Hugh Dubberly Paul Pangaro Usman Haque - REA

FORUM
O N M O D EL I N G
EDITOR
Hugh Dubberly
hugh@dubberly.com
Hugh Dubberly
Dubberly Design Office | hugh@dubberly.com
Paul Pangaro
Cybernetic Lifestyles | pan@pangaro.com
Usman Haque
Haque Design + Research Ltd. | usman@haque.co.uk
An HCI View
[1] Davis, M. Toto, I ve
Got a Feeling We re Not
in Kansas Anymore .
15, no.5
(2008).
A Design-Theory View
[2] Buchanan, R.
Branzi s Dilemma:
Design in contemporary
culture. Design Issues
14, no. 1 (1998).
[3] Maldonado, T. and
G. Bonsiepe. Science
and Design, Journal
of the Ulm School for
Design 10/11. HfG Ulm,
Ulm, 1964.
Man-Machine system
69
Don Norman s gulf of execution and evaluation
Don Norman s seven stages of action
[4] Norman, D. A. The
Design of Everyday
Things. New York: Basic
Books, 2002.
[5] Norman, D. A.
Personal correspondence, 31 October
2008.
[6] Verplank, B.
Interaction Design
Sketchbook, February
2001. (unpublished
manuscript.)
[7] Pangaro, P. New
Order from Old: The
Rise of Second-Order
Cybernetics and
Implications for Machine
Intelligence. Keynote
presentation given
at the annual conference of the American
Society for Cybernetics,
Vancouver, Canada,
October 1988. < http://
pangaro.com/NOFO>
[8] Cooper, A. The
Inmates Are Running the
Asylum. SAMS,1999.
[9] Haque, U. Personal
correspondence, 25
August 2008.
70
A Systems-Theory View
FORUM
Bill Verplank s interaction model
O N M O D EL I N G
Types of systems
Types of Systems
71
Water cycle
[10] Debatty, R.
Interview with Douglas
Edric Stanley. Weblog.
We Make Money Not
Art. 5 June 2006.
< http://www.we-makemoney-not-art.com/
archives/2006/06/canyou-tell-us.php>
Linear system
Self-regulating system
72
Learning system
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LEVELS OF SYSTEMS
1. the level of Frameworks
Only the geography and anatomy of the subject is described and analyzed; a kind of system of static
relations [Most architecture and graphic design systems are of this type.]
2. the level of Clockworks
Machines that are determined
3. the level of Thermostats
The level of control in mechanical and cybernetical [sic] systems
4. the level of the Cell
As an open and self-maintaining system, having a through-put that transforms unpredicted inputs into
outputs [what Maturana, Varela, and Uribe later called an autopoetic system]
5. the Genetic and Societal level
Of plants and accumulated cells
6. the level of the Animal
Specialized receptors, a nervous system, and an image
7. the Human level
All of the previous six
8. the level of the Social Organism
The unit at this level is a role, rather than a state; messages with content and meaning exist, and value
systems are developed
9. the level of Transcendental Systems
The ultimates and absolutes and the inescapables with systematic structure
plus self-consciousness. The system knows that it knows, and knows that it dies
Kenneth Boulding, as summarized by Horst Rittel [13]
[11] Cornock, S. and
E. Edmonds. The
Creative Process where
the Artist is Amplified
or Superseded by the
Computer. Leonardo 6
(1973): 11-16.
System Combinations
[12] Boulding, K.
General Systems
Theory: The Skeleton of
Science. Management
Science 2, no. 3 (1956).
[13] Rittel, H. The
Universe of Design. A
series of lectures given
at UC Berkeley, 1965.
[14] Pask, G.
Conversation
Theory: Applications
in Education and
Epistemology.
Amsterdam:
Elsevier,1976. (See
also an explication of
the model in the text
at http://pangaro.com/
L1L0/)
73
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS Hugh Dubberly manages a consultancy focused on making services and
software easier to use through interaction design
and information design. As vice president he was
responsible for design and production of
Netscape s Web services. For 10 years he was at
Apple, where he managed graphic design and corporate identity
and co-created the Knowledge Navigator series of videos. Dubberly
also founded an interactive media department at Art Center and
has taught at San Jose State, IIT/ID, and Stanford.
Paul Pangaro is the CTO at CyberneticLifestyles.
com in New York City, where he consults at the
intersection of product strategy, marketing, and
organizational dynamics. He is recognized as an
authority on search and related conversational
impedances in human-machine interaction, and on
entailment meshes, a highly rigorous framework for representing
knowledge. He was CTO of several startups, including Idealab s
Snap.com, and was senior director and distinguished market strategist at Sun Microsystems. Paul has taught at Stanford University.
[15] Pangaro, P.
Participative Systems.
November 2000.
< http://www.pangaro.
com/PS/PS2005-v1b4up.pdf>
Usman Haque has created responsive environments, interactive installations, digital interface
devices, and mass-participation performances. His
skills include the design of both physical spaces
and the software and systems that bring them to
life. He has been an invited researcher at the
Interaction Design Institute in Ivrea, Italy, artist-in-residence at
Japan s International Academy of Media Arts and Sciences. Usman
has worked in the U.S., U.K., and Malaysia. As well as directing the
work of Haque Design + Research, he was, until 2005, a teacher in
the Interactive Architecture Workshop at the Bartlett School of
Architecture.
DOI: 10.1145/1456202.1456220
© 2009 ACM 1072-5220/09/0100 $5.00
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