Nematology Newsletter 62-2
Transcription
Nematology Newsletter 62-2
Nematology Newsletter An Official Publication of the Society of Nematologists Business NOT as Usual June 2016 Volume 62, Issue 2 Table of Contents From the President - 1-3 Annual Meeting - 4 Tentative Program - 5-16 Meetings of Interests - 16 Election Results - 16 Cyst Workshop - 17 ESN Meeting - 17-18 Open Position at UF - 18 Brazilian Society Report - 19 News from Israel - 20 Letter to the Editors - 21 Classic Reprint - 22-24 Open Position in Brazil - 24 Nematode Resources - 25 Media & Cobb Foundation - 26 Nema Trading Cards - 27-28 The SON has had a “business office” for decades. Back in the olden days of our Society the workload of dealing with journal subscriptions and membership registrations became unmanageable, and so we hired a business office to help with the daily chores. Remember when we used snail mail to send out ballots? Remember when we printed membership directories and newsletters and snail-mailed them to our members? Remember institutional and individual journal subscriptions and print copies of the journal? Yeah, managing all of that was a lot of work. So, back in the olden days we hired a “business office” to take care of it. Sure, it was expensive, but it was justified by the amount of work, and the revenue stream that the journal generated. From the President Hi folks! While you’ve been cranking out amazing science, communicating it to the public, and teaching it your (our) students, there have been some important things happening behind the scenes in the Society of Nematologists. Here are a few of the highlights: But then we shifted gears big time. We created a web page that allowed our members to establish or renew their membership with a few mouse clicks and a credit card – completely bypassing the business office. We shifted to an open access, electronic journal, which obviated the need for a business office to manage journal subscriptions. We conducted voting and other society business electronically. Essentially, the SON evolved its business model such that tasks that used to take 10 hours a week now take only 10 hours a month (actually, even less for most months – more during registration drives and meeting registrations, but far less the rest of the year). On top of that, many of the business office tasks were redundant with tasks that are assigned to members of the executive board – we were paying the business office to maintain a membership database that the SON web editor also maintained, and perform tasks that the secretary, web editor and treasurer also performed. So, yeah, for the past 5 years or so we pretty much didn’t need a business office. So why were we paying so much for so little all that time? You guessed it – even if there isn’t that much to do, who else is going to do it? And we’d become so accustomed to the business office “taking care of things” that frankly we didn’t even know what we were paying them to do, and we were afraid to find out. Who has the courage to take a peek behind the curtain and see what’s been going on? If we terminate our “professional” business office, who is willing to step up and take on the business office responsibilities? Enter Dr. Stephen H. Thomas. Distinguished Professor. Nematologist. Superstar. That’s right, folks. Your past president is performing a self-sacrificing feasibility study to determine whether our Society can return to its roots as an all-volunteer organization. Thanks to Steve’s gumption, hard work, and love for this Society, we’re finally addressing a long-overdue issue that will vastly improve our financial standing. Our goal with this project is to find out what our society really needs from its “business office” to provide value to our members, and develop a sustainable path forward that distributes these duties most efficiently among our current organizational structure. The results of this experiment are just beginning to emerge, stay tuned Presidential Support You know how every now and then you see a press release that includes a statement like, “the presidents of over 1,000 scientific societies support this initiative”? In the past few months I’ve used my executive power to sign on in support of several of these types of initiatives, including legislation that would increase funding of basic and applied scientific research, improve support for biological collections, and programs aimed at educating governmental bodies and the general public about the importance of soil biodiversity and the realities of climate change. When I write these letters of support, I take great pleasure in mentioning specific roles and contributions that members of our Society have made to these bodies of knowledge. Members of our Society have used competitive, public funding to generate knowledge that has fundamentally changed how we feed the world, how we study the world, our place in the world, and how to create a more sustainable, healthy, and meaningful future. We are a power for good. Nematologists rock! Poutine, not Routine: Attache ta tuque! Enfin! J’t’après mourir de faim! Boy oh boy, I can’t wait to drop into a mom and pop casse-croûtes and dig into a plate of french-fries topped with cheese curd and smothered in gravy. You think that’s a weird combination of flavors? Lâche pas la patate! That’s right – I can’t wait to go to the SON meetings this summer in Montreal! Because we’re meeting jointly with ONTA (formerly OTAN, for those of you old enough to remember), the upcoming SON meetings will be twice as good! (2 X Nematology = Awesome!). If you haven’t already, please get to the meeting web page and get all set up to take in a full-blown, life-changing scientific experience – among friends! Nothing better! To Tweet or not to Tweet – Is that a Question? Keeping your finger on the pulse of the coolest and lamest developments in nematology has never been easier. Thanks to our volunteer social media master Andrea Skantar, and lots of savvy SON members, there’s no excuse for being in the dark when it comes to the latest buzz on nematofauna. Get your head out of the sand. Muck soil, you say? Either way, pull your head out and get plugged into the SON Facebook and Twitter feeds so you’ll know what’s happening in the world of all cool-stuff-nematological. Bazinga! From Havana to Antibes As you may have heard, the 2020 IFNS Congress will be held in Antibes, France. It’s a fantastic venue, and the science is sure to be equally spectacular. As you know, we put in a preliminary bid to host the meetings in Cuba. Given the fluctuating political environment, a lot of details about the ease of putting together a meeting of this magnitude could not be nailed down in time for us to package up a competitive, compelling bid. I am optimistic that there is a bright spot in the SON’s future that includes an IFNS Congress in Cuba. As disappointed as I am that we couldn’t put together a more competitive bid, the process of trying to pull it together generated a lot of positive energy, particularly between the SON and our many Latin American partners. Our joint meeting with ONTA places this in sharp focus, and I hope that we can use this momentum to facilitate even more opportunities for future scientific collaboration and exchange. Table of Contents 2 Nematology: I’m not Spartacus, I’m a Nematologist tions and social problems. Back in the late Pleistocene, when I was a grad student, there was a lot of handwringing over the future of nematology. Nematology departments were being downsized and sequestered into other academic units. The number of industry representatives at our meetings was in sharp decline, along with financial contributions that supported mixers, workshops, student travel, and prestigious awards. Submissions to the Journal of Nematology were down. Nematology positions in academia were going away, and they weren’t coming back. Word on the street was that nematicidal chemistries had been perfected, and even better, antihelminthic plant genetics was almost there. Nematologists, or anyone with advanced training in nematode anatomy, taxonomy, physiology, ecology, behavior and management would soon be obsolete. Nozzleheads and Gene Jockeys were all the world needed to solve the world’s nematode problems. And there I was – a first-year nematology graduate student at the SON meetings, and the mood around the watering hole was as if we were a bunch of dinosaurs who knew that a meteor was about to strike the earth. Where are they now? They have taken up positions in diverse academic departments (agronomy, horticulture, weed science, landscape design, environmental science, plant science, animal science, zoology, botany, parasitology, biology, microbiology, cell biology, molecular biology, genetics, medicine, ecology, evolutionary biology, physiology, behavior, genomics, bioinformatics, etc.). They are teachers and educators, legislators, program managers, outreach coordinators, product engineers, consultants and entrepreneurs. We might not see them at our meetings every year, but I certainly feel better about the state of the world knowing that some of my students who have gone on to be doctors, growers, administrators, dentists and yes, even lawyers, know what nematodes are and why they are important on more than a superficial level. Fast-forward 20 years: How vibrant and relevant is the science of nematology today? Well, I suppose that depends on your perspective. I certainly don’t see new nematology departments or faculty lines popping up all over the place, if that’s your metric of success. Are we continuing to give our students obsolete training in a discipline that is going extinct? It certainly doesn’t seem that way to me. The number of students attending and presenting their research at our meetings continues to be robust, and the science they are doing is innovative and meaningful. And like dandelions, our students are popping up in plum positions all over the place – even in places you might not expect them. They’ve put the training they received in nematology into their toolboxes, and it’s served them well as they’ve successfully competed for, and even created diverse positions in industry and academia. As we look around us now, the science of nematology is more widespread, abundant, and relevant than it ever was. Back in the olden days, a student with advanced training in nematology was often perceived to be qualified for only a narrow range of disciplinary vocations. Nowadays our students are highlyprized blue-chip candidates for positions in an amazing array of occupations. To be sure, they are still making the most of those few plum nematology positions in industry and at prestigious public universities. But it is becoming more and more common to find them taking the lead in their professions by plying their backgrounds in nematology to successfully tackle age-old scientific ques- I am convinced that despite the decline in dedicated nematology positions in academia, the science of nematology is growing and expanding its influence. Several years ago Diana Wall and I hosted Dr. Arden Bement, world-renown engineer and then Director of the National Science Foundation, on an impromptu visit to our lab in McMurdo Station, Antarctica. As I mechanically started into some of the standard nematode talking points, he beamed at us and excitedly blurted, “Oh yes, I know all about nematodes! I was a member of the “Friends of Nematodes Club” back in college. It was a hoot!” Well, how about that. Good to know that even folks at the very top of NSF know a thing or two about nematode worms and why they are important. And on more than a superficial level, I might add! As a faculty member in a basic biology department, I certainly didn’t end up with one of those plum nematology positions at a prestigious university. But I still get to study and teach about nematodes, in all their glory, and feel like I’m making the world a better place for it. What a gig! In closing, I conjure the famous scene from the 1960 movie “Sparticus” (starring Kirk Douglas as Spartacus): I imagine all of those folks in disparate vocations across the globe, all nematologists in training and at heart, all shouting a cacophonous and unifying chorus of “I am a Nematologist!” Yeah baby! See you in Montreal – and bring your A-game! Table of Contents 3 Joint Meeting Society of Nematologists & Organization of Tropical American Nematologists Montreal, Canada July 17-21 The Society of Nematologists and Organization of Nematologists of Tropical America will be hosting a joint meeting in 2016. We are just beginning planning a great conference for July 17-21, 2016 in Montreal Canada fitting for the meeting of the Americas. The meeting kicks off with registration and a social on July 17, followed by two days of technical programs, a 1 day tour, and then closes with a one day technical program and awards banquet on July 21. The Chair of the technical program committee is headed by Patricia Timper (patricia.timper@ ars.usda.gov) for SON and Ignacio Cid del Prado Vera (icid@colpos.mx) for ONTA. The preliminary technical program is included in the pages that follow. The local arrangement committee is headed by Benjamin Mimee (benjamin.mimee@agr.gc.ca), Guy Belair (guy.belair@agr.gc.ca), and Mario Tenuta (mario.tenuta@umanitoba.ca). These three have already started planning a great conference. Please visit the meeting website often for updated information: http://soilecology.ca/SONONTA2016/Program/index.html. Welcome SON and OTAN Members! Welcome SON and OTAN Members! Montreal, Canada Table of Contents 4 The tentative program for the joint meeting of the Society of Nematologists and the Organization of Tropical American Nematologists is presented to help you plan your time during the meeting. Items highlighted in yellow remain to be determined. Table of Contents 5 Table of Contents 6 The tentative program for the joint meeting of the Society of Nematologists and the Organization of Tropical American Nematologists is presented to help you plan your time during the meeting. Items highlighted in yellow remain to be determined. Table of Contents 7 The tentative program for the joint meeting of the Society of Nematologists and the Organization of Tropical American Nematologists is presented to help you plan your time during the meeting. Items highlighted in yellow remain to be determined. Table of Contents 8 The tentative program for the joint meeting of the Society of Nematologists and the Organization of Tropical American Nematologists is presented to help you plan your time during the meeting. Items highlighted in yellow remain to be determined. Table of Contents 9 Table of Contents 10 The tentative program for the joint meeting of the Society of Nematologists and the Organization of Tropical American Nematologists is presented to help you plan your time during the meeting. Items highlighted in yellow remain to be determined. Table of Contents 11 Table of Contents 12 The tentative program for the joint meeting of the Society of Nematologists and the Organization of Tropical American Nematologists is presented to help you plan your time during the meeting. Items highlighted in yellow remain to be determined. Table of Contents 13 The tentative program for the joint meeting of the Society of Nematologists and the Organization of Tropical American Nematologists is presented to help you plan your time during the meeting. Items highlighted in yellow remain to be determined. Table of Contents 14 The tentative program for the joint meeting of the Society of Nematologists and the Organization of Tropical American Nematologists is presented to help you plan your time during the meeting. Items highlighted in yellow remain to be determined. Table of Contents 15 Meetings of Interest to Nematologists: July 17-21: Joint Meeting of the SON and ONTA. Montreal, Québec, Canada http://soilecology.ca/SONONTA2016/index.html July 17-21: XVII International Congress on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction. Portland, OR, USA http://www.ismpmi.org/congress/2016/Pages/default.aspx July 24-28: The International Congress on Invertebrate Pathology and Microbial Control and the 49th Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology. Tours, Loire Valley, France http://www.sipweb.org/meetings.html July 30 – August 3, 2016: APS Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL, USA http://www.apsnet.org/meetings/annual/Pages/default.aspx August 10 - 13, 2016: The 13th Chinese Nematology Symposium, Kunming City, Unnan Province, China August 22 - 26, 2016: The 27th International Colloquium on Soil Zoology and 14th International Colloquium on Apterygota, Nara, Japan http://soilzoology.jp/icsz_ica2016/abstracts-submission/ SON Election Results August 28 – September 1, 2016: 32nd International Symposium of Nematology. Braga, Portugal http://esn2016braga.com/ Congratulations are in order for the following candidates: SON Vice President - Billy Crow SON Treasurer - Kathy Lawrence Cobb Foundation Chair - Richard Davis Cobb Foundation Vice-Chair - Nathan Schroeder The Society gives a HUGE thanks to all of you that made this a successful election. The tally was extremely close and the society thanks all of the candidates that were willing to serve the SON. April 10 – 14, 2017: The 8th International Scientific Seminar on Plant Health, for Cuban Agriculture Transition to Sustainability. Havana, Cuba (download a brochure about the meeting here: https://www.dropbox.com/s/ap3kkhvu8o8gmrr/The%208th%20International%20Scientific%20Seminar%20on%20Plant%20Health.pdf?dl=0) http://www.inisav.cu Table of Contents 16 WORKSHOP: Morphological and Molecular Diagnostics of Globodera spp. Joint Meeting of the Society of Nematologists and Organization of Tropical American Nematologists * Globodera species: current systematics and phylogeography. Dr. Sergei Subbotin. * Morphological diagnostics of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.). Dr. Zafar Handoo. * Using molecular identification methods for Globodera species. Dr. Vivian Blok. * Globodera spp: Identification, distribution and hosts in the Andean regions. Dr. Javier Franco. * Globodera species of quarantine and non-quarantine relevance in Chile: diagnostics and distributions. Dr. Ingrid Moreno. The 32nd Symposium of the European Society of Nematologists will take place at the Gualtar Campus of the University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, from August 28 to September 1, 2016. This symposium is an international forum to gather researchers from around the world, to share and discuss their findings regarding the broad and interdisciplinary field of Nematology. Scientific sessions topics are: Applications of EPN in agriculture; Biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes; Ecology and genetics of nematode communities; EPN biology & diversity; Intraspecific diversification and genetic structure of nematode populations; Nematodes as bio-indicator in terrestrial, fresh water and marine habitats; Nematode effectors including suppressors of host plant resistance; Nematode genomics and transcriptomics; Nematode systematics and taxonomy; Molecular basis of nematode resistance and ...Continued on the next page Program: July 21, 2016, 10:30am-11:45am. Questions/Discussions: 1. Selected case studies: examples submitted from the participants of the workshop. Please email your questions, protocols, gel pictures related to problems with the identification of Globodera spp. in your laboratory to Dr. Janete Brito. They will be used as the backbone for our discussions. 2. Perspectives for developing molecular diagnostic protocols and strengthening interactions between laboratories and countries. Contact: Dr. Janete Brito, FDACS/DPI, Gainesville, FL, USA: janete.brito@freshfromflorida.com. Table of Contents University of Minho - campus of Gualtar 17 Open Position: University of Florida Nematology Graduate Student University of Minho - Rectory avirulence; Phylogeny and parasitism evolution in nematodes; Plant hormone/ metabolite manipulations by nematodes; Plant-mediated interactions between nematodes and other organisms; Plant parasitic nematodes management in temperate crops - integrated control strategies; Plant parasitic nematodes management in temperate crops – methodology; Plant parasitic nematode management in tropical and arid crops; Plant response to nematode infection (compatible); PWN biology and epidemiology; Quarantine aspects and management of PWN in the EU; Quarantine aspects in nematology; Sensory perception and communication; Species delineation, molecular barcodes and diagnostics; Sustainable management of plant resistance and nematode adaptation; Synthetic and natural compounds for nematode control. Further information about the event is provided on the website esnbraga2016.com. A graduate student assistantship is available in Dr. Zane Grabau’s nematology lab in the Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences at the University of Florida. Florida’s $8 billion agricultural industry produces a wide variety of crops, but also faces a wide variety of highly damaging plant-parasitic nematodes making it one of the most important and interesting places to conduct nematology research. Lab research focuses primarily on plant-parasitic nematode management in Florida agronomic (cotton, peanuts, corn, etc.) and horticulture (fruit and vegetable) systems including strategies ranging from biocontrol to crop rotation to pesticide application. Lab research also seeks to improve nematode management through better understanding of plant-parasitic nematode ecology. Other lab research activities include investigating soil ecology through analysis of the entire nematode community. The University of Florida houses one of the largest and most prestigious nematology programs in the world, so graduate students benefit from being trained by a wide range of expert faculty alongside a numerous and talented pool of nematology students. Pay for the assistantship is competitive and includes benefits. Contact Dr. Zane Grabau at zgrabau@ufl.edu for more information. University of Florida/IFAS is An Equal Opportunity Institution. In name of the Organizing Committee: Maria Teresa Almeida and Isabel Abrantes Table of Contents 18 Report from the Brazilian Society of Nematologists From June 12-17, the Brazilian Society of Nematology (SBN: http://nematologia. com.br) gathered a crowd of nearly 250 nematologists, mainly plant nematologists, and including a very high number of graduate students, in Petrolina, Pernambuco, in the heartland of NE Brazil, in a very dynamic agricultural area, the S. Francisco River Valley (VSF), which is responsible for producing nearly 90% of Brazil´s fruits. Nematodes are responsible for over USD$ 10 billion in losses to the main Brazilian crops (mainly soybean). A new online, downlodable pdf Nematology textbook (in Portuguese) by LC Ferraz and DJF Brown, was also presented (http://docentes.esalq.usp.br/sbn/ferbro/FerrazBrown2016.pdf). An interesting new disease of soybean (“soja louca”, or "crazy soybean", caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi) was also reported. The meeting was jointly organized by EMBRAPA/ Semiárido ( https://www.embrapa.br/semiarido ) and 2 universities: UNIVASF (http://www.univasf.edu.br/english/ ) and UFRPE (http://www.ufrpe. br/br ). The general coordinator Dr. José Mauro Castro, his local collaborators, and the President of SBN, prof. Ricardo Souza are to be highly commended for a great nematological meeting. Next year, the SBN meeting will be in Vitória, ES. (Report and photographs by Manuel M. Mota) Participants in the annual meeting of the Society of Brazilian Nematologists, in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil Table of Contents 19 News from Israel Sigal Brown Miyara's lab, The Plant Protection Institute, The ARO Volcani Center; Israel sigalhor@volcani.agri.gov.il The long-term goal of our research is to reduce the damage caused by plant parasitic nematodes in Agriculture. Safety and environmental concerns of toxic nematicides along with lack of natural resistance sources emphasize the need to identify genes and signal mechanisms that determine whether the plant host is susceptible or resistant to nematodes. Our program focuses on applied and basic research, which are progressed side by side to accomplish our goals. At the basic research we are interested in identifying the molecular genetic processes controlling the plant response to parasitic nematodes. For that purpose we are studying host factors, which affect the regulation of nematode development in planta. Specifically we are interested in the role of oxygenated fatty acids derivatives called oxylipins in regulating plant defense response. Ultimately, our studies should lead to creating plants where nematode-inhibiting trait will be engineered. Likewise nematode effectors are being studied for their involvement in regulating disease development. At the applied research our study is mainly focuses on the developing of new strategies and approached to reduce nematode damage at the short term these include the use of chemicals, biological control agents and existing resistance sources. At the field of developing new biological control agents against plant-parasitic nematodes several projects are being studies intensively. We are a multi-disciplinary team with different backgrounds and looking to different approaches to help the Israeli agriculture. Our lab has an on-going collaboration and student exchange with the Faculty of Agriculture (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), which includes a teaching course on Plant Nematode-Interaction. Our collaborations with Weizmann Institute also complement our research, which have been attracting different students around the world for completion or continuation with their own studies. We are always looking for new opportunities and students that intend to proceed their careers in Nematology. If you are one of those, don’t hesitate to reach out to our lab for potential grants or new opportunities (www. http://app.agri.gov.il/sighor/NemLab. htm) (Pictured from left to right) Ynon Mazar, Prof. Yitzhak Spiegel (90 days from retirement), Dr. Payal Sanadhya (India), Orly Oren, Dr. Sigal Brown Miyara, Nathalia Fitoussi, Ofer Slonim, Dr. Patricia Buci, Dr. Bharathiraja Chinnapandi (India); Shani Gabay, and Fatta Gurung (Nepal) Table of Contents 20 Letter to the Editors A misunderstanding of the life-cycle of the root-knot nematodes. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause billions of dollars of losses to numerous crop plants all over the world, making them the most commonly studied group of plant-parasitic nematodes on the planet. Unfortunately a slight misunderstanding of their life-cycle has been introduced into the literature. The infective, vermiform second-stage juvenile rapidly swells into a sedentary, sausage-shape that rapidly undergoes two molts into the third and fourth-stage juveniles. These stages are morphologically similar to that of the swollen second-stage juvenile, except that in the male fourth-stage becomes vermiform once again. The illustrations of several life stages, wrongly show the third-stage juvenile as a slightly swollen vermiform and the fourth-stage juvenile as a sausage-shaped. Both of these forms could be various forms of the second-stage. The only way to determine the stage of the juvenile is to count the number of casted cuticles. If there is one, it is a third-stage and if there are two, it is a fourth-stage. This life cycle in uses the wrong shape of the third-stage juvenile. Both the third and fourth-stage juveniles are swollen, sausage-shaped. Sincerely yours, J. D. Eisenback These drawings of the life-stages of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp., incorrectly show the third-stage juvenile as a slightly swollen vermiform and the fourth-stage as a sausage-shaped form. Both of these forms may be second-stage juveniles. Third and fourth-stage juveniles appear the same as the swollen, sausage-shaped form. The only way to identify these stages is to count the number of cast cuticles. This life cycle has been corrected to show that the second-stage juvenile changes from a vermiform to a sausage shape, and that the third and fourth-stage juveniles are morhologicaly similar. Table of Contents 21 Table of Contents 22 gronomica Table of Contents 23 Open position: Brazil Agronomica Brazil We are looking for a nematologist with general training in molecular and morphological determination of plant-parasitic nematodes. The salary will be according the profile of the candidate. Please, send your CV and other information. Ph.D. Plant Health Valmir Duarte (www.agronomicabr.com.br; valmir@agronomicabr.com.br) These two eggs of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, were photographed at the same magnification. One is nearly two times longer than the other. The cause and the outcome of this phenomenon remains unexplained (photograph by Eisenback). Table of Contents 24 Pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus This high resolution mosaic photomicrograph of an adult male and female pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus free resource from the Nematology Newsletter and the Society of Nematologists. You are welcome to download a full high resolution version of this photograph from the NNL dropbox website posted on the previous page. Please credit J. D. Eisenback if you want to use it on a website or in a publication. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/l1xbntyzse2ji1l/AADiPFM3gLy8rbH0lxkdVaCma?dl=0 Table of Contents 25 Officers N. A. Cobb Foundation Society of Nematologists President: Byron Adams President Elect: Patty Timper Vice President: Nancy Kokalis-Burelle Past-President: Stephen Thomas Secretary: Koon-Hui Wang Treasurer: Senyu Chen Executive Members: Axel Elling, Horacio Lopez-Nicora, Paulo Vieira Editor-In-Chief: Andrea Skantar Website Editor: Roxana Myers Newsletter Editors: Jon Eisenback, Paulo Vieira Chair: Terry Niblack Vice Chair: David Shapiro Secretary: Janete Brito Treasurer: Axel Ellling Members: Byron Adams, Senyu Chen, Nancy Kokalis-Burelle, Koon-Hui Wang We wish to express our gratitude to the following companies who support our society and contribute to its continued growth: Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube by clicking on the appropriate logo. Dear Nematology Newsletter Readers and SON members: Since students are the future of our discipline, please consider supporting the Nathan A. Cobb Nematology Foundation: http://www.crec.ifas.ufl.edu/societies/nacobb/projects.shtml. The foundation’s primary purpose is to raise money to provide travel for students to scientific meetings. Please make a generous contribution to the Foundation with your tax-deductible contribution when you renew your SON membership at http://www.nematologists.org/products/. The SON website is up and running and available for you to renew your membership dues for 2016. If you are not a member please consider joinging our society online and pay your dues as soon as possible. You can now generate donations to the Nathan A. Cobb Nematology Foundation every time you make a purchase through Amazon.com. It won’t cost you anything! Amazon has created the AmazonSmile Foundation to support 501(c)3 organizations, and when you shop at AmazonSmile, they will donate 0.5% of the purchase price to the Nathan A. Cobb Nematology Foundation. Please bookmark the link http://smile.amazon.com/ (select Nathan A. Cobb Nematology Foundation) and support the future of nematology every time you shop at Amazon. Jon Eisenback and Paulo Vieira, Editors — Nematology Newsletter Please submit your contributions to the Nematology Newsletter at the following email address: nematology.newsletter@gmail.com Most of the photographs and the classic reprint contained in this newsletter are available for download as high resolution images at the following URL: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/l1xbntyzse2ji1l/AADiPFM3gLy8rbH0lxkdVaCma?dl=0 Table of Contents 26 Nematode trading Cards Instructions: Print the front and back of these nema trading cards on the same page, carefully cut them out, and share them with your students, family, and friends. Table of Contents 27 Table of Contents 28