Highlight SID 2003 - Information Display

Transcription

Innovation and LCD TV'
Highlight SID 2003
• SID 2003 Review
• Show Overview • LCDs
• Emissives • Microdisplays
• Equipment and Materials
• Display Semiconductors and Electronics
• Business Conference • Awards
Cost reduction, evolution, and innovation could
all be seen at SID 2003, which bodes well for the
display industry's future.
2
Editorial
When Did PCs Get Boring ?
Kenneth I. Werner
12
Overview: Finding a Theme
Cost reduction, evolution, and innovation could all be seen at SID 2003,
which bodes well for the display industry's future.
Ken Werner
16
Liquid-Crystal Displays: Big and Bigger
Manufacturers are pinning their hopes on the entertainment market to use
up increasing production capacity.
Alfred Poor
Greg Pease for SID
20
Light-emitting ·displays are being used in applications from headmounted viewers to stadium displays - and everywhere in between.
David Lieberman
26
Next Month in
Emissive Displays Shine On
Microdisplays: LCoS Projects a Bright Future
At SID 2003, more companies were showing real LCoS-display products,
and with supporting components commercially available, more microdisplay-based products will reach consumers during the next year.
Stephen P. Atwood
Information Display
30
Large-Area Displays
• DLP" ' Rear Projection
• Tiled Displays
• LCDTV
• LCoS Projection
34
Manufacturing: Equipment and Materials
This year, about one-third of the SID exhibitors were equipment or
materials suppliers - not counting chip suppliers.
Patrick Dunn
Electronics Is Where You Find It
The display-electronics environment is changing so rapidly that it is hard
to recognize a single trend - except that every conceivable ecological
niche is being explored for competitive advantages.
Ken Werner
38
Expert Opinion: LCD-TV Technology
Gary Feather
39
INFORMATION DISPLAY (ISSN 0362-0972) is published eleven
times a year for the Society for Information Display by Palisades
Conve ntion Manageme nt, 4 11 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor, New
York , NY 10003; Leonard H. Klein , President and CEO.
EDITORI AL AND BUSINESS OFFICES: Jay Morreale. Managing
Editor, Palisades Convention Management, 41 1 Lafayette Street, 2nd
F loor, New York , NY 10003; telephone 2 12/460-9700. Se nd
manuscripts to the attention of the Editor, 10. Director of Sales:
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Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor. New York, NY I 0003; 2 12/460-9700.
SID HEADQUARTERS, for correspondence on subscriptions and
membership: Society for Information Display, 6 10 S. 2nd Street,
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0 1970 (reference serial code 0362-0972/03/$ 1.00 + $0.00). Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial
classroom use without fee. This permission does not apply to any
special repon s or lists published in this magazine. For other copying,
reprint or republication permission, write to Society fo r Information
Display, 6 10 S. Second Street, San Jose, CA 95 11 2. Copyright ©
2003 Society fo r Information Display. All rights reserved.
Expert Opinion: Predicting the Future
Yoichi Taira
40
The First SID Business Conference
Joe Hallett
42
SID 2003 Honors and Awards
Stephen P. Atwood
44
Battle for Big-Screen Bucks
Joe Hallett
55
55
Sustaining Members
Advertiser's Index
56
Backlight
Looking at OLEDs
David Lieberman
For Industry News, New Products, Forthcoming Articles, and Complete,
Continually Updated Conference Calendar, see www.sid.org.
Information Display 9/03
1
Information
DISPLAY
When Did PCs Get Boring?
Maybe it was the "dot bomb" that blew the excitement out of computer technology. Or maybe we got
tired of waiting for a new "killer ap" that never came.
Maybe they realized that each generation of faster
processors did not really change what they did with
their computers. Maybe computers just became routine parts of our professional and personal lives.
Although computers are more embedded in modern
life than they have ever been, they have also become annoying. The main feature of Microsoft's latest operating system seems to be that it offers hackers
more opportunities to corrupt my network. E-mail is an essential tool, but my
cyberspace mailbox is just as full of junk mail as the steel mailbox at the end of
the driveway. In other words, the PC has become a tool instead of a passion,
and although we will forgive the objects of our passions almost anything, we
tend to be critical of our tools.
Generalizations, of course, are risky. One of the kids that filled my barbecue
grill's propane tank last week was talking about installing a liquid-cooled
motherboard in his computer, but he's a gamer, and garners still think that computers are fun. In a recent survey of corporate PC purchasers, the thing that was
of most concern in IT purchases was reduced cost. Obtaining competitive
advantage through technology purchases was only rated third . Some analysts
and purchasers were so defeatist as to say that it is not possib le to gain a competitive advantage by buying commodity hardware and software. Others disagreed
with that pessimistic position, saying that the uniqueness of the technology is far
less important than the innovative things done with it, but it is very clear that for
corporate users the bloom is off the computing rose.
That is true in a way of the display industry, too. Computer aps will remain
critical to the industry, of course. At SID 2003, David Mentley of iSuppli/
Stanford Resources told members of the press that notebook PCs and LCD desktop monitors together would account for more than 60% of the LCD market in
2005, as they did in 2000. But it was clear at SID 2003, as it is clear from discussions with display makers (and from reading their press releases), that the
technological excitement has turned to medium-to-large-screen displays for television and smallish displays for portable applications, despite the fact that these
markets are much smaller than the market for computers.
Why is that? Well, the "Wow!" fac tor is pretty much gone from notebook
displays and LCD monitors. There are lots of good ones, and the business has
become one of high investment, high volumes, very slender margins, and neverending pressure to reduce cost. That is not fun for the makers of the displays,
even though the products remain attractive to consumers. And while there are
some technologies in the background that could - and may -reduce the cost and
improve the performance of computer displays in exciting ways, large-screen
TV and high-performance portables are using some really interesting technology
to deliver the "Wow!" now. And, at least as important, they also promise to provide some decent margins to manufacturers, at least for a while.
-KIW
We welcome your comments and suggestions. You can reach me by e-mail at kwerner@
nutmegconsultants .com, by fax at 203/855-9769, or by phone at 203/853-7069. The contents of
upcoming issues of ID are available on the ID page at the SID Web site (http:// www.sid. org).
2
Information Display 9103
Editor: Kenneth I. Werner
Managing Editor: Jay Morreale
Administrative Editor: Dian Mecca
Administrative Assistant: Ralph Nadell
Contributing Editors: David Lieberman,
Bryan Norris, Alfred Poor
Advertising Manager: Jay Morreale
Sales Manager: Joanne Morgenthal
Editorial Advisory Board
Ed Stupp
Consultant, U.S.A.
Alan Mosley
CRL Opto, U.K.
Budiman Sastra
LG.Philips LCD, Korea
Keniichi Betsui
Fujitsu Laboratories, Japan
Hsing-Yao Chen
Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Taiwan
Stephen Atwood
TFS, Advanced Video Technologies, U.S.
The opinions expressed in editorial s,
columns, and feature articles do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the editor or
publisher of Information Display Magazine, nor do they necessaril y reflect the
position of the Society for Information
Display.
Finding a Theme
Cost reduction, evolution, and innovation could all be seen at
SID 2003, which bodes wellfor the display industry 's future.
by Ken Werner
THE
2003 Society for Information
Display International Symposium, Seminar,
and Exhibition (SID '03), held May 18-23 in
Baltimore, Maryland, was large, li vely, and
complex. This entire issue of Information
Display- nine articles written by six correspondents, plus two expert opinion pieces by
Yoichi Taira of IBM Research Japan and
Gary Feather of Sharp Laboratories America
-is devoted to it. We have organized our
coverage by both technology and event, as we
do each year. Thi s year, the articles cover
LCDs, emissive displays, microdisplays, and
display electronics and semiconductors, and
we also have articles on the new SID business
conference, the annual awards dinner, and the
evening panel.
The details are fascinating , and it is easy to
get lost in them. But if one stands back far
enough, does a theme- or a few themes emerge from the all the activities of hundreds
of exhibitors, hundreds of technical-paper
presenters, and thousands of attendees? Let' s
see, keeping in mind that a large event like
SID can be like the fab led elephant that is
examined by the six blind wise men. Depending on the part each grabbed first, the different
wise men got very different ideas of the nature
of the elephant. Nonetheless ...
Last year, it seemed that OLED prototypes
were everywhere. This year, they sti ll were,
but a few more modules were actually available for sale - or soon will be - and some new
players had entered the fray. As David
Lieberman notes in his "Backlight" column,
Ken Werner is the editor of Information
Display magazine.
12
this is the year that DuPont (with Olight~ ,
Kodak (with NuVue®), and OSRAM (with
Picti va"') thought the time was ripe to come
up with brands fo r their OLED displays. The
lifetimes and efficiencies of OLED materials
have improved impressively over the last
year, but not enough to ease the intensity of
materials development.
Kodak 's AM550L full-color OLED, which
appeared at SID 2002 ready for sampling,
showed up at SID 2003 as the monitor/
viewfinder in Kodak's LS633 digital still
camera. It is the first full-co lor OLED to
appear in a commercial product. And the title
for largest demonstrated OLED was passed to
Chi Mei Optoelectronics and IDTech's 20-in.
prototype. There were a goodl y number of
line and dot defects, but the big news was that
this unit was using an amorphous-silicon
acti ve-matrix backplane - an impo11ant
advance that promises lower-cost large
OLEOs to come.
Even more obvious than the OLEDs were
the large LCD TVs from Samsung (54-in.
diagonal ), LG.Philips LCD (52-in.), and
Sharp (37-in.). Substantial efforts have been
Greg Pease for SID
Fig. 1: The exhibits at SID 2003 were often innovative, and the show was lively.
0362 -0972/0311909-012$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
Ken Werner
Fig. 2: Baltimore's famous Inner Harbor- which SID attendees passed as they walked from
th e headquarrers hotel ro the convenrion center- was lively, even when the weather was gray.
made to improve not only the viewing angles
of these module and monitors, but also to
minimize changes of color with viewing
angle. The results are impressive. On another
front, the major manufacturers are implementing versions of feed-forward driving, which
significantly speeds pixel switching between
gray levels. This go.es a long way toward
eliminating the motion smear that has beleaguered LCD TVs, and there are even more
improvements coming in the next 12 months.
The best large LCD TVs are impressive,
although the largest are not yet available for
sale. Sharp's 37-in . model is available in
quantity, and Samsung 's 40-in. has been in
limited distribution for well over a year.
Except for Sharp, very-large (37-in.-andhigher) LCD TYs are not in wide-scale circulation- that's plasma territory . So the excitement and optimism of the large- creen LCD
brigade is very interesting. Large LCDs have
not yet joined the retail-sales battle with
PDPs. but some of their proponents are
already predicting victory - at least through
42 in.
On the small-LCD front, Sharp showed its
truly impressive Advanced TFf (A-TFf)
LCD technology. This transflective LCD
architecture splits each subpixel in two and
gives each part a different structure, one optimized for the transmissive mode and the other
for the reflective mode. The result can be
startling. A display in Sharp's booth looked
very nice in the ambient light of the convention floor. When a 500,000-candlepower spot
was shone on the display, its color balance
barely seemed to change, and it remained
highly readable. Implemented in the company's continuous-grain-silicon (CG Silicon)
TFf material, a full -VGA pixel format fits on
a 3.7-in. A-TFf display. The display is not
just a laboratory prototype; it will be available
to OEMs by the time this issue goes to press.
Another innovative small display in the
Sharp booth was a switchable 2-D/autostereoscopic 3-D display for cellular telephones.
The display module is available, and it is
being used in cellular telephones in Asia.
Clairvoyante Laboratories ' Pentile
Matrixn" LCDs popped up in several places on
the show floor. The company's technology
re-maps the usual pixel geometry and uses
subpixel rendering in two dimensions to
increase the modulation transfer function
(MTF), a measure of image harpness, of the
Ken Werner
Fig. 3: SiPix Imaging, Inc., has a customer fo r irs bistable Microcupn.' electrophoretic display,
the frrsr conunercial display to be made wirh a ro/1-ro-ro/1 process.
Infonnation Display 9/03
13
overview
Greg Pease for SID
Fig. 4: A conversation in DuPont Displays' booth, which fo cused on the company's Olight"'
OLED displays.
image without increasi ng the number of
drivers. Alternati vely, the number of drivers
(and the cost) can be decreased while maintaining the existing MTF. The technology has
been under development for several years, but
this year it was on exhibit at the Samsung and
Wintek Electro-Optics Corp . booths, as well
as in a 17-in. Chi Mei Optoelectronics panel
in ClairVoyante's booth that was equivalent to
a conventional 1280 x I 024 panel.
Philips was showing the latest version of its
single-panel scrolling-color 1280 x 720 LCoS
rear-projection TV . The picture qu ality was
impressive, and it is now a product. Fortyfour and 55 -in. versions were scheduled to go
on sale in North America in August under the
brand-name Cineos with a projected price of
$3000-4000.
Devices That Do Not Fit
The problem with grouping coverage into
established technology categories is that it is
hard to find a place for devices that are so
novel they do not fit into a specific category.
As an exercise to see how far the miniaturization of an integrated module can be pushed,
Philips Mo bile Display Systems' C4 prototype cellular-telephone module was described
as impressively small. It con ist of two display of a clamshell cellular telephone, backlight, vibra-motor, transceiver, and integrated
camera with all video processing on board.
Genoa Color Technologies combined with
Philips on a rear-projection TV using five
14
color primaries to produce a 60%-wider color
gamut, which was evident. A significant part
of the technology is the algorithm that selects
on the fl y the optimal combination of primaries (of the many possibilities) for creating
each displayed color, the importance of which
may have been indicated by the pre ence of
Genoa' s Algorithm Manager. (How many
display companies have an algorithm manager?)
SiPix Imaging, Inc. (Milpitas, California)
was showing the firs t commercial application
of its process for making roll-to-roll bistable
electrophoretic displays (EPDs) using its
Microcup® micro-patterned plastic substrate.
The customer, SmartDisplayer®, was sharing
the booth and showing the display in its "PCIike Sman Card." The seven- egment EPD
was striking, not because it stood out on the
card but because it did not: it looked remarkably like the printing on the rest of the card
and lived under the same protecti ve transparent film. Is this the first roll-to-roll display in
commercial use?
And, in poster paper P-52 , "Large FiberBased Displays," Chad Moore of upi x
(Corning, New York) demonstrated potentiall y large display based on structures consisting of shaped optical fibers with co-drawn
wire electrodes. On di splay were a plasma
display and a plasma-addressed Gyricon®
electronic-paper display. This is classic
garage-shop technology development (backyard development in this case because the
fiber drawing tower is reportedly in Moore' s
backyard). There always seemed to be a
crowd around Moore's poster, and many of
the comments in the surrounding crowd were
along the lines of "This is either a brilliantl y
simple, incredibl y disruptive technology or it
is absolutely nuts.'' There is more to come on
this one, I am sure - and Moore is looking for
partners.
Toshiba Am erica Electronic Components
showed a system-on-glass (SOG) AMLCD
that incorporated an optical sensing device in
each pixel location that allowed the display to
fu nction also as a small scanner, although one
without moving parts.
A final item that does not fit easily into our
organi zational structure is touch technology,
which is growing in importance with the
increas ing popularity of portable devices,
kiosks offering various services, and tablet
computers. Fujitsu Components was particularly featuring its new surface-acou tic- wave
(SAW) tou ch screens, which can have an
extremely high transmissivity. SAW is an old
technology, but Fujitsu has 10 recent patents
covering a new transducer/recei ver design,
manufacturing processes, DSP circuitry, and
algorithms. (I wonder if Fujitsu, like Genoa,
has an algorithm manager?) Also exhibiting
their touch-screen technologies were Elo
Touc hSystems , CyberTo uch , and USA
EEL Y-ECW. But the importance of touch
technology was indicated by the fact that no
less than 26 companies had themselves listed
under "touch screens" in the SID 2003 Prod-
Fujitsu Components
Fig. 5: As a major touch-screen participant,
Fujitsu ComponenTs is attempting to revive
swface-acoustic-wave (SAW) technology.
Because nothing is applied to the active area
of the display, such touch displays can be
highly transmissive.
uct Guide. Many of these companies made
substrates for touch screens or integrated
touch screens made by others into their ow n
monitors, but the vigor of the segment is clear.
To sum up, in addition to cost red uctions in
mature and maturing segments, evolutionary
technological improvements, and commercialization of new technologies, there was no
shortage of genuine innovation at SID 2003 ,
and there is every reason to expect more in the
future. Perhaps that is one reason why the
display sector is sailing along rapidly while
the rest of the electronics industry remains
becalmed .
other trade shows dropped by 20 or 30%. The
number of exhibit booths only dropped to 451
(from 474), and exhibitors were generall y
pleased with the quantity and quality of their
contacts. The new SID Business Conference,
held on the Monday of Display Week, was,
with over 400 registrants and good reviews,
even more of a success than its enthusiastic
organi zers anticipated.
That is one person's overview of the shape
of the elephant that was SID 2003 . To zero in
on the pachyderm 's various parts in more
detail, please turn the page. •
15
SEPTEMBER
The 23rd Interna tional
Display Research Conference (IDRC 2003)
PHOENIX, ARIZONA
SEPTEMBER 15-18, 2003
• An international conference on display
research and development aspects of:
• Display Materials (liquid crvstals smallmolecule and polymer OLEOs phosphors
optical compensation films flexible substrates
etc.) • Display modeling Design and Processing • Display Systems and Human Interfaces
The Numbers
Overall attendance at SID declined moderately to 5700 from 6500 in 2002 . Far from
being a disappointment, this was considered
an achievement in a year in which teiTorism
threats, war, and SARS during the run-up to
SID caused man y to weigh travel plans very
carefull y, and in which attendance at some
Please send new product releases or
news items to Information Display,
c/o Palisades Convention Management,
411 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor, New
York, NY 10003.
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15
Liquid-Crystal Displays: Big and Bigger
Manufacturers are pinning their hopes on the entertainment
market to use up increasing production capacity.
by Alfred Poor
A
T the SID 2003 exhibition, more than
40 exhibitors showed up with LCD panel and
related products. It is not possible to give a
detailed review of all the exhibits, but a brief
synop is of the hi ghlights reveals some important new themes. While there were a number
of trends and new developments in evidence
among the booths. none were so obvious a
the impact of LCD television on the industry.
Many manufacturers are counting on LCD
TVs to transform their busines es. The development of the new Gens 6 and 7 fabrication
line capable of handling 3-4 square meter of
glas per sheet makes larger display more
practical. At the same time, if LCD technology can make significant inroad into the
enormou worldwide television market, then
the manufacturers will be able to find buyers
for thi rapidly increasing output capacity.
Ros Young of Di playSearch projected that
the price of LCD TVs 33- 37 in. on the diagonal will drop below $1500 by 2006, at which
point LCDs will become the dominant technology, accounting for nearly half of all TV
modules larger than 30 in.
Alfred Poor is President of Working Papers,
a technical writing service that creates white
papers and other documents for display industry and other technology companies. He is
also a contributing editor to Information
Display and PC Magazine, a columnist for
Computer Shopper, and a founding member of
the Society for Information Display's Display
of the Year Award Committee. He can be
reached at 700 East Walnut, Perkasie, PA
/ 8944; telephone/fax 2151453-93/2, e-mail:
alfred@ working-papers.com.
16
The bellwether of this movement were
easy to pot. LG.Philips LCD had a monster
prototype 16:9 display with 1920 x 1080
pixels that measured 52 in. diagonally, yet it
still was not the largest LCD TV on exhibit.
Samsung Semiconductor had a pair of
display with the same resolution as the
LG .Philips LCD unit, but measured 54 in.
diagonally. In both cases, the displays were
a lovely a they were large, with bright,
colorful image .
The commercial LCD products ready for
market were not all that much smaller.
LG.Phillips LCD ha a 30-in.-diagonal model
with wide-XGA resolution- 1280 x 768
pixels - shipping now and a 42-in .-diagonal
unit that is lated to ship in the third quarter of
this year. Samsung Electronics already has
Greg Pease for SID
Samsung 's large booth contained its 54-in. LCD- TV module- the world 's largest- and a
variery of advanced-technology protorypes and smaller commercial LCDs.
Jnforma rion Display 9/03
0362-0972/03/ 1909-016$1 .00 + .00 © SID 2003
32- and 40-in. wide-XGA panels in mass
production. Sharp Microelectronics of the
Americas has a 37-in. module that is designed
for television applications. Sharp was one of
the first companies to announce a commitment to the LCD-TV market, and already has
31 different TV models available. Sharp' s
30- and 37-in. modules were initially used
only in Sharp's own TV sets, but the company
was announcing at SID that modules would
now be available to other OEMs.
used in Digital Light Processing' " (DLP) "'
micromirror projectors to increase image
brightness.
Another fast-growing market segment for
LCDs is the automotive industry, especially
entertainment displays for rear-seat passengers. Sharp has an 8.8-in.-diagonal panel in
use in a BMW SUV model. Optrex showed a
7.0-in. wide-format panel with 480 x 234
pixels. LG.Philips LCD has wide-format
panels from 6.5 to 8.0 in. on the diagonal
scheduled to ship this year.
Improved Performance
Just as important as larger size was the better
performance demonstrated by many LCD-TV
panels. Viewing angle is a key factor in creating a satisfactory viewing experience, and
most manufacturers were demonstrating their
latest designs, including variations of in-plane
switching and multiple-domain liquid-crystal
alignments.
Speed is also an important factor in television applications because the liquid-crystal
cells must respond rapidly so that fast-moving
images do not smear or blur. Years ago,
Hitachi demonstrated Feed Forward Driving.,"
that would overdrive a cell in order to change
it from one gray level to another faster than it
would change otherwise. At SID 2003, that
technology was incorporated into a panel
demonstrated by Optrex and intended for a
wide range of industrial applications requiring
fast image response times. LG.Philips LCD,
Samsung Electronics , and Sharp Microelectronics of the Americas were among the
companies demonstrating similar "overdrive"
strategies to increase liquid-crystal-cell
response times. The Sharp implementation
has feedback loops that take the temperature
of the glass substrates into account and adjust
the driving signals accordingly.
LCD televisions must also be bright, and
Samsung Electronics demonstrated panels
that managed to enhance both resolution and
brightness at the same time. Using technology licensed from ClairVoyante Laboratories,
the panels use special color-fllter patterns for
the liquid-crystal subpixels. Instead of using
just the red-, green-, and blue-striped filters
found in conventional designs, the Samsung
panels use a checkerboard pattern that also
has clear subpixels that show as white.
According to company representatives, this
approach increases brightness by 30-70%.
The design is analogous to the four-segment
color wheels -red, green, blue, and white -
Mobile Telephones
As important as they are, there is more to the
LCD market than just giant televisions. The
mobile-telephone segment is consuming acres
of glass, and many manufacturers are seeking
ways to increase their share of the sales.
Active-matrix panels on amorphous silicon
(a-Si) and low-temperature polysilicon
(LTPS) abound, while passive-matrix LCDs
in monochrome and full color continue to play
an important role in lower-cost products.
Philips Mobile Display Systems (MDS) is
one company that hopes to make it easier for
telephone makers to incorporate Philips displays in their products. In a move reminiscent
of the recent "smart panel" designs for desktop monitors, the company has designed complete modules that incorporate many components. The latest is the Compact Clam Color
Camera Module - known as the C4 - that
includes a full-color active-matrix main display,
a full-color passive-matrix external display (or
sub-display), and a VGA camera. The selfcontained module also has a single backlight
that is shared by the two LCDs. Working
samples are available now, and the modules
will be in full production by the end of the year.
Panel makers are focusing on ways to
improve performance for mobile telephones
and portable devices while reducing weight
and increasing battery life. Philips , NEC,
and Sharp are some of the companies that
have developed transflective technology so
that the level of reflectivity can be adjusted in
response to the requirements of different consumer-product applications. Approaching the
problem from a different direction, Wintek
Electro-Optics Corp. has created a 2.8-in.
320 x 320-pixel panel based on ClairVoyante
Laboratories' PenTile"" matrix technology.
Compared with equivalent panels, the Wintek
design requires one-third fewer column
drivers, which makes it possible for designers
to choose between lower power consumption
and higher brightness.
Environmental factors are of growing concern, including the mercury found in typical
cold-cathode fluorescent LCD backlights.
Sharp has developed a 3.5-in. QVGA panel
with a white LED backlight. The company is
also investigating xenon lamps and backlights
that use red, green, and blue LEDs.
Other companies demonstrating a range of
LCD products for mobile-telephone and
portable-device applications included Vision
Display Systems Co., Three-Five Systems,
and Info Incorporation.
Backplanes
Amorphous silicon remains dominant for
active-matrix LCD backplanes, and some
attendees were surprised to see demonstrations of a-Si substrates for OLED displays.
Representatives of Planar Systems presented
a paper that may point the way to a new feature for a-Si panels. Using a panel with red,
green, blue, and white subpixels, researchers
put a small·TFT optical sensor in every fourth
white subpixel. This makes it possible to
track a finger or stylus on the surface of the
panel, providing touch-screen functionality
without the extra layers required for capacitive, inductive, or resistive touch technologies.
Another approach to adding touch-screen
capabilities was shown by Toshiba America
Electronic Components. The company has
10.4- and 12.1-in. AMLCD panels using LTPS
backplanes, which only require connections
along one edge. This makes it easier to slide
touch-screen components in between the
panel and the backlight, which can save development time for designers of tablet-PC products. The company also demonstrated a system-on-glass (SOG) prototype 3.5-in. LTPS
panel that includes monochrome photosensors
that let the panel also act as a scanner. It can
be used to capture business-card images or bar
codes, or can scan fingerprints for biometric
security applications.
Sharp continues to develop continuousgrain-silicon (CG Silicon) substrates for the
AMLCDs which are used in the Sharp Zaurus
SL-C700 PDA and certain Sharp digital cameras. The company is opening a new CG Silicon plant this summer.
Novel Technologies and Designs
A number of companies demonstrated LCD
panels with some unusual attributes. Both
17
LCDs
Optrex
Optrex showed a 15-in. LCD with Feed Forward DrivingTM (FFDTM) for industrial applications,
perhaps the first commercially available FFDTM display intended for applications other than
large-screen TV and video.
Sharp and Samsung had 3-D displays that
did not require the use of special glasses.
Samsung's panel was 22.2-in. on the diagonal,
with a 1280 x 800-pixel format.
NEC Electronics America had some
unusual displays. One was a two-sided
"double-wide" panel designed for retail applications, in which a pair of 21-in.-diagonal
panels with 1280 x 462 pixels shared a common backlight. The company also showed
panels that were designed to be mounted in
portrait orientation. The liquid-crystal cells in
most panels are arranged to provide the best
viewing angles while in landscape mode, but
in these panels the cell structure is rotated 90°
so that the best performance is seen in portrait
mode.
While most bistable displays rely on
materials other than nematic liquid crystal,
Nemoptic continues to develop their BiNem®
technology, which makes standard liquidcrystal material bistable. Picvue Electronics
has licensed the design and is starting production in Taiwan for an e-book application.
Nemoptic hopes to sample color versions of
their display in the third quarter of 2003.
Rainbow Dispklys - known for tiling LCD
panels to create large displays - was conspicuously absent from the exhibit hall, as their
booth sat empty. Landmark Technologies
18 lnfomtation Display 9/03
was present, however, with their own tiled
demonstration panel that was made from four
15-in. XGA panels. And for applications that
require smaller or unusually shaped panels,
Tannas Electronic Displays can custom-cut
panels to fit specific applications.
Faster Development
Given the accelerated product life cycles in
many industries, many manufacturers made a
point of the fact that newer panels were plugcompatible and physically compatible with
older models of the same size, making it easy
to upgrade products.
In addition to backward compatibility,
Optrex has focused on other ways to make it
easier for designers to incorporate LCD panels
into new products. The company showed its
new LCD ToolKITs, which include a 10.4-in.
VGA or 15-in. XGA panel and all the
required components, including controller
board with on-screen display, backlight
inverter board and power cable, power supply,
analog RGB cable, video-input cable, and a
CD-ROM wi th documentation.
environmental ruggedness are important factors. For example, Kristel Corp. showed a
17-in . screen that produces 1000 nits. Industrial Siemens Fkltpanel Technology (i-sft)
had a range of sunlight-readable displays that
included a 15-in. XGA model rated at 1600
nits. Digital Systems Engineering enhances
standard LCD panels to make them sunlightreadable, increasing their efficiency so that
the power requirements are lower; their products are designed to run longer on batteries or
solar power.
IDTech and Planar Systems both demonstrated high-resolution monochrome LCD
panels designed for medical applications.
Both have 21.3-in. gray-scale panels with
5 Mpixels (2560 x 3 x 2048 pixels) offering
154 pixels per inch (ppi).
Passive-matrix LCDs continue to play a
significant role. Three-Five Systems and
Emerging Dispkly Technologies both produce STN panels. Philips also showed new
fast-switching full-color STN panels that can
display moving images at a lower cost than
active-matrix panels.
Global Dispkly Solutions (GDS),
"providers of industrial display solutions
across five continents," was showing its new
30-in. LCD public-information display (PID)
and several of its custom products for various
customers. Among them was a weatherproof
20-in. on-platform PID for a major European
railroad system that is sunlight-readable and
self-diagnostic. A "tri-sensor" senses ambient
light, light from the panel, and temperature.
A more unusual application was a "cashless
ATM." Part ATM and time clock, the device
is used to check an hourly worker in and out
and detennine the hours worked . It calculates
deductions for each worker and deposits the
worker's wages in his or her debit account,
which the worker can immediately access
from a conventional ATM. GDS customizes
the display and builds the entire unit for its
customer.
A number of LCD-panel distributors were
also present, including JACO Electronics.
Advantech Embedded Computing showed
ruggedized panels they provide for custom
applications .
Lessons Learned
Other Applications
Many exhibitors were showing LCD panels
designed for industrial, avionics, or outdoor
applications in which high brightness and
The televisions made a vis ual splash at this
year's exhibition, but it remains clear that
mobile-telephone and computer-display applications remain a drivi ng fo rce in the LCD
market. There is still plenty of room for older
and less-expensive passive-matrix displays,
but advances in active-matrix technology and
declining production co ts are making the e
high-resolution high-performance displays
more practical in a broader range of applications.
While novel technologie . uch as OLEDs
and bistable displays, may capture the attention of the press and the imagination of users,
LCDs continue to improve and strengthen
their posi tion. Thi makes them les vulnerable to attack by the new technologies. many
of which have not even achieved mass production yet. LCDs already dominate the
mobile telephone and computer-di play markets, and should they succeed in the large and
lucrative television market, they will clearly
be the leading display technology. •
23
4
NOVEMBER
11th Color Imaging
Conference: Color Science,
Engineering, Systems &
Applications
SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA
NOVEMBER 4- 7, 2003
An international multidisciplinary forum
for dialogue on-Creation and capture of Color Images
- Color Image reproduction and
interchange
- Co-sponsored with IS&T
o
SID '04
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
MAY23-28, 2004
o
o
SID's MAJOR ANNUAL EVENT
An International Svmposjum, Seminar.
and Exhibition - Featuring :
- Technical Sessions - Poster Sessions
- Author Interviews
- Short Courses- Applications Tutorials
-Technical Seminars - Applications Sessions - Business Conference
- Product Exhibits - Vendor Theater
GPO Innovation - on Display
SSTN
QVGA- 5.2"
CFSTN
Op. temp.: 0-+50"C or
·20-+7<TC
Op. temp.: -40--+85' C
4K colors
Op. temp.: 0--+SO'C
Graphic Line
10-15 micron dot space
I L..-=~--..:;....11
Character Line
15 micron dot space
Full VGA
7.2"
GPO Corp.
phone: +886-3 579 5669
fax: +886-3 579 5697
email: gpo@gpo.com.tw
North America: ~W[ ! ,', ! ~;lt~ ! ~l
alledlrniMb.Aion~
www.gpo.com.tw
Circle no. 12
with/without back light
GPO Europe
phone: +44-{0)1296 611 484
(0)1296 399 000
fu:: +44-{0)1296-397 829
email: gpolcd@aolcom
lnfonnation Display 9/03
19
Emissive Displays Shine On
Light-emitting displays are being used in applications from head-mounted
viewers to stadium displays - and everywhere in between.
by David Lieberman
T
E exhibit , technical sessions, demonstration rooms, debates, and conver ation at
SID 2003 were rife with emissive displays,
ranging in diagonal sizes from less than I in.
to more than 60 in., and varying in maturity
from laboratory curiosity to commercial reality. With the exception of two sessions in the
technical program (one on magnetics and signals and one on materials and processing) not
a CRT was to be found. The cast of characters included the plasma-display panel (PDP):
the field-emission display (FED), some of the
carbon-nanotube variety; the electrolumine cent (EL) display: and the organic light-emitting-diode (OLED) display. including polymer and small-molecule variations and miniature OLED-on-silicon microvarieties .
The PDP has become the information and
demonstration display of choice at the SID
exhibition. as it has at other industry convention and in bars, airports. and other publicinformation venues. everthele s, there were
signifi cantly fewer PDP makers at the exhibition than in previous years.
As at last year's exhibition, Samsung SDI
demonstrated a handful of large PDPs among
a very broad selection of other display technologies, ranging from a 2.2-in. transparent
OLED to a 61 -in. rear-projection HDTY
based on Texas Instruments' digital micromirror device (DMD). The PDPs included
everal wide-format displays, a 42-in . model
u ing a delta color-filter arrangement, a very-
David Lieberman is a veteran display journalist living in Massachusetts and is a
Contributing Editor to Information Display
Magazine.
20
fine-looking 50-in. high-definition display,
and a 42-in. autostereo copic 3-D monitor.
Plasmaco, Inc. , did not demonstrate its
50- and 60-in. PDPs. In tead. they demonstrated the latest 2003 iterations of two
Panasonic 42-in. display from parent company Matsushita- an 852 x 480-pixel standard-definition PDP and a uperb lC24 x 768pixel high-definition model.
Organics on the Move
The SID 2003 exhibition demon trated that
the progress towards the commercialization
of OLED di play is continuing, slowly but
steadily. At the time of SID 200 I. only
Pioneer was shipping OLED -sometimes
referred to as organic electroluminescent
(OEL) di play . By SID 2002 , Kodak
Display Products, RiTDisplay, and Philips
had all joined the fray , with Kodak sourcing
it displays from its joint ventu re with San yo,
SK Display Corp. Philips ' s OLEDs are of the
polymer variety, while the others are smallmolecule devices. Thi s year's exhibiti on saw
three new polymer players: DuPont Displays,
OSRAM Opto Semiconductors, Inc., and
Delta Optoelectronics . DuPont and OS RAM
have both recently started shipping evaluation
kits, with DuPont relying on RiTDi play a its
manufacturing partner.
Also at SID 2003, one other company
announced its imminent entry into OLEDs.
Optrex Corp. has formed a 50-50 joint-venture company with Nippon Seiki to manufac-
Eastman Kodak Co.
Kodak showed the first full-color OLED incorporated into a commercial product, the company's EasyShare LS633 digital still camera.
0362-0972/03/ 1909-020$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ture OLEOs. The newly formed company,
ADEON Co., Ltd. , will begin production at
ippon Seiki facilities in September and is
scheduled to began shjpping OLEOs to it
parent soon after. ippon Seiki will integrate the OLEOs into its own products. whkh
include automotive instrument clusters. while
Optrex willmodularize and resell the OLEOs.
Optrex and Nippon Seiki have been collaborating on LCD production since 1976. Asahi
Glass Co. , one of Optrex·s parent companies.
ha been developing OLEOs for so me tjme.
according to Optrex , and has been actively
pur uing their commercialization since 1999.
Nippon Seiki started OLEO development in
1996 and began setting up a production line in
2002.
The SID 2003 exhibition was also a site at
whkh manufacturers showed a number of
real-world products incorporating OLEOs.
These included an Eastman Kodak digital still
camera (using a Kodak di splay), a number of
near-to-eye applications using eMagin's
miniature OLEO-on-silicon display . and a
pajr of MP3 players. one from Evolution
Technologies using a DuPont di splay and one
from Delta Optoelectronics. a licensee of
Cambridge Di play Technology. using Delta' s
own OLEO. The OLEO in the Kodak camera
is rated for a 2000-hour lifetime, compared to
I000-1500 hour for a comparable LCD.
according to Kodak Display. And according
to DuPont. the remotely controllable Evolution MP3 player has a di stinct advantage over
LCD equivalents: its display is readable from
across a room.
Out on the Show Floor
For the third year running. RiTDisplay
demonstrated dozens of small monochrome
small-molecule OLEOs at its booth. with thj
year' Jjne-up ranging between 0.81 to 2.93
in. on the diagonal and having format
between 80 x 48 and 128 x 128 pixels . The
large t of the formats shown are being targeted at instrumentation applications, while
the remajnder are being aimed at cellular telephones. The larger cellular-phone devices are
intended for use on the inside of clamshellde ign cellular-phone di splays. while the
smaller devices are intended for use in the ocalled " ub-display" on the outside of the cellular phone.
A few blue models were inter per ed
among RiTDisplay 's primarily green-emitting
line of small-molecule OLEOs. The line fea-
PFE. Ltd.
Prinrable Field £millers, Lrd., discussed a demonstrarion performed prior ro SID 2003 of a
second-generarion field-emission display rhar cranked out 2000 nils in a vacuum chamber.
rures a contrast ratio above I 00: I, a viewing
cone of more than 160°, and a I 0-1-1sec
response rime, wh ile luminance spec range
between 30 and 40 nits.
This year, RiTDisplay added quite a bit of
variation to its offerings. It demon strated, for
example, two blue-emitting OLEOs with 16
gray shades. One wa a 1.28-in.-diagonal
128 x 128-pixel device: the other. a 1.31-in.
128 x 96-pixel device. either seemed quite
ready for prime time. The company also
demonstrated a full -color 0.95-in . OLEO and
several 0.81-1.05 -in . sub-displays with separate ections di playing different colors.
These so-called "area color·· di splays offer
separate colors: green. blue, yellow, and/or
red.
RjTDisplay's booth also had one area dedicated to polymer OLEOs. wruch are not yet in
volume manufacture. With sizes and pees
irrular to rho e of the mall-molecule devices.
these polymer devices included monochrome
green. red, blue. and ye llow OLEOs. and one
0.83-in. 96 x 39-pixel area-color device that
was manufactured u ing ink-jet printing. The
company's ink-jet-printing technology is still
in the development phase. according to a
RiTDisplay spokesman.
DuPont Displays is not shipping pol ymer
OLEOs in vol ume yet, but it is samplin g to a
few select cu tomers in targeted market egments. and the displays will be showing up
"in the retail channel in the next few months,"
said General Manager Tom Miller. ··we have
cus tomers in the advanced-medical-instrumentation area and for a specific indu trialinstrumentation application ." he aid, noting
that customer Evolution Technologie would
start shipping its OLEO MP3 player in June
2003.
DuPont demonstrated a 2.1-in. 128 x 64pixel yellow-green OLEO. included in one of
their evaluation kits. plus a 1.4-in. QVGA
(320 x 240-pixel) device, a 2.2-in. QCIF+
( 176 x 220) device for flip cellular telephones,
and a full-color 9.1-in. WYGA (800 x 480)
device for home-entertainment use. The early
stage 9.1-in. device was demonstrated in a
flip-down back-seat TV in the very dark
ambient of an automobile mock-up.
DuPont i involved in a great deal of
advanced OLEO-development work, Miller
21
emissive displays
Opt rex plans to ship OLED modules from AD EON, its newly formed joint venture, by the end of
this year. Targeted applications include automotive instrument clusters.
noted, with plans to move to full-color activematrix OLEDs in 2004/2005 and then to flexible plastic-substrate OLEDs. Active-matrix
variant using amorphous silicon, low-temperature polysilicon, and continuous-grain silicon
are all under investigation, a company
spokesman said.
DuPont' s work with its materials partners,
Covion and Dow Chemical , has advanced the
efficiencies and lifetimes of OLEDs, '·getting
a 4-10 times improvement by tweaking the
architecture and materials science,"' said
Michael Moore, who heads up the DuPont
materials effort. The company is also conducting a joint development effort with
Universal Display Corp. on what Moore calls
"Gen 2 materials," which will be solutionprocessible phosphorescent small-molecule
organks. Small-molecule OLEDs have hitherto not been able to take advantage of solution processing, a major strength of polymer
OLEDs, but have relied on vapor-deposition
techniques.
These Gen 2 materials are "probably 6-9
months away from mass production," said
Moore, and they will "solve the problem of
22
deep blue" that polymer materials have run
into. "We could have doped phosphorescent
material into a polymer instead but this is
more elegant " he said. It is much easier to
purify small-molecule material and to tune the
colors, he said.
Samsung SDI demonstrated a trio of
advanced color active-matrix OLEDs based
on small-molecule materials and low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) backplanes: a novel
5-in. WYGA (800 x 480) device using OLED
materials from Universal Display Corp.,
which was a follow-on to the 2.2-in. phosphorescent OLED it demonstrated last year; a
15-in. WXGA ( 1280 x 768) device; and a
2.2-in. QCIF+ (176 x 220) transparent OLED.
The 5-in. WVGA device, based on phosphorescent rather than conventional fluorescent
materials, has impressive characteristics,
including more than 300 nits of peak luminance and 70% of the NTSC color space
(compared to 45 % for comparable LCDs).
But it is clearly in the early stage, with
many flaws, including confetti -like color
spattering over about one-third of the display
area.
The Samsung SDI 15-in. model, on the
other hand , displayed an exceptionally fine
image. And the transparent OLED, which is
able to provide both the main display and subdisplay of a clamshell cellular telephone in
one device, also performed very well.
Among the other displays, Universal
Display Corp. demonstrated a flexible smallmolecule phosphorescent OLED built on a
pla tic substrate and integrated into a fanny
pack. The small 64 x 64-pixel display uses
both a Barix protective coating from Yitex
Systems and a monolithic encapsulant,
explained Janice Mahon, Y.P. of Technology
Commercialization. She pointed to a prototype full-color 4-in . 160 x 234-pixel display
from AU Optronics Co. as strong proof of the
great efficiency of pho phorescent organic
materials. This display was discussed at a
technical session and was said to be demonstrated during the show .
Mahon noted that UDC and its development partners have made great strides in phosphorescent material "in power, efficiency,
and lifetimes. Now we need to combine
them." But blue, she noted, "is still a challenge."
As for Kodak , they showed multiple product mock-ups incorporating the full-color
2.16-in. small-molecule OLED they introduced last year. Also shown and commercially available in Europe was the EasyShare
LS633 , which is the world's first camera
incorporating an active-matrix OLED. The
company also demonstrated a superb 15-in.
display. While the small display has discrete
ROB pixels, created using shadow masks, the
15-in. model is based on white emitter and
color filters.
According to Daniel D' AI media, Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Kodak
Display Products, the company has developed
a new suite of OLED materials that provides
"2.5 times the lifetime and an improved color
gamut" over the current generation in addition
to higher efficiency. Both larger and smaller
displays are under development, he said,
although the company remains tightly focused
on small sizes for cameras, camcorders, and
hand-held video devices. The SK Display
Corp. factory , he noted, has an ultimate capacity of l million 2.16-in.-equivalent displays
per month, and is now "on a steep production
ramp."
Cam bridge Display Technology was itself
featuring a suite of long-lived polymer-OLEO
materials. a yellow that lasts 30,000 hours and
a red and green with 40,000-hour lifetimes .
The company's booth contained a number of
spin-coated monochrome (greenish yellow)
displays, including a large 5 x 7-segment
device about 1.5 in. high and I in. wide and a
112 x 80-pixel device. A 128 x 64-pixel
polymer OLED manufactured by ink-jet
printing was also demonstrated .
Cambridge recently scored two significant
partnerships, a 2-year joint R&D program
with Thomson and the granting of a manufacturing license to Dai Nippon Printing Co. Dai
Nippon is planning to make displays for applications such as point-of-sale (POS) advertising. according to a CDT spokesman.
At its booth, Philips Mobile Display
Systems (MDS) demonstrated the 1.6-in.
101 x 80-pixel monochrome (yellow) polymer
OLED it introduced last year and a 1.4-in.
device in a choice of three colors: green,
blue, and orange. According to CEO Peter
Hopper, the company has received an order
from L3-Communications for OLEOs to be
used in cockpit instrumentation, "a first-of-itskind OLED order for avionics."
Philips also showed a section of a 0.8-in.
full-color OLED manufactured using ink-jet
printing. According to CTO Johan van de
Yen . the company started using ink-jet printing in its production line at the end of February and ''it needs a little time to mature." A
1.6-in. model with 4-bit gray scale was also
shown, but suffering from some image smearing. The reason. said van de Yen, lies in the
preliminary nature of the 4-bit silicon. ''It is
not the final driver," he said.
For its part. OSRAM Opto Semiconductors
showed a 1.2-in. greenish yellow 128 x 64pixel polymer OLED it is now shipping as
part of an evaluation kit. as well as a 94 x 54pixel version. These displays boast a luminance of 100 nits, a 100:1 contrast ratio, a
160° field of view, and a - 30-+ 7o•c operating temperature range. According to the company's Jason Alexander, OSRAM is talking to
potential customers in automotive, cellular
telephone, consumer electronics, health-care,
and industrial markets.
OSRAM is "working with various colors
and gray-scale levels," Alexander said, and
went on to say that among the company's particular strengths are an in-house driver-IC
capability and its status as an inorganic LED
manufacturer. "We are able to do color
matching [of an OLED to an LED].'' he noted.
Toshiba demonstrated two 260,000-color
OLED prototypes based on L TPS backplanes,
a 2.2-in. 176 x 220-pixel device for cellular
telephones that Toshiba first demoed at SID
200 I and a 3.5-in. 240 x 320-pixel device for
PDAs. The 17.1 -in. OLED prototype it
showed at SID 2002 was nowhere in sight,
nor was Sony's competing 13.1-in. LTPS
OLED prototype, which was demonstrated at
SID in 2001 and 2002 . A prototype 24-in .
OLED from Sony, however, was reportedly
demonstrated sometime during the show .
And a 20-in. WXGA AMOLED prototype
from International Display Technology
(lDTech), a joint venture of Chi Mei Optoelectronics and IBM Japan. was discussed in
the technical sessions and shown intermittently at IDTech 's booth on the show floor.
The panel carried a sticker saying "World's
Largest OLED Panel!"
Elsewhere on the show floor, Three-Five
Systems demonstrated a 2.1 -in. 128 x 64-pixel
yellow OLED with 16 gray shade , a development from Three-D OLED LLC, the company ' joint venture with DuPont Di plays.
And Optrex demonstrated two 256 x 64-pixel
area-color OLEOs that will be targeted at
automotive-dashboard audio systems. The
company expects to be shipping these blueand-red and green-and-red OLEOs in Q4 ' 03.
In the miniature-display arena, both
eMagin Corp. and MicroEmissive Disp lays,
Ltd. , demonstrated sub- l -in . OLEO-on-silicon
displays. the former using small-molecule
materials and the latter relying on polymer.
Both demonstrated performance that was
superior to most of the more conventional
liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS ) microdisplays. MicroEmissive Displays demonstrated
320 x 240-pixel monochrome and color
devices which the company is now sampling
with mass production slated to begin in Q3
' 03. One Asian customer that makes digital
still cameras and camcorders has agreed to
use these devices, according to company
spokesman Jeff Wright.
As for eMagin, which has been in production for some time, the company demon trated
its SYGA+ displays in a number of real-world
applications. These included the Land Warrior HMD from Kaiser Electro-Optics, the
Helmet Vue thermal-imaging HMD for firefighters and rescue workers from Sage
Technologies, and the Knight-Eye weaponmounted thermal-imaging system from Liteye
Systems. According to company President
Universal Display Corp.
Universal Display Corp. demonstrated a prototype flexible 64 x 64-pixe/ OLED built on. an.
encapsulated plastic substrate and incorporated into a fanny pack.
Gary Jones, a very bright 4000+-nit SVGA
display is under development, government
funding for a high-brightness SXGA device
has been renewed, and the company may pursue a quarter-YGA design with a partner.
A FED Revival?
Two booths on the SID 2003 show floor
demonstrated a bit of an uptick in activity in
so-called second-generation field-emission
displays (FEDs). For the second year in a
row, Noritake was showing its large carbonnanotube FEDs in addition to a wide range of
vacuum-fluorescent (VF) devices. Intended
for giant TV screens for stadiums and similar
venues and bearing a striking resemblance to
large vacuum tubes, the FEDs come in red.
green, blue, and white, with luminances ranging from 6800 to 23,000 nits. A 5 x 7-matrix
module using red. green, and blue FEDs wa
also demonstrated.
Another second-generation FED technology was shown by Printable Field Em itters
(PFE), Ltd. As the company name implie ,
PFE can screen-print the emitters of its displays, rather than having to use the expensive
semiconductor-like processing of frrst-generation microtip FEDs. According to Marketing
Director Bill Taylor, the company ' s "pFED"
technology works on a different principle
from fLrst-generation FEDs, eliminating their
usceptibility to contamination and breakdown. It represents "the only path to profitable large flat-panel TV." he claimed.
PFE has demonstrated a 5.7-in. monochrome QVGA pFED and, in a collaborative
effort with "a major TV manufacturer," has
built a prototype that is capable of producing
2000 nit . "That is a world record," said
23
emissive displays
4
NOVEMBER
11th Color Imaging
Applications
SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA
NOVEMBER 4-7, 2003
• An international multidisciplinary forum
fo r dialogue on :
- Creation and capture of Color lmaaes
- Color Image reproduction and
interchange
-Co-sponsored with IS& T
This 4-in. 160 x 23.;-pixe/ prororype OLED from AU Oprronics uses red phosphorescent materials from UDC. H"hich help reduce overall p01rer consumption.
Tay lor who added that he expects commercial
product. from PFE parrner to be on the market ''in abo ut 4 year at the earlie t.''
The EL Plot Thickens
Last but not least, the thick-dielectric electroluminescent (TDEL) displays of iFire
Technology made an impre. ive hawing on
the exhibition Ooor. A full-color 17-in. demo
appear ready for prime time and, according
to Project Manager Derek Luke, iFire will
bridge the technology to a 3-+-in. prototype by
the end of 2004. wi th production expectations
for 2005 . The company is collaborating wit h
both Sanyo Electric Company. Ltd .. and Dai
Nippon Printing Co .. Ltd .. on TDEL modu les
fo r mid-30-in. TYs.
The iFire 17-in. model make u e of a
newly developed color architecture cal led
"color by blue:· Development began . according to Xingwei Wu. Y.P. of Science and
Technology. in October 2002 . and the scheme
was first incorporated into the overall design
24
in April of 2003. The technique avoids the
manufac turing costs and complexities of
depositing di crete red. green. and blue phosphors. Rather. it makes use of a single blueemitti ng phosphor materi al and "down converts'' the light with color-conversion material at the appropriate pixel location . "There
i a huge number of color-conversion materials to choose from,.. aid Wu , '·both photolum inescen t pho phor and organic material .
We're still looking at newer materials ...
The iFire TDEL technology was also
demonstrated in a multicolor 4.25-in. display
from TDK Corp. whi ch will start shipping
later this year. Thi 240 x 180-pi xel 200-nit
27-color device has a 140° viewing cone and
a re ponse rime under 2 msec. Target markets
include automoti ve. indu trial, and medical
dev ices. •
Please send new produ ct releases or
news items to Info rmation Display,
c/o Palisades Convention Management.
411 Lafaye tte Street, 2nd Floor, New
York, NY 10003.
23
SID '04
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
MAY 23-28, 2004
• SID's MAJOR ANNUAL EVENT
• An International Symposium Seminar
and Exhibition- Featuring:
-Technical Sessions- Poster Sessions
-Author Interviews
-Short Courses - Applications Tutorials
-Technical Seminars - Applications Sessions- Business Conference
- Product Exhibits - Vendor Theater
LCoS Projects a Bright Future
At SID 2003, more companies were showing real LCoS-display products,
and with supporting components commercially available, more microdisplaybased products will reach consumers during the next year.
by Stephen P. Atwood
L
AST YEAR'S SID 2002 review article
on microdi plays was entitled "Cautious
Optimism. " In it, I noted that the liquidcrystal-on-silicon (LCoS) industry had
shaken out the year before, but was looking
forward to orne promising commercial milestones in 2002/2003. At SID 2003, it did not
look to me as if the commercial milestones
were wholly accomplished, but the industry
did continue to grow, and the products shown
this year were much closer to the performance
one would expect from a more mature technology.
A few notables from last year were missing,
but overall the companies that came Ia t year
came back this year, showing substantial
product improvements and much more system
engineering, indicating that liquid-crystal
microdi plays will be around for a long time.
With one exception, all the product demonstrations were of LCoS technology. (Texa
Instruments has a mature product line of
microelectromechanical imagers, but ha not
exhibited at SID recently. )
The big buzz was clearly around con umer
projection television. Several excellent displays made it evident that both single- and
three-panel LCoS de ign are technological ly
very capable of producing uniformity, bright-
Stephen P. Atwood is the Engineering Manager for Three-Five Systems, In c., Advanced
Video Technologies, based in Marlboro, MA;
telephone 508/485-3380, fax 508/485-3509,
e-mail: satwood@mai/.35sys.com. He is also
Director of the New England Chapter of SID.
26
ness, and contrast suffi cient to compete with
direct-view display . Brillian Corp. (ThreeFive Systems). Philips . and SpatiaLight all
had eye-catcrungly impres ive demonstration
of designs with various arrangement of
panels and light engines.
Last year's concerns about bright-spot
defects and poor production yields were
mostly gone, although , even off the record, no
one would disclose real defect rates. There
were new rumblings about lifetime challenges
(res ulting from long-term UV light exposure)
and high-power-dissipation needs, indicating
that manufactu rers are trying to provide much
more contrast and higher lighting level good problem to be dealing with. Most
Greg Pease for SID.
Fig. 1: At SID 2003. there was often a crowd surrounding the Philips "Cineos" 55-in. LCoS
rear-projection HDTV and the Phi/ips- Genoa Color Technologies five-primary scrolling-color
LCoS rear-projection TV prototype. Genoa Color Technologies ' Algorithm Manager Doran
Maika (in white polo shirt) and V.P. Shmuel Roth (with mustache) seem happy with the
response.
0362-0972/03/1909-026$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
importantly, there was almost universal agreement that the LCoS-technology platform is
fully capable of supporting high-resolution
HDTV requirements. The only remaining
debate was whether single- or three-panel
architectures made the best platforms. Given
the strong players involved, this debate will
not be decided definitively for many years to
come.
Philips Components is now producing
LCoS devices using the group name Philips
LCoS Microdisplay Systems based in Briarcliff Manor, New York (www.LCoS.Philips.
com). The company's imagers have changed
significantly from those shown last year,
although they are still larger than most other
offerings. Philips has switched to a moreconventional flex-circuit connection scheme
instead of the previous PGA package.
Philips is banking heavily on single-panel
architectures and has optimized their imagers
to run at field rates up to 540Hz (or 180-Hz
frame rates). When this is combined with
either scrolling color or drum-mode color
wheels, the company's representatives assured
me, color-field break-up would not be an issue
for consumers. Philips imagers are available
in 1280 x 768 and 1920 x 1080 formats .
Specifications include a typical contrast ratio
of 800: I or better (f/2.5) and white-state
reflectivity of 62-65%. Philips also offers a
proprietary driver ASIC to make third-party
product development easier and faster.
To show the performance of their imagers,
Philips was demonstrating its "Cineos" 55-in.diagonal LCoS rear-projection HDTV product, which its press release asserts will be
"available to retailers throughout the country
[U.S.] later this summer." This demonstration
constantly drew a very impressed crowd.
Also on display at the Philips booth was a
clever development called "Multi Primary
Color (MPC) Technology," which allows a
wider gamut of colors to be presented by the
display through the use of additional primary
colors during the image-forming process.
Although theoretically possible in many display technologies, it is relatively straightforward to implement this approach in microdisplay projection by simply adding additional
color primaries to the color wheel. As long as
the imager can display a high-enough colorfield rate, the system can be made to work.
Working with a startup-company partner
named Genoa Color Technologies (www.
genoacolor.com), based in Israel, Philips was
Shimadzu Corp.
Fig. 2: This monocular headwom viewer by Shimadzu Corp. , which uses a Brillian Corp.
Z86D-3 SVGA imager, was shown in Three-Five Systems ' booth.
demonstrating the first such rear-projection
TV using additional colors cyan and yellow to
extend the color space by about 60%. Genoa
Technologies provided all the algorithms and
translation technology necessary to convert a
conventional video-image stream to this new
format while optimizing color rendition and
brightness efficiency. Philips intends to commercialize this architecture into a high-end
consumer-television platform. Of course, this
technology could also be implemented in a
DMD-style projector. In either case, it shows
how microdisplay projection architectures
open up some interesting new avenues.
With its feet firmly planted in the threepanel camp, SpatiaLight (www.spatialight.
com) was showing its latest prototype
consumer-television product. Developed for
Skyworth Display, Ltd. , a Chinese TV manufacturer, this display was a 52-in. three-panel
1280 x 960 rear-projection television with a
Fuji optical engine. The SpatiaLight imager is
a vertically aligned nematic (VAN) mode
device with integrated drivers in the backplane. The VAN mode has been shown to
produce exceptional contrast, and can be made
to produce a normally black device, reducing
the occurrence of white-spot defects in the
black backgrounds of the projected images.
For the prototype on display, SpatiaLight
advertises a contrast ratio of better than
2000:1 with a nominal 70% white-state
reflectance. Another promoted advantage of
the VAN mode is that it does not require polyimide for the alignment layer, thus reducing
the imager's sensitivity to detrimental UV
energy. This improves lifetime and allows
more light energy to be focused on the imager
than is desirable in some other designs. The
Fuji engine produces a contrast ratio of at
least 500: 1, typically 650: 1, with a claimed
85% brightness uniformity. SpatiaLight
demonstrated a less mature prototype of this
display at SID 2002, and the image quality
was very much improved this year.
The other big news was from Three-Five
Systems, announcing the pending spin-off of
their microdisplay business into a newly created and separately traded public company
which has been named Brillian Corp. This
spinoff covers the entire LCoS-microdisplay
business, including all related manufacturing
and business assets, personnel, and intellectual property.
Brillian Corp. (www.brilliancorp.com)
demonstrated rear-projection television systems which were utilizing the company's
latest-generation high-contrast panels. The
most impressive system was a 65-in.-diagonal
720p HDTV development system created in
partnership with 3M Optical Systems
Division. This demonstration was actually
held "by appointment" in a private room just
off the show floor, and the performance
seemed comparable to that of direct-view
displays of similar size.
The Brillian Corp. imagers are a significant
evolution from earlier demonstrations and utilize a proprietary LC mode that company representatives would not discuss. They did say
that the imagers produce a contrast ratio better
than 2000: 1, which puts them on a par with
VAN-mode devices. The basic resolution is
1280 x 768 with 12-Jlm pixels.
Information Display 9/03 27
microdisplays
MicroOptical Corp.
Fig. 3: MicroOptical Corp. showed this compact BV-1 stereoscopic viewer that uses dual
Kopin imagers.
3M Optical Systems Division developed
the optical engine with Brillian Corp. as a
technology platform for 3M ' s new polarizingbeam-splitter (PBS) technology and other proprietary advances, which they are offering to
rear-projection-TV system designers for further commercialization.
A Closer Look
There were also some notable advances in
near-to-eye ( TE) displays using LCoS technology. Brillion Corp. was showing two new
products using the company's recently
announced Z86D-3 NTE SVGA imagers.
These imagers are specified for use up to a
120-Hz frame rate (360-Hz color-field rate)
and produce a true 18-bit color depth. The
first was a monocular head worn viewer being
marketed by Shimadzu Corp. was developed
for use as a virtual display for PCs and test
equipment. The product, called Dataglass2,
produces a virtual field-sequential-color
SVGA (800 x 600) image 13 in. high, and
operates directly off a standard VGA port.
The power consumption is much lower than
that of a typical AMLCD backlight, which
will extend the battery life of a notebook PC
significantly.
The second demon trarion was of a recently
announced stereoscopic headwom product
from Optimize, Inc. (www.optiva.com) . The
28
Information Display 9!03
OptiVu HD3 , designed to be worn by surgeons during endoscopic procedures, presents
the image in the surgeon ' s line of sight without blocking his or her downward line of sight
or peripheral vision. Both devices were relatively easy to wear and presented very-goodquality images. Optimize, inc ., currently has
these systems in use at several well-known
medical facilities, including Cedars-Sinai and
UCLA. These designs have evolved dramatically over the last several years, taking advantage of lightweight materials and more highly
integrated electronics and optics. However,
while these devices continue to improve each
year, several attendees commented that the
ergonomics of such head worn NTE devices
till needs to improve. The main issues continue to be weight and optical adjustments
leading to long-term viewing comfort.
MicroOptical Corp. (www.microoptical.
net) was also demonstrating several TE
headsets, all based on their eyewear-attached
viewer that can be built into, or attached to,
existing eyeglasses or safety glasses. MicroOptical uses Kopin Corp. (www.kopin.com)
transparent LCoS QVGA imagers and produces a very lightweight virtual viewer. The
displays are transparent, which suits them for
instrumentation and task-training application .
For the most part, the viewers were newer
versions of last year' s, but the improvements
were mostly in the appLications. Most notab le
was a Bluetooth-enabled wireless version that
allows direct communication with PDAs and
other Bluetooth-enabled devices. The display
still requires a cord to a control module which
is worn on the shoulder of the user, but eliminating the cable to the computer is a very convenient feature. Particularly interesting was
the company's BY -I stereoscopic display,
which seats very easily on the user' s face and
includes headphones for both ears. This particular device is unusual for MicroOptical in
that it is used without regular eyeglasses,
which may be a positive or a negative for
some users.
The TE market is really comprised of two
components, headwom devices and electronic
viewfinders. The electronic-viewfinder market is much more mature and has been established for several years now. Kopin Corp., a
solid player in the viewfinder market, was
showing a variety of transparent LCoS displays. These devices are specifically designed
for the NTE market, and many are fully commercialized in high-volume production.
Kopin markets these displays under the trade
name Cyberdisplay"', and has been very successful producing QVGA field-sequentialcolor displays for camcorders and digital still
cameras.
Last year, Kopin demonstrated some very
interesting higher-resolution field-sequen tial
devices, some with a resolution as high as
1280 x 1024. This year, the company is offering a variety of high resolutions and aspect
ratios in true RGB format. This eliminates the
need for frame-sequential images, which
sometimes produce visible color-field
breakup. The company's new configurations
include 640 x 480 RGB color subpixels, a
4:3 aspect ratio, and a display that includes
analog-video inputs and runs at frame rates up
to 75 Hz. When combined with a white-LED
backlight, this device is literally a miniarure
version of a desktop AMLCD monitor. The
image quality and brightness were very good
compared to other demonstrations, and the
absence of color-field breakup is a significant
advantage.
Kopin is also offering this architecture in
800 x 225- and 521 x 218-pixel formats,
which are designed as replacements for simi Jar Sony products in NTE viewfinders. For
those who need a quick implementation,
Kopin now offers a complete electronicviewfinder (EVF) module incorporating the
-21 x 2 18-pixel RO B color imager and all
req uired optics in a very simple plastic
housing.
CRL Opto, Ltd. , continuin g to develop
ferroelectric liquid-crystal technology fo r
microdisplays, beam-steering systems, and LC
hutters, was demonstrating an SXGA fi eldequential-color FLCD viewer developed by
NV IS using the CRL Opto imager. In co njunction with its partner company Micro Vue,
CRL Opto is also heavil y involved in dri ve
electronics and related support engineering for
rear-projection consumer-T V designs. When
I asked a company representati ve to summarize what was "new" fo r this year, the answer
was that last year was the year fo r proof of
designs and low volume; this year, the company has several design wins and is maki ng
higher qu anti ties of devices with consistentl y
good quality and ready avai lability.
This comment from CRL Opto seemed to
be very descriptive of most of the players
interviewed thi s year. The biggest change
fro m 2002 is th at for many exhibitors there
are now real display products, that supporting
components are commerciall y available, and
that they are looking fo rward to the right fin al
product. However, with the exception of electroni c viewfinders, there are still very few
microdisplay-based products available to general consumers, so the wait for market feedback will continue for yet another year.
Another group anxi ously awaiting the
growth of LCoS products are the suppliers of
optical test systems. Both Westar Display
Technologies (www. displaytest. com) and
DisplayCh eck (www.displaycheck. com)- a
company in whi ch the author of thi s article
was formerly an offi cer and in which he continues to have a fi nancial interest- were
demonstrat ing test systems designed to characterize all the important optical characteristics of LCoS devices for both laboratory and
in-process manu fac turing inspecti on.
It is widely believed that projection imagers
in parti cular will need to be screened to very
demanding optical standards in order to
ensure the hi gh-contrast and defect-free
images required fo r this market. Unlike
larger- fo rmat LCDs, LCoS dev ices cannot be
readil y inspected to these standards vi uall y,
and this has created a niche market fo r
machine-vision-based systems. Westar was
demonstrating its fa mi liar MDIS system,
which is a semi-automated system for laboratory and low-to-medium-volume producti on
use. Westar also offers a full y automated
materials-handling version for higher- volume
production, a machine that was developed in
conjunction with the USDC. Since SID 2002,
Westar has continued to evolve its microdisplay test systems, and has also continued its
work on an extensive line of large-forrnatLCD test systems for laboratory and producti on use.
DisplayCheck was promoting its new
MDT205L system , whi ch is a cost-reduced
version of the earlier MDT21 OL system. The
MDT205L is targeted at the projection industry fo r qu al ity-ass urance and qu ality -control
use. By foc using on a very specific set of test
requirements, DisplayCheck claims a lower
total cost of ow nership as well as a significant
reduction in total test time: ·'several panels per
minu te vs. several minutes per panel ," asserts
the company's press release. DisplayCheck
also has an extensive line of full -feature test
systems suitable for all levels of in-process
microdisplay inspection.
Several attendees commented that now that
the optical engines and imagers have
improved, there is renewed interest in test
solutions. Some fo rm of sophisticated optical
testing will be a strategic component of each
company's proprietary process.
Perhaps the real LCoS headline for SID
2003 is that the foc us is now turning to system
developments, proving that the devices can
work, and work well. Projection-imager companies are looking much further ahead now
and foc using on good reference designs fo llowing the commercialization model that
Texas Instru ments developed so painstaki ngly
and so successfull y fo r its DMD microdisplays. Last year. industry veterans were
as king if LCoS microdisplays could be
succe sfull y commerciali zed; thi year, the
questi on is not "if," but "when.'· The LCoS
brigade is looking forward with excitement to
SID 2004 . •
CyberTouch designs and
manufactures specialty touch screens
for the medical , industrial, milita ry
and aerospace industries.
Select from a wide range of off-theshelf to uch screens or have us
custom design one for you .
Please send new produ ct re leases or
news items to Info rmat ion Disp lay ,
c/o Palisades Convention Management,
4 11 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor. New
York, N Y /0003.
Get in touch with CyberTouch !
[~o~rTou[h
805.499.5000 • 800.958.4321
cybertouch.com
I;,fJiU I6l$'!1i IU~j
Manufacturing: Equipment and Materials
This year, about one-third of the SID exhibitors were equipment
or materials suppliers - not counting chip suppliers.
by Patrick Dunn
THE
SID 2003 exhibition was quite bu y
this year despite the apparent doom and
gloom concerning the state of the general
economy. The SID show is always a great
place to go and see a wide variety of suppliers, from large to small, from mainstream to
esoteric. Walking the show floor is always a
challenge because there is so much to ee.
About one-third of this year' exhibitors were
equipment or materials uppliers, and that
does not include chip suppliers.
OLED and FPD Manufacturing
As has been the trend in recent year , OLEDs
continued to expand their visibility at the
show, with the much-publicized new trend of
branding the various OLED and POLED
materials and products. Of course, OLED
materials are not useful without the equipment
to process them. There were several uppliers
of OLED manufacturing and prototyping
equipment in addition to suppliers of FPD
processing equipment and materials.
ANS (Advanced Neotech Sy terns. www.
ansinc.co.kr) was e tablished in ovember
1998 a a supplier of PYD and CVD equipment, evaporators, and various types of vacuum equipment for the display industry in
Korea. At SID 2003 , they discussed their
latest development. the Helisys, a modular
cluster system for producing full-color,
monochrome, and area-color OLED devices
(Fig. 1).
Patrick Dunn is Senior Program Manager at
Samsung Electronics America, 6603 S.
Andrews Way, Austin, TX 78746; telephone
5121589-1746./ax 512/338-5555, e-mail:
patrick@sea.samsung.com.
30
The 200 x 200-mm system is capable of
continuously forming organic thin film that
are comprised of a hole-injection layer, a
hole-transport layer. emissive layers. an electron-transport layer, an electron-injection
layer, and a metal electrode in vacuum. It can
support process modules for load!lock, pretreatment, organic deposition, metal-electrode
deposition, passivation deposition, substrate
transfer, alignment, and encapsulation.
Ito A m erica (www. itousa.com) is a distributor of Sony Anisotropic Conductive Film
(ACF). COF ubstrate , and other Sony
Chemicals products for all displays, ranging
from microdisplays to large-sized PDPs. In
addition, Ito upplies products from ippon
Graphite, such as heat-seal connectors, EL
backlights, touch screens, and other materials.
To implement these materials, Ito also markets all of the as ociated processing equipment by Oha hi , primarily bonding equipment
(for ACF, heat seals, etc.), alignment and
Advanced Neotech Systems
Fig. 1: Advanced Neotech Systems ' He/isys
OLED processing cluster tool produces fullcolor, monochrome, and area-color OLED
devices.
0362-0972/03/1909-030$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
mounting equipment, laminators, and di playpackaging equipment.
Litrex Corp. (www.litrex.com) product
were featured in the booths of several OLED
suppliers at the show. most notably in the
large booth of Philips Display . Litrex is now
a wholly owned subsidiary of Cambridge
Display Technology (CDT) and specializes in
ink-jet processing a applied to FPDs. It is
especially focused on developing its Piezo
Micro Deposition technology for the manufacture of light-emitting polymer (LEP) displays .
Litrex showca ed it premiere production
system, the Litrex 140P. designed to print on
glass substrates up to 370 x 470 nun for use
in the manufacture of color LEP display
(Fig. 2). Its piezo ink-jet technology, devel-
L~rex
Corp.
Fig. 2: Litrex Corp 's 140? Ill ink-jet polymer-LED printer is designed to print on glass
substrates up to 370 X 470 mm in the manufa cture of color LEP displays.
oped and used in the graphi cs printing industry, has been redesigned to satisfy the precise
tolerances and materials requirements for creating electronic displays.
Litrex is also developing a newer vers ion
called the 700M, expected to be released in
Q2 ' 04, which wi ll be able to support a
2 x 2-m substrate (Gen 7). This system wi ll
have a proces ing area that is about 23 times
as large as that of the 140P' s.
Sunic Systems (www.sunicsystem.com),
based in Suwon. Korea, provides systems that
are used in FPD manufacturing, such as sputtering, CYD, etching, and various plasma
processes for ashin g and cleaning. At SID
2003 . Sunic was showing off its SUNICEL
Series OLEO vacu um evaporation and encapsu lation systems fo r use with small-molecule
OLEO materials. The SU ICEL Series are
cluster-type tool systems for the deposition of
organic thin films on ITO glass surfaces,
metal electrodes, and pass ivati on layers.
The system's EL source can also be changed
without breaking the vacuum . The machines
are for substrate sizes of 200 x 200 and
400 x 400 rum.
TLC International (www.tlcinternational.
com) manufactures high-quality precision
glass-cutting equipment for flat-panel-display
applications and other special applicati ons
that require the precision cutting of glass, such
as mirrors and precision windows. Its equipment uses cutting wheels and employs the
scribe-and-break method, as opposed to the
use of laser technology by some other manu-
Fig. 3: Ul vac Technologies' Satella OLED
cluster tool performs all production steps
including OLED evaporation and encapsulation.
Polarizer Direction •
.........., Direction
sub-micron
crystalline film
Fig. 4: Optiva 's polarizing films are applied to the inside of LCDs, rather than laminated to the
outside.
facturers. TLC ' s primary display market is
not specifically the large TFT-LCD fabs, but
smaller manufacturers and R&D facilities
whi ch demand greater precision. Although
the machines are not intended for mass production, their head speed of 20 in .Isec are fast
enough for many customers.
The latest version of TLC ' s scri bing gear
is called the Phoenix-600 High-Accuracy
Mechanical Rectilinear/SHAPES Glass Cutter, which has one scri be head, a 24 x 24-in .
stage, and a tolerance of ±0.002 in .
Toray Engineering Co. (www. torayeng.com), specializing in synthetic fibers ,
plastics, and polymer-synthesis technologies,
has expanded and diversified into a wide
range of chemical technologies, and has
developed original automation and computerapplied technologies. The company' s twofold
prod uct mission is plant engineering and
machinery manufacturing.
For LCD manufacturers, Toray offers
eq uipment that is primari ly as ociated with
back-end electronics-packaging processes.
Its line-up includes flip -chip bonders for COG
(as well as a version fo r COF) and LCD-panel
inspection systems. Toray has developed a
special "flat-board" probe to interface the
panel that is much more efficient than needletype probes and lasts longer. Toray also
offers a labeling system that uses an LCD
shutter that acts as a photomask and can label
a display with a distinct serial number.
Ulvac Technologies (www.ulvac .com) is a
supplier of vacuum deposition systems for all
segments of the FPD industry. Ulvac has
recently been distin guishi ng itself as a sup-
plier of systems to manufacturers of smallmolecule OLEOs (SMOLEDs) that need to
evaporate their organi c materials and deposit
them in a vacuum. Ulvac provides equipment
for users of all sizes, from R&D to pilot production and all the way to mass production.
The company' s Satella cluster tool performs
all production steps, including OLEO evaporation, through encapsulation (Fig. 3).
Display Lighting
Display lighting is always an interesting segment because it is critical to LCD technology
and is among the more expensive components
in an LCD module in terms of both materials
cost and power budget.
OSRAM Sylvania (www.sylvania.com)
showed an improved version of its Planon®
planar backlight technology. Instead of the
old design that used spacers to separate the
top and bottom substrates, a dimpled top substrate now provides the spacing. This makes
the unit lighter and much less expensive to
manufacture. The new OSRAM Planon®
source generates light using a xenon excimer
discharge. A hi gh efficacy of ultrav iolet
photon forn1ation is achieved by adding an
electrically insulating barrier over the electrodes and creating special voltage-input patterns, said a representative of OS RAM. The
10-mm-thick Planon® lamp has a claimed lifetime of up to 100,000 hours, is mercury-free,
and has an output that is virtuall y independent
of ambient temperature. OS RAM believes the
Planon backlights will be extremely cost competitive with CCFL solutions at sizes of 30 in.
and greater.
InformaTion Display 9/03
31
manufacturing
incandescent lamps for many applications
besides displays. For the LCD industry, JKL
is seemingly focused on the replacement market for CCFL lamps in notebook LCD .
Lambda Research (www.lambdares.com)
wa demon trating its latest version of the
renowned optical software, TracePro®. This
ray-tracing program used for optical analysis
accounts for all the major optical properties of
materials, including the absorption, scattering,
specular reflection, refraction, and diffraction
of light. TracePro® can also import geometric
solid model drawing from most CAD software packages. Lambda Research also
demonstrated their optical-design programs
OSLO and Lens VIEW- a database of lens
designs with more than 30,000 lenses.
Display Films
Axometrics
Fig. 5: Axometrics 's polarization-measuremellt system allows the Mueller Matrix
Polarimeter instrument to obtain a complete
Mueller Matrix of any sample, which completely describes its polarization properties.
Microsemi Corp. (www.microsemi.com)
was demonstrating its new high-powered
white LED based on its patented Powemlite3®
packaging; integrated circuits for powering up
to 60 LEDs; power-inverter module for
single-, dual-, and four-lamp CCFL displays;
and two innovative light sen ors for automatic
control of display brightness. Microsemi ' s
newest white LED uses a surface-mounted
package with a full metal-bottom heat sink
that provides the industry ' s lowest thermal
re istance and allow customers the unique
ability to mount PowerBright LEDs using
standard infrared reflow mounting techniques.
Microsemi also displayed its powermanagement integrated circuit and modules
for lighting CCFL lamps. The ingle- and
dual-lamp PanelMatchT" inverter module
included the LXMI643T" and LXM1644"'
modules for quad-lamp applications. Also
announced at SID 2003 was Microsemi ' s
soon-to-be-introduced LX 1691"' ingleupply inverter that requires only 15 total
components to build a complete CCFL power
inverter.
JKL Components (www.jkllamp .com)
was demonstrating its broad line of lamps and
inverters and offering its backlighting design
services. JKL offer CCFL lamps as well as
32
Display films have a great impact on the
viewability and performance of displays, even
though they cannot be seen. They play a large
role in the never-ending improvement of LCD
technology.
3M-Nitta (www.3m.com/vikuiti and
www.nitto.com) - yes, that reads correctly.
Although 6 months ago no one could have
been convinced that this collaboration would
happen, 3M (manufacturer of DBEF and other
high-value-added films that increase the
brightness and viewing angle of LCDs) and
itto Denko (the largest linear-polarizer manufacturer in the world and developer of
NIPOCS brightne s-enhancing film and viewing-angle films ) have co-developed a line of
film known as Advanced Polarization Conversion Film (APCF). These films are an
improved ver ion of Nino's PCF films, and
incorporate a multi-layered optical film
(MLOF) supplied by 3M. They have uperior
viewing angles and less color shift with viewing angle, the companies say.
A dhesives Research (www.adhesivesresearch.com) was offering several newly developed products at the show, including its new
elf-wetting contact film that eems to be an
excellent solution for attaching touch screens
to FPDs. The company demonstrated the film
by placing it on a glass window, and it actually adhered to the window completely, after
being applied only along one edge. The adhesive films have a transmissivity of greater
than 99% and a refractive index of 1.458.
Adhesives Research a! o howcased its
materials for OLED construction, including
the dual-stage PSA!UV film for OLED encap-
Fig. 6: Otsuka Electronics' LCD-7000 LCD
characterization system can accommodate a
display of 410 x 256 x 60 mm, and can measure voltage threshold, contrast ratio,
response time, spectra, and chromaticity/
luminance/color difference.
sulation. The company indicated that instead
of using the typical method of encasing the
OLED material and encapsulating it in a metal
'·can," an OLED could be completed by simply placing PSAJUV film over the top of the
OLED material. Thi would also preclude the
need for a getter.
Optiva/Nakan (www.optivainc.com)
demon trated the progress they have made in
the development of polarizing films that are
applied to the inside of LCDs rather than laminated to the outside (Fig. 4). In fact, Optiva
won the 2002 SID/Information Display
Display Material or Component of the Year
Gold Award. Optiva was happy to announce
that it had secured $30 million in financing for
further production of its technology. The
company is partnering with akan, the large
Japanese manufacturer of offset-printing
equipment that prints alignment layer for
LCDs. The two companies will continue to
work together to develop machinery and
materials for display manufacturers.
Measurement and Characterization
How do display companies know if their new
technology really works? How do they verify
that the competition has developed a similar
device with a faster respon e time or Jess contrast? They use characterization equipment
that keep them all hone t, and also ensures
that incoming and outgoing product meet
their listed specifications.
Axom etrics (www.axometrics.com) showed
its unique Mueller Matrix Polarimeter, which
i u ed to detemtine the polarization states of
an object, in this case, displays . Polarization
efficiency is a key parameter for LCDs. The
two-sided unit uses the method of dual rotating retarders, one ide to create various polarization states as the retarder is rotated and the
other to analyze a different set of polarization
tates at a different speed of rotation. This
approach allows the instrument to obtain a
complete Mueller Matrix of any samp le,
which completely describes its polarization
properties (Fi g. 5).
Keithley Instrum ents (www.keithley.com)
showed a variety of equipment for measuring
the electri cal performance of display devices,
including measuring the vo ltage- and/or current-switching performance of TFfs, OLEDs,
and even the dri ver !Cs of any type of display.
Keithley Instrument has histori cally built
equipment for testing in a matrix configurati on, whi ch allows data to be analyzed more
easily by co mputer. In additi on to the analysis instruments, the company also manufac tures prec ision voltage and cu rrent supplies
for energizing devices under test.
Otsuka Electronics (www. photal.co.jp/
english/index. htmJ ) has been manufacturing
LCD characterization systems fo r over 20
years, and is perhaps the best-known name in
the Asian TFf-LCD manufacturing industry.
At SID 2003, Otsuka introduced its Optical
Characteristics Inspecti on System for EL
displays and showed its other characteri zati on
ystems. The LCD-7000 system ca n acco mmodate a display of 4 10 x 256 x 60 mm, and
can measure vo ltage threshold, contrast rati o.
response time. spectra. and chromaticity/
luminance/color difference (Fig. 6). Its variable parameters can include temperature,
humidity. XY meas urin g- point coordin ates,
light-projecting/receiving angles, rotational
angle, and LCD dri ve waveform . •
SID '04
Symposium , Seminar,
and Exhibition
Seattle, Washington
Washington State
Convention and Trade Center
Applied Films GmbH & Co. KG · Siemensstrasse 100
63755 Alzenau
Germany
Juergen Nader
Tel. +49 6023 92 6516 · Fax +49 6023 92 6440
jnader@eu.appliedfilms.com · www.appliedfilms.com
Applied Films
Display Solutions for New Markets
Applied Films is one of the largest supplier of
products and services to the global FPD Industry.
The emerging OLEO application
is a technology priority for Applied
Films.
As part of the "OLEO Consortium",
we work together with research
institutes and commercial companies to accelerate development
of suitable mass-production
processes and equipment for
OLEO devices.
Vertical evaporation system: VES
In-Line coating system: New Aristo
Our vertical deposition equipment
applies electrical functional layers
used in all common display applications:
•
•
•
•
Liquid Crystal Display
Plasma Display Pa nel
Field Emission Display
Electro-Luminescent
Display
• OLEO Display
May 23-28, 2004
Circle no. 14
33
Electronics Is Where You Find It
The display-electronics environment is changing so rapidly that it is
hard to recognize a single trend - except that every conceivable
ecological niche is being explored for competitive advantages.
by Ken Werner
B
ECAUSE electronic information
displays are electro-optical devices, they are
inherently dependent upon electronics. Early
in my former career as a power-semicondu ctor-device design engineer, I was charged
with modifying silicon control rectifier
(SCR ) so that they would perform more reliably in the SCR-based deflection circuits used
in RCA 's early "solid-state" color TVs of the
late ' 60s. (These difficult circuits were made
somewhat more appeali ng by RCA 's inabi lity
to make a reliable high-vo ltage switching
transistor at the time.)
AI o at this time, George Heilmeier and the
co-inventors of the dynamic- cattering-mode
(DSM) LCD at RCA Laboratories were trying
to interest RCA 's operating di visions in commercializing their in vention . I was present at
one of these presentations, which had the flavor of a laboratory demonstration and wa not
likely to impres device designers with a limited time to get devices into factory production. And it didn 't. As is well known, it was
Sharp (for calculators) and Optel , with di gruntled RCA Labs alumni on board (for
wristwatches), that first commercialized the
DSM LCD in 1970. But from the time flatpanel displays did become commercial products, drivers and timing controllers were
essential components, and graphics controller
cards (and ICs) were and are critical parts of
PCs and other host systems.
An expansion of high-level electronic function has been an ongoing part of FPD devel-
Ken Wern er is the editor of Information
Display magazine
34
opment (multi-line addre ing i only one
example). But we are now in the midst of an
exciting period of rapid expansion. integration . and repartitioning of electronic functions, and all of this was evident at SID 2003.
Particularly exciting was that early versions
of the long-predicted glass chassi or systemon-glass (SOG) could actually be seen.
although not necessarilyin the fonl1S that had
been predicted.
All of which leads to a warning for readers:
di play electronics is where you find it. and
where you find it may not be in a traditional
IC package with a type number on it. It may
wind up on the display it elf, as a logical core
dropped into omebody else's IC, or on a
graphics card in the display' host system.
Feed Forward Drivingr"
on a Third-Party Chip
Feed Forward Driving"' (FFDT") and overdriving circuit (ODC ) are electronic
approaches to improving the switching speed
of LCDs, particularly between one gray level
and another. Using knowledge of the current
and the de ired tate of a subpixel. the driving
circuit applies a greater voltage difference to
the pixel than would ordinarily be used to
drive it to the desired state. which produces
fa ter switchi ng and a sub tantial reduction in
the "smear" that has bedeviled moving images
on LCD TVs. Only recently available on
some LCD modules and complete TV ets and now in a mid-sized industrial LCD from
Optrex - FFD and ODCs are incorporated into
the modules that an OEM buys from display
uppliers.
0362-0972/03/1909-034$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
At SID 2003 , National Semiconductor
introduced its response-time compensation
(RTC) technology, which is their version of
FFD or ODC. Jim Schuessler of ational
Semiconductor said that the circuitry resides
in the timing control ler (TCO ) but uses
external SDRAM. Using the circuitry, an
AMLCD panel went from '·normal TFT
speeds" to 16-msec switch ing times without
any modification to the panel. Schuessler
aid. The logical core can go into anybody '
TCO . ow, said Schuessler. ..good
TV images will be nearly a commodity."
Hannstar (Taiwan) i using ati onars TCON
with RTC in its late t 23-in. LCD-TV panel.
National Semiconductor a! o introduced a
low-power highly integrated chipset- the
FPD94128 controller/column driver and the
FPD93140 power-supply/gate driver- for
driving mobile-telephone a-Si AMLCD panels
that support full-color graphics, video, and
still images. The chipset analyzes a histogram
of the image gray levels and decide on the fly
whether this i a high- or low-contra t image.
If appropriate. the chipset reduces power to
the backlight unit (BLU). This. said
Schues ler, can save 50 mW of the BLU's
full-on power of I50-200 m W for alphanumeric content.
The PFD94128 also allows the user to
select a color depth of 3, 9, I2, or 18 bits for
a trade-off between image quality and battery
life. The chipset co ts $9.99 in lots of a
thou and.
Supertex (Sunnyvale, California), the manufacturer of high-voltage mixed- ignal !Cs
and MOSFET , did not seem to be featuring
anything new at SID, but the company was
showing its line of display drivers for EL,
plasma, VF, and cholesteric di plays, as well
as drivers for EL backlights and printer heads.
Supertex wants it to be known that the company de igns and manufactures custom
driver .
Microsemi Corp. announced that its
Integrated Products Group in Garden Grove,
California, had just shipped its millionth
RangeMax® extended-temperature CCFL
inverter used in automotive telematic di plays. The company's exhibit featured a new
PowerBright"'' high-power white LED (up to a
350-mA current rating), res for powering as
many as 60 LEDs, various power-inverter
module , and a light sensor for automatically
controlling display brightness. The LX 1970
visible-light sensor mimics the response of the
human visual system, '·making it in en itive
to ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths that
often confuse conventional brightness-control
devices," the company said. The price is
$ 1.41 each in lots of a thousand. Both samples and production quantities should be available now.
Applied Data Systems (ADS) located in
Columbia, Maryland, was showing recently
introduced single-board computer (SBC )
based on Intel's PXA255 processor, which
incorporates Intel's XScaleT" technology:
"big-system graphics for small computer ," as
an ADS press release put iL What XScale is,
said ADS' Fred Salloum, is an on-board
graphics accelerator that enables displays up
to SVGA and 16-bit color without external
graphics chips or accelerators. "StrongArm ' s
accelerator ran out of gas at 8-bit VGA," aid
Salloum. "We have been waiting for
XScale." The Intel PXA255 uses the ARM
architecture. incorporate sophisticated
power-management low power consumption,
and is designed to support a wide range of
wireless and networking application . ADS ' s
4 x 6-in . AGX SBC "has virtually all UO
available on a single board that can be either
populated or de-populated,'' said Salloum. He
also commented that there was a good deal of
interest in the AGX at SID 2003. He has said
that in past years product de igner came to
SID to find the displays that they needed and
were delighted that they also could find the
SBCs to drive them.
Also on display wa the 3 x 5-in. PXA255powered "Bitsy-X" SBC intended for PDAs,
Internet appliances, and similar applications,
LCD DISPLAY PANEL
(240 ROWS x 176 RGB COLUMNS)
LM27xx
~
0
240 GATE
DRIVE
OUTPUTS
528 COLUMN
DRIVE OUTPUTS
(176 RGB or BGR)
(.)
>
FPD93140
FPD94128
GATE DRIVER
& DC-DC
CONVERTERS
CONTROLLER
COLUMN DRIVER
FRAME BUFFER
~--~
f-
a:::U
a..:C
a:::
ou
0
!l..
<(
CD
>
0
(.)
0
I:
>
~
(.!)
3
0
a:::
Oal
w<.!>
(/)
f-
WHITE LED
DRIVER
oa:::
>~
!l..
!l..
(.)
SYSTEM
CPU
CMOS
IMAGER
Fig. 1: This diagram of a display subsystem for an advanced cellular telephone uses National
Semiconductor 's intelligent power-saving FPD93140/FPD94128 chipset introduced at SID
2003.
and interfaces to FPDs up to X GA. A development system could be bought for about
$3800 and production units for about $400
(prices depend on options and on how many
of those slots are populated).
EarthLCD (formerly Earth Computer
Technologies, San Juan Capistrano, California) showed it recently introduced MDK-00 I
mARMalade development kit, which is an
SBC powered by an ARM720T RISC and a
color touch-screen LCD. The key component
is a Sharp LH79520 sy tem-on-chip IC which
combines a 32-bit ARM720T, a color-LCD
controller, cache, local SRAM, and other
peripherals. mARMalade also includes Ethernet, a touch- creen controller. compact flash
and smart media memory slots two PWMs,
4-MB fla h, and 16-MB SDRAM, among
other features and peripherals. With a $299
street price. this is "the lowest-cost Linux
embedded kit on the market today," aid
Randy Schafer, EarthLCD' s President and
Chief Design Engineer.
Endicott Research Group (ERG) of
Endicott, ew York, was showing its broad
range of backlight inverters, many of which
35
display electronics
are now available with (or without) on-board
PWM dimming. ERG 's Bill Abbott and Jim
Moronski explained the issue. It is now quite
common for uppliers of BLUs to be asked to
upply 4-8-tube units for 21- and 23-in.
LCDs. but a tube lengths get longer. parairics go up and current bleed-off increases
further down the tube. If such rubes are
dimmed by simple analog dimming, the luminous column in the fluorescent tube becomes
shorter. an unplea ant feature Moronski called
the "thermometer effect." Another limitation
of analog dimming is low dimming ratios.
PWM dimming solve both of these problem .
and also permit DIP-switch programming (i n
orne models) of such things a voltage range
and polarity. which are not standardized .
Endicott Research Group wa al o offering
its 8m Clas low-profile 5-W inverter in kit
form that gives LCD designers greater packaging freedom. The kit includes the circuit
design, critical magnetic components, and
complete layout validation. Kit co t as little
as $3.00 in production qu antities.
Genoa Color Technologies (Herzelia
Pituach, Israel) and Philips showed a Philips
ingle-chip LCoS crolling-color rear-projection TV using Genoa's five-primary-colo r
techn ology. which produces a color gamut
60% wider than that of an equivalent threeprimary-color system, said Genoa CEO Ilan
Ben David. Because a given displayed color
can be produced by a large number of combination of the primaries in a multi-primary
system, a key part of the Genoa approach, said
Ben Dav id, is the algorithm that selects the
optimal combination for each pixel on the fly.
If this become popular, the algorithm could
become another piece of silicon (or another
logical core) that goes into a display.
Gennum Corp. (Ontario, Canada) was
howing it Visual Excellence"' image processors that offer format conversion fo r displays and professional applications. Included
are devices for HDTV/SDTV de-interlacing
and scaling (including device that provide
motion adaptation with edge detection)
and transparent color-space conversion
between YCbCr and RGB for SDTV
broadcast applications.
STMicroelectronics (Gene va. Switzerland)
was showing off its ADE family of LCD controllers that drive both conventional and
;<smart panel" displays . They integrate up and
down scaling. 9-bit ADCIPLL. on- creen
display (OSD) controller. and sRGB color
warp. A third-generation context- ensitive
scaler yields harp image-enhanced text. The
Fig. 2: Endicott Research Group was promoting its /ow -profile 5- W Bm Class in verter in kit
form for those situations in which standard packaging does not fit. or when designers want to
put the inverter on a comer of their own circuit board. The company validates the layout as
part of the kit price.
36
OSD controller allows bordering, shadowing,
transparency, fade-in , fade-out. font rotation,
and four subwindows. The ADE3700XT
incorporate a programmable timer controller
that provides highly programmable support
for XGA '· mart panels.'' including dualfunction TTL and RSDS output ignals. and
flicker detection and reduction.
Liesegang Electronics (Hannover, Germany) was featuring its LEHK-2 and LEHK3C display-controller ICs. The recently introduced LEHK-3C is an SOC controller IC for
high-end digital display applications. It uses
DSP to do scaling, frame-ra te conversion, deinterlacing. OSD. and PIP. The chip's most
triking feature i its abil ity to electronically
correct optical distortions such as keystone,
barrel, pincushion, and tilt.
Electronics on Glass
Sy tem-on-glas (SOG) was big news at SID
2003. but architecturally simpler variations of
the old active-matrix backplane also generated
excitement.
Plastic Logic, Ud. (Cambridge, U.K.). the
developer of olution-proces ed polymersemiconductor technology, showed an experimental display consisting of a Gyricon Media
SmartPaperT" bi table display combined with
an active-matrix backplane made from ink-jetted polymer electronics. The experimental
display had 63 x 48 pixel at 50 pixels per
inch (ppi) on a glass ubstrate. Larger di plays. higher re olution, and flexible plastic
substrates are coming, representatives of both
companies said . Plastic transistors are in a
very early stage of development, but they
have the potential to be very inexpen ive,
flexible. large-area display (and other
electronic ).
IDTech showed a prototype 20-in. OLED
from Chi Mei Optoelectronics, and what is
interesting from an electronics perspective is
that the active-matrix backplane was made
with good old amorphous silicon (a-S i).
There are very good reasons why there were
doubts that a-Si could be used to make the
TIT for OLEOs, including the fact that
OLEDs are current-driven- not voltagedriven as LCDs- and have higher current
requirements. But IDTech and Chi Mei
Optoelectronics have succeeded, using some
non-standard processing on the a-Si , and
believe it is a critical tep toward creating
affordable large- creen OLEDs. And they
are not alone.
In Session 4 of the technical symposium,
four papers were devoted to the feasibility of
a-Si AMOLEDs. and the papers came from
widely scattered sources. The first paper was
from IDTech , Chi Mei Optoelectronics, the
IBM Zurich Research Lab, and the IBM T. J.
Watson Research Center; the second was from
AU Optronics (Hsinchu, Taiwan) and Universal Display Corp. (Ewing, ew Jersey,
U.S.A.); the third was from the University of
Michigan: and the fourth was from the University of Michigan and Cypress Semiconductor (San Jose, California).
For some time, Toshiba has been leading
the industry with backplanes made from lowtemperature polysilicon (LTPS), which is a
higher-performance TFT material than a-Si.
More recently, Sharp has been making backplanes with continuous-grain silicon, an even
higher-performance TFT material. Other
companies have also been working with
enhanced-performance materials. These
materials can be used to make TFTs smaller
than is possible with a-Si without compromising performance, which is attractive for making small displays with the high pixel densities required for the new generations of highperformance cellular telephones and PDAs.
That is what Sharp is doing with its newly
introduced family of transflective continuousgrain-silicon TFT-LCDs for advanced cellular
telephones.
Using the e higher-performance semiconductor materials to fabr icate electronic components other than TFTs on the display glass
has always been part of the dream. And at
SID 2003, Toshiba America Electronic
Components (TAEC) showed a prototype
"input sensor display" SOG which has a sensor at each subpixel location. Place a business
card or photograph against the display, press
the appropriate button, and the display captures the image of the object placed against it,
much as a traditional scanner does, but without moving parts. The current version is gray
scale, not color.
Late in 2002 , Sharp made an 8-bit controller using continuous-grain silicon and
has ambitious plans for making increasingly
sophisticated "smart displays" u ing the
material, said Sharp's Joel Pollack. Sharp is
adding a Gen 4 fab for continuous-grain silicon at the company ' s Building #3 in Mie, he
said. •
4
23
NOVEMBER
11th Color Imaging
Applications
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
MAY 23-28, 2004
• SID's MAJOR ANNUAL EVENT
• An International Symposium. Seminar.
and Exhibition- Featuring:
-Technical Sessions- Poster Sessions
-Author Interviews
-Short Courses- ApPlications Tutorials
-Technical Seminars -Applications Sessions- Business Conference
- Product Exhibits- Vendor Theater
SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA
NOVEMBER 4- 7, 2003
• An international multidisciolinarv forum
for dialogue on:
-Creation and caoture of Color Images
-Color Image reproduction and
interchanae
-Co-sponsored with IS& T
ESI Custom Filters and
Displav Enhancing Films
ESI can meet all your filter needs
by combining our wide variety of
product offerings.
ESI offers:
• Anti-Reflective Glass and Acryl ic
• Anti-Glare (Matte) Glass and Acrylic
• Anti-Reflective Films (P ET and TAC)
• Anti-Reflective/Anti-Glare Films (PET)
• Privacy Filters (View Control Films)
• EMIIRFI Shielding (I TO Coatings)
• lR Solar Blocking (Heat Reducing)
• Optical Bonding (Glass to Glass)
• High Volume Lamination Capabilities
• Subcontract Manufacturing
To learn more about ESI, our display products
and lamination services contact us at
Eyesaver International
348 Circuit Street
Hanover, Massachsetts 02339
Phone 781.829.0808 Fax 781.829.9963
www.eyesaverinternational.com
Circle no. 15
!nformalion Display 9/03
37
LCD-TV Technology
by Gary Feather
T HE SID 2003 symposium marked an exciting year in which key technologists and business
have worked together to create new opportunities
in the display industry. The dark sky and drizzle of
Baltimore could not darken the bright future for so
many new display innovations and innovators.
Walking around the exhibit floor, one was energized by the excitement generated by the demonstration of new displ ay technologies and techniques. Although new is exciting, everyone noted
the unstoppable and unrelenting 30-year development march of the LCD. The LCD, which has
experienced dramatic improvements year after
year, is now selling in large numbers for televi sion
application and will no doubt become a consumerdemanded repl acement for CRT television.
The LCD TV has been transformed from a handheld TV display novelty to a big-screen solution in
the home today. But what is the future outlook?
Will LCD TV always be second to the current king
of TV displays, the CRT? All of us were around
for the emergence of DLP technology and its
promise at SID in 1996 to repl ace the rear-projection CRT. The DLP is j ust beginning the difficult
task of competing head-to-head with the CRT.
What will be the future of LCD TV ?
In 2002, about 1.3 million LCD TVs were sold
worldwide. Stanford Resources expects nearly 29
million LCD-TV units to be sold worldwide in
2007. Not to be outdone, Ross Young of DisplaySearch presented their view of the future of LCD
TV, and the forecasts were shattering. They forecasted that in 2007 the worldwide LCD-IV market
would exceed 3 1 million units, with revenues of
over $33 billion.
I had the honor of serving as a panelist on the
evening-panel di scussion where I addressed the
potential market dominance of LCD TV in the
future. Dr. Sang-Soo Kim, Executive V. P. of LCD
Development at Samsung, provided hi s company' s
updates. While Larry Weber defended the current
large-area-display dominance of POPs, I felt that
none of the panelists doubted the forecasted unit
volumes of LCD TVs. If the investments made by
Sharp Corp. in their Gen 6 Kameyama faci lity to
manufacture LCD TVs (in production in Ql '04)
and the announcement from Samsung of its
planned Gen 7 pl ant are considered, it seems the
industry is responding aggressively to these forecasts. With over 300,000 LCD-TV units sold in
the U.S. in 2002 and a yearly growth rate of over
I 00% forecasted for the next several years, the success of LCD TVs seems assured. By 2013, it is
forecasted that over half of the TVs sold in the U.S.
will be LCD TVs. This is a transition of a magnitude never before witnessed by the display industry.
But why are we buying these higher-priced LCD
TV s instead of CRTs, and what is the message for
future display technologies? Tamaryn Pratt of
Quixel showed me their analysis of placement, use,
and satisfaction obtained from consumers. Quixel
has gathered usage analysis from consumers which
Gary Feather is Director of Digital Audio
Visual Systems, Sharp Laboratories America,
5750 Northwest Pacific Rim Blvd., Camas,
WA 98607; telephone 360!817-7759,fax
3601817-8436, e-mail: featherg@sharplabs.
com.
38
0362-0972/03/1909-038$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
strongly suggests that price is not a key factor in
sales. The LCD TV has created new flexibility for
the TV in the home. The display industry must
search for these new and unique uses created by
new and unique technologies and must create new
markets. Consumers wi ll pay for perceived value;
price is not the only driving factor.
So, can LCD-TV manufacturers really move
from producing large numbers of 13-20-in. units
and 37-in. HD LCD TVs to producing large hometheater displays that are currently dominated by
POPs and rear-projection CRTs? At SID, the writing was on the wall, or, more to the point, LCD
TVs were on the walls. Impressive 40- and 46-in.
1280 x 720 and 52- and 54-in. 1920 x I 080 LCD
TVs were displayed for all to compare. The push
to compete with plasma technology has begun, and,
potentiall y, LCD TV will soon begin to eat away at
the smaller-sized rear-projection-TV market.
With all the momentum of LCD TV, is there any
more technology work ahead? The answer is a
si mple and definite yes. The content of the many
technical talks at the symposium showed the rich
vein of LCD research and innovation being mined
by the display industry. LCD technology development has benefited from over three decades of
hard work by display and visual-science
researchers. Hiroshi Take of Sharp conducted a
seminar on LCD TV covering this history .
The growth in the market for LCD TV assumes
and expects significant technical improvements
year after year. Technology developments to further improve contrast ratio, speed, backlights, signal processing, aliasing and artifacts, scaling,
dynamic range, and color gamut, and lower the cost
of manufacturing will provide innovative opportunities in the display industry for decades to come.
Poster papers as well as the traditional oral technical presentations at this year's SID sy mposium
explored and proposed innovative ideas in many of
these important topics.
SID members should be proud of the significant
contributions made in this industry in the past three
decades and are, I hope, excited about the great
future ahead for all of us. •
Predicting the Future
by Yoichi Taira
I
always gain a lot of insight by
strolling around the SID exhibition and
by joining discussions during the symposium. This year, again, there were many
surprising accomplishments displayed at
the exhibition, although the real value of
some of them could be easily overlooked.
Here are some particularly interesting
ones that I observed.
The demonstration of a bright and large
amorphous-silicon TFT -based OLED was
a surprise. There were quite a few
polysilicon TFT-driven OLEDs that
looked as though they could have been
used in a product because of their packaging and perfection. Large 62-in. PDPs
and 40-in.-and-over TFT-LCDs displayed
amazingly vivid images. The presence of
a high-contrast large projection screen
might indicate a forthcoming outbreak of
projection-type devices. There were
numerous impressive new materials,
components, design tools, and software.
These accomplishments were really
impressive, but we must not forget that
they were not a result of business-asusual activities. Often, they are the result
of tremendous effort that includes blood,
sweat, and tears. The electro-optical efficiency of OLEDs, for example, is much
better now than what was demonstrated a
few years ago. This is the result of innovative scientific study on the way the
materials are used together with the
development of advanced new materials.
Impressive displays are the result of
underlying material and technology
R&D efforts.
NHK's weekly documentary TV program "Project-X" is well received in
Japan. In each 45-minute program, a
real story about the accomplishment of a
very difficult project is reported. It is
appealing to see the project leaders '
ambition, devotion, discouragement, and
joy and sorrow after the project is successfully completed. The pioneering
development work on LCDs and PDPs
was previously presented. I am sure that
all of the excellent work here at SID
2003 deserves its own "Project-X"
story.
Yoichi Taira is Senior Consultant Researcher
and Senior Technical Staff Member at the
IBM Research Japan Tokyo Research Laboratory, 1623-14, Shimotsuruma, LAB-S76,
Yamato, Kanagawa 242-8502, Japan;
telephone +81 -46-215-4875,/ax +81-46-2737413, e-mail: taira@jp.ibm.com.
Workers in technology areas always
want to do a great job. In the display
area, it might be achievement of the
dream of a new high-performance display. However, we are not sure what is
required to maintain such a long-term
R&D project. The keynote addresses of
the symposium were both timely. In particular, the talk by Dr. James Stoffel of
Eastman Kodak Co. gave a valuable hint
in answering the question of how we can
sustain a long and difficult R&D program
in the information-display business.
Traditionally, we aim high or set a very
high goal so that our output is maximized, but R&D times tend to be long
because the goals we set are difficult to
achieve. And for businessmen, a long
time is a risk because predicting the
future is not very accurate. What I
learned from Dr. Stoffel's talk is to utilize R&D results in near-term products
rather than waiting for the completion of
the entire development project.
In fact, our ability to accurately predict
the future is quite limited, especially in
the time frame during which a technology
is developed and applied to a product.
The researchers in R&D know a great
deal about the principles and the challenges of the technology, but have very
little knowledge about how customers
will accept the new technology, service,
or products. If, in addition to obtaining
an excellent technical result, we also are
concerned about how to achieve the goals
in a short period of time, it is more likely
that our ambitions will come true. •
0362-0972/03/1909-039$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
I rl! ~1 IUffji·1 Ut§ i§ Ui§
The First SID Business Conference
by Joe Hallett
ALMOST 40 YEARS AGO, the first
annual Symposium and Exhibition of the
Society for Information Display was held in
Santa Monica, California, with an attendance
of 400. This year, in Baltimore, about that
same number met for the fust SID Business
Conference while thousands attended the
symposium and exhibition.
In the early '60s, the display industry' s
focus was on Government-sponsored R&D
and applications. Now, consumer products
take center stage. Then, engineers were
struggling to reach a target price level of $10
per digit of numerical display. Electroluminescent flat" displays began to emerge
from the laboratories, but only the space program could justify their expense. Yet even
then - back in the Dark Ages - proposals for
display R&D featured pictures of TV s of the
future that hung on the wall like today' s LCDs
and PDPs.
The contrast between these two SID events
is illustrative of how far the display industry
has progressed. Adding the business conference this year was a major step for the Society.
"I had to convince SID that it was a good
idea," said Elliott Schlam of Elliott Schlam
Associates, who conceived of and organized
the Business Conference. "Displays are a big
business. It was important that SID recognize
that its service to the display community has
been incomplete without covering business
issues ." A late surge in interest carried the
number of attendees well beyond early estimates. "We had hoped for between 100 and
Joe Hallett is a business consultant located at
22370 S. W. Grahams Ferry Rd. , Tualatin, OR
97062-8022; telephone 503/692-5554, fax
5031692-5649, e-mail: joeh24@aol. com. He
has been actively involved in the display
industry for over 30 years.
40
200 participants," said Schlam. "We are very
thrilled with over 400."
The Business Conference, which was held
the day before the exhibits opened, provided a
good reality check before viewing the exhibits
and demonstrations. "It is not about technical
fantasy," said Schlam. "It really is about business."
"We invited top-notch speakers," he continued. "There is so much going on with the
competition between liquid crystal and plasma
for big-screen TV, and monitors are getting
bigger."
Harrie Brunklaus, CEO of Philips Electronics New Displays Business Development,
keynoted the session by describing a world in
which consumers could experience technology that adapts to their needs. Examples
ranged from a video-enhanced "social event,"
in which separated friends and family members could share a sports event, to an "adaptive ambient" that provided activity-appropriate home lighting and background music. "It
is all about humanizing technology," he said.
Two speakers, David C. Nagel, CEO of
PalmSource, Inc., and Bernard Masson,
President, Display Group, Eastman Kodak
Company, described ways in which the
display industry is driving a variety of nontelevision products, especially portable items
such as PDAs, telephones, cameras, and
games. Advances in LCDs and OLEDs are
removing significant barriers. For example,
the OLED viewing screen in Kodak' s new
EasyShare digital still camera has a wider
viewing angle than that of the previously used
LCDs, making it easier to use the camera for
overhead shots. Transflective LCDs provide
improved viewing in both brightly lighted and
darkened environments, a great advantage for
PDA and cellular-telephone users.
An overview of microdisplays for smalland large-display applications was given by
0362-0972/03/1909-040$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
Robert L. Melcher, Chief Technology Officer,
Three-Five Systems (and soon to be the CTO
of Brillian Corp. , Three-Five Systems ' new
microdisplay spin-oft). He expects to see the
rapid market growth of rear-projection displays and for "embedded" displays, including
video headsets, electronic viewfinders, and
wireless products. The integration of optics
and electronics at a subsystem level will continue to be essential.
Citing examples of large LCDs embedded
in countertops and wide-format computer
monitors showing multiple windows, Bruce
Berkoff, Executive V.P. for marketing at
LG.Philips LCD, emphasized the importance
of larger screen area and more "screens per
person" in order to make a growing quantity
of information available where and when it is
needed.
While presenters showed that viable display
opportunities exist across a spectrum of screen
sizes and performance, it was large-screen TV
that generated the most attention. The stage
was set by the market watchers: Sean Wargo
of the Consumer Electronics Association
(replacing the previously announced Todd
Thibodeaux) ; David Mentley, V.P. and largescreen-display specialist at iSuppli/Stanford
Resources; and Ross Young, President,
DisplaySearch. Each presented voluminous
charts to support expected major market
growth for large-screen displays, driven by
digital television.
The state of industry readiness to meet
market needs for large-screen LCDs was
addressed in detail by several speakers.
Vincent F. Sollitto, President, Sollitto
Associates (and soon to be President and CEO
of Brillian Corp.), discussed capital equipment and revenue issues for AMLCD manufacturers . Jun Souk, Executive V .P. of the
AMLCD Division of Samsung Electronics,
Co. , Inc. , presented a review of manufactur-
ing-economics issues, including the prospects
for improving the performance and cost of
large LCD panels.
A similar range of issues related to plasmadisp lay panel s was covered by Tadatsug u
Hirose, General Manager of Product Design,
Fuj itsu Hitachi Plasma Display, Ltd.
Elliott Schlam concluded the session by
touchi ng on some of the up- and-comi ng technolog ies (the buzzword is ''disruptive"),
inc luding LED arrays fo r large super-bright
ignboards, electronic "paper" that requires no
standby power, and some flat-display technologies that offer the potential for very low
manufac turing cost.
After a long day, the audience apparently
went away happy. "Even at 5:30 we had a
fu ll crowd." said Schlam. "People stayed an
extra hour to make up for lost time." (Despite
the moderator's earnest call for discipline"there shall be no breaks" - the conference
was forced to evacuate the meeting room
several times because of an apparentl y faulty
alarm system.)
SID also must have been happy about the
fledgling Business Conference. "l have been
asked to put one together again next year,"
Schlam said. A CD-ROM containin g the confe rence presentations is available by contacting office@sid. org. •
SID '04
Symposium, Seminar,
and Exhibition
Seattle, Washington
May 23-28, 2004
4
NOVEMBER
11th Color Imaging
Applications
SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA
NOVEMBER 4- 7, 2003
• An international multidisciPlinary forum
fo r dialoaue on:
- Creation and capture of Color Images
-Color Image re prod uction and
interchange
- Co-sponsored with IS& T
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41
I ;t.] ;t.] ,_,, jt~
''*h' ,, Fi
SID 2003 Honors and Awards
Tsutae Shinida was awarded the Braun Prize for work on color plasma displays,
Webster E. Howard was awarded the Rajchman Prize for contributions to the research
and development of many flat-panel-display types, and Shunsuke Kobayashi received
the Lewis and Beatrice Award for longtime service to the Society.
by Stephen P. Atwood
THE
Society for Information Display' s
annual awards banquet, held on the Monday
evening of Display Week, is a notable element
of the annual Symposium because it recognizes the outstanding contributions of professionals who have helped crea~e the international display industry. It also allows the
Society to honor the many volunteers who
have helped build SID.
This year, the Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize
was awarded to Dr. Tsutae Shinoda "For his
pioneering inventions and outstanding contributions to commercializing color plasma
displays." Dr. Larry Weber, Honors and
A wards Committee Chair, expressed his belief
that Dr. Shinoda was probably the "most
famous plasma-display person in the world."
This was high praise coming from Dr. Weber
who was also honored by the Society with the
Braun Prize in 2000 for his work on plasma
displays. Dr. Weber went on to say that Dr.
Shinoda was the one that solved many of the
fundamental problems that made color plasma
technology practical.
A graduate of Hiroshima University,
Hiroshima, Japan, in 1973, Dr. Shinoda
finally completed his Ph.D . in 2000 from
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. In
Stephen P. Atwood is the Engineering Manager for Three-Five Systems, Inc., Advanced
Video Technologies, based in Marlboro, MA ;
telephone 508!485-3380, fax 508!485-3509,
e-mail: satwood@mail.35sys.com. He is also
Director of the New England Chapter of SID.
42
between, he gave life to a number of key
discoveries, including two- and threeelectrode surface-discharge technologies, the
striped-rib and striped-phosphor configurations for low-cost manufacturing, and the
address-display-period-separation (ADS)
method that enabled the display of full 24-bit
color. These technologies are now the standard technologies used for all practical color
plasma displays.
Dr. Shinoda has worked for Fujitsu for
most of his professional life and was also the
first student of the very well-known Prof.
Heiju Uchiike from Hiroshima University,
whom he thanked "for being his teacher and
loyal friend for over 20 years ." Shinoda-san
is a Fellow of SID and holds 59 patents,
including fundamental patents for color PDP
devices.
The Jan Rajchman Prize was awarded this
year to Dr. Webster E. Howard "For his outstanding contributions to the research and
development of many flat-panel-display
types." Dr. Weber pointed out that Dr.
Howard had probably helped develop every
conceivable flat-panel technology during his
distinguished professional career. An alumni
of Carnegie-Mellon University, Dr. Howard
completed his Ph.D. in physics at Harvard.
He joined the IBM T. J. Watson Research
Center, and over the next 32 years lead
research into plasma displays, thin-film electroluminescence, CRTs, and TFT-LCDs. Dr.
Howard was instrumental in the formation of
DTI, the groundbreaking AMLCD manufac-
0362-0972/03/1909-042$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
turing joint venture between IBM and
Toshiba. From IBM, Dr. Howard moved to
AT&T, where he was the Director of HighResolution Technologies and a consultant to
Bell Laboratories. Most recently, he was the
Chief Technology Officer at eMagin Corp. ,
where he led the development of OLED
microdisplays on silicon.
In his comments, Dr. Howard explained
how display development is truly a "team
sport" because so many different fundamental
scientific disciplines are required to achieve
success. He also pointed out that the award
was especially meaningful to him because its
namesake, Jan Rajchman, built the firs t
active-matrix display at the David Sarnoff
Institute (then RCA Laboratories) using electrolu.rninescent technology. He is a PastPresident of SID and a Fellow of the American Physical Society, IEEE, and SID.
The Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award for
distinguished service to the Society was
awarded to Dr. Shunsuke Kobayashi "For
outstanding service and contribution to the
Society, especially his efforts to make SID
truly international." Dr. Kobayashi received
his Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo and
is currently Professor of electrical engineering
at the Tokyo University of Science in
Yamaguchi, Japan. He is a former recipient
of the Jan Rajchman Prize (in 1995), holds
45 patents, and has published an astounding
223 papers.
Prof. Kobayashi helped organize the first
large-scale display conference in Japan, is
Dr. Tsutae Shinoda
Dr. Shunsuke Kobayashi
Founding Chair of the SID Display of the
Year Award Committee, and has been an
invaluable coach helping overseas speakers
better prepare for presentations at the Symposium. He served as Asia Regional Y.P. of
SID from 1992 to 1994, became a Fellow of
SID in 1987, and has continually supported
SID and its members with his skill and time.
The Society also conveyed the grade of
Fellow for unusual professional distinction on
six recipients.
• Dr. William P. Bleha for the invention,
nurture, and implementation of largescreen projection-display technology
based on reflective liquid-crystal devices .
• Dr. Shui-Chih Alan Lien for his many
contributions to the science and technology of liquid-crystal displays .
• Dr. Eli Peli for outstanding contributions
in the application of vision science to
information-display technology.
Dr. Webster E. Howard
• Mr. Gary K. Starkweather for invention
of the laser printer.
• Dr. Edward H. Stupp for outstanding
technical leadership and contribution to
liquid-crystal projection displays.
• Dr. 1- Wei Wu for outstanding technical
contributions and leadership in the development of low-temperature polysilicon
displays.
Six distinguished scientists also were recognized with Special Recognition awards.
Dr. Amalkumar P. Ghosh for development of novel production-worthy processes for OLED displays and FEDs.
Mr. Paul E. Gulick for outstanding
entrepreneurial accomplishment founding several successful projection-display
businesses.
Dr. ]in lang for outstanding contributions to novel thin-film-transistor technology for LCDs.
SID Honors ana Awarcts
• Dr. Noboru Miura for his leading
research and development of phosphors
for full-color inorganic electroluminescent displays .
Dr. Terence]. Nelson for sustained and
dedicated service to SID both at the
chapter level and the international level.
• Dr. Michael D. Wand for pioneering
work on the formu lation and synthesis of
wide-temperature-range ferroelectric
liquid-crystal materials.
In closing, Dr. Weber thanked the hardworking members of his committee and also
expressed gratitude and appreciation to Thomson for sponsoring the $2000 stipend included
with the Braun Prize and Sharp for sponsoring
the $2000 stipend included with the Rajchman
Prize. •
No~nina-tions
See page 92 of August issue
Nominations Due October 17_, 2003
e-mail: siaawards@sid.org
Battle for Big-Screen Bucks
by Joe Hallett
N o T FAR FROM Baltimore Harbor,
where a famous battle inspired Francis Scott
Key to compose The Star-Spangled Banner,
SID 2003's own "Battle for Big-Screen Big
Bucks" drew an attentive crowd of about 400
attendees away from the lure of the Baltimore
Inner Harbor's good food and history.
The discussion quickly focused on issues
that affect television, continuing a theme that
began with the frrst SID Business Conference
held earlier in the week [please see the
author's Business Conference review article
in this issue- Ed.]. The Consumer Electronics (CE) market - rather than the informationtechnology (IT) market - is expected to be the
source of the "big bucks," even though it is
not quite clear where ordinary folks will find
those big bucks to spend.
The issues were debated by a blue-ribbon
panel representing a variety of technology
interests.
Moderator: Charles McLaughlin,
McLaughlin Consulting Group
Panelists:
• AMLCDs
• Gary Feather
Director, Digital Audio Video Systems,
Sharp Laboratories America, Inc .
• Sang Soo Kim
Executive Vice President, AMLCD
Division, Samsung Electronics Co., Inc.
• Projection
• Peter Van Kessel
Manager, ASIC Development, DLP
Products, Texas Instruments, Inc.
Joe Hallett is a business consultant located at
22370 S. W. Grahams Ferry Rd. , Tualatin,
OR; telephone 503!692-5554, fax 503/6925649, e-mail: joeh24@aol.com. He has been
actively involved in the display industry for
over 30 years.
• Dave Slobodin
CTO, InFocus Corp.
• Plasma
• Larry Weber
President & CEO, Plasmaco, Inc.
• Harm Tolner
Consultant and PDP pioneer
Moderator McLaughlin sounded a bit like
his slightly more famous TV namesake,
giving the panel ample challenges to fill the
2-hour session while limiting their focus to a
5-year time frame.
Whether digital video comes fro m TV
broadcasts, DVDs, digital cable, or satellite
services, it increases choice and quality. "The
high quality of DTV video and audio drives
consumers to upgrade. Dramatic image
improvements are most obvious on big
screens."
By 2007, the market for big-screen (greater
than 30-in.) TV sets should be in the range of
30-45 million units, according to data from
various sources, assembled and summarized
by McLaughlin, and shown in Table 1.
McLaughlin closed with some predictions.
• "We expect that the worldwide digitalTV market will grow to US$75 billion,
the equivalent of 30 million TV sets,
over the next 5 years.
• ''The global market for large-sized LCDTV panels will reach 28.8 million units
by 2007, up from 1.4 million units in 2002.
• "Plasma-display-panel televisions, LCD
televisions, DVDs, digital cameras, and
automobile-navigation systems are the
only growing markets.
• "The invasion of plasma color TV and
rear-projection TV may force 34-in.
CRT TV to withdraw from the domestic
market."
The panel discussion explored several overlapping topics. What is the relative impor-
44 Information Display 9/03
0362-0972/03/1909-044$1.00 + .00 © SID 2003
tance of image size, image quality, reliability,
and the "attractiveness" of the competing
products? Which technologies will dominate
in various size ranges? What is to be the role
of rear projection using both CRT and
microdisplay technologies? How will the
various technologies compete over the next
5 years for shares of the TV market? Will
customers really buy these displays and where
will they get the money?
"Large-screen displays are defined by
cost," said Peter Van Kessel. "In 5 years, it
will be whatever technology you can buy for
$ 1700 (an average price for today 's projection
CRT TV set) .. . 1080i or 720p will make
inroads below this price point."
The impact of HDTV continues to be
unclear. Harm Tolner noted that high definition is found in Japan but not in Europe, while
according to Larry Weber, "It does not pay to
have a fulll920 [rows of] pixels for HDTV.
They will not be seen. For that a 70-in. panel
with at least 3 million pixels wou ld be
needed! "
"The market has room for many price
paths," agreed Dave Slobodin. "There will be
plenty with 480p in smaller sizes and 720p or
1080i for larger sizes."
Larry Weber suggested that LCDs would
dominate below 30 in., while PDPs would
dominate above 40 in. "Thirty inches is 'itty
bitty ' for plasma ... PDPs can go where LCDs
and CRTs can not go."
Dave Slobodin said, "LCDs will squeeze
plasma; microdisplays will produce competition and affordability ... front projection will
become an acceptable solution and will
become more viable as awareness grows."
Gary Feather said, "The market is so big
that there will be no winners and no losers in
any of the markets. A "puny" 1.3% market
share would let us eat well!" Image quality is
a moving target. Buyers are being educated to
increase their expectations about a "good
picture."
Harm Tolner agreed with Bernard J.
Lechner' s comment from the audience that
the big advantage of CRTs is "punch" (peak
brightness) not provided by other technologies. "The challenge is how to penetrate the
CRT market. Peak luminance is essential, and
perfect black is needed for home cinema
regardless of brightness ... with no 'dirtywindow ' effects."
The question of when display measurements will be standardized drew mixed
responses. "There is not much hope for standards any time soon." "Standards efforts are
sporadic." "There are ANSI standards for
projectors." ''There is tremendous activity at
IEC working groups 2 and 4." "Standards are
available- encourage manufacturers to use
them."
Will consumers really buy big-screen TV?
A 3MPO survey indicates 30% of U.S. households want big screens, according to Chuck
McLaughlin. Experience with the ramp-up of
home-PC sales in the early 1990s and the
explosive growth of DVD sales suggests that
"where there' s a will, there's a way."
It is not just about technology. The variety
of TV big screens gives prospective customers
a chance to be creative in interior decorating
and in the ways that they use technology in
their homes. "LCDs are welcome in the
home," suggested Gary Feather. "People create environments. They like the look, light
weight, and energy conservation of LCDs
compared with CRTs and PDPs."
It is not just the image quality, either. They
are accustomed to seeing CRT projection systems at a sub-$2000 price point. ''The first
thing seen after the picture is the price," said
Peter Van Kessel.
Dave Slobodin commented, "Customers
will be the big winners as technologies converge, and there are lots of options to [buy
larger] screen sizes and higher image quality."
Reliability is a tricky issue because a consumer
may have trouble differentiating between fail ures and routine maintenance. And as noted
by Sang Soo Kim, "There are different definitions of 'end of life' for LCDs and PDPs."
"The consumer needs to know the ground
rules going in," suggested Van Kessel. "[He
or she] may have to replace a lamp sometime.
We are seeing improvements from lamp suppliers." The question took on a different
meaning for Larry Weber. "Life is not an
issue ... a display is obsolete after 13 years."
The key question "What can I buy for
$2000 in 5 years?" brought a variety of
responses. Dave Slobodin said, "good-quality
55-60-in. DLP rear-projection displays, 42-in.
LCDs, and plasma." Harm Tolner suggested,
"32-in. PDPs ($1600) or 37-in. PDPs $2000."
Chuck McLaughlin commented that "rearprojection products will challenge PDPs in the
marketplace." Peter Van Kessel said, "I
expect that LCDs and PDPs will dominate
smaller 30-40-in.-diagonal screens. Above
40 in., I expect projection to dominate."
Although everyone seemed to agree that
digital TV is a major driving force behind the
consumer' s interest in big-screen sets, there
was some disagreement about the role of
high-definition TV. Bernard J. Lechner, a
longtime advocate of high-definition TV, took
issue with some comments made by the panelists that high definition was not fueling TV
growth . "You cannot discount high definition; 720p and 1080i are available on 1000
TV stations every day. Sports are important
and [require] a big screen- at least 60 in . in
16 x 9. We will see lots of high definition ."
Table 1: Market Predictions for Big-Screen TV Sets
2005 Forecast
(M units)
2007 Conservative
(M units)
2007 Optimistic
(M units)
Rear-projection TV
4.0
5.0
8.0
Front-projection TV
0.2
1.0
5.0
PDP
0.3
3.0
7.4
3.0
19.1
Technology
AM LCD
CRT Direct View
10.6
16.0
5.8
Total
12.1
28 .0
45 .3
It was stated that the ubiquitous CRT projection TV set is a difficult target for marketers of other display technologies . CRT
projection "works," and current projection TV
sets are relatively inexpensive compared with
those that are based on flat-panel technology.
But there is an opening for microdisplaybased projection.
The renewed single-session format of SID' s
evening panel worked well. Discussion was
spirited and to the point. At the end, Chi Mei
Optoelectronics Corp. received well-deserved
applause for its sponsorship of this session
and for providing refreshments. •
SID '04
Symposium, Seminar,
and Exhibition
Seattle, Washington
Washington State
Convention and Trade Center
May 23-28, 2004
4
11th Color Imaging
Applications
SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA
NOVEMBER 4-7, 2003
• An international multidisciplinary forum
for dialogue on:
-Creation and capture of Color Images
-Color Image reproduction and
interchange
- Co-sponsored with IS& T
(Sources of data: FCR, DisplaySearch, PMA, TSR, 3MPO, iSuppi , MCG)
45
backlight
continued from page 56
AMOLED venture with Sanyo Electric Co.
called SK Display, and it recently added
Varitronix International, Ltd. , to its long List
of OLEO Licensees, which includes Den so,
eMagin, Lite Array, Nippon Seiki, Opsys,
Pioneer Electronics, Ritek, TDK, Teco Electric & Machinery Co. , Rohm, Sanyo, and
ULVAC Japan.
The Gen 3 materials improve luminance (or
reduce power) by about one-third over the
company's Gen 2 materials, Kodak estimates.
The new Gen 3 red has about 250% better
luminous efficiency than the Gen 2 red, and
the green efficiency of the Gen 3 color suite
more than doubles that of the previous version. The new Gen 3 blue, however, has only
about half the efficiency of Gen 3 blue. The
reason, according to a Kodak white paper, is a
"more equitable power consumption per
[three-color] channel." The aggregate result
of Gen 3 RGB is an estimated 37% power
savings- in one example, for a white image
of 120 nits.
OLEO-materials suppliers, such as Covion,
Cambridge Display Technology, and Dow
Chemical, are also forging ahead on efficiency, lifetime, and color purity issues, and
work by Universal Display Corp. and several
FPD partners in phosphorescent materials
promises to make great leaps in efficiency.
Thus, "good enough" will quickly become
"even better."
Certainly, OLEOs will also carve out some
space in smal l-display applications beyond
cellular telephones and PDAs- in hand-held
consumer gear such as MP3 players, for
example - and in the many instrumentation
applications that now rely on LCDs, VFDs, or
inorganic LEOs. But as for the 13-, 15-, 20-,
and 24-in. OLEO prototypes we have seen
over the past few years, do not expect them to
become commercial products in the near term.
For the most part, OLEO makers are just getting the frrst-order problems solved for small
passive-matrix monochrome OLEDs.
Yes, the OLEO has made a very auspicious
beginning, and its greatest days are still to
come. But at every step into a new application area, it will come up against entrenched
competitors, including the LCD. What the
LCD reminds me of most is a virus, recurrently mutating to meet new challenges and
constantly reinventing itself. Could the
OLEO be the antibody that will free the world
of the juggernaut LCD virus? That is not
Likely in the foreseeab le future. •
David Lieberman is a veteran display
journalist living in Massachusetts.
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Solomon Systech ...
...... 8
3M Optical Systems .. .. .. .... ... ..7,25,47,C3
3M Touch Systems ........................... .41
VESA ................. .................. ... .. ... .... 3,C4
Westar Display Technologies ......... l1,49
Wiley.
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Unigraf ....
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55
SID Executive Committee
President: A. Kmetz
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Looking at OLEDs
by David Lieberman
We do not yet live in the age of the OLED, but we
have clearly entered the era of OLED branding.
DuPont Displays now has its Olight®, Kodak its
NuVu®, OSRAM its PictivaTM' and who knows what
cutesy label is next on the marketing horizon? All
this branding of an electro-optic (or is that optoelectronic?) component may seem kind of corny and it reeks of lntel-inside envy,
but perhaps OLED makers may be forgiven their sincere enthusiasm for an FPD
technology that really shines.
It is worth noting that, historically, an FPD technology does not come to market when it is perfect, but when it is "good enough" to capture a slice of some
market segment. It is also worth mentioning, to those who see OLED TVs and
monitors just down the road, that OLEDs will start off on the small side and
mostly in monochrome versions. Passive-matrix monochrome is "the ticket of
entry to a real market and a substantial market," says Tom Miller, General
Manager of DuPont Displays, "but full color is where the action is."
How good is good enough? I have not yet bought a car that has an OLED
audio system, nor have I seen any data on those OLEDs' performance, lifetime,
or durability; and I have not yet discovered any field anecdotes or encountered
any user feedback about OLEDs in automobiles. The reviews of Motorola's
StarTac cellular-telephone venture into OLEDs were mixed. My kids did not
give me either a Norelco-Philips Sensotec electric razor or a Kodak EasyShare
digital camera for Father's Day, so in the absence of any evidence (I solicit your
experiences with OLED-based products), my only real way of judging is to
resort to the ultimate judge when it comes to evaluating FPDs: the human eye.
My eye says OLEDs are good enough for cellular telephones and, in side-byside comparisons of LCD and OLED PDAs, the upstart OLEDs also fare very
well. As emissive displays, they shine in a way that reflective/transmissive
LCDs do not, and this is simply very pleasing to the eye. Show consumers two
otherwise identical cellular telephones, side by side, one with an LCD and one
with an OLED, and they will choose the OLED model every time, I suspect.
(But how much extra they would be willing to spend for it is still an open question.) And yet, perhaps, I have not seen the latest, greatest AMLCD cellular
telephones; and perhaps polysilicon will improve the picture for AMLCDs.
Then again, I have seen some LCDs -coupled with phosphor, if I remember
rightly, that glow nicely and compare favorably with OLEDs in cellulartelephone-type applications on the aesthetic front.
And we are just at the beginning of things for OLEDs, which will have more
to offer the consumer than just a nice glow. All along, the OLED makers have
claimed a power advantage over some types of LCDs, and that is an important
factor for battery life in hand-held consumer products. No real-world data has
yet been presented to prove the point, however. Nevertheless, recent advances
in the efficiency of OLED materials have been major, as have lifetime improvements and color purity as well. And coming generations of OLEDs will have a
more powerful story to tell.
Kodak, for one, recently announced a third-generation suite of color-OLED
materials that provides a nice boost in efficiency. The company has a joint
continued on page 54
56
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