3G_Schepper_TRAIT THEORY

y:
Trait
Theory
and
TRAIT THEORY
What is it?
DEFINITION:
‘temperament’ ‘type’ ‘traits’,
‘personality’
Refers to how a person relates and
thinks about the world around them.
Temperament and Personality
theories
• ANCIENT HISTORY
• 400 BC Hippocrates The 4 Humors
–Melanchole - Black Bile, Melancholic
–Haima - Blood, Sanguine
–Chole - Yellow Bile, Choleric
–Phlegma –Phlegm, Phlegmatic
380 BC Plato
Guardian,
Artisan,
Idealist,
Rational.
190 AD Galan
Gloomy - Melancholic,
Optimistic - Sanguine,
Irritable - Choleric,
Calm - Phlegmatic
MODERN HISTORY
• 1764 AD Kant: Libertarian, Liberal, Authoritarian,
Conservative
• 1921 AD Carl Jung: Combination of Extravert,
Introvert, Rational, Irrational
• 1957 AD Myers & Briggs: Combination of
Reserved, Expressive, Observant, Scheduling,
Probing, Intraspective, Friendly, & Tough-minded,
• 1970 AD Keirsey: Guardians, Artisans, Idealists,
Rationals
Difference between
Temperament and
Character.
• Temperament = The genetic neurological
orientation for relating to the world. (Nature)
• Character = The learned behaviors or coping
skills to deal with the world. (Nurture)
IMPORTANT NOTE:
FUNDAMENTAL
ATTRIBUTION ERROR
The belief that everyone relates to the world the
same way I do.
MELANCHOLY Positives
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Philosophical
Thoughtful
Analytical
Serious and Purposeful
Self-sacrificing to close friends
High Standards
Faithful & Devoted
Compassionate
Organized
Melancholy Not-so-positive
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Moody & Depressed
Isolative & Withdrawn
Sensitive to guilt
Skeptical & critical
Easily hurt (martyr)
Trusts few people
Dislikes groups
CHOLERIC Positives
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Natural leader
Not easily discouraged
Independent & Self-sufficient
Motivates
Goal Oriented
Organized
Thrives on competition/opposition
Utilizes relationships
CHOLERIC Not-so-positive
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Bossy & Controlling
Quick-tempered (anger)
Unsympathetic
Little Tolerance & Demanding
Manipulates
Micro-manager
Impatient toward perceived inadequacies
Relationally selectively ranked
SANGUINE Positive
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Cheerful and Bubbly
Life of the party
Great sense of humor
Talkative & likes stories
Sincere & Enthusiastic
Always Active
Creative and colorful
Inspires others to join
Lots of friends & Loves people
Spontaneous
SANGUINE Not-so-positive
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Compulsive Talker
Undisciplined
Capricious Priorities
Decisions based on feelings
Easily distracted
Shifting emotions
Despises being alone
Interrupts & doesn't listen
Forgetful & makes excuses
PHLEGMATIC Positives
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Easy going and relaxed
Consistent
Sympathetic & Kind
Competent & Steady
Avoids Conflict
Pleasant with a dry sense of humor
Good listener
Has good number of friends
Doesn't get upset easily
PHLEGMATIC Not-so-positive
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Avoids responsibility
Indecisive
Not goal oriented
Lacks self-motivation
Careless/Indifferent to the point of Lazy
Resists Change
Quiet & unengaged
Resents being pushed
TEST Bibliography
• Communication, Affect & Learning in the Classroom:
Virginia Peck Richmond, Jason S. Wrench, Joan Gorham.
Chapter 14.
http://ciosmail.cios.org:3375/readbook/cal/cal.pdf
• Personality Plus: Florence Littauer
• Understanding Your Temperament: Peter Blitchington &
Robert Cruise
• Please Understand Me: David Keirsey & Marilyn Bates
• The 4 Temperaments: Renee Baron
Mixed Temperaments
Sanguine/Choleric
Sanguine/Melancholic
Sanguine/Phlegmatic
Choleric/Sanguine
Choleric/Melancholic
Choleric/Phlegmatic
Melancholic/Sanguine
Melancholic/Choleric
Melancholic/Phlegmatic
Phlegmatic/Sanguine
Phlegmatic/Melancholic
Phlegmatic/Choleric
Criminogenic Needs
COMPAS (Correctional Offender
Management Profiling for Alternative
Sanction) categories will be used to
evaluate areas of need with different
temperaments.
Melancholic
Choleric
Sanguine
Phlegmatic