1286 Tippecanoe and Tyler

Transcription

Munsey –––––––––––––––––– Tippecanoe & Tyler Too –––––––––––––––––––––––––
June 19, 2012 – FINAL DRAFT
Cecil Munsey, PhD
13541 Willow Run Road
Poway, CA 92064-1733
USA
PHONE:
858-487-7036
E-MAIL: cecilmunsey@cox.net
Website Article:
No. 1286
Date: 6/19/12
Words: 2,524
Rights: First Serial
Photos / Illus: 53
Price: Open
Periodical: Open
Category: History
(Fig. 1. Tippecanoe)
“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”
Researched, illuminated and presented
by
Cecil Munsey, PhD
Copyright © 2012
1
2
“Tippecanoe” was William Henry
Harrison (Fig. 2) who became the ninth president
of the United States.
He was born on February 9, 1773, in
Berkeley County, Virginia, the third son of
Benjamin Harrison, signer of the Declaration of
Independence.
In November of 1811, at the age of 39, just
before the War of 1812, he was appointed
governor of the Indiana Territory. After he was
(Fig. 2. William Henry
Harrison)
appointed Governor he defeated a force led by
Tecumseh and a confederacy of Native Americans (Shawnee) at the Battle of
Tippecanoe Creek (Fig. 3) in which he led American forces against the Indians.
(Fig. 3. 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe [with Indians])
It was his policies as territorial governor that were responsible for the Indian
uprising to begin with. That military victory later became the key to his election as
President in 1841.
During the War of 1812, Harrison captured Detroit and defeated a British
force on the Thames River in Ontario. This battle established ongoing control of the
western territory.
3
He was elected and represented North Bend, Ohio in the Ohio House of
Representatives from 1816 to 1819 and the Ohio Senate from 1825 to 1828.
He ran for U. S. president in 1841 (Fig. 4).
During the campaign Harrison utilized a variety of
campaign items to project his message to the
electorate. Some of the items, include Figs 5; 6; 7;
8; 9; and 10. The banner featured as illustration
9, with the “TIP & TY” slogan, was derived from the
song featured in Fig. 10 as “Tippecanoe and Tyler
too” and was originally published as “Tip and Ty.”
Alexander Coffman Ross, a jeweler of Zanesville,
Ohio, wrote the song in 1840. It was written to the
(Fig. 4. William Henry
Harrison)
minstrelsy song, “Little Pigs.” There were many variations on the song. It has been
called a “…satirical, expandable text that permitted, nay urged, singers to add their
own lines.”
(Fig. 6. Tippecanoe self-framed tin advertising sign)
(Fig. 5. Harrison 1840 presidential campaign
ribbon Danvers, Massachusetts delegation –
engraving by G. G. Smith)
(Fig. 7. William Henry Harrison
Campaign Rally Silk Ribbon
09/10/1840)
(Fig. 8. Tippecanoe Club Ribbon
William Henry Harrison Prez
Campaign 1840)
(Fig. 9. Tippecanoe & Tyler Too 1840 political banner)
4
(Fig. 10. Sheet Music for Tippecanoe and Tyler Too © G. E.
Blake of Philadelphia 1840)
5
6
Harrison campaigned vigorously and won. After giving the longest
inauguration speech in U.S. history (about 1 hour, 45 minutes, in freezing cold
weather), Harrison served as President for only one month before dying of
pneumonia on April 4, 1841. As president that was the shortest term of any
President in history. He was the first U. S. President to die in office.
His place in history is more marked by his military career than his short
presidency. He is also remembered as being the first president to use a campaign
slogan – “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too.” Later he and his grandson Benjamin
Harrison are the only grandfather-grandson duo to serve as Presidents of the United
States.
SIDEBAR: During his lifetime the following men were Presidents of
the United States – (1) George Washington, (2) John Adams, (3)
Thomas Jefferson, (4) James Madison, (5) James Monroe, (6) John
Quincy Adams, (7) Andrew Jackson, and (8) Martin Van Buren.
CAMPAIGN SLOGAN TO MEDICINE
Hulbert Harrington Warner (18421923) was a Rochester, New York businessman
(Fig. 11) who made his fortune from the sales of
patent (proprietary) medicines. He was born near
Syracuse, New York, in a small settlement called
Warners that was named after his grandfather
Seth Warner, who had moved there in 1807 from
Stockbridge, Massachusetts.
In 1865, Warner moved to Michigan to
engage in the stove and hardware business. In
(Fig. 11. H. H. Warner steelengraved portrait)
1870, Warner moved to Rochester and entered into the first business that would
7
make him a millionaire – selling fire- and burglar-proof safes (Fig. 11a). The
demand for safes had escalated dramatically after the discovery of oil in western
Pennsylvania; by decade's end, it is estimated that Warner and his sales agents had
sold 60,000 safes worth an estimated $10 million ($241 million in present terms).
(Fig. 11a. Warner-built actual safe for which the products were named)
Patent medicines
Based upon the history recounted in Warner's
early almanacs, Warner used a portion of the wealth he
accumulated from the safe business to purchase the
formula for a patent medicine from Dr. Charles Craig of
Rochester. Warner had developed an unexpectedly
severe case of Brightʼs Disease, a kidney ailment. “While
close to death, Warner used a vegetable concoction sold
by Craig and was restored to health.” Based upon his
admiration for Craig's Original Kidney Cure (Fig. 12),
(Fig. 12. Craig Kidney Cure
Company bottle)
8
Warner purchased the formula and the rights to the product and in 1879 introduced
his own Warner's Safe Kidney & Liver Cure.
Although Warner's early publications herald Craig's potions (Fig. 13) as a
revelation, references to Craig soon disappeared from Warner's advertising, and
ultimately the two ended up in court when Craig attempted to re-enter the patent
medicine business with a cure remarkably similar to the one he had sold to Warner
in 1879.
(Fig. 13. Craig's products)
H. H. Warnerʼs products
In addition to his (paper-labeled) Kidney & Liver Cure (Fig. 14 & 14a); Warner
also introduced a Safe Nervine (Fig. 15); his standard (amber) Tippecanoe bottle
(Fig. 16); Green Safe Diabetes Cure bottle (Fig. 17), Safe Tonic, Safe Tonic Bitters,
Safe Bitters, Safe Rheumatic Cure (Fig. 18), Safe Pills, and later in 1883 his
Tippecanoe Bitters (Fig. 19 & 20) that was fashioned after President Benjamin
Henry Harrisonʼs 1840s campaign slogan, “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”. Some of the
bottles came in unusual colors (Fig. 21 and were patented Fig. 22), appeared in a
unique bottle, which featured an embossed safe on the front (Fig. 23). This drew
9
upon his earlier safe business and implied to his potential customers that his product
posed no risk –they were safe.
(Fig. 14. Warner's Safe Kidney & Liver Cure Kidney)
(Fig. 14a. Safe bottles in colors)
Munsey –––––––––––––––––– Tippecanoe & Tyler Too ––––––––––––––––––––––––– 10
(Fig. 15. Half pint Warner's Safe
Nervine
(Fig. 17. (green) Warner's Safe
Diabetes Cure)
(Fig. 16. Tippecanoe Bitters)
(Fig. 18. Warner's Safe Rheumatic Cure)
(Fig. 19. Tippecanoe advertisement)
(Fig. 20. (rare green)
Tippecanoe bottle)
(Fig. 21. Warner Safe Cure Frankfurt [blue/green bottle])
(Fig. 22. Tippecanoe bottle patent drawing)
(Fig. 23. bottle featuring an embossed safe)
In January of 1884, Warner opened his new Rochester headquarters in a
lavish multi-story building on St. Paul Street (Fig. 24 & 25). The H. H. Warner
Building became the centerpiece of his medicine production and turned out an
estimated 7,000 US gallons of “Safe Cure” per day. It also served as the
headquarters for his promotional department, which published an untold number of
almanacs and advertising circulars distributed with his medicines to local druggists
and grocers. The Warner Building still exists today and houses a variety of
businesses. Its granite façade still bears the initial "W".
(Fig. 24. H. H. Warner Remedies building on
St. Paul Street in Rochester, New York)
(Fig. 25. H. H. Warner Building)
Advertising
Warner had a great gift. He had a genuine talent for advertising. Perhaps he
had learned some tips from Rochesterʼs numerous nurserymen who were
outstanding advertisers. At any rate, he was sending out up to 150,000 pieces of
advertising per day at an annual cost of $500,000. He sent out samples of the Safe
Cure, almanacs, cookbooks, letters containing testimonials and bold, colored posters
promoting his patented potions and pills. The advertising was usually done by one
of Rochester's lithographic firms. An 1884 catalog of city industries lists an ad from
Mensing & Stecher Lithographers. Their paragraph reads:
"The house has just executed for Messrs. H. H. Warner & Co.,
the celebrated Safe Remedy manufacturers, a cover for a pamphlet,
the circulation of which exceeds the enormous figures of ten million
copies."
Through this massive advertising technique his business rapidly expanded to
the point where new facilities were needed. In 1883 he proposed to build an eight
story, 4¼-acre structure to hold his expanding laboratories, mailing, storage and
bottling rooms plus more generous shipping facilities. Additionally he needed a
whole floor devoted to his latest development, "Warner's Safe Yeast." Mr. Warner
therefore, took an option on a St. Paul Street location and sought a special variance
from the City for a wider street.
Happily, on Hulbert's forty-second birthday in 1884, his splendid, new factory
was completed. At the celebration, Warner received perhaps the biggest birthday
gift any Rochesterian was ever presented. The $250,000 block would handle 7000
gallons of "tonic" per day, enough to fill up 56,000 brown bottles to be sold at
$1.25 each. That would bring in a return of $70,000 daily. That was quite a
satisfactory income in the 1880s.
Log Cabin Remedies
In 1887, Warner introduced a new
product line, which he called his Log
Cabin Remedies (Fig. 26). Unlike his
Safe Cures, these products appeared in
amber bottles with three slanted panels
with the name of the particular remedy
embossed. The bottles were in red, white,
blue, and yellow boxes that featured the
image of a log cabin viewed from a
window. The Log Cabin Remedies did not
replace the Safe Cure line; they only
supplemented it. Warner realized that the
nation was in a headlong race for
expansion westward and his marketing
pitch appealed to the American desire for
self-reliance. Indeed, the entire thrust of
Warner's marketing from its inception can
(Fig. 26. 1888 Log Cabin remedies
artists album reverse)
best be described as appealing to his customer's desire to heal “thyself.”
Warner's Foreign Offices
Based upon his success in marketing his Safe Cure products in the United
States, Warner quickly decided to expand his operation internationally. In 1883, he
opened offices in Toronto and London. The bottles from Toronto have become
known as "3-Cities", because they featured the names of all of his offices at that
time: Rochester, London, and Toronto.
In 1887, he opened offices in Melbourne, Austraila and Frankfurt, Germany.
In 1888, he expanded to Pressburg in Hungary; however, this office lasted only two
years. In 1891, he opened an office in Dundein, New Zealand; the bottles from that
office have become known as "4-Cities", bearing the names of Rochester, Toronto,
London, and Melbourne. The Dundein office was likely little more than a laboratory
and, in fact, bottles from the Melbourne and Dundein offices were likely produced in
either Rochester or London and shipped to the southern-hemisphere offices due to
the primitive state of glass production that existed there at the time.
Warner's advertising also boasts offices in Kreuslingen, Switzerland; Brussels; and
Paris. No bottles with these cities embossed have ever appeared, and only one
bottle labeled in French is known to exist.
Warner's offices lasted well into the 20th century, with the Rochester office
closing around 1944 during World War II.
Philanthropy and failure
.
Warner's patent-medicine empire reached its pinnacle in the late 1880s and
began its gradual decline. Flush with success, Warner spent money on highly
speculative investments in mining, all of which failed. In an effort to generate more
capital, he took the company public, which did generate some revenue.
He sold the company to an English investment group in 1889, which
incorporated it as H. H. Warner & Co., Ltd.
Warner bought up 80 percent of the English stock, and took the position of
managing director of the company. However, Warner's speculative investments and
his waning interest in the business took its toll.
During the Spanish American War (1898-1900), Warner used Private Die
Proprietary Revenue Stamps on their products to show they had paid the revenue
tax assessed (Figs. 27-31). Such revenue stamps were used extensively during the
Civil War and the Spanish American War on a wide variety of taxed products and
were saved by many stamp collectors. They are easy to acquire today from stamp
dealers and represent quite a range of proprietary medicines of the period.
(Fig. 27. revenue stamp-rs254)
After the wars, manufacturers were reluctant to give up their use because the
stamps had become a popular form of advertising. Facsimile labels and bottle seals
were used for many years after the official U. S. revenue stamps were discontinued
(Fig. 32 & 33).
(Fig. 32. Warner facimilie bottle label)
(Fig. 33. warner bottle seal)
When the Panic of 1893 hit, Warner was unable to generate additional capital
through stock sales and was forced into bankruptcy. The American branch of his
company was sold to a group of Rochester investors, who continued to operate it as
the Warner's Safe Remedies Company.
Life After Safe Cure
After failing in Rochester, Warner lived for a
time in New York City, then moved to Philadelphia,
where he may have attempted to start a new patent
medicine business, although this is unconfirmed. He
ultimately landed in Minneapolis, where he
promoted the NuEra Manufacturing Co. (Fig. 34),
also known as Neura Remedy Co., with the help of
his common-law wife Christina de Martinez. He also
operated the Warner Renowned Remedies
Company, which produced some products offered
by mail order.
(Fig. 34. Renowned
Remedies Dentalpowder of
the NuEra Mfg. Co)
Warner died in January, 1923, and is buried alongside his first wife, Martha,
in Lakeview Cemetery in Skaneateles, NY (Fig. 35).
(Fig. 35. Warner family grave marker at
Lakeview Cemetery in Skaneateles, NY)
His legacy is his patent medicine empire that produced remedies sold around
the world as well as the bottles in which those remedies were contained. Collectors
prize those bottles and related advertisements and other relics. See some examples
as Figs. 36-50.
(Fig. 36a. 1887-beacon-light-of-safety-almanac)
(Fig. 36b. 1886-girl-in-safe-almanac)
(Fig. 37. 1888-artists-album-jackson)
(Fig. 38. 1888-artists-album-moran)
(Fig. 39. 1920s-renowned-remedies-catalog)
(Fig. 40. Tippecanoe Warner's Artist's Album advertising page)
(Fig. 41. Warner's Safe Cure is life live saving poster)
(Fig. 42. Rarest Warners bottle with a
four cities embossed on bottle Safe
Diabetes Cure)
(Fig. 44. Warner's Safe Nervine)
(Fig. 43. Warner's Safe Cure (three cities)
bottle)
(Fig. 45. (standard amber)
Tippecanoe bottle)
(Fig. 46. Warner's Safe Cure (obverse) of free sample offer [obverse])
(Fig. 47. Warner's Safe Cure free sample offer [reverse])
(Fig. 48. Warner's Safe Yeast)
(Fig. 49. 1891 warners safe almanac)
Selected References
Books:
Lederer, Richard. “Presidential Trivia.” – The Feats, Fates, Families, Foibles, and
Firsts of our American Presidents. Santa Barbara, CA: Gibbs Smith, 2009.
Atwater, Edward C., "Hulbert Harrington Warner and the Perfect Pitch: Sold Hope,
Made Millions," New York History,56(2): 154-190 (1975).
Seeliger, Michael, "H. H. Warner: His Company & His Bottles," (1974).
Stecher, Jack, "H. H. Warner: World Renowned Patent Medicine King Biographical
Sketch," Applied Seals (April 22, 2001).
Ash L., and Orihel, T.C.: “A Guide to Laboratory Procedures and Identification.”
American Society of Clinical Pathologists, Chicago, 1987.
Bethard, Wayne. “Lotions, Potions,and Deadly Elxirs – Frontier Medicine in
America” New York, Toronto, Oxford: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2004.
Bogitsh, B.J. and Cheng, T.C.: “Human Parasitology.” WB Saunders, Philadelphia,
1990.
Jeffery, H.C., Leach R. M.: “Atlas of Medical Helminthology and Protozoology.”
Churchhill Livingstone. Edinburgh, 1968.
McKearin, Helen: “Bottles, Flasks and Dr. Doytt.” New York: Crown Publishers,
Inc., 1970.
Munsey, Cecil. “The Illustrated Guide to BOTTLE COLLECTING.” New York:
Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1970.
Smyth, J.D.: “The Physiology of Trematodes.” Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1966
Internet:
http://home.earthlink.net/~halloween_magenta/hearse song.html
http://www.austincc.edu/microbio/2704r/dm.htm
http://www.rmca.org/Articles/worms.htm
http://www.ohiostatehouse.org/education/President.aspx?preside
http://warnersafeblog.wordpress.com/2008/05/09/warner-safe
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/History/presidents/President
http://www.presidentsusa.campaignslogans.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Whose_campaign_slogan_was_Tippecanoe
http://president.wikia.com/wiki/Whig_Party
http://blog.smithsonianstudenttravel.com/2012/04/famous-presi…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulbert_Harringyon_Warner
http://www.squidoo.com/oldwestpatentmedicine
http://www.ncbi.nin.nih.gov/books/NBK8282/
http://www.quackwatch.com/13HxTM/03.html
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey+12321
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vermifuge
http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Ni-Raa/Patent-Medicine
http://www.bottlebooks.com/Jayne/Jayne%20Family%20Medicine
http://www.hagely.org/library/exhibits/patentmed/drjaynes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election
http://www.crookedlakereview.com/articles/101135/135spring
FAIR USE NOTICE
Fair use notice: Some material in this article was originally published by the sources above
and is copyrighted. It is offered here as an educational tool to increase further understanding
and discussion of bottle collecting and related history. It is believed that this constitutes “fair
use” of the copyrighted material as provided for in Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Law. If
you wish to use this material for purposes of your own that go beyond “fair use,” you must
obtain permission from the copyright owner(s).
Website notitice and CONTACT INFORMATION
http://www.CecilMunsey.com
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And other materials of interest to bottle collectors and historians
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Poway, CA 92064-1733
Phone: 858-487-7036
E-mail: cecilmunsey@cox.net
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1286 Tippecanoe and Tyler

Transcription

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