Heart Yin Deficiency

Small
intestine
Excess
Heat 小肠
实热
Heart
infested by
fire and
phlegm痰火
扰神
Heart Qi
Deficiency
心气虚
Heart
Yang
Deficiency
心阳虚
Heart
Yang
Collapse
心阳暴脱
Heart and SI
Syndrome
Differentiation
Phlegm
Impaired
Mental
Facilities
痰蒙心神
Heart
Blood
Deficiency
心血虚
Heart Vessels
Obstruction
心脉痹阻
Hyperactivity
of Heart Fire
心火亢盛
Heart Yin
Deficiency
心阴虚
Heart and Small Intestine
• The heart and small intestine form an internalexternal relationship through mutual connection
and affiliation of their meridians.
• Heart yang goes down to the small intestine to
warm it and helps its process of receiving and
digesting the foodstuff by separating f the clear
from the turbid.
• The SI absorbs foodstuff essence and sends it
upward to the heart and the heart churns it to
become blood to nourish the heart-vessels.
Heart and Small Intestine
• The heart and small intestine functionally
serve each other and pathologically affect
each other.
• If heart fire gets hyperactive, the heat may
affect the small intestine, red tongue with
sore, scanty urine and dysuria manifested.
Heart Qi Deficiency Syndrome
心 气虚证
• Caused by chronic diseases; congenital
deficiency; aging; serious disease.
• Clinical manifestations: palpitation; chest distress;
short breath; lassitude; spontaneous sweating,
pale tongue, white coating and weak pulse.
• Insufficient heart qi leads to palpitation and chest
distress; heart lacks nourishment leads to
lassitude; sweat is fluid of the heart deficient
heart qi leads to spontaneous sweating;
insufficient qi fails to push blood resulted in pale
tongue with white coating and weak pulse
Heart Yang Deficiency Syndrome
心阳虚证
Causes
Worsen heart qi
deficiency leads to
cold limbs and other
yang deficiency
symptoms
Clinical
Manifestations
Palpitation, chest distress;
short breath; spontaneous
sweating, aversion to cold,
cold limbs, pale complexion
and pale and enlarged or
purple tongue with white and
slippery coating, faint pulse.
Declining heart yang
and hypofunction of the
heart bring about
palpitation
Syndrome
Analysis
Heart Yang Collapse Syndrome
心阳暴脱证
Distress and
pain in the
chest,
symptoms of
yang
exhaustion
syndrome
Exhaustion of Yang qi leads
to fluid depletion, causing
cold sweat and cold limbs;
failure of blood nourishing
the upper part of the body
leads to pale tongue and
pale complexion; collapse of
yang qi results in severe loss
of pectoral qi; deficient heart
yang causes retention of cold
in the channels and heart
vessel obstruction, stabbing
pain the chest, cyanotic lips
and purple tongue.
In addition to
manifesting heart
yang deficiency
syndrome, sudden
cold sweat, cold limbs,
faint breath, pale
complexion, or
stabbing pain in the
chest, cyanotic lips or
coma, pale or light
purple tongue and
weak pulse.
Syndrome
Common Points
Heart
Severe
yang
palpitation, chest
deficiency distress and
shortness of
Heart qi
breath, worse
deficiency
when active,
spontaneous
Heart
sweating
yang
collapse
Different
Points
Tongue
Characterist
ic and Pulse
Condition
Aversion to
cold and cold
limbs,
headache,
pale
complexion
Pale and
enlarged
tongue with
white and
greasy or dark
coating, faint
pulse
Pale
complexion
Pale tongue
with white
coating,
deficient pulse
Cold sweat,
cold limbs, faint
breath, pale
complexion,
cyanotic lips, or
coma
Pale or light
purple
tongue, faint
and thin
pulse.
Heart Blood Deficiency Syndrome
心血虚证
• palpitation or
severe
palpitation,
insomnia and
disturbed
sleep, dizziness,
pale and sallow
complexion,
pale lips and
tongue, weak
pulse.
• Insufficient blood,
malnutrition and
abnormal heart beat
caused palpitation;
failure of blood
nourishing the heart
results in insomnia
and disturbed sleep,
dizziness, pale or
sallow complexion,
pale lips and tongue
and weak pulse
• Palpitation,
insomnia,
disturbed
sleep and
other
symptoms
of blood
deficiency
syndrome
Heart Yin Deficiency Syndrome
心阴虚证
• Palpitation or severe palpitation, insomnia and
disturbed sleep, restlessness, heat in the chest,
palms and soles, night sweating, dry mouth and
throat, red tongue with scanty saliva, thin and rapid
pulse.
• Deficiency of heart yin fails to nourish the heart
results in abnormal heart beat and palpitation,
disturbed sleep and restlessness; insufficient yin gave
rise to deficiency-heat , palms and soles, night
sweating, dry mouth and throat, red tongue with
scanty saliva and fine rapid pulse.
• Palpitation, insomnia, disturbed sleep and other
symptoms of yin deficiency syndrome.
Syndrome
Common points
Heart blood Palpitation
deficiency or severe
Heart yin
deficiency
palpitation,
insomnia,
disturbed
sleep
Different points
Tongue and pulse
characteristics
Amnesia,
Pale tongue,
dizziness, pale weak pulse
white or
sallow
complexion,
pale lips
Heat in the
chest, palms,
soles, tidal
fever, night
sweating,
flushed cheeks
Red tongue
with scanty
saliva, fine and
rapid pulse
Hyperactive Heart Fire Syndrome
心火亢盛证
Restlessness, insomnia, flushed face, thirst, ulcers in the mouth and tongue, red tongue, rapid pulse, or
mania with delirium accompanied with yellowish urine and painful urination and hematuria尿血.
Internal flaming of heart fire disturbs the mind results in insomnia, mania and delirium. Upward flaming of
the fire leads to ulcers in the mouth and tongue and flushed face. Fire also hurts body fluids results in thirst.
When heart fire invades the small intestine, dark urine with painful urination noticed. Injury of blood
vessels by fire caused hematuria.
Abnormal mental activities or ulcers in the mouth and tongue, accompanied with symptoms of excess heat
syndrome.
Obstruction of Heart Vessels Syndrome
心脉痹阻证
Palpitation or severe palpitation, distress and pain in the chest
and shoulder, back and the arm. Obesity patient may manifest
profuse phlegm, heavy body, severe dull pain, white and greasy
tongue, sunken and slippery pulse caused by heart vessel
blocked by phlegm. Cold accumulated in the heart vessel leads
to severe pain, alleviated by warmth, aversion to cold and cold
limbs, pale tongue with white coating, deep slow or deep tense
pulse. Stagnant qi obstructs the heart vessel causes distending
Deficient heart yang fails to warm and nourish the heart induces
abnormal heart beat and severe inadequate yang cause blood stasis
and phlegm accumulation and obstruct the heart vessel.
Palpitation or severe palpitation, occasional
distress and pain in the chest.
Syndrome
Common points
Different points
Tongue and pulse
characteristics
Heart vessel
blocked by blood
stasis
Palpitation or
severe palpitation,
occasional distress
and pain in the
chest and shoulder,
back and arm could
be affected.
Stabbing pain
Purple tongue, or
with ecchymosis or
spots, fine rough or
knotted
intermittent pulse
Severe distress in
the chest, obesity
with profuse
phlegm, heavy
body and lassitude
White and greasy
coating, deep
slippery pulse
Heart vessel
blocked by phlegm
Phlegm Impaired Mental Facilities
痰蒙心神证
• Dementia, unsound mind, or depression, selftalking, abnormal behavior; wheezing sputum in
the throat, coma, excessive sputum with chest
distress, greasy tongue coating and slippery
pulse.
• When the mind is blocked by phlegm, abnormal
mental activity emerged such as dementia or selftalking or coma.
• Abnormal mental activity, accompanied by
symptoms of internal excessive phlegm
syndrome.
Heart infested by fire and phlegm
痰火扰神证
• Coma, delirium and agitation can be externally
contracted where flaming of internal heat leads to
constipation and yellow urine.
• Vomiting or coughing of yellow sputum or wheezing in
the throat can be caused by internal exuberance of
phlegm and fire.
• Behavior indicating personality order such as violent
action, laughing and weeping without restraint can be
noticed.
• High fever, excessive phlegm, coma or restlessness,
insomnia and mania are key points in syndrome
differentiation.
Syndrome
Common points
Different
points
Phlegm
Impaired
Mental
Facilities
Abnormal
mental
activities,
accompanied
by internal
excessive
phlegm
Depressive
psychosis,
epilepsy,
dementia but
absence of
fire syndrome
Heart
infested by
fire and
phlegm
Restlessness,
agitation and
obvious heat
syndrome.
Tongue and
pulse
characteristics
Greasy tongue
coating,
slippery pulse
Red tongue
with yellow
greasy coating,
slippery and
rapid pulse.
Heart
infested by
fire and
phlegm
Phlegm
Impaired Mental
Facilities
By blood
stasis
Heart Qi
Deficiency
Heart Yang
Deficiency
Heart
Syndrome
Differentiation
Obstruction
of Heart
Vessels
Heart Blood
Deficiency
By phlegm
Accumulation
of cold
Accumulation
of qi
Collapse
of Heart
Yang
Hyperactive
Heart Yang
Heart Yin
Deficiency
Excess Heat of Small Intestine Syndrome
小肠实热证
Restlessness, insomnia, flushed face, dry mouth and throat, dark urine, pain in
the urinary duct, hematuria, red tongue with white coating and rapid pulse.
The heart and small intestine are interior-exterior related. Downward movement of
heat causes dysfunction of the small intestine and manifestations of heat symptoms.
Dark urine with burning pain and other symptoms of excess heart fire.
Lung and Large Intestine
• The purification and descent of lung qi is
conducive to the large intestine in conveyance of
the water.
• The smooth conveyance by the large intestine is
also beneficial to lung qi’s purification and
descent.
• If the lung qi fails in purification and descent, and
the fluid failed to send downwards, constipation
occurred due to intestinal dryness.
Lung Qi Deficiency Syndrome
肺气虚证
Clinical
Manifestations
• Weak coughing and panting, lassitude, weak voice, aversion to
cold, pale complexion, spontaneous sweating, pale tongue and
deficient pulse.
Syndrome
Analysis
• Insufficient lung qi leads to easy contraction of cough and
panting; Weak disperse of lung qi results in aversion to cold and
spontaneous sweating; Weak flow of qi and blood fails to
nourish the face leads to pale complexion.
Focal Points
• Weak coughing and panting, clear and thin
phlegm and other symptoms of qi deficiency.
Lung Yin Deficiency Syndrome
肺阴虚证
Dry cough with scanty
but sticky sputum, dry
mouth and throat, tidal
fever, heat in the chest,
palms and soles, night
sweating, flushed
cheeks, sometimes
coughing bloody
sputum, hoarse voice,
red tongue with scanty
coating and fine, rapid
pulse.
Insufficient lung yin and internal generation of
deficiency-heat leads to adverse qi rising and
coughing. Body fluids are scorched into
sputum and hence scanty sticky sputum.
Failure of Lung yin to rise to moisten the
throat and mouth caused dryness, tidal fever
and heat symptoms.
Heat attacked the lung vessels induce bloody
sputum.
When the throat lacks moistening from yin
fluid cause hoarse voice, red tongue with
scanty saliva, and fine and rapid pulse.
Dry cough
with no or
scanty but
sticky
sputum and
other
symptoms of
yin
deficiency
syndrome.
Wind-Cold Restraining the Lung syndrome
风寒束肺证
Clinical Manifestations
Syndrome Analysis
Key Characteristics
White thin and clear
sputum, stuffy nose
with watery
discharge, slight
aversion to cold,
mild fever, absence
of sweating, thin and
white tongue
coating, floating and
tense pulse.
Cold invaded the lung
channel restrains lung qi
from dispersing; adverse
flow of qi results in
cough, stuffy nose with
watery discharge.
Defensive qi obstructed
by wind-cold leads to
aversion to cold and
tense pulse;
confrontation between
healthy qi and pathogens
induced fire ; absence of
sweating is due to
obstruction of follicular
orifices.
Coughing,
panting, white
and thin sputum,
and other
symptoms of the
wind-cold
exterior
syndrome.
Wind-Heat Invading the Lung
Syndrome风热犯肺证
• Coughing thick yellow sputum, stuffy nose with yellow
and turbid discharge, fever, mild aversion to wind-cold,
dry mouth and sore throat, red tongue tip, thin yellow
tongue coating and floating rapid pulse.
• Wind-heat invaded the lung causing failure of lung qi to
disperse and descend and results in thick yellow
sputum, sore throat and stuffy nose; disorders of
defensive qi leads to fever and aversion to wind-heat;
• Cough, thick yellow sputum and other symptoms of
wind-heat.
Accumulating Heat in the Lung
Syndrome热邪壅肺证
• Expectoration of thick and yellow sputum, heavy
breath, high fever, or flaring of nares or chest pain,
expectoration of bloody pus and fishy smell sputum,
dry stools, dark urine, red tongue with white coating,
and slippery rapid pulse.
• Fever, cough and heavy breath are due to exuberance
of lung heat and dysfunction of ling qi in dispersion and
descent. Chest pain and flaring of nares, spitting of
fishy smell sputum are due to burning lung heat.
• Cough, excessive sputum and other symptoms of
interior excess heat syndrome.
Dryness Invading the Lung Syndrome
燥邪犯肺证
Dryness invasion of the lung results
in deficient body fluids, fever and
aversion to cold; lung lacks
moistening and lung qi fails to
descend and disperse caused dry
cough and little but sticky sputum
and difficult to expectorate; chest
pain and hemoptysis are due to fire
in the lung vessels. Injury to body
fluids by dry-heat results in rapid
pulse. Floating rapid pulse is seen in
the exterior syndrome
Dry cough,
scanty sputum
and other
symptoms of
dryness with
scanty body
fluids.
Dry cough, with a little but sticky
sputum or having difficulty to
expectorate; dry lips, tongue,
mouth, nose, throat and skin, or
fever with aversion to cold, or
chest pain, dry tongue with thin
coating and rapid pulse
Syndrome
Main
symptoms
Other symptoms
Tongue
characteristics
Wind-heat
invading the
lung
Cough with
thick and
yellow
sputum
Stuffy nose with
yellow and turbid
discharge, fever,
aversion to wind,
dry mouth and
sore throat
Red tongue tip, Floating rapid
with thin and
pulse
yellow tongue
coating
Accumulation
of heat in the
lung
Cough,
panting,
yellow
sputum
Thirst, restlessness, Red tongue
flaring of nares,
with yellow
nosebleed or
coating
hemoptysis, chest
pain, expectoration
of bloody pus and
fishy smell sputum
Dryness
invading the
lung
Dry cough Dry mouth, tongue,
with a little throat and skin,
but sticky
scanty sweating
sputum or
no sputum
Dry tongue
with thin
coating, scanty
saliva
Pulse condition
Slippery rapid
pulse
Rapid pulse
Phlegm-Dampness Obstructing the
Lung Syndrome痰湿阻肺证
• Cough, excessive sticky and easy to expectorate white
sputum, chest distress, panting and wheezing in severe
case, pale tongue with white greasy coating and
slippery pulse.
• Phlegm-dampness obstructs the lung leading to
dysfunction in dispersion and descent, manifesting
coughing and excessive sticky and white phlegm.
Obstruction of the air passage by phlegm-dampness
and stagnation of qi leads to chest distress, panting and
wheezing in severe case.
• Cough, profuse, sticky and easy to expectorate white
sputum and white greasy tongue coating.
Large Intestine Damp-Heat Syndrome
大肠湿热证
Abdominal pain, red and whitish stools in diarrhea, severe diarrhea with yellow and fetid stools, accompanied
by burning feeling around the anus, dark urine, thirst, or aversion to cold, fever without chills, red tongue with
yellow greasy coating, soggy rapid or slippery and rapid pulse.
Damp-heat invasion of the large intestine obstructs movement of qi causing abdominal pain; when damp-heat fumigates the
intestinal tract caused sticky blood stools or yellow and watery stools. When the intestinal tract is attacked, burning heat occurs
around the anus. Dark urine due to water loss in diarrhea. Fever and aversion to cold can be seen with exterior syndrome. When
heat remains inside, there is fever without chills. Red tongue with yellow greasy coating points to damp-heat.
Abdominal pain, dysentery, symptoms of diarrhea ad other symptoms of the damp-heat
syndrome
Large Intestine Fluid Deficiency
Syndrome大肠液亏证
Syndrome
Analysis
• Constipation,
dizziness, foul
breath, red tongue
with scanty saliva,
dry yellow tongue
coating and rough
pulse
Clinical
manifestations
• Insufficient fluid in
the large intestine
fails to moisten the
intestinal tract
resulting constipation,
rough pulse and
yellow dry tongue
coating with scanty
saliva; obstructed qi
of the large intestine
disturbs the stomach
qi from descending
causing foul breath
and dizziness;
• Constipation, and
other symptoms of
insufficient body
fluid.
Focal Points
Incessant Diarrhea Associated With Deficient
Large Intestine Qi Syndrome
肠虚滑泄证
Clinical Manifestations
Syndrome Analysis
Chronic and incessant
diarrhea, dull
abdominal pain,
alleviated by heat or
pressure, pale tongue
with white slippery
coating and weak
pulse.
Focal points
Incessant diarrhea exhaust
yang qi and caused fecal
incontinence; Yang qi
deficiency in the large
intestine leads to cold
coagulation and qi
stagnation and dull
abdominal pain, pale
tongue with white slippery
coating and weak pulse.
Fecal
incontinence and
other symptoms
of deficiency-cold.
Incessant
Diarrhea
caused by
Deficient
Large
Intestine Qi
肠虚滑泄
Fluid
Deficiency of
the Large
Intestine大
肠液亏
Lung Qi
Deficiency
肺气虚
Lung and
Large
Intestine
Syndrome
Damp-Heat of
the Large
Intestine大肠
湿热
PhlegmDampness
Obstructing
the Lung痰
湿阻肺
Dryness
Invading
the Lung燥
邪犯肺
Lung Yin
Deficiency
肺阴虚
Wind-Cold
Restraining
the Lung风
寒束肺
Wind-Heat
Invading
the Lung风
热犯肺
Accumulated
Heat in the
Lung热邪壅
肺
Spleen-Stomach Disease Syndrome
Differentiation脾胃病辨证
Spleen and Stomach
• If the spleen is encumbered by dampness,
spleen qi fails to ascend, and affects its
transportation. As a result, reception and
descending of the stomach will be affected.
• Symptoms of abdominal distention and
diarrhea would occurred.
Spleen Qi Deficiency Syndrome
脾气虚证
• Abdominal distension, poor appetite, aggravated after eating, loose stools,
lassitude, shortness of breath, dislike talking, sallow complexion, or obesity, or
edema, pale tongue with white coating, or pale and enlarged tongue with tooth
Clinical
mark, slow and weak pulse.
manfestations
Syndrome
Analysis
• Insufficient spleen qi leads to poor digestion of the stomach marked by abdominal
distension, poor appetite, water retention, loose stools; insufficient qi brings about
lassitude, dislike to talk, sallow complexion, pale tongue, slow and weak pulse. Enlarged
tongue with tooth-mark, edema caused by water and phlegm-fluid accumulation.
• Poor appetite, abdominal distension, loose stools and
other symptoms of qi deficiency syndrome.
Spleen Yang Deficiency Syndrome
脾阳虚证
• Abdominal distension and pain, alleviated by warmth and pressure,
poor appetite, loose stools or stools with undigested food stuff,
aversion to cold and cold limbs, tastelessness, not thirsty, or edema,
or large volume of clear urine, pale and enlarged tongue with tooth
mark, white slippery or white greasy coating and deep, slow weak
pulse.
• Weak spleen yang generates cold results in abdominal distension,
poor appetite and loose stools; when water flows over the skin
edema occur and large volume of urine when it flows downward;
Yang deficiency and internal accumulation of cold-dampness caused
enlarged tongue with tooth mark, white slippery or white greasy
tongue coating, deep slow and weak pulse.
• Cold pain in the abdomen, alleviated by heat and pressure,
abdominal distension, loose stools and other symptoms of
deficiency-cold.
Spleen Deficiency and Sinking of
Spleen Qi Syndrome 脾虚气陷证
• Feeling of
distension in the
stomach and
abdomen,
aggravated after
eating; drooping
and distension in
the anus,
persistent
diarrhea,
lassitude,
dizziness, poor
appetite, loose
stools, pale
tongue with white
coating and weak
pulse.
• Deficient spleen qi
leads to sinking of
middle qi and
prolapse of
stomach, rectum
and uterus; failure
of distributing
usable substances
leads to turbid
urine; failure of
rising spleen yang
caused dizziness,
lassitude,
reluctant to talk,
pale tongue and
weak pulse.
• Sense of
drooping in the
abdomen and
stomach,
persisted
diarrhea or
prolapse of
internal organs
and other
symptoms of
spleen qi
deficiency.
Failure of Spleen to Control Blood
Syndrome脾不统血证
• Muscular bleeding, gum bleeding, nosebleed, or
accompanied by poor appetite, abdominal distension,
loose stools, pale or sallow complexion, lassitude,
dislike talking, pale tongue with white coating and
weak pulse.
• Blood leaking out of the vessels and failure of spleen qi
to govern blood caused bleeding in the stomach,
intestine, urinary bladder, skin and orifices; poor
appetite and loose stools result from disturbed
transportation of spleen qi.
• Chronic hemorrhage and other symptoms of spleen qi
deficiency.
Four Syndromes of Spleen Deficiency
Syndrome
Common Points
Deficiency of
Spleen Qi
Abdominal distension, Obesity or edema
poor appetite,
aggravated after
eating, loose stools,
lassitude, shortness of
breath, reluctant to
talk, sallow complexion
Deficiency of
Spleen Yang
Different Points
Abdominal cold
pain and
distension, loose
stools or stools
with undigested
food stuff, aversion
to cold and cold
limbs, or edema of
large volume of
urine
Tongue and Pulse
Characteristics
Pale tongue with
white coating,
moderate and
weak pulse
Pale and enlarged
tongue with tooth
mark, white
slippery or white
greasy coating,
deep, slow and
weak pulse.
Four Syndromes of Spleen Deficiency
Syndrome
Common Points
Different Points
Spleen Deficiency
and Sinking of
Spleen Qi
Abdominal
distension, poor
appetite,
aggravated after
eating, loose
stools, lassitude,
shortness of
breath, reluctant to
talk, sallow
complexion
Sense of drooping
Pale tongue with
and distension in
white coating,
the stomach,
weak pulse
abdomen and anus,
or persisted
diarrhea, rectal
prolapse, or turbid
urine, dizziness
Deficiency of
Spleen fails to
control outflow of
blood
Excessive
menorrhea,
nosebleed, gum
bleeding and
muscular bleeding.
Tongue and Pulse
Characteristics
Pale tongue with
white coating,
weak pulse.
Cold-Dampness Accumulated in the
Spleen Syndrome寒湿困脾证
Distress and pain in the abdomen and stomach, anorexia, loose stools, nausea,
tastelessness, no desire to drink water, heavy head and body, or edema, or yellow eyes,
sallow complexion, enlarged tongue, white greasy or white slippery coating soggy and slow
pulse
Accumulation of Cold-Dampness causing dysfunction of the spleen and stomach in
transporting, transforming, ascending and descending and unsmooth qi flow, marked
by distress and pain in the abdomen and stomach, anorexia, loose stools and nausea.
Cold-dampness obstructs yang, leading to heaviness in the head and body. Yellow eys
and sallow complexion due to overflow of bile. Enlarged tongue , white greasy or white
slippery coating, soggy and slow pulse indicate accumulation of cold-dampness
Distress and pain in the abdomen and stomach, anorexia, loose stools
nausea and other symptoms of internal accumulation of colddampness.
Accumulation of Damp-Heat in the
Spleen Syndrome湿热蕴脾证
Distress and pain in
the abdomen and
stomach, anorexia,
nausea, loose and
sticky stools,
heaviness in the
head and body,
thirsty, no desire
for drinks, mild
fever, or bright
yellow skin and
eyes, red tongue
with yellow greasy
coating and soggy
rapid pulse.
Accumulation of damp-heat leads to dysfunction of
the spleen and stomach in receiving, transporting,
ascending and descending, marked by distress and
pain in the abdomen and stomach, anorexia and
nausea. Damp-heat invaded the large intestine
results in loose and sticky stools; dampness
accumulated in the body caused heaviness in the
head and body and thirsty but no desire for drinks
and mild fever. Bright yellow skin and eyes are
caused by leak of bile. Red tongue with yellow
greasy coating, soggy rapid pulse all indicate internal
accumulation of damp-heat.
Distress and
pain in the
abdomen
and
stomach,
anorexia,
nausea, and
other
symptoms
of internal
accumulatio
n of dampheat.
Syndrome
Common Points
Different Points
Tongue and Pulse
Characteristics
Accumulation of
Damp-heat in the
Spleen
Distress and pain in
the abdomen and
stomach, anorexia,
nausea, loose and
sticky stools,
heaviness in the
head and body,
yellow face and
eyes
Mild fever, thirst,
no desire for drinks
, loose stools ,
scanty urine.
Red tongue with
yellow greasy
coating, soggy
rapid pulse.
Abdominal pain,
alleviated by
warmth,
tastelessness, no
desire for drinks,
loose stools, large
volume of urine or
edema.
Enlarged tongue,
white greasy or
white slippery
coating, soggy slow
pulse.
Accumulation of
Cold-Dampness in
the Spleen
Stomach Qi Deficiency Syndrome
胃气虚证
• Fullness and distension in the stomach, aggravated
after eating, belching or dull pain in the stomach,
lassitude, dim complexion, thin white tongue coating,
and weak pulse.
• Deficient stomach qi leads to poor digestion and
fullness and pain in the stomach; Unsmooth flow of
stomach qi leads to poor appetite and belching; Qi
deficiency results in lassitude, dim complexion, thin
white tongue coating and weak and deficient pulse.
• Fullness and pain in the stomach, poor appetite,
belching and other symptoms of qi deficiency.
Stomach Yin Deficiency Syndrome
胃阴虚证
Gastric discomfort and acid regurgitation, no desire to
eat, or fullness in the stomach with dull pain, nausea,
hiccup, dry mouth and throat, dry stools, red tongue with
scanty coating and saliva and thready rapid pulse.
Insufficient stomach qi generated internal deficiency-heat leads
to gastric discomfort and acid regurgitation and no desire to eat;
nausea and hiccup are caused by reversed ascending of stomach
qi; dry mouth and throat caused by yin deficiency; intestinal tract
lacks moistening resulting dry stools; red tongue with scanty
coating and saliva, thready and rapid pulse indicate internal
exuberance of heat and yin deficiency.
Gastric discomfort, acid regurgitation
burning pain, no desire to eat and other
symptoms of deficiency-heat.
Stomach Yang Deficiency Syndrome
胃阳虚证
• Cold pain in the stomach, alleviated by heat and
pressure, worse after eating, vomiting clear water
containing some undigested food stuff, poor appetite,
fullness and pain in the stomach, aversion to cold, cold
limbs, lassitude, pale flabby tongue with white coating,
deep, slow powerless pulse.
• Insufficient stomach yang fails to warm and leads to
cold pain in the stomach, alleviated by heat and
pressure.
• Cold pain in the stomach, alleviated by heat and
pressure, poor appetite, fullness and pain in the
stomach and other symptoms of yang deficiency.
Intense Stomach Fire Syndrome
胃火炽盛证
Clinical Manifestations
Syndrome Analysis
Focal Points
Abnormal increased
appetite with frequent
hunger, gastric discomfort,
acid regurgitation, or
burning pain in the
stomach, or foul breath,
swollen gum bleeding,
desire for cold drinks,
constipation, yellow urine,
red tongue with yellow
coating, slippery and rapid
pulse.
Exuberance of stomach fire
leads to hyperactivity of
digestion, and abnormal
increased appetite with
frequent hunger. Burning
pain in the stomach due to
stomach qi failing to
descend. Four breath,
swollen gum bleeding are
caused by vessels scorched
by stomach fire. Flaming of
fire impairs body fluids,
resulting in thirst with a
desire for cold drinks,
constipation and yellow
urine.
Gastric discomfort, acid
regurgitation, burning pain
in the stomach, swollen
gum bleeding and other
symptoms of internal
flaming of fire.
Cold Stagnating in Stomach Syndrome
寒滞胃脘证
Clinical Manifestations
Syndrome Analysis
Focal Points
Acute cold pain in the
stomach, worse when
exposed to cold, better
when exposed to heat,
hiccup or belching,
tastelessness in the mouth,
thirsty or vomiting clear
water, cold body and limbs,
white moist coating, deep
and tense or wiry pulse.
Cold evil invaded the
stomach impeded qi flow
and leads to acute cold
pain in the stomach.
Adverse rise of stomach qi
results in hiccup or
belching, tastelessness in
the mouth, thirsty, or
vomiting clear water result
from stomach yang qi
injured by cold. Cold body
and limbs, white moist
tongue coating, and deep
tense or wiry pulse indicate
internal exuberance of
cold.
Severe cold pain in the
stomach, and other
symptoms of the excess
cold syndrome.
Food Retention in Stomach Syndrome
食积胃脘证
Clinical Manifestations
Syndrome Analysis
Focal Point
Fullness in the stomach
and abdomen, or
distending pain, anorexia,
fetid eructation, or
vomiting undigested food
stuff, relieved after
vomiting, fetid stools, thick
greasy tongue coating and
slippery pulse.
Food retention in the
stomach obstructs qi flow,
leading to fullness in the
stomach and abdomen, or
distending pain and
anorexia. Undigested food
causes reversed rise of qi in
the stomach, resulting in
fetid eructation, thick and
greasy tongue coating.
Fetid stools are due to
dysfunction of the large
intestine.
Fullness in the stomach
and abdomen, distending
pain, anorexia and fetid
eructation.
Food
Retention
in Stomach
食积胃脘
Spleen Qi
Deficiency
脾气虚
Cold
Stagnating
in Stomach
寒滞胃脘
Spleen
Yang
Deficiency
脾阳虚
Spleen
Deficiency
and Sinking
of Qi脾虚气
陷
Spleen &
Stomach
Disease
Syndrome
Differentiation
Intense
Stomach
Fire胃火炽
盛
Failure of
the Spleen
to Control
Blood脾不
统血
Colddampness
Accumulating
in the Spleen
寒湿困脾
Stomach
Yin
Deficiency
胃阴虚
Stomach
Yang
Deficiency
胃阳虚
Stomach
Qi
Deficiency
胃气虚
Damp-Heat
Accumulating
in the Spleen
湿热蕴脾
Liver and Gallbladder
• When the liver qi gets stagnant, it disturbed
the secretion and excretion of the bile.
• If the gallbladder is invaded by damp-heat,
and obstructed the excretion of bile, free flow
of liver qi affected and resulted in qi
stagnation of the liver and gallbladder, dampheat resided in the liver and gallbladder,
blazing of liver and gallbladder fire.
Liver Blood Deficiency Syndrome
肝血虚证
• Dizziness, pale complexion, blurred vision or
night blindness, pale nails, numbness of limbs,
convulsion, joint motion problem, scanty
menses with light color, pale tongue with
white coating and fine pulse.
• Insufficient liver blood caused dizziness, pale
complexion, scanty menses and so on. Internal
stirring of wind leads to limb numbness,
convulsion, joint motion problem.
Liver Yin Deficiency Syndrome
肝阴虚证
• Dizziness, dry eyes, visual problem dull burning pain in
the hypochondrium, or convulsion, hot face , heat in
the chest, palms and soles, tidal fever, night sweating,
dry mouth and throat, red tongue with scanty saliva
and fine rapid pulse.
• Failure of insufficient liver yin to moisten the head and
eyes leads to dizziness, dry eyes. Malnutrition of the
liver and internal deficiency –fire causes dull burning
pain in the hypochondrium. Internal stirring of
deficiency-wind leads to malnutrition of the tendons
and vessels. Hot face, heat in the chest, palms and
soles, tidal fever, night sweat, dry mouth are
manifestations of yin deficiency.
Liver Qi Stagnation Syndrome
肝郁气滞证
• Distending pain in the chest or breasts,
depressed or irritable, frequent sighing, thin
white coating, wiry pulse, irregular menses,.
• Dysfunction and obstruction of liver qi results
in distending pain in the chest, irritable or
depressed. Thin white coating and wiry pulse
indicate liver qi stagnation.
Blazing of Liver Fire Syndrome
肝火炽盛证
• Dizziness with distending pain in the head, flushed face
and bloodshot eyes, irritable, bitter taste and dry
mouth, yellow urine, dry stools, red tongue with yellow
dry coating, wiry rapid pulse, or sudden tinnitus and
deafness, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, or spitting
blood and nosebleed.
• Blazing of liver fire attack the head and eyes; liver fire
hurts body fluids causes bitter taste and dryness in the
mouth; interior fire causes insomnia; when liver heat
enters the ear results in sudden tinnitus and deafness;
spitting blood and nosebleed are due abnormal flow of
blood.
Hyperactivity of Liver Yang Syndrome
肝阳上亢证
• Dizziness, tinnitus, distending pain in the head
and eyes, flushed face and bloodshot eyes,
irritable, insomnia and dream-disturbed
sleeps weakness in the lower back and knees,
heavy head and frail feet, red tongue with
scanty saliva, wiry powerful rapid pulse.
• Upward disturbance of liver yang.
Stirring of Liver Wind Syndrome
肝风内动证
1. Liver Yang Transforming into Wind Syndrome
肝阳化风证:
Dizziness, involuntary head twitching and pain,
numbness and tremor, unsteady walking or
conscious with partial facial paralysis , or sudden
loss of consciousness, red tongue with greasy or
yellow greasy coating and wiry powerful pulse.
Hyperactive liver transformed into wind causing qi
and blood to flow upward leads to dizziness,
involuntary head twitching and unsteady walking.
Stirring of Liver Wind Syndrome
肝风内动证
2. Extreme Heat Generate Wind Syndrome:热极
生风证
High fever, convulsion, stiff neck, upward rolling
of eyes, lockjaw, or coma and delirium, dark-red
tongue with white dry coating and wiry rapid
pulse.
Liver channel scorched by blazing fire. When fire
disturbs the mind results in restlessness coma
and delirium.
Stirring of Liver Wind Syndrome
肝风内动证
3. Blood Deficiency Generate Wind Syndrome血
虚生风证:
Numbness and tremor of limbs, muscular
spasm, dysfunction of joints, dizziness, tinnitus,
pale complexion, nails and tongue and fine
pulse.
Insufficient liver blood caused the above
symptoms.
Stirring of Liver Wind Syndrome
肝风内动证
4. Yin Deficiency Stirring Wind Syndrome阴虚动
风证:
Tremor of limbs, dizziness, tinnitus, tidal fever,
night sweat, flushed cheeks, dry throat, red
tongue with scanty coating and rapid pulse.
Failure of insufficient liver yin to moisten the
head and eyes leads to dizziness, dry eyes.
Liver and Gallbladder Damp-Heat Syndrome
肝胆湿热证
• Intense heat and distending pain in the chest,
anorexia, abdominal distension, nausea, bitter
taste in the mouth, or vomiting yellow-green
bitter fluid, constipation, dark urine, red
tongue with yellow greasy coating, wiry rapid
pulse, or alternate chills and fever, yellow skin
and eyes, or eczema of scrotum.
Cold Stagnating in the Liver Channel Syndrome
寒滞肝脉证
• Cold pain in the lower abdomen with the
genitals involved, or pain in the scrotum
during contracture, or cold pain on the top of
head, aggravated by cold and alleviated by
warmth, cold limbs, while moist tongue and
deep wiry pulse.
• The Liver Meridian surrounds the genitals.
When cold accumulates the Liver Meridian,
unsmooth flow of qi and blood occurred.
Gallbladder Qi Obstruction with Phlegm
Disturbance Syndrome
胆郁痰扰证
• Fear, palpitation, restlessness, insomnia and dreamdisturbed sleep, dizziness, tinnitus, distress and
suffocation in the chest , bitter taste in the mouth, red
tongue with yellow greasy coating and wiry rapid pulse.
• Internal phlegm-heat disturbs gallbladder qi results in
fear and palpitation, restlessness, insomnia, dreamdisturbed sleep. Failure of gallbladder’s dispersion
results in unsmooth qi flow, distress and suffocation in
the chest, bitter taste in the mouth and nausea
reversed rise of stomach qi from gallbladder heat.
Gallbladder Qi
Obstruction
with Phlegm
disturbance胆
郁痰扰
Cold
Stagnating
in the Liver
Meridian寒
滞肝脉
Liver
Yang
Transfor
ming into
Wind肝
阳化风
Extreme Heat
Generate Wind
热极生风
Liver
Blood
Deficiency
肝血虚
Liver Yin
Deficiency
肝阴虚
Liver-Gallbladder
Disease Syndrome
Differentiation
Blazing of
Liver Fire
肝火炽盛
Liver &
Gallbladder
Damp-Heat
Stirring of
Liver Wind
肝风内动
Blood
Deficiency
Generate Wind
血虚生风
Liver Qi
Stagnation
肝郁气滞
Hyperactivity
of Liver Yang
肝阳上亢
Kidney-Urinary Bladder
Disease Syndrome
Differentiation
肾与膀胱病辨证
1. Human urinary system: 2.
Kidney, 3. Renal pelvis, 4.
Ureter, 5. Urinary bladder, 6.
Urethra. (Left side with frontal
section)
7. Adrenal gland
Vessels: 8. Renal artery and
vein, 9. Inferior vena cava, 10.
Abdominal aorta, 11. Common
iliac artery and vein
With transparency: 12. Liver,
13. Large intestine, 14. Pelvis
Kidney and Urinary Bladder
• If the kidney fails in transforming and
controlling the kidney qi, disturbance for the
bladder to store and discharge urine, hence
scanty urine, anuria, or incontinence of urine.
• The function of the kidney in governing water
is also influenced by the bladder’s function in
storing and discharging urine.
Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome
肾阳虚证
• Weakness and pain in the lower back and knees,
cold limbs, sallow complexion, lassitude, low
sexual desire, impotence, cold sperms, cold
uterus, or chronic diarrhea with undigested food
stuff, or diarrhea before dawn, frequent urination
and increased enuresis nocturna夜尿,edema,
accompanied by palpitation and shortness of
breath, wheezing, enlarge pale tongue with tooth
mark, white slippery coating, deep weak pulse.
• Failure of kidney yang to warm the body.
Kidney Yin Deficiency Syndrome
肾阴虚证
• Dizziness, tinnitus, weakness and pain in the
lower back and knees, insomnia and dreamdisturbed sleep, hyper-sexuality, nocturnal
emission梦遗泄精,metrorrhagia and metrostaxis
崩漏, flushed cheeks, heat in the chest, palms
and soles, tidal fever and night sweat, dry mouth
and throat, red tongue with scanty saliva and fine
rapid pulse.
• Internal generation of deficiency-heat.
Insufficient Kidney Essence Syndrome
肾精不足证
• Retarded development of children, feeble
bones, mental retardation, infertility, poor
sexual function, hair loss and loose teeth,
tinnitus or deafness, amnesia健忘恍惚 and
weak feet.
• Decreased function in growth, development
and reproduction because of kidney essence
deficiency.
Loose Kidney Qi Syndrome
肾气不固证
• Pale complexion， lassitude, hearing problem,
weakness in the lower back and knees,
frequent urination, or urine incontinence, or
continuous urine dribbling after urination, thin
and clear leukorrhea, or miscarriage, pale
tongue with white coating and weak pulse.
• Insufficient or deficient kidney qi.
Syndrome
Similar
Different Manifestations
Manifestati
ons
Tongue and Pulse
Characteristics
Kidney yang
deficiency
Weakness
in the
lower back
and knees
Cold body and limbs, impotence,
cold sperms, cold uterus or
diarrhea before dawn.
Enlarged pale
tongue, white
slippery coating,
weak pulse.
Kidney yin
deficiency
Dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia and
dream-disturbed sleep, hyper
sexual desire, night sweat, dry
mouth and throat.
Red tongue with
scanty saliva, fine
and rapid pulse.
Insufficient
kidney
essence
Retarded growth, feeble bones in
children, hair loss, loose teeth,
deafness, weak feet.
Pale tongue with
white coating, weak
pulse.
Loose kidney
qi
Hearing problem, frequent
urination, incontinence of urine,
or dribbling after urination,
miscarriage
Pale tongue with
white coating,
weak pulse.
Bladder Damp-Heat Syndrome
膀胱湿热证
• Frequent urination, burning pain on urination,
bloated lower abdomen, or urinary stone, or
accompanied by fever and lower back pain,
red tongue with yellow and greasy coating and
rapid pulse.
• Bladder attacked and disturbed by heat.
Kidney
Yang
Deficiency
肾阳虚
Bladder
DampHeat膀胱
湿热
Kidney-Urinary
Bladder Disease
Syndrome
Differentiation
Loose
Kidney Qi
肾气不固
Kidney Yin
Deficiency
肾阴虚
Insufficient
Kidney
Essence肾
精不足
Heart-Kidney Disharmony Syndrome
心肾不交证
• Restlessness, insomnia, palpitation, dreamdisturbed sleep, dizziness, tinnitus, amnesia,
weakness in the lower back and knees, heat in
the chest, palms and soles, tidal fever, night
sweat, dry mouth and throat, red tongue with
scanty coating and fine and rapid pulse.
Heart-Liver Blood Deficiency
Syndrome心肝血虚证
• Palpitation, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep,
dizziness, pale and sallow complexion, dry
eyes, blurred vision, pale nails, numbness or
tremor of limbs, scanty menstruation with
thin and light-color menses, pale tongue with
white coating and fine pulse.
Heart-Kidney Yang Deficiency
Syndrome心肾阳虚证
• Cold body and limbs, palpitation or severe
palpitation, difficulty in urination, cyanosed
lips and nails, pale purple tongue with white
and slippery coating and faint pulse.
Heart- Spleen Deficiency心脾两虚证
• Palpitation, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, dizziness, amnesia,
anorexia, fullness in the abdomen, loose stools, lassitude, sallow
complexion, or scanty menstruation with thin quality and light color, pale
flabby tongue and weak pulse.
• Heart lacks nourishment leads to palpitation, insomnia, dream-disturbed
sleep, amnesia. Insufficient upward movement of qi and blood caused
dizziness and sallow complexion. Spleen qi deficient leads to abdominal
distention and loose stools. Failure of the spleen in control of blood
caused scanty menstruation with thin and light-colored menses and
extending periods. Pale and plump tongue and weak pulse indicate qi and
blood deficiency.
• Palpitation, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, dizziness, amnesia, poor
disestion and anorexia, fullness in the abdomen, loose stools, chronic
blood loss and other symptom of qi-blood deficiency.
HeartSpleen
Deficiency
心脾两虚
Heart-Kidney
disharmony心
肾不交
Heart & Other
Organs
Simultaneously
ill
HeartKidney
Yang
Deficiency
心肾阳虚
Heart-Kidney
disharmony
心肾不交
HeartLiver
Blood
Deficiency
心肝血虚
Heart-Lung Qi Deficiency Syndrome
心肺气虚证
• Palpitation, short breath, coughing and
panting, chest distress, vomiting of clear and
thin sputum, pale complexion, lassitude,
dislike to talk, spontaneous sweating, pale
tongue with white coating and weak pulse.
Spleen-Lung Qi Deficiency Syndrome
脾肺气虚证
• Anorexia, fullness in the abdomen, loose
stools, chronic cough, vomiting of clear and
thin sputum, sallow complexion, lassitude,
short breath, dislike talking, or edema in the
face and limbs, pale tongue with white coating
and weak pulse.
Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency
Syndrome脾肾阳虚证
• Cold body and limbs, sallow complexion, cold
pain in the lower back, knees and lower
abdomen, chronic diarrhea, or diarrhea before
dawn, stools with undigested food stuff, or
edema in the face and limbs, difficulty in
urination, pale and enlarged tongue with
white slippery coating and deep pulse.
Lung-Kidney Yin Deficiency Syndrome
肺肾阴虚证
• Cough with scanty sputum, bloody sputum, or
hoarse voice, tidal fever, flushed cheeks, night
sweat, dry mouth and throat, scanty menses,
red tongue with scanty coating and fine rapid
pulse.
Lung-Kidney Qi Deficiency Syndrome
肺肾气虚证
• Weak coughing and panting, need to take
deep breath, profuse and thin sputum,
weakness in the lower back and knees, or
urine out on coughing, lassitude, feeble voice,
short breath, spontaneous sweating, pale
tongue with weak pulse.
Liver-Kidney Yin Deficiency Syndrome
肝肾阴虚证
• Dizziness, tinnitus, weakness in the lower back
and knees, dry mouth and throat, insomnia,
dream-disturbed sleep, heat in the chest,
palms and soles, flushed cheeks, night sweat,
scanty menses, red tongue with scanty coating
and rapid fine pulse.
Liver-Spleen Disharmony Syndrome
肝脾不调证
• Scurrying and distending pain in the chest and
hypochondrium, sigh frequently, depressed or
irritable, anorexia, fullness in the abdomen,
loose stools, alleviated after diarrhea, pale red
tongue with white coating and wiry pulse.
Liver-Stomach Disharmony Syndrome
肝胃不和证
• Dull scurrying and distending pain in the chest
and stomach, belching, hiccup, gastric
discomfort and acid regurgitation, depressed
or irritable, red pale tongue with thin white
coating, wiry pulse, or red tongue with yellow
coating and wiry rapid pulse.
Lung Invaded by Liver Fire Syndrome
肝火犯肺证
• Burning pain in the chest, dizziness with
distending pain in the head, irritable,
bloodshot eyes, bitter taste in the mouth, red
tongue with yellow dry coating, and wiry rapid
pulse.
Heart-Lung
Qi
Deficiency
心肺气虚
Spleen-Lung
Qi
Deficiency
脾肾气虚
Lung-Kidney
Qi
Deficiency
肺肾气虚
Heart Qi
Deficiency
心气虚
Lung Qi
deficiency
肺气虚
Zang-Fu QiDeficiency
Syndrome
Large
Intestine Qi
Deficiency
大肠气虚
Stomach Qi
Deficiency
胃气虚
Spleen Qi
Deficiency
脾气虚
Heart Yang
Deficiency
心阳虚
SpleenKidney Yang
Deficiency
脾肾阳虚
Spleen Yang
Deficiency
脾阳虚
Organs
Yang
Deficiency
HeartKidney Yang
Deficiency
心肾阳虚
Stomach
Yang
Deficiency
胃阳虚
Kidney Yang
Deficiency
肾阳虚
LiverKidney Yin
Deficiency
肝肾阴虚
Lungkidney Yin
Deficiency
肺肾阴虚
Heart Yin
Deficiency
心阴虚
Lung Yin
Deficiency
肺阴虚
Organs
Yin
Deficiency
Liver Yin
Deficiency
肝阴虚
Kidney Yin
Deficiency
肾阴虚
Stomach
Yin
Deficiency
胃阴虚
Heart Blood
Deficiency心
血虚
Heart-Liver
Blood
Deficiency
心肝血虚
Organs
Blood
Syndrome
Failure of
Spleen to
Control Blood
脾不统血
Liver Blood
Deficiency肝
血虚
LiverGallbladd
er Dampheat肝胆
湿热
Accumulation
of Damp-Heat
in the Spleen
湿热蕴脾
Excess
Heat of
Small
Intestine
小肠实热
Organs
Heat
Syndrome
Bladder
DampHeat膀胱
湿热
Windheat
Invading
the Lung
风热袭肺
Heat
Accumulated
in the Lung
热邪蕴肺
LargeIntestine
DampHeat大肠
湿热
Lung
Lung
Invaded
Invaded
by
Liver
byFire
Liver
Fire
肝火犯肺
Blazing of
Blazing of
Liver Fire肝
Liver
Fire
火亢盛
Hyperactive
Hyperactive
Heart Fire
Heart Fire
心火亢盛
Organs
Organs
Fire
Fire
Syndrome
Syndrome
Intense
Intense
Stomach
Fire
Stomach
胃火亢盛
Fire
Heart
Heart
Infested By
Infested
By
Fire and
Fire and
Phlegm痰火
Phlegm
扰心