Next generation for atmospheric sensing technologies

Transcription

Florent Bouguin, CREATE Summer School, July 2012
Next generation for atmospheric sensing
technologies
PROPRIETARY
The information contained herein is proprietary to and should be considered a trade secret of ABB Inc.
It shall not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written authorization of ABB Inc
Content

Personal background & Introduction

ABB organization presentation

Ground-based products: AERI
Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer overview

Airborne solution: CARVE
Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 2
Space borne optical sensors

Today in space

Polar Communications and Weather

Polar Highly Elliptical Orbit

Our product development process

Conclusion
ABB’s vision
As one of the world’s leading engineering companies, we
help our customers to use electrical power efficiently, to
increase industrial productivity and to lower environmental
impact in a sustainable way.
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 3
ABB at a glance
A global leader in power and automation technologies
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 4

Multinational corporation operating
mainly in the power and automation
technologies areas

One of the largest engineering
companies and amongst the largest
conglomerates in the world.
135 000 employees
in about 100 countries
$38 billion in revenue (2011 numbers)

Formed in 1988 merger of Swiss
and Swedish companies
Predecessors founded in
1883 and 1891

Publicly owned company with head
office in Zürich, Switzerland
ABB in Canada
Major locations
Québec, QC
Charest
Remote Sensing
Associated with
Quebec unit
(formerly Bomem)
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 5

ABB Canada a $2 billion company which has enjoyed
10% annual growth over the last 5 years

ABB Canada employs over 5 000 people in 45 locations
ABB Quebec origins
History and heritage
1973 Bomem Inc. was formed
1987 Bomem goes public
1990 Hartmann & Braun acquires Bomem
1995 Bomem is ISO 9001 Certified
1996 Elsag Bailey acquires Hartman & Braun
1999 ABB acquires Elsag Bailey
Henry Buijs and Garry Vail,
founders of Bomem
2011 ABB Bomem Inc. fully merged into ABB Inc. (Canada)
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 6
ABB Analytical Measurements (Quebec)
World leader in FT-IR solutions
www.abb.com/
analytical
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 7

ABB Analytical Measurements designs, manufactures, and
markets optical instruments and analytical solutions based on
molecular spectroscopy for industrial and remote sensing
applications

Founded as Bomem Inc. in 1973 (joined ABB in 2000), ABB is
now building on nearly 40 years of experience in FT-IR and high
end optical systems

More than 8 000 instruments installed worldwide

A recognized leader in:
High quality analysis solutions for Industrial Process
Monitoring and QA (Molecular spectroscopy)
Remote sensing instrumentation

Measurement Products unit in ABB Process Automation division
Largest ABB R&D group for IR and optical instrumentation
Over 200 employees
Industrial markets products
Process Industry & Quality Assurance + Metallurgy
Process Automation
for industrial chemical
measurements
OEM Kit
PROCESS INDUSTRY

OEM

Chemicals & Life Sciences
HP460
+ Pharmaceuticals
+ Academic:
MB3000 Family
Universities, Colleges,
Research Centers

HPI (oil & petroleum)

Semiconductors
METALLURGY

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 8
Analyzers for liquid aluminum
Oleochem
WPA
PoDFA
ABB Remote Sensing Department
Vision
“Efficiently serve customers in
remote sensing atmospheric,
meteorological, and defense
applications. Offer the best
solutions as a market leader
in terms of innovation,
reliability and performance”.
Space optics
addressing global challenges™
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 9
ABB Remote Sensing
Customers and markets
CUSTOMERS:

Space agencies

Defense research laboratories

Industries

Operational remote monitoring

Academic research
MARKETS:
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Weather forecasting ▪ Remote IR characterization

Atmospheric science ▪ Gas detection

Climatology ▪ Environmental monitoring

Astronomy ▪ Defense and security

Hyperspectral imaging
ABB Remote Sensing
Space optics expertise
ABB’s dedicated team of engineers and scientists has the
expertise to efficiently serve customers in remote sensing
atmospheric, meteorological, and defense applications
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About 100 employees with space-related skills
offer the best solutions

Market leader in FTIR in terms of performance,
reliability and innovation
ABB Remote Sensing
Space business at a glance

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 12
Solutions for ground-based, airborne, and space borne optical
sensors

FTIR modules / Spectrometers

Spectral Imaging systems and hyperspectral imagers

Metrology systems and Fine control mechanisms

Front-end optics and telescopes

Calibration targets and systems

OGSE (Optical Ground Support Equipment)

Algorithms and software for ground segment and simulation

Instrument modeling and performance assessment

Level 0–1B processing
#1 global market leader in space borne FTS
ABB Remote Sensing
Signature technology: FTS

Worldwide recognized expertise
ABB is the only company having flown four FTS in space

3 interferometers are currently in orbit:
(2003 – … )
(2009 – … )
(2011 – … )
SciSat-1: ACE-FTS
GOSAT: TANSO-FTS
Suomi NPP: CrIS-FTS
(Polym FTS has flown on STS-34 in 1988)
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 13
ABB Remote Sensing
Products and engineering services
Custom
Instruments
+ Contract
Engineering
Environmental
monitoring
Weather forecasting
Atmospheric
Science
Astronomy
GOSAT: TANSO-FTS
Suomi NPP: CrIS
SciSat-1: ACE
SpIOMM IFU
Remote Gas
Detection
Remote IR
Characterization
Hyperspectal
Imaging
Meteorology, Climate
Atmospheric
CATSI Family
MR Series
Imaging MR
(85%)
Products
(15%)
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 14
AERI
ABB capabilities in space optics
Facilities and equipment
Infrastructures to build Space & Defense hardware

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 15
Clean rooms (5) & laboratories ▪ ESD workbenches
Environmental chamber
▪ Beryllium safe area
Thermal vacuum chambers (4) ▪ 3D printer
Vibration test setup
Precision optical test equipment
CMM (2, Cleanroom & lab)
Optical Ground Segment Equipment
ABB has a world-class calibration capability, being involved
on four Earth Observation Satellites (EOS) instruments.
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 16
Simulators and Ground Segment processing

ABB masters all aspects of physical modelization for
simulation as well as algorithms for front-end processing
of spaceborne interferometer remote sensing data

Developed software for different space programs:

Ground Segment MIPAS and MERIS (ESA)

Spectroradiometer Performance Simulators

Space Instrument System Simulators
Hyperspectral
Instrument
Simulator (HySIS)
Simulates airborne &
spaceborne dispersive
imaging pushbroom
spectrometers and
other types of spectral
imagers
MIPAS
End-to-End Simulator
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 17
Atmospheric and environmental
MICRO/NANO SATELLITES

Planetary exploration missions
Fast payload development
Constellation of satellites for global
coverage and short revisit time
– PIWI
– MINT
SMALL SATELLITES

Dedicated science missions with
limited number of instruments
– SciSat-1: ACE-FTS
LARGE SATELLITES

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July 27, 2012 | Slide 18
Multi-instrument operational missions – NPOESS/NPP: CrIS, IASI
Geosynchronous sounders
– HES, MTG
Multi-instrument science missions
– EnviSat: MIPAS, MERIS
– TES, MOPITT, GOSAT
– AIRS, SOFIS
Delivery of key flight hardware (1988 – 2012)
SCISAT
ACE-FTS
Polym FTS
(Shuttle STS-34)
1990
MOPITT
Calibration
Sources
1995
MIPAS
OGSE-1
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July 27, 2012 | Slide 19
SOFIS
INT-EM
CrIS
INT-FM1
GOSAT
CrIS
INT-FM
Calibration
Source FM1
TES
Calibration
Sources
2000
MIPAS
OGSE-2,
AIRS OGSE
CrIS
INT-FM2
2005
CrIS
OGSE-1
2010
CrIS
OGSE-2
FGS
OGSE-2
Sample key programs
GOSAT/Ibuki
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 20
A remote sensing product: AERI™
Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 21
AERI is a ground based instrument for atmospheric profile
determination in the planetary boundary layer and lower
tropospheric levels, allowing:

Weather forecasting

Air quality monitoring

Analysis of cloud and aerosol properties

IR modeling for spectroscopic applications

Characterization of land and oceanic surfaces

Airport fog monitoring

etc.
AERI is also a remote sensing tool designed to improve
the understanding of climate and environmental Earth
system trends
ABB imager solution: MR‐I products

MR-i, last addition to the MR Series products line
Spectroradiometer with imaging capabilities
- dual bands (MWIR/LWIR, MWIR/MWIR, etc)
- up to 256 x 256 pixels
- 0.6 to 32 cm-1 spectral resolution
- up to 88 cubes/s

Equivalent to 2 imaging spectroradiometers perfectly
synchronized and controlled via a single interface

R&D applications:
Infrared
Gas
target characterisation
detection
Chemical

identification & quantification
Future market:
Environmental
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 22
monitoring & research
PARIS roadmap
High-resolution solar occulting
PARIS
ACE Cal/Val,
UoWaterloo,
Canada
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 23

PARIS, a ground-model of ACE developed for the University of
Waterloo and University of Toronto with the support of the CSA

PARIS was the precursor of 4 additional similar instruments for
ground-based or airplane-based solar occulting
TOKYO
GOSAT demo
JAXA
Japan
TSUKUBA
GOSAT CAL/VAL
(airplane)
NIES
Japan
BEIJING
C-ACE demo
BVS/WWSC
China
CARVE
(Pasadena)
GHG measurement
in the arctic
(airplane)
JPL (USA)
The Arctic is warming much faster than the global average

Estimated that 1000–2000 PgC are currently stored in
permafrost and frozen soils

High latitude climate change amplification
3–6x of the ~350 PgC released from fossil fuel
combustion since 1850
Increasing temperatures threaten to mobilize permafrost C
into dynamic cycling, creating a potentially massive
perturbation to the climate system

How much C is vulnerable to release?

How fast might it be released?

What fraction would be released as CO2? As CH4?

Are there signatures that an irreversible climate
system “tipping point” is approaching?
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 24
Soil temperature trends
Brown et al., 2001
[NSIDC]

Osterkamp, 2003
Airborne solution: CARVE
Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment
Alaska permafrost domains
The CARVE Flight System
Twin Otter + Science Instruments
The CARVE Science instruments include
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 25

PALS (Passive-Active L-band System)—surface control variables

FTS—Column CO2, CH4, and CO

ISGA (In situ Gas Analyzer)—atmospheric trace gas concentrations
FTS Links CARVE to Satellite Observations
Averaging kernels for detection of atmospheric
CO2 for OCO (blue) and AIRS (red). OCO and
AIRS information can be combined to yield
vertically resolved CO2 profiles.
1
10
pressure (mb)
a priori
AIRS+OCO
AIRS alone
OCO alone
2
10
3
10
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0
2
4
6
8
10
uncertainty (ppmv)
12
14
CARVE: delivered in 2011
Success in test-flights
The Carbon in Artic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiments (CARVE): Results from 2012
FTS Test-Flights and Ground Based Observations
Thomas P. Kuroso, Charles E. Miller, Steven J.Dinardo
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 27
POLYM: POLYmer Morphology Experiment
1989, first instrument in space

In 1988, ABB-Bomem supplied to 3M the FTIR sub-system
for the POLYM Space Shuttle instrument for the study of
polymers under microgravity

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 28
The POLYM instrument consisted of a FTIR including
source, detector and electronics, coupled to a
dedicated sampling system

ABB-Bomem developed the interferometer subsystem
based on standard parts of an MB100 spectrometer

The instrument flew and operated successfully on board
STS-34 Atlantis Space Shuttle launched on October 18,
1989
Aura: TES
On-board calibration system

The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) is a high
resolution FTIR used to measure and profile many gases
important for tropospheric physics and chemistry

ABB built the On-Board Calibration Subsystem (OBCS)
that allows the radiometric and spatial calibration of the
TES instrument during flight

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 29
On the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura polar
orbiting platform launched on July 15, 2004
The OBCS comprised a blackbody source providing a
known infrared signal for the radiometric calibration of
the spectrometer, plus a spatial calibration source
used for the monitoring of the relative positions of the
four TES focal planes, as well as a set of control
electronics
Terra: MOPITT
On-board calibration system
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 30

MOPITT, Measurement of Pollution In The Troposphere,
is an Canadian Space Agency (CSA) instrument flying on
NASA’s EOS Terra spacecraft, measuring tropospheric
CO on a global scale

ABB-Bomem designed and built the in-flight calibration
sources for the MOPITT instrument

MOPITT was launched on December 18, 1999, and has
been operational ever since

ABB also developed the ground calibration source
SciSat-1: ACE-FTS
Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment

ABB was the prime contractor of ACE, the main instrument of
the Canadian Space Agency’s satellite SciSat-1

ACE is a high spectral resolution FTIR (0.02 cm–1) operating in
solar occultation providing high sensitivity and broad spectral
coverage with a measurement time of 2 s per spectrum

It measures concentration profiles of more than 40 gases in
the atmosphere, including Ozone and CFC’s

ACE/SciSat-1 was successfully launched on August 12, 2003
and continues to deliver exceptional results

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 31
Application: Ozone chemistry and Atmospheric Research
It’s performance still exceeds original
CSA requirements after more than
4 times its original design lifetime
GOSAT: TANSO-FTS
Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite

TANSO-FTS is the main instrument of the GOSAT
Satellite used by JAXA to measure greenhouse gases

Prime contractor was NEC-Toshiba Space Systems

ABB designed and built the Michelson interferometer and
its control electronics

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 32
In particular precise total column density of CO2 and
methane over defined regions of the globe
Design is based on ACE/SciSat-1 and SOFIS heritage

ABB delivered the flight model in 2007

GOSAT/IBUKI satellite successfully operating on-orbit
since launch on January 23, 2009
JWST/FGS Optical Ground Support Equipment
Fine Guidance Sensor & Tunable Filter Interferometer

Key elements of the Canadian contribution to the James
Web Space Telescope (JWST) for test and
characterization of performance of the observatory guiding
camera

Simulates incoming light from the telescope with 25 stars
precisely positioned on the curved focal surface

OGSE operated at 30 K

Produced to flight standard
for cleanliness

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 33
Canadian contribution to JWST > 150 M$
ABB was contracted by ComDev
FGS/TFI instrument before cryogenic testing
ABB’s
OGSE
NPP/JPSS: CrIS
Cross-track Infrared Sounder

CrIS is an FTIR for weather forecasting from low earth orbit

CrIS provides measurements of scene radiance to allow the
retrieval of temperature, pressure, and humidity distributions

A key instrument of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS, formerly
NPOESS), the next generation of US polar-orbiting weather satellites
ABB is responsible for the design and manufacturing of the
Michelson interferometers, calibration sources and algorithms

FM-1 launched on-board NPP on October 20, 2011

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 34
60 persons at its peak
Over 200 000 engineering hours
Delivery of 2 operational-class flight models
Very positive initial results

FM-2 unit delivered in spring 2012

ABB was contracted by IIT Exelis
PCW: Polar Communications and Weather mission
Canadian Mission

Canada is considering to place a pair of satellites in highly
elliptical orbit, allowing continuous quasi-geostationary
observations over the high latitudes (> 70º) of northern
hemisphere, to provide communication services and to
collect weather imagery over the Artic regions

ABB, within the industrial team leaded by MDA, developed
a concept for the meteorological multi-spectral imager

ABB awarded STDP for study of new generation
operational GEO imagers ($5.7 million contract)

21 channel imager with spatial resolution from
0.5 km to 2 km with 15 minutes refresh rate

Project Phase A completed in 2011

Anticipated to begin operations in 2017
ABB also awarded Phase A study for PHEOS (Polar Highly
Elliptical Orbit Science), a science payload instrument
PHEOS Mission Objectives

The project aims to enhance the PCW meteorological
mission

The data provided by the PHEOS payload are important for
operational numerical weather prediction
The PHEOS instrument addresses directly the two
following elements of the PCW URD:

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 36
Improve climate process modeling and weather forecasting,
Better understand the impact of industrial and agricultural
pollution and Boreal forest burning on the Arctic
Assess perturbations due to the increasing release of methane
from the permafrost and from shallowly buried Clathrates
Atmospheric and air quality monitoring
Climate change monitoring
And it supports the Weather and Environmental
Forecasting element
Development on ACE-like Instruments

MATMOS on ExoMars

CASS

Compact FTS for space
exploration - FISS

Feasibility studies
completed

Goal: Provide continuity of composition measurements in
stratosphere and upper troposphere between end of ACE,
EOS Aura missions and GACM (6 years +).

Instrument to be built on the heritage of ACE-FTS

ABB involved in studies to define instrument interfaces in
different environment options and to include some
improvements identified in the SOAR program.

Mission Option under study :
Launch ACE on a Canadian-built spacecraft based on
Magellan’s bus (would include CASS-CATS instrument
and guest instrument)
Our Product Development Process
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 39
ABB Analytical
Engineering team
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 40
Complexity
Product development process (PDP)
Waterfall and iterative at the same time
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 41
Engineering Team
PDP – Mindset
Fail early and often but not to avoid mistakes
Edison noted that the real measure of success is the number of
experiments that can be crowded into 24 hours. Failures should not
be confused with mistakes. Failure can be a desirable outcome of an
experiment. This is what enables us to learn and go forward to reach
success!
Best Practice: “Proof of Concept” before FCR - before starting
the
design. Systematically removing risk as early as possible is embedded and
enforced into our PDP process and in the Mindset of our Engineering staff.
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 42
System engineering team
Roles and responsibilities
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 43

Translate customer needs into engineering language (Voice of customer)

Technical leadership in the project

Manage requirements

Define concept and architecture

Guide system design activities

Lead failure mode analysis and system reliability

Responsible of project technical risk

Develop verification and validation / acceptance strategy

Ensure the compliance of the system

Support procurement, productization, service and maintenance activities

Lead technical proposals and support business development
System engineering team
Understand customer needs
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 44

Operational Concept
Document
What is the problem
domain
System context

Use cases define
System
Boundaries
Interfaces
Actors
Functions
Requirements management

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 45
User requirements comprehension
System requirements definition and flow down
Verification method
Traceability
Sub-system and module requirements flow down
=>Compliance matrix delivery
Designing an optical sensor
Challenges
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 46

In control of the costs and the schedule

Large team

Principal

Sub contractor, partner, supplier

High reliability and quality

Configuration control & documentation management

Norms, standards & regulations

Intellectual Property management
Industrial Research Chair in Atmospheric Remote
Sounding
NSERC/ABB/CSA

Chairholder:

Objective:

© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 47
Pr Charles Thomas McElroy (Department of Earth and
Space Science and Engineering - York University)
Design, build and ultimately deploy new, innovative
remote-sounding instruments that will address significant
atmospheric themes involving climate change processes,
air-quality issues and the recovery of the ozone layer
Development of technologies with commercial applications and
the resulting instruments, made available to the global
atmospheric community will likely include participation in one
or more space missions
In summary
Space optics addressing global challenges™
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 48

ABB designs, manufactures and markets high-performance
optical sensors for industrial processes, space and defense
markets

ABB is the largest Canadian supplier of space-based optical
sensors for atmospheric and weather applications

ABB is also a top quality manufacturing production line for
fabrication of high-end complex optical systems

Aggressive growth plan for the coming years

Very good prospects for advancement and career
progression

Your participation for understanding climate changes
Contact Us
ABB Analytical
Florent Bouguin Ing, M.Sc, Systems Engineering supervisor
585 Charest Boulevard East, Suite 300
Quebec, (Quebec), G1K 9H4, Canada
Tel:
418 877-2944 x201
Cell:
418 573-5216
florent.k.bouguin@ca.abb.com
www.abb.com/analytical
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 49
Thank you for your attention
© ABB Group
July 27, 2012 | Slide 50