Summary of pilot activities focusing on the Danube Delta

Transcription

Transnational Strategy for the Sustainable Territorial Development of the Danube Area with special
regard to Tourism – DATOURWAY
WP 5 Pilot Projects
PiP 4 – DELTAS (DANUBE DELTA)
Transnational Strategy for the Sustainable Territorial Development of the
Danube Area with special regard to Tourism – DATOURWAY
WP 5 PILOT PROJECTS
PiP4: “DELTAS“ (RO-ITA)
Eco-friendly tourism development of river deltas
DANUBE DELTA
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN TOURISM:
Work Team: Aştefănoaiei Roxana, Cristi Frenţ, Doru Tudorache, Alina Cârlogea, Camelia
Surugiu, Alina Niculescu, Mioara Pavel, Adriana Radu
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT URBANINCERC. SUCURSALA URBANPROIECT:
Work Team: Elena Stancu, Amelia Cazacu, Mariana Dorobantu, Georgiana Toth, Cristina Burtea,
Roxana Simionescu, Lidia Florescu, Cristina Ivana, Ancuta Gheoldea.
Coorinator:
MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Teofil Gherca, Liviu Bailesteanu, Ana Muica, Cristina Dediu
AND
TOURISM
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CONTENT
1. ANALYSE OF THE PILOT PROJECT AREA ………………………………………...
1.1. MACRO-REGIONAL RELATIONS OF THE PILOT PROJECT AREA ……...
1.1.1. Overview of the macro-regional affections of the area………………….. ………
1.1.2. National and local tourism development policies………………………... ……...
1.1.3. Relevant projects and activities of the main stakeholders involved in the
development of the Danube Delta biosphere reservation …………………….....
1.2. REVIEW OF SOCIAL ISSUES…………………………………………………….
1.2.1. Demographic status………………………………………………………………
1.2.2. Employment structure ……………………………………………………………
1.2.3. Health issues ……………………………………………………………………..
1.2.4. Educational levels ………………………………………………………………..
1.3. NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS…………………..
1.3.1. Natural resources for tourism development (including system of
branches and islands, oxbows)…………………………………………………..
1.3.2. The state of environment (air pollution, water quality, flood control and excess
water management)………………………………………………………………
1.3.3. Nature conservation (nature protection areas, Natura 2000, ecological network)
1.3.4. Heritage protection ………………………………………………………………
1.4. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA …………………………….
1.4.1. Agriculture……………………………………………………………………….
1.4.2. Forestry ………………………………………………………………………….
1.4.3. Industry ………………………………………………………………………….
1.4.4. Services ………………………………………………………………………….
1.4.5. Tourism sector …………………………………………………………………..
1.4.5.1. Tourist attractions…………………………………………..................
1.4.5.2. Tourist infrastructure …………………………………………………
1.4.5.3. Guests ………………………………………………………………...
1.4.5.4. Handicrafts ……………………………………………………………
1.4.5.5. Gastronomy and wine …………………………………………………
1.5. INFRASTRUCTURE………………………………………………………………..
1.5.1. Transport system in the area…………………………………………………….
1.5.2. Accessibility (public roads, rail network, bicycle, air transport, shipping)…..…
1.5.3. Info-communication sector ……………………………………………………..
1.5.4. Living quality - Public utility supply (household gas, public water system)……
1.5.4.1. Water management .................................................................................
1.5.4.2. Public utility supply - The Power Supply ………………………………
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1.6. SPATIAL STRUCTURE…………………………………………………………….
1.6.1. System of settlements…………………………………………………………
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1.6.2. Tourist centres – rural area …………………………………………………..
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1.7. SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT……………………………………………………. …
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1.8. INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ……………………………………. ….
1.8.1. Business sector ……………………………………………………………….
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1.8.2. Governance …………………………………………………………………..
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1.9. FINANCIAL STRUCTURE ………………………………………………………..
1.9.1. Territorial development sources and institutions……………………………..
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1.9.2. Effectiveness………………………………………………………………….
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1.10. CONFLICT AREAS………………………………………………………………..
1.10.1. General evaluation tourism – environment conflict in the Danube Delta
biosphere reservation ………………………………………………………..
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1.10.2. Conflicts between tourism and human resources (demographic problem, low
economic activity, low entrepreneurial activity)……………………………
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2. SWOT ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………………………
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3. SUGGESTED ACTIONS TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE AREA ………………….
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4. SUGGESTED FURTHER CROSS- BORDER CO-OPERATION …………………….
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5. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ………………………………………………………………….
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6. LOCAL INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
7. MAIN LESSONS OF THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE DIFFERENT PILOT
PROJECT (EXEMPLE FROM DELTA PO EXPERIENCE - PROGRAMMA PER LA
COOPERAZIONE TRANSFRONTALIERA ITALIA-SLOVENIA 2007 – 2013: SLOW
TOURISM)……………………………………………………………………………………. 101
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PILOT PROJECT ANALYSIS
PIP4: “DELTAS“ (RO-ITA) Eco-friendly tourism development of river deltas
Partners in the project pilot:
PP3 - National Institute for Research and Development in Tourism
PP4 – National Institute for Research and Development INCD URBAN INCERC - URBANPROIECT Branch
PP8 – DELTA 2000
Geographical location:
The areas of the Po and Danube deltas are compatible geographically.
Since both are alluvial plain and they have many common physical characteristics: they shelter
over three hundred species of birds, countless species of fish and a variety of about 1150 species of
plants.
The purpose of the pilot project:
The pilot projects were the aim to promote the Deltas Regions as the eco-friendly touristic
destinations both at national and international level, insisting on the historical, architectural and
naturalistic emergencies of the territory and promoting the use of eco-friendly means of transport.
The justification of the option for study area :
Tourism represents a priority of development for the entire areas of the Deltas: There is an
important tourist potential, insufficiently exploited on national and international level.
This projects take into consideration the programmes of the European Union, which aims at the
economic development through tourism development, and strengthening cross-border cooperation
between the countries through projects of cooperation in tourism
General objective of the pilot project:
The promotion of areas involved in the project and development of eco-tourism and river tourism
through the exploitation and organization of the eco-sustainable intermodal tourist offers.
Specific objectives of the pilot project:
Each involved partner worked in order to improve and promote the project areas following the
national policies: The Romanian partners organized the tourist offer focused on a cruise on the
Danube, promoting the tourist resources of the area: floating, motor boats, bird watching etc.
The Italian partner worked in order to make usable the naturalistic, historical and cultural offer by
river or by ground and organized the system of the territorial offer promoting both the present
tourist resources and the use of eco-friendly means for sailing along internal waterways.
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Main specific activities of the pilot project:
The pilot projects have allowed us to organize and test the new river routes in regions involved. In
both countries were organized demonstration days that were a great success.
(ROMANIA: 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th of May 2011; ITALIA: 21th, 22th, 28th, 29th of May 2011)
Specific results of the pilot project:
- Increasing the tourist offer trough the promotion of means attractions ( naturalistic,
historical and cultural heritage.
- Improvement and extension of existing tourist offers: The Romanian partners improved the
existing tourist offers promoting the main points of attraction of the tourist sector and
increasing public awareness regarding the importance of the area and promotion of an ecofriendly tourism; The Italian partner organizes the system of the territorial offer along
Volano Po promoting public-private cooperation nets and the use of eco-friendly means for
sailing along internal waterways.
- Both partners realized the Tourist Guide or Roadbooksin order to promote their area.
- Several exhaustive study were realized from partners: of the settlements of the PP area,
identification of their existing cultural, natural, and built heritage; study-audit regarding the
possibilities of valorize the existent cultural heritage; Analysis of the accessibility within the
Deltas for the inhabitants and tourists (ROMANIA); study of results it was possible to find
eventual points of strengths and criticalities related to each realized itinerary (ITALIA)
Common strategy: Recommendations and observations:
The key elements of showed common strategy are the following:
- Both areas need the infrastructural and logistic interventions in order to improve the
usability and the complete navigability of rivers.
- Is necessary to development of services to navigation to and from different locations, with a
view of integrating with other means of transport (intermodality) bike, transport by road or
rail in order to implement the eco-friendly offers
- Development of the tourist forms respecting the delicate balance of long term sustainability
of rivers and Deltas.
- Promotion of activities and events that draw attention to the rivers and its great potential.
- Involve and stimulate the local associations and operators in order to start relevant
entrepreneurial initiatives and activities, for an organized rivers tourist development
(examples: promotion food and wine heritage and/or sustaining river excursion operators
that intend to invest on their sustainable innovation and the territorial promotion.
The realization of networking pilot projects (ITALIA-ROMANIA) has allowed the joint analysis of
Delta’s Region and the research of a solution to common problems.
The exchange of best practices was key and this is only possible in transnational context. Surely the
results and strategies emerged through transnational pilot project will help to influence the policies
of their countries and ensure the future sustainability of the actions taken
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1. ANALYSE OF THE PILOT PROJECT AREA
In order to support the elaboration and the implementation of the DATOURWAY project strategy,
some pilot projects along the Danube course have been settled. PiP4 – “Deltas” is one of these pilot
projects and its aim is to promote – “Eco friendly tourism – development of river deltas”.
The PP4 Deltas – (ITA-RO) is developed along with partners from Italy and this pilot project aims
to attain comparison of river Romanian Danube Delta and Italian delta Po.
Partners involved in elaboration of this project pilot are: Partner 1: PP3 - National Institute for
Research and Development in Tourism, Partner 2: PP4 – National Institute for Research and
Development INCD URBAN - INCERC - URBANPROIECT Branch and Partner 3: PP8 – DELTA
2000
The purpose of the pilot project is to promote the Danube Delta as an eco-tourist destination both at
national and international level. The reasons that justified the option for this study area are:
Danube Delta represents an opportunity for the development of tourism having in
consideration the beauty of the landscape, the suitability for fishing and hunting and the
transport facilities offered.
Tourism represents a priority of development for the entire area of the Danube Delta. There is
an important tourist potential, insufficiently exploited on national and international level.
This project creates conditions to promote the main points of attraction and the tourist sector
in the area on which is focused the Pilot Project.
General objective of the pilot project is the promotion and development of eco-tourism in the area
of Pilot Project by valorizing the natural, cultural and traditional heritage.
Specific objectives of the pilot project are related with:
Organization of a tourist offer focused on a cruise on the Danube
To promote environmental behaviors in relationship with tourist resources of the area:
floating, motor boats, bird watching etc.
To increase the number of tourists in Danube Delta
Direct and indirect beneficiaries of this pilot project are the local stakeholders in the area of PP,
Tulcea County Council, tour operators with the professional profile of the area closest to the tourist
product which it contains offer PP and the tourists.
The main specific activities of the pilot project are:
Proposals to develop/contact an Office of Tourist Promotion in the area of Pilot Project, in
order to create opportunities for the promotion of tourism sector, emphasizing the natural and
cultural objectives in the area of the pilot project.
Structuring the route of the tourist offer.
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Organizing a seminar (public event) to promote the tourist offer to the target groups
Elaboration of a guide regarding the tourist offer
The pilot project has the specific results as fallows:
A tourist offer focused on a cruise on the Danube and addressed to a large national and
international target groups regarding the Pilot Project area.
Promotional materials to emphasize the tourist offer in the pilot area (tourist guide, leaflets
etc)
Increasing the number of tourists in Danube Delta
Diversification of tourist offer
Geographical location/ specific details:
Danube Delta is situated in the south - eastern part of Romania and is limited to the south - west by
Dobrogea hills, to the north by Ukraine, and to the east by the Black Sea.
Its lenght, together with the lacuna complex Rasim-Sinoe is 5050 km, of which 698 km belong to
Ukraine. Delta has an area of 2540 km2 increasing each year with 40m, due to the 67 million tons
of alluvium deposited by river. It occupies 2,5% of the surface of the country.
Geographical configuration keeps deltas characteristics, Danube Delta region being an alluvial plain
in continuously shaping. Danube Delta shelters over three hundred species of birds, countless
species of fish and a variety of 1 150 species of plants.
Main channels of the Danube are Chilia, Sulina and SF. Gheorghe.
In 1990 the Danube Delta was declared by UNESCO "Nature Reserve of the Biosphere". The
Danube Delta has a triple status: Biosphere Reserve, RAMSAR site and Natural and Cultural World
Heritage site.
The area of Pilot Project includes the following localities: Tulcea, Somova, Ceatalchioi, Pardina,
Rosetti, Maliuc, Crisan, Sulina, Nufaru, Bestepe, Mahmudia, Murighiol, Sfantu Gheorghe.
1.1. MACRO-REGIONAL RELATIONS OF THE PILOT AREA
1.1.1. Overview of the macro-regional affections of the area
The suprateritorial context in which the macro-regional relations are developing in the Danube
Delta area is structured according to the following geographical and political -administrative levels:
Sub-regional level: Tulcea County
Regional level: South East Region.
Supra-regional level:
- historical provinces / development regions: Dobrogea
- national territory (Romania)
Transnational level:
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- cross border areas – the Lower Danube Euroregion, which comprise Tulcea, Braila and Galati
counties (RO), the districts of Cahul and Cantemir (MD) and Odessa region (UA); and the
Inferior Danube Euroregion comprising the counties of Calarasi, Ialomita and Constanta (RO)
and Silistra and Dobrici (BG);
- areas included in European programmes for territorial cooperation 2007-2013:
“South-East Europe” (SEE);
“Black Sea” (Black Sea CBC);
“Romania-Ukraine-Republic of Moldova.
Continental level:
- Danube basin, Black Sea basin;
- Balkan space;
- Ponto-Scythian space;
- Pan-European Corridors network;
- Infrastructure networks and trans-European transport connections.
Transcontinental level:
- Inter-continental dividing lines: Asia Minor, Caucasus / Trans-Caucasus;
- Infrastructure networks and intercontinental transport connections Europe - Asia.
Supra-territorial elements which affects the study area
The study area is affected by two major supra-territorial elements: the system of regional poles and
that of communication and transport corridors, which ensure the connections between the poles.
Integration of the study area within regional and national spaces will be done by a balance between
these two major interrelated components, which are mutually conditional.
Tulcea city, a centre that provides the connection with the regional space, is located at the
intersection of two major communication and transport corridors that exercise an influence over the
study area by its relation with the road and rail networks. The nearest metropolitan areas affecting
the study area are Braila, Galati and Constanta, which are connected with the Danube Delta through
Tulcea city, which provide the physical connection, and through its important administrative
functions that provide informational connection. Cooperation with these regional centers covers the
fields of transport, commercial fishing industry and environmental protection.
Inter-county and regional corridors determined by the relationship between these centers provide
the connections with the delta area by road, rail and waterways.
In terms of continental relations, the DDBR territory is crossed by axis 18 of the TEN-T network,
represented by the Danube Canals, which provide connections with the national and European
space. This axis will require future development, i.e. modernization works and connections with
secondary roads and railways.
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At the level of the South-East region, the development possibilities concentrate on the potential in
the seaside area and Danube Delta, these being unique areas in the country, attracting Romanian
and foreign tourists, involving a significant implication of the workforce and contributing to the
region economy.
Tourism in the protected areas is mentioned in different development plans which must be taken
into consideration. We refer to the sectoral national and regional plans , the national tourism
development plan, plans for the protected areas such as plans for the risk management for fires,
plans for the vegetation management etc.
1.1.2. National and local tourism development policies
Current projects and programmes at the level of the local communities
Inside the programmes being implemented or in the feasibility stage, a series of works and socioeconomic importance actions are developed for the towns lying on the territory of the Danube Delta
biosphere reservation. The projects are done with the participation of the local councils, of the
different economic agents specialised in works concerning the technical-urban infrastructure. Thus,
depending on the financing possibilities, they can continue works started in recent years as the
improvement of the water supply, the introduction or extension of the water supply network,
repairing the local roads by stoning, asphalt rugs, modernisations, hydrographical constructions
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such as defence dams against floods or de-clogging of some channels to facilitate tourist activity in
different towns in the Danube Delta etc. The projects presented are being implemented or are
project proposals or development priorities.
Type of the project/works
Localities
Rehabilitation/modernisation/
street design/transport
Tulcea, Sulina, Mahmudia, Murighiol, Crişan, Nufăru,
Ceatalchioi, Pardina, Chilia Veche, C.A.Rosetti, Maliuc,
Bestepe, Jurilovca, Sarichioi
Waste management
Murighiol, Ceatalchioi, C.A.Rosetti
Water networks , sewerage,
cleaning plants
Tulcea, Sulina, Crişan, Nufăru, Pardina, C.A.Rosetti,
Bestepe, Valea Nucarilor, Sarichioi
Energy networks
Sfântu Gheorghe, Murighiol, Besatepe
Dams, facilities for preventing the
floods risk
Tulcea, Sulina, Mahmudia, Crişan, Nufăru, Ceatalchioi,
Pardina, Chilia Veche, Maliuc, Bestepe, Sarichioi
Protecting the architecture,
cultural, natural patrimony
Sulina, Sfântu Gheorghe, Nufăru, Chilia Veche,
C.A.Rosetti, Maliuc, Bestepe, Sarichioi
Designing beaches
Sulina, Sfântu Gheorghe, Mahmudia, C.A.Rosetti
Designing ports
Chilia Veche, Sarichioi
Designing pontoons/unloading
docks
Murighiol, Ceatalchioi, Pardina, C.A.Rosetti
Promoting tourism, ecotourism,
agro-tourism
Tulcea, Sulina, Sfântu Gheorghe, Mahmudia, Murighiol,
Crişan, Nufăru, Ceatalchioi, C.A.Rosetti, Maliuc,
Sarichioi
Other services
Sfântu Gheorghe, Murighiol, Crişan, Ceatalchioi,
Pardina, Chilia Veche, C.A.Rosetti, Maliuc, Bestepe
Future development
It is known that any human activity affects the environment in different ways. The support capacity
of ecosystems, their regeneration capacity is limited, an equilibrium must exist between
environment and the nature offer on one hand and human activities with impact on the environment,
on the other hand.
Thus, in order to reach the objectives of the economic rise in the spirit of the sustainable
development the citizens’ participation is absolutely necessary, in the case of the inhabitants in the
Danube Delta, all these can be put into practice by some correct decisions and some adequate
policies and also by choosing the best ways and instruments to implement these policies.
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Thus, the implication in as many environment protection projects as possible, or in others referring
to citizen information can represent the basis for identifying problems and creating some measures
and strategies for the rehabilitation, improvement and finding solutions for these. Also, it is
necessary for them to attract the support and participation of the local communities in taking the
decisions concerning the Danube Delta; the collaboration with NGO-s and other institutions which
have as object the protection of the environment.
Regarding tourism, the main development objective proposed by the reservation administrators is
the development and promotion of a tourism such as “exploring the Danube Delta slowly”. Thus
they can create the conditions for an integrated approach, by which the objective to store the natural
patrimony is not in contradiction with the development process, but becomes a part of the
development. Tourism becomes the central element which stimulates both the process of preserving
and protecting the environment and the sustainable socio-economic development of communities.
The specific objectives for the 2009-2013 period are:
Promoting the local traditional tourism;
Preserving and protecting the biodiversity of natural habitats;
Preserving the cultural patrimony. Support for the preservation of the ethno-cultural identity
of the local population. The integration of the traditional elements in the local urban
development;
The economic development of the local communities situated on the Danube Delta biosphere
reservation territory, with the involvement of the local population;
The management of the visitors in the Danube Delta biosphere reservation.
1.1.3. Relevant projects and activities of the main stakeholders involved in the development of
the Danube Delta biosphere reservation
The Tulcea county council
Priorities:
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To rehabilitate the pumping station of the water sewerage system for Sfantu Gheorghe;
designing access road and mooring pier in Sfantu Gheorghe; to rehabilitate the pumping
station and extension of the public system of water sewerage;
Stoning main road in Chilia Veche;
Rehabilitation connection road between C.A.Rosetti and Letea;
Protection from floods for the Tudor Vladimirescu suburbs;
Water sewerage programme in the Danube Delta towns and in the Gorgova, Partizani,
Tudor Vladimirescu, Ceatalchioi – Pătlăgeanca, Caraorman, Periprava towns.
Projects:
The Tulcea County Council has completed seven projects supported by EU in total of 2,762,810
Euros in the last five years, in the Dunarea de Jos (Lower Danube) Euro-region.
• the modernization of the access infrastructure to the Murighiol – Uzlina- Dunavăţ – Lacul
Razim tourist area– financing programme: Regional Operational Programme 2007 2013, Prior axis 2 - implemented
• “Danube Delta ecotourist centre – Programme: PHARE CBC 2004, the Romania-Ukraine
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neighbourhood programme - implemented
“the Danube Delta in Europe” - Programme: PHARE CBC 2005, the Romania-Ukraine
neighbourhood programme - implemented
Crafts – a bridge between north and south, past and future” Programme: PHARE CBC
2004, the Romania-Ukraine neighbourhood programme - implemented
"Integrated system for monitoring environmental factors, biodiversity and natural
resources in the Danube Delta Cross-Border Biosphere Reserve, Romania-Ukraine" –
implemented
"Emergency plan and protection against floods in the Lower Danube Euro-region” implemented
“Artetur – Access to archaeology” - implemented
“Development of the potential for a sustainable tourism in a wetland Nature 2000 site:
Case Study Danube Delta” - implemented
“Cross-border cooperation to demonstrate multiple uses and benefits of wetlands
restoration (in Zagen and Stensovsko Zhibrianskie Plavni polders) of the Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve of the Romania-Ukraine cross-border area” - implemented
“DANUBEPARKS project - Danube River Network of Protected Areas - Development
and Implementation of Trans-national Strategies for the Conservation of the Natural
Heritage at the Danube River” - implemented
The tourist capitalization of the Tulcea monasteries by improving the access and
environment infrastructure – Regional operational programme 2007-2013, Prior axis 2 –
developing;
Restoring and rehabilitating two patrimony buildings in the Tulcea municipality included
in the regional tourist tours POR 2007-2013, Prior axis 5 – sustainable use and tourism,
promotion, Major intervention field 5.1 – developing;
Miniport in Sfantu Gheorghe –Financing programme: H.G. nr.426/2009 for the approval
of the financial support of the local public administration authorities – developing
Designing beach in Sulina, the Tulcea county – H.G. nr. 426/2009 for the approval of the
financial support of the local public administration authorities – developing;
Miniport in the Murighiol town - ethnic project;
Miniport in the Sarichioi town - ethnic project.
The Danube Delta biosphere reservation association
Recognizing the very important role of the Danube Delta and the necessity of a clear and integrated
approach of the public awareness (especially of the local communities), of the communication
problems and those concerning the attracting of population in taking the decisions, the Danube
Delta biosphere reservation association has developed along years activities of informing and
educating. Thus we present some of the collaboration and partnership actions of the association
which had the informing of the local national public as aim:
• Organising the competition „ A chance for the Blue Danube” – in collaboration with the
”George Georgescu” art high-school – Tulcea, exposition – contest with ecologic
thematic posters
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• The development of the programme - „Together for a clean Delta!”
• Organising, in partnership with the Muntii Macinului National Park administration, of the
county stage of the children contest „Together for nature”, at the initiative of the
ECOSOPHIA organisation, in collaboration with the national television company, the
ROMSILVA forests national department;
• Participation in fairs and expositions;
• Updating the database with tourist information (accommodation capacities, recreational
possibilities, transport, etc) offered by the tourism operators;
• Projects proposals for financing from the European Funds or which are to be
implemented: informing centres (Murighiol, Letea, Istria, Caraorman, Chilia Veche,
Sfântu Gheorghe), Uzlina – International centre of ecologic instruction - extension
accommodation spaces and conference room, rehabilitation and extension informing
centres, building boats shelters, identifying sources of alternative energy and ensuring the
energy, designing tourist tracks, hydro-technical works, ecological reconstructions,
afforestation for bank consolidation, inventories, evaluations, statistics, the study of the
pollution effects, the conservation of habitats, promotion activities, carrying out an
information system for the public, awareness campaigns, creating a digital cartography
support.
The Danube Delta national Research Development Institute
• Pilot project to promote agro-tourism
• Hygiene actions for the Danube banks and Delta channels;
• Project youth changes between France and Romania financed by Eurotin – PHARE
programme;
• Collaborations with the Danube Delta biosphere reservation association by the
elaboration of the communication strategy;
• Collaboration to the volume „Guide of ecologic education”
• Ecologic education in schools
• „Information centre” project financed by AOL Peace Pak;
• Participation in the Festival of Danube countries in Ulm/Germany;
• „Internet - a chance for the isolated communities”, project financed by World Bank;
• „Cohesion in action for sustainable development in the Danube Delta”, project financed
by GRASP;
• Participation in the creation of the promotion strategy for tourism in the Tulcea county
with GRASP assistance;
1.2. REVIEW OF SOCIAL ISSUES
1.2.1. Demographic status
On July 1, 2009, the total population of the Danube Delta was 134,314,000 inhabitants. 70% of the
population lives in urban areas in the city of Tulcea (90,856 inhabitants) and Sulina town (4,391
inhabitants). According to the number of inhabitants, the territorial-administrative units included in
the study area can be grouped into five categories:
- over 90,000 inhabitants: Tulcea;
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between 4,000 and 8,000 inhabitants: the communes of Sarichioi, Jurilovca and Somova, and
Sulina town;
between 2,500 and 3,999 inhabitants: the communes of Valea Nucarilor, Murighiol,
Mahmudia Nufarul;
between 1,000 and 2,499 inhabitants: the communes of Chilia Veche, Crisan and Bestepe;
less than 1,000 inhabitants: the communes of Maliuc, C.A. Rosetti, Sfantu Gheorghe,
Ceatalchioi, Pardina.
Population (2009)
NUTS 5 level
TULCEA CITY
2009
90,856
SULINATOWN
4,391
BESTEPE
1,968
C.A. ROSETTI
947
CEATALCHIOI
781
CHILIA VECHE
2,440
CRISAN
1,302
JURILOVCA
4,793
MAHMUDIA
2,804
MALIUC
996
MURIGHIOL
3,548
NUFARUL
2,565
PARDINA
615
SARICHIOI
7,073
SFANTU GHEORGHE
856
SOMOVA
4,648
VALEA NUCARILOR
3,731
Total
134,314
Source: National Institute of Statistics – Romania
During 1990-2009 the population of the study area decreased by about 7% (10,326 inhabitants). The
evolution of the population at the level of territorial administrative unit during that period was
heterogeneous, with either significant decreases or slight increases. Thus, a significant decrease of
the population (30%) occurred in the communes of Mahmudia, CA Rosetti, Sf. Gheorghe and
Sulina town. At the opposite side lie the communes of Nufărul (9.1%), Maliuc (10.4%) and
Ceatalchioi (35.4%), where slight increases in population were recorded during 1990-2009. In the
town of Tulcea and the communes of Murighiol, Somova and Pardina the population remained
relatively constant in 2009 compared to 1990.
Population growth rate (2009/1990)
NUTS 5 level
TULCEA CITY
1990
2009
2009/1990 (%)
95,235
90,856
95.4
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SULINA TOWN
5,706
4,391
77.0
BESTEPE
-
1,968
-
C.A. ROSETTI
1,421
947
66.6
CEATALCHIOI
577
781
135.4
CHILIA VECHE
2,988
2,440
81.7
CRISAN
1,460
1,302
89.2
JURILOVCA
5,627
4,793
85.2
MAHMUDIA
5,286
2,804
53.0
902
996
110.4
MURIGHIOL
3,640
3,548
97.5
NUFARUL
2,352
2,565
109.1
PARDINA
621
615
99.0
SARICHIOI
8,521
7,073
83.0
SFANTU GHEORGHE
1,179
856
72.6
SOMOVA
4,658
4,648
99.8
VALEA NUCARILOR
4,467
3,731
83.5
144,640
134,314
92.9
MALIUC
Total
An analysis of the population structure by age shows an important percentage of working age
population (15-60 years) and a relatively low percentage of young population (0-14 years), a
consequence of the low birth rate. The vitality index of the population at the level of both the whole
area and the territorial-administrative unit is lower than the desired value (1.5), i.e. the one that
ensures generation replacement. The variations in the population distribution by age at the level of
the territorial-administrative unit indicate severely ageing populations in the communes of
Ceatalchioi, Sfantu Gheorghe, Valea Nuricarilor, Bestepe, Crisan, Nufarul and Sarichioi. The
working age population is well represented in two human settlements in the area - the city of Tulcea
and Sulina town, as well as in the communes of Pardina and Sfantu Gheorghe.
Population structure by age 0-14 / 15-65/ 65+, 2006 at NUTS 3 level
Population
Vitality
index
% of population
NUTS 5
TULCEA CITY
0-14
15-60
60+
0-14
15-60
60+
12,134
66,928
11,794
13.4
73,7
13,0
1,0
SULINA TOWN
757
10,8
72.0
17.2
0,6
474
3,160
BESTEPE
258
1,279
431
13.1
65.0
21.9
0.6
C.A. ROSETTI
166
534
247
17.5
56.4
26.1
0.7
CEATALCHIOI
100
483
198
12.8
61.8
25.4
0.5
CHILIA VECHE
403
1,544
493
16.5
63.3
20.2
0.8
CRISAN
177
830
295
13.6
63.7
22.7
0.6
JURILOVCA
699
3,106
988
14.6
64.8
20.6
0.7
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MAHMUDIA
418
1,753
633
14.9
62.5
22.6
0.7
MALIUC
131
669
196
13.2
67.2
19.7
0.7
MURIGHIOL
561
2,202
785
15.8
62.1
22.1
0.7
NUFARUL
359
1,580
626
14.0
61.6
24.4
0.6
PARDINA
90
450
75
14.6
73.2
12.2
1.2
SARICHIOI
943
4,613
1,517
13.3
65.2
21.4
0.6
SFANTU GHEORGHE
96
579
181
11.2
67.6
21.1
0.5
SOMOVA
743
2,824
1,081
16.0
60.8
23.3
0.7
VALEA NUCARILOR
489
2,167
1,075
13.1
58.1
28.8
0.5
Total
18,241
94,701
21,372
13.6
70.5
15.9
0.9
In 2009, the study area has been subject to negative migration; compared to 1990, the net migration
rate for the area decreased by 5 %. In 2009, the net migration rate varied by territorialadministrative unit between 29 ‰ and -5.6 ‰. The human settlements with the highest net
migration rates in 2009 – the number of arrivals in the city exceeded the departures – are
Ceatalchioi (9 ‰), Somova (20.7 ‰) and Nufarul (29.2 ‰). The tendency to migrate out of town
(changing the place of living) is obvious in the city of Tulcea (5.6 ‰) and the communes of Pardina
(-9.8 ‰), Maliuc (-7 ‰), Jurilovca (-5.6 ‰) and Sarichioi (-5.5 ‰).
Permanent migration (net migration rate)
NUTS 5 level
Net migration rate in 1990
Net migration rate in 2009
TULCEA CITY
2.0
-5.6
SULINA TOWN
-11.6
-3.6
BESTEPE
3.0
C.A. ROSETTI
-30.3
0.0
CEATALCHIOI
-24.3
9.0
CHILIA VECHE
-63.6
-2.9
CRISAN
-26.0
8.4
JURILOVCA
-40.0
-5.6
MAHMUDIA
-24.2
5.3
MALIUC
-12.2
-7.0
MURIGHIOL
-22.5
2.5
NUFARUL
-24.7
29.2
PARDINA
-16.1
-9.8
SARICHIOI
-27.7
-5.5
SFANTU GHEORGHE
-10.2
-4.7
SOMOVA
-20.8
20.7
VALEA NUCARILOR
-24.0
7.2
Total
-7.8
-2.8
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1.2.2. Employment structure
In 2009, study area has 23306 employees. This value represents 32, 6 share in total population of
Tulcea County and it describes an important part of the county employed population, considering
the fact that it represents only 17 municipalities and the entire county has 51 municipalities. The
graphic below shows for each municipality in the study area how much is the share of this indicator
compared with total population.
There are several particularities to be mentioned considering the share of employees in total
population, such as:
-
The county average is 17,6% and it is considered to be a little value if take into account
the dependency ratio and the fact that those employees belong to private sector which is
the work force that “produced” real added value in the economy;
-
Tulcea City has the highest share of employees (33%) in total population compare with
all municipalities in the study area;
-
Rural municipalities have rather small shares of employees in total population, only
Mahmudia municipality exceeds county average;
-
Rural municipalities in Danube Delta area are very small compare with county average.
Graphic – Share of employees in total population - 2009
Source – National Institute of Statistics
Territorial distribution shows that most of employed labor force is located in Tulcea City - 89,3%,
the capital town of the county certifies in that perspective its role of main urban pole within the
study area. In the chart it is visible a certain concentration of the employed population toward urban
areas and the close neighbor, for so other 1,94% of the area employees are located in Sarichioi and
1,90% in Mahmudia.
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Territorial distribution of employment
Referring with activities structures, in Danube Delta area a big part of the employed population is
occupied in industry branch – 52,7%. Others important activities for Danube Delta area are
commerce whom attracts 27,4% of employed work force, other services - 7%, agriculture -4,4% and
construction – 3,9%. Tourism activities encompass few work forces, only 3,2% of employed
population.
In Tulcea Area the activities structure reveals high rates of employment in the industry branch
(46,5%) mostly represented by ship construction and food industry. Tertiary sector is also well
represented in employment rates especially regarding commerce (19,4%) and other services, which
are mainly transport services (13,8%), but less in tourism (4,5%). Construction workers add up to
9,6% share in total employees while agriculture completes with 2,2 percents.
Territorial distribution of employees considering main branch occupation identifies the following
situation:
- Predominant industrial occupations: Tulcea city (50,7%), Mahmudia (53,6%), Somova
(31,3%), Nufaru (30,6%),
- Predominant commercial occupations: Bestepe (57,1%), C.A. Rosetti (61, 5%), Chilia
Veche (69,2%), Sulina town (37,4%), Pardina (100%), Sfantul Gheorghe (43,4%), Valea
Nucarilor (30,8%);
- Predominant agricultural occupations: Ceatalchioi (77,3%);
- Predominant forestry occupations: Jurilovca (45,5%);
- Predominant fishery occupations: Crisan (53,6%);
- Predominant touristic occupations: Maliuc (80,7%), Murighiol (40,6%)
There are only five municipalities that have no records of tourism employment in the Tulcea Area –
Bestepe, C.A. Rosetti, Ceatalchioi and Pardina.
However, the employment structure highlights mostly small shares of the employee population in
total population for municipalities, especially in the rural areas.
Tertiary sector employment represents 37,6% of Tulcea Area employed population. This result
shows a rather small occupation in tertiary sector in comparison with nowadays tendency of modern
economies. Considering the fact that tertiary employment is dominated by commerce it is
obviously poor service diversity.
1.2.3. Health issues
Following the Health Evaluation Program initiated by the Ministry of Health we have found a
number of issues related to the health of the population in the study zone. The data regarding health
issues in the study zone is related only to the county level.
Tulcea county which includes the Danube Delta study area is among the counties with the following
characteristics from the point of view of public health:
lowest attendance at the doctor (41-34%);
high risk of cardiovascular disease;
the risk of cancer disease.
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Health Evaluation Program has helped to increase public sensitivity to the culture of care and
increasing concern for health.
1.2.4. Educational levels
The percentage of people in the study area with higher education is 5.5%; a similar percentage
correspond to people without education. However, the average for that area is strongly influenced
by the population of Tulcea city, where a large number of people with higher education is
concentrated. Regarding the rural areas, of the 17 settlements included in the study area, in 13 the
percentage of the population with higher education is 2%, and in the remaining 4 settlements the
percentage is below 1% (Nufarul, Somova, Sarichioi, Valea Nucarilor). The population having
completed secondary education (college, vocational schools, colleges and apprentice schools) is
well represented in the area: about 70% of the population of 10 years and older have graduated such
studies. This feature is maintained at the level of administrative-territorial unit where the share of
population with secondary education varies between 40% and 72%. A significant percentage of
population without education (over 10%) lives in Jurilovca, CA Rosetti, Chilia Veche and Somova.
Population structure by educational level, 2002, NUTS 5
NUTS 5 level
Higher
education
Secondary
education
Without
education
TULCEA CITY
7.5
69.6
3.4
SULINA TOWN
3.1
72.0
4.2
-
-
-
BESTEPE
C.A. ROSETTI
1.9
56.1
12.0
CEATALCHIOI
1.9
42.8
6.7
CHILIA VECHE
1.4
61.2
15.4
CRISAN
1.8
42.8
7.1
JURILOVCA
1.3
63.3
11.7
MAHMUDIA
1.2
60.8
9.6
MALIUC
1.2
66.1
6.9
MURIGHIOL
1.2
57.1
10.5
NUFARUL
0.6
61.4
7.3
PARDINA
1.4
68.3
7.6
SARICHIOI
0.8
61.4
10.6
SFANTU GHEORGHE
2.6
67.9
9.2
SOMOVA
0.6
61.1
15.7
VALEA NUCARILOR
0.9
58.5
9.4
Total
5.5
66.9
5.7
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1.3. NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS
1.3.1. Natural resources for tourism development
The natural values represent very valuable attractions that create the Danube Delta tourist product.
The RBDD territory is a straight region (alluvial plane in formation) with a small slope from the
west to the east (0,006%) of which rise the Chiliei plain, a witness for erosion from the Bugeacului
Plain (south of Basarabia), the Stipoc continental spit and the Letea and Caraorman marine spits.
With 20,5% of its territory under the sea level and a medium altitude of +0,52m, the Danube Delta
forms the lowest country relief.
The main morpho-hydrographic categories are represented by:
o marine spits (about 8% of the delta surface), represented by Letea, Caraorman, Sărăturile,
Crasnicol and others, can be found in the eastern part of the delta and are almost
perpendicular on the Danube channels
o river spits (about 6%) accompany the Danube channels, the main distributaries and have a
larger unfolding at the peak of the delta with aspect of alluvial planes of 2-5 m high, that
become thinner towards the sea;
o continental plains (about 6%) are erosion witnesses from Bugeacului Plain consisting of
loess deposits, being represented by Câmpul Chiliei and the central part of the Stipoc spit;
o swampy fields, covered with water, depending on the Danube level and the moor vegetation,
occupy, in natural conditions, non-designed about 67,2% of the delta surface;
o the lakes occupy the slopes situated under 0m in the western part (river delta) and under 0,5
m in the eastern part (seaside delta), where they combine in lacustrian complexes; these
occupied 31,260 ha (9,3%) in 1964 and after the draining, after some agriculture and forest
facilities creation, in 1990 summed up only 25,800 ha (8%). Most representative lakes are:
Razim - Sinoe Lacustrian Complex, Roşu Lake, Puiu Lake, Gorgova Lake, Lumina Lake
etc.
o the distributaries and main channels cover a surface of 9,959 ha (2,5%);
o the Danube and its channels – Chilia, Sulina and Sf. Gheorghe. The Chilia channel, with
many ramifications and isles, is the youngest, longest (120km) and transports the biggest
quantity of water and alluvia (58%); the Sulina channel was preferred by the Danube
European Commission (1856) for marine navigation and was shorted (from 92 km to 63,7
km) by correcting some meanders and deepened during 1862-1902, which led to a rise in
the flow from 7-8% to 18-20%; the Sf. Gheorghe channel (69,7 km), the southern and oldest
has gone through changes in the last years by the modification of meanders, which led to a
rise of the flow till 23-24%; before flowing into the sea, this channel forms its own delta,
similar to the delta formed by the Chilia channel (delta formed on the territory of Ukraine).
An important resource is represented by the delta landscape which has specific characteristics and is
very attractive. The landscape resource is capitalized by tourism activities, both by specialized
economic agents and by the local population. We can remark several types of delta landscapes
specific to the temperate-continental area:
• the river delta landscape composed by lakes, marshes, channels, sahels accompanied by
vegetation of willow, poplar, alder, reed plot;
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•
•
•
•
the landscape of the main channels with areas of land in alternance with the ones that are
flooded, with meanders, riverside coppices, ‘unfoldings’, moors;
the landscape of the lakes, lagoons, which are bordered by low banks or clifted shores with
specific vegetation (reed, mace, sedge);
the marine delta landscape with lower or higher areas, through spits, that includes steppe
forests, meadow coppices, lakes, secondary channels, marshes etc;
the anthropic landscape of the component villages, characterized by specific architecture
elements, internal ornaments, folk technique and traditional occupations.
The climate regime, with reduced precipitations and long sunshine period favor the practice of
tourism from spring till autumn.
The flora diversity of the delta consists in the fact that almost 1/3 of the plant species that live in
Romania can be found in the reservation. Here can be found also the most species of medicine
plants, the largest area of compact reed in the world, hosting 30 types of ecosystems and two unique
forests in Europe, formed by secular oaks and Mediterranean lianas (the Letea and Caraorman
forests).
The lacustrian habitats and those characteristic of the spits represent the support of an extremely
rich and diverse fauna, 3,590 fauna species (3.061 invertebrates and 529 vertebrates) being
identified. The greatest fauna richness is represented by birds (331 bird species, representing about
81% of the Romania bird-fauna) that stop on this territory during migration or have chosen the delta
as a place for food, nesting and breeding chicken. Here we can meet the largest European
population of pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus), curly pelican (Pelecanus crispus), 60% of the world
population of small cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus) and 50% of the world population of red
neck goose (Branta ruficollis) (during winter).
The mammals are represented by 42 species, including species of European conservation
importance such as the otter (Lutra lutra) and the European mink (Lutreola lutreola). The muskrat
(Ondatra zibethicus) and the porcupine (Sus scrofa) have hunting importance. The predators are
represented by ermine (Mustela erminea), ‘enot’ dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), fox (Vulpes
vulpes) and the wild cat (Felis silvestris).
The Delta also represents a paradise of fishermen, hosting 135 fish species. Most of these are sweet
water species but can be also found marine species and species which tolerate the salt water which
live in the Black Sea and enter the Delta and Danube during the mating season. About a third of the
species were and are capitalized economically by the intensive commercial fishing.1
1.3.2. The state of environment
Romania joined to the Convention for cooperation to the protection and sustainable use of the
Danube River (Sofia, 1994). There is a legislative frame in fields such as environmental protection,
the conservation of protected areas or water protection, at both national and regional level. At the
regional level it was realised the Regional Environmental Action Plan (PRAM) by the Regional
Environmental Protection Agency, and at local (county) level was realised the Local Environmental
Action Plans for Tulcea and Constanţa Counties (PLAMs).
1
www.ddbra.ro
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The air quality
On the RBDD territory, the most important disturbing source which contributes to the warehouse
effect is the carbon dioxide produced by the circulation of the river ships and the transit sea ships.
Inside the reservation there are no industrial units with pollution potential, the air being little
damaged by industrial pollutants in the bordering area (the Tulcea municipality – Romania and
Izmail – Ukraine).
The water quality
Water represents the main element and the most important one in the RBDD area. Human activities
create important pressure on the water resources both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Inside the reservation there are no fixed sources with a determinant role in the water pollution. The
main water pollution sources in the reservation are represented by economic agents situated in the
bordering area of RBDD and the river transport done both by the small boats and by sea and river
ships in transit.
The ships pollution happens because not all ships have efficient separators for petrol residues, the
ones existing are not used adequately and the Danube ports inside the reservation do not have
specific machinery for gathering and recycling these residues. In order to solve this situation,
ARBDD has made the societies owning river transport means apply the recommendations
POLDANUBE – 1986 and the MARPOL Convention 73-78 (both refer to the collecting, storing on
the ships the hydrocarbon residues as well as registering its transferring to the collecting units).
Another problem is the ‘eutrophisation’ of the delta lakes, because of the big quantities of nutrients
brought by the river, leading to important changes of the aquatic flora and fauna. Using the water
from the river directly for domestic use while, the quality of the water has gone worse, represents a
great risk for the Danube Delta population. The great danger is the lack of units to prepare drinkable
water in many settlements which means that many inhabitants, about 25%, do not have optimal
conditions for drinkable water supply. Still, having in view that in the area of RBDD there are no
major sources to pollute the water, we consider that we cannot talk about a negative impact on the
population’s health.
Only four towns inside the reservation (Sulina, Sf. Gheorghe, Maliuc and Chilia) have a centralized
sewerage system to collect residual waters but still, these do not include completely these towns and
the purification stations were created for the mechanic pre-purification of domestic waters or these
are taken to the Danube by pumping.
The soil quality
Inside the RBDD there have been no situations of soil damaging after industrial or agriculture
activities.
The damming in the Danube meadow and delta and the interruption from the river dynamics have
led to drying and salting the soils. In this situation, during the recent years, they have tried to
‘repair’ the natural hydrologic, bio-geo-chemical, ecologic functions, typical to the wet areas with
several fishy and agricultural facilities, as well as works for preventing the clogging of distributaries
and lakes.
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In view of preventing the soil erosion and land sliding, investments for afforestations have been
made, for bank consolidation and to recreate the natural forest fund.
The waste management
The current waste collection, transport and storage practices are inadequate, generating a negative
impact on the environment factors. The impact generated by the waste produced and stored badly
can be seen in the damaging of the environment, soil and sub-soil factors.
The waste deposits have been placed close to human settlements and surface water resources,
polluting by the ugly aspect of the area, unpleasant smells as well as by propagating the light waste
by wind, on a great surface around these.
The analysis of the town salubrity in urban and rural environment in RBDD has showed the
following deficient aspects:
o concerning the storing pits, the waste are stored directly on the soil;
o the waste pits have no fences and no actions to fight insects and rodents are done;
o the transport means and the recipients of pre-collecting waste at platforms level are not
washed and disinfected;
o in towns there are no concrete platforms, connected to the water and sewerage network, the
dustbins being placed in improvised area;
o the waste selective collection is done by few people
In order to fight these problems, currently they are finalizing a project concerning the creation of
the integrated system for administrating the waste in the Danube Delta localities. The project,
summing 4 million euro, includes works for building a centre for collecting, selecting and transfer
of waste in Sulina, Sfântu Gheorghe, Chilia Veche and Crişan, building some local centers for
collecting recyclable waste in all Delta localities, building some for collecting mixed waste,
equipping the collecting centers with recipients, the main localities with street bins and with
collecting and transport means.
The flooding risk
The flooding risk is very high. Among the main causes of floods are also: abundant precipitations
during summer, snow melting during spring, an inadequate use of lands, irrational deforestation of
some large surfaces but also hydro-technical works done in order to deepen and enlarge the river
stream.
After the 2010 floods, households from Tudor Vladimirescu, Patlageanca, Ilganii de Sus, Vulturu,
the Şireasa agricultural precincts, the defense dam from the eastern Ceatalchioi, the protection dams
of Maliuc, Gorgova and Mila 23 were affected2.
The protection dams against floods in the delta are affected greatly by the 2006 and 2010 floods or
because they are very old and some localities like Ilganii de Sus, Vulturu, Balteni de Jos are very
vulnerable to this phenomenon, as they are not protected.
2
ARBDD, Activity Report of Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation Administration 2010, pag. 17
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1.3.3. Nature conserving
The Danube Delta represents the largest protected area in Romania (about 580,000 ha), owning a
triple international status at present: Biosphere Reservation, Ramsar site (wet area of international
importance) and site of the Natural and Cultural world patrimony.
Inside RBDD 20 natural areas with total protection status, whose surface is about 51,000 ha, have
been segmented. Here scientific research concerning biology, maintaining and storing environment
quality as well as monitoring the main parameters which define their evolution status can take
place. Here are included mainly physical and biological forms or groups, habitats of threatened
plants and animals or natural sites with great values from the scientific, conservation and beauty
point of view.
Areas with total protection
No.
Name
1.
Roşca - Buhaiova
2.
Pădurea Letea
3.
Răducu
4.
Nebunu
5.
Vătafu-Lunguleţ
6.
Pădurea Caraorman
7.
Saraturile Murighiol
8.
Arinişul Erenciuc
9.
Insula Popina
10.
Sacalin-Zatoane
11.
Periteaşca-Leahova
12.
Capul Doloşman
13.
Grindul Lupilor
14.
Istria-Sinoe
15.
Grindul Chituc
16
Rotundu
17
Potcoava
18
Belciug
19
Insula Ceaplace
20.
Prundul cu Păsări
Source: www.ddbra.ro
Surface (ha.)
9,625
2,825
2,500
115
1,625
2,250
87
50
98
21,410
4,125
125
2,075
400
2,300
228
625
110
117
187
RBDD has been included in the Nature 2000 protected areas network. The Special Protected Areas
(SPAs) include: ROSPA0031 Danube Delta and the Razim-Sinoie complex (512,380.6ha) and
ROSPA0076 the Black Sea area (147,242.9ha) and the Sites of Community Importance (SCIs)
include ROSCI0065 Danube Delta (450,542ha) and ROSCI0066 the Danube Delta marine area
(121,697ha).
Through the Bern Convention a great number of birds are protected (313 of the total 331 species),
22 mammals species of which 7 are strictly protected and about 24 fish species of which 22 are
strictly protected.
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RBDD has autonomous administration since 1990, along with the declaration of the reservation and
along time many projects have been developed in view of supporting and reaching the environment
and sustainable development objectives.
1.3.4. Heritage protection
Tulcea
Archaeological sites:
- The archaeological site "Aegyssus" (type A3) in the NE of the city, Gloria Street,
Monument Park; the perimeter consisting of Nufărului St., Orizontului, Brumariei,
consists of: Medieval settlement, Aegyssus citadel – roman age, Aegyssus civil
settlement, necropolis of city Aegyssus – roman Age, Roman Fortress, a Citadel from
Latène;
- Underwater archaeological site (type A) - is on the Black Sea continental platform, has
archaeological remains from the following periods: the Greek era, Roman era,
Hellenistic Age, the Roman-Byzantine era, the medieval age, the modern age;
- Archaeological site in Tulcea, "La via Judecătorului" (type B4) - 4 km E of Tulcea,
includes: a Roman fortification - Roman age, a civil settlement - Roman Age;
- Archaeological site " Dealul Taberei" (type B) includes a settlement from the Roman era
and a medieval settlement.
Architectural monuments:
- Azizi Mosque, 1861 -1876 (type A);
- Urban ensemble Progresului St., (type B)
- Urban Site Progresului St., (type B)
- 19 nineteenth century houses, 14 Nov st., Victoriei st., Gloriei st.(B);
- Former Turkish gendarmerie, XIX cen., 14 November street, (B)
- Spiru Haret High School, 1883, (B)
- Former Austrian Consulate, end of XIX cen., (B)
- Former head of National Bank, begining of XX cen., (B)
- Museum of Ethnography and Folklore, 1920 - 1940, (B)
- Passing of Former Palace of Tulcea, Today Art Museum, 1870, (B)
- Orthodox Cathedral "St. Nicholas", 1865, (B)
- Annunciation Greek Church (1848 - 1854), (B)
- Clock Bulgarian Church of St. George, 1857, 1927, (B)
- Former Turkish School, Mid. XIX cen., (B)
- Former City Hall, Mid. XIX cen., (B)
- Former headquarters of the State Fisheries, 1900, (B)
- Headquarters Garrison Tulcea, 1900, (B)
- Avramide House today Museum of Natural Sciences, XIX cen., (B)
- Chamber of Commerce, XIX cen., (B)
Public Monuments:
- Independence Monument, Monument Park Colnicul Hora, (type A)
3
4
A – objective of national interest
B – objective of local interest
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Sulina
- The Old Lighthouse, 1887, on the left bank of the Danube (type A)
- Jean Bart House, sec. XIX, (type A)
- Palace of the European Commission for Lower Danube, 1860, (type A)
- The lighthouse of the European Commission for Lower Danube, 1870, (type A)
- Hospital of the European Commission for the Lower Danube, 1864, (type A)
- Urban site (Kogalniceanu St.), (B)
- Urban site (quai area), XIX cen., (B)
- 13 homes XIX cen., (B)
- House with shop, end of XIX cen., (B)
- St. Nicholas Orthodox Cathedral, 1910 - 1912, (B)
- St. Nicholas Catholic Church, 1863, (B)
- St. Nicholas Greek Church, 1867, (B)
- School, end of XIX cen., (B)
Memorial and funeral:
- Graveyard of the European Commission for Danube, sec. XIX (type A);
- Orthodox Cemetery, XIX century (type A);
- Muslim Cemetery, XIX century (type A);
- Catholic Cemetery, XIX century (type A);
- Hebrew Cemetery, XIX century (type A);
Beştepe
- The archaeological site of Beştepe, point "Sava's Stone" (Type A) - 2 km NE of Beştepe
includes a Roman settlement and a fortification of Hallstatt;
- Fortified settlement from the "Stone of Bujor" 2 km NE of Beştepe - IV - III cen. BC
Latène (type A);
- Getic fortification "La Cetățuie" sec. IV - III BC Latène (type A);
- Roman - Byzantine era settlement, IV - VI AD cen. – In the center of the village Beştepe
(type B);
- Roman - Byzantine era necropolis, IV - VI AD cen. - The center of the village Beştepe
(type B);
- The archaeological site of Beştepe (type B) - Curpenişului Valley under the first hill
Beştepe includes a necropolis of the Roman - Byzantine era and a Roman settlement of
II - IV AD cen.;
- The archaeological site of Beştepe at the limit area of the village, includes a Roman
settlement and a settlement of Hallstatt (type B);
- The archaeological site of Beştepe located 1.5 km N of village includes a Roman
settlement I-III AD cen. and a settlement of the IV - III BC century. Latene (type B).
C.A. Rosetti
- Medieval settlement, Periprava village (type B).
Chilia Veche
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-
Medieval settlement, south of the village (B);
Tumulus, (type B).
Crisan
- Tumulus necropolis, Greek - getic era - Caraorman village on the Ivancea hill (type B);
- Early Medieval settlement - Caraorman village west of the village - (B).
Jurilovca
- The archaeological site of Jurilovca "Capul Dolojman" (type A) is 8 km E of village, 4
km SE is Bisericuta Island; Cape Dolojman site includes: Argamum Citadel Greco Roman era (VII century BC - VII AD), civil settlement and necropolis of the city from
the same period, medieval settlement on the Bisericuta island, Roman fortress on the
Bisericua island, the Roman settlement on the Bisericuta island, Greek settlement on the
Bisericuta island;
- Tumulus group (6) - (B) in the village 6 Martie - between shore and the road Sălcioara –
Enisala, are from La Tene - sec. IV - III BC
- The archaeological site Jurilovca - Jurilovca village, comprising: a settlement of the
century. XVII - XVIII, Hallstatt settlement and a settlement from the Roman period, (B);
- Tumulus group - Jurilovca village, (B);
- The archaeological site Sălcioara located in the center of the village Sălcioara includes: a
settlement from early medieval era, a rural settlement Roman-Byzantine era, a settlement
from the Roman era and a settlement from early La Tene, (B);
- Greek - native settlement La Tene, about 1.25 km NE of village Sălcioara, (B);
- Early Medieval era settlement - in the village Sălcioara, on the shore of the namesake
lake, (B);
- Turris Roman - Byzantine era (IV - VI d.Hr cen.), Iancinna Cape, 5 km of Sălcioara, (B);
- The archaeological site of Sălcioara, along the coast, 450 meters from the village
Sălcioara includes: a settlement from early medieval period, a settlement of Roman
times, a settlement of La Tene and a Hallstatt settlement, (B)
- Roman settlement (first century - IV d.Hr) Vişina village, (B)
- Archaeological site Vişina (type B), Visina village, Lake Golovita, includes a settlement
from early medieval times, a settlement from Roman era, a settlement from La Tene, a
settlement from the early La Tene, a settlement from the Hallstatt and one of Eneolithic.
Mahmudia
- The archaeological site "Salsovia Citadel" , 2 km northwest of Mahmudia includes a
Roman- Byzantine citadel IV - VI cen. and a civil settlement of the same period (type
A);
- Archaeological site Mahmudia (type B) is in center of the village and includes a Hallstatt
settlement and a necropolis from the same period;
- Flat cremation cemetery Ceiracul, 3km of Mahmudia - VI - V BC cen. later Hallstatt
(B);
- Roman rural settlement times (fourth century AD) - is about. 2 km E of village
Mahmudia, (B);
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-
-
Archaeological site Mahmudia (type B) which is 2.5 km east of Mahmudia village on a
plateau bounded on N by Filip Roșu channel and includes a settlement from the Roman
period and a settlement of Hallstatt;
Getic settlement of La Tene (IV - III BC), 3 km E of village Mahmudia, (B);
Getic settlement 4 km E of village Mahmudia, channel Filip Rosu - Latene (sec IV - III
BC), (B);
Early Medieval Settlement (XI century), 4 km E of village Mahmudia, (B);
Tumulus (B) on the road Mahmudia - Murighiol 3.5 km Mahmudia;
Tumulus (B), near the hill Hârtop - Mahmudia;
Tumulus (B), on the road Tulcea - Mahmudia;
Hallstatt settlement 1 km V Salsovia - Mahmudia village, (B);
Murighiol
- Zaporojeni Citadel, Roman - Byzantine era IV-VI AD is in the village of Lower Lake
Dunavăţul Razelm (type A);
- Getic settlement - sec. IV - II BC Latene, in the village Dunavăţul de Jos 2.5 km from
the city Zaporozjeni, (B);
- Getic settlement - IV - II BC cen. Latene, in the village Dunavăţul de Jos 1.5 km from
the village limit, (B);
- Early Medieval Settlement (sec. X - XI AD) located in the center of the village of
Dunavăţul de Sus, (B);
- Roman - Byzantine fortress (IV - VI century AD) located in the village of Dunavăţul de
Sus, (B);
- Rural settlement, roman era - Murighiol village, (B);
- Rural settlement, roman era - Sarinastuf village, (B);
- Settlement of early La Tene, 800 m E of village Sarinastuf, (B);
- Cremation cemetery from La Tene, the center of the village Sarinastuf, (B);
Nufaru
- The archaeological site of Ilganii de Sus at 2km southwest of the village Izvoarele,
consists of a early medieval fortress and a Roman - Byzantine fortress (type A);
- The archaeological site " Halmyris Citadel" - 2 km SE of Murighiol includes: cityGreek - Roman era (IV BC - VII century AD), civil settlement and cemetery (type A);
- Nufăru archaeological site - Nufăru village includes: medieval fortress Prislava (X-XVI
century), early medieval era necropolis, Roman fortress, Roman settlement and
settlement of early La Tene (type A);
- Getic settlement of La Tene - Malcoci village (road Tulcea - Nufăru), (B);
- The archaeological site Malcoci, (B) comprises: a fortified settlement from Roman
times, a settlement of La Tene and a Hallstatt settlement.
- The archaeological site located on the slope of the hill Murighiol, N Murighiol includes
a settlement from the medieval era and Roman rural settlement, (B)
- Getic settlement of La Tene - "Movila Duna" (B);
- The archaeological site of Murighiol point "Ghiolul Pietrei" includes a early medieval
times settlement, a settlement of La Tene and a Hallstatt settlement, (B)
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-
The archaeological site Murighiol at the center of the village Murighiol, includes a
settlement of Latene and a getic necropolis in the same period, (B);
Tumulus - throughout the village Murighiol, (B);
Early Medieval settlement - (sec XI - XIII) at km SE of the village Nufăru, (B);
The archaeological site, 1.5 km SE of village Nufăru includes a settlement from the
Roman period and a settlement of La Tene, (B);
The archaeological site of Nufăru, Curcuz Valley includes a medieval settlement - and a
settlement of early La Tene, (B);
Archaeological site Nufăru Hill, Curcuz point, includes a medieval settlement - a and
settlement of early La Tene, (B);
Medieval crafting complex - Nufăru village, (B);
Nufăru archaeological site on the road Nufăru - Beştepe (type B) - consists of a early
medieval settlement and a settlement of La Tene;
Medieval necropolis of inhumation (XI century) - the S hills of the village Nufăru (B);
Early Medieval necropolis - in the village of Victoria, (B);
The archaeological site of Victoria, Victoria village, includes a settlement from the early
medieval era and a settlement of La Tene;
Sarichioi
- The archaeological site "Enisala Citadel" is in the village Enisala near the lake Razelm,
includes the following artifacts: medieval fortress (sec. XIV - XV), Hallstatt settlement,
(type A);
- The archaeological site of Enisala point "Palanca" in the village Enisala between
Enisala citadel and Palanca includes the following artifacts: a settlement from the
Roman era, a medieval settlement, a necropolis, a early medieval settlement, sec IV - II
BC Latene, Hallstatt settlement, settlement of the Neolithic (type B);
- Roman- Byzantine era fortress (IV - VII AD) located on the South shore of Lake
Babadag, N of the village of Enisala (B);
- Roman rural settlement (sec. II - IV AD) in the village of Enisala (B);
- Medieval settlement (XV - XVII) located in the village Enisala (B);
- The archaeological site from Enisala "La Biserica" point - includes the following:
medieval period cemetery, settlement from the migrations period, necropolis of Roman,
Bronze Age settlement, settlement of La Tene; (B)
- In the necropolis. V - IV î.Hr.Latène, 3km S of village ENISA (B);
- The archaeological site of Sabangia - The Fountain Ialnaşcu at about 2 km N of village
Sabangia includes: a settlement in early medieval times, a Roman settlement, a
settlement from the Neolithic and a Latene settlement, (B)
- Roman - Byzantine settlement, village Sabangia, (B)
- Roman necropolis - Sabangia village, (B)
- The archaeological site Sarichioi, N of Sarichioi village (B) includes a late medieval
cemetery and a Roman rural settlement;
- Early medieval era settlement (X - XII c.) in the village Sarichioi, (B)
- Archaeological site Sarichioi Hill Bursudi point: a medieval settlement, a settlement
from early medieval times, a getic settlement of La Tene, a settlement from the
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
Hallstatt, a Bronze Age settlement, a settlement of Eneolithic and a settlement from the
Neolithic, (B)
Roman rural settlement. II - IIIAD - 1 km S of village Sarichioi, (B)
Early medieval settlement in ( IX – XI cen.) - 1 km S of Sarichioi, (B)
Tumulus - Sarichioi village, (B)
Tumulus group - hill Tapi, village Sarichioi, (B)
Tumulus group - 2 km northwest of the village Sarichioi N, (B)
Aligned tumulus - 3 km N of Sarichioi, (B)
Roman settlement - Visterna village, (B)
Roman necropolis (sec. I - III d.Hr) - Visterna village, (B)
Somova
- Archaeological site Parcheș - Bugeac, 1 km west of the village Parches - Somova
includes a settlement from the Roman period and a settlement of La Tene, (B)
- Late medieval settlement of "Iarba Dulce", 1km west of the village Parches, (B)
- Getic settlement of La Tene (type B) Lake Parches, N of Parches village;
- Archaeological site Somova (type B) - Somova village, includes: a settlement of the
Roman - Byzantine era, a Roman settlement and a settlement from La Tene;
- The archaeological site of Somova, "La batace", Somova village, includes a settlement
and a necropolis of La Tene;
Valea Nucarilor
- Tumulus - Agighiol village (type A) - the set includes: an alignment of three tumulus,
tumulus grouped, isolated tumulus, alignment of 11 tumulus;
- The archaeological site of Agighiol (type B) - is in the center of the village and
surrounding area to the E, comprises a Roman settlement and an early medieval rural
settlement;
- Greek - native settlement (B) - Agighiol village, 350 m from the village, on the Pietros
hill; sec. IV-III BC;
- Roman rural settlement (II-IV century AD) in the village of Agighiol, 1.5 km from the
village, on the shore of lake Aghighiol (type B);
- Roman rural settlement in the village of Agighiol, 1 km NW - II - III d.Hr c. - (B);
- Settlement in the village of Agighiol - sec. II AD Latene (type B);
- Rural settlement in the village of Agighiol at 1.8 km N-NW of the village, sec III - IV
century AD, Roman-Byzantine era (B);
- Early Medieval settlement ( X – XI c.), 1.6 km N of village Agighiol (type B);
- Roman rustic villa - 1.5 km N of village Agighiol, Tulcea Valley - sec. II - III AD (type
B);
- Early medieval settlement - sec. XI - XII AD, in the village Agighiol at 1.6 km V (B);
- Getic settlement - II - III AD, Roman era , in the village Agighiol at 1.6 km W from the
village (B);
- Roman rural settlement (II - IV BC) 2 km from the village Iazurile (type B);
- Settlement (B) of XVII – XVIIIc., "Siliştea", 1.5 km SW of the village Iazurile and
500m from the village of Agighiol;
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- Tumulus aligned - the village Iazurile SE (B);
- Tumulus at 1.3 km from the village Iazurile V, (B);
- Roman rural settlement in the village of Valley Nucarilor, (B);
- Tumulus, 4 km N of the village Vallea Nucarilor (B);
- Church "Sf Voievozi" 1858 - 1860, village Agighiol, (B)
Syntesis - Type of the monument
Type of the monument
Tulcea
Sulina
Bestepe
C.A. Rosetti
Chilia Veche
Crisan
Jurilovca
Mahmudia
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
No. of Monumets
Type A
Type B
2
2
1
36
1
5
5
8
-
3
-
5
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
1
-
10
-
-
-
1
-
11
-
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Type of the monument
Murighiol
Nufaru
Sarichioi
Somova
Valea Nucarilor
TOTAL
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
Archaeology
Architecture
Public monuments
Memorial-funeral
monuments
No. of Monumets
Type A
Type B
1
-
8
-
3
-
15
-
1
-
20
-
-
4
-
1
-
16
1
-
16
141
1.4. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA
The economic characteristic of the Romanian Pilot Project DELTAS Area comprise an array of
information defined by quantitative measurements and also by qualitative appreciations and specific
public regulation applied in particular for each municipality or as general rules for all area. In order
to attempt the phase purpose it has been used several information sources such as: an economic
indicators database (Borg Design only for private sector), National Institute for Statistics, Eurostat,
county councils sites, structural funds sites, banks sites.
Evolving a strategy aiming to tourism development for the Delta part of Danube River needs first to
analyze the economic situation of the municipalities comprised in Tulcea study area. In that
perspective it has been decided the necessity of describing the local business sector, the financial
framework and local government rules. Those parameters are considered to be the basement for any
further economic development and also an important support for a realistic tourism strategy.
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Economic performance
Turnover indicator measures results in microeconomic level representing the volume of returns
from own activity in a period of time, returns price market considered.
Danube Delta study area summarizes a turnover of 3.351.781.866 Ron, most of them “produced” in
Tulcea City (91, 7%).
Considering the territorial distribution of economic results (turnover) for the rest of the study area,
is clearly visible in the charts issued that “wealth” is concentrated in the close neighborhood of
urban poles, excepting Sulina’s town case. Economic results in Danube Delta study area, besides
Tulcea City, shows a distribution of economic results similar with employment information
mentioned above. In that perspective, Mahmudia contribute up to 2, 4% in area turnover, Sarichioi
with 1, 8% and Sulina town with less then a percent.
Regarding the overall structure of activities on economic branches, Danube Delta study area has up
to 43,7% industry turnover, 32,9% commerce turnover, 8,5% other services turnover and 8,1%
construction turnover. Tourism turnover represent only 2, 2 share in economic results.
Territorial distribution of economic activities
The structure of activities in Tulcea Area based on economic results (share of turnover) shows
several categories of economic profiles such as:
- Agricultural profile: Bestepe (61, 2%), Ceatalchioi (80, 9%);
- Forestry profile: Jurilovca (45, 6%);
- Fishery profile: Crisan (44, 2%);
- Industrial profile: Tulcea City (47, 1%);
- Construction profile: Sarichioi (59,6);
- Commercial profile: C.A. Rosetti (97, 5%), Chilia Veche (82%), Mahmudia (76, 1%),
Murighiol (32, 5%), Nufaru (46, 6%), Sulina town (70, 2%), Pardina (100%), Sfantu
Gheorghe (49, 5%), Somova (40, 5%) and Valea Nucarilor (36, 2%).
In that range of activities, industrial activities come first bringing the highest economic performance
as it can be observed in the chart describing the territorial distribution of the turnover. In that
perspective Tulcea City came on top of the study area with the biggest turnover issued mainly from
industry.
Besides industry, commercial activities are also well represented in Delta Area.
Touristic activities are not very competitive in the study area in terms of economic results, although
the Danube Delta offers a great touristic potential to that territory.
However, the business sector situation highlights good natural and human resources whom are
available to support local economic and especially touristic development, but a rather poor
exploitation of those resources.
There is a need for a better involvement of local and county authorities in order to attract direct
investments for tourism and other supporting services and to engage in more offensive promotions
of
these
areas.
Complementary, it
is
necessary to make adjustments for
transport
and urban infrastructure.
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1.4.1. Agriculture
The great number of the fields covered with water but also of those with natural pastures and
meadows have influenced the development of fishing and agriculture in the 17 analysed towns:
o fishing – Tulcea, Sulina, Crisan, Sfantu Gheorghe, Sarichioi;
o agriculture – Somova, Ceatalchioi, Pardina, C.A.Rosetti, Nufaru, Bestepe;
o fishing and agriculture – Maliuc, Mahmudia, Murighiol, Valea Nucarilor, Jurilovca,
Chilia Veche.
Having in view the natural conditions in the Danube Delta (large surfaces of water and smaller ones
of land), the agriculture of these towns can seem at first a branch with a limited development
potential. But, the reality is that agricultural lands have extended due to the damming and draining
during the last years. During the last decades of the XX century, facilities for agriculture, fishing
and forestry were built. The agricultural facilities (like in Pardina and Murighiol) are used both by
local inhabitants (who use small plots of lands, for living) and by companies who obtain granting,
for profit. They cultivate mainly corn, wheat, fodder crops, vegetables, vine (especially in Tulcea
and C.A.Rosetti), fruit trees (apple trees, pear trees, apricot trees, plum trees – around Chilia Veche
and Ceatalchioi towns).
In the villages without agricultural lands (Crisan, Sfantu Gheorghe) local inhabitants use the
household yard for gardening, but the products they obtain are not enough.
Animal breeding (bulls, ovine, caprine, equine, porcine) is an activity favoured by the large spaces
on the spits and by the natural pastures and meadows. There is a local tradition of breeding animals,
with unique character, favoured by the natural conditions but also by the breeders’ tradition and
mentality. This particularity refers to breeding animals in liberty during the whole year in the open
air and, during winters, hosted by some modest reed covers. This system is still frequent for bulls
and equine but rare for porcine. The large number of ovine is linked to the use of pastures which
have a rich vegetation after the retirement of waters.
Probably that the first recreational activity that a tourist would think of is fishing. This could not be
otherwise due to the large surfaces of water (the Danube, many lakes, distributaries and channels)
and the diversity of fish living here (crucian carp, roach, bream, sheatfish, carp, pike perch, pike,
perch, herring, sturgeons). Having in view the studies that demonstrate the decline of the sturgeons
species (sterlet, common sturgeon, great sturgeon and others) as well as the worrying evolution of
the sturgeons’ captures registered after 2000, fishing sturgeons is forbidden. The fish fauna presents
interest both for the scientific and economic fields but also for sport fishing.
From the economic point of view, fishing has remained the basic activity of towns isolated among
waters, representing an important source of employment and ensuring means of living.
In spite of the progress in facilities and organisation, the productivity of fishing is inferior to the one
from the beginning of the century (the fish quantity handed by every fisherman to fisheries is a lot
smaller in present than that registered at the beginning of the century). The fish facilities have taken
over large areas from the fishing zones without a great productivity. These changes have reduced
the value of fishing as basic activity for some towns which have developed an agricultural profile
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
(Pardina, Ceatalchioi). The least affected areas still keep a relevance of the fishy profile (Sfantu
Gheorghe, Sarichioi, Jurilovca).
1.4.2. Forestry
The forest fund in the analysed towns is represented by natural forests, forests planted in a regime
free of floods and forests planted in forest managements (Murighiol -367 ha, Pardina – 425 ha,
Sfantu Gheorghe – 1285.7 ha), characterised by a valuable fauna complex for the hunting tourism
(rabbits, deer, porcupines, foxes, wild cats, otters, minks, ermines, martens, badgers, common
badgers, geese, wild ducks, pheasants, partridges, woodcocks, small snipes, lapwings, pelicans,
cormorants) but also for other tourist activities such as bird-watching or photo-safari.
From the ecological and economic point of view, the forests have a protection function, the
production function being less developed. That is why the forest economy absorbs a small part of
the workforce.
Of the surfaces covered with forests of the towns analysed (the Topalcea forest – Tulcea, the
Covaliova forest – Ceatalchioi, the Letea forest and the Nasmacul Mare forest – C.A.Rosetti, the
Babadag forest – Sarichioi, the Tatarului forest – Chilia Veche) The Letea forest is remarked, a
special natural reservation which includes about 3,000 ha. The charm of this forest with tropical
aspect is represented not only by the high trees (grey oaks, elms, white poplars) but also the lianas
which mount on the trees trunks, field bindweed, ivy, hop which, together with the wild roses, offer
by their colours a very picturesque image. Here one can see over 3.000 animal species and over 500
plant species.
Unlike the agricultural facilities, the forest ones were made after 1960 by damming, clearing the
spontaneous forest vegetation and by planting some species of acacia, poplar and ash tree. These
forest facilities have been made for economic purposes and nobody has analysed their ecologic role
in view of creating a diverse flora spectrum to offer biotopes for the delta fauna. That is why it is
thought that these facilities have not brought any benefits to the ecologic equilibrium and have led
to the damage of the Danube Delta biodiversity potential. Among the forest facilities with
productive aim are those in Pardina (425 ha), Murighiol (400 ha) and Sfantu Gheorghe (1285.7 ha).
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardina,_Tulcea
1.4.3. Industry
The industry sector in the Danube Delta is low developed, being an agro-based economy. The area
is more agrarian than industrial, agriculture, fishery, livestock, and exploitation of metallic ores and
construction materials being the main economic activities sustaining the livelihoods. Industrial units
having a significant impact of the economy are, in most part, located in urban areas, adjacent to the
reservation area.
Industry structure is characterized by the predominance of food industries (canned fish, vegetables
and fruits, dairy products, grain milling, meat industry), ferrous and non-metallic mineral
extraction, construction materials, reed exploitation, wood processing industry, metallurgy,
chemical, textile industry, construction and repair of ships. Overall, the industrial production
severely decreased in the last year (-12.2% in 2005 and -42.9% in 2007 respectively in Tulcea
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
county). The specific resources of the Danube Delta Reservation, fish and reed, have the highest
significance both for local economies and national industrial branches.
In recent years, a number of large industrial consumers of energy and pollutants have been closed
and stopped the activity, the industrial production being reduced considerably. The sectors most
affected by the transition to the market economy, registering the most pronounced decline are
ferrous and nonferrous industries. Poor infrastructure in the city contributes significantly to
reduction of the industrial activity and high unemployment. The access to vital economic nodes is
impeded by the infrastructure, insufficient developed, water transport being predominant in the
region and extremely sensitive to changes in natural conditions (i.e. frost, low or high water).
Tulcea is the operating centre of the reed and the sole producer of calcined alumina and a major
shipbuilding yard. Generally, medium and small industry and handicrafts are in decline.
The main industrial zone is Tulcea Municipality, where the industrial sectors with the highest
contribution to generate revenues and increased growth rate are construction industry, ship building
and repair, metallurgy (excluding production for export, in growth), construction material
production, wood processing industry, textile industry (garments and leather), food (fish, meat,
milk, wine, vegetables, fruit).
In some localities in the Danube Delta, the extractive industry has still potential of development,
through the exploitation of mineral substances such as limestone (Bestepe, Mahmudia, Murighiol,
Nufarul, Jurilovca), dolomites (Mahmudia), sandstone (Dervent-Tepe quarries, Nufarul) used by
Galati Steel Plant or in the manufacture of lime in construction and stone for the maintenance of
roads and railways. Although, the exploitation operation significantly decreased in recent years,
some quarries have continued their work.
Food production sector, construction and repair of ships will increase further with the intensification
of specific demand worldwide and nationally.
The position in the territory could attract the potential investors to value the wind potential and thus
some niche sectors are supporting the economic activity of the local communities, namely
alternative energy production (i.e. Bestepe, Somova, Valea Nucarilor) especially through publicprivate partnerships.
Because much of the territory is declared protected area, the importance of the industry sector in
general, and of hard industry in particular will decrease, and other sector will gain higher
importance tourism, services, trade.
1.4.4. Services
Generally, services sector is low developed, and except for two branches, tourism and trade, the
perspectives of revival are still poor. Together with fishing, trade and tourism sectors have the
highest potential for the future sustainable development of local communities, registering the
highest increase.
The patterns of the Delta area offer potential for development of the hospitality industry. The
natural and cultural potential sustains tourism development within the area, moreover as it generates
economic, social, environmental benefits for the local communities (creating jobs, incomes,
contribution to the local economy, social impact) being a priority for the consistent development of
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the localities.
The most attractive factors for the delta communities are the natural resources valorised through
agrotourism. For small, family, agricultural business, agrotourism is a future solution through
education and awareness of residents on the economic, social and environmental benefits of tourism
development in the area, and attracting the interests of Romanian and foreign tourists on the
traditional practices of agriculture and fishery in the delta villages.
The future development of Tulcea Municipality is based on sectors with the highest growth in the
community, tourism and financial services, respectively. The economic development of the city was
based on tourism and its potential, and the constructions and investments in tourism infrastructure,
especially accommodation units, proved this new orientation of the market. Tourism is a very
competitive sector also in attracting foreign investments.
1.4.5. Tourism sector
1.4.5.1. Tourist attractions
The beaches in the Danube Delta
The Sfantu Gheorghe beach – beach at the Black Sea lying at about 3 km from the Sfantu
Gheorghe town, variable width, between 40-100 m and a length of 6 km which can be designed.
The sand is fine and the sand dunes (high of 0,75 – 1,50m) represent a source for refreshing and
designing the beach.
The Sulina beach – beach at the Black Sea, is the main attraction in the city, lying at 2 km distance
from this. It has a width of 100m, in diminution to the south and with a 4km length. The sand has a
fine granulation and is blended with shells and different residues brought by the sea water. The
Sulina beach is an area of ecologic importance, here the sand bindweed developing, a plant on the
red list of the protected species.
The Gura Portitei beach – Gura Portitei is a wild place, attested by documents since 1710. With a
length of about 7 km, the beach has been designed by the Tour SRL Tulcea fishing society.
Archaeological citadels and sites
The Enisala medieval fortress is included in the military architecture monuments on the Romania
territory, built in the XIVth century. The precincts walls of the citadel are mostly kept at a 5-10m
height and can be noticed from large distances.
The Orgame-Argamum archaeological site – the Orgame-Argamum archaeological site lies on
the border of the Razim lake, at 20 km south-west from the Sfantu Gheorghe arm. The Orgame
citadel is mentioned in documents at the beginning of the VIth century.
The Halmyris archaeological site, situated at about 2 km from the Murighiol village. The
archaeological diggings in 1981 demonstrated its existence from the VI century BC.
The Salsovia – Mahmudia citadel –The vestiges of the Salsovia Roman fortification lie on a
promontory above the Sf Gheorghe arm. The citadel functioned as a military castrum in the first
half of the III century.
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The Proslavita citadel – Nufaru – lies on the right border of the Sf Gheorghe arm, at about 12 km
before the Tulcea city. The archaeological research has shown the existence of an important urban
centre from the X-XIV centuries.
The Istria citadel – on the border of the Sinoe lake lies the Histria citadel – the first Greek colony
on the western border of the Black Sea and the oldest city in Romania, being created at the middle
of the VII-th century B.C.
Horseback riding
In the Danube Delta there are some horseback riding services within the accommodation units
where this activity can be practiced:
Egreta Hotel – Dunavăţu de Jos;
Green Village Complex – Sfântu Gheorghe;
Cormoran Complex – Uzlina.
Other attractions
A department of the Tulcea eco-museum research institute (www.icemtl.ro), the Danube
Delta eco-tourist museum centre is created as a complex culture institution that includes a
museum and a public aquarium. It was created through a common effort of the Tulcea county
council and the Tulcea eco-museum research institute, inside a project developed through the
Romania-Ukraine Neighbouring programme 2004-2006 and opened officially for the public on the
14.04.2009.
Centru spa în cadrul Morena boarding house în localitatea Murighiol; A spa centre inside
the Morena boarding house in the Murighiol town.
The Niculitel paleo-Christian monument – lies in the north-east area of the town, at the
foot of the Piatra Rosie hill. The complex is made of a paleo-Christian basilica, erased on some
martyr graves. Four martyrs - Zotlkos, Attalos, Camasls and Phlllppos –were identified in a
common coffin, lying in the superior part of the crypt. The basilica and the crypt-martyr were built
after 370 A.D., on the place of an old grave from the III century A.D.
The wild herds of horses in the Letea village – groups of wild horses offer real shows
while running on the spits. These animals appeared here during the last decades due to a tradition
known in the entire Delta, which is to let the domestic animals free in the wild pool areas.
Another tourist attraction of the Letea village is represented by the windmill rebuilt
recently by some workers from the village. The windmill was part of a large group of such
buildings which occupied, some decades ago, the field around the village and that in Periprava.
1.4.5.2. Tourist infrastructure
Tourist infrastructure is relatively well represented in the area of Danube Delta. Therefore it can be
stated that almost all kind of tourist infrastructure is found in Danube Delta: accommodation
establishments, food and beverage facilities, means of tourist transport, leisure services, travel
agencies and tourist information centres.
Accommodation establishments:
In 2010 at 31st of July, according to the data provided by National Institute of Statistics there were
128 accommodation establishments cumulating 1,193 rooms and 4,291 bed-places. However this
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only represents 1.4% of the total number of bed-places in accommodation establishments in
Romania.
It is important to mention that according with Romanian accommodation ranking system most of
bed-places in Danube Delta are 3 star classified (52.9%) and 4 star classified (34.3%) (see figure
below). These are intermediate and upper-intermediate categories providing a rather good quality
of services provided.
As regards the type of accommodation establishments, hotels concentrate one quarter (25.2%) of
total bed-places in Danube Delta, followed by campings (17.0%), tourist villas (12.1%), boarding
houses (12.0%). Other units (pupil camps, inns, holiday villages, accommodation on ships etc.)
account for one third (33.75) of total accommodation bed-places in Danube Delta.
The occupancy of accommodation establishments is Danube Delta is rather low only 19.8% for the
year 2010 which is bellow the national average of 25.3% according with the data of National
Institute of Statistics. However different types of accommodation establishments reported higher
occupancy rates such us tourist villas (33.4%), accommodation on ships (29.3%) and hotels
(20.5%).
Distribution of existing bed-places of accommodation
establishments in Danube Delta, 2010
201; 4,7%
24; 0,6%
60; 1,4%
264; 6,2%
1470; 34,3%
2272; 52,9%
5 star
4 star
3 star
2 star
1 star
unclassified
Source: National Institute of Statistics in Romania
Note: data include also Tulcea city;
Food and beverage facilities
According with the Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism register of F&B public
classified facilities there are 80 units located in the area of Danube Delta cumulating 9,036 table
seats. Regarding the typology most of F & B facilities in Danube Delta are restaurants (83.1.0%),
followed by day bars (6.3%), disco-bars (5.8%) and other types of units (4.9%). According to the
star ranking of F & B units in Romania half of these units located in Danube Delta (50.8%) are
classified as intermediate category – 3 stars and over a third as superior categories – 4 stars (30.8%)
and 5 stars (4.5%). Inferior categories (one and two stars) cumulate only 13.8% of the total
classified F & B facilities.
Means of tourist transport
According with Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve there are 10 tourist transport operators providing
transport with ships. It is important to mention that for the access on the inland channels the
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transport is provided by small ships5. In the same time according with Ministry of Regional
Development and Tourism register there are 17 river ships that provide accommodation services in
267 bed-places.
Leisure services
Mainly the leisure services are provided by accommodation establishments. For example there are a
sort of spa services (more precisely sauna) provided by some units (e.g. Morena in Murighiol, Mon
Jardin in Mahmudia, Green Village) or horseback riding services (e.g. Cormoran Complex in
Uzlina). However there are some specific services for Delta such us birdwatching or rental of boats
for leisure or fishing purposes that are provided by most of upscale accommodation units.
Travel agencies
A number of 26 travel agencies licensed by the Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism are
located in the area of Danube Delta and Tulcea city. 23 are located in Tulcea city while 2 are
located in Jurilovca and one in Samova locality.
Tourist Information Centres
In Tulcea city there are two Tourist Information Centres according to the list of Ministry of
Regional Development and Tourism. One is located in Garii street no 26 on the Danube’s cliff
being under the administration of Tulcea Municipality and the other one in Portului street no 34 A.
The last one is administrated by Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Administration (DDBRA). Also
DDBRA owns another 2 “tourist information and ecological educational centres” located in Crisan
and Sulina localities.
5
Gâştescu Petre, Ştiucă Romulus, Delta Dunării – rezervaţie a biosferei, Bucureşti, CF Press, 2008, p. 278
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1.4.5.3. Guests
Danube Delta is one of the most famous tourist attractions of Romania. Nevertheless in 2010 it
attracted only 68,414 tourists registered in accommodation establishments which represent only 1.1
% of total arrivals of tourists in Romania. It is important to mention that only 22.1% are foreign
tourists while 77.9% are Romanian tourists. Meanwhile overnight stays account for 108,705 out of
84,791 (78.0%) are overnight stays of Romanian tourists and 23,914 (22.0%) are overnight stays of
Romanian tourists. Again the share of overnight stays of Danube Delta in total overnight stays in
Romania is very low reaching only 0.7%.
When analysing tourist flows in a region the indicator of overnight stays is more accurate that the
one of arrivals as it takes into consideration also the duration of stay of tourists. That is the reason
why when analysing the breakdown of tourist flows (e.g. classification categories, type of
accommodation establishments, seasonality) it is important to consider the overnight stays
indicator.
Analysing overnights stays distribution by Romanian classification system by stars (see figure …)
shows that the majority of tourists have been accommodated in 3 stars units (65.4%) followed by 4
stars units (26.9%). Very few tourists have chosen low classification units of 2 stars (6.1%). This
fact could be considered very positive for the tourism activity in the region.
Overnight stays of tourists in Danube Delta by classification
categories, 2010
6631; 6,1%
31000; 28,5%
71074; 65,4%
4 stars
3 stars
2 stars
Source: National Institute of Statistics (INS) in Romania
Note: data include also Tulcea city; unclassified and one star units are excluded since the threshold for reporting this
indicator to INS has changed starting with 2010
Regarding the distribution of overnight stays by type of accommodation establishments (see
following figure), hotels are the predominant type (73.3%), followed by touristic villas (12.7%),
camping (7.8%) and boarding houses (5.9%). Other types of units (accommodation on ships and
tourist halting places) account for only 0.3%.
The fact that the share of hotels in overnight stays (73.3%) is much higher that the one in existing
accommodation capacity expressed in bed-places (25.2%) reflects both a strong preference of
guests for this type of accommodation and a good functioning of accommodation capacities in
hotels.
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Overnight stays in Danube Delta by type of accommodation
establishments, 2010
365; 0,3%
8447; 7,8%
6370; 5,9%
13852; 12,7%
79671; 73,3%
Hotels
Touristic villas
Boarding houses
Campings
Other units
Note: data include also Tulcea city
Another aspect of analysing tourist flows is represented by the distribution of origin countries of
foreign tourists visiting Danube Delta. However it should be reminded that foreign tourists
represent only 22% of total overnight stays registered in accommodation establishments in Danube
Delta.
Orgin countries of foreign tourists visiting Danube Delta in 2010
(Total foreign: 23,914)
22,0%
Germany
29,8%
Spain
Italy
France
2,2%
Norway
2,9%
Poland
Austria
5,1%
United Kingdom
9,8%
5,7%
Switzerland
Other foreign countries
7,2%
7,5%
7,9%
Note: data based on number of overnight stays registered in accommodation establishments
Most foreign tourists came from Germany (29.8%), followed at big distance by Spain (9.8%), Italy
(7.9%), France (7.5%) and Norway (7.2%). These five countries account for over 62% of total
foreigners accommodated in Danube Delta. Other countries generating tourists for Danube Delta in
2010 were Poland, Austria and United Kingdom. An important part (22.2%) is represented by
other countries, other than the ones mentioned before.
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1.4.5.4. Handicrafts
Painting icons on wood / glass, lippovan icons
Places where they practice this craft: Tulcea, Jurilovca, Slava Cercheză. The icon was always a part
of the Romanian peasant soul. The icon is always present in the traditional house, being used as an
object of worship and with religious or decorative purposes, such as icons painted on wood or glass.
Fabrics/stitching
Places of this traditional craft: Cerna, Luncaviţa. Weaving and sewing for the family, were parts of
the basic occupations of the Romanian women. From daily costumes to the feast costumes, and to
fabrics that "dress" the house, everything was worked by hand and craftsmanship.
Pottery
Places where pottery is found: Dorobanţu, Cârjelari. Pottery has been practiced since ancient times,
standing witness the beautiful Neolithic pots; during this period they developed a remarkable
civilization.
Sculpture in wood
Places where they practice this craft: Tulcea, Niculiţel, Ciucurova. Wood has always been a
sensitive material in which the craftsman has put skill and artistic sense. The raw material was
subjected skillful hand of man, giving rise to a broad range of items - from small, personal use, to
decorative items for home, household items (chairs, tables, containers used in kitchen).
Wicker and rush
Places where they practice this craft: Tulcea, Chilia Veche, Luncaviţa, Somova, Topolog,
Mahmudia. Art of weaving is very old, before the art of weaving and pottery. Weaving is made of
twigs, straw, wicker, rush. There are light objects, tough, delicate, with beautiful texture. Wicker
baskets are made of different shapes and sizes, with various uses. Baskets for carrying grapes, fish,
fruit and vegetables are made of hazel twigs.
Blacksmith
Places where they practice this craft: Topolog, Enisala Agighiol, Niculiţel, Baia. Smiths appearance
has grown since the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, being strongly encouraged by the strategic
placement. The blacksmith workshops made the necessary objects for inhabitants - agricultural
tools and horseshoes, household hardware (trivets, hooks straw, fodder cutting knives, axes,
cleavers, lock doors and cabinets).
Manufacture wheels
Places where they keep this tradition: Niculiţel, Enisala. The wheelers were craftsmen who built
carts or parts for these vehicles. Wheelwrights craftsmen made pieces of timber the best in vehicle
gear.
Cooperage- Places where they practice this craft: Niculiţel, Isaccea, Izvoarele, Casimcea,
Luncaviţa. Cooperage is a craft that was developed based on human needs. Copper vessels were
brought to market and exchanged for agricultural products and rarely for money.
Horizontal loom
Places where they keep the tradition: Enisala Cerna. Horizontal loom is the most primitive of the
four types of looms. It consists simply of two wooden bars that stretch from the longitudinal woolen
yarn. During work, the warp threads remain tense due to the two supports placed at the ends of two
bars and sitting on the ground.
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1.4.5.5. Gastronomy and wine
Even if you're a skilled cook, Delta people will show that there are unbelievable ways to prepare
fish. First, Delta fishermen, before cooking the fish, prepare the fins, head and tail, so, the food will
be richer in flavor. As for cutting and cleaning the fish, chefs in this area prefer to cut the fish on
one side. Thus, boiling or frying is done quickly and evenly, and also this type of notch grind the
large bones.
Fish soup should be highly seasoned and cooked with several varieties of fish. A soup made of fish
recipes of the Delta has some secrets. The first cooked fish should be fat (carp, catfish, carp, crucian
carp) and then light fish like pike, perch. In spring, a herring's tail in combination is delicious.
Delta fishermen say that after you have tasted true fisherman's soup, you're not allowed to drink
water for at least half an hour, otherwise you will be thirsty all the day.
And if you get in the Delta, you should not miss these dishes: fried fish, cod fish, brine, fresh fish
spawn, salted spawn or crab broiled tail and pincers. The best freshwater fish spawn for the salad
are the one of pike and carp.
Local wine and liqueur
Recommended wines to accompany dishes from Danube Delta:
• Feteasca Regala, Merlot, Sauvignon - Istria-Babadag vineyard
• Merlot, Pinot Noir, Feteasca a Regala, Aligote, Muscat Ottonel, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling Sarica Niculiţel vineyard.
This county offers the best conditions of production both wine and grapes destined for eating. The
mild climate favors the growth of grapes for raisins.
Other beverages
Other local traditional beverages, household products, generally served as an appetizer, are brandy,
obtained by fermentation and distillation of plums, and fruit brandy, made from apricot, cherry,
plum, peach, cherry and apricot (which borrow the corresponding fruit flavor used). Usually, the
degree of alcohol may reach even 40.
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1.5. INFRASTRUCTURE
1.5.1. Transport system in the area
Road transport: In most cases, local roads do not provide adequate running surface for passenger
transport under safe and comfortable conditions. Access to the Danube Delta is mostly done by
water and the lack of roads makes it rather difficult.
The public road network includes about 1,335 km of roads among which an European road – E87:
Ukraine – Galati – Tulcea – Constanta – (Bulgaria, Turkey, on national road DN 22). The national
roads are upgraded and in good condition and fall in III and IV technical classes, while county roads
(technical classes IV and V) and communal roads (technical class V) are upgraded in a very small
percentage (21.6%); at national level, the South-East Region to which the study area belongs,
occupies the last place.
In order to facilitate the access to human settlements located in the continental area of the Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve, the links between regional and local roads and the roads that connect with
national roads should be upgraded.
Rail transport: There is a 103 km single track, non-electrified rail in the area, but there is no
railway network in the Delta. The main railway in the region is the double track, electric rail of
Faurei – Braila – Galati, with a loop line Tulcea – Braila.
Tulcea city has a passenger station and a freight station which connects the city with the capital of
the country and allows the transportation of raw materials and goods to and from the whole country.
In technical terms the railway network is in good condition; however, because of the level of
endowment and the technical condition of the tracks the speed of trains is limited to 60-80 km/h.
The main problems of the railway network in the area are the poor condition of equipment and the
low level of comfort of passenger cars; it is necessary to improve the links with the European
transport corridors. In accordance with the White Paper 2010-2020 on transport policy the railway
system will be promoted by means of appropriate infrastructure, enhanced intermodal services and
logistics.
Air transport: The “Danube Delta” Airport located near Tulcea city provides air traffic services
including to the delta. The airport is located 17 km from Tulcea and 3 km from the commune of
Cataloi and has a concrete runway of 2,000 x 30 m, a runway verge area of 7.5 m and a
maneuvering area of 150 x 17 m. The airport has been and still is subject to upgrading works.
The airport provides charter aviation and utility services for agriculture and health; it is also a
border crossing and control point open to international traffic.
Water transport: the Danube River crosses the study area from south to east; a navigation channel
on the section Tulcea - Braila is the main trans-European waterway – Corridor VII (Axis 18) within
TEN-T network – that provides water links with the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
Tulcea and Sulina are the two river-sea ports in the area, while in the area of Tulcea City there are
three types of ports: industrial, commercial and passenger; the latter provides daily ship courses on
the three branches of the Danube (Chilia, Sfantu Gheorghe and Sulina).
The ports of Tulcea and Sulina are crossing points opened to international traffic.
Provisions on transport development
The main provisions of the National Spatial Plan - NSP – Communication Network section (Law
no. 363/2006) regard rail, air and water transport:
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Waterway network:
- river waterway development on the sections: Tulcea (between Ceatal Ismail and Ceatal Sfantu
Gheorghe; Ceatal Sfantu Gheorghe – the Black Sea; Sulina canal; the Danube navigable branches:
Sfantu Gheorghe and Chilia
- upgrading works at ferry crossings and passenger ship docking at ports: Sulina, Tulcea, Sfantu
Gheorghe, Chilia Veche
- new RO - RO traffic line in Tulcea
- development of tourist ports and passenger ship jetties at Sulina, Tulcea, Chilia, Sfantu Gheorghe
- modernization of ports: Sulina, Tulcea, Chilia Veche
Railway network:
- construction of a new railway track on the route Tulcea – Macin - Braila
Airline network:
- modernization of Tulcea Airport
1.5.2. Accessibility
The access to the area is only possible by water transport as there are no land transport connections.
The existence of improper roads or the absence of roads has the following consequences: difficult
connections among the various communes of the zone or the constituent settlements of a commune.
Other effects are difficult access to the settlements of the Danube Delta and the capital municipality
of the county, which results in the isolation of the settlements, difficult sale of local products and
decline of the tourist potential in the zone. Passenger carrying ships offer daily cruises on the three
branches of the Danube: Chilia, Sf. Gheorghe and Sulina Branches.
The extension and diversification of the relationships among settlements are proposed to be
supported through setting development axes in relation to the transport networks. Secondary axes
are likely to be set in the study zone, in the east of the Danube Delta, in relation to the county and
communal roads and the Sulina Branch: the Tulcea - Chilia Veche and Tulcea - Mahmudia Murighiol, Sulina – Periprava, Sulina – Sfântu Gheorghe local development axes and the TulceaSulina zonal axis.
Limited financial resources have been directed, mainly, to rehabilitate the national road network,
neglecting both value and quality the network of county and communal adjacent roads.
The share of modernized roads in pilot area is low, which has negative consequences for attracting
large territories in productive economic activities, limiting the sale of agricultural products in urban
centres and the possibility that areas with potential in agro-tourism to be drawn into the national
economic circuit.
Almost half of all modernized roads are in an advanced state of degradation due to intensive
exploitation.
Accessibility of rural localities is a major problem and constant over time. Relevant indicators to
highlight accessibility consist in the accessibility of communes to the main network of transport
respectively location on a DN or CF of the communes and viability of communal and county roads
that provide the link between towns, link to the major transport network, access of population to
facilities and services. For these reasons, the situation of accessibility in rural area is vital to its
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chances of development.
Accessibility Centres
Border crossing points (according to Government Decision nr.896/20.08.2008)
Border points of small traffic
Tulcea County: Isaccea, Chilia Veche, Plauru, Periprava
Ports
For passengers: Sulina, Tulcea.
Industrial: Sulina, Tulcea.
Crossings by type of transport
Ports: Chilia Veche, Plauru, Periprova.
Inland transport
Airports: Tulcea.
Ports: Tulcea, Sulina
1.5.3. Info -communications
The area is served by the optical fiber main line Brăila-Tulcea-Babadag-Năvodari-Constanţa. In all
the towns in the area there is fix telephone network, the phoning degree varying between 24,1 % in
Tulcea municipality and 0,2 % in Pardina commune.
Main fix phone operator is ROMTELECOM, but during the last years other fix phone operators
interfered, especially in Tulcea city, as RCS&RDS and UPC.
The urban towns and also some of the rural ones are endowed with digital phone units. The
communes I.C. Bratianu, Pardina and Ceatalchioi have not their own phone unit.
The state of the phone subscribers in the Danube Delta area:
Town
Municipality
Tulcea
Town of Sulina
Somova
Murighiol
Nufăru
Mahmudia
Bestepe
Sf. Gheorghe
Crişan
Maliuc
C.A. Rosetti
Chilia Veche
Pardina
Ceatalchioi
Fix phone subscribers
number
of 22394
981
214
372
53
420
n/a
190
300
101
170
129
1
4
Weight of fix
phone (%)
24,1
20,7
4,8
10,3
2,2
8,5
n/a
20,1
21,5
10
15,6
5
0,2
0,6
Source: PATZ-Coastal Area
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The area is 100 % covered by the main mobile phone companies, Vodafone, Orange and Cosmote.
The communication infrastructure has a very well developed infrastructure in the town of Tulcea
due to the accelerated development of the communication fields caused by the introduction and
promotion of new products and services. The highest development rate was registered by the
Internet and mobile phones services. The segment of data transmission is extremely dynamic, in
general its development being also linked to the Internet access expanding; nevertheless the
penetration of those services is still low in the area.
People living in this area benefits from Internet broadband access, the cover being in Tulcea town
of around 70 %. In the same time, Tulcea city and the communes C.A.Rosetti, Chilia Veche,
Crişan, Mahmudia, Somova are included by the national “Biblionet” Programe, assuring Internet
centers for public.
There are also cable broadcast television services.
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1.5.4. Living Quality
1.5.4.1. Water Management
The study area includes the following territorial-administrative units: Tulcea City, the town of
Sulina and the communes of Beştepe, C. A. Rosetti, Ceatalchioi, Chilia Veche, Crişan, Mahmudia,
Maliuc, Murighiol, Nufărul, Pardina, Sfântu Gheorghe, Samova.
The water supply and sewerage in the area are provided as follows:
Water supply
All territorial-administrative units, except for the communes of Ceatalchioi and C. A. Rosetti, have
a central system of water supply.
In Tulcea city, the system supplies water to approx. 88,680 inhabitants, i.e. 96% of the total
population of the city. The overall consumption of water in 2009 was 81.5 m3 per capita. The
system sources are surface water (the Danube River) and groundwater (groups of drilled wells in
Bogza).
The surface water is located upstream of the city and the drinking water comes from water
catchments in four cribs. The group of wells collecting underground water comprise 8 wells, of
which only 4 are functional. Two culverts are used to pump the water from the catching: they have
a diameter of Dn = 1,000 mm and a length of 6.0 km. Currently only one culvert is operating.
The overall capacity of the surface water treatment plant was 43,600 m3 a day, in 2009. The plant is
obsolete and inefficient; the loss of industrial water is 25% of the input water. The water quality at
the outlet of the treatment plant is adequate but until reaching the consumers its quality deteriorates,
because the pipes are old and deteriorated.
Drinking water is stored in concrete tanks with capacities of 3,500 m3 to 5,000 m3 (elevation +70), a
tank of 5,000 m3 (elevation +110), 3 × 500 m3 tanks (plant 12 NDS), 1 × 1,500 m3 tank (plant 14
NDS).
The length of the water supply network is 162.26 km; the water losses throughout the network are
about 52%. 43.22 km of water pipes are under construction, an investment project financed by the
SOP Environment Cohesion Fund.
The town of Sulina has a central system of water supply. 3,850 inhabitants, i.e. about 88% of the
total population of the city are connected to the water supply system. The water source is the Sulina
branch of the Danube River. The water treatment plant has a capacity of 80.8 m3 / h. The water is
stored in a half-buried tank with a capacity of 600 m3 and a 300 m3 water tower, which are both in
good condition.
The drinking water supply network has a length of 42km, and the total length of the streets supplied
with drinking water is of 31.4 km. The water supply coverage is 89.7%. Because of the obsolete
pipes, water losses reach about 63.2% of the water input in the network. The water supply system of
the city is subject to expanding works financed from cohesion funds.
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Generally, the communes in the study area have water supply systems, especially the commune seat
villages. Water supply in these communes is shown in the table below:
Commune
No. of inhabitants
connected to water
supply
Amount of water
(thou. m3/an)
Amount of supplied
water
(thou. m3/an)
Water pipes length
(km)
1,060
401.5
72
16.2
C. A. Rosetti
-
-
-
-
Ceatalchioi
-
-
-
-
2,500
315.4
149
35
487
109.5
40
11.4
2,557
365
290
19.2
286
233.6
16
2.7
Murighiol
3,647
171.2
98
44.5
Nufăru
2,222
569.4
15
31.7
Pardina
712
481.8
30
5.8
Sf. Gheorghe
971
630.7
90
11.5
Somova
4,287
929.7
93
27.8
TOTAL
18,729
4,207.8
893
205.8
Beştepe
Chilia Veche
Crişan
Mahmudia
Maliuc
Source: Dobrogea - Litoral Water Basin Administration, Tulcea County Council, years 2009, 2010
At present, expansion and rehabilitation works on the water supply system are under development
in all communes, except for the commune of C.A. Rosetti.
Sewage collection system
No territorial-administrative unit in the study area has central sewerage system that includes both
collecting sewers and treatment plant. Tulcea city and the communes of Mahmudia, Maliuc and
Murighiol have only collecting sewers. A system of sewers and treatment plant is under
construction in the communes of Crisan, Sf. Gheorghe and the town of Sulina
Tulcea city has a separate sewers system. The sewerage system has a length of 96.3 km. 62,620
inhabitants are connected to the sewer network. Sewage is pumped through five pumping stations
and discharged into two main collectors with a diameter of 1000 mm each; from here, sewage is
discharged into the Danube River, downstream from the built area of the city.
Tulcea city has no wastewater treatment plant; sewage is discharged untreated directly into the
Danube River.
The main deficiencies of the water supply systems and wastewater collection and treatment are:
• the underground water source in Tulcea city is inefficient, being operated at half its capacity;
• the sewage treatment system of the city is old and inefficient, with losses of water of about 25%
of the overall amount of water;
• the water supply pipes are old, with large losses of treated water that totalize about 52% of the
overall amount of the input water;
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• the quality of drinking water in the supply system is harmed because the water pipes exceeded
their working life;
• a large number of water pipe channels are undersized, clogged/broken, crumbling, with
significant infiltration and seepage;
• leaky pipe connections in manholes lead to sewage spills;
• the low area of the city is facing many problems: the inability to rapidly and completely
discharge the rain water in flood conditions caused by rainfall in excess of the sized flow of the
pipes; that leads to water ponding on the streets and adjacent areas;
• advanced state of degradation of storm water pump stations;
• lack of a wastewater treatment plant;
• insufficient human and material resources to ensure proper operation;
• the communes in the study area lack sewerage system and sewage treatment.
Existing strategies aimed at improving the systems of water supply, sewerage and waste water
treatment in the area have as major objectives:
• to eliminate all sources of pollution of surface waters by means of sewerage systems and
wastewater treatment in all human settlements located in the area;
• to extend centralized services with major impact on the health and living standards of
population, as well as water supply and sewerage systems, and to increase the access of the
population to such services;
• to reduce drinking water losses and to cover the water demand in all urban and rural settlements
in the study area by identifying new sources of water;
• to expand and rehabilitate drinking water supply and sewage treatment plants in the city of
Tulcea;
•
to complete the wastewater treatment plant in Tulcea city.
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1.5.4.2. Public utility supply - The Power Supply
The area concerned by the Pilot Project “DELTAS’ covers 14 towns situated on the way of the
Danube river: the municipality of Tulcea, town of Sulina and the communes Ceatalchioi, Bestepe,
Somova, Nufăru, Mahmudia, Maliuc, Pardina, Chilia Veche, Crişan, Murighiol, Sfântu Gheorghe
and C.A. Rosetti.
The supplying with heat energy
For now, within the concerned territory the centralized supply with heat energy systems (SACET)
have an extremely poor representation, being present only in Tulcea city.
In Tulcea city, most of the heat energy consumers living in blockhouses are connected to the
heating system fed by the Heat Energy Plant within S.C. ALUM S.A (the alumina plant), managed
by S.C. ACET S.A. which starting from 2007 is running on natural gas.
The town heat energy distribution and supplying is centralized assured by SC ENERGOTERM SA,
a unit subordinated to the Tulcea Local Council. For now, 70 % of the municipality housings are
connected to the centralized system of heat energy supply. SC ENERGOTERM SA is operating
three heating plants. According to the data supplied by the National Regulatory Authority for the
Community Services of Public Utilities - A.N.R.S.C. the company is serving 10.742 apartments. An
other economical operator of heat energy supplying is S.C. DALKIA SRL România, Tulcea branch,
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operating 14 residential district heating plants running both on liquid fuel and also on pit gas and
serving 4.320 apartments (according to ANRSC).
The number of the apartments connected to the heat energy supply system evolved so:
Year
SACET connected dwellings number
in Tulcea
2008
13585
2009
13367
2010
14792
Source: ANRSC
The centralized distribution system is structured in two main compartments: the primary supplying
network (assuring the transmission of the primary thermal carrier) and the secondary network
assuring the supplying of the hot water.
The education institutions in the city are endowed with their own heating plants, a number of 18
plants, most of them running on liquid fuel.
The heat energy volume supplied in Tulcea registered a slow decline during the last years due to the
disconnection of some consumers, especially to the consumption decreasing based on the set-up of
the registering temperature devices for the heating appliances and the temperature switch ovens
that may be leading to a mitigation of heat consumption by
20 … 25 %. This decreasing is
presented by the bellow table:
Year
Supplied heat energy (Gcal)
2006
117014
2007
111683
2008
114940
2009
113887
Sursa: INS- Baza de date TEMPO
Around 5 % of the population in Tulcea is still connected to the district plants partially running on
light liquid fuel torches, which have been already began to be replaced by natural gas burners.
After the beginning of town natural gas supplying, many beneficiaries of the centralized systems of
heat energy supplying have been disconnected and they set up their own apartment heating units.
In Sulina town, after the centralized supplying system for heat energy has been abandoned, the main
heat source are the wood stoves, but there are social/cultural buildings and dwellings using heating
units running on wood, electric calorifiers, and even stove gas cylinders, set up to the apartment
heating micro-units.
In the other towns, for heating the individual houses buildings and social-cultural buildings are used
terracotta, bricks fireplaces, or heating units running on solid fuel: wood, coal, or various vegetal
wastes. The use of the solid fuels has still a negative impact on the environment by the forests
cuttings, environmental pollution, etc.
During the last years in the Tulcea municipality heating network vindication and modernization
projects have been developed having in view to increase the energetic efficiency of the centralized
heating supplying system of the town.
Concerning the fireplaces or heating units heating, the main problem is the fuel providing (wood,
coal) or gas cylinders, the supplying of the towns located in the Danube Delta being very difficult
during the winter.
Natural gas supplying
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The natural gas supplying is developed in Tulcea (in a proportion of around 10%) by connecting the
high pressure natural gas transmission line pipe with ND 600 mm crossing Tulcea County.
The supplied natural gas volume significantly increased each year, especially the volume supplied
for housings, as it can be seen in the data presented below:
Year
Total natural gas volume supplied
(thousands of m³)
natural gas supplied for housings
(thousands of m³)
2006
2007
2008
2009
13671
19962
23610
29018
181
497
1122
1573
Source: INS- TEMPO Data Base
The other towns from Danube Delta included in this project are not connected to the natural gas
supplying network, the heating being developed using wood (in fireplaces, terracotta fireplaces,
heating units running on wood) or electric power (electric calorifiers, radiators).
Taking into consideration the concerned area specificity, where the water areas covers a large part
of the territory, the ground water can be found in some areas at 0,5 m underground, while the access
roads towards towns where if roads do exist is rather precarious, is difficult to expand the natural
gas transmission network toward the majority of the Danube Delta towns, especially in the studied
towns.
The electric power supplying
The electrical power requested by the domestic and industrial consumers and also by the third
sector users in the area is supplied by the National Energetic System. It is diffused to the territory
consumers through the high (220 kV, 110 kV) and medium (20 kV) voltage transport electrical
lines, and also by the conversion stations and units.
The main transmission lines in the area are SEL 400 kV West Tulcea – North Constanţa and West
Tulcea – Isaccea. The distribution networks on 110 kV in the area are SEL on the route Tulcea –
Sarinasuf – Crişan – Sulina, West Tulcea – Fântânele – North – Constanţa and West Tulcea Isaccea.
The conversion plants serving the area studied by the project are the following: Tulcea West
400/110/20 kV, Sarinasuf 110/20 kV, Crişan 110/20 kV, Sulina 110/20 kV.
Tulcea is also served by more 5 conversion plants: Tulcea Town -110/6 kV, Tulcea East – 110/20/6
kV, Shipbuilding Yard – 110/6 kV, Alumina – 110/6 kV and Ferro - alloys – 110/6 kV.
The average voltage distribution networks in town developed before 1980 are running at 6 kV
voltage, the latest ones have a working voltage of 20 kV. The town of Sulina and the other towns
are supplied by the 20 kV SEL connected to the conversion units located in the area.
In 2002, the last Population and Housings Census identified the following dwellings electrification
state in the area:
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Town
Tulcea
Sulina
Bestepe
C.A. Rosetti
Ceatalchioi
Chilia Veche
Crişan
Mahmudia
Maliuc
Murighiol
Nufăru
Pardina
Sfântu Gheorghe
Somova
Number of electrified
housings
31259
1773
n/a
661
348
1068
773
1788
437
1517
970
357
654
1651
Weight of electrified
housings (%)
99,4
98,0
n/a
91,8
83,7
93,5
94,0
95,0
95,4
96,4
96,2
91,5
97,5
95,1
Source: 2002 Census of Population and Housings
The area towns are supplied by medium voltage lines 20 kV SEL from the West Tulcea station
(towns of Somova, Nufăru, Bestepe, Maliuc, Ceatalchioi and Pardina), Sarinauf station (Mahmudia,
Murighiol) and Crişan (Sulina, Crişan, C.A. Rosetti and Chilia Veche) and in the present all are
nearly completely electrified.
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Renewable energies
The territorial distribution of the renewable energies shows that the Danube Delta over which the
studied area is superposed, has a high potential of both solar and Aeolian power.
According to the solar and Aeolian energetic potential map, the Danube Delta is a beneficial area
for the solar energy use, based on the solar potential map being included in the area I of solar
radiation (according to the zoning developed by ICPE and ANM), enjoying a solar radiation
intensity of over 1350 kWh/m²/yar.
The use of the solar power can be achieved at the beginning for preparing the domestic hot water
during the summer, following that later, when practice is gained, other uses are to be approached:
spaces heating, and also the electric power production, so that the premises for ecologic tourism
will be developed.
Concerning the Aeolian power, in the Danube Delta the location of Aeolian turbines is optimal, as
here the wind velocity varies between 4,5 and 10 m/s, meaning the recommended level for energetic
purposes. In fact, the Aeolian energy started to be used in the area by locating in August 2007 3
turbines of 750 kW in the Valea Nucărilor (Razelm), situated nearby the Southern side of the
concerned area.
Nevertheless, when locating the Aeolian parks the issues concerning the area biodiversity (there are
32 protected areas according to the Law 5/2000 and GD 2151/2004) and the landscape value have
to be considered. For avoiding the environmental damages impact assessment studies are requested.
Such a study has been developed by the “Institute for Energetic Studies and Designs” Bucharest
(ISPE) for the Aeolian park of Valea Nucarilor.
Within the context of the studied territory, the solar and Aeolian power and biomass exploitation
can be viable solutions for the power production, as the area has a significant potential for the solar,
Aeolian power production and in a lower extent for biomass. According to the maps developed for
Romania, the distribution of each potential for the Southern territory may be noticed, including the
studied area.
Map of the solar potential in
Romania
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SOLAR RADIATION AREA SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY (kWh/m²/year)
I
> 1350
II
1300 – 1350
III
1250 – 1300
IV
1200 – 1250
V
< 1200
Source : ICPE, ANM, ICEMENERG 2006studies
The map of the Aeolian potential of Romania presenting the average annual velocities calculated at
50 m high over the ground.
Source: ANM, ICEMENERG
The Aeolian potential of the area may be used, as according to the above map, the wind velocity is
4 – 6 m/s, level making the wind exploitation as energetic resource profitable.
As far as the biomass is concerned, it may be used for heating especially in the rural towns,
containing fire wood and agriculture wastes, considered a recoverable energetic resource.
According to this hypothesis, the estimated biomass potential that can be used in Tulcea county
where the concerned area is located, according to the NLI data, is of 867,8,9 TJ, of which 1,76 % is
forestry and 98,24 % agriculture biomass.
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1.6. SPATIAL STRUCTURE
1.6.1. Sistem of settlements
•
General Features of the Study Zone
The study zone covers a territory of the Danube Delta, included from an administrative point of
view into the Tulcea County. The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve is a complex zone in terms of
both the natural heritage and the numerous anthropic influences exerted by social, cultural, local
and central administrative groups through their strategies and actions.
The tourism potential is mainly determined by the elements of the natural environment, which,
through their harmonious combination, contribute to the great variety and originality of the
landscape. The anthropic potential, concentrated in the main tourist sites of the zone, results from
the integration of the built-up elements into the cultural landscapes: the Sulina Zone (the Sulina
Municipality, the Crisan and C.A. Rosetti Communes); the Mahmudia Zone (the Mahmudia and
Murighiol Communes); the Tulcea Municipality Zone;
In 2010, the population of the zone totalled 118,224 inhabitants and the total surface area of the
zone was 682,307 ha. The proportion of the surface areas and the number of inhabitants of each of
the 14 constituent administrative territorial units of the study zone are shown in the table below:
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Name of the administrative
territorial unit
Tulcea Municipality
Sulina Town
Beştepe Commune
C.A. Rosetti Commune
Ceatalchioi Commune
Chilia Veche Commune
Crişan Commune
Mahmudia Commune
Maliuc Commune
Murighiol Commune
Nufăru Commune
Pardina Commune
Sfântu Gheorghe Commune
Somova Commune
Total per zone
Surface area
(ha)
%
Population
Number of
inhabitants
%
17,724
33,196
6,423
26,636
8,047
53,358
38,237
6,369
26,373
84,046
5,767
30,633
60,576
14,922
4.3
8.1
1.5
6.5
2.0
13.0
9.3
1.5
6.3
20.4
1.4
7.4
14.7
3.6
90,553
4,308
1,930
927
756
2,402
1,307
2,810
974
3,547
2,575
605
833
4,697
76.6
3.6
1.6
0.8
0.6
2.0
1.1
2.4
0.8
3.1
2.2
0.5
0.7
4.0
412,307
100.0
118.224
100.0
Density
Number of
inhabitants per
sq. km
510.9
13.0
30.0
3.5
9.4
4.5
3.4
44.1
3.7
4.3
44.6
2.0
1.4
31.5
28.7
Source: INSSE (National Institute of Statistics) - TEMPO online, 2010; A Guide to Mayorships
The population density in the study zone is 28.7 inhabitants per sq. km, which is smaller than that of
the Tulcea County (34.6 inhabitants per sq. km). The explanation is the delta specific features of the
zone.
A survey of the population density of each administrative territorial unit points to an agglomeration
of the population in the Tulcea Municipality accounting for 510.9 inhabitants per sq. km. By
contrast, the Sulina Town has the smallest population density, its density being even smaller than
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that of many rural settlements: 13.0 inhabitants per sq. km. The population density of most
communes is much smaller than the average population density per zone, with the exception of the
Samova, Nufăru, Mahmudia and Beştepe Communes.
•
The Structure and Hierarchy of the Settlements
In comply with the Law 2/1968 on the administrative and territorial structure of the country,
republished in 1981, and its subsequent amendments, the administrative hierarchy of the Romanian
network of settlements includes urban settlements – municipalities and towns; rural settlements –
villages.
The administrative and territorial structure of the study zone per administrative-territorial unit
indicates the following:
• 1 municipality: Tulcea (constituent settlement Tudor Vladimirescu)
• 1 town: Sulina
• 12 communes:
- Beştepe Commune – constituent villages: Beştepe, Băltenii de Sus, Băltenii de Jos;
- C.A. Rosetti Commune – constituent villages : C.A. Rosetti, Letea Periprava,
Sfiştofca, Cardon;
- Ceatalchioi Commune- constituent villages: Ceatalchioi, Pătlăgeanca, Plauru,
Sălceni;
- Chilia Veche Commune - constituent villages: Chilia Veche, Câşliţa, Tatanir,
Ostrovu Tătaru;
- Crişan Commune - constituent villages: Crişan, Caraorman, Mila 23;
- Mahmudia Commune – constituent village: Mahmudia;
- Maliuc Commune – constituent villages: Maliuc, Ilganii de Sus, Gorgova, Partizani,
Vulturu;
- Murighiol Commune – constituent villages: Murighiol, Colina, Dunavăţu de Jos,
Dunavăţu de Sus, Plopul, Sarinasuf, Uzlina;
- Nufăru Commune – constituent villages: Nufăru, Ilganii de Jos, Malcoci, Victoria;
- Pardina Commune – constituent village: Pardina;
- Sfântu Gheorghe Commune – constituent village: Sfântu Gheorghe;
- Somova Commune – constituent villages: Somova, Mineri, Parcheş.
In the analysis of the settlement network structure, rank-size distribution of urban and rural
settlements is a basic characteristic, with a particular importance in geographical research and
spatial organization.
The rank-size distribution of the settlements in the pilot zone indicates the following:
Rank order of settlements
by population size
20,001 – 100,000
Number of settlements
total
urban
rural
1
1
-
Number of inhabitants
total
in urban
settlements
90,553
90,553
in rural
settlements
-
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2,001 –
5,000
6
1
5
20,339
4,308
16,031
1,000 –
2,000
2
-
2
3,237
-
3,237
Less than
1,000
5
-
5
4,095
-
4,095
14
2
12
118,224
94,861
Total per zone
23,363
Source of data: INSEE - The National Institute of Statistics, TEMPO – online, 2010
As concerns the rank-size distribution of urban settlements, this depends on the demographic and
functional characteristics of the settlements and their territorial organization. The rank size
distribution depends on the settlement population size. The Romanian settlement geography accepts
the following rank-size distribution of urban settlements: small towns, less than 20,000 people,
average towns where the population varies between 20,000 and 100,000 people and large towns
with more than 100,000 people.
Thus, in the study zone, in 2010, the Tulcea Municipality ranked among the average towns by its
number of inhabitants with 90,553 people and the Sulina Town ranked among the small towns with
4,308 people.
Besides towns, a commune is a basic unit of the administrative territorial organization of the
country. The rural settlements of the study zone consisting of 40 villages are contained in 12
communes. Their survey indicates that there is an equal share between the communes with a
population varying between 5,000 and 10,000 people and those communes with less than 1,000
people including 5 communes each and accounting for 42% of the total population of the study
zone. In the study zone the urban population prevails, concentrated in the Tulcea Municipality and
accounting for 80% of the total population.
The rank-size distribution of settlements in the study zone is based on the Law 351/2001 on the
approval of the Spatial Planning of the National Territory – Section IV – Settlement Network,
whereby the operational hierarchy of urban and rural settlements has been set depending on their
importance and territorial role. According to the specified law, there are four ranks of urban
settlements (from 0 to III) and two ranks of rural settlements (IV and V). The situation in the study
zone is as follows:
Urban settlements:
- Rank II: the Tulcea Municipality, seat of the County, a municipality playing a balancing
role in the network of settlements. It mainly fulfils tertiary and secondary functions and it
is the co-ordinating centre of the activities in the zone and an access “gate” to the Danube
Delta.
- Rank III: the Sulina Town, a town with secondary and tertiary functions, fulfilling a
polarizing role for the neighbouring zone to the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve
Rural settlements:
- Rank IV: 12 villages as seats of communes exerting an influence on the constituent
villages, endowed with administrative and social amenities, providing services for all
constituent villages of the respective commune. The Mahmudia Commune plays an intercommunal polarizing role and fulfils tertiary and secondary functions.
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-
Rank V: 28 constituent villages of the communes. For those villages the public or
commercial amenities are dependent on the number of inhabitants.
The communes by the number of employees are divided into the following functional typologies:
prevailing industrial communes – the Mahmudia, Somova and Nufăru Communes; prevailing
trading communes – the Bestepe, C.A.Rosetti, Chilia Veche, Pardina, Sfântu Gheorghe and Valea
Nucarilor Communes; prevailing agricultural commune – the Ceatalchioi Commune; prevailing
forestry commune – the Jurilovca Commune; prevailing fishing commune – the Crişan Commune;
prevailing tourist communes – the Maliuc and Murighiol Communes.
There is a close correlation between the location of the settlements in the space of the zone and their
morpho-structural features – their classification is closely related to their geo-morphological
classification. The river levees determine a particular shape of the settlements and a specific length
of the precincts of the village. In the delta, the buildings occupy the narrow strip of land that
separates the river from the swamp areas of the actual delta, the only flood-free land. Depending on
the general form of the precincts of the villages in the study zone, there are two types of
settlements:
- ‘Row plan’ rural settlements, established as a result of the natural environment and the
local economy of the Danube Delta and the neighbouring zone (Pardina, Nufăru, Malcoci,
Ceatalchioi, Mila 23, C.A. Rosetti, Caraorman, Crişan, Partizani, Gorgova).
- Nucleated rural settlements, with well-defined precincts, a clear cut between the
incorporated and unincorporated areas and a higher density of houses, sited on the
continental levees (Chilia Veche) or the flood-free marine levees (Letea, C.A.Rosetti);
Tourist Attraction Settlements
The study zone is a part of the Danube Delta tourist zone. That zone includes the northern part of
the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve with its hydrographic channels, the transport trails of the
cruise tourism. The types of tourism available are as follows: science tourism, children and youth
tourism, fishing tourism and hunting tourism. Ship departure points can be developed in the
settlements on the banks of the Danube branches: the Tulcea, Sulina, Sf. Gheorghe Branches.
Settlements proposed to be further developed as tourism destinations: Tulcea Municipality (transit
tourism, business tourism, cruise tourism on the Danube, itinerant tourism for cultural purposes,
science tourism); the Sulina Town (rest and leisure tourism, itinerant tourism for cultural purposes,
science tourism, marine heliotherapy, hunting tourism, fishing tourism, water-based tourism); the
Crişan Village (rest and leisure tourism); the Ilgani, Mila 23 Communes (hunting tourism and
fishing tourism); the Sfântu Gheorghe Commune (marine heliotherapy, rural tourism); the Crişan
Commune (hunting tourism and fishing tourism, rural tourism, rest and leisure tourism, waterbased tourism); the Maliuc Commune (rest and leisure tourism, water-based tourism); the
Mahmudia, Murighiol, Chilia, Pardina, Uzlina, Periprava, Crişan, Sfîntu Gheorghe,
Caraorman Communes (rural tourism).
Public Amenities with Territorial Servicing Role
Education
In 2009 (National Institute of Statistics, Tempo - online), the educational institutions by instruction
level in the study zone were as follows:
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-
-
-
Early childhood education: the Tulcea Municipality – 3 educational establishments
Primary and secondary school education: the Tulcea Municipality – 10 educational
establishments, the Bestepe, C.A.Rosetti, Ceatalchioi, Chilia Veche, Crişan, Mahmudia,
Maliuc, Nufăru, Pardina, Sfântu Gheorghe and Somova Communes – 1 educational
establishment each.
High school education: the Tulcea Municipality – 12 educational establishments, the
Sulina Town – 1 educational establishment, the Mahmudia Commune – 1 educational
establishment
Post high school education: the Tulcea Municipality – 1 educational establishment
Health Care
-
Health care establishments by categories:
Hospitals: the Tulcea Municipality – 1 hospital
Ambulatory care facilities: the Tulcea Municipality – 2 outpatient facilities;
Dental care offices: the Tulcea Municipality – 60 offices, the Sulina Town – 2 offices, the
Mahmudia Commune – office, the Murighiol Commune – 1 office
Health care centres: the Sulina Town – 1 health care centre
Pharmacies: the Tulcea Municipality – 38 pharmacies, the Sulina Town – 2 pharmacies,
the Mahmudia Commune – 1 pharmacy, the Murighiol Commune – 1 pharmacy;
Individual family physician offices: the Tulcea Municipality – 43 offices, the Sulina Town
– 2 offices, the Beştepe, C.A.Rosetti, Chilia Veche, Crişan, Mahmudia, Maliuc, Murighiol,
Nufăru, Pardina, Sfântu Gheorghe and Somova Communes – 1 office each.
Culture
- Theatrical and music performance establishments: the Tulcea Municipality – 2
establishments (“Jean Bart” Theatre);
- Museums:
The Tulcea Municipality: the “Delta Dunarii” Museum, the Art Museum, the Museum of
History and Archaeology, the Museum of Ethnography and Popular Art;
The Sulina Town: the “Farul Sulinei” Museum included into the group of ecomuseums.
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1.6.2. Centres of information and ecologic education
In the Tulcea county the following information, documentation, ecological education centres
function:
Tulcea/ the Danube Delta biosphere reservation
administration/ contact person: Cornelia Aftodor
Tulcea/ the Tourist information centre/
contact person: Andreea Sevastian
Crisan/ Tulcea - Centrul de Documentare si Educatie
Ecologica the Documentation and ecologic education
centre/ contact person: Cornelia Aftodor
Sulina/Tulcea/ the Tourist information centre /
contact person: Florin Papadatu
ANTREC Tulcea/ contact person: Gheorghe Silviu
danube.office@danubedelta.org
caftodor@ddbra.ro
www.ddbra.ro
tourisminfo_tulcea@yahoo.com
caftodor@ddbra.ro
www.ddbra.ro
tulcea@antrec.ro
The following tourist information and ecologic education centres will be opened in the Danube
Delta:
- the Sf. Gheorghe information centre;
- the Uzlina information centre;
- the Istria information centre – in the technical project stage – developing;
- Chilia Veche - developing execution, final term 02.01.2012
- Caraorman, the project contract is finalised, but because of the lack of funds the starting of
the works has been postponed;
- Murighiol, term 30.01.2011, 90% realised, the receipt of the work must be done;
- delays for the creation of the centre because of the entry into the land register of the field
on which the investment is executed.
1.7. SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
There are many politic analyses and documents which determine the policy and tourism
organization in the Danube Delta, which are:
The Strategic plan for the tourism development in Tulcea county;
The Action plan of ARBDD (the Danube Delta biosphere reservation association) to reach the
management objectives (2008-2012) – D theme – Tourism and recreation (the implementation
of the ecotourism certifying system, ecotourism mapping, behaviour code, etc) and the E
theme – Cultural patrimony (the promotion of traditional usages, the urbanism plan, etc);
The National master-plan of tourism development in Romania 2007-2026;
The National strategy of environment protection;
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The National strategy for Sustainable development;
The Regional operational programme;
The 21 Local Agenda – The action plan for a sustainable development of the Tulcea county;
Other activities included in the developing projects.
1.8. INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC (LOCAL)
1.8.1. Business sector
The business sector represents the main economic engine for territorial development. An overall
description of the sector, takes into account parameters such as employment situation and turnover
of the firms in 2009, being the most recent period identified within aforementioned sources.
Danube Delta study area comprises a number of 3899 firms in 2009, from this number only 4
percents represented at that time firms with foreign capital.
Graphic
Share of firms and firms with foreign capital in Tulcea Area in 2009
Source – BorgDesign Database
The share of foreign capital firms in the study area indicates a thin economic attractiveness for
outsourcing or other type of foreign investments. The graphic aforementioned shows in variable
values the situation of this indicator.
Regional context
In extended context, Danube Delta Area is part of the Southeast development region. Therefore we
believe is important to highlight for a better view of the territorial development, the economic
performance of this region in terms of GDP per inhabitant in current market prices and also as share
in the European and national average.
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Table - Situation of GDP/inhabitant in Southwest and Southeast Regions
2008
Region
GDP/inhabitant (euro)
Share of E.U average
Southeast
5400
21,5
6500
Romania
Source – EUROSTAT
25,9
The European GDP average in current market prices in 2008 was 25100 euro/inhabitant, a value
bigger then Southeast region as it can be observed in the table abovementioned. The share of
Southeast region is far below 75% of E.U average GDP, value considered the inferior limit of
economic development on communitarian figures. This situation shows deep territorial disparities
European level and clearly motivates this projects purpose.
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1.8.2. Governance
The governance in the Study Area is structured base with the fundamental rules of local autonomy,
decentralization of public services, eligibility of local authorities, legality and population
consultation in solving local issues.
Local autonomy gives local authorities the right to solve and manage, in the name and interest of
local communities which they represent, public works accordingly with existing lows and
regulations.
The right to manage public works is in title to Local Councils and Mayors at local level and to
county councils at county level as persons elected through universal, equal, directly, secretly, freely
expressed vote right.
Local autonomy is only executive and financial, being exerted upon and within the limits prescribed
by law and refers to organization, operation, capabilities and duties and also refers to managing
local resources that by law belong to the village, town or county.
In order to ensure local autonomy the authorities have the right to establish and collect local taxes,
to develop and approve budgets and to manage public services.
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Public services of the village or town are established and organized by the local council in the main
areas of activity, according to the specific local needs and the existing law, regulations and
available funds.
Capabilities and duties are established only by low; they are fully and exclusive, excepting other
cases provided also by low.
Local autonomy gives public authorities the right, low limited, to make decision and take actions in
all fields, by way of exception the cases which make express duty of other public authorities.
Towns, cities and counties are public legal persons. They have their own assets and full legal
capacity.
Relationships between local public authorities in villages and cities and public county authorities
are based on the principles of autonomy, legality, responsibility, cooperation and solidarity in
solving problems through the entire county. There are no relations of subordination between local
authorities and County Council and neither between Local Council and the Mayor. In that reason
decision making process at local level respects the principle of subsidiary in exercising the powers
and duties established by low.
1.9. FINANCIAL STRUCTURE
1.9.1. Territorial development sources and institutions
In line with the national economic policy, municipalities, cities and counties are entitled to their
own resources, which local authorities manage according to their duties under the law.
Financial resources of local authorities are proportionate to the power and responsibilities give by
the low.
Financial structure supporting local economic development is represented first by City Halls whom
dispose of local budgets. These budgets are composed from several kinds of financial sources such
as:
-
allocation from state budget;
-
own financing through local taxation and charges (main source);
-
donations and sponsorships;
-
production or commercial activities by exploring public domain.
Another development source can be the state budget itself if the national development policy
considers some strategic investments important to be placed on the administrative territory of the
study area.
A very important financial opportunity that local communities are in title to access are the
Communitarian financial funds, as all Romanian territory is eligible for financing projects through
European Union’s Financial Instruments – Structural and Cohesion Funds.
It ought to mention that Romanian territory subscribes to the objective convergence of E.U
development policy for economic and social cohesion, having all its regions GDP/habitant under
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75% below E.U average. Regions can also obtain financial support under the objective of European
territorial cooperation.
European Union politics for economic and social cohesion aims to reduce disparities between its
regions and states, to make a functional common market and to promote a sustainable future
development.
Financial allocation can be approach by any local communities, companies, SMM, groups of
producers accordingly with guiding lines stipulated by National Strategic Framework 2007-2013
and National Development Plan 2007-2013.
Complementary financial assistance is available through European Rural Development Plan. The
guiding lines eligible within this financial instrument are stipulated in the National Strategic Plan
for Rural Development 2007-2013.
The business sector has opportunities for direct financing through the following Operational
Programs: “Increase of Economic Competition “, “Human Resource Development” and “Regional”.
Financial opportunities particularly for tourism activities can be approach through:
-
Regional Operational Program 2007-2013 – Priority Axis 5 ”Sustainable development
an promotion of tourism”;
-
National Rural Development Program 2007-2013 – Priority Axis 3 “Improvement of
live quality in rural areas and diversification of rural economy”
Institutional structures responsible with the management and monitoring process of the structural
and cohesion funds are the Managing Authorities such as;
-
for the Regional Operational Program – the Ministry of Regional Development and
Tourism;
-
for the Operational Programs “Increase of Economic Competition “ - the Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Business Environment;
-
for the Operational Program „Human Resource Development” – the Ministry of Work,
Family and Social Protection;
-
for the National Rural Development Program – the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development
Structural and cohesion funds represent a great financial opportunity for the municipalities in the
study area especially considering the fact that there is no reimbursement in line with accessing those
types of funds, but only a small contribution and in some cases either.
Other potential financial source for economic development of the municipalities in the study area is
the banking system.
In the study area there have been identified 21 branch banks in Tulcea City. The database doesn’t
offer information about banks agencies which may be more often met in the study area.
Nevertheless, there were not available information about investments credit attraction by SMM’s or
corporate at this level.
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1.9.2. Effectiveness
In Danube Delta Area there has been identified several kind of projects, some financed through
European funds, some by the state budget and some by the local budget, such as:
Projects accomplished with European financing:
- In Murighiol municipality – “Modernization of access to the tourist area, Murighiol -Uzlina-
Dunavăţ - Lake Razim”;
- In Sulina and Crisan municipality as part in the project– “Rehabilitation / reconstruction of
five (5) schools in Tulcea County, in localities affected by floods in 2005”
Projects accomplished with state budget funding:
- County
Council
along
with
Local
Council
„Visterna village water supply, village Sarichioi”.
of
Sarichioi
municipality
Projects accomplished with local budget funding:
- County Council - “Rehabilitation DJ 222, Jurilovca - Two Cantons km 47 400-55 100”
Ongoing projects with European funding:
- County Council - “Recovery of Tulcea County monasteries through the improvement of
transport access and environmental factors”;
•
“Restoration and rehabilitation of two heritage
Tulcea included in regional tourism circuits”;
•
“Development of electronic services for the citizens and business in the county of
Tulcea”;
•
„Modern methods for rural employment”;
buildings in the
city
of
Ongoing projects with state budget funding:
- County Council along with Local Council of Sfantu Gheorghe municipality – „Miniport in
the area of Sfantu Gheorghe”;
- County Council along with Local Council of Sulina town – „Arranging beach Sulina”;
- County Council along with Local Council of Crisan municipality – „Construction of the
sewerage system and central wastewater treatment station in the village of Crisan”;
- County Council along with Local Council of Murighiol municipality – “Construction of
the sewerage system and central wastewater treatment station in the area Murighiol”;
- County Council along with Local Council of Mahmudia municipality – “Construction of
the sewerage system and central wastewater treatment station in the area Mahmudia”;
- County Council – „Integrated waste management in the localities in the Danube Delta”;
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- County
Council along with Local Council of Jurilovca
supply”, village Visina, Jurilovca municipality;
- County Council along with Local Council of Bestepe
supply”, village Băltenii de Sus, Bestepe municipality;
- County Council along with Local Council of Sarichioi
supply”, village Sabangia, Sarichioi municipality.
municipality
„Water
municipality
„Water
municipality
„Water
The inventory of effectiveness for financing structure meant for local development shows an active
involvement of Tulcea County Council in different projects along with the engagement of local
councils comprise in the study area. The information we were able to consult regarding local
development projects and sources for funding, revealed more projects then above mentioned for
Tulcea County, but those projects overcome the limits of our study area. This situation place
Tulcea’s study area in a good perspective for future development.
1.10. CONFLICT AREAS
1.10.1. General evaluation tourism – environment conflict in the Danube Delta biosphere
reservation
The current evolution of tourism is based on a renewal of the tourist offer and by developing a new
series of tourist products and services. The Danube Delta is known as a wet area that represents an
ecologic unique area for Europe and for the whole category of delta-like ecosystems in the world.
The Danube has been creating, for more than 12.000 years, one of the most representative and
beautiful deltas in Europe and even in the world. Although being the second, on our continent, as
dimension (after the delta of river Volga) and the 20th in the world, it is remarked by the landscape
richness and fauna (the avifauna occupies the most important place). The Danube Delta presents a
very special interest from the scientific point of view, being a true mosaic of biotopes lying in a
valuable coherent ecologic complex 1. Its value is expressed by:
Scientific ‚reservoir’ of great importance by the great number of land and water species,
3,4% of all in the world;
Generator of economically exploitable biologic resources – agriculture lands, wood, reed,
fish;
The existence of some economic areas of 306.100 ha (52,8%) of the total of RBDD;
A natural bio-filter for the river waters before it flows directly in the Black Sea;
Territory for the migration of several bird species between Europe, Asia and Africa;
Resource of landscape with aesthetic and recreational role;
Area of great fishy and cynegetic interest for local people and tourists;
Territory with the greatest ethnic variety – 21 nationalities;
Important component of the national and international 2 natural and cultural patrimony.
The more intensive exploitation of the Danube Delta in the last 50 years has determined a series of
ecologic modifications in time and space. These are more visible in the last 10 years. The decline of
the ecologic equilibrium of the delta is remarked by the reduction of the productive potential of the
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natural land and aquatic ecosystems, the reduction of its economic potential. To these, the more
frequent periods of droughts and floods in the last 15-20 years are added.
The main causes are linked to:
The damming and degradation of the floodable areas;
De-filling some wet areas for the practice of agriculture;
Creating some hydro-technical facilities on the river upstream the delta ;
A rise of pollution of the waters upstream the delta and in its settlements;
An uncontrolled development of navigation on the delta channels;
Legal or illegal exploitation of biologic resources;
Slow process of re-ecologisation of some agriculture lands and fishy areas (ancient lakes
and channels) in order to be re-given to nature;
Tourist activities and uncontrolled tourist flows;
The lack of social protection and fiscal facilities for the inhabitants of the delta, high level of
poverty;
High level of depopulation and low life level in all human settlements;
Effects of the climate changes by the floods and drought intensification.
Tourism has developed in the area of the Danube Delta for almost 50 years, especially during 1970
- 1980. Based on the existing data at the level of the central and local institutions, for the towns
studied, referring to the current level of the tourism development some general dis-functionalities
appeared. These are linked to:
Impact problems for administration and control:
- the local authorities did not respect the ARBDD management plan, this being considered too
restrictive;
- Proposals to extend the surface of the urban areas too much and too fast in comparison to
the delta status of protected area - Ceatalchioi, Beştepe, Murighiol, Uzlina,Maliuc, Vulturu,
Ilganii de Sus, etc;
- Making plans to develop tourism for the 8 tourist areas proposed inside the strategic plan to
develop the sustainable tourism; 3
- Applying strictly the new urbanism regulation which provides the observance of the
requirements for the local architecture and natural materials;
- A great number of current lawsuits (2007-2010) between ARBDD and the persons,
businesses which use illegally the fields in the Danube Delta - Nufăru, Sulina, Murighiol;
- Un-politicizing the capitalization of the delta fields, due to rentals and granting, especially
for the use of the ancient fishy facilities as agriculture lands and for building;
- The transfer of some land areas from the public property, of national interest in the public
area of local interest, to allow great investment projects which can affect the ecologic
equilibrium of Delta-Uzlina;
- Building protection dams and reducing the erosion of banks produced by floods – in 2006
and 2010 in Ceatalchioi, Ilganii de Sus, permanent danger in Crisan;
- Reducing bureaucracy and complicated authorisation procedures in order to facilitate more
the local investments and the possibility to participate for the local population;
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-
The lack of a numerical sufficient personnel and technical facilities for the control of
economic and tourist activities in the delta, in order to prevent pollution, poaching and
applying fines.
Impact problems for the tourism development
- Creating contracts between the travel agencies and tour-operators and ADBDD which
should include the observance of the environment protection requirements and own hired
personnel with good ecological knowledge; 4
- The new urban regulation from 2008 provides that hotels should have maximum 20 rooms
and the motels, villas only 10 rooms, maximum height of 10m, the holiday homes should
not include more than 350 sq.m. 5;
- Creating big tourist complexes affecting the development of tourism at the level of local
households – Somova;
- The existence of a great number of buildings investors and tourism entrepreneurs with
different interests in comparison to the delta towns;
- The lack of a unitary opposition from the NGO-s and local population concerning the
support of local services development, many with a traditional character;
- The great development of tourism holiday homes which do not belong to local inhabitants Crişan, Sf. Gheorghe, Mila 23, Maliuc, Crişan, Sulina and which are not exploited for
tourism;
- An unbalanced development of tourism, with high concentration of boarding houses in the
small towns situated on the Sulina and Sf. Gheorghe channels, respectively in Maliuc,
Crişan, Sf. Gheorghe, Sulina, other towns further than Tulcea, because of the lack of access,
being completely disadvantaged;
- A week capitalization of the cultural objectives for tourism, including the old Dacian,
Roman-Byzantine citadels;
- Practising in many cases, rural tourism, without authorisation and fiscal taxes, unofficially,
especially after 2008, once with the effects of the current economic crisis;
- Using the river transport should be the only form of access in the delta for tourists as the
road forms affect strongly the quality of the environment 6;
- Forbidding the development of tourism to the buffer areas existing and applying some strict
law regulations;
- Tourist activities connected to hunting must be forbidden and accepted only in major cases
of ensuring the trophic equilibrium between species;
- A strict determination of tourist flows in conformity with the support capacity for each of
the 8 tourist areas; 7
Problems of quality of the environment with impact on tourism
- The existence of some abandoned fishy facilities proposed and in process of ecological
reconstruction in Dunavăţ, Holbina I and II, the south part of the Popina area, the Babina,
Cernovca, Fortuna agriculture areas, which did not bring any profit were proposed for
ecological reconstruction and in the Babina, Cernovca, Fortuna, Popina areas, 9395 ha, the
natural typical and wet area like hydrologic, biogeochemical, ecologic natural function will
be remade, being usable for tourism in future; 8
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-
-
-
A chaotic development of real estate business, for lands and houses, the investors do not
respect the minimum ecologic rules - Murighiol, C.A. Rosetti;
Degrading the cultural objectives and losing the cultural identity by the lack of capitalization
and promotion through tourism of the ethnic groups traditions living in the entire delta area;
Using illegally the fields for different vegetal cultures, by the sheep and horse breeders,
without sanitary-veterinary documents at the level of the local mayor offices, with forms of
local pollution, when supplementary tourist activities can be developed here; 9
An incomplete endowment of towns (or a total lack) with supply systems of running water,
sewage, selective waste collection, the villages as village residence being dominant;
The existence of some platforms for collecting waste in Tulcea and Sf. Gheorghe, Sulina and
local in the village residence villages, but the waste should be eliminated completely from
the delta area;
A weak ecologic education of Romanian tourists who leave the waste where they put their
tents;
The lack of some empty wells or incinerators for dead animals in the population’s
households, these being under construction;
The extension of the number of arbours for watching the mammals and birds, as an element
to support ecotourism – proposed at C.A. Rosetti;
Minimizing the mass tourism, in favour of the tourism organised on small groups,
accompanied by specialized local guides; 10
Environment problems due to tourism
- Modernizing some village roads connecting the villages, so that tourists can use their
bicycles and avoiding to use personal cars at inter-village level;
- Creating parking and camping spaces in the economic areas in order to avoid the use of cars
in the ‚buffer’ areas, not to produce phonic, air and water pollution;
- Avoiding the uncontrolled tourists’ voyages by signalling all tourist tracks approved by
ARBDD and by their monitoring;
- Tourist flows in settlements and services for the population must remain on the main
existing routes, which must be modernized; 11
- Projects of planning tourist ports in Murighiol, Sf. Gheorghe, Sulina, mini-port Mahmudia,
Sarichioi, unloading dock at Murighiol in order to avoid the mooring of small private boats
in a disorganised manner;
- Respecting in the tourism field.. the provisions of the Berna and Ramsar Conventions for
creating a green tourism – ecotourism, 12 in order to avoid the degrading of nature due to
tourist activities.
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Synthetic evaluation of the environment quality, infrastructure and tourism
Village/town
Component villages
Accessibility
Urban infrastructure
Accommodation places level
Impact
tourism/
environme
nt
small
Dunărea
Somova
12 km from Tulcea
Somova
Mineri
Parcheş
Route - DN 22/E87
DC 45 şi 46
Extending water supply, sewage, building waste platform,
the Somova purifying plant, creating water supply, sewage,
purifying plant in Mineri and Parcheş
131 homologated
accommodation places Parcheş
tourist complex
Braţ Chilia
Ceatalchioi
Ceatalchioi
Pătlăgeanca
Plauru
Sălceni
Pardina
By river
DC1
Tulcea
–
Ceatalchioi and feryy
boat at Patlageanca
creating water supply, sewage, purifying plant in
Ceatalchioi, Pătlăgeanca, Plauru; building waste transfer
platform in Ceatalchioi; purifying plant, waste platform
project.
Rehabilitation water supply, sewage, purifying plant;
building waste transfer platform
there are no homologated units
small
17 homologated accommodation
places
small
places Chilia Veche
100 accommodation places
Tatanir
1176 homologated
accommodation places
small
Braţ Chilia
Pardina
37 km from Tulcea
By river
DN22/E87
DC1 Tulcea - Chilia
Veche
By river
DC1
Braţ Chilia
Chilia Veche
64 km from Tulcea
Chilia Veche, Câşla,
Tatanir,
Ostrov,
Tătaru
Braţ Tulcea
Municipiu Tulcea
from Bucarest 306km
T. Vladimirescu
by road and by river
A2, DN 22-E87;
A2, DN22A.
Airport
In the village water supply, sewage, purifying plant;
Modernising water supply, sewage, purifying plant,
building waste ecologic platform in the town.
Inter braţe Sulina - Chilia
C.A. Rosetti
102 km from Tulcea
18 km from Sulina
C. A. Rosetti
Cardon
Letea
Periprava
Sfiştofca
by river
By road - DC 2,3,4.
The most isolated
settlement in the delta;
Finalisation for water supply in C. A. Rosetti, Letea,
Sfiştofca, creating water distribution in Cardon and project
for Periprava, sewage project in C. A. Rosetti, purifying
plant projects in Letea and waste transfer platform in C. A.
Rosetti
Extension and modernising water supply in Chilia Veche,
sewage project for Chilia Veche
places C. A. Rosetti
places Letea
medium/bi
g
small
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Braţ Sulina
Maliuc
25 km from Tulcea
Maliuc
Gorgova, Ilganii de
Sus
Partizani
Vulturu
By river, in the centre
of Delta
Braţ Sulina
Crişan
50 km from Tulcea
Crişan
Caraorman
Mila 23
By river, by route
DC 2, along the
Sulina, DC 7 and 8
channels.
Braţ Sulina
Oraş Sulina
62,6 km from Tulcea
without
Pan-European
Corridor VII
Braţ Sf. Gheorghe
Nufăru
11 km from Tulcea
Nufăru
Ilganii de Jos
Malcoci
Victoria
by route and by river
DJ222C, DC2.
Braţ Sf. Gheorghe
Mahmudia
28 km from Tulcea
Mahmudia
By river by route by
DN22A DJ222C,
DJ229K.
Braţ Sf. Gheorghe
Beştepe, village created in
2004
25 km de Tulcea
Beştepe
Băltenii de Sus
Băltenii de Jos
modernisation for DJ
222C.
Rehabilitation water supply network in Maliuc,
rehabilitation in Gorgova, creation in Ilgani, Partizani,
Vulturu; rehabilitation sewage, purifying plant in Maliuc,
building sewage in Gorgova, Ilganii de Sus, Partizani;
waste transfer platform in Maliuc, extension electricity
network in Vulturu.
Extension water supply in the 3 villages, sewage in Crişan,
Mila 23, building sewage in the 3 villages, purifying plant
projects in Crişan, Mila 23; building a waste transfer
platform in Crisan;
Rehabilitation water supply, sewage rehabilitation and
extension, building purifying plant; building waste transfer
platform;
Extension water supply in Nufaru, with purifying plant,
waste platform; project to build water supply, sewage,
purifying plant in Ilgani; project to build water supply,
sewage, purifying plant, electricity network for Malcoci,
consolidation of banks and dams;
There is water supply, sewage, project to create purifying
plant and waste transfer platform in Mahmudia. An access
channel for fishermen and tourists should be done.
Creating water supply, sewage and treatment station in
Beştepe; creating sewage, purifying plant in Băltenii de
Sus; sewage, purifying plant in Băltenii de Jos; building
waste platform in Beştepe, extension electricity system for
isolated households
210 homologated
Many unauthorised tourist villas
(50);
small
343 homologated
Crişan and Mila 23 the most
solicited by tourists
medium/bi
g
257 homologated
small
places
Project from 2009, tourist resort
in the Victoria village
small
places
An extended development of the
private vacation homes
small
small
There are no homologated places
Project for Aeolian park and
tourist recreational park
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336 homologated places
Murighiol
Uzlina
Dunavăţu
Colina
Uzlina tourist resort for 12 ha Delta Resort from 2006.
many tourist villas built by
persons from Bucharest;
737 homologated
medium/
big
Extension water supply, sewage project, purifying plant,
waste platform in Valea Nucarilor, water supply and
sewage projects for the other villages
There are no homologated
small
Extension water supply, sewage project, purifying plant,
waste platform in Jurilovca
small
Braţ Sf. Gheorghe
Murighiol
36 km from Tulcea
Murighiol
Colina
Dunavăţu de Jos
Dunavăţu de Sus
Plopu
Sarinasuf
Uzlina
DJ 222C, DJ 222M.
Extension water supply in Murighiol, Sarinasuf, Plopu,
creating it in the other villages; water treatment station in
Sarinasuf, Plopu; sewage project, it owns purifying station
in Murighiol; creating waste transfer platform in
Murighiol.
Braţ Sf. Gheorghe
Sfântu Gheorghe
120 km from Tulcea
35 km from Sulina
Complexul lagunar Razim
Valea Nucarilor
25 km from Tulcea, 45 km
from Babadag, by route
Jurilovca
69 km from Tulcea, 32
km from Babadag
Sarichioi
43 km from Tulcea
Sf. Gheorghe
by river
DC5, on the channel
dam
Create water supply, project for sewage, purifying plant;
building waster transfer platform.
Iazurile, Agighiol
Valea Nucarilor
by river
DJ 222C
Jurilovca,
Vişina
DJ 222, DJ 229P.
Sălcioara,
big
54 homologated accommodation small
Extension project, rehabilitation water supply in Sarichioi,
places
water supply projects in Visterna, sewage, purifying plant
in Sarichioi, sewage and purifying plants in Enisala, Zebil,
waste platform in Sarichioi
Source: data from the Tulcea county council, 2010; tourism data from the statistic basis of the Regional development and tourism ministry, 2010. Remark – for the infrastructure endowments
there are works already started and for others feasibility studies and current auctions. There is a project by POR from 2010 for the modernisation of the access infrastructure Murighiol – Uzlina
– Dunavăţ - Lacul Razim.
Sarichioi,
Sabangia,
Zebil
Enisala,
Visterna,
DJ222, DN22.
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
1.10.2. Conflicts between tourism and human resources (demographic problem, low economic
activity, low entrepreneurial activity)
Danube Delta is confronting with a severe phenomenon, namely the depopulation. Difficulties faced by the
local human resources refers especially to the limited number of jobs, low diversification of economic
activities and as a result, low households’ incomes and poorness. These severe problems determine the local
population to leave the area, for better livelihoods for them and their families, thus increasing the migration
phenomenon to urban areas or abroad. The rate of natural increase is negative affecting the long-term
economic and social sustainability of the area.
Structure of population by age group highlights an intense process of demographic aging, which manifests
itself especially in more isolated villages, situated at long distances to major transportation waterways. Also,
the rate of natural increase is negative in the majority of villages which could put pressure on the human
resources and labour force availability in tourism sector. The vitality index is relatively low, underlining the
problems related to ensure the future workforce at local level, the area having a low capacity of rejuvenation
(Ceatalchioi, C.A. Rosetti, Murighiol, Nufarul, Chilia Veche, Crisan, Valea Nucarilor, Sfantu Gheorghe).
The job offer is limited and the unemployment is increasing, especially in the industrial sector and
employment among young labor force. Also, tourism activity and recreational services represent a
solution for reconversion for the individuals working and agriculture or fishery.
It is necessary to support the employment in various economic activities and reconversion of the population
on activities compatible to the area, including agrotourism as a possibility. A limitation for the development
of a sustainable tourism is the reduced number of qualified personnel which affects the quality of the services
and satisfaction level of tourists. The employees need to acquire information and specific knowledge and to
participate to training courses in hospitality and tourism. Special programmes to stimulate young
entrepreneurship are still missing.
Limited financial and material resources and relatively low level of education and training doesn’t s sustain
the local-base entrepreneurship. Still in the area, some entrepreneurial initiatives in tourism are evidences
that the area has a significant economic potential, bringing benefits on social, economic, environmental level.
The landscape and the beauty of the Danube Delta with its tourism potential attracted more and more
entrepreneurs decided to invest in the region. Gradually, hotels, guesthouses and bungalows, mainly
classified three, four and five stars, appeared in fishery villages. Part of investments were through preaccession funds (i.e. Phare, Sapard), European Structural and Cohesion Funds.
Attracted by the beauty of the area and its huge tourism potential, more and more entrepreneurs have decided
in recent years to invest in the Danube Delta. In villages around the fishery gradually appeared hotels,
guesthouses and bungalows, mainly classified 4 and 5 stars.
Current financial and economic crisis threaten the economic sustainability and local tourism entrepreneurs
face serious problems in preserving their businesses.
Poor access to infrastructure and to information and advanced technologies (computers, internet) is also an
obstacle for future economic development in general and tourism sector in particular.
The diversified and attractive tourist potential is expected to increase and revive the interest of those who
have left the area by layoffs in industry and constructions and to increase the number of family associations.
The Danube Delta still has the biological possibilities for rejuvenation of the local population if the
individuals not leave the area, so the natural and socio-cultural potential of the area to be capitalize.
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
2. SWOT ANALYSIS (STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES, THREATS)
STRENGHTS
Different
projects
being
developed – platforms (created
inside some projects);
The investments in infrastructure
and the endowing with modern
transport means are prior fields;
The sustainable tourism is
considered a solution for the
economic rise of the Delta towns;
They give importance to the
involvement and awareness of
the local communities for the
development and preservation of
the resources;
There are institutions which, by
their activity field, cover
theoretically all the aspects
connected to the Danube Delta
protected area;
The actors are concentrated on
business, on obtaining profit;
Incipient stages of the public and
private sector cooperation;
To organise international events
(seminaries,
symposiums,
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
RISKS
MACRO-REGIONAL RELATIONS OF THE PILOT AREA
There is no clear tourist vision;
The tourist sector is considered the key The biodiversity decline;
A weak cooperation between the
sector for the future development of the the public and private sectors
public and private sector in the
region, in general and of the Delta, in
are more competitors than
tourism development. A critical
particular;
militants for the same cause: a
point will be to obtain a common All the factors involved are aware of
prosperous and convenient
image of the different aspects of a
the importance of sustainability for the
development of the tourism in
strategy; the lack of an accepted
delta; to stimulate the development of
the area;
coordinator of the tourist activity
the rural and ecologic tourism;
the cooperation between the
integrated development in the area; Infrastructure
project
and
actors of the private sector is
the lack of knowledge about the
communications at regional and
very weak. An association of
way to develop the tourist product
national level;
the
public
and
private
through sustainable manner;
The main objective of the Romanian
companies in the tourism sector,
discontinuity in tourism and in the
Government is to consolidate the
initiated by the Tulcea county
tourism related policies, at national
administrative structures as basic
council some years ago,
and regional level;
elements to build a solid environment
continues to exist only on paper
a limited knowledge of the
management system and contribution to
and has not had any impact or
regulations referring to the Danube
a sustainable development;
real role till present.
Delta
the Romania Government wishes to
the weak implementation of the
integrate the environment policy in
legislation;
industry, energy, transport, agriculture
strict taxes/regulations versus
and tourism;
innovations;
the Romania Government has as
small and medium enterprises have
objectives – the extension of the
not attracted investment funds;
national network of protected areas and
Insufficient support for the small
natural reservations, the rehabilitation
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
workshops) in order to present
the investment opportunities for
the local tourism);
To develop some promotional
activities in view of presenting
the regional tourist objectives.
and medium enterprises from the
public authorities, both to access
community funds and to promote
their activity.
Good representation in the area,
particularly in urban areas, of
working-age population (15-60
years old), as well as people
having graduated secondary
education: they provide the
necessary human resources to
tourism sector.
The villages are diverse from the
demographic viewpoint, the
smallest one being the largest one
being Poiana Mare (11,149
inhab.);
Availability of rural labor force;
Overall homogeneity from the
ethnic and religious viewpoints,
with certain exceptions;
There are family doctor’s offices
in all communes;
of the Romania seashore infrastructure,
the ecologic and economic resizing of
the Danube Delta;
good relations with the Odessa region
in Ukraine, as a member of the “Lower
Danube” Euro-region;
to reactivate the regular flights to the
local airport, situated at 18 km from the
Tulcea town.
SOCIAL ISSUES
Significant decreases of the Attracting European funding for tourism
development can lead to attracting young
population (30%) in the communes
people with higher education from other
of Mahmudia, CA Rosetti, Sfantu
Gheorghe and the town of Sulina;
regions in the country.
Ageing population (over 20% of the Local human resource if gets appropriate
population have more than 60 years
education;
old) in the communes of Bestepe, The economic growth will lead to the
improvement of the occupation degree
CA Rosetti, Ceatalchioi, Chilia
and will attract the population in the
Veche,
Crisan,
Jurilovca,
Mahmudia, Murighiol, Nufarul,
area;
Sarichioi,
Sfantu
Gheorghe, The elderly persons can activate in
certain sectors;
Somova, Valea Nucarilor;
The tendency to migrate out of town
(moving out) is manifested in the
city of Tulcea and the communes of
Pardina, Maliuc, Jurilovca and
Sarichioi.
Important shares of population
without education (over 10%) are in
Increasing population decline
may lead to shortage of
manpower in the field of tourism.
The continuation of internal and
international migrations;
Low professional mobility;
Unwillingness to sign insurances
The accentuated demographic
ageing at the level of most rural
settlements is underlined by the
high number of retired persons
(sometimes surpassing the active
population) and by the
demographic decrease;
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
More than half of all villages
benefit from the presence of
elementary schools;
Danube Delta has a variety of
ecosystems;
Danube
Delta
has
three
international status: Biosphere
Reservation, RAMSAR site,
UNESCO site and it is the best
preserved wetland in Europe;
Good natural conditions for the
practice of tourism activities
outside;
the communes of Jurilovca, CA
Rosetti, Chilia Veche and Somova.
An ageing population and the trend
of emigration of young people are
factors restrictive to tourism
development
in
the
above
mentioned areas.
Low incomes of the population;
The number of inhabitants that
correspond to a doctor is high in the
rural space (in many cases over
1,500 inhab. /doctor);
High unemployment rate;
High values of the demographic and
economic dependency index;
Low level of superior qualifications
in any sector of activity;
Low number of specialized medical
offices, pharmacies;
NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS
Many floodplains;
Growing interest to protect the natural
Disappearing of many natural
resources of the Danube area;
habitats because of damming;
Possibility of accessing European funds
Degradation of existing flood
for environmental protection (SOP
protection systems because of lack
Environment, SOP Transport, NRPD,
of maintenance, as well as missing
territorial cooperation programs);
of repair works after flooding;
Reduction of anthropogenic pressure,
Bad use of land located in flood
due to the reduction of pollutant
risk areas;
emissions discharged into the waters of
Poor communication between
the Danube;
Climate changes effecting the
ecosystems and bioclimate;
Pollution of the Danube River
because
of
uncontrolled
discharges;
Unauthorized constructions;
Deforestation;
A low degree of perception and
responsiveness of the population
to environmental problems;
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
Rich hydrographic network –
Danube arms, canals, lakes;
Variety of landscapes;
Natural areas untouched by the
human intervention (20 areas of
integrated protection);
Untouched beaches on the shore
of the Black Sea (Sulina, Sf.
Gheorghe).
Diverse flora and fauna, both on
land and aquatic, and potential
for different types of tourism:
landscapes,
scientific,
bird
watching, hunting, and fishing
Rich ichthyofauna and many
areas suitable for fishery;
Endemic species (flowers and
animals) and a wide habitat for
birds;
The existence of flood protection
systems;
Legislation in force regarding
flood risk management in
accordance with the European
requirements in the field;
Implementation the action plans
for environmental protection at
national, regional and local level
(PLAM and PRAM);
The establishment of protected
The existence of legislative framework
in environmental protection, protected
areas conservation or water protection
(mainly transposing European law);
No management plans in
The existence of national legislation on
protected areas approved until
flood risk maps.
now;
The
expansion of Natura 2000
Overcrowding of tourist areas
Programme
through construction zones
The inclusion of the Danube Delta in
without authorization or which
multiple forms of protection recognized
do not respect the environment.
at international level
The degradation of certain Partnerships to solve environmental
ecosystems where the specific
issues
biocenoses were totally or partially Environmental financing opportunities
destroyed and replaced with agro- The increased interest and the creation of
ecosystems;
legal instruments regarding the
Extended surfaces with randomly
protection of the landscape as an
abandoned waste;
complex method of integrating both
The accentuation of drought and
natural and human components.
inundations;
Sustainable development programmes in
The lack of control upon illegal
the Danube
fishing,
hunting
and
reed Delta Biosphere Conservation Area
harvesting.
(Master Plan)
Ecological reconstruction programme
Favorable legal framework
flood risk management authority and population of high flood risk
areas;
Danger of producing of floods;
Non-implementation of legislation
in force favours continuous
occurrence of floods with material
damage and even loss of life;
Danger of producing of accidental
pollution;
Hydro-morphologic
pressures,
mostly for work to be undertaken
to improve navigation and for
construction of flood defense
systems;
Tourist seasonality which creates
problems in relation with the
environment.
Appearance of epidemics or
epizootics
(avian
influenza,
anthrax, cholera etc.).
Increased naval traffic in the
Danube Delta
Increased external pollution
Negative effects of global
warming
Soil, river, and coast erosion
Increased pressure on renewable
natural resources
Increased pressure on landscape
resources
Continued
soil
degradation
process
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
area perimeter and
administrative structures for
most of them with the official
documents (e. g. environmental
reports, management plan,
visitor plan) regulating the
possible conflicts that might
occur between tourism and
environment.
Danube Delta – unique place in
Europe with great natural
potential;
Rather developed industrial and
commercial activities in urban
area;
Good involvement of County
and Local Councils in the study
area in attracting investments
from European funds;
Projects effectiveness financed
through local and state budget;
Extended surfaces that are
favorable to agriculture;
Beginning of the development
of the legal framework for rural
financing;
The existence of certain
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Agriculture, Industry and Forestry
Danube Delta – unique place in Europe
the lack of markets for the agrowith great natural potential;
European Structural and Cohesion
food products;
too little societies which sell and
Funds;
Eventually cross border economic
process agriculture products;
few technical endowments and of
exchanges;
a low quality in small agricultural Possibility to develop free economic
factories;
areas.
the
traditional
agricultural the repopulating, in order to set the
practices, very important for the
decline of the fish stock especially that
biodiversity conservation, need a
there is a great experience in the field;
greater volume of physical work the foreign tourists are more and more
interested in active holidays (fishing,
and do not guarantee the economic
viability of the households;
hunting) but they extend their interest
isolation during winter of the
towards activities such as the study of
nature, watching wildlife, taking
Ceatalchioi, Pardina, Chilia Veche,
photographs with birds and animals;
C.A.Rosetti Maliuc towns;
the lack of financial sources for promoting the natural resources
agriculture and forest floods,
soil pollution;
hunting and fishing poaching
, black market;
overexploitation of fishing
resources;
the aging of the population
working in agriculture and
fishing;
the illegal cutting of trees
leads to the apparition of
problems linked to soil
erosion and floods;
the forest productivity will
decrease because of the
climate changes;
the uncontrolled pasturing of
semi-wild cattle (bovine,
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
traditional products and
activities specific to the Danube
Floodplain;
important
hydrographical
networks with significant water
surfaces and rich fish fauna for
recreational
and
industrial
fishing;
forests present interest for
tourism through the landscape,
hunting, recreational value;
maintaining the traditions in the
fishing activities (the boats, the
inhabitants’ talent, the tools)
and agriculture;
the capitalization of the natural
fishing and hunting resources;
favourable
conditions
for
agriculture and animal breeding
on the fertile lands in the
marginal towns, but also on the
lands obtained by draining and
damming.
Ongoing projects for technical
infrastructure in rural areas.
investments in view of developing
the agriculture, fishing and forest
sectors;
building fishing, agriculture and
forest facilities has led to
ecological disequilibrium;
an inadequate monitoring of the
fishing activities.
Low productivity level, which
leads to general reduced incomes;
Too many plots of agricultural or
forest land and the existence of a
high number of subsistence
exploitations;
Agricultural productivity under the
potential;
The new land and especially forest
owners have limited capacities of
property management;
Difficulties in imposing the
legislation to the private forest
owners, who conducted illegal
clearings;
The trade networks are not yet
developed to meet the needs of
small exploitations;
Non-functional irrigation systems;
Poor development of services in
the rural space;
Poor usage of the tourist resources
connected to the fish and forest
landscape can lead to a more profound
development of the hunting and fishing
tourism;
directing the Romanian and foreign
tourists’ interest for the traditional ways
to practice agriculture in Romanian
villages;
‘ecologising’ the agriculture, forestry
and fishing;
raising the population’s employment
rate in the forest field by promoting
some traditional activities (osier twig
knitting, etc);
the existence of European funds for
subsidizing and supporting agriculture;
to get access for projects aiming the
protection of the forest fund.
The diversification of the activities
within the rural space can be supported;
Instruction and appointment of a new
generation of exploitation managers;
The professional training helps to
improve the competencies of the
farmers;
The introduction of social-economic
advisory services;
Support programmes for the founding
groups of producers
The return to certain activities that were
equine) produces damages
both to the poplar, willow,
acacia,
oak
plantations
(Maliuc, Pardina, Chilia
Veche) and to natural forests
with valuable autochthon
species
with
integral
protection regime (the Letea
forest);
the fires (caused by the
fishermen’s, animal breeders’ or
tourists’ negligence) represent a
threatening factor on the
integrity of the forest fund
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
Danube Delta is a famous and a
unique tourist destination both on
domestic
and
international
market
Good human and touristic
resources;
The existence of a relatively well
represented tourist infrastructure
(including
also
tourist
information centres)
The possibility to practice
different form of tourism (ecotourism, rural tourism, cultural
tourism,
scientific
tourism,
cruises, fishing etc.)
Good quality of services
provided by accommodation
establishments (over 80% of bed
places are ranked 3 and 4 stars
according with the Romanian
classification by stars) and food
because of the deficiencies
well developed on certain floodplain
registered at the level of the
sectors in the past (eg: silk-worms
infrastructure; also, there is no
breeding).
guest-house in the rural space;
Old naval park
Industrial
units
with
old
technology
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Turism
Low share of Danube Delta as national tourism policies and action
plans;
tourist destination in total tourism
in Romania (1.1% in total arrivals Greater interest for ecotourism and
sustainability of protected areas
and 0.7% in total overnight stays
The presence of strategies and other
in 2010)
documentation policies that underlines
Limited accessibility only on water
for the most areas in the Delta
the development tourism along the
Danube (e.g. European Strategy of
Lack of bicycle tourist trails
Danube)
A low share of foreign visitors in
total visitors in Danube Delta The increase in educational level of
(only 22.1%)
population
and
concern
for
environmental protection
Lack of diversification of F & B
services, mostly (83%) being The increase of cruise tourism on the
Danube with Delta as one of a major
provided by restaurants
Danube Delta is an environmental
hotspots
sensitive area which limits the International interest for Danube Delta
as a tourist product as a unique
development of tourism
attraction of Romania
Small economic results from
tourism activities;
The increased access to tourist
information (e.g. Internet, social
Weak employment opportunities
network)
in tourism as well as for other
Non-compliance
in
environmental protection which
could hamper the tourism also
Epidemics (such it was Bird flu
in 2006) or other natural
disasters (e.g. floods) which
could keep tourists away from
taking a trip a Danube Delta
Climate change and global
warming affecting ecosystems
and also tourism
Bureaucracy
in
accessing
European funds for tourism and
a low level of their absorption
Development of an uncontrolled
tourism who could put pressure
on resources
Lack of coordination of tourism
policies and programmes
affecting Delta at national,
regional and local level
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
and beverage facilities (almost
90% are intermediate and upscale
F&B facilities)
Leisure services (spas, boat
rentals, fishing, bird watching
etc.), provided to tourist specially
by
upscale
accommodation
establishments
The high preference for hotels
among accommodation units
(73.3% of total overnight stays)
Approached
strategic
investments
for
tourism
development
(Ex:.
Sulina
Beach);
Objectives with a strong tourism
value:
Enisala
fortresses,
Halmyris,
Dinogeţia
etc.,
“triangle of Tulcea Orthodox
monasteries” - historical and
artistic monuments
Access to the bus routes;
Relatively small distance to
important urban centers; also, it
is mostly covered by
rehabilitated roads;
The presence of three important
ports - towns and the realization
economic activities especially in The orientation towards tourist activities
that would put to good use the natural
the rural areas;
and cultural specific of the Danube
Weak touristic infrastructure
Floodplain;
Weak touristic attraction, due to
poor promotion and less various Establishment of public-private
partnerships in order to promote
service structure;
sustainable tourism
No
local
touristic
brands
Development of ecotourism
identified.
Revival of traditional crafts with low
Reduced presence of tourism
environmental impact
operators from Tulcea County at
national and international tourism
conventions.
Reduced degree of management
knowledge, of understanding the
legislation.
Lack of specialized emergency
services in tourist areas
(ambulances, fire fighters).
Weak involvement of the local
community in
environmental
issues
INFRASTRUCTURE
Transport system and Accessibility
Poor
urban
and
transport The fusion of the land plots and the
infrastructure;
appearance of exploitations can be
Poor access infrastructure
supported through well directed actions
Limited access to the basic
and measures;
services (facilities for children,
attracting foreign capital for new
elderly etc.)
technology implementation
Very low technical endowment in
promoting international exchange
Poor capacity of EU funds
absorption;
The foreign competition on the
market, sometimes even for the
ecological products;
Small involvement of local
authorities and stakeholders in
economic
and
particularly
touristic strategic planning;
Reduction or elimination of
some fiscal facilities.
Poor management of the natural
and cultural heritage.
Insufficient capitalization of
opportunities for rural tourism.
-
-
the economic development is
conditioned by the removal
of major restrictions among
which the poor accessibility
plays a very important role
lack of coherent policies and
strategies for infrastructure
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
of other connections across the
Danube.
location on the main
European river course, the
Danube
existence of two ports
included in the TEN-T
network (Tulcea, Sulina)
the study area includes both
the River Danube and the
Maritime Danube (two ports)
existence of free areas (with
fiscal and trade facilities) in
the vicinity of customs (in
ports)
agriculture;
The access roads to the Danube are
often very difficult to use;
the density of the road and
railway networks is below the
national average (for roads:
15/7 km/100 sq.km compared
to 34.2 km/100 sq.km; for
railway: 12.1 km/100 sq.km
compared to 47.9 km/100
sq.km)
rather poor accessibility of the
inner area
existence of one of the most
isolated area in the country, the
Danube Delta
possibility to expand the roads
and railways is hindered by
geographical barriers
lack of financial resources for
the development of road and
rail infrastructure
lack of investment in road and
rail infrastructure development
inadequate
capacity
of
passenger and freight transport
border crossings and control
points lack facilities and
equipment of international
levels
possibility to access both European
and national funding programmes
development in the area and
deterring of investors.
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
The existence of the optic fiber
main line Brăila-TulceaBabadag- Constanţa.
The existence of the Internet
centers for public
100% covering for mobile
phone
Relatively high access to radio,
television and mobile phone
network;
good quality of water sources,
but insufficient amount of water;
Funds for investment projects of
rehabilitation, expansion and
modernization of water supply,
sewerage system and sewage
treatment
INFRASTRUCTURE
Info communications
Low degree of telephoning in the
The possibility of extending the
Danube Delta towns
Internet access broadbad network
The existence of towns without an
owned phone unit
Low Internet access degree
INFRASTRUCTURE
Living quality - Water Management
European integration will lead to
The basic rural infrastructure is
improved quality of life as a result of
poorly developed (roads, water
supply/treatment, sewerage, gas);
accessing structural funds;
the expansion and modernization of
poor endowment with central
systems of drinking water supply
drinking water supply and sewerage
systems meet the requirements
and sewerage;
Lack of sewage and wastewater
provided by European directives on
treatment station or inadequate
water and the natural environment
treatment of sewage and industrial
waste
large losses of drinking water from
the existing networks, as a result
of the advanced state of decay;
lack of wastewater treatment
plants in cities that have a central
system of water supply ;
the lack of centralized systems of
water supply and sewerage
hinder the promotion of
economic activities that would be
a source of income for the local
population;
the lack of a sewerage system
and wastewater treatment plant
causes serious damages to the
natural environment in the
Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve, where the study area of
the pilot study is located
Delayed development of the
essential infrastructure (water
distribution, sewage, waste
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
The existence of a centralized
system of producing, supplying
and distributing the heat carrier
in Tulcea city
The existence of a supplying
and distribution network for
natural gas.
All the towns in the area are
almost completely electrified
The existence of a significant
solar, aeolian and biomass
potential
High ratio of the households
connected to the electric
network;
existing pluvial drainage systems
are undersized, which results in
water
ponding
in
human
settlements.
Lack of integrated system for
waste management
Townships without water
distribution systems
Lack of sewage infrastructure and
of wastewater treatment
INFRASTRUCTURE
Living quality – Public utility supply – The power supply
The possibility of extending the natural
Insufficient quantities of solid fuel
(wood, coal) for houses heating
gas supplying network and connection
of other towns
Difficult supply with fuel for
heating
The existence f the aeolian park in
Valea Nucărilor
Lack of buildings proper thermal
insulation leads to the increasing
Improvement of the energetic and
of heat consumption and costs
hydraulic efficiency of the irrigation
infrastructure through rehabilitation
The existence of towns without a
works;
supplying and distribution system
for natural gas.
The renewable energies potential
is not properly exploited
management)
Environmental negative impact
by using the solid fuel (wood,
coal) fireplaces
The natural gas network
expanding difficulty in the
Danube Delta due to the area
specificity
The interest decreasing for the
solar and Aeolian energetic
potential exploitation in the area
The increase of the energy cost
and the low hydraulic efficiency
of the infrastructure will lead to
the augmentation of the
irrigation costs;
SPATIAL STRUCTURE
Sistem of settlements
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the existence in the study zone of
the Tulcea regional growth pole
which ensures the balance and
the dynamics in the settlement
network of the study zone.
-
lack of rural settlements as
polarization centres
Isolation of the Danube Delta
settlements, particularly in winter
time, because of the total
dependence on water transport
mode and the unfit road
connections;
Difficult polarization of settlements;
Rural administrative territorial units
are prevailing and account for
85.7% of the total 14 urban and
rural administrative territorial units
of the study zone;
42% the communes with less than
1,000 inhabitants: Sf.Gheorghe-880
inhabitants, C.A. Rosetti-927
inhabitants, Maliuc – 974
inhabitants, Ceatalchioi – 756
inhabitants
, Pardina – 605 inhabitants;
Low functional diversity – fishing
and farming activities prevail;
tourism has no satisfactory impact
on the local economy of the
settlements.
the presence of the Danube Corridor –
Pan-European Transport Corridor VII
shall strengthen the territorial role of the
settlements through which the Danube
flows;
The Danube Strategy shall bring
important benefits to Romania as a result
of increased competitiveness and
attractiveness of the towns and villages
along the Danube bank.
- Deeper social and economic gaps
between urban and rural
communities.
Tourist pressure on the
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve
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3. SUGGESTED ACTIONS TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE AREA
DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES
Tulcea municipality
Priorities:
o Modernising the main streets;
o Creating a sewerage network and cleaning plant;
o Encouraging the practice of the tourism/agro-tourism/ecotourism activity;
o Protecting dam against floods
Sulina
Priorities:
• to save the original architecture patrimony;
• design road Sulina – C.A. Rosetti, which would connect the most isolated towns in the delta
(Cardon, Sfistofca, C.A. Rosetti, Letea); - developing;
• The design of the beach in conformity with modern standards – developing;
• to protect the Sulina historic centre;
• the rehabilitation and modernisation of streets.
o To build a transfer platform for domestic garbage;
o To encourage local population to practice ecotourism;
o To create some consultancy public services for the development of small enterprises
connected to the area potential (navigation, fishing, tourism, etc.);
o Protection against floods, both the right and left area of the Danube;
o Modernise roads;
o Modernise water supply networks, sewerage network and cleaning plant.
Bestepe – the Baltenii de Jos and Baltenii de Sus villages
Priorities :
o Route infrastructure -asphalting village roads – evaluation stage;
o Public services: sewerage network and cleaning plant, Bestepe village, water supply
network and sewerage network in Baltenii de Sus, creating green spaces in the town – sent
for financing;
o Environment infrastructure;
o Energy – creating some Aeolian turbines - project sent for financing;
o Rehabilitation of the Cultural centre
Crisan – Crisan, Caraorman, Mila 23
Priorities:
o Maintenance/execution of the protection dams against floods; calibration of the Caraornam
channel at the entrance mouth from the Sulina channel; creating a coffer dam on the
Caraornam channel, in the crossing area of the Caraorman spit;
o The extension of the network which distributes drinkable water, creating the sewerage
network and cleaning plant;
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
o Creating the county road; village road between Caraorman and Crisan; village road between
Mila 23 and the Sulina channel;
o Ensuring public utility services;
o Encouraging the development of ecotourism and agro-tourism.
Ceatalchioi – Ceatalchioi, Patlageanca, Salceni, Plauru
Priorities:
o The modernisation of the intra-urban roads;
o Damming and draining (for reintroducing lands in the agriculture circuit); consolidation of
the fields that can be flooded by planting trees resistant to water – protection ‘curtains’;
o designing a garbage ecologic pit and a dry well;
o creating some economic and commercial modern utilities, for offering services;
o unloading dock for agricultural products;
o designing/modernising the gangway for ships;
o capitalizing the area tourist potential.
Chilia Veche - Chilia Veche, Tatanir, Câşliţa
Priorities:
o Revigorating the traditional economic activities
o Improving the aspect of the street tracks; improving the village road connecting the village
to the Pardina town;
o urban rehabilitation of the central area – there are many unfinished buildings for years;
o finalising works for the town port;
o creating some economic and commercial modern facilities;
o protecting the Chilia arm border which presents erosions;
C.A.Rosetti - C.A.Rosetti, Letea, Sfiştofca, Periprava, Cardon
Priorities:
o Creating the garbage deposit platform;
o building the water supply network, the domestic sewerage networks, cleaning
stations;
o to offer new basic services for the population;
o to encourage the practice of the tourism/agro-tourism/ecotourism activity; (to build a
tourist complex – the Cardon village);
o village road between the village and C.A.Rosetti (thus connections with the other
component villages);
o to build a Cultural centre;
o to build an unloading dock on the Magearu channel;
o creating a beach area on the border of the Magearu channel.
Jurilovca - Jurilovca, Vișina, Sălcioara
Priorities:
o The rehabilitation of the Tulcea – Agighiol - Sarichioi – Enisala – Jurilovca – Două
Cantoane (DJ 222) county road and connecting it to DN22 through Babadag - Enisala (DJ
223A);
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
o restoring, designing, equipping and improving the access ways of the chain of the north
Dobrogea citadels (the Enisala, Argamum, Halmyris, Noviodunum, Dinogetia citadels)
Mahmudia
Priorities:
o Ensuring the passenger transport daily, on the Danube;
o Repairing the Danube dam, right near the village;
o to modernise the access road; to build a road from DJ 222 C to the village;
o to create places for evening sitting of villagers, rest, recreation;
o re-equipping the pumping stations for draining; recreating the drained areas;
o offering some sanitary services of first necessity: consulting, dental, room, analysis
laboratory;
o creating a beach near the Danube.
Maliuc - Maliuc, Gorgova, Partizani, Vulturu, Ilganii de Sus
Priorities:
o The necessity to protect the piece of land lying between the Sulina channel and the ancient
Old Danube riverbed;
o solving the transport problem both on water (smaller ships, daily) and on road (designing the
existing road on the dam);
o to encourage the development of tourism by ensuring the specific infrastructure;
o recreating some designed areas by ecologic reconstruction;
o creating some economic and commercial modern facilities for offering services;
o nature protecting measures and ecology actions.
Murighiol - the Uzlina village
Priorities:
o To build the electric energy supply network which will be connected to the system (the only
major investment being a motel with own generating group); the street illuminating will be
ensured;
o to build a transfer platform for domestic garbage;
o to design the street network;
o to build a water supply station and a distribution network, cleaning stations;
o offering services of public utility;
o building a gangway /unloading dock (equipped with electric energy, compressed air, deposit
of fuels, etc);
o to encourage investments in tourism/agro-tourism.
Nufăru - Ilganii de Jos
Priorities:
o Hydro-technical works of damming/consolidation border-dam against floods;
o to rehabilitate the existent built fund and building new apartments;
o to modernise the street network; to modernise the village road by asphalting; stoning
secondary road;
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
o water treatment station, drinkable water supply network, domestic waters sewerage network
and cleaning plant;
o to encourage the investments in tourism.
Pardina
Priorities:
o To finish the drinkable water supply works;
o to protect the area which can be flooded; protection works of the Chilia arm borders against
the erosion phenomenon;
o to design the gangway for ships and creating an unloading dock for travellers and goods;
o to offer basic services for the population – agro-food market;
o to finalise the building of the county road that connects the entire chain of towns on the
border of the Chilia arm;
Sfântu Gheorghe
Priorities:
o To preserve, protect the natural beauties and the reservation patrimony;
o having in view the geographic position - neighbouring with the Black Sea - and the fact
that it owns a large beach with very fine sand, they want to create a tourist area (a small
resort) in the outer area of the town; to encourage ecotourism;
o to build a road along the Tataru channel – which implies both a great investment and some
special approvals;
o to create some modern economic and commercial facilities, to offer quality services;
o to build an Aeolian station;
Sarichioi - Sarichioi, Zebil, Enisala, Sabangia,Visterna
Priorities:
o To build a supply network with drinkable water in centralised system – in execution;
o to build a domestic sewerage in centralised system and a treatment station for used waters –
in execution;
o to build a domestic sewerage in centralised system and a treatment station for used waters in
the Enisala town – the stage of Feasibility study;
o to rehabilitate the Visterna - DJ 223 village road – handed in for financing;
o to rehabilitate the Sarichioi cultural centre – handed in for financing;
o to design tourist mini-ports (financed by the Tulcea county council);
o to rehabilitate an intra-urban dam, dam for preventing the lacustrian erosion lake Razim
Sarichioi – financing is being searched;
o the Sarichioi informing centre (financed by the Tulcea county council and the Danube Delta
biosphere reservation association);
o restoring, designing, equipping and improving the accessing ways to the Dobrogea citadels.
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
4. SUGGESTED FURTHER CROSS- BORDER CO-OPERATION
National policies
Cross border projects to be submitted for the next EU programming period (2014-2020)
Support and a framework for the initiation and development of cross-border cooperation projects
are cross-border cooperation programme Romania-Ukraine-Moldova. This programme includes
from Romania - Tulcea, Braila and Galati Counties and from Ukraine, Odessa area. In the
framework of this Pilot Project is interested in the relationship Tulcea-Odessa.
Cross-border cooperation programme Romania-Ukraine-Moldova aims to improve the situation of
economic, social and environmental programme in the area, in the context of secure borders, by
enhancing contacts between partners on either side of the border. This will be followed in the spirit
of partnership and cooperation, which encourages cross-border contacts and activities and make
improvements to the infrastructure.
To achieve this, the two partner countries have identified the following priorities:
1. To improve the economic performance in the border area through diversification and
modernization of the economy of the border by:
Development of initiatives for cooperation in the field of transport, border
infrastructure and energy networks.
Improving productivity and competitiveness in rural and urban areas.
2. The development of long-term solutions to environmental problems in the area of the border
on the following issues:
Emergency situations where a coordinated approach is essential.
Management of water resources and waste.
3. Promotion of good interaction between people and between communities in the border area
through social and cultural exchanges, in the field of education.
Considering the need to turn on cross-border collaborative relationships within the territories of
territorial cross-border area and initiating and supporting programs and projects of the common
neighborhood and cross-border development has in mind:
Initiation of links for sustainable development. Partnership areas: Economics, transport, the
environment, public health, education, culture, tourism, improving the social infrastructure
of the agricultural sector, public administration.
Facilitation of contacts and relations between communities, public, private, professional and
citizens.
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
Regional policies
Cross-border projects to be submitted in the frame of the last call (2007-2013)
Another program which may initiate cooperation projects is the one who sees "cooperation within
the euro-region" Lower Danube "which follow:
Creating a regional center and cross-border prevention and intervention in cases of pollution
of the river Danube;
Creating a cross-border information centre;
Promotion of green tourism in the euroregion; promotion of protected areas;
Development of new tourist facilities in administrative units, members of the euro-regionregion and promoting the image of a sustainable economic development:
Ecoturistic Center-partnership: Danube Delta biosphere reserve Danube Delta
Administration, Institute of Eco-Museum's Administration building of the
Danube, Tulcea in Ukraine and Danube Tourist information centre in Valkovo
(Ukraine).
Integrated system for monitoring of environmental factors, biodiversity and
natural resources in the Danube Delta Transboundary Biosphere Reserve
Romania/Ukraine - beneficiaries: Danube Delta Transboundary Biosphere
Reserve Romania/Ukraine;
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WP 5 Pilot Projects
Cross-border cooperation for the restoration of wetlands (polders- Stensovsko
Zhibrianskie and Zagen in Romania) Biosphere Reserve in the Danube Delta
Transboundary Romania-Ukraine.
Cross-border Centre of environmental protection,
Customs and traditions on both sides of the Danube
Improving cross-border cooperation in the integrated management of water
resources in the Danube region
"Danube Delta" Partners in Europe: Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation
Administration, NGO "Friends of nature Romania", Association for the
promotion of Ecotourism, branch of Odessa/Ukraine, cross-border cooperation
lower Danube Euroregion "" Reni/Ukraine.
"A River Delta without borders – the promotion of tourism in Danube Delta
transboundary level"
Local policies
Cross-border projects to be submitted in the frame of the last call (2007-2013)
Building a collection of solar energy - creation of conditions for the installation
of solar panels on public buildings, for the supply of hot water in Ceatalchioi,
Pardina, Chilia veche, Somova
Improving and modernizing the heating system in Ceatalchioi, Pardina, Chilia
veche, Somova by using renewable energy resources.
5. IMPACT ASSESMENT
The impact on the hydrological network of the Danube Delta
The hydrological network of the Danube Delta suffers a strong anthropogenic impact during the
postwar period, after 1950, when the natural resources of the delta are subject to extensive and
intensive exploitation. During this period a series of enclosures for fish breeding and reed growing
is built, and an impressive system of canals.
Consequently, the natural hydrological network of the Danube Delta has been affected by the
construction of an artificial system of canals with a length of approximately 1,000 km; the canals
were built for various purposes, without proper justification, which led to an uncontrolled
movement of water and silt inside the Danube Delta.
Change of water and silt movement on the Danube branches and into the delta
The Delta morphology is also changing, as the hydro development works performed in the recent
past on the Delta, as well as the change in the hydrologic regime of the Danube entering the delta
have considerably changed the general flow of water and silt movement on the Danube branches
and into the delta, which changed both the mudding into the delta, and the development conditions
of the related maritime area.
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Moreover, maintenance and preservation works on Sulina Canal embankment were neglected;
consequently, the canal have broadened and deepened as a result of the intense traffic of ships
sailing at excessively high speeds.
At the same time, the morphology of Chilia and Sf. Gheorghe branches, which have preserved their
relatively natural state until recently, remain unchanged.
As a result of silt-flow reduction at the mouth of the Danube and the extension into the sea of
breakwaters at the mouth of the Sulina canal, as well as the natural phenomenon of Sacalin Island
formation south of the mouth of Sf. Gheorghe branch, along the sea shore in the coastal area of the
delta, between Sulina and Vadu, the erosion became more widespread and the morphological
assessment of the coast became a difficult process with an annual loss of land of about 47 ha.
In terms of the coastal morphological dynamics of Danube Delta, an estimate shows that the waves
and currents in the Black Sea carry annually towards south an average of 69 million tons of coastal
sediments.
Considering the continuing reduction of sediments carried by the Danube River into the Black Sea,
the estimates show that the coastal erosion will prevail over the silt and, by 2020, the erosion will
spread to the whole coastal slope of the Danube Delta, up to a depth of 10 m.
The supraterritorial economic activities that impact the Danube Delta are based in metropolitan
areas within the neighbouring counties of Constanta, Braila, Galati, and the capital. These regional
poles, with functions of “city gate”, are interconnected by major transport corridors and existing or
future infrastructures. Tulcea City, the gravity centre of the area, is located at equal distances from
two regional poles the in neighbouring counties and at a long distance from the country's capital.
The modernization of inland transport and telecommunications will improve the partnership and
cooperation relations in various fields of economy.
Tourism and transport (especially on sea and road) are two supraterritorial activities that will most
influence the regional space. Braila - Sulina navigation section – for sea vessel transit and local
traffic – also benefits of varied tourist resources, interesting enough to allow developments that
impact the regional economy. These resources attract forms of tourism such as sport fishing,
cultural and religious tourism, wine tourism, water sports, cruises on the Danube and the Danube
Delta - Black Sea route. The development of congress tourism in important tourist centres of Braila,
Galati and Tulcea should also be considered. Transportation towards the Danube Delta is mainly
done by road, rail and waterway for regional and international traffic.
Impact of tourism development on the Danube Delta
Sustainable tourism development occurs particularly in three areas:
The economic impact is reflected by tourism expenses/income, and represents a direct impact.
The positive economic impact of tourism activity consists in:
increasing the viability of towns with poor natural resources;
stimulating profitable activities (hotels, restaurants, transportation etc.);
using low productive agricultural land for the building of appropriate tourist facilities;
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increasing residents’ income;
encouraging the development of traditional activities and trade based on local
craftsmanship products;
revenues from tourism could be used to support environmental rehabilitation.
The social impact of tourism relates to its influence, both positive and negative, on the living
conditions of the inhabitants of an area. A positive social impact is reflected by the creation of new
jobs, ensuring social development, reducing disparities between socio-professional categories in
terms of income, etc. A negative social impact refers to the gradual disruption and destruction of
traditional lifestyles within social structures and the acceptance by local population of the negative
social influences, by abandoning the traditional lifestyles and occupations (forestry, pastoral
activities, crafts, etc.) in favor of tourism activities, which bring quick and substantial income.
The cultural impact is the relationship between tourists and the local community.
The positive cultural impact consists in the development and revival of cultural and religious
traditions, the diversification of handicraft, increased interest of local inhabitants for the
preservation and conservation of tourist attractions etc.
The negative cultural impact becomes obvious after a relatively long period of time through
changes in mentality, copying by the locals of attitudes and behavior of tourists.
Environmental Impact
Ecotourism is one of the forms of tourism with the weakest impact on the environment, especially
since the preservation of the biodiversity is one of its strategic objectives. Therefore, the positive
impact is a result of the interest to preserve natural resources and to adopt such development
proposals that would least affect the environment. Positive impact is generated by:
sustainable use of tourism resources;
reducing the exploitation of exhaustible resources and preserving biodiversity;
building appropriate facilities for the Biosphere Reserve;
promoting friendly tourism activities (bird-watching, photo safaris, etc.);
6. LOCAL INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Local touristic investment possibilities in Tulcea county
Danube Delta - Investment in tourism and sports tourism leisure, creation of aquatic parks
Sports tourism and approvals do not introduce at this moment of great interest to local authorities,
although it just might be the key factor in attracting tourists in Tulcea County. The City Council
may focus on the organization of sports events "sport fishing" or the creation of aquatic parks,
having as main target audience in children and people between 18-30 years.
Potential stakeholders: Tulcea County council, Biosphere Danube Delta Rezervation, Local
councils
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Tulcea Municipality-Improve accessibility by building an airport to serve exclusively for
the carriage of domestic and international tourists wishing to visit both the Tulcea County
and surrounding areas.
Currently existing Airport "Danube Delta" has a view of a strategy of development in the short term
and medium that is transforming the airport into an international airport, wishing to make efficient
the airport Danube Delta, create of new jobs for residents of the area, but also the relaunching of
tourism throughout the County.
Investment in transport infrastructure of the connection between the municipality of Tulcea
and Freeway of the Sun.
The creation of a road junction that will link Munincipality of Tulcea and Freeway of the Sun, will
have consequences in streamlining traffic, increasing the quality of national roads and shorten the
time of access in/of Tulcea Municipality
Potential stakeholders: Consiliul Judetean Tulcea
Danube Delta Villigies/ Investments in agritourism.
Agritourism is very poorly exploited in Tulcea County, in the light of the potential it holds. Being
positioned in an area with a wide range of areas and different ethno-folkloric, agritourism could be
one of the most productive forms of tourism which could reduce the considerable discrepancies
between the population of the rural and the urban revitalization of local economy through preserver
of tradition.
Potential stakeholders: Local councils, county councils
7. MAIN LESSONS OF THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE DIFFERENT PILOT
PROJECT (EXEMPLE FROM DELTA PO EXPERIENCE - PROGRAMMA PER LA
COOPERAZIONE TRANSFRONTALIERA ITALIA-SLOVENIA 2007 – 2013: SLOW
TOURISM)
Strategic Project SLOW TOURISM
Project- funded under the Programme for Cross-Border CooperationItaly-Slovenia 2007-2013, by
the EuropeanRegional Development Fund and nationalfunds
Project Description
SLOW TOURISM project involves 30 partners coming from all the eligible areas of
the program and it has a total duration of 36 months. The partnership is made of Local Development
Agencies and Local Action Groups, institutional bodies as Provinces, Municipalities, Park bodies,
the Sciences Department of Trieste University and bodies specialized in tourist marketing sector.
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The project aims at increasing and promoting slow tourist itineraries in Italian and Slovenian area,
particularly involving the territories with naturalistic and environmental peculiarities as park areas,
protected areas, the presence of river courses, through the structuring of slow tourist circuits and
itineraries.
SLOW TOURISM in fact aims at supporting and increasing forms of slow tourism and at
structuring eco-friendly tourist niche products, through interventions turned to the integration and
putting on the net of environmental and rural resources for the joint and integrated development of
tourist potentials, through the creation of a circuit and with actions of promotion and increasing of
“Slow Tourism” net in the cross-border area of High Adriatic, as well as through impact pilot
projects on the whole territory. Besides the interventions of marketing, training, communication, the
project will be realized through the organization of real “Slow” points in Italian and Slovenian
territories. The presence in the partnership of public bodies, park bodies, Slovenian Municipalities,
partners working in tourist sector and Local Development Agencies and Groups will contribute to
the achievement of the results for the structuring and the promotion of Slow Tourism offer that will
characterize Italian and Slovenian tourist circuit along water ways and in valuable naturalistic sites.
Slow Tourism Network - The tourist operator wanting to approach slow philosophy should focus
his attention to the six dimensions composing slow tourism: - time, - slowness, - contamination, authenticity, - sustainability, - emotion
General Objective
To valorize and to promote slow tourism forms in Italian and Slovenian areas, characterized by
naturalistic and environmental elements and by “water” elements, through joint and integrated
actions.
Specific Objectives:
to introduce new philosophy – slow tourism
To strengthen and improve tourist resources
To improve the accessibility and the utilization of tourist resources connected
with water following a “slow” philosophy;
To promote slow tourism forms and structure eco-sustainable niche tourist
products;
To integrate and put on the net environmental and rural resources for the joint and
integrated development of tourist potentials; to organize a “Slow Tourism” net in
Upper Adriatic cross border area;
To develop a common market strategy and place the program area at international
level; to promote sustainable mobility forms;
To create new opportunities for the local population in nature and environmental
tourism sector
The project areas
Territorial areas involved in the project, extending from the Delta of the Po to the Gorenjska region
with the Triglav National Park, Lake Bled, crossing the lagoon and the Carso, are characterized by a
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strong and diverse tourist attractiveness and have a rich heritage of landscapes and environmental
tourism resources including particularly fine nature areasPark areas, and NATURE 2000 areas, SIC
and SPAS. These areas characterized by the presence of the Po Delta, one of the most important
wetlands in Europe, by the presence of parks, rivers, canals, lakes and lagoons, factors, common to
all the Territories concerned, in which the environment plays a special role as both naturalistic
habitats, laboratory to observation, study, teaching and as a playground, i.e. quality areas for
activities, especially sports-outdoors. In this sense are different products, from those consolidated as
the cycling to the "new", at least for Italy, as the activities along the waterways (River tourism,
canoeing, etc.), and birding, i.e. that together varied itineraries "green" (the so-called greenways)
and consumption practices "slow and careful" of territories with high environmental value.
Inside extraordinary environmental records, which are interwoven with history, tradition, culture
and art, offering the visitor a unique landscape and surprise. The richness of the Park is due to the
great diversity of environments, where many species find refuge. A place made of traditions and
ancient crafts, artifacts and examples of how over the years the men we have been able to manage
the balance between nature and culture, between land and water: pots, elements and instruments of
the salt civilization, culverts, dams, towers and abbeys.
Sources:
- The National Statistic Institute, the Dolj county division, The main territorial indicators at
the level of the Calafat, Cetate, Maglavit, Poiana Mare, Desa and Ciupercenii Noi towns,
during 2008-2009;
- Opportunity study concerning the capitalization of the tourist potential of the Danube, Stage
I, INCDT, 2001, Bucharest;
- Tourism study for the carrying out of the Danube Delta biosphere reservation inter-county
territory designing plan, INCDT, Bucharest, 2008;
- Economic-social development strategy of the Dolj county, Dolj County council, 2008;
- Local development strategy of the Calafat municipality, 2007-2013;
- Development strategy of the public utility services of the Calafat municipality, 2007-2013;
- The Danube Delta biosphere reservation – Master Plan, 2005;
- Strategic plan for the development of sustainable tourism in the Danube Delta, the Tulcea
county council, 2009;
- The Danube Delta territory designing plan, the UrbanProiect national institute of researchdevelopment for urbanism and territory design, Bucharest, 2008;
- Tulcea County Council – www.cjtulcea.ro – component towns records
- Town of Sulina – Integrated Development Plan
- Zone Development Plan (PATZ) of Danube Delta, 2007
- Environmental Report on Strategic Plan for Tourism Sustainable Development in the
Danube Delta, 2010
- Local Agenda21 in Tulcea County
- Environmental report for Up-dating the General Urban Plan for Nufăru Commune, Tulcea
County
- National Regulatory Authority for the Community Services of Public Utilities (A.N.R.S.C) Heating Supply Status on January 31, 2010.
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-
-
Energy Strategy of Romania for 2007-2020 – The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Business
Environment.
www.info-delta.ro/
www.ghidulprimariilor.ro
www.primaria-bestepe.ro
www.sfantu-gheorghe.ro
www.delta-dunarii.ro
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetate,_Dolj
http://maglavit.info.ro/?page_id=8
http://www.poianamare.ro/
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poiana_Mare,_Dolj
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comuna_Ciupercenii_Noi,_Dolj
Study concerning the assessment of the present energy potential of renewable energy
sources in Romania, identification of best locations for the development of investment in
unconventional electric power production – ICEMENERG S.A., 2006.
“Biblionet” National Program – www.biblionet.ro
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Summary of pilot activities focusing on the Danube Delta

Transcription

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