle
H
ð
♦
]
\blacktriangledown
\diagdown
\diagup
\eth
\lozenge
\measuredangle
33
f
^
O
∅
M
\mho
\sphericalangle
\square
\triangledown
\varnothing
\vartriangle
Table 111: Miscellaneous wasysym Symbols
^
∗
\Box
\Diamond
\mho∗
\varangle
f
∴
\wasytherefore
wasysym also defines an \agemO symbol, which is the same glyph as \mho but is
intended for use in text mode.
Table 112: Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Symbols
_

o
\Diamondblack
\Diamonddot
\lambdabar
\lambdaslash
\varclubsuit
\vardiamondsuit
n
p
q
r
s
\varheartsuit
\varspadesuit
Table 113: Miscellaneous mathabx Symbols
0
\degree
\diagdown
\diagup
\diameter
å
ä
I
4
#
8
\fourth
\hash
\infty
\leftthreetimes
$
>
&
9
%
\measuredangle
\pitchfork
\propto
\rightthreetimes
2
?
3
#
\second
\sphericalangle
\third
\varhash
Table 114: Miscellaneous textcomp Text-Mode Math Symbols
°
ö
/
¬
=
½
\textdegree
\textdiv
\textfractionsolidus
\textlnot
\textminus
¼
¹
±
»
\textonehalf
\textonequarter
\textonesuperior
\textpm
\textsurd
¾
³
Ö
²
\textthreequarters
\textthreesuperior
\texttimes
\texttwosuperior
Table 115: mathcomp Math Symbols

µ
\tccentigrade
\tcmu
0
1
W

\tcohm
\tcpertenthousand

\tcperthousand
Table 116: mathabx Mayan Digits
2
3
\maya{0}
\maya{1}
4
5
\maya{2}
\maya{3}
\maya{4}
\maya{5}
Table 117: marvosym Math Symbols
0
1
\MVZero
\MVOne
W
=
2
3
\MVTwo
\MVThree
\Anglesign
\Corresponds
p
÷
4
5
\MVFour
\MVFive
\Squaredot
\Vectorarrow
34
6
7
P
\MVSix
\MVSeven
8
9
\Vectorarrowhigh
\MVEight
\MVNine
Table 118: Math Alphabets
ABCdef123
ABCdef123
ABCdef 
ABC
ABC
ABC
or
ABCdef123
ABC

ABCdef123
ABCdef12
ABCdef12
ABCdef12
ABC1
ABC1
ABCdef123
ABCdef123
ABCdef123
\mathrm{ABCdef123}
\mathit{ABCdef123}
\mathnormal{ABCdef123}
\mathcal{ABC}
\mathscr{ABC}
\mathcal{ABC}
\mathscr{ABC}
\mathpzc{ABCdef123}
\mathbb{ABC}
\varmathbb{ABC}
\mathbb{ABCdef123}
\mathbbm{ABCdef12}
\mathbbmss{ABCdef12}
\mathbbmtt{ABCdef12}
\mathds{ABC1}
\mathds{ABC1}
\mathfrak{ABCdef123}
\textfrak{ABCdef123}
\textswab{ABCdef123}
Required package
none
none
none
none
mathrsfs
euscript with the mathcal option
euscript with the mathscr option
none; manually defined∗
amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, or pxfonts
txfonts or pxfonts
bbold or mathbbol†
bbm
bbm
bbm
dsfont
dsfont with the sans option
eufrak
yfonts
yfonts
∗
Put “\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathpzc}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}” in your document’s preamble to make \mathpzc typeset its argument in Zapf Chancery.
†
The mathbbol package defines some additional blackboard bold characters:
parentheses, square brackets, angle brackets, and—if the bbgreekl option
is passed to matbbol—Greek letters.
For instance, “<[()]>” is produced by “\mathbb{\Langle\Lbrack\Lparen\bbalpha\bbbeta\bbgamma\Rparen
\Rbrack\Rangle}”.
35
4
Science and technology symbols
This section lists symbols that are employed in various branches of science and engineering (and, because
we were extremely liberal in our classification, astrology, too).
Table 119: wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols
:
!
&
@
\AC
::::
\VHF
:
\photon
QPPPPPPR
\HF
Table 120: ifsym Pulse Diagram Symbols
\FallingEdge
\LongPulseHigh
'
$
%
\LongPulseLow
\PulseHigh
\gluon
"
#
\PulseLow
\RaisingEdge
\ShortPulseHigh
\ShortPulseLow
In addition, within \textifsym{. . .}, the following codes are valid:
l
L
m
M
l
L
h
H
m
M
d
D
h
H
d
D
<
=
>
?
<
<<
This enables one to write “\textifsym{mm<DDD>mm}” to get “
“\textifsym{L|H|L|H|L}” to get “
”.
L|H|L|H|L
>
>>
mm<DDD>mm” or
Finally, \textifsym supports the display of segmented digits, as would appear
on an LCD: “\textifsym{-123.456}” produces “
”. “\textifsym{b}”
outputs a blank with the same width as an “ ”.
8
-123.456
Table 121: ar Aspect Ratio Symbol
A
\AR
Table 122: textcomp Text-Mode Science and Engineering Symbols

\textcelsius
M
µ
\textmho
\textmu
W
\textohm
Table 123: wasysym Astronomical Symbols
♁
#
\ascnode
\astrosun
\descnode
\earth
\fullmoon
X
$
♂
'
[
\jupiter
\leftmoon
\mars
\mercury
\neptune
\
%
Y
Z
\newmoon
\pluto
\rightmoon
\saturn
\uranus
♀
\venus
\vernal
Table 124: marvosym Astronomical Symbols
Â
Ã
Ê
\Mercury
\Venus
\Earth
Ä
Å
Æ
\Mars
\Jupiter
\Saturn
36
Ç
È
É
\Uranus
\Neptune
\Pluto
À
Á
\Sun
\Moon
Table 125: mathabx Astronomical Symbols
A
B
\Mercury
\Venus
C
D
\Earth
\Mars
M
@
\fullmoon
\Sun
K
J
\leftmoon
\varEarth
E
F
\Jupiter
\Saturn
G
H
\Uranus
\Neptune
N
\newmoon
L
\rightmoon
I
\Pluto
mathabx also defines \girl as an alias for \Venus, \boy as an alias for \Mars, and
\Moon as an alias for \leftmoon.
Table 126: wasysym Astrological Symbols
]
^
_
`
\aries
\taurus
\gemini
a
b
c
\cancer
\leo
\virgo
V
d
e
f
\libra
\scorpio
\sagittarius
\conjunction
W
\capricornus
\aquarius
\pisces
\opposition
Table 127: marvosym Astrological Symbols
à
á
â
ã
ä
å
\Aries
\Taurus
\Gemini
\Cancer
\Leo
\Virgo
æ
ç
è
é
ê
ë
\Libra
\Scorpio
\Sagittarius
\Capricorn
\Aquarius
\Pisces
Note that \Aries . . . \Pisces can also be specified with \Zodiac{1} . . .
\Zodiac{12}.
Table 128: mathabx Astrological Symbols
P
\Aries
Q
\Taurus
R
\Gemini
Table 129: wasysym APL Symbols
~

F
o
}
\APLbox
\APLcomment
\APLdown
\APLdownarrowbox
\APLinput
÷
~
p
−
q
\APLinv
\APLleftarrowbox
\APLlog
\APLminus
\APLrightarrowbox
E
n
−
\
−
/
\APLstar
\APLup
\APLuparrowbox
\notbackslash
\notslash
Table 130: wasysym APL Modifiers
◦ \APLcirc{}
∼ \APLnot{}
|
\APLvert{}
Table 131: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols
Í
Ï
\ComputerMouse
\Keyboard
Ñ
Ò
\ParallelPort
\Printer
37
Î
Ð
\SerialInterface
\SerialPort
Table 132: ascii Control Characters (IBM)
♥
♦
♣
♠
\SOH
\STX
\ETX
\EOT
\ENQ
\ACK
•
♂
♀
♪
♫
\BEL
\BS
\HT
\LF
\VT
\FF
‼
¶
§
↑
\CR
\SO
\SI
\DLE
\DCa
\DCb
↓
→
←
└
↔
\DCc
\DCd
\NAK
\SYN
\ETB
\CAN
¦

\EM
\SUB
\ESC
\FS
\GS
\RS
\US
\splitvert
\DEL
SOH, STX, ETX, . . ., US are the names of ASCII characters 1–31. DEL is the name of
ASCII character 127. \splitvert doesn’t correspond to a control character but is
merely the “|” character shown IBM style.
These characters must be entered with the ascii font in effect, for example,
“{\ascii\STX}”. See the ascii package documentation for more information.
Table 133: marvosym Communication Symbols
k
z
\Email
\Emailct
t
u
\fax
\FAX
v
B
\Faxmachine
\Letter
E
H
\Lightning
\Mobilefone
A
T
\Pickup
\Telefon
Table 134: marvosym Engineering Symbols
"
#
›
•
%
–
\Beam
\Bearing
\Circpipe
\Circsteel
\Fixedbearing
\Flatsteel
∗
l
’
&
L
$
™
‘
˜
”
'
Ÿ

\Force
\Hexasteel
\Lefttorque
\Lineload
\Loosebearing
\Lsteel
\Octosteel
\Rectpipe
\Rectsteel
\Righttorque
\RoundedLsteel∗
\RoundedTsteel∗

—
“
œ
š
\RoundedTTsteel
\Squarepipe
\Squaresteel
\Tsteel
\TTsteel
\RoundedLsteel and \RoundedTsteel seem to be swapped, at least in the
2000/05/01 version of marvosym.
Table 135: wasysym Biological Symbols
♀
\female
♂
\male
Table 136: marvosym Biological Symbols
~

„
\Female
\FEMALE
\FemaleFemale
…
}

\FemaleMale
\Hermaphrodite
\HERMAPHRODITE
‚
|
ƒ
{
\MALE
\Male
\MaleMale
\Neutral
Table 137: marvosym Safety-Related Symbols
h
n
\Biohazard
\BSEfree
C
J
\CEsign
\Estatically
`
a
38
\Explosionsafe
\Laserbeam
j
!
\Radioactivity
\Stopsign
5
Dingbats
Dingbats are symbols such as stars, arrows, and geometric shapes. They are commonly used as bullets in
itemized lists or, more generally, as a means to draw attention to the text that follows.
The pifont dingbat package warrants special mention. Among other capabilities, pifont provides a LATEX
interface to the Zapf Dingbats font (one of the standard 35 PostScript fonts). However, rather than name each
of the dingbats individually, pifont merely provides a single \ding command, which outputs the character that
lies at a given position in the font. The consequence is that the pifont symbols can’t be listed by name in this
document’s index, so be mindful of that fact when searching for a particular symbol.
y
{
Table 138: bbding Arrows
\ArrowBoldDownRight
\ArrowBoldRightCircled
z
w
\ArrowBoldRightShort
\ArrowBoldRightStrobe
x
\ArrowBoldUpRight
Table 139: pifont Arrows
➔
→
↔
↕
➘
➙
➚
➛
➜
\ding{212}
\ding{213}
\ding{214}
\ding{215}
\ding{216}
\ding{217}
\ding{218}
\ding{219}
\ding{220}
➝
➞
➟
➠
➡
➢
➣
➤
➥
\ding{221}
\ding{222}
\ding{223}
\ding{224}
\ding{225}
\ding{226}
\ding{227}
\ding{228}
\ding{229}
➦
➧
➨
➩
➪
➫
➬
➭
➮
\ding{230}
\ding{231}
\ding{232}
\ding{233}
\ding{234}
\ding{235}
\ding{236}
\ding{237}
\ding{238}
➯
➱
➲
➳
➴
➵
➶
➷
➸
\ding{239}
\ding{241}
\ding{242}
\ding{243}
\ding{244}
\ding{245}
\ding{246}
\ding{247}
\ding{248}
➹
➺
➻
➼
➽
➾
\ding{249}
\ding{250}
\ding{251}
\ding{252}
\ding{253}
\ding{254}
Table 140: marvosym Scissors
s
r
\Cutleft
\Cutline
q
R
\Cutright
\Kutline
S
Q
\Leftscissors
\Rightscissors
Table 141: bbding Scissors
\ScissorHollowLeft
\ScissorHollowRight
\ScissorLeft
\ScissorLeftBrokenBottom
\ScissorLeftBrokenTop
\ScissorRight
\ScissorRightBrokenBottom
\ScissorRightBrokenTop
Table 142: pifont Scissors
✁
\ding{33}
✂
✃
\ding{34}
\ding{35}
✄
Table 143: dingbat Pencils
W
\largepencil
P
39
\smallpencil
\ding{36}
Table 144: bbding Pencils and Nibs
\NibLeft
\NibRight
\NibSolidLeft
\NibSolidRight
\PencilLeft
\PencilLeftDown
\PencilLeftUp
\PencilRight
\PencilRightDown
\PencilRightUp
Table 145: pifont Pencils and Nibs
✎
\ding{46}
✏
\ding{47}
✐
\ding{48}
✑
\ding{49}
Table 146: dingbat Hands
R
D
U
L
d
u
\leftpointright
\leftthumbsdown
\leftthumbsup
\rightpointleft
\rightthumbsdown
\rightthumbsup
Table 147: bbding Hands
\HandCuffLeft
\HandCuffLeftUp
\HandCuffRight
\HandCuffRightUp
\HandLeft
\HandLeftUp
N
✒
\ding{50}
\rightpointright
\HandPencilLeft
\HandRight
\HandRightUp
Table 148: pifont Hands
☛
*
4
.
\ding{42}
☞
\ding{43}
✌
✍
\ding{44}
\ding{45}
Table 149: bbding Crosses and Plusses
\Cross
\CrossBoldOutline
\CrossClowerTips
\CrossMaltese
+
,
'
(
\CrossOpenShadow
\CrossOutline
\Plus
\PlusCenterOpen
&
)
\PlusOutline
\PlusThinCenterOpen
Table 150: pifont Crosses and Plusses
✙
✚
!
"
\ding{57}
\ding{58}
✛
✜
\ding{59}
\ding{60}
✝
✞
\ding{61}
\ding{62}
✟
✠
\ding{63}
\ding{64}
Table 151: bbding Xs and Check Marks
\Checkmark
\CheckmarkBold
#
$
\XSolid
\XSolidBold
40
%
\XSolidBrush
Table 152: pifont Xs and Check Marks
✓
✔
\ding{51}
\ding{52}
✕
✖
✗
✘
\ding{53}
\ding{54}
\ding{55}
\ding{56}
Table 153: wasysym Xs and Check Marks
2
\CheckedBox
\Square
4
\XBox
Table 154: pifont Circled Numbers
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨
⑩
\ding{172}
\ding{173}
\ding{174}
\ding{175}
\ding{176}
\ding{177}
\ding{178}
\ding{179}
\ding{180}
\ding{181}
❶
❷
❸
❹
❺
❻
❼
❽
❾
❿
➀
➁
➂
➃
➄
➅
➆
➇
➈
➉
\ding{182}
\ding{183}
\ding{184}
\ding{185}
\ding{186}
\ding{187}
\ding{188}
\ding{189}
\ding{190}
\ding{191}
\ding{192}
\ding{193}
\ding{194}
\ding{195}
\ding{196}
\ding{197}
\ding{198}
\ding{199}
\ding{200}
\ding{201}
➊
➋
➌
➍
➎
➏
➐
➑
➒
➓
\ding{202}
\ding{203}
\ding{204}
\ding{205}
\ding{206}
\ding{207}
\ding{208}
\ding{209}
\ding{210}
\ding{211}
pifont (part of the psnfss package) provides a dingautolist environment which
resembles enumerate but uses circled numbers as bullets.2 See the psnfss documentation for more information.
Table 155: wasysym Stars
C
N
A
B
X
C
D
0
/
Z
S
Y
H
I
F
E
R
2 In
\davidsstar
A
\hexstar
B
\varhexstar
Table 156: bbding Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes
\Asterisk
\AsteriskBold
\AsteriskCenterOpen
\AsteriskRoundedEnds
\AsteriskThin
\AsteriskThinCenterOpen
\DavidStar
\DavidStarSolid
\EightAsterisk
\EightFlowerPetal
\EightFlowerPetalRemoved
\EightStar
\EightStarBold
\EightStarConvex
\EightStarTaper
\FiveFlowerOpen
P
8
;
?
7
9
:
<
=
>
@
1
V
W
5
6
\FiveFlowerPetal
\FiveStar
\FiveStarCenterOpen
\FiveStarConvex
\FiveStarLines
\FiveStarOpen
\FiveStarOpenCircled
\FiveStarOpenDotted
\FiveStarOutline
\FiveStarOutlineHeavy
\FiveStarShadow
\FourAsterisk
\FourClowerOpen
\FourClowerSolid
\FourStar
\FourStarOpen
fact, dingautolist can use any set of consecutive Zapf Dingbats symbols.
41
2
3
O
U
M
Q
L
[
G
K
`
^
_
]
\
J
\JackStar
\JackStarBold
\SixFlowerAlternate
\SixFlowerAltPetal
\SixFlowerOpenCenter
\SixFlowerPetalDotted
\SixFlowerPetalRemoved
\SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal
\SixStar
\SixteenStarLight
\Snowflake
\SnowflakeChevron
\SnowflakeChevronBold
\Sparkle
\SparkleBold
\TwelweStar
Table 157: pifont Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes
✡
✢
✣
✤
✥
✦
✧
★
✩
\ding{65}
\ding{66}
\ding{67}
\ding{68}
\ding{69}
\ding{70}
\ding{71}
\ding{72}
\ding{73}
✪
✫
✬
✭
✮
✯
✰
✱
✲
\ding{74}
\ding{75}
\ding{76}
\ding{77}
\ding{78}
\ding{79}
\ding{80}
\ding{81}
\ding{82}
✳
✴
✵
✶
✷
✸
✹
✺
✻
\ding{83}
\ding{84}
\ding{85}
\ding{86}
\ding{87}
\ding{88}
\ding{89}
\ding{90}
\ding{91}
✼
✽
✾
✿
❀
❁
❂
❃
❄
\ding{92}
\ding{93}
\ding{94}
\ding{95}
\ding{96}
\ding{97}
\ding{98}
\ding{99}
\ding{100}
❅
❆
❇
❈
❉
❊
❋
\ding{101}
\ding{102}
\ding{103}
\ding{104}
\ding{105}
\ding{106}
\ding{107}
Table 158: wasysym Geometric Shapes
7
%
&
_
/
#
"
$
!
5
6
U
V
P
S
R
\hexagon
8
\octagon
D
\pentagon
9
Table 159: ifsym Geometric Shapes
\BigCircle
\BigCross
\BigDiamondshape
\BigHBar
\BigLowerDiamond
\BigRightDiamond
\BigSquare
\BigTriangleDown
\BigTriangleLeft
\BigTriangleRight
\BigTriangleUp
\BigVBar
\Circle
\Cross
\DiamondShadowA
\DiamondShadowB
\DiamondShadowC
\Diamondshape
\FilledBigCircle
\FilledBigDiamondshape
\FilledBigSquare
\FilledBigTriangleDown
\FilledBigTriangleLeft
T
Q
e
f
u
v
p
s
r
t
q
`
c
b
d
a
o
?
\FilledBigTriangleRight
\FilledBigTriangleUp
\FilledCircle
\FilledDiamondShadowA
\FilledDiamondShadowC
\FilledDiamondshape
\FilledSmallCircle
\FilledSmallDiamondshape
\FilledSmallSquare
\FilledSmallTriangleDown
\FilledSmallTriangleLeft
\FilledSmallTriangleRight
\FilledSmallTriangleUp
\FilledSquare
\FilledSquareShadowA
\FilledSquareShadowC
\FilledTriangleDown
\FilledTriangleLeft
\FilledTriangleRight
\FilledTriangleUp
\HBar
\LowerDiamond
\RightDiamond
\varhexagon
E
F

O
@
C
B
D
A
*
)
0
3
2
4
1
\SmallCircle
\SmallCross
\SmallDiamondshape
\SmallHBar
\SmallLowerDiamond
\SmallRightDiamond
\SmallSquare
\SmallTriangleDown
\SmallTriangleLeft
\SmallTriangleRight
\SmallTriangleUp
\SmallVBar
\SpinDown
\SpinUp
\Square
\SquareShadowA
\SquareShadowB
\SquareShadowC
\TriangleDown
\TriangleLeft
\TriangleRight
\TriangleUp
\VBar
The ifsym documentation points out that one can use \rlap to combine
some of the above into useful, new symbols. For example, \BigCircle and
\FilledSmallCircle combine to give “ ”. Likewise, \Square and \Cross combine to give “ ”. See Section 7.2 for more information about constructing new
symbols out of existing symbols.
0
%u
42
d
a
p
b
e
c
s
r
u
v
t
f
k
m
l
h
\CircleShadow
\CircleSolid
\DiamondSolid
\Ellipse
\EllipseShadow
\EllipseSolid
\HalfCircleLeft
\HalfCircleRight
Table 160: bbding Geometric Shapes
\Rectangle
\RectangleBold
\RectangleThin
\Square
\SquareCastShadowBottomRight
\SquareCastShadowTopLeft
\SquareCastShadowTopRight
\SquareShadowBottomRight
j
i
g
o
n
\SquareShadowTopLeft
\SquareShadowTopRight
\SquareSolid
\TriangleDown
\TriangleUp
Table 161: pifont Geometric Shapes
●
❍
■
\ding{108}
\ding{109}
\ding{110}
❏
❐
❑
\ding{111}
\ding{112}
\ding{113}
❒
▲
▼
\ding{114}
\ding{115}
\ding{116}
◆
◗
❘
\ding{117}
\ding{119}
\ding{120}
❙
❚
\ding{121}
\ding{122}
Table 162: manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols

\dbend
~
\lhdbend
\reversedvideodbend
Note that these symbols descend far beneath the baseline. manfnt also defines nondescending versions, which it calls, correspondingly, \textdbend, \textlhdbend,
and \textreversedvideodbend.
Table 163: skull Symbols
A
\skull
Table 164: Non-Mathematical mathabx Symbols
O
\rip
Table 165: marvosym Information Symbols
®
V
U
K
X
O
C
D
\Bicycle
\Checkedbox
\Clocklogo
\Coffeecup
\Crossedbox
o
x
I
i
y
\Football
\Gentsroom
\Industry
\Info
\Ladiesroom
Z
w
b
\Pointinghand
\Wheelchair
\Writinghand
Table 166: Miscellaneous dingbat Dingbats
\anchor
\carriagereturn
\checkmark
E
C
I
\eye
\filledsquarewithdots
\satellitedish
43
S
B
Z
\Sborder
\squarewithdots
\Zborder
q
Table 167: Miscellaneous bbding Dingbats
\Envelope
\OrnamentDiamondSolid
\Peace
\Phone
\PhoneHandset
\Plane
T
\SunshineOpenCircled
\Tape
Table 168: Miscellaneous pifont Dingbats
☎
✆
✇
\ding{37}
\ding{38}
\ding{39}
✈
✉
❖
\ding{40}
\ding{41}
\ding{118}
❤
❥
❦
\ding{164}
\ding{165}
\ding{166}
44
❧
♣
♥
\ding{167}
\ding{168}
\ding{170}
♠
♦
\ding{171}
\ding{169}
6
Other symbols
The following are all the symbols that didn’t fit neatly or unambiguously into any of the previous sections.
(Do weather symbols belong under “Science and technology”? Should dice be considered “mathematics”?)
While some of the tables contain clearly related groups of symbols (e.g., musical notes), others represent motley
assortments of whatever the font designer felt like drawing.
Table 169: textcomp Genealogical Symbols
b
d
\textborn
\textdied
c
l
m
\textdivorced
\textleaf
\textmarried
Table 170: wasysym General Symbols
m
1
|
\ataribox
\bell
\blacksmiley
\Bowtie
\brokenvert
\checked
L
/
6
\clock
\diameter
\DOWNarrow
\frownie
\invdiameter
\kreuz
\LEFTarrow
\lightning
\phone
\pointer
\recorder
\RIGHTarrow
,
☼
K
◊
\smiley
\sun
\UParrow
\wasylozenge
Table 171: wasysym Musical Notes
\eighthnote
\halfnote
\twonotes
\fullnote
♩
\quarternote
See also \flat, \sharp, and \natural (Table 109 on page 33).
Table 172: wasysym Circles
#
G
\CIRCLE
\Circle
\LEFTCIRCLE
G
#
I
H
H
#
J
"
\LEFTcircle
\Leftcircle
\RIGHTCIRCLE
\RIGHTcircle
\Rightcircle
\leftturn
!
\rightturn
Table 173: Miscellaneous manfnt Symbols
$
%
#
y
!
\manboldkidney
\manconcentriccircles
\manconcentricdiamond
\mancone
\mancube
\manerrarrow
\manfilledquartercircle
\manhpennib
\manimpossiblecube
\mankidney
\manlhpenkidney
&
'
"
7
x
6
45
\manpenkidney
\manquadrifolium
\manquartercircle
\manrotatedquadrifolium
\manrotatedquartercircle
\manstar
\mantiltpennib
\mantriangledown
\mantriangleright
\mantriangleup
\manvpennib
Table 174: marvosym Navigation Symbols
·
¸
¹
\Forward
\ForwardToEnd
\ForwardToIndex
»
º
¶
\MoveDown
\MoveUp
\Rewind
´
µ
½
\RewindToIndex
\RewindToStart
\ToBottom
¼
\ToTop
Table 175: marvosym Laundry Symbols
Ø
Ó
Õ
Ë
«
¾
¿
¬

Ý
Ü
¯
°
±
Ì
¨
²

×
Ù
\AtForty
\AtNinetyFive
\AtSixty
\Bleech
\CleaningA
\CleaningF
\CleaningFF
\CleaningP
\CleaningPP
\Dontwash
\Handwash
\IroningI
\IroningII
\IroningIII
\NoBleech
\NoChemicalCleaning
\NoIroning
\NoTumbler
\ShortFifty
\ShortForty
Ô
Ö
Û
Ú

‰
Š
‹
\ShortNinetyFive
\ShortSixty
\ShortThirty
\SpecialForty
\Tumbler
\WashCotton
\WashSynthetics
\WashWool
Table 176: Other marvosym Symbols
ˆ
ý
¥
‡
ª
∗
\Ankh
\Bat
\Bouquet
\Celtcross
\CircledA
†
F
f
§

\Cross
\FHBOlogo
\FHBOLOGO
\Frowny
\FullFHBO
Œ
ÿ
m
@
:
\Heart
\MartinVogel
\Mundus
\MVAt
\Rightarrow∗
©
þ
Y
\Smiley
\Womanface
\Yinyang
Standard LATEX 2ε defines \Rightarrow to display “⇒”, while marvosym redefines
it to display “:” (or “:” in math mode). This conflict can be problematic for math
symbols defined in terms of \Rightarrow, such as \Longleftrightarrow, which
ends up looking like “⇐ :”.
Table 177: ifsym Weather Symbols
!
#
"
\Cloud
\FilledCloud
\FilledRainCloud
\FilledSunCloud
\FilledWeakRainCloud
\Fog
\Hail
\HalfSun
\Lightning
\NoSun
\Rain
\RainCloud
\Sleet
\Snow
\SnowCloud
\Sun
\SunCloud
\ThinFog
$
\WeakRain
\WeakRainCloud
\FilledSnowCloud
In addition, \Thermo{0}. . .\Thermo{6} produce thermometers that are between
0/6 and 6/6 full of mercury: Similarly, \wind{hsuni}{hanglei}{hstrengthi} will draw wind symbols with a given
amount of sun (0–4), a given angle (in degrees), and a given strength in km/h (0–
100). For example, \wind{0}{0}{0} produces “ 0 ”, \wind{2}{0}{0} produces
“ 0 ”, and \wind{4}{0}{100} produces “ : ”.
46

\SummitSign
\StoneMan
\Hut
\FilledHut
\Village
\Interval
\StopWatchEnd

Table 178: ifsym Alpine Symbols
\Summit
\Mountain
\IceMountain
\VarMountain
\VarIceMountain
\SurveySign
\Joch
\Flag
\VarFlag
\Tent
Table 179: ifsym Clocks
\StopWatchStart
\Taschenuhr

\HalfFilledHut
\VarSummit

\VarClock
\Wecker
\VarTaschenuhr
ifsym also exports a \showclock macro. \showclock{hhoursi}{hminutesi} outputs
a clock displaying the corresponding time. For instance, “\showclock{5}{40}”
produces “ ”. hhoursi must be an integer from 0 to 11, and hminutesi must be an
integer multiple of 5 from 0 to 55.
D
:
::
Table 180: Other ifsym Symbols
\FilledSectioningDiamond
\Fire
\Irritant
\StrokeOne
\StrokeTwo
:::
::
\Letter
\PaperLandscape
\PaperPortrait
\StrokeThree
\StrokeFour
(
;
\Radiation
\SectioningDiamond
\Telephone
\StrokeFive
In addition, \Cube{1}. . .\Cube{6} produce dice with the corresponding number of
spots:
47
7
Additional Information
Unlike the previous sections of this document, Section 7 does not contain new symbol tables. Rather, it provides
additional help in using the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List. First, it draws attention to symbol names used
by multiple packages. Next, it provides some guidelines for finding symbols and gives some examples regarding
how to construct missing symbols out of existing ones. Then, it comments on the spacing surrounding symbols
in math mode. After that, it presents an ASCII and Latin 1 quick-reference guide, showing how to enter all of
the standard ASCII/Latin 1 symbols in LATEX. And finally, it lists some statistics about this document itself.
7.1
Symbol Name Clashes
Unfortunately, a number of symbol names are not unique; they appear in more than one package. Depending
on how the symbols are defined in each package, LATEX will either output an error message or replace an
earlier-defined symbol with a later-defined symbol. Table 181 presents a selection of name clashes that appear
in this document.
Using multiple symbols with the same name in the same document—or even merely loading conflicting
symbol packages—can be tricky, but, as evidenced by the existence of Table 181, not impossible. The general
procedure is to load the first package, rename the conflicting symbols, and then load the second package. Examine the LATEX source for this document (symbols.tex)—especially the \savesymbol and \restoresymbol
macros and their subsequent usage—to see one possible way to handle symbol conflicts.
txfonts and pxfonts redefine a huge number of symbols—essentially, all of the symbols defined by latexsym,
textcomp, the various AMS symbol sets, and LATEX 2ε itself. Similarly, mathabx redefines a vast number of
math symbols in an attempt to improve their look. The txfonts, pxfonts, and mathabx conflicts are not listed
in Table 181 because they are designed to be compatible with the symbols they replace. Table 182 on page 50
illustrates what “compatible” means in this context.
To use the new txfonts/pxfonts symbols without altering the document’s main font, merely reset the default
font families back to their original values after loading one of those packages:
\renewcommand\rmdefault{cmr}
\renewcommand\sfdefault{cmss}
\renewcommand\ttdefault{cmtt}
7.2
Where can I find the symbol for . . . ?
If you can’t find some symbol you’re looking for in this document, there are a few possible explanations:

The symbol isn’t intuitively named. As a few examples, the command to draw dice is “\Cube”; a plus
sign with a circle around it (“exclusive or” to computer engineers) is “\oplus”; and lightning bolts in
fonts designed by German speakers may have “blitz” in their names. The moral of the story is to be
creative with synonyms when searching the index.

The symbol is defined by some package that I overlooked (or deemed unimportant). If there’s some
symbol package that you think should be included in the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List, please send
me e-mail at the address listed on the title page.

The symbol isn’t defined in any package whatsoever.
Even in the last case, all is not lost. Sometimes, a symbol exists in a font, but there is no LATEX binding
for it. For example, the PostScript Symbol font contains a “↵” symbol, which may be useful for representing a
carriage return, but there is no package for accessing that symbol (as far as I know). To produce an unnamed
symbol, you need to switch to the font explicitly with LATEX 2ε ’s low-level font commands [LAT00] and use
TEX’s primitive \char command [Knu86] to request a specific character number in the font.3
Symbols that do not exist in any font can sometimes be fabricated out of existing symbols. The LATEX 2ε
source file fontdef.dtx contains a number of such definitions. For example, \models (see Table 40 on page 20)
is defined in that file with:
\def\models{\mathrel|\joinrel=}
3 pifont defines a convenient \Pisymbol command for accessing symbols in PostScript fonts by number.
“\Pisymbol{psy}{191}” produces “↵”.
48
For example,
49
\baro
\bigtriangledown
\bigtriangleup
\checkmark
\Circle
\Cross
\ggg
\Letter
\lightning
\Lightning
\lll
\Rightarrow
\Square
\Sun
\TriangleDown
\TriangleUp
Symbol
⇒
5
4
LATEX 2ε
≪
≫
X
AMS
`
a
stmaryrd
#
wasysym
@
Î
ñ
Ï
mathabx
À
:
E
B
†
marvosym
Table 181: Symbol Name Clashes
f
o
n
*
bbding
0
3
1
5
ifsym
D
dingbat
<
wsuipa
Table 182: Example of a Benign Name Clash
Symbol
Default
(Computer Modern)
txfonts
(Times Roman)
R
R

R
\textrecipe

where \mathrel and \joinrel are used to control the horizontal spacing. (See The TEXbook [Knu86] for
more information on those commands.)
With some simple pattern-matching, one can easily define a backward \models sign (“=|”):
\def\ismodeledby{=\joinrel\mathrel|}
In general, arrows/harpoons, horizontal lines (“=”, “-”, “\relbar”, and “\Relbar”), and the various mathextension characters can be combined creatively with miscellaneous other characters to produce a variety of
new symbols. Of course, new symbols can be composed from any set of existing characters. For instance, LATEX
defines \hbar (“~”) as a bar character (\mathchar’26) followed by a backspace of 9 math units (\mkern-9mu),
followed by the letter “h”:
\def\hbar{{\mathchar’26\mkern-9muh}}
We can just as easily define other barred letters:
\def\bbar{{\mathchar’26\mkern-9mu b}}
\def\dbar{{\mathchar’26\mkern-12mu d}}
(The space after the “mu” is optional but is added for clarity.) \bbar and \dbar define “b̄” and “¯
d”, respectively.
Note that \dbar requires a greater backward math kern than \bbar; a -9 mu kern would have produced the
less-attractive “d̄” glyph.
To make composite symbols work properly within subscripts and superscripts, you may need to use
TEX’s \mathchoice primitive. \mathchoice evaluates one of four expressions, based on whether the current
math style is display, text, script, or scriptscript. (See The TEXbook [Knu86] for a more complete description.) For example, the following LATEX code—posted to comp.text.tex by Torsten Bronger—composes a
sub/superscriptable “⊥
>” symbol out of \top and \bot (“>” and “⊥”):
\def\topbotatom#1{\hbox{\hbox to 0pt{$#1\bot$\hss}$#1\top$}}
\newcommand*{\topbot}{\mathrel{\mathchoice{\topbotatom\displaystyle}
{\topbotatom\textstyle}
{\topbotatom\scriptstyle}
{\topbotatom\scriptscriptstyle}}}
The following is another example that uses \mathchoice to construct symbols in different math modes.
The code defines a principal value integral symbol, which is an integral sign with a line through it.
\def\Xint#1{\mathchoice
{\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptscriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
\!\int}
\def\XXint#1#2#3{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$}
\vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}}
\def\ddashint{\Xint=}
\def\dashint{\Xint-}
50
R
R
\dashint produces a single-dashed integral sign (“−”), while \ddashint produces a double-dashed one (“=”).
The same technique can be used to produce, for example, clockwise and counterclockwise contour integrals.
(Search the comp.text.tex archives for a post by Donald Arseneau that says exactly how.) The preceding
code was taken verbatim from the UK TEX Users’ Group FAQ (http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq).
Sometimes, however, amstext’s \text macro is all that is necessary to make composite symbols appear
correctly in subscripts and superscripts, as in the following definitions of \neswarrow (“%
.”) and \nwsearrow
(“&”):4
\newcommand{\neswarrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nearrow$\llap{$\swarrow$}}}}
\newcommand{\nwsearrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nwarrow$\llap{$\searrow$}}}}
\text resembles LATEX’s \mbox command but shrinks its argument appropriately when used within a subscript
or superscript. \llap (“left overlap”) and its counterpart, \rlap (“right overlap”), appear frequently when
creating composite characters. \llap outputs its argument to the left of the current position, overlapping
whatever text is already there. Similarly, \rlap overlaps whatever text would normally appear to the right
of its argument. For example, “A\llap{B}” and “\rlap{A}B” each produce “A
B”. However, the result of the
former is the width of “A”, and the result of the latter is the width of “B”—\llap{. . . } and \rlap{. . . } take
up zero space.
As another example, fontdef.dtx composes the \ddots symbol (see Table 106 on page 33) out of three
periods, raised 7 pt., 4 pt., and 1 pt., respectively:
\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise7\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
\p@ is a LATEX 2ε shortcut for “pt” or “1.0pt”. The remaining commands are defined in The TEXbook [Knu86].
To draw a version of \ddots with the dots going along the opposite diagonal, we merely have to reorder the
\raise7\p@, \raise4\p@, and \raise\p@:
\makeatletter
\def\revddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise7\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
\makeatother
(The \makeatletter and \makeatother commands are needed to coerce LATEX into accepting “@” as part of
a macro name.) \revddots is essentially identical to the yhmath package’s \adots command.
A more complex example of composing new symbols from existing symbols is the following definition of
extensible \overbracket, \underbracket, \overparenthesis, and \underparenthesis symbols, taken from
a comp.text.tex post by Donald Arseneau:
\makeatletter
\def\overbracket#1{\mathop{\vbox{\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
\downbracketfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
\def\underbracket#1{\mathop{\vtop{\ialign{##\crcr
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
\upbracketfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
\def\overparenthesis#1{\mathop{\vbox{\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
\downparenthfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
\def\underparenthesis#1{\mathop{\vtop{\ialign{##\crcr
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
\upparenthfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
\def\downparenthfill{$\m@th\braceld\leaders\vrule\hfill\bracerd$}
\def\upparenthfill{$\m@th\bracelu\leaders\vrule\hfill\braceru$}
\def\upbracketfill{$\m@th\makesm@sh{\llap{\vrule\@height3\p@\@width.7\p@}}%
\leaders\vrule\@height.7\p@\hfill
4 Note
that if your goal is to typeset commutative diagrams, then you probably want to use XY-pic.
51
\makesm@sh{\rlap{\vrule\@height3\p@\@width.7\p@}}$}
\def\downbracketfill{$\m@th
\makesm@sh{\llap{\vrule\@height.7\p@\@depth2.3\p@\@width.7\p@}}%
\leaders\vrule\@height.7\p@\hfill
\makesm@sh{\rlap{\vrule\@height.7\p@\@depth2.3\p@\@width.7\p@}}$}
\makeatother
Table 183 showcases these accents. The TEXbook [Knu86] or another book on TEX primitives is indispensible
for understanding how the preceding code works. The basic idea is that \downparenthfill, \upparenthfill,
\downbracketfill, and \upbracketfill do all of the work; they output a left symbol (e.g., \braceld [“z”]
for \downparenthfill), a horizontal rule that stretches as wide as possible, and a right symbol (e.g., \bracerd
[“{”] for \downparenthfill). \overbracket, \underbracket, \overparenthesis, and \underparenthesis
merely create a table whose width is determined by the given text, thereby constraining the width of the
horizontal rules.
Table 183: Manually Composed Extensible Accents
z {
abc
\overbracket{abc}
abc
\overparenthesis{abc}
abc
\underbracket{abc}
abc
| }
\underparenthesis{abc}
Accents are a special case of combining existing symbols to make new symbols. While various tables in
this document show how to add an accent to an existing symbol, some applications, such as transliterations
from non-Latin alphabets, require multiple accents per character. For instance, the creator of pdfTEX writes
his name as “Hàn Th´ê Thành”. The wsuipa package defines \diatop and \diaunder macros for putting one
or more diacritics or accents above or below a given character. For example, \diaunder[{\diatop[\’|\=]}|
\textsubdot{r}] produces “´r̄”. See the wsuipa documentation for more information.
The accents package facilitates
the fabrication of accents in math mode. Its \accentset command en?
ables any character to be used as an accent. For instance, \accentset{\star}{f} produces “f ” and
e
\accentset{e}{X} produces “X”. \underaccent does the same thing, but places the accent beneath the
character. This enables constructs like \underaccent{\tilde}{V}, which produces “V ”. accents provides
˜
other accent-related features as well; see the documentation for more information.
7.3
Math-mode spacing
Terms such as “binary operators”, “relations”, and “punctuation” in Section 3 primarily regard the surrounding
spacing. (See the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for a nice exposition on the subject.) To use an symbol
for a different purpose, you can use the TEX commands \mathord, \mathop, \mathbin, \mathrel, \mathopen,
\mathclose, and \mathpunct. For example, if you want to use \downarrow as a variable (an “ordinary”
symbol) instead of a delimiter, you can write “$3 x + \mathord{\downarrow}$” to get the properly spaced
“3x + ↓” rather than the awkward-looking “3x+ ↓”. See The TEXbook [Knu86] for more information.
The purpose of the “log-like symbols” in Tables 79 and 80 is to provide the correct amount of spacing
around and within multiletter function names. Table 184 contrasts the output of the log-like symbols with
various, naı̈ve alternatives. In addition to spacing, the log-like symbols also handle subscripts properly. For
example, “\max_{p \in P}” produces “maxp∈P ” in text, but “max” as part of a displayed formula.
p∈P
Table 184: Spacing Around/Within Log-like Symbols
LATEX expression
Output
$r \sin \theta$
$r sin \theta$
$r \mbox{sin} \theta$
r sin θ (best)
rsinθ
rsinθ
The amsmath package makes it straightforward to define new log-like symbols:
52
\DeclareMathOperator{\atan}{atan}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\lcm}{lcm}
The difference between \DeclareMathOperator and \DeclareMathOperator* involves the handling of subscripts. With \DeclareMathOperator*, subscripts are written beneath log-like symbols in display style and
to the right in text style. This is useful for limit operators (e.g., \lim) and functions that tend to map over
a set (e.g., \min). In contrast, \DeclareMathOperator tells TEX that subscripts should always be displayed
to the right of the operator, as is common for functions that take a single parameter (e.g., \log and \cos).
Table 185 contrasts symbols declared with \DeclareMathOperator and \DeclareMathOperator* in both text
style ($. . .$) and display style (\[. . .\]).
Table 185: Defining new log-like symbols
7.4
Declaration function
$\newlogsym {p \in P}$
\[ \newlogsym {p \in P} \]
\DeclareMathOperator
newlogsymp∈P
newlogsymp∈P
\DeclareMathOperator*
newlogsymp∈P
newlogsym
p∈P
ASCII and Latin 1 quick reference
Table 186 on the following page amalgamates data from various other tables in this document into a convenient
reference for LATEX 2ε typesetting of ASCII characters, i.e., the characters available on a typical5 computer
keyboard. The first two columns list the character’s ASCII code in decimal and hexadecimal. The third
column shows what the character looks like. The fourth column lists the LATEX 2ε command to typeset the
character as a text character. And the fourth column lists the LATEX 2ε command to typeset the character
within a \texttt{. . .} command (or, more generally, when \ttfamily is in effect).
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 186:

"

The characters “<”, “>”, and “|” do work as expected in math mode, although they produce, respectively,
“¡”, “¿”, and “—” in text mode.6 Hence, $<$, $>$, and $|$ serve as a terser alternative to \textless,
\textgreater, and \textbar. Note that for typesetting metavariables many people prefer \textlangle
and \textrangle to \textless and \textgreater, i.e., “hfilenamei” instead of “<filename>”.

The various \char commands within \texttt are necessary only in the OT1 font encoding. In other
encodings (e.g., T1), commands such as \{, \}, \_, and \textbackslash all work properly.

\textasciicircum can be used instead of \^{}, and \textasciitilde can be used instead of \~{}.
For typesetting tildes in URLs and Unix filenames, some people prefer \sim (see Table 40 on page 20),
which produces a larger symbol. However, a superior approach for typesetting URLs is to use the url
package, which has a number of additional nice features.

The IBM version of ASCII characters 1 to 31 can be typeset using the ascii package. See Table 132 on
page 38.

To replace ‘ and ’ with the more computer-like (and more visibly distinct) ` and ' within a verbatim
environment, use the upquote package. Outside of verbatim, you can use \char18 and \char13 to get
the modified quote characters. (The former is actually a grave accent.)
is not available in the OT1 font encoding.
Similar to Table 186, Table 187 on page 55 is an amalgamation of data from other tables in this document.
While Table 186 shows how to typeset the 7-bit ASCII character set, Table 187 shows the Latin 1 (Western
European) character set, also known as ISO-8859-1.
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 187:
5 typical
6 Donald
for the United States, at least
Knuth didn’t think such symbols were important outside of mathematics, so he omitted them from the OT1 font
encoding.
53
Table 186: LATEX 2ε ASCII Table
Dec
Hex
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
..
.
57
58
59
60
61
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
2A
2B
2C
2D
2E
2F
30
31
32
..
.
39
3A
3B
3C
3D
Char
Body text
!
!
\textquotedbl
\#
\$
\%
\&
’
(
)
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
..
.
9
:
;
\textless
=
"
#
$
%
&
’
(
)
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
..
.
9
:
;
<
=
\texttt
Dec
Hex
!
"
\#
\$
\%
\&
’
(
)
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
..
.
9
:
;
<
=
62
63
64
65
66
67
..
.
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
..
.
122
123
124
125
126
3E
3F
40
41
42
43
..
.
5A
5B
5C
5D
5E
5F
60
61
62
63
..
.
7A
7B
7C
7D
7E
Char
Body text
>
?
@
A
B
C
..
.
Z
[
\
]
ˆ
\textgreater
?
@
A
B
C
..
.
Z
[
\textbackslash
]
\^{}
\_
‘
a
b
c
..
.
z
\{
\textbar
\}
\~{}
‘
a
b
c
..
.
z
{
|
}
˜
\texttt
>
?
@
A
B
C
..
.
Z
[
\char‘\\
]
\^{}
\char‘\_
‘
a
b
c
..
.
z
\char‘\{
|
\char‘\}
\~{}

A “(tc)” after a symbol name means that the textcomp package must be loaded to access that symbol.
A “(T1)” means that the symbol requires the T1 font encoding. The fontenc package can change the
font encoding document-wide.

Many of the \text. . . accents can also be produced using the accent commands shown in Table 11 on
page 10 plus an empty argument. For instance, \={} is essentially the same as \textasciimacron.

The commands in the “LATEX 2ε ” columns work both in body text and within a \texttt{. . .} command
(or, more generally, when \ttfamily is in effect).

Microsoft® Windows® normally uses a superset of Latin 1 called “CP1252” (Code Page 1252). CP1252
adds codes in the range 128–159 (hexadecimal 80–9F), including characters such as dashes, daggers, and
quotation marks. If there’s sufficient interest, a future version of the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List
may include a CP1252 table.
While too large to incorporate into this document, a listing of ISO 8879:1986 SGML/XML character entities
and their LATEX equivalents is available from http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/. Some of the characters
presented there make use of isoent, a LATEX 2ε package (available from the same URL) that fakes some of the
missing ISO glyphs using the LATEX picture environment.7
7.5
About this document
History David Carlisle wrote the first version of this document in October, 1994. It originally contained all
of the native LATEX symbols (Tables 25, 33, 40, 63, 79, 81, 93, 94, 98, 101, 109, and a few tables that have
since been reorganized) and was designed to be nearly identical to the tables in Chapter 3 of Leslie Lamport’s
book [Lam86]. Even the table captions and the order of the symbols within each table matched! The AMS
7 isoent is not featured in this document, because it is not available from CTAN and because the faked symbols are not “true”
characters; they exist in only one size, regardless of the body text’s font size.
54
Table 187: LATEX 2ε Latin 1 Table
Dec
Hex
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
AA
AB
AC
AE
AF
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
BA
BB
BC
BD
BE
BF
C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
CA
CB
CC
CD
CE
CF
D0
Char
¡
¢
£
¤
¥
¦
§
¨
©
ª
¬
®
¯
°
±
²
³
´
µ
¶
·
¸
¹
º
¼
½
¾
¿
À
Á
Â
Ã
Ä
Å
Æ
Ç
È
É
Ê
Ë
Ì
Í
Î
Ï
Ð
LATEX 2ε
!‘
\textcent
\pounds
\textcurrency
\textyen
\textbrokenbar
\S
\textasciidieresis
\textcopyright
\textordfeminine
\guillemotleft
\textlnot
\textregistered
\textasciimacron
\textdegree
\textpm
\texttwosuperior
\textthreesuperior
\textasciiacute
\textmu
\P
\textperiodcentered
\c{}
\textonesuperior
\textordmasculine
\guillemotright
\textonequarter
\textonehalf
\textthreequarters
?‘
\‘{A}
\’{A}
\^{A}
\~{A}
\"{A}
\AA
\AE
\c{C}
\‘{E}
\’{E}
\^{E}
\"{E}
\‘{I}
\’{I}
\^{I}
\"{I}
\DH
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(T1)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(T1)
55
Dec
Hex
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
DA
DB
DC
DD
DE
DF
E0
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
E9
EA
EB
EC
ED
EE
EF
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
FA
FB
FC
FD
FE
FF
Char
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Ô
Õ
Ö
Ö
Ø
Ù
Ú
Û
Ü
Ý
Þ
ß
à
á
â
ã
ä
å
æ
ç
è
é
ê
ë
ı̀
ı́
ı̂
ı̈
ð
ñ
ò
ó
ô
õ
ö
ö
ø
ù
ú
û
ü
ý
þ
ÿ
LATEX 2ε
\~{N}
\‘{O}
\’{O}
\^{O}
\~{O}
\"{O}
\texttimes
\O
\‘{U}
\’{U}
\^{U}
\"{U}
\’{Y}
\TH
\ss
\‘{a}
\’{a}
\^{a}
\~{a}
\"{a}
\aa
\ae
\c{c}
\‘{e}
\’{e}
\^{e}
\"{e}
\‘{ı}
\’{ı}
\^{ı}
\"{ı}
\dh
\~{n}
\‘{o}
\’{o}
\^{o}
\~{o}
\"{o}
\textdiv
\o
\‘{u}
\’{u}
\^{u}
\"{u}
\’{y}
\th
\"{y}
(tc)
(T1)
(T1)
(tc)
(T1)
symbols (Tables 26, 41, 42, 66, 67, 82, 85, 90, and 110) and an initial Math Alphabets table (Table 118) were
added thereafter. Later, Alexander Holt provided the stmaryrd tables (Tables 27, 35, 43, 69, 76, and 91).
In January, 2001, Scott Pakin took responsibility for maintaining the symbol list and has since implemented
a complete overhaul of the document. The result, now called, “The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List”,
includes the following new features:

the addition of a handful of new math alphabets, dozens of new font tables, and thousands of new
symbols

the categorization of the symbol tables into body-text symbols, mathematical symbols, science and
technology symbols, dingbats, and other symbols, to provide a more user-friendly document structure

an index, table of contents, and a frequently-requested symbol list, to help users quickly locate symbols

symbol tables rewritten to list the symbols in alphabetical order

appendices to provide additional information relevant to using symbols in LATEX

tables showing how to typeset all of the characters in the ASCII and Latin 1 font encodings
Furthermore, the internal structure of the document has been completely altered from David’s original version.
Most of the changes are geared towards making the document easier to extend, modify, and reformat.
Build characteristics Table 188 lists some of this document’s build characteristics. Most important is
the list of packages that LATEX couldn’t find, but that symbols.tex otherwise would have been able to take
advantage of. Complete, prebuilt versions of this document are available from CTAN (http://www.ctan.org/
or one of its many mirror sites) in the directory tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive. Table 189
shows the package date (specified in the .sty file with \ProvidesPackage) for each package that was used to
build this document and that specifies a package date. Packages are not listed in any particular order in either
Table 188 or 189.
Table 188: Document Characteristics
Characteristic
Value
Source file:
Build date:
Symbols documented:
Packages included:
symbols.tex
October 8, 2002
2590
textcomp latexsym amssymb stmaryrd euscript wasysym
pifont mathcomp marvosym manfnt bbding ifsym tipa
wsuipa ulsy ar txfonts mathabx fclfont ascii dingbat skull
eurosym esvect yfonts yhmath esint accents mathrsfs
zapfchan bbold dsfont bbm
none
Packages omitted:
56
Table 189: Package versions used in the preparation of this document
Name
Date
textcomp
latexsym
amssymb
stmaryrd
euscript
wasysym
pifont
marvosym
manfnt
bbding
ifsym
tipa
txfonts
dingbat
skull
eurosym
yfonts
accents
2000/08/30
1998/08/17
1996/11/03
1994/03/03
1995/01/06
1999/05/13
2000/01/12
2000/05/01
1999/07/01
1999/04/15
2000/04/18
2001/12/31
2000/12/15
2001/04/27
2002/01/23
1998/08/06
1999/05/12
2000/08/06
References
[Dow00] Michael Downes. Short math guide for LATEX, July 19, 2000. Version 1.07. Available from http://
www.ams.org/tex/short-math-guide.html.
[Knu86] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, volume A of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-Wesley, Reading,
MA, USA, 1986.
[Lam86] Leslie Lamport. LATEX: A document preparation system. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[LAT98]
LATEX3 Project Team. A new math accent. LATEX News. Issue 9, June 1998. Available from
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/ltnews09.pdf (also included in many TEX
distributions).
[LAT00]
LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2ε font selection, January 30, 2000. Available from http://
www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.ps (also included in many TEX distributions).
57
Index
If you’re having trouble locating a symbol, try looking under “T” for “\text. . .”. Many text-mode commands begin
with that prefix. Also, accents are shown over/under a black box, e.g., “ á ” for “\’”.
Some symbol entries appear to be listed repeatedly. This happens when multiple packages define identical (or nearly
identical) glyphs with the same symbol name.8
Symbols
\" (ä) . . . . . . . .
\# (#) . . . . . . .
\$ ($) . . . . . . . .
\% (%) . . . . . . .
\& (&) . . . . . . .
\’ (á) . . . . . . . .
( (() . . . . . . . . .
) ()) . . . . . . . . .
* (*) . . . . . . . . .
\. (ȧ) . . . . . . . .
/ (/) . . . . . . . . .
[ ([) . . . . . . . . .
] (]) . . . . . . . . .
\^ (â) . . . . . . . .
\^{} (ˆ) . . . . . .
\_ ( ) . . . . . . . .
\‘ (à) . . . . . . . .
\~ (ã) . . . . . . . .
\~{} (˜) . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
7,
7,
7,
7,
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7,
..
..
..
10
54
54
54
54
10
30
30
17
10
30
30
30
10
53
53
10
10
53
A
a (esvect package option) . . . 32
\AA (Å) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\aa (å) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
abzüglich . . see \textdiscount
\AC (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
accents 10–12, 31, 32, 37, 51–52
any character as . . . . . . 52
extensible . . 31, 32, 51–52
multiple per character . 52
accents (package) . . . . 52, 56, 57
\accentset . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\ACK (♠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\acute (´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
.
\adots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . 33, 51
\AE (Æ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\ae (æ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\agemO (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\ain (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\aleph (ℵ) . . . . . . . . . . 29, 33
\alpha (α) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
alphabets
African . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
phonetic . . . . . . . . . 8–10
\alphaup (α) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
alpine symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\amalg (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ampersand . . . . . . . . . . see \&
8 This
AMS 6, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22–25, 28,
29, 31–33, 48, 54
amsfonts (package) 15, 20, 22, 25,
33, 35
amsmath (package) . . 6, 28, 52
amssymb (package) 6, 15, 20, 22,
25, 33, 35, 56–58
amstext (package) . . . . . . . . 51
O
\anchor ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
and . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \wedge
\angle (∠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\angle (6 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Anglesign (W) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\Ankh (ˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
APL
modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . 37
symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLbox (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLcirc (◦) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLcomment () . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLdown (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLdownarrowbox (o) . . . . 37
\APLinput (}) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLinv (÷
~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLleftarrowbox (p) . . . . 37
\APLlog () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLminus (−) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLnot (∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLrightarrowbox (q) . . . . 37
\APLstar (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\APLuparrowbox (n) . . . . . . 37
\APLvert ( | ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\apprge (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\apprle (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\approx (≈) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\approxeq (u) . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Aquarius (ê) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\aquarius (e) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\AR ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
ar (package) . . . . . . . . . 36, 56
\arccos (arccos) . . . . . . . . . 27
\arcsin (arcsin) . . . . . . . . . 27
\arctan (arctan) . . . . . . . . . 27
\arg (arg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\Aries (P ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Aries (à) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\aries () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
A
y) . 39
\ArrowBoldRightCircled ({) 39
\ArrowBoldRightShort (z) . . 39
\ArrowBoldRightStrobe (w) 39
\ArrowBoldDownRight (
occurs frequently with amssymb and mathabx.
58
x
\ArrowBoldUpRight ( ) . . . 39
\Arrownot (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\arrownot (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
arrows . . . . . . . . 25, 26, 39, 48
double-headed, diagonal 51
extensible . . . . . . . 31, 32
negated . . . . . . . . . 25, 26
w
\Arrowvert (w) . . . . . . . . . 30
?
\arrowvert (?) . . . . . . . . . . 30
Arseneau, Donald . . . . . . . . 51
ASCII . . . . . . . . 6, 7, 38, 53, 56
table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
ascii (package) . . . . . . 38, 53, 56
\ascnode () . . . . . . . . . . . 36
aspect ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\ast (∗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\Asterisk () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\Asterisk ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 41
\asterisk () . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\AsteriskBold ( ) . . . . . . . 41
\AsteriskCenterOpen ( ) . . 41
\AsteriskRoundedEnds ( ) . 41
asterisks . . . . . . . . . . 17, 41, 42
\AsteriskThin ( ) . . . . . . . 41
\AsteriskThinCenterOpen ( )
. . . . . . . . . 41
astrological symbols . . . . . . . 37
astronomical symbols . . . 36, 37
\astrosun () . . . . . . . . . . 36
\asymp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\atan (atan) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\ataribox (m) . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\AtForty (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\AtNinetyFive (Ó) . . . . . . 46
atomic math objects . . . 27, 28
\AtSixty (Õ) . . . . . . . . . . 46
N
A
C
B
X
B
\B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b (esvect package option)
\b (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
¯
\babygamma (!) . . . . . . .
\backepsilon () . . . . .
\backprime (8) . . . . . . .
\backsim (v) . . . . . . . .
\backsimeq (w) . . . . . . .
\backslash (\) . . . . . . .
\bar (¯) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\barb () . . . . . . . . . . .
\bard () . . . . . . . . . . .
\bari (') . . . . . . . . . . . .
\barin (V) . . . . . . . . . .
D
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... 8
. . 32
. . 10
. . 10
. . 20
. . 33
. . 20
. . 20
30, 33
. . 31
. . 10
. . 10
. . 10
. . 29
\barl (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\barleftharpoon (Þ) . . . . . 27
\baro ( vs. <) . . . . . . . . . . 49
\baro () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\baro (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\barp (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
barred letters . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\barrightharpoon (ß) . . . . 27
\barsci (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\barscu (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\baru (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\barwedge (X) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\barwedge (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\Bat (ý) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\bbalpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\bbar (b̄) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\bbbeta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\Bbbk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
bbding (package) . 39–41, 43, 44,
49, 56, 57
\bbgamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
bbgreekl (mathbbol package option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
bbm (package) . . . . . . . . 35, 56
bbold (package) . . . . . . . 35, 56
\bbslash () . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\Beam (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\Bearing (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\because (∵) . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\BEL (•) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\bell (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\beta (β) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\betaup (β) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\beth (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\between ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\between (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Bicycle (®) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\bigast (
e) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\bigbox ( ) . . . .Ö
. . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxasterisk ( Þ
) . . . . . 18
\bigboxbackslash
(
) . . . . 18
Û
\bigboxbot ( Õ
) . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxcirc ( ) . .×
. . . . . . 18
\bigboxcoasterisk
(
) . . . 18
Ó
\bigboxdiv (Ô) . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxdot ( Ø
) . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxleft ( Ñ
) . . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxminus Ð
( ) . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxplus ( Ù
) . . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxright (Ý) . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxslash (Ò) . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxtimesÚ( ) . . . . . . . 18
\bigboxtop ( ) . . .ß
. . . . . . 18
\bigboxtriangleup
(
) . . . 18
Ü
\bigboxvoid
( ) . . . . . . . . 18
T
\bigcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\bigcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\BigCircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 42
\bigcoast () . . .. . . . . . . 17
\bigcomplementop ( ) . . . . . 18
\BigCrossS( ) . . . . . . . . . . 42
\bigcup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
%

\bigcurlyvee (b ) . . . . . . . . 18
\bigcurlyvee ( ). . . . . . . . 18
\bigcurlywedge (c ) . . . . . . 18
\bigcurlywedge ( ) . . . . . . 18
\BigDiamondshape ( ) . . . . 42
\BigHBar ( ) . . g. . . . . . . . . 42
\biginterleave ( ) . . . . . . 18
\BigLowerDiamond ( ) . . . . 42
\bignplus ( ) Æ
. . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigoasterisk ( Î
) . . . . . . . 18
\bigobackslash
( ) . . . . . . 18
Ë
\bigobot ( Å
) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigocirc ( ) . .Ç
. . . . . . . . 18
\bigocoasterisk
(
) . . . . . 18
Ã
\bigodiv (J) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigodot ( È) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\bigoleft ( Á
) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigominus L
( ) . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigoplus ( É) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\bigoright (Í) . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigoslash (N) . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigotimesÊ( ) . . . . . . . . . 17
\bigotop ( ) . . .Ï
. . . . . . . . 18
\bigotriangleup
(
) . . . . . 18
Ì
\bigovoid ( ) f . . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigparallel
( ) . . . . . . . . 18

\bigplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\BigRightDiamond
( ) . . . . 42

\bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigsqcapplus
( ) . . . . . . . 19
F
\bigsqcup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\bigsqcupplus ( ) . . . . . . . 19
\BigSquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 42
\bigsquplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . 18
\bigstar () . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\bigstar (F)
. . . . . . . . . . . 33

\bigtimes ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\BigTriangleDown (` ) . . . . 42
\bigtriangledown ( ) . `
. . . 18
\bigtriangledown (5 vs. ) 49
\bigtriangledown (5) . . . . 15
\BigTriangleLeft ( ) . . . . 42
\BigTriangleRight ( ) . . . 42
\BigTriangleUp (a ) . . . . . . 42
\bigtriangleup ( ) . .a. . . . 18
\bigtriangleup (4 vs. ) . 49
\bigtriangleup
(4) . . . . . . 15
U
\biguplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\bigvarstar () . . . . . . . . . 17
\BigVBar W
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\bigvee ( )V . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\bigwedge ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\binampersand (N) . . . . . . . 16
binary operators . . . . . . 15–17
binary relations . . . . . . . 20–24
negated . . . . . . . . . 20–22
\bindnasrepma (O) . . . . . . . 16
\Biohazard (h) . . . . . . . . . 38
biological symbols . . . . . . . . 38
&
_
/
#
!
59
"
$
blackboard bold
see alphabets,
math
\blackdiamond () . . . . . . . 17
\blacklozenge () . . . . . . . 33
\blacksmiley (-) . . . . . . . . 45
\blacksquare () . . . . . . . . 33
\blacktriangle (N) . . . . . . 33
\blacktriangledown () . . . 17
\blacktriangledown (H) . . . 33
\blacktriangleleft () . . . 17
\blacktriangleleft (J) . . . 24
\blacktriangleright () . . 17
\blacktriangleright (I) . . 24
\blacktriangleup () . . . . . 17
\Bleech (Ë) . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\blitza ( ) . . . . . . . . . 15, 27
\blitzb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\blitzc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\blitzd ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\blitze ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
body-text symbols . . . . . . 7–14
\bot (⊥) . . . . . . . . . . 15, 29, 50
\botdoteq () . . . . . . . . . . 21
\Bouquet (¥) . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\Bowtie (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\bowtie (./) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Box () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 34
\boxast (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\boxasterisk (f) . . . . . . . . 17
\boxbackslash (n) . . . . . . . 17
\boxbar (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\boxbot (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxbox () . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\boxbslash (j) . . . . . . . . . . 16
\boxcirc (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxcircle () . . . . . . . . . . 16
\boxcoasterisk (g) . . . . . . 17
\boxdiv (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxdot (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxdot ( ) . . . . . . . . . 15, 16
\boxdotLeft () . . . . . . . . 26
\boxdotleft () . . . . . . . . 26
\boxdotRight () . . . . . . . 26
\boxdotright () . . . . . . . 26
\boxempty () . . . . . . . . . . 16
\boxLeft () . . . . . . . . . . 26
\boxleft (h) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxleft () . . . . . . . . . . 26
\boxminus (a) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxminus () . . . . . . . . . . 15
\boxplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\boxRight () . . . . . . . . . 26
\boxright (i) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxright () . . . . . . . . . 26
\boxslash (m) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxslash (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\boxtimes (b) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxtimes () . . . . . . . . . . 15
\boxtop (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boxtriangleup (o) . . . . . . 17
\boxvoid (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\boy (D ) . . . . . .
\braceld (z) . . .
\bracerd ({) . . .
>
>
\bracevert (>
>)
braket (package)
\breve (˘) . . . .
\brokenvert (|) .
Bronger, Torsten
\BS () . . . . . . .
\BSEfree (n) . .
\bullet (•) . . . .
\Bumpedeq () .
\bumpedeq () .
\Bumpeq (m) . . .
\bumpeq (l) . . .
.
.
.
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37
52
52
30
30
31
45
50
38
38
15
21
21
20
20
C
c (esvect package option) . . . 32
\c (a̧) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 55
\CAN (↑) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\Cancer (ã) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\cancer (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Cap (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\cap (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\cap (∩) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\Capricorn (é) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\capricornus (d) . . . . . . . . 37
card suits . . . . . . . . . 33, 34, 44
cardinality . . . . . . . see \aleph
caret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \^
Carlisle, David . . . . . . . . 1, 54
carriage return . . . . . . . 38, 48
\carriagereturn ( ) . . . . . 43
\cdot (·) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\cdotp (·) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\cdots (· · ·) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Cedi . see \textcolonmonetary
cedilla . . . . . . . . . . see accents
\Celtcross (‡) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\cent (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\centerdot () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\centerdot () . . . . . . . . . . 15
cents . . . . . . . . . see \textcent
\CEsign (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\changenotsign . . . . . . . . . 22
\char . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 48
\check (ˇ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
check marks . . . . . . . 40, 41, 43
\checked () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\CheckedBox (2
) . . . . . . . . . 41
\Checkedbox (V) . . . . . . . . . 43
\Checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . . . 40
\checkmark (X) . . . . . . . . . 14
\checkmark (X vs. ) . . . . . 49
\checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . . . 43
\CheckmarkBold ( ) . . . . . . 40
\chi (χ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\chiup (χ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\circ (◦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\circeq ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\CIRCLE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
C
!
D
D
"
5
\Circle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Circle (# vs. ) . . . . . . . 49
\Circle (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\circlearrowleft (ö) . . . . 26
\circlearrowleft () . . . . 25
\circlearrowright (÷) . . . . 26
\circlearrowright () . . . . 25
circled numbers . . . . . . . . . . 41
\CircledA (ª) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\circledast (~) . . . . . . . . . 15
\circledbar (V) . . . . . . . . . 16
\circledbslash (W) . . . . . . 16
\circledcirc (}) . . . . . . . . 15
\circleddash () . . . . . . . . 15
\circleddot . . . . . . see \odot
\circleddotleft () . . . . 26
\circleddotright () . . . . 26
\circledgtr (S) . . . . . . . . . 21
\circledless (R) . . . . . . . . 21
\circledminus . . . see \ominus
\circledotleft . . . . . . . . see
\circleddotleft
\circledotright . . . . . . . see
\circleddotright
\circledplus . . . . . see \oplus
\circledR (r) . . . . . . . 14, 29
\circledS (s) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\circledslash . . . see \oslash
\circledtimes . . . see \otimes
\circledvee (U) . . . . . . . . . 16
\circledwedge (T) . . . . . . . 16
\circleleft () . . . . . . . . 26
\circleright () . . . . . . . 26
circles . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 43, 45
\CircleShadow ( ) . . . . . . . 43
\CircleSolid ( ) . . . . . . . . 43
\Circpipe (›) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\circplus () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\Circsteel (•) . . . . . . . . . 38
circumflex . . . . . . . see accents
\CleaningA («) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\CleaningF (¾) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\CleaningFF (¿) . . . . . . . . . 46
\CleaningP (¬) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\CleaningPP () . . . . . . . . . 46
\clickb (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\clickc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\clickt (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\clock () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
clock symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\Clocklogo (U) . . . . . . . . . . 43
\closedniomega (?) . . . . . . 10
\closedrevepsilon () . . . . 10
\Cloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
clovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 42
clubs (suit) . . . . . . . . 33, 34, 44
\clubsuit (♣) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\coAsterisk () . . . . . . . . . 17
\coasterisk () . . . . . . . . . 17
\Coffeecup (K) . . . . . . . . . 43
\colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\colon (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5
d
a
60
\Colonapprox () . . . . . . . 21
\colonapprox () . . . . . . . . 21
\Coloneq (H) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\coloneq () . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\coloneq (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\Coloneqq (F) . . . . . . . . . . 21
\coloneqq (B) . . . . . . . 15, 21
\Colonsim () . . . . . . . . . . 21
\colonsim () . . . . . . . . . . 21
communication symbols . . . . 38
comp.text.tex (newsgroup) . 6,
15, 50, 51
\complement (A) . . . . . . . . . 29
\complement ({) . . . . . . . . . 29
complex numbers (C) . . . . see
alphabets, math
Comprehensive TEX Archive Network . . . . . . . . . 1, 6, 54,
56
computer hardware symbols . 37
\ComputerMouse (Í) . . . . . . . 37
\cong () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\conjunction (V) . . . . . . . . 37
contradiction symbols . . 15, 27
control characters . . . . . . . . 38
\convolution
(
) . . . . . . . . 17
`
\coprod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\copyright (©) . . . . . . . . . . 7
\corner (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\Corresponds (=) . . . . . . . . 34
\corresponds () . . . . . . . . 21
\cos (cos) . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 53
\cosh (cosh) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\cot (cot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\coth (coth) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
CP1252 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\CR (♪) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Cross († vs. vs. ) . . . . . 49
\Cross (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
\crossb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\CrossBoldOutline ( ) . . . . 40
\CrossClowerTips ( ) . . . . 40
\crossd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\Crossedbox (X) . . . . . . . . . 43
crosses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 46
\crossh (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\CrossMaltese ( ) . . . . . . . 40
\crossnilambda (3) . . . . . . 10
\CrossOpenShadow ( ) . . . . . 40
\CrossOutline ( ) . . . . . . . 40
crucifixes . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 46
\csc (csc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
CTAN
see Comprehensive TEX
Archive Network
\Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 48
cube root . . . . . . . . see \sqrt
\Cup (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\cup (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
*
* 4
.
,
+
\cup (∪) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\curlyc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\curlyeqprec (¶) . . . . . . . . 21
\curlyeqprec (2) . . . . . . . . 20
\curlyeqsucc (·) . . . . . . . . 21
\curlyeqsucc (3) . . . . . . . . 20
\curlyesh (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\curlyvee (O) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\curlyvee (g) . . . . . . . . . . 15
\curlyveedownarrow (.) . . . 16
\curlyveeuparrow (/) . . . . . 16
\curlywedge (N) . . . . . . . . . 17
\curlywedge (f) . . . . . . . . . 15
\curlywedgedownarrow (') . 16
\curlywedgeuparrow (&) . . . 16
\curlyyogh (a) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\curlyz (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\currency (¤) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
currency symbols . . . . . . 12, 13
\curvearrowbotleft (ó) . . 26
\curvearrowbotleftright (õ)
. . . . . . . . . 26
\curvearrowbotright (ô) . . 26
\curvearrowleft (ð) . . . . . 26
\curvearrowleft (x) . . . . . 25
\curvearrowleftright (ò) . 26
\curvearrowright (ñ) . . . . 26
\curvearrowright (y) . . . . 25
\Cutleft (s) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\Cutline (r) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\Cutright (q) . . . . . . . . . . 39
D
d (esvect package option) .
\d (a.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\dag () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\dagger (†) . . . . . . . . . . .
\daleth (k) . . . . . . . . . .
dangerous bend symbols .
\dasharrow . . . . . . . . . . .
\dashrightarrow
R
\dashint (− ) . . . . . . . . .
\dashleftarrow (c) . . . .
\dashleftrightarrow (e)
\dashrightarrow (d) . . .
\DashV ()) . . . . . . . . . . .
\Dashv ()) . . . . . . . . . . .
\dashv (a) . . . . . . . . . . .
\dashVv (-) . . . . . . . . . .
\davidsstar (C) . . . . . . .
\DavidStar ( ) . . . . . . .
\DavidStarSolid ( ) . . .
\dbar (¯
d) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\dbend () . . . . . . . . . .
\DCa () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\DCb () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\DCc (‼) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\DCd (¶) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ddag () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ddagger (‡)R . . . . . . . . . .
\ddashint (= ) . . . . . . . . .
....
\ddddot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .
0
/
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32
10
. 7
15
29
43
see
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51
25
26
25
21
21
20
21
41
41
41
50
43
38
38
38
38
. 7
15
51
31
...
\dddot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\ddot (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
.
\ddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . 33, 51
\DeclareMathOperator . . . . 53
\DeclareMathOperator* . . . 53
definition symbols . . . . . . . . 15
\deg (deg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\degree (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
degrees . . . . . see \textdegree
\DEL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\Deleatur . . . . . see \Denarius
delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
variable-sized . . . . . . . . 30
\Delta (∆) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\delta (δ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\deltaup (δ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\Denarius (¢) . . . . . . . . . . 13
\dental (ag ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\descnode () . . . . . . . . . . 36
\det (det) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\DH (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\DH (Ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\dh (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\dh (ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
diacritics . . . . . . . . see accents
diæresis . . . . . . . . see accents
\diagdown (å) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\diagdown () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\diagup (ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\diagup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\diameter (I) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\diameter () . . . . . . . . . . 45
\Diamond (^) . . . . . . . . 33, 34
\diamond () . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\Diamondblack (_) . . . . . . . 34
\Diamonddot () . . . . . . . . . 34
\DiamonddotLeft () . . . . 26
\Diamonddotleft () . . . . 26
\DiamonddotRight () . . . . 26
\Diamonddotright () . . . . 26
\DiamondLeft () . . . . . . . 26
\Diamondleft () . . . . . . . 26
\DiamondRight () . . . . . . 26
\Diamondright () . . . . . . 26
diamonds . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 43
diamonds (suit) . . . . . 33, 34, 44
\DiamondShadowA ( ) . . . . . 42
\DiamondShadowB ( ) . . . . . 42
\DiamondShadowC ( ) . . . . . 42
\Diamondshape ( ) . . . . . . . 42
\DiamondSolid ( ) . . . . . . . 43
\diamondsuit (♦) . . . . . . . . 33
\diatop . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 52
\diaunder . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 52
dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 48
dictionary symbols . see phonetic
symbols
\digamma (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
circled . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6
p
61
Mayan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
old-style . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
segmented . . . . . . . . . . 36
\dim (dim) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\ding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 39–44
dingautolist . . . . . . . . . . . 41
dingbat (package) 39, 40, 43, 49,
56, 57
dingbat symbols . . . . . . 39–44
\div (÷) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\divdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\divideontimes () . . . . . . 17
\divideontimes (>) . . . . . . 15
\divides () . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
division times . . . . . . . . . . see
\divideontimes
\DJ (Ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\dj () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\dlbari (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\DLE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\dlsh (ê) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
does not exist . . . see \nexists
dollar sign . . . . . . . . . . . see \$
\Dontwash (Ý) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\dot ( ˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
dot symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\dotdiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\Doteq . . . . . . . see \doteqdot
\doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\doteqdot (+) . . . . . . . . . . 20
dotless i (ı)
math mode . . . . . . 31, 33
text mode . . . . . . . . . . 10
dotless j ()
math mode . . . . . . 31, 33
text mode . . . . . . . . . . 10
\dotplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\dotplus (u) . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\dots (. . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
dots (ellipses) . . . . . . 7, 33, 51
\dotsb (· · ·) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\dotsc (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\dotseq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\dotsi (· · ·) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\dotsint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\dotsm (· · ·) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\dotso (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\dottimes () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\doublebarwedge (Z) . . . . . 17
\doublebarwedge ([) . . . . . . 15
\doublecap . . . . . . . . see \Cap
\doublecap (\) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\doublecup . . . . . . . . see \Cup
\doublecup (]) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\DOWNarrow (L) . . . . . . . . . . 45
\Downarrow (⇓) . . . . . . . 25, 30
\downarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\downarrow (↓) . . . . . . . 25, 30
\downbracketfill . . . . . . . . 52
\downdownarrows (Ó) . . . . . 26
\downdownarrows () . . . . . 25
\downdownharpoons (Û) . . . . 27
Downes, Michael J. . . . . 28, 57
\downharpoonleft (å) .
\downharpoonleft () .
\downharpoonright (ç)
\downharpoonright ()
\downp (u) . . . . . . . . . .
\downparenthfill . . . .
\downt (m) . . . . . . . . . .
\downtouparrow (ÿ) . .
\downuparrows (×) . . .
\downupharpoons (ë) . .
\drsh (ë) . . . . . . . . . .
dsfont (package) . . . . .
\dz () . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
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..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35,
...
E
e (esvect package option) . . .
e-TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Earth (C ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Earth (Ê) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\earth (♁) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Ecommerce () . . . . . . . . .
\EightAsterisk ( ) . . . . . .
\EightFlowerPetal ( ) . . .
\EightFlowerPetalRemoved (
. . . . . . . . . 41
\eighthnote () . . . . . . . . .
\EightStar ( ) . . . . . . . . .
\EightStarBold ( ) . . . . . .
\EightStarConvex ( ) . . . .
\EightStarTaper ( ) . . . . .
\ejective (e) . . . . . . . . . . .
electrical symbols . . . . . . . .
\ell (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Ellipse ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .
ellipses (dots) . . . . . . 7, 33,
ellipses (ovals) . . . . . . . . . . .
\EllipseShadow ( ) . . . . . .
\EllipseSolid ( ) . . . . . . .
\EM (↓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Email (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Emailct (z) . . . . . . . . . . .
\emptyset (∅) . . . . . . . . . . .
\eng (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
engineering symbols . . . . 36,
\ENQ (♣) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Envelope ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .
\EOT (♦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\epsilon () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\epsilonup () . . . . . . . . . .
\eqbumped () . . . . . . . . . .
\eqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\eqcirc (P) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Eqcolon (I) . . . . . . . . . . .
\eqcolon () . . . . . . . . . . .
\eqcolon (E) . . . . . . . . . . .
\Eqqcolon (G) . . . . . . . . . .
\eqqcolon (C) . . . . . . . . . .
\eqsim (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\eqslantgtr (·) . . . . . . . . .
\eqslantgtr (1) . . . . . . . . .
Z
H
I
F
E
b
e
c
S
27
25
27
25
12
52
12
26
26
27
26
56
10
32
30
37
36
36
13
41
41
)
Y
45
41
41
41
41
10
36
29
43
51
43
43
43
38
38
38
33
10
38
38
44
38
28
28
21
21
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
24
23
\eqslantless (¶) . . . . . . . . 24
\eqslantless (0) . . . . . . . . 23
\equiv (≡) . . . . . . . . . . 15, 20
\er () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\ESC (←) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
escapable characters . . . . . . . 7
\esh (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
esint (package) . . . . . . . . 19, 56
\Estatically (J) . . . . . . . . 38
esvect (package) . . . . . . . 32, 56
\eta (η) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\etaup (η) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\ETB () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\eth (ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\eth () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\ETX (♥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
eufrak (package) . . . . . . . . . 35
\EUR (e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\EURcr (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\EURdig (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\EURhv (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\euro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
euro signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
eurosym (package) . . . 13, 56, 57
\EURtm (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
euscript (package) . . . 35, 56, 57
exclusive or . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\exists (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\exists (∃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\exp (exp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\Explosionsafe (`) . . . . . . 38
extensible accents 31, 32, 51–52
extensible arrows . . . . . . 31, 32
extension characters . . . . . . 27
\eye (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\EyesDollar (¦) . . . . . . . . . 13
E
F
f (esvect package option) .
\fallingdotseq () . . . .
\fallingdotseq (;) . . . .
\FallingEdge ( ) . . . . . .
\fatbslash ()) . . . . . . . .
\fatsemi (#) . . . . . . . . . .
\fatslash (() . . . . . . . . .
\FAX (u) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\fax (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Faxmachine (v) . . . . . .
fc (package) . . . . . . . . . .
fclfont (package) . . . . . . .
\FEMALE () . . . . . . . . . .
\Female (~) . . . . . . . . . .
\female (♀) . . . . . . . . . . .
\FemaleFemale („) . . . . .
\FemaleMale (…) . . . . . . .
\FF (♀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\FHBOLOGO (f) . . . . . . . . .
\FHBOlogo (F) . . . . . . . . .
\FilledBigCircle ( ) . .
\FilledBigDiamondshape (
\FilledBigSquare ( ) . .
\FilledBigTriangleDown (
!
U
P
62
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
8,
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
)
..
)
V
S
32
21
20
36
16
16
16
38
38
38
10
56
38
38
38
38
38
38
46
46
42
42
42
42
R
T
\FilledBigTriangleLeft ( ) 42
\FilledBigTriangleRight ( )
. . . . . . . . . 42
\FilledBigTriangleUp ( ) . 42
\FilledCircle ( ) . . . . . . . 42
\FilledCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . 46
\FilledDiamondShadowA ( ) 42
\FilledDiamondShadowC ( ) 42
\FilledDiamondshape ( ) . . 42
\FilledHut ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 47
\FilledRainCloud ( ) . . . . 46
\FilledSectioningDiamond ( )
. . . . . . . . . 47
\FilledSmallCircle ( ) . . 42
\FilledSmallDiamondshape ( )
. . . . . . . . . 42
\FilledSmallSquare ( ) . . 42
\FilledSmallTriangleDown ( )
. . . . . . . . . 42
\FilledSmallTriangleLeft ( )
. . . . . . . . . 42
\FilledSmallTriangleRight
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\FilledSmallTriangleUp ( ) 42
\FilledSnowCloud ( ) . . . . 46
\FilledSquare ( ) . . . . . . . 42
\FilledSquareShadowA ( ) . 42
\FilledSquareShadowC ( ) . 42
Q
e
f
!
u
v
p
s
r
t
`
q
$
C
\filledsquarewithdots ( )
\FilledSunCloud ( ) . . . . .
\FilledTriangleDown ( ) . .
\FilledTriangleLeft ( ) . .
\FilledTriangleRight ( ) .
\FilledTriangleUp ( ) . . .
\FilledWeakRainCloud
( ) .
>
\fint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\fint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Finv (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Finv (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Fire ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\FiveFlowerOpen ( ) . . . . .
\FiveFlowerPetal ( ) . . . .
\FiveStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\FiveStarCenterOpen ( ) . .
\FiveStarConvex ( ) . . . . .
\FiveStarLines ( ) . . . . . .
\FiveStarOpen ( ) . . . . . . .
\FiveStarOpenCircled ( ) .
\FiveStarOpenDotted ( ) . .
\FiveStarOutline ( ) . . . .
\FiveStarOutlineHeavy ( )
\FiveStarShadow ( ) . . . . .
\Fixedbearing (%) . . . . . . .
\Flag ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
#
8
c
b
d
a
"
R
P
?
7
9
;
:
<
=
>
@
43
46
42
42
42
42
46
19
19
29
29
47
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
38
47
\flapr (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\flat ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 45
\Flatsteel (–) . . . . . . . . . . 38
flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 42
\Fog ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
font encodings . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
document . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Latin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
limiting scope of . . . . . . . 6
LY1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
OT1 . . . . . . . 6, 7, 10, 53
T1 . . . . . . . 6–8, 10, 53, 54
T4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 10
fontdef.dtx (file) . . . . . 48, 51
fontenc (package) . . . 6–8, 10, 54
\fontencoding . . . . . . . . . . . 6
fonts, PostScript
Courier . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Helvetica . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Zapf Chancery . . . . . . . 35
Zapf Dingbats . . . . 39, 41
\Football (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\forall (∀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Force (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\Forward (·) . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\ForwardToEnd (¸) . . . . . . . 46
\ForwardToIndex (¹) . . . . 46
\FourAsterisk ( ) . . . . . . . 41
\FourClowerOpen ( ) . . . . . 41
\FourClowerSolid ( ) . . . . 41
Fourier transform (F) . . . . see
alphabets, math
\FourStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 41
\FourStarOpen ( ) . . . . . . . 41
\fourth (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
fraktur . . . see alphabets, math
\frown (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\frownie (/) . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\Frowny (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\FS (└) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\FullFHBO () . . . . . . . . . . 46
\fullmoon (M ) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\fullmoon (#) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\fullnote () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
1
5
V
W
6
G
\G (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
g (esvect package option) . . . 32
\Game (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Game (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Gamma (Γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\gamma (γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\gammaup (γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\gcd (gcd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \geq
\Gemini (R ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Gemini (â) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\gemini (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
genealogical symbols . . . . . . 45
\geneuro (A
C) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\geneuronarrow (B
C) . . . . . . 13
\geneurowide (C
C) . . . . . . . . 13
\Gentsroom (x) . . . . . . . . . . 43
geometric shapes . . . . . . 42, 43
\geq (¥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\geq (≥) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 24
\geqq (¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\geqq (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\geqslant (>) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\gets . . . . . . . see \leftarrow
\gg (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\gg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\ggcurly (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\ggg (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ggg (≫ vs. Ï) . . . . . . . . . 49
\ggg (≫) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\gggtr . . . . . . . . . . . see \ggg
\gimel (‫ )ג‬. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\girl (B ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\glotstop (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\gluon (QPPPPPPR) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\gnapprox (Ë) . . . . . . . . . . 24
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\gneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\gneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\gneqq (³) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\gneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\gnsim (Å) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\grave (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
greater-than sign see inequalities
Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 35
\GS (↔) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtrapprox (Ç) . . . . . . . . . . 24
\gtrapprox (') . . . . . . . . . . 23
\gtrdot (Í) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\gtrdot (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\gtreqless (½) . . . . . . . . . . 24
\gtreqless (R) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\gtreqqless (¿) . . . . . . . . . 24
\gtreqqless (T) . . .
\gtrless (») . . . . .
\gtrless (≷) . . . . .
\gtrsim (Á) . . . . . .
\gtrsim (&) . . . . . .
\guillemotleft () .
\guillemotright ()
\guilsinglleft () .
\guilsinglright ()
\gvertneqq (µ) . . . .
\gvertneqq () . . . .
.
.
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H
\H (a̋) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
h (esvect package option)
háček . . . . . . . . . . see
\Hail ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .
\HalfCircleLeft ( ) . . .
s
63
r)
\HalfCircleRight (
\HalfFilledHut ( )
\halflength (p) . .
\halfnote () . . . .
...
....
.....
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
43
47
12
45
\HalfSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Hamiltonian (H) see alphabets,
math
\HandCuffLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 40
\HandCuffLeftUp () . . . . .
\HandCuffRight () . . . . . .
\HandCuffRightUp () . . . .
\HandLeft () . . . . . . . . . .
\HandLeftUp () . . . . . . . .
\HandPencilLeft () . . . . .
\HandRight () . . . . . . . . .
\HandRightUp () . . . . . . .
hands . . . . . . .
\Handwash (Ü)
harpoons . . . . .
\hash (#) . . . .
hash mark . . . .
\hat (ˆ) . . . . .
.
.
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...
...
25,
...
see
...
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
46
27
34
\#
31
. 23
. 24
. 23
. 24
. 23
8, 55
8, 55
... 8
... 8
. . 24
. . 23
\HBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\hbar (~) . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 50
\Heart (Œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
hearts (suit) . . . . . . . 33, 34, 44
\heartsuit (♥) . . . . . . . . . . 33
Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Helvetica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\HERMAPHRODITE () . . . . . . 38
\Hermaphrodite (}) . . . . . . 38
\hexagon (7) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Hexasteel (’) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\hexstar (A) . . . . . . . . . . . 41
\HF ( :
: ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Hilbert space (H) see alphabets,
math
Holt, Alexander . . . . . . . . 1, 56
\hom (hom) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\hookb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\hookd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\hookg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\hookh ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\hookheng (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\hookleftarrow (←-) . . . . . . 25
\hookrevepsilon () . . . . . . 10
\hookrightarrow (,→) . . . . . 25
\hslash (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\HT () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Hungarian umlaut . see accents
\Hut ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\hv (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
. . . 10
. . . 32
accents
. . . 46
. . . 43
I
\i (ı) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
IBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 53
\IceMountain ( ) . . . . . . . . 47
'
\idotsint (
) . . . . . 18, 19
\iff . see \Longleftrightarrow
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ifsym (package) . 36, 42, 46, 47,
49, %
56, 57
\iiiint (
) . . . . . . . . 18, 19
\iiiint µ
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\iiint (# ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 18, 19
\iiint ´
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\iint (! ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 19
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Im (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\imath (ı) . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 31
\impliedby see \Longleftarrow
\implies
see \Longrightarrow
\in (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\in (∈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Industry (I) . . . . . . . . . . 43
inequalities . . . . . . . . . . 23, 24
\inf (inf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\Info (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
information symbols . . . . . . 43
\infty (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\infty (∞) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\injlim (inj lim) . . . . . . . . . 28
\inplus
(A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
³
\int (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\int ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
integers (Z) see alphabets, math
integrals . . . . . . . 17–19, 50–51
\intercal (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\interleave (9) . . . . . . . . . 16
intersection . . . . . . . . see \cap
\Interval ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 47
\inva ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\invamp (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\invdiameter () . . . . . . . . 45
\inve (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\invf (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\invglotstop (d) . . . . . . . . 10
\invh (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\invlegr (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\invm (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\invneg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\invr (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\invscr (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\invscripta () . . . . . . . . . 10
\invv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\invw (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\invy (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\iota (ι) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\iotaup (ι) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\ipagamma ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\IroningI (¯) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\IroningII (°) . . . . . . . . . 46
\IroningIII (±) . . . . . . . . 46
\Irritant ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 47
\ismodeledby (=|) . . . . . . . . 50
ISO character entities . . . . . 54
isoent (package) . . . . . . . . . . 54

J
\j () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2
\JackStar ( ) .
\JackStarBold (
Jewish star . . . .
\jmath () . . . . .
\Joch ( ) . . . . .
\Join (Z) . . . . .
\joinrel . . . . .
\Jupiter (E ) . .
\Jupiter (Å) . . .
\jupiter (X) . .
. . . . . . . . . 41
41
. . . . . . . . . 41
. . . . . . 29, 31
. . . . . . . . . 47
. . . . . . . . . 20
. . . . . . . . . 50
. . . . . . . . . 37
. . . . . . . . . 36
. . . . . . . . . 36
3) . . . . . . .
K
\k ( ) . . . . . . . . .
\kappa (κ) . . . . .
\kappaup (κ) . . . .
\ker (ker) . . . . . .
\Keyboard (Ï) . .
Knuth, Donald E.
symbols by . .
\kreuz (6) . . . . .
\Kutline (R) . . .
.
.
.
.
.
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..
..
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6,
..
...
...
..
..
..
..
..
53,
43,
..
..
10
28
28
27
37
57
45
45
39
L
\L (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\l (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\labdentalnas (4) . . . . . . . 10
\Ladiesroom (y) . . . . . . . . . 43
Lagrangian (L) . see alphabets,
math
\Lambda (Λ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\lambda (λ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\lambdabar (o) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\lambdaslash (n) . . . . . . . . 34
\lambdaup (λ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Lamport, Leslie . . . . . . . 54, 57
\land . . . . . . . . . . . see \wedge
\landdownint ( ) . . . . . . . . 19
\landupint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Langle (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\langle (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Laplace transform (L) . . . . see
alphabets, math
#
%
W)
\largepencil (
. . . . . . . 39
\Laserbeam (a) . . . . . . . . 38
LATEX 1, 6, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 39,
48, 50–52, 54, 56, 57
LATEX 2ε . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 6,
7, 13–15, 20, 22, 25, 31, 33,
46, 48, 49, 51, 53–55, 57
latexsym (package) 15, 20, 22, 25,
33, 48, 56, 57
\latfric (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Latin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 53, 56
table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
laundry symbols . . . . . . . . . 46
\Lbag (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\lbag (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\lbbbrack (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\Lbrack ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
LCD digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\lceil (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
64
\lcm (lcm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\lcorners (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\ldotp (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\ldots (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \leq
\leadsto ({) . . . . . . . . 20, 25
\left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\LEFTarrow () . . . . . . . . . . 45
\Leftarrow (⇐) . . . . . . 15, 25
\leftarrow (Ð) . . . . . . . . . 26
\leftarrow (←) . . . . . . . . . 25
\leftarrowtail () . . . . . . 25
\leftarrowtriangle (^) . . 26
\leftbarharpoon (Ü) . . . . . 27
\LEFTCIRCLE (G) . . . . . . . . . 45
\LEFTcircle (G
#) . . . . . . . . . 45
\Leftcircle (I) . . . . . . . . . 45
\leftharpoondown (â) . . . . 27
\leftharpoondown ()) . . . . 25
\leftharpoonup (à) . . . . . . 27
\leftharpoonup (() . . . . . . 25
\leftleftarrows (Ð) . . . . . 26
\leftleftarrows (⇔) . . . . . 25
\leftleftharpoons (Ø) . . . 27
\leftmoon (K ) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\leftmoon ($) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\leftp (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\leftpointright (
) . . . . 40
\Leftrightarrow (⇔) . . . . . 25
\leftrightarrow (Ø) . . . . . 26
\leftrightarrow (↔) . . . . . 25
\leftrightarroweq (-) . . . . 26
\leftrightarrows (Ô) . . . . 26
\leftrightarrows () . . . . 25
\leftrightarrowtriangle (])
. . . . . . . . . 26
\leftrightharpoon (à) . . . 27
\leftrightharpoons (è) . . 27
\leftrightharpoons () . . 25
\leftrightsquigarrow (ú) 26
\leftrightsquigarrow (!) 25
\Leftscissors (S) . . . . . . . 39
\leftslice (2) . . . . . . . . . . 16
\leftsquigarrow (ø) . . . . 26
\leftsquigarrow (f) . . . . . 26
\leftt (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\leftthreetimes ($) . . . . . 34
\leftthreetimes (h) . . . . . 15
\leftthumbsdown (
) . . . . 40
\leftthumbsup (
) . . . . . . 40
\lefttorightarrow (ü) . . . 26
\Lefttorque (&) . . . . . . . . 38
\leftturn (") . . . . . . . . . . 45
\legm (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\legr (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\length (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\Leo (ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\leo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\leq (¤) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\leq (≤) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 24
\leqq (®) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\leqq (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\leqslant (6) . . . . . . . . . . 23
R
D
U
less-than sign . .
\lessapprox (Æ)
\lessapprox (/)
\lessdot (Ì) . .
\lessdot (l) . .
\lesseqgtr (¼) .
\lesseqgtr (Q) .
\lesseqqgtr (¾)
see
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
\lesseqqgtr (S) .
\lessgtr (º) . . .
\lessgtr (≶) . . .
\lesssim (À) . . .
\lesssim (.) . . .
\Letter ( ) . . . .
\Letter (B vs. )
\Letter (B) . . . .
letter-like symbols
letters . . . . . . . . .
barred . . . . .
non-ASCII . .
variant Latin
\LF (
) . . . . . . . .
\lfilet (7) . . . . .
inequalities
. . . . . . 24
. . . . . . 23
. . . . . . 24
. . . . . . 23
. . . . . . 24
. . . . . . 23
. . . . . . 24
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . 23
. . . . . . . 24
. . . . . . . 23
. . . . . . . 24
. . . . . . . 23
. . . . . . . 47
. . . . . . . 49
. . . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . . 29
see alphabets
. . . . . . . . 50
......... 7
. . . . . . . . 28
. . . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . . 30
\lfloor (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\lg (lg) . 8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\lgroup (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\LHD () . . . . . . . . .
\lhd (C) . . . . . . . . .
\lhdbend (~) . . . .
\Libra (æ) . . . . . . .
\libra (a) . . . . . .
\Lightning (E vs. )
\Lightning (E) . . . .
\Lightning ( ) . . .
\lightning ( vs. )
\lightning ( ) . . . .
\lightning () . . . .
\lim (lim) . . . . . . . .
\liminf (lim inf) . . .
\limsup (lim sup) . .
\Lineload (L) . . . .
linguistic symbols . .
\lJoin (X) . . . . . . .
\ll (!) . . . . . . . . . .
\ll () . . . . . . . . .
\llap . . . . . . . . . . .
\llbracket (~) . . . .
\llceil (V) . . . . . . .
\llcorner (z) . . . . .
\llcorner (x) . . . . .
\llcurly (Î) . . . . .
\Lleftarrow (W) . .
\llfloor (T) . . . . . .
\lll (Î) . . . . . . . . .
\lll (≪ vs. Î) . . .
\lll (≪) . . . . . . . .
\llless . . . . . . . . .
\llparenthesis
(L) .
8
\lmoustache (;)
\ln (ln)
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. . . . 16
. 15, 16
. . . . 43
. . . . 37
. . . . 37
. . . . 49
. . . . 38
. . . . 46
. . . . 49
. . . . 26
. . . . 45
. 27, 53
. . . . 27
. . . . 27
. . . . 38
. . 8–10
. . . . 21
. . . . 24
. . . . 23
. . . . 51
. . . . 30
. . . . 29
. . . . 29
. . . . 29
. . . . 21
. . . . 25
. . . . 29
. . . . 24
. . . . 49
. . . . 23
see \lll
. . . . 29
. . . . . . . . 30
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\lnapprox (Ê) . . . . . . . . . . 24
\lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\lneq (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\lneqq (²) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\lnot . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg
\lnsim (Ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\log (log) . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 53
log-like symbols . . . . . . . 27, 28
logical operators
and . . . . . . . . . see \wedge
not . . . . . . . . . . see \neg
or . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\logof () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Longleftarrow (⇐=) . . . . . 25
\longleftarrow (←−) . . . . . 25
\Longleftrightarrow . . . . . 46
\Longleftrightarrow (⇐⇒) 25
\longleftrightarrow (←→) 25
\Longmapsfrom (⇐=\) . . . . . . 26
\longmapsfrom (←−[) . . . . . . 26
\Longmapsto (=⇒) . . . . . . . 26
\longmapsto (7−→) . . . . . . . 25
\LongPulseHigh (
) . . . . . 36
\LongPulseLow (
) . . . . . 36
\Longrightarrow (=⇒) . . . . 25
\longrightarrow (−→) . . . . 25
\looparrowdownleft (î) . . 26
\looparrowdownright (ï) . . 26
\looparrowleft (ì) . . . . . . 26
\looparrowleft (") . . . . . . 25
\looparrowright (í) . . . . . 26
\looparrowright (#) . . . . . 25
\Loosebearing ($) . . . . . . . 38
\lor . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\LowerDiamond ( ) . . . . . . . 42
\lozenge (♦) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Lparen (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\lrcorner ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\lrcorner (y) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\lrJoin . . . . . . . . . see \Join
\lrtimes (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\Lsh (è) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\Lsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\Lsteel (™) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ltimes (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\ltimes (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\lvertneqq (´) . . . . . . . . . . 24
\lvertneqq ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\lz (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
&
'
o
M
\M . . . . . . . . .
\m . . . . . . . . .
macron . . . . .
majuscules . .
\makeatletter
\makeatother
\MALE (‚) . . .
\Male (|) . . .
\male (♂) . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
65
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....
....
see
....
....
....
....
....
....
.... 8
.... 8
accents
. . . 28
. . . 51
. . . 51
. . . 38
. . . 38
. . . 38
\MaleMale (ƒ) . . . . . . . . . .
\maltese (z) . . . . . . . . . . .
\manboldkidney () . . . . . . .
\manconcentriccircles ($)
\manconcentricdiamond (%)
\mancone (#) . . . . . . . . . . .
\mancube () . . . . . . . . . . .
\manerrarrow (y) . . . . . . .
\manfilledquartercircle (!)
manfnt (package) . 43, 45, 56,
\manhpennib () . . . . . . . . .
\manimpossiblecube () . . .
\mankidney () . . . . . . . . . .
\manlhpenkidney () . . . . . .
\manpenkidney () . . . . . . .
38
14
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
57
45
45
45
45
45
\manquadrifolium (&) . . . . 45
\manquartercircle ( ) . . . . 45
\manrotatedquadrifolium (')
. . . . . . . . . 45
\manrotatedquartercircle (")
. . . . . . . . . 45
\manstar () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\mantiltpennib () . . . . . . 45
\mantriangledown (7) . . . . . 45
\mantriangleright (x) . . . . 45
\mantriangleup (6) . . . . . . 45
\manvpennib () . . . . . . . . . . 45
\Mappedfromchar () . . . . . . . 27
\mappedfromchar () . . . . . . . 27
\Mapsfrom (⇐\) . . . . . . . . . . 26
\mapsfrom (←[) . . . . . . . . . . 26
\Mapsfromchar (û) . . . . . . . . 27
\Mapsfromchar (\) . . . . . . . . 27
\mapsfromchar (ß) . . . . . . . . 27
\mapsfromchar ([) . . . . . . . . 27
\Mapsto (⇒) . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\mapsto (7→) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\Mapstochar (ú) . . . . . . . . . . 27
\Mapstochar () . . . . . . . . . . 27
\mapstochar (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . 27
\Mars (D ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Mars (Ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\mars (♂) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\MartinVogel (ÿ) . . . . . . . . 46
marvosym (package) . . . . 13, 34,
36–39, 43, 46, 49, 56, 57
matbbol (package) . . . . . . . . 35
math alphabets . . . . . . . . . . 35
mathabx (package) . . . . . 17, 18,
20–24, 26, 27, 29–32, 34, 37,
43, 48, 49, 56, 58
\mathbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\mathbbm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\mathbbmss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\mathbbmtt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
mathbbol (package) . . . . . . . 35
\mathbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
mathcal (euscript package option)
. . . . . . . . . 35
\mathcal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\mathcent (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\mathchoice . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\mathclose . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
mathcomp (package) . . . 34, 56
\mathds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
mathematical symbols . . 15–35
\mathfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\mathit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\mathnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\mathop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\mathopen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\mathord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\mathpunct . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\mathpzc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\mathrel . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 52
\mathring (˚) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\mathrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
mathrsfs (package) . . . . . 35, 56
mathscr (euscript package option)
. . . . . . . . . 35
\mathscr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\mathsterling (£) . . . . . . . . 29
\max (max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\mbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\measuredangle (>) . . . . . . 34
\measuredangle (]) . . . . . . 33
\medbullet () . . . . . . . . . . 16
\medcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\Mercury (A ) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Mercury (Â) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\mercury (') . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\merge (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
METAFONTbook symbols . . . 45
\mho (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 34
Microsoft Windows . . . . . . . 54
\mid (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\midtilde ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\min (min) . . . . . . . . . . 27, 53
\minuso (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
miscellaneous symbols . . 33, 34,
43–47
“Missing $ inserted” . . . . 15
\Mmappedfromchar () . . . . . . 27
\mmappedfromchar () . . . . . . 27
\Mmapstochar () . . . . . . . . . 27
\mmapstochar () . . . . . . . . . 27
\Mobilefone (H) . . . . . . . . . 38
\mod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\models (|=) . . . . . . . 20, 48, 50
\moo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\Moon (K ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Moon (Á) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\Mountain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 47
mouse . . . . see \ComputerMouse
\MoveDown (») . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\MoveUp (º) . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\mp (∓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\mu (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\multimap (() . . . . . . . 20, 21
\multimapboth () . . . . . . 21
\multimapbothvert () . . . . 21
\multimapdot () . . . . . . . . 21
\multimapdotboth () . . . .
\multimapdotbothA () . . .
\multimapdotbothAvert () .
\multimapdotbothB () . . .
\multimapdotbothBvert () .
\multimapdotbothvert () . .
\multimapdotinv () . . . . .
\multimapinv () . . . . . . . .
multiple accents per character
\Mundus (m) . . . . . . . . . . . .
musical notes . . . . . . 14, 33,
\muup (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVAt (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVEight (8) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVFive (5) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVFour (4) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVNine (9) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVOne (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVSeven (7) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVSix (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVThree (3) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVTwo (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\MVZero (0) . . . . . . . . . . . .
N
\nabla (∇) . . . . . . . .
\NAK (§) . . . . . . . . . .
\napprox () . . . . . .
\napproxeq (6) . . . . .
\nasymp (-) . . . . . . .
\natural (\) . . . . . . .
natural numbers (N) .
alphabets, math
navigation symbols . .
\nbacksim (*) . . . . . .
\nbacksimeq (+) . . . .
\nBumpeq ()) . . . . . . .
\nbumpeq (() . . . . . . .
\ncong () . . . . . . . .
\ncong () . . . . . . . .
\ncurlyeqprec (¸) . .
\ncurlyeqsucc (¹) . .
\nDashV (+) . . . . . . .
\nDashv (+) . . . . . . .
\ndashV (/) . . . . . . .
\ndashv (') . . . . . . .
\ndashVv (/) . . . . . .
\ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Nearrow (t) . . . . . .
\nearrow (Õ) . . . . . .
\nearrow (%) . . . . . .
\neg (¬) . . . . . . . . . .
\Neptune (H ) . . . . . .
\Neptune (È) . . . . . .
\neptune ([) . . . . . . .
\neq () . . . . . . . . . .
\neq (,) . . . . . . . . . .
\neqslantgtr (¹) . . .
\neqslantless (¸) . .
\nequiv (.) . . . . . . .
\neswarrow (%
.) . . . .
\Neutral ({) . . . . . .
\newmoon (N ) . . . . . .
66
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
52
46
45
28
46
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
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. . . . 46
. . . . 21
. . . . 21
. . . . 21
. . . . 21
. . . . 22
. . . . 20
. . . . 22
. . . . 22
. . . . 22
. . . . 22
. . . . 22
. . . . 22
. . . . 22
see \neq
. . . . 26
. . . . 26
. . . . 25
. . . . 33
. . . . 37
. . . . 36
. . . . 36
. . . . 22
. . . . 23
. . . . 24
. . . . 24
. . . . 21
. . . . 51
. . . . 38
. . . . 37
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
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.
.
. . 33
. . 38
. . 22
. . 21
. . 21
33, 45
. . see
\newmoon ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\newtie (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\nexists (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\nexists (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\NG () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\ng () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\ngeq (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ngeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 24
\ngeqq (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ngeqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\ngeqslant () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\ngg (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ngtr (£) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ngtr (≯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\ngtrapprox (É) . . . . . . . . . 24
\ngtrapprox (#) . . . . . . . . . 24
\ngtrless (&) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ngtrsim (Ã) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ngtrsim (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ni (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\nialpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\nibar . . . . . . . . see \ownsbar
\nibeta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\NibLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 40
\NibRight ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 40
nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
\NibSolidLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 40
\NibSolidRight ( ) . . . . . . 40
\nichi ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\niepsilon () . . . . . . . . . . 10
\nigamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\niiota ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\nilambda (2) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\niomega (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\niphi (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\niplus (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nisigma (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\nitheta (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\niupsilon (V) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\nj (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\nLeftarrow (ö) . . . . . . . . 26
\nLeftarrow (:) . . . . . . . . 25
\nleftarrow (Ú) . . . . . . . . 26
\nleftarrow (8) . . . . . . . . 25
\nLeftrightarrow (ø) . . . . 26
\nLeftrightarrow (<) . . . . 25
\nleftrightarrow (Ü) . . . . 26
\nleftrightarrow (=) . 15, 25
\nleq (¦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 24
\nleqq (°) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nleqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nleqslant (
) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nless (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nless (≮) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nlessapprox (È) . . . . . . . . 24
\nlessapprox (") . . . . . . . . 24
\nlessgtr (') . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nlesssim (Â) . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nlesssim ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nll (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nmid (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nnearrow (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\nnwarrow (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\NoBleech (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\NoChemicalCleaning (¨) . . 46
\NoIroning (²) . . . . . . . . . 46
\NoSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg
\not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
not equal (= vs. =) . . . . . . . 22
\notasymp () . . . . . . . . . . 22
\notbackslash (−)
\ . . . . . . . 37
\notbot (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\notdivides () . . . . . . . . . 22
\notequiv () . . . . . . . . . . 22
\notin (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\notin (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\notni (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\notowner (S) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\notowns . . see \notowner and
\notni
\notperp (M) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\notslash (−)
/
. . . . . . . . . . 37
\nottop (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\NoTumbler () . . . . . . . . . . 46
\nparallel (∦) . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\nprec (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nprec (⊀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nprecapprox (È) . . . . . . . . 22
\nprecapprox (7) . . . . . . . . 21
\npreccurlyeq (¦) . . . . . . . 22
\npreccurlyeq ($) . . . . . . . 21
\npreceq (ª) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\npreceq () . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\npreceqq (9) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\nprecsim (Â) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nprecsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\nRightarrow (÷) . . . . . . . . 26
\nRightarrow (;) . . . . . . . . 25
\nrightarrow (Û) . . . . . . . . 26
\nrightarrow (9) . . . . . . . . 25
\nshortmid (.) . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nshortparallel (/) . . . . . . 20
\nsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nsim (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nsimeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nsimeq (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\nsqSubset () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsubset () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsubset (a) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsubseteq () . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsubseteq (@) . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsubseteqq () . . . . . . . 23
\nsqSupset () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsupset () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsupset (b) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsupseteq () . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsupseteq (A) . . . . . . . . 23
\nsqsupseteqq () . . . . . . . 23
\nSubset () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nSubset (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsubset () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsubseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsubseteq (*) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nsubseteqq () . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsubseteqq (") . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsucc (£) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nsucc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nsuccapprox (É) . . . . . . . . 22
\nsuccapprox (8) . . . . . . . . 21
\nsucccurlyeq (§) . . . . . . . 22
\nsucccurlyeq (%) . . . . . . . 21
\nsucceq («) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nsucceq () . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nsucceqq (:) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\nsuccsim (Ã) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nsuccsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\nSupset () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nSupset (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsupset () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsupseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsupseteq (+) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nsupseteqq () . . . . . . . . . 23
\nsupseteqq (#) . . . . . . . . . 22
\nthickapprox (5) . . . . . . . 21
\ntriangleleft () . . . . . . 24
\ntriangleleft (6) . . . . . . 24
\ntrianglelefteq () . . . . 24
\ntrianglelefteq (5) . . . . 24
\ntrianglelefteqslant (R) 24
\ntriangleright () . . . . . 24
\ntriangleright (7) . . . . . 24
\ntrianglerighteq () . . . . 24
\ntrianglerighteq (4) . . . . 24
\ntrianglerighteqslant (S) 24
\ntwoheadleftarrow (h) . . . 21
\ntwoheadrightarrow (g) . . 21
\nu (ν) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
null set . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 34
number sets see alphabets, math
numbers . . . . . . . . . . see digits
numerals . . . . . . . . . . see digits
\nuup (ν) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\nvargeq («) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nvarleq (ª) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nvarparallel () . . . . . . . 21
\nvarparallelinv () . . . . . 21
\nVDash (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nVDash (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nVdash (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nVdash (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\nvDash (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nvDash (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nvdash (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nvdash (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nVvash (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Nwarrow (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\nwarrow (Ô) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\nwarrow (-) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\nwsearrow (&) . . . . . . . . . 51
O
\O (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\o (ø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
67
o (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\oasterisk (f) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\obackslash (n) . . . . . . . . . 17
\obar (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\oblong (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\obot (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\obslash (;) . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\ocirc (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\ocircle (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\ocoasterisk (g) . . . . . . . . 17
\octagon (8) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Octosteel (‘) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\odiv (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\odot (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\odot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\odplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\OE (Œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\oe (œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\officialeuro (e) . . . . . . . 13
ogonek . . . . . . . . . see accents
\ogreaterthan
(=) . . . . . . . 16
)
\oiiint ( ) . . . .L
. . . . . . . 19
\oiiintclockwise ( )D. . . . 19
\oiiintctrclockwise ( ) . 19
·
\oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 18, 19
\oiint ( ) . . . . .H. . . . . . . . 19
\oiintclockwise ( ) @. . . . . 19
\oiintctrclockwise ( ) . . 19
¶
\oint (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\oint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . 19
\ointclockwise ( ) .
. . . . . . 19
\ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 19
\ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 19
old-style digits . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\oldstylenums . . . . . . . . . . 13
\oleft (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\olessthan (<) . . . . . . . . . . 16
\Omega (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\omega (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\omegaup (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\ominus (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\ominus () . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\oo (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\open (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\openJoin ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\openo (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\openo (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\opentimes (]) . . . . . . . . . . 21
operators
binary . . . . . . . . . . 15–17
logical see logical operators
set . . . . . see set operators
\oplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\oplus (⊕) . . . . . . . . . . 15, 48
\opposition (W) . . . . . . . . 37
options . . . see package options
or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\oright (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\OrnamentDiamondSolid ( ) 44
q
\oslash (m) . . . .
\oslash () . . . .
\otimes (b) . . . .
\otimes (⊗) . . . .
\otop (j) . . . . . .
\otriangleup (o)
ovals . . . . . . . . . .
\ovee (>) . . . . . .
hkkikkj
\overbrace (
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17
15
17
15
17
17
43
16
) . . . . . . . 32
z}|{
\overbrace (
) . . . . . . . . 31
\overbracket . . . . . . . . 51, 52
\overbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . 52
hkkk j
\overgroup (
) ........
−) . . . . . .
\overleftarrow (←
→) .
\overleftrightarrow (←
\overline ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .
\overparenthesis . . . . . 51,
z{
\overparenthesis ( )
→) .
\overrightarrow (−
\overring (x) . . . . . .
\ovoid (l) . . . . . . . . .
\owedge (?) . . . . . . . .
\owns . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\owns (Q) . . . . . . . . . .
\ownsbar (W) . . . . . . . .
32
31
32
31
52
.
.
.
.
.
. . . 52
. . . 31
. . . 12
. . . 17
. . . 16
see \ni
. . . . 29
. . . . 29
P
\P (¶) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 55
\p@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
package options
a (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
bbgreekl (mathbbol) . . . 35
b (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
c (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
d (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
e (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
f (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
g (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
h (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
mathcal (euscript) . . . . . 35
mathscr (euscript) . . . . . 35
sans (dsfont) . . . . . . . . . 35
varg (txfonts/pxfonts) . . 28
packages
accents . . . . . . . . 52, 56, 57
amsfonts 15, 20, 22, 25, 33,
35
amsmath . . . . . . 6, 28, 52
amssymb . 6, 15, 20, 22, 25,
33, 35, 56–58
amstext . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 56
ascii . . . . . . . . . . 38, 53, 56
bbding 39–41, 43, 44, 49, 56,
57
bbm . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 56
bbold . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 56
braket . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
dingbat 39, 40, 43, 49, 56, 57
dsfont . . . . . . . . . . 35, 56
esint . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 56
esvect . . . . . . . . . . 32, 56
eufrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
eurosym . . . . . . . 13, 56, 57
euscript . . . . . . . 35, 56, 57
fclfont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
fc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 10
fontenc . . . . . . 6–8, 10, 54
ifsym 36, 42, 46, 47, 49, 56,
57
isoent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
latexsym . 15, 20, 22, 25, 33,
48, 56, 57
manfnt . . . . . 43, 45, 56, 57
marvosym 13, 34, 36–39, 43,
46, 49, 56, 57
matbbol . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
mathabx . . . . . . . . . 17, 18,
20–24, 26, 27, 29–32, 34, 37,
43, 48, 49, 56, 58
mathbbol . . . . . . . . . . . 35
mathcomp . . . . . . . 34, 56
mathrsfs . . . . . . . . . 35, 56
pifont . 8, 39–44, 48, 56, 57
psnfss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
pxfonts 15, 16, 19–29, 33–35,
48
skull . . . . . . . . . . 43, 56, 57
stmaryrd . 16, 18, 20, 22, 24,
26, 27, 29, 30, 49, 56, 57
textcomp 6, 7, 10, 12–14, 25,
31, 34, 36, 45, 48, 54, 56, 57
tipa . . . 8, 9, 11, 12, 56, 57
txfonts 15, 16, 19–29, 33–35,
48, 50, 56, 57
ulsy . . . . . . . . . . 17, 27, 56
upquote . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
url . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
wasysym . . 8, 13–16, 18, 20,
22, 23, 25, 33, 34, 36–38, 41,
42, 45, 49, 56, 57
wsuipa . . 10, 12, 49, 52, 56
yfonts . . . . . . . . 35, 56, 57
yhmath . . . . 31, 33, 51, 56
zapfchan . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Pakin, Scott . . . . . . . . . . 1, 56
\PaperLandscape ( ) . . . . . 47
\PaperPortrait ( ) . . .
paragraph mark . . . . . . .
\parallel (k) . . . . . . . .
\ParallelPort (Ñ) . . . .
\partial (B ) . . . . . . . . .
\partial (∂) . . . . . . . . .
\partialslash (C ) . . . .
parts per thousand . . . .
\textperthousand
\Peace ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 47
see \P
. . . 20
. . . 37
. . . 29
. . . 29
. . . 29
. . see
. . . 44
) . . . . . . . .
) . . . . .
\PencilLeftUp () . . . . . . .
\PencilRight () . . . . . . .
\PencilRightDown () . . . .
\PencilLeft (
40
\PencilLeftDown (
40
68
40
40
40
\PencilRightUp ( ) . . . . . . 40
pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40
\pentagon (D) . . . . . . . . . . 42
percent sign . . . . . . . . . see \%
\permil (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\Perp (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\perp (⊥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Pfund (£) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
pharmaceutical prescription
see
\textrecipe
\Phi (Φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\phi (φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\phiup (φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\Phone ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\phone () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\PhoneHandset ( ) . . . . . . . 44
phonetic symbols . . . . . . . 8–10
\photon (::::) . . . . . . . . . 36
physical symbols . . . . . . . . . 36
\Pi (Π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\pi (π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\Pickup (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
pifont (package) 8, 39–44, 48, 56,
57
pilcrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \P
\Pisces (ë) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\pisces (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Pisymbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\pitchfork (&) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\pitchfork (t) . . . . . . . . . . 20
\piup (π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\Plane ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
playing cards . . . . see card suits
\Plus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
plus-or-minus sign . . . . see \pm
\PlusCenterOpen ( ) . . . . . 40
\pluscirc () . . . . . . . . . . 17
\PlusOutline ( ) . . . . . . . . 40
plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
\PlusThinCenterOpen ( ) . . 40
\Pluto (I ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Pluto (É) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\pluto (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\pm (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\pmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\pointer () . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\Pointinghand (Z) . . . . . . . 43
\polishhook (~) . . . . . . . . . 12
polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
PostScript fonts 13, 35, 39, 41, 48
\pounds (£) . . . . . . . . . . 7, 55
power set (P) . . see alphabets,
math
\Pr (Pr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\prec (≺) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\precapprox (Æ) . . . . . . . . . 21
\precapprox (w) . . . . . . . . . 20
\preccurlyeq (¤) . . . . . . . . 21
\preccurlyeq (4) . . . . . . . . 20
\precdot (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
'
&
(
)
\preceq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\preceqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\precnapprox (Ê) . . . . . . . . 22
\precnapprox () . . . . . . . . 20
\precneq (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\precneqq () . . . . . . . . . . 21
\precnsim (Ä) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\precsim (À) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\precsim (-) . . . . . . . . . . . 20
prescription . . see \textrecipe
\prime (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Printer
(Ò) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Q
\prod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\projlim (proj lim) . . . . . . . 28
pronunciation symbols . . . . see
phonetic symbols
\propto (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\propto (∝) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\ProvidesPackage . . . . . . . . 56
\Psi (Ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\psi (ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\psiup (ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
psnfss (package) . . . . . . . . . . 41
pulse diagram symbols . . . . . 36
\PulseHigh ( ) . . . . . . . . . 36
\PulseLow ( ) . . . . . . . . . 36
punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
pxfonts (package) . 15, 16, 19–29,
33–35, 48
$
%
Q
\quarternote (♩) . . . . . . . . . 45
quaternions (H)
see alphabets,
math
\quotedblbase ( ) . . . . . . . . . 8
\quotesinglbase ( ) . . . . . . . 8
R
\r (å) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\Radiation ( ) . . . . . . . . . 47
radicals . . see \sqrt and \surd
\Radioactivity (j) . . . . . . 38
\Rain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\RainCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . 46
\RaisingEdge ( ) . . . . . . . . 36
\Rangle (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\rangle (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
rational numbers (Q) . . . . . see
alphabets, math
rationalized Planck constant see
\hbar
\Rbag (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\rbag (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\rbbbrack (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\Rbrack (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\rceil (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\rcorners (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Re (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
real numbers (R) see alphabets,
math
\recorder () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
u
\Rectangle ( ) . . . . . .
\RectangleBold ( ) . . .
rectangles . . . . . . . . . .
\RectangleThin ( ) . . .
\Rectpipe (˜) . . . . . . .
\Rectsteel (”) . . . . . .
registered trademark . .
\textregistered
relational symbols . . . .
binary . . . . . . . . .
negated binary . . .
triangle . . . . . . . .
\Relbar (=) . . . . . . . .
\relbar (−) . . . . . . . .
\restoresymbol . . . . .
\restriction . . . . . . .
\upharpoonright
\restriction (æ) . . . .
.
\revddots ( . . ) . . . . . .
\reve () . . . . . . . . . .
\reveject (f) . . . . . . .
\revepsilon () . . . . .
reverse solidus . . . . . . .
\textbackslash
\reversedvideodbend (
\revglotstop (c) . . . .
\Rewind (¶) . . . . . . . .
\RewindToIndex (´) .
\RewindToStart (µ) . .
\rfilet (?) . . . . . . . . .
v
t
.
.
.
.
.
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.
43
43
43
43
38
38
see
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . 20
20–24
20–22
. . . 24
27, 50
27, 50
. . . 48
. . see
.
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26
51
10
10
10
see
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)
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
43
10
46
46
46
30
\rfloor (c)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
9
\rgroup (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\RHD () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rhd (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,
\rho (ρ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rhoup (ρ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\RIGHTarrow () . . . . . . . . .
\Rightarrow . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Rightarrow (⇒ vs. : vs. ñ)
\Rightarrow (⇒) . . . . . 15,
\Rightarrow (:) . . . . . . . . .
\rightarrow (Ñ) . . . . . . . .
\rightarrow (→) . . . . . . . .
\rightarrowtail () . . . . .
\rightarrowtriangle (_) . .
\rightbarharpoon (Ý) . . . .
\RIGHTCIRCLE (H) . . . . . . . .
\RIGHTcircle (H
#) . . . . . . . .
\Rightcircle (J) . . . . . . . .
\RightDiamond ( ) . . . . . . .
\rightharpoondown (ã) . . .
\rightharpoondown (+) . . .
\rightharpoonup (á) . . . . .
\rightharpoonup (*) . . . . .
\rightleftarrows (Õ) . . . .
\rightleftarrows () . . . .
\rightleftharpoon (á) . . .
\rightleftharpoons (é) . .
\rightleftharpoons (
) . .
\rightleftharpoons (*
)) . .
?
69
16
16
28
28
30
45
46
49
25
46
26
25
25
26
27
45
45
45
42
27
25
27
25
26
25
27
27
25
25
\rightmoon (L ) . . . . . . .
\rightmoon (%) . . . . . . .
\rightp (w) . . . . . . . . . .
\rightpointleft (
) .
L
N
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
37
36
12
40
\rightpointright (
) . . . 40
\rightrightarrows (Ñ) . . . 26
\rightrightarrows (⇒) . . . 25
\rightrightharpoons (Ù) . . 27
\Rightscissors (Q) . . . . . . 39
\rightslice (3) . . . . . . . . . 16
\rightsquigarrow (ù) . . . 26
\rightsquigarrow ( ) . . . . 25
\rightt (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\rightthreetimes (%) . . . . 34
\rightthreetimes (i) . . . . 15
\rightthumbsdown (
) . . . 40
\rightthumbsup (
) . . . . . 40
\righttoleftarrow (ý) . . . 26
\Righttorque (') . . . . . . . . 38
\rightturn (!) . . . . . . . . . 45
\ring (˚) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
ring equal to . . . . . see \circeq
ring in equal to . . . see \eqcirc
\rip (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\risingdotseq () . . . . . . . 21
\risingdotseq (:) . . . . . . . 20
\rJoin (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\rlap . . . . . .9. . . . . . . . 42, 51
d
u
\rmoustache (:)
. . . . . . . . 30
roots . . . . . . . . . . . .
\RoundedLsteel (Ÿ)
\RoundedTsteel () .
\RoundedTTsteel ()
\Rparen ()) . . . . . . .
\rrbracket () . . . .
\rrceil (W) . . . . . . .
\rrfloor (U) . . . . . .
\Rrightarrow (V) . .
\rrparenthesis (M) .
\RS () . . . . . . . . . .
\Rsh (é) . . . . . . . . .
\Rsh () . . . . . . . . .
\rtimes () . . . . . .
\rtimes (o) . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
see
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
\sqrt
. . 38
. . 38
. . 38
. . 35
. . 30
. . 29
. . 29
. . 26
. . 29
. . 38
. . 26
. . 25
. . 17
. . 15
S
\S (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,
safety-related symbols . . . . .
\Sagittarius (è) . . . . . . . .
\sagittarius (c) . . . . . . . .
sans (dsfont package option) .
55
38
37
37
35
\satellitedish (
\Saturn (F ) . . . .
\Saturn (Æ) . . . .
\saturn (Y) . . . .
\savesymbol . . . .
\Sborder ( ) . . .
\scd () . . . . . . .
\scg () . . . . . . .
\schwa () . . . . . .
\sci (*) . . . . . . .
43
37
36
36
48
43
10
10
10
10
I) . . . . . .
S
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scientific symbols . . . . . . 36–38
\ScissorHollowLeft ( ) . . 39
\ScissorHollowRight ( ) . 39
\ScissorLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 39
\ScissorLeftBrokenBottom ( )
. . . . . . . . . 39
\ScissorLeftBrokenTop ( ) 39
\ScissorRight ( ) . . . . . . . 39
\ScissorRightBrokenBottom
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\ScissorRightBrokenTop ( ) 39
scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\scn (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\Scorpio (ç) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\scorpio (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\scr (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
script letters see alphabets, math
\scripta () . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\scriptg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\scriptv (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\scu (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\scy (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\Searrow (u) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\searrow (×) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\searrow (&) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\sec (sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\second (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\secstress (i) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
section mark . . . . . . . . . see \S
\SectioningDiamond ( ) . . 47
segmented digits . . . . . . . . . 36
\selectfont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
semidirect products . . 15, 17, 34
\SerialInterface (Î) . . . . 37
\SerialPort (Ð) . . . . . . . . . 37
set operators
intersection . . . . see \cap
union . . . . . . . . . see \cup
\setminus (\) . . . . . . . . . . . 15
SGML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\sharp (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 45
\Shilling (¡) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\shortdownarrow () . . . . . . 26
\ShortFifty (×) . . . . . . . . 46
\ShortForty (Ù) . . . . . . . . 46
\shortleftarrow ( ) . . . . . 26
\shortmid (p) . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\ShortNinetyFive (Ô) . . . . 46
\shortparallel (q) . . . . . . . 20
\ShortPulseHigh ( ) . . . . . 36
\ShortPulseLow ( ) . . . . . . 36
\shortrightarrow () . . . . 26
\ShortSixty (Ö) . . . . . . . . 46
\ShortThirty (Û) . . . . . . . 46
\shortuparrow () . . . . . . . 26
\showclock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\SI () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\Sigma (Σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\sigma (σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\sigmaup (σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\sim (∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 53
"
#
\simeq (') . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\sin (sin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\sinh (sinh) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\SixFlowerAlternate ( ) . . 41
\SixFlowerAltPetal ( ) . . 41
\SixFlowerOpenCenter ( ) . 41
\SixFlowerPetalDotted ( ) 41
\SixFlowerPetalRemoved ( ) 41
\SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
\SixStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 41
\SixteenStarLight ( ) . . . 41
skull (package) . . . . . . 43, 56, 57
\skull ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\slashb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\slashc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\slashd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\slashu (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\Sleet ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\SmallCircle ( ) . . . . . . . . 42
\SmallCross ( ) . . . . . . . . 42
\SmallDiamondshape ( ) . . 42
\smallfrown (a) . . . . . . . . . 20
\SmallHBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . 42
\SmallLowerDiamond ( ) . . 42
\smallpencil (
) . . . . . . 39
\SmallRightDiamond ( ) . . 42
\smallsetminus (r) . . . . . . 15
\smallsmile (`) . . . . . . . . . 20
\SmallSquare ( ) . . . . . . . . 42
\SmallTriangleDown ( ) . . 42
\smalltriangledown () . . . 17
\SmallTriangleLeft ( ) . . 42
\smalltriangleleft () . . . 17
\SmallTriangleRight ( ) . . 42
\smalltriangleright () . . 17
\SmallTriangleUp ( ) . . . . 42
\smalltriangleup () . . . . . 17
\SmallVBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . 42
\smile (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Smiley (©) . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\smiley (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
smiley faces . . . . . see \Smiley,
\smiley, \SOH, and \STX
\Snow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\SnowCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . 46
\Snowflake ( ) . . . . . . . . . 41
\SnowflakeChevron ( ) . . . 41
\SnowflakeChevronBold ( ) 41
snowflakes . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 42
\SO (♫) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\SOH () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
spades (suit) . . . . . . . 33, 34, 44
\spadesuit (♠) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Sparkle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 41
\SparkleBold ( ) . . . . . . . . 41
sparkles . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 42
[
O
U
M
Q
L
G
K
A
E
F

O
P
@
C
B
D
A
`
]
^
\
70
_
“special” characters . . . . . . . . 7
\SpecialForty (Ú) . . . . . . 46
\sphericalangle (?) . . . . . 34
\sphericalangle (^) . . . . . 33
\SpinDown () . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\SpinUp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\splitvert . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\splitvert (¦) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\sqbullet () . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\sqcap ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\sqcap (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\sqcapplus (}) . . . . . . . . . . 16
\sqcup (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\sqcup (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\sqcupplus (|) . . . . . . . . . . 16
\sqdoublecap (^) . . . . . . . . 17
\sqdoublecup
R (_) . . . . . . . . 17
\sqiiint P
( ) . . . . . . . . . . 19
\sqiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\sqiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\sqint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\sqint (√) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\sqrt (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\sqSubset () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsubset () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsubset (@) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\sqsubseteq () . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsubseteq (v) . . . . . . . . . 22
\sqsubseteqq () . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsubsetneq () . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsubsetneqq () . . . . . . . 23
\sqSupset () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsupset () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsupset (A) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\sqsupseteq () . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsupseteq (w) . . . . . . . . . 22
\sqsupseteqq () . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsupsetneq () . . . . . . . . 23
\sqsupsetneqq () . . . . . . . 23
\Square ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Square ( vs.
vs. ) . . . 49
\Square () . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
\Square ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\square () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\square () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
square root . . . . . . . see \sqrt
\SquareCastShadowBottomRight
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\SquareCastShadowTopLeft ( )
. . . . . . . . . 43
\SquareCastShadowTopRight
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\Squaredot (÷) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\Squarepipe (—) . . . . . . . . . 38
squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 43
\SquareShadowA ( ) . . . . . . 42
\SquareShadowB ( ) . . . . . . 42
\SquareShadowBottomRight ( )
. . . . . . . . . 43
\SquareShadowC ( ) . . . . . . 42
)
*
0
f
f 0
k
m
l
h
j
i
\SquareShadowTopLeft ( ) .
\SquareShadowTopRight ( )
\SquareSolid ( ) . . . . . . . .
\Squaresteel (“) . . . . . . . .
g
B
43
43
43
38
\squarewithdots ( ) . . . . . 43
\squplus (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\SS (SS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\ss (ß) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\ssearrow (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\sslash () . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\sswarrow ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\stackrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\star (?) . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 52
Star of David . . . . . . . . . . . 41
stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 41, 42
stmaryrd (package) 16, 18, 20, 22,
24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 49, 56, 57
\StoneMan ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\Stopsign (!) . . . . . . . . . . 38

\StopWatchEnd ( ) . . . . . . . 47

\StopWatchStart ( ) . .
\stress (h) . . . . . . . . . .
\strictfi (K) . . . . . . .
\strictif (J) . . . . . . .
\strictiff (L) . . . . . .
\StrokeFive ( ) . . . . .
\StrokeFour ( ) . . . . . .
\StrokeOne ( ) . . . . . . . .
\StrokeThree ( ) . . . . .
\StrokeTwo ( ) . . . . . . .
\STX () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\SUB (→) . . . . . . . . . . . .
subscripts
new symbols used in
\Subset () . . . . . . . . .
\Subset (b) . . . . . . . . .
\subset () . . . . . . . . .
\subset (⊂) . . . . . . . . .
\subseteq () . . . . . . .
\subseteq (⊆) . . . . . . .
\subseteqq () . . . . . . .
\subseteqq (j) . . . . . . .
\subsetneq () . . . . . . .
\subsetneq (() . . . . . . .
\subsetneqq () . . . . . .
\subsetneqq ($) . . . . . .
\subsetplus (D) . . . . . .
\subsetpluseq (F) . . . .
subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\succ () . . . . . . . . . . .
\succapprox (Ç) . . . . . .
\succapprox (v) . . . . . .
\succcurlyeq (¥) . . . . .
\succcurlyeq (<) . . . . .
\succdot (Í) . . . . . . . .
\succeq () . . . . . . . . .
\succeqq () . . . . . . . . .
\succnapprox (Ë) . . . . .
\succnapprox () . . . . .
\succneq () . . . . . . . .
;
::::
:
:::
::
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47
12
21
21
21
47
47
47
47
47
38
38
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22,
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50
23
22
23
22
23
22
23
22
23
22
23
22
22
22
23
20
21
20
21
20
21
20
21
22
20
22
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\succneqq () . . . . . . . . . . 21
\succnsim (Å) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\succnsim () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\succsim (Á) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\succsim
(%) . . . . . . . . . . . 20
P
\sum ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\Summit ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\SummitSign ( ) . . . . . . . . . 47
\Sun (@ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Sun (À vs.
vs. @ ) . . . . . 49
\Sun (À) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\Sun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\sun (☼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\SunCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\SunshineOpenCircled ( ) . 44
\sup (sup) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
superscripts
new symbols used in . . . 50
supersets . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23
\Supset () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Supset (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\supset () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\supset (⊃) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\supseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\supseteq (⊇) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\supseteqq () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\supseteqq (k) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\supsetneq () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\supsetneq ()) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\supsetneqq () . . . . . . . . . 23
\supsetneqq (%) . . . . . . . . . 22
\supsetplus (E) . . . . . . . . . 22
\supsetpluseq (G) . . . . . . . 22
√
\surd ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\SurveySign ( ) . . . . . . . . . 47
\Swarrow (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\swarrow (Ö) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\swarrow (.) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
swung dash . . . . . . . . see \sim
\syllabic (j) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
symbols
alpine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
APL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
astrological . . . . . . . . . 37
astronomical . . . . . 36, 37
biological . . . . . . . . . . . 38
body-text . . . . . . . . . 7–14
clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
communication . . . . . . . 38
computer hardware . . . . 37
contradiction . . . . . 15, 27
currency . . . . . . . . 12, 13
dangerous bend . . . . . . 43
definition . . . . . . . . . . . 15
dictionary . . see symbols,
phonetic
dingbat . . . . . . . . . 39–44
dot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
electrical . . . . . . . . . . . 36
engineering . . . . . . 36, 38
T
71
genealogical . . . . . . . . . 45
general . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
information . . . . . . . . . 43
Knuth’s . . . . . . . . . 43, 45
laundry . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
letter-like . . . . . . . . . . . 29
linguistic . . . . . . . . . 8–10
log-like . . . . . . . . . 27, 28
mathematical . . . . . 15–35
METAFONTbook . . . . . 45
miscellaneous 33, 34, 43–47
navigation . . . . . . . . . . 46
phonetic . . . . . . . . . 8–10
physical . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
pulse diagram . . . . . . . 36
relational . . . . . . . . . . . 20
safety-related . . . . . . . . 38
scientific . . . . . . . . 36–38
subset and superset
22, 23
technological . . . . . 36–38
TEXbook . . . . . . . . 43, 45
variable-sized . . . . . 17–19
weather . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
zodiacal . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
symbols.tex (file) . . . . . 48, 56
\SYN () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
T
\T . . . . . . . . . .
.......
\t (a)
tacks . . . . . . . .
\taild () . . .
\tailinvr (H) .
\taill (0) . . . .
\tailn (9) . . .
\tailr (F) . . . .
\tails (L) . . . .
\tailt (P) . . . .
\tailz (_) . . .
\talloblong (8)
tally markers . .
\tan (tan) . . . .
\tanh (tanh) . .
\Tape ( ) . . . .

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.... 8
. . . 10
20, 29
. . . 10
. . . 10
. . . 10
. . . 10
. . . 10
. . . 10
. . . 10
. . . 10
. . . 16
. . . 47
. . . 27
. . . 27
. . . 44
\Taschenuhr ( ) . . . . . .
\tau (τ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Taurus (Q ) . . . . . . . . . .
\Taurus (á) . . . . . . . . . .
\taurus (]) . . . . . . . . . .
\tauup (τ) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\tccentigrade () . . . . .
\tcmu (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\tcohm (W) . . . . . . . . . . .
\tcpertenthousand ()
\tcperthousand () . . . .
technological symbols . .
\Telefon (T) . . . . . . . . .
\Telephone ( ) . . . . . .
\Tent ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\tesh (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . .
TEX . . . . . . . 48, 50, 52,
TEXbook, The . . . . . . . .
(
. . 47
. . 28
. . 37
. . 37
. . 37
. . 28
. . 34
. . 34
. . 34
. . 34
. . 34
36–38
. . 38
. . 47
. . 47
. . 10
53, 57
50–52
symbols from . . . . . 43, 45
\text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 51
\textacutedbl () . . . . . . . 12
\textacutemacron (
a) . . . . . 11
\textacutewedge (
a) . . . . . . 11
\textadvancing (a) . . . . . . . 11
\textasciiacute (´) . . . 12, 55
\textasciibreve () . . . . . . 12
\textasciicaron () . . . . . . 12
\textasciicircum (ˆ) . . . 7, 53
\textasciidieresis (¨)
12, 55
\textasciigrave (`) . . . . . . 12
\textasciimacron . . . . . . . . 54
\textasciimacron (¯) . 12, 55
\textasciitilde (˜) . . . . 7, 53
\textasteriskcentered (*) . 7,
14
\textbabygamma (È) . . . . . . . . 8
\textbackslash (\) . . 7, 53, 54
\textbaht () . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textbar (|) . . . . . . . 7, 53, 54
\textbarb ( b ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textbarc ( c ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textbard ( d ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textbardbl () . . . . . . . . . 14
\textbardotlessj (é) . . . . . . 8
\textbarg ( g ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textbarglotstop (Ü) . . . . . . 8
\textbari (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textbarl (ª) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textbaro (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textbarrevglotstop (Ý) . . . 9
\textbaru (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textbeltl (ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textbeta (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textbigcircle (O) . . . . . . 14
\textblank ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textborn (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\textbottomtiebar (a
<) . . . . 11
\textbraceleft ({) . . . . . . . . 7
\textbraceright (}) . . . . . . . 7
\textbrevemacron (
a) . . . . . 11
\textbrokenbar (¦) . . . . 14, 55
\textbullet () . . . . . . . 7, 14
\textbullseye (ò) . . . . . . . . 9
\textcelsius () . . . . . . . . 36
\textceltpal ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textcent (¢) . . . . . . . . 12, 55
\textcentoldstyle () . . . . 12
\textchi (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textcircled (O) . . . . . . . 10
\textcircledP () . . . . . . 13
\textcircumacute (
a) . . . . . 11
. . . . . . . 11
\textcircumdot (a)
\textcloseepsilon (Å) . . . . . 9
\textcloseomega (Ñ) . . . . . . . 9
\textcloserevepsilon (Æ) . . . 9
\textcolonmonetary () . . . 12
\textcommatailz (Þ) . . . . . . . 9
textcomp (package) . . . . . . . 6,
7, 10, 12–14, 25, 31, 34, 36,
45, 48, 54, 56, 57
\textcopyleft («) . . . . . . 13
\textcopyright (©) . 7, 13, 55
\textcorner (^) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textcrb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textcrd (¡) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textcrg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textcrh (è) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textcrinvglotstop ( Û ) . . . . 9
\textcrlambda (¬) . . . . . . . . 9
\textcrtwo (2) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textctc (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textctd (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textctdctzlig (¢ý) . . . . . . . 9
\textctesh (²) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textctj (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textctn (®) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textctt (´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textcttctclig (´C) . . . . . . . 9
\textctyogh (¸) . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textctz (ý) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textcurrency (¤) . . . . 12, 55
\textdagger () . . . . . . . 7, 14
\textdaggerdbl () . . . . . 7, 14

\textdbend ( ) . . . . . . . . . 43
\textdblhyphen (-) . . . . . . . 14
\textdblhyphenchar () . . . . 14
\textdctzlig (dý) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textdegree (°) . . . . . . 34, 55
\textdied (d) . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\textdiscount () . . . . . . . 14
\textdiv (ö) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\textdivorced (c) . . . . . . . 45
\textdollar ($) . . . . . . . 7, 12
\textdollaroldstyle () . . 12
\textdong () . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textdotacute (
a) . . . . . . . 11
\textdotbreve (
a
) . . . . . . . 11
\textdoublebaresh ( S ) . . . . . 9
\textdoublebarpipe (}) . . . . 9
\textdoublebarslash (=
/) . . . 9
\textdoublegrave (
a) . . . . . 11
\textdoublepipe ({) . . . . . . . 9
\textdoublevbaraccent (
a) . 11
\textdoublevertline () . . . 9
\textdownarrow (_) . . . . . . . 25
\textdownstep () . . . . . . . . . 9
\textdyoghlig (Ã) . . . . . . . . 9
\textdzlig (dz) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\texteightoldstyle (8) . . . 13
\textellipsis (. . . ) . . . . . . . 7
\textemdash (—) . . . . . . . . . 7
\textendash (–) . . . . . . . . . . 7
\textepsilon (E) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textesh (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textestimated () . . . . . . 14
\texteuro (¿) . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textexclamdown (¡) . . . . . . . 7
\textfishhookr (R) . . . . . . . . 9
\textfiveoldstyle (5) . . . . 13
\textflorin () . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textfouroldstyle (4) . . . . 13
\textfractionsolidus (/) . . 34
72
\textfrak . . . . . . . . . . . .
\textg (¥) . . . . . . . . . . .
\textgamma (G) . . . . . . . .
\textglobfall () . . . . .
\textglobrise () . . . . .
\textglotstop (P) . . . . .
\textgravecircum (
a) . . .
\textgravedbl () . . . . .
\textgravedot (
a) . . . . .
\textgravemacron (a
) . . .
\textgravemid (
a) . . . . .
\textgreater (>) . . . 7,
\textguarani () . . . . . .
\texthalflength (;) . . . .
\texthardsign (») . . . . .
\texthooktop (#) . . . . . . .
\texthtb (á) . . . . . . . . . .
\texthtbardotlessj (ê) . .
\texthtc (Á) . . . . . . . . . .
\texthtd (â) . . . . . . . . . .
\texthtg (ä) . . . . . . . . . .
\texthth (H) . . . . . . . . . .
\texththeng (Ê) . . . . . . .
\texthtk (Î) . . . . . . . . . .
\texthtp (Ò) . . . . . . . . . .
\texthtq (Ó) . . . . . . . . . .
\texthtrtaild (£) . . . . .
\texthtscg (É) . . . . . . . .
\texthtt (Ö) . . . . . . . . . .
\texthvlig (ÿ) . . . . . . . .
\textifsym . . . . . . . . . . .
\textinterrobang () . . .
\textinterrobangdown ()
\textinvglotstop (Û) . . .
\textinvscr (K) . . . . . . .
\textinvsubbridge (a
) . .
\textiota (Ì) . . . . . . . . .
\textlambda («) . . . . . . .
\textlangle (<) . . . . . .
\textlbrackdbl ([) . . . . .
\textleaf (l) . . . . . . . .
\textleftarrow () . . . .
\textlengthmark (:) . . . .
\textless (<) . . . . . 7,
~
\textlhdbend ( ) . . . . .
\textlhookt (³) . . . . . . .
\textlhtlongi (¦) . . . . . .
\textlhtlongy (¶) . . . . .
\textlira () . . . . . . . . .
\textlnot (¬) . . . . . . . .
\textlonglegr (Ô) . . . . . .
\textlowering (a) . . . . .
\textlptr (½) . . . . . . . . .
\textlquill ( ) . . . . . . .
\textltailm (M) . . . . . . .
\textltailn (ñ) . . . . . . .
\textltilde (ë) . . . . . . .
\textlyoghlig (Ð) . . . . .
\textmarried (m) . . . . . .
\textmho (M) . . . . . . . . .
\textmidacute (
a) . . . . .
\textminus (=) . . . . . . . .
. . 35
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 8
. . 11
. . 12
. . 11
. . 11
. . 11
53, 54
. . 12
... 8
... 8
... 8
... 8
... 8
... 8
... 8
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 9
. . 36
. . 14
. . 14
... 9
... 9
. . 11
... 9
... 9
31, 53
. . 31
. . 45
. . 25
... 9
53, 54
. . 43
... 9
... 9
... 9
. . 12
34, 55
... 9
. . 11
... 9
. . 31
... 9
... 9
... 9
... 9
. . 45
. . 36
. . 11
. . 34
\textmu (µ) . . . . . . . . . . 36, 55
\textmusicalnote (n) . . . . . 14
\textnaira () . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textnineoldstyle (9) . . . . 13
\textnumero () . . . . . . . . . 14
\textObardotlessj (Í) . . . . . 9
\textohm (W) . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\textOlyoghlig () . . . . . . . . 9
\textomega (°) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textonehalf (½) . . . . . 34, 55
\textoneoldstyle . . . . . . . . 13
\textoneoldstyle (1) . . . . . 13
\textonequarter (¼) . . . 34, 55
\textonesuperior (¹) . . 34, 55
\textopenbullet () . . . . . . 14
\textopencorner (_) . . . . . . . 9
\textopeno (O) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textordfeminine (ª)
7, 14, 55
\textordmasculine (º) 7, 14, 55
\textovercross
(a) . . . . . . . 11
\textoverw (a) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textpalhook (%) . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textparagraph (¶) . . . . 7, 14
\textperiodcentered (·) . 7, 14,
55
\textpertenthousand () . 14
\textperthousand () . . . . 14
\textpeso () . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textphi (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textpilcrow () . . . . . . . . 14
\textpipe (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textpm (±) . . . . . . . . . 34, 55
\textpolhook (a ) . . . . . . . . 11
\textprimstress (") . . . . . . . 9
\textquestiondown (¿) . . . . . 7
\textquotedbl (") . . . . . 8, 53
\textquotedblleft (“) . . . . . 7
\textquotedblright (”) . . . . 7
\textquoteleft (‘) . . . . . . . . 7
\textquoteright (’) . . . . . . . 7
\textquotesingle (') . . . . . 14
\textquotestraightbase () 14
\textquotestraightdblbase ()
. . . . . . . . . 14
\textraiseglotstop (¼) . . . . 9
\textraisevibyi (§) . . . . . . . 9
\textraising (a) . . . . . . . . 11
\textramshorns (7) . . . . . . . . 9
\textrangle (>) . . . . . . 31, 53
\textrbrackdbl (]) . . . . . . . 31
\textrecipe () . . . . . . 14, 50
\textreferencemark (¸) 14, 15
\textregistered (®) 7, 13, 55
\textretracting (a) . . . . . . 11
\textrevapostrophe (\) . . . . . 9
\textreve (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textrevepsilon (3) . . . . . . . 9
\textreversedvideodbend ( )
. . . . . . . . . 43
\textrevglotstop (Q) . . . . . . 9
\textrevyogh (¹) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textrhookrevepsilon (Ç) . . 9
\textrhookschwa (Ä) . . . . . . . 9
\textrhoticity (~) . . . . . . . . 9
\textrightarrow () . . . . . 25
\textringmacron (
a) . . . . . . 11
\textroundcap (
a) . . . . . . . 11
\textrptr (¾) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textrquill (¡) . . . . . . . . . 31
\textrtaild (ã) . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textrtaill (í) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textrtailn (ï) . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textrtailr (ó) . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textrtails (ù) . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textrtailt (ú) . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textrtailz (ü) . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textrthook ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textsca (À) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textscb (à) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\textsce (¤) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscg (å) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textsch (Ë) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textschwa (@) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textsci (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscj (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscl (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscn (ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscoelig (×) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscomega (±) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscr (ö) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscripta (A) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscriptg (g) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscriptv (V) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscu (Ú) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textscy (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textseagull (a
) . . . . . . . . 11
\textsecstress () . . . . . . . . 9
\textsection (§) . . . . . . 7, 14
\textservicemark () . . . . . 13
\textsevenoldstyle (7) . . . 13
\textsixoldstyle (6) . . . . . 13
\textsoftsign (º) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textsterling (£) . . . . . 7, 12
\textstretchc (Â) . . . . . . . . 9
\textsubacute (a) . . . . . . . 11
\textsubarch (a) . . . . . . . . 11
\textsubbar (a) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textsubbridge (a
) . . . . . . . 11
\textsubcircum (a) . . . . . . . 11
\textsubdot (a) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textsubgrave
(a) . . . . . . . 11
(a) . . . . 11
\textsublhalfring
\textsubplus (a) . . . . . . . . 11
\textsubrhalfring (a ) . . . . 11
\textsubring (a) . . . . . . . . 11
\textsubsquare(a
) . . . . . . . 11
\textsubtilde (a) . . . . . . . 11
\textsubumlaut (a) . . . . . . . 11
\textsubw (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textsubwedge (a) . . . . . . . 12
\textsuperimposetilde
(a
&) . 12
\textsurd (») . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\textswab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\textsyllabic (a) . . . . . . . 12
"
73
\texttctclig (tC) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textteshlig (Ù) . . . . . . . . . 9
\texttheta (T) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textthorn (þ) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textthreeoldstyle (3) . . . 13
\textthreequarters (¾)
34, 55
\textthreequartersemdash ()
. . . . . . . . . 14
\textthreesuperior (³)
34, 55
\texttildedot (
a)
. . . . . . . 12
\texttildelow (~) . . . . . . . 12
\texttimes (Ö) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\texttoneletterstem (¿) . . . . 9
\texttoptiebar (>
a) . . . . . . . 12
\texttrademark () . . . . 7, 13
\texttslig (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textturna (5) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textturncelig (¯) . . . . . . . 9
\textturnh (4) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textturnk (©) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textturnlonglegr (Õ) . . . . . 9
\textturnm (W) . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textturnmrleg (î) . . . . . . . 9
\textturnr (ô) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textturnrrtail (õ) . . . . . . . 9
\textturnscripta (6) . . . . . . 9
\textturnt (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textturnv (2) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textturnw (û) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textturny (L) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\texttwelveudash () . . . . . 14
\texttwooldstyle . . . . . . . . 13
\texttwooldstyle (2) . . . . . 13
\texttwosuperior (²) . . 34, 55
\textunderscore ( ) . . . . . . . 7
\textuparrow (^) . . . . . . . . 25
\textupsilon (U) . . . . . . . . . 9
\textupstep () . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textvbaraccent (
a) . . . . . . 12
\textvertline () . . . . . . . . . 9
\textvibyi (§) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textvibyy (·) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textvisiblespace ( ) . . . . . 7
\textwon () . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textwynn (ß) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textyen (¥) . . . . . . . . 12, 55
\textyogh (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textzerooldstyle (0) . . . . 13
\TH (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
\th (þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Thành, Hàn Th´ê . . . . . . . . . 52
\therefore (6) . . . . . . . . . . 21
\therefore (∴) . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Thermo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\Theta (Θ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\theta (θ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\thetaup (θ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\thickapprox (≈) . . . . . . . . 20
\thicksim (∼) . . . . . . . . . . 20
\thickvert (~) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\ThinFog ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\third (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\Thorn (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\thorn (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\thorn (þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\tilde (˜) . . . . . . . . . . 31, 52
\tildel (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
time of day . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\times (×) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
tipa (package) 8, 9, 11, 12, 56, 57
\to . . . . . . . . see \rightarrow
\ToBottom (½) . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\top (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 50
\topbot (⊥
>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\topdoteq () . . . . . . . . . . 21
\ToTop (¼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
trademark . see \texttrademark
\triangle (4) . . . . . . . . . . 33
triangle relations . . . . . . . . . 24
\TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . . . 42
\TriangleDown ( vs. ) . . 49
\TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . . . 43
\triangledown (O) . . . . . . . 33
\TriangleLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 42
\triangleleft () . . . . . . . 24
\triangleleft (/) . . . . . . . 15
\trianglelefteq () . . . . . 24
\trianglelefteq (E) . . . . . 24
\trianglelefteqslant (P) . 24
\triangleq (,) . . . . . . . 15, 24
\TriangleRight ( ) . . . . . . 42
\triangleright () . . . . . . 24
\triangleright (.) . . . . . . . 15
\trianglerighteq () . . . . 24
\trianglerighteq (D) . . . . 24
\trianglerighteqslant (Q) 24
triangles . . . . . . . . . . 33, 42, 43
\TriangleUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 42
\TriangleUp ( vs. ) . . . . 49
\TriangleUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 43
\Tsteel (œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\TTsteel (š) . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\Tumbler () . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\TwelweStar ( ) . . . . . . . . 41
\twoheadleftarrow () . . . 25
\twoheadrightarrow () . . 25
\twonotes () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
txfonts (package) . 15, 16, 19–29,
33–35, 48, 50, 56, 57
3
o 3
o
2
4
1
n 1
n
J
U
\U (a
¼) . . . . . . . . . . .
\u (ă) . . . . . . . . . . .
\udot () . . . . . . . . .
\ulcorner (x) . . . . .
\ulcorner (p) . . . . .
ulsy (package) . . . . .
umlaut . . . . . . . . .
\underaccent . . . . .
\underarch (a
) . . . .
\underbrace (loomoon)
. . . . . . 10
. . . . . . 10
. . . . . . 17
. . . . . . 29
. . . . . . 29
. 17, 27, 56
see accents
. . . . . . 52
. . . . . . 12
. . . . . . 32
\underbrace (|{z}) . . . . . . . 31
\underbracket . . . . . . . 51, 52
\underbracket ( ) . . . . . . . 52
\underdots (r) . . . . . . . . . . 12
\undergroup (looo n) . . . . . . . 32
\underleftarrow ( ) . . . . .
←
−
\underleftrightarrow ( )
←
→
\underline ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\underparenthesis . . . . 51,
\underparenthesis (|}) . . .
32
32
31
52
52
\underrightarrow ( ) . . . . 32
→
−
\underring (y) . . . . . . . . . . 12
underscore . . . . . . . . . . see \_
\undertilde (|) . . . . . . . . . 12
\underwedge (}) . . . . . . . . . 12
union . . . . . . . . . . . . see \cup
unity (1) . . see alphabets, math
\unlhd (E) . . . . . . . . . . 15, 16
\unrhd (D) . . . . . . . . . . 15, 16
\UParrow (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\Uparrow (⇑) . . . . . . . . . 25, 30
\uparrow (↑) . . . . . . . . . 25, 30
\upbracketfill . . . . . . . . . 52
\Updownarrow (m) . . . . . 25, 30
\updownarrow (l) . . . . . 25, 30
\updownarrows (Ö) . . . . . . . 26
\updownharpoons (ê) . . . . . . 27
\upharpoonleft (ä) . . . . . . . 27
\upharpoonleft () . . . . . . . 25
\upharpoonright (æ) . . . . . . 27
\upharpoonright () . . . . . . 25
\uplus (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\uplus (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\upp (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\upparenthfill . . . . . . . . . 52
upquote (package) . . . . . . . . 53
upright Greek letters . . . . . . 28
\Upsilon (Υ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\upsilon (υ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\upsilonup (υ) . . . . . . . . . . 28
\upt (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\uptodownarrow (þ) . . . . . . 26
\upuparrows (Ò) . . . . . . . . . 26
\upuparrows () . . . . . . . . . 25
\upupharpoons (Ú) . . . . . . . 27
\Uranus (G ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Uranus (Ç) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\uranus (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\urcorner (y) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\urcorner (q) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
url (package) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\US () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\usepackage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
V
\v (ǎ) . . . . . . . .
\varangle () .
\varbigcirc (,)
\VarClock ( ) .
\varclubsuit (p)

74
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34
16
47
34
\varcurlyvee () . . . . . . . . 16
\varcurlywedge () . . . . . . 16
\vardiamondsuit (q) . . . . . . 34
\varEarth (J ) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\varepsilon (ε) . . . . . . . . . 28
\varepsilonup (ε) . . . . . . . . 28
\VarFlag ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 47
varg (txfonts/pxfonts package option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\varg (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\vargeq (©) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\varhash (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\varheartsuit (r) . . . . . . . 34
\varhexagon (9) . . . . . . . . . 42
\varhexstar (B) . . . . . . . . . 41
variable-sized symbols . . 17–19
\VarIceMountain ( ) . . . . . 47
\varinjlim (lim) . . . . . . . . . 28
r −→
\varint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\varkappa (κ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\varleq (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\varliminf (lim) . . . . . . . . . 28
\varlimsup (lim) . . . . . . . . . 28
\varmathbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
\VarMountain ( ) . . . . . . . . 47
\varnothing (∅) . . . . . . . . . 33
\varnotin (T) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\varnotowner (U) . . . . . . . . 29
\varoast () . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\varobar () . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\varobslash () . . . . . . . . . 16
\varocircle () . . . . . . . . . 16
\varodot () . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\varogreaterthan (5) F. . . . 16
\varoiiintclockwise ( ) . 19
N
\varoiiintctrclockwise ( )
. . . . . . . . . 19
\varoiint ( ) . . . . B
. . . . . . 19
\varoiintclockwise ( ) . . 19
J
\varoiintctrclockwise ( ) 19
u
\varoint ( ) . . . . .- . . . . . . 18
\varointclockwise ( ) . . . . 19
\varointclockwise ( ) +. . . . 19
\varointctrclockwise ( ) . 19
\varointctrclockwise ( ) . . 19
\varolessthan (4) . . . . . . . 16
\varominus () . . . . . . . . . . 16
\varoplus () . . . . . . . . . . 16
\varoslash () . . . . . . . . . . 16
\varotimes () . . . . . . . . . . 16
\varovee (6) . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\varowedge (7) . . . . . . . . . . 16
\varparallel (∥) . . . . . . . . 21
\varparallelinv (
) . . . . . . 21
\varphi (ϕ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\varphiup (ϕ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\varpi ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\varpiup ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\varprod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\varprojlim (lim) . . . . . . . . 28
←−
\varpropto (∝) . . . . . . . . . . 20
!
\varrho (%) . . . . . . . .
\varrhoup (%) . . . . . .
\varsigma (ς) . . . . . .
\varsigmaup (ς) . . . .
\varspadesuit (s) . .
\varsqsubsetneq ()
\varsqsubsetneqq ()
\varsqsupsetneq ()
\varsqsupsetneqq ()
\varstar () . . . . . . .
\varsubsetneq () . .
\varsubsetneq ( ) . .
\varsubsetneqq () .
\varsubsetneqq (&) .
\VarSummit ( ) . . . .
\varsupsetneq () . .
\varsupsetneq (!) . .
\varsupsetneqq () .
\varsupsetneqq (') .

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\VarTaschenuhr ( ) . .
\vartheta (ϑ) . . . . . . .
\varthetaup (ϑ) . . . . .
\vartimes (") . . . . . . .
\vartriangle (M) . . . .
\vartriangleleft ()
\vartriangleleft (C)
\vartriangleright ()
\vartriangleright (B)
\varv (3) . . . . . . . . . .
\varw (4) . . . . . . . . . .
\vary (2) . . . . . . . . . .
\VBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\VDash (() . . . . . . . . .
\Vdash (,) . . . . . . . . .
\Vdash () . . . . . . . . .
\vDash (() . . . . . . . . .
\vDash () . . . . . . . . .
\vdash (`) . . . . . . . . .
.
\vdots (..) . . . . . . . . . .
\vec (~) . . . . . . . . . . .
\Vectorarrow (p) . . . . .
\Vectorarrowhigh (P) . .
\vee (_) . . . . . . . . . . .
\vee (∨) . . . . . . . . . . .
\veebar (Y) . . . . . . . .
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28
28
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28
34
23
23
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17
23
22
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22
47
23
22
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28
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33
24
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24
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28
28
28
42
21
21
20
21
20
20
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33
31
34
34
17
15
17
\veebar (Y) .
\veedoublebar
\Venus (B ) . .
\Venus (Ã) . .
\venus (♀) . .
\vernal () .
\Vert (k) . . .
\vert (|) . . . .
\VHF (@) . . . .
....
([)
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
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15
17
37
36
36
36
30
30
36
\Village (
\Virgo (å) .
\virgo (`)
\VT (♂) . . . .
\vv ( #») . . .
\VvDash ()
\Vvdash (,)
\Vvdash ()
\vvvert (~)
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21
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20
30
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W
\WashCotton (‰) . . . . . . . . 46
\WashSynthetics (Š) . . . . 46
\WashWool (‹) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\wasylozenge (◊) . . . . . . . . 45
\wasypropto () . . . . . . . . . 20
wasysym (package) 8, 13–16, 18,
20, 22, 23, 25, 33, 34, 36–38,
41, 42, 45, 49, 56, 57
\wasytherefore (∴) . . . . . . 34
\WeakRain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\WeakRainCloud ( ) . . . . . . 46
weather symbols . . . . . . . . . 46

\Wecker ( ) . . . . . .
\wedge (^) . . . . . . . .
\wedge (∧) . . . . . . . .
Weierstrass ℘ function
\Wheelchair (w) . . . .
\widearrow (t) . . . . .
\widebar (s) . . . . . . .
\widecheck (q) . . . . .
\widehat (b) . . . . . . .
\wideparen (u) . . . . .
\wideparen (ó) . . . . .
\widering (˚
ó) . . . . . .
.
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.
. . . . 47
. . . . 17
. . . . 15
see \wp
. . . . 43
. . . . 32
. . . . 32
. . . . 32
. . . . 31
. . . . 32
. . . . 31
. . . . . 32
˚
\widering (ó) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
75
\widetilde (e) . .
\widetriangle (æ)
\wind . . . . . . . . .
Windows . . . . . . .
\Womanface (þ) .
\wp (℘) . . . . . . . .
\wr (o) . . . . . . . .
wreath product . .
\Writinghand (b)
wsuipa (package)
56
X
\XBox (4) . .
\Xi (Ξ) . . . .
\xi (ξ) . . . .
\xiup (ξ) . .
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. . . . . . . . 31
. . . . . . . 31
. . . . . . . . 46
. . . . . . . . 54
. . . . . . . . 46
. . . . . . . . 29
. . . . . . . . 15
. . . . see \wr
. . . . . . . . 43
10, 12, 49, 52,
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41
28
28
28
\xleftarrow (←
−) . . . . . . . . 32
XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\xrightarrow (−
→)
Xs . . . . . . . . . . .
\XSolid ( ) . . . .
\XSolidBold ( )
\XSolidBrush ( )
XY-pic . . . . . . . . .
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.
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.
...
40,
...
...
...
...
..
41,
..
..
..
..
32
43
40
40
40
51
Y
\Ydown () . . . .
yfonts (package) .
yhmath (package)
\Yinyang (Y) . .
\Yleft () . . . .
\yogh (`) . . . . .
\Yright () . . .
\Yup () . . . . . .
......
. . . 35,
31, 33,
......
......
......
......
......
..
56,
51,
..
..
..
..
..
16
57
56
46
16
10
16
16
...
39,
...
...
...
...
...
...
35
41
56
43
28
28
37
37
#
$
%
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Z
Zapf Chancery . .
Zapf Dingbats . . .
zapfchan (package)
\Zborder ( ) . . .
\zeta (ζ) . . . . . .
\zetaup (ζ) . . . . .
\Zodiac . . . . . . .
zodiacal symbols .
Z
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The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List

Transcription

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The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List

Abstracts - TeX Users Group