Kornberg Slide/ - A-IMBN

Toward innovative research: Lessons from the Kornbergs
July 23, 2007 Yasuda Auditorium
Introduction by Ken-ichi Arai
Kornberg Family Photo in 2006, Stockholm
Dear Arthur, Roger, Tom, Ken, welcome to Tokyo!
Kornberg Family Photo in 1959, Stockholm
Roger
Ken
Sylvy
Arthur
Tom
Sylvy discovered the enzyme that makes huge polyphosphate chains. Her high
intelligence led to key insights at many stages of our work on replication.
For the Love of Enzymes
The Odyssey of a Biochemist
Arthur published books; DNA Replication, For the Love of Enzymes, Golden
Helix (Inside Biotech Ventures).
This book is a modern-day “Book of Five Rings” that replaces the medium of
Swordmanship with that of biochemistry, particularly enzymology. In relating
his story, Kornberg never avoids the difficult question of why?
Joining the Enzyme Hunters: Arthur’s Mentors
Gerty & Carl Cori in 1947
Severo Ochoa in 1955
I went to New York to meet Ochoa. He
agreed to take me and I started as his
first postdoctoral student a month later.
Gerty had no faculty appointment until
1947 when she shared the Nobel Prize
with Carl. I had come to the Cori
laboratory to solve the major problem in
biochemistry, the mechanism of aerobic
phosphorylation.
Arthur Kornberg Network
S. Ochoa
A. Kornberg
NYU, USA
Stanford, USA
A. Kornberg, Y. Kaziro,
C. Weissmann
O. Hayaishi, R.& T. Okazaki
K. Ueda, K. & N. Arai
O. Hayaishi
Kyoto
Y. Nishizuka,
K. Ueda, T. Honjo
H. Okayama,
T. Shimizu
P. Berg
C. Weissmann
Y. Kaziro
Zurich, Swiss
IMSUT
T. Tadatsugu,
S. Nagata
Stanford, USA
K.& N. Arai ,
S. Nagata,
A. Miyajima,
T. Yokota
H. Okayama
R. Mulligan
DNAX
California, USA
K.& N. Arai,
A. Miyajima, T. Yokota,
K. Matsumoto
R.&T. Okazaki
Nagoya
Human Network in Life Science
Ochoa-Kornberg network extends to Japan via Kaziro, Hayaishi & Okazakis
Yoshito Kaziro
Ochoa & Shimazono (Kaziro’s mentor
in Japan) were close friends.
Yoshiaki Miura
Severo Ochoa, Arthur, Paul Berg
International Symposium in Honor of
Yoshito Kaziro in 1989
Severo Ochoa & Sumio Shimazono
The Enzyme Section, NIH in 1952
Osamu Hayaishi
Arthur
Osamu Hayaishi, later to become the doyen of biochemistry in Japan had come
from Osaka, and was working with me at NIH as a postdoctoral fellow. He
later moved with me from NIH to Washington University to become an
assistant professor, the first appointment I made as a chairman of the new
department of microbiology.
The Microbiology Department, Washington University,
St. Louis in 1956
R. Lehman
Arthur
P. Berg
D. Hogness
The Stanford Biochemistry Department began to coalesce in 1953
while I was still in St. Louis. I left Bethesda for St. Louis on
January 21, inauguration Day of President Eisenhower.
DNA Synthesis, Chromosome & Replication Fork
The ability to manipulate and alter DNA fired a revolution that forever
changed the nature of biology. Arthur is a primary architect of this
revolution. Prior to Arthur, genetic information and later DNA were
imbued by biologists with almost vitalistic aura. Arthur demonstrated
that DNA is a molecule synthesized by enzymes, like all other chemical
constituents of the cell.
Stanford University
Department of Biochemistry in 1980
Arthur
N.& K.Arai
I have been fortunate in my family life-at home and in the
laboratory. The Biochemistry Department at Stanford seems strange
to most people-a small faculty, together for over thirty years,
sharing resources communally and focusing on single subject, DNA.
Arais at Stanford in 1977 Paul Berg visited Japan in 2006
S.Watanabe
Department of Biochemistry
Paul & Stanford/DNAX Alumni
I.&A.Miyajima
H.Okayama
Reiji & Tsuneko Okazaki
When Reiji and Tsuneko left my laboratory
in 1963, they returned to Nagoya University
where they made their epochal discovery
“Okazaki Fragments” & “semidiscontinuous
replication”
Biochemistry Department, Stanford in 1963
Arthur & Sylvy with Okazakis in 1975
Arthur
Reiji & Tsuneko
!"#$%&'%()#*)+,#"-%./+/0"1*%2033
Astonishing Machines of Replication
RNA priming
& Primosome
The Locomotive that starts DNA chains
DNA Polymerase
III holoenzyme
& Replisome
The Super Sewing Machine under the Fig Leaf
of the replication fork
At Biochemistry Department
Stanford in 1980
At DNAX in 1985
Arthur
Roger
Arthur Kornberg, Paul Berg, Charles
Yanofsky established DNAX with Alex
Zaffaroni combining molecular biology,
cell biology and immunology. DNAX shed
light on cytokine network and signaling
through receptors
Arthur
Hugh McDevitt
Gene Hunters and the Golden Age
Biotechnology industry in Silicon Valley
Discovery
Innovation
Translational
Research
New Products
Double helix
Genetic code
DNA polymerase
Splicing
Ribozyme
Cloning
Sequencing
PCR
SELEX
Gene targeting
Genome Diagnosis
Genomic Drugs
Gene Therapy
Cell Therapy
Regenerative
Medicine
Arthur Kornberg
DNA polymerase
1959 Nobel Prize
Paul Berg
Genetic Engineering
1980 Nobel Prize
Alejandro Zaffaroni
DDS, DNA chip
Entrepreneuer
Arthur trained a school of scientists who focused on and discovered many of the enzymatic
activities on DNA. It is these enzymes that allow modern “genetic engineering”.
Roger Kornberg
Roger proposed Nucleosome
structure of chromatin in
1970s
Nucleosome
At Stanford
Our children were often
with us in the lab after
school let out and often
weekends.When asked at
age nine what he want for
Christmas, Roger said “A
week in the lab.”
Roger Kornberg
With Summer Students
in 1996, Stanford
in 2006, Stockholm
Roger will give a lecture on
Eukaryotic Transcription
tomorrow at Tetsumon
Auditorium
Tom Kornberg
Tom’s talent for music and devotion to the
cello from the age of eight precluded any
special attention to science. At sixteen,
he was selected for the Juilliard School.
At my urging, Tom also enrolled as a fulltime student at Columbia College.
At UCSF
M. Sato
Tom will talk about Developmental Biology tomorrow at
Yayoi Auditorium
Ken Kornberg
Ken’s early exposure to biochemistry
was evident when at the age of eight.
But science was not to be his
profession. Ken did not escape science
entirely. As an architect, he specializes
in the design of laboratories and
buildings for research in biomedical
science and biotechnology.
With Vietnam delegation
Ken will give a talk on Designer Laboratory this afternoon.
We thank Arthur & Carolyn for coming to Japan
At their home in Portola Valley
with Ken
Arthur will give a talk on
Inorganic Polyphosphate tomorrow
afternoon At IMSUT.
We thank all members of
Kornberg Family and wish you
to have pleasant time in Japan!