B E E R E S E A R C H

B
E
E
R
E
S
E
A
R
C
H
c
O
V.XXI
P
I
E
DECEMBER
PROPORTlON OF RED CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM
PRATENSE
IN POLLEN FORAGE OF APOIDEA AND HYMENOPTERA
IN PROVINCE OF LUBLIN
A
nn
a
S
1977
L.)
A n a s i e w i c z, Z o f i a War a k o m s k a
Acaderny of Agriculture at Lublin, Poland
The province of Lublin is a region, where the Papilionaceae are
often cultivated, red clover including. Blooming fields of this plant
are visited by honeybees and other species: the Apoidea and Hymenopt.era, which collect nutritions nectar and pollen. The wild Apoidea eonsume nectar on the spot or glue pollen together with which they feed
their brood. Only bumblebees store-sorne honey in their nests.
The aim of the present paper is to determine the proportion of red
clover in the pollen load collected by the wild species Apoidea and
Hymenoptera in province of Lublin.
MATERIAL
The paper discusses the material collected in the province of Lublin,
mainly in the region of Lublin, Chełm, Zamość and in about 150
natural and seminatural environments (A n a s i e w i c z, War a k o ms k a 1969, A n a s i e w i c z 1975).
The Hymenoptera
were hunted on flowers by the method "stalk
a deer". An accurate description of land and methods of capturing
insects can be found in the earlier works of ours. The material examined
can be presented as follows:
21.'3
plant visited
Hymenoptera
number of specimens captured
bumblebees
alfalfa
red clover
----
other species
980
wild Apoidae
4.076
bumblebees
wild Apoidae
3.024
621
bumblebees
1.425
The whole material comprised 5.429 bumblebees belonging to 19
species and 4.695 specimens of wild solitary bees. These latter belonged
to 128 species of the Family Apidae, Halictidae, Andrenidae, Megachilidae, Melittidae
and Colletidae. The female insects and the insect
workers on whose body the presence of póllen was found were elicited
from the materiał. Glycerine-gelaline preparations were made from
this pollen load and a microscope analysis of the pollen was made in the
way described by A n a s i e w i c z and War a k o m s k a (1969). In
a112.695 such microscope preparations were made.
Alimentary connections of Apoidae with red clover. On the basis of
the microscope analysis it was established, that red clover pollen is
a very important constituent of pollen !low for the majority of the
wild Apoidea and Hymenoptera.
Accordlng to the percentaga of red
clover pollen found on the bodies of at least 500/0of individuals 3 groups
of insects were set up.
Group 1 comprizes individuals on whose bodies at least 500/0of red
clover pollen was found. To this group belong 16 bumblebee species
Ta ble
Apoidea's
individuals
with very many red clover pollen (~50%)
F. Apidae
Eucera longicornis
Bambus agrorum (F.)
B. confusus (Sch.)
F. Halictidae
Halictus
B. distinguendus
H. fulvicornis
B. equestris
B.
B.
B.
B.
(Mor.)
(L.)
eurygnathus
BI.
(K.)
H. laticeps Sch.
H. lativentris Sch.
(F.)
hortorum
(L.)
humilis III.
H. lucidulus Sch.
H. rubicundus (Christ.)
laesus Mor.
lapidarius
(L.)
H. tumularum
(L.)
B. lucorum (L.)
B. muscorum (F.)
F. Andrcnidae
B. pomorum (MilIl.)
B. ruderarius (MUlI.)
A. florea F.
A. gelrwe v.d. Vecht.
B. ruderatus
B. silvarum
A. gravida
A. wilkella
Andrena
(F.)
(L.)
214
ąuadrinaculata
Imh.
K.
F. Melittidae
Melitta leporina
B. subterraneus (L.)
B. terrestris
(L.)
Anthophora
combinata
(Pz.)
Pz,
Christ.
and 15 wild bee species (Table l). The proportion of red clover pollen
with individuals captured on plantations reached 100%. With numerous
individuals captured on alfalfa fields in bloom and on flowers of
various plants found in natura l and semi-natural environments it was
subject to variation, on the whole, however, it was low. The proportion
of red clover pollen in the global pollen load depended, first of all on
whether there were red clover plants blooming nearly, that is it
depended on their accessibility. With the blumblebees captured on
alfalfa fields red clover pollen was found even with Bombus terrestris
(L.) and B. lucerura (L.), short longued species considered important for
the pollination of red clover (A n a s i e w i e z, War a k o m s k a 1969),
A great amount of red clover pollen eollected by species belonging
to group I proves that there is a direet dependency beetween their
nourishment and this plant. This group of species is very important
for red clover seed produetion.
Group II includes species whieh, although have an easy aecess to red
clover flowers, had only a negligeable quantity of pollen (3-10%) on
their bodies mixed with pollen of other plants (Table 2). To this group
belon g l bumblebee species and 4 wild bee species. The proportion
of red clover pollen in their nourishment was very ineonstant and,
in faet, undefinable. Their role in red clover pollination is only cornplementary in relation to the species from group I and honeybees.
Group III includes speeies on the bodies of whieh only traees of red
clover pollen (no more than 3%) was found; sometimes no pollen was
observed at all. (Tabies 3 and 4). The representatives of this group, eaptured on alfalfa plantations, colleeted pollen from this plant or from
weeds growing there. Some of them are very important pollinators of
Table
Apoidea's individuals
F. Andrenidae
F. Apidae
Bombus hypnorum
(L.)
F. Halictidae
Halictus
pauxillus
Sch.
Andrena flavipes
A. labialis L.
Panurgus
(Pz.)
calceratus
(Scop.)
Table
Apoidea's individuals
F. Halictidae
Halictus albipes
3
with very few red clover pollen
F. Andrenidae
(F,)
H, calceatus (Scop.)
H, laevigatus (K.)
H. linearis
2
with not many red clover pollen (3-10%)
(Sch.)
H. maculatus (Srn.)
H. malachurus
(K.)
H. villosulus
(K,)
Rhophitoides
canus (Ev.)
Andrena
bicolor
F.
A. dorsata K.
A. propinqua Sch.
F. Megachilidae
Megachile
centuncultularis
(L,)
M. nigriventris
Sch.
M. willoughbiella
(K.)
215
TCible
Apoidea's Individualswhtch
i
did not have red clover pollen
A., nigrospina Th.
F. Apidae
F. Megachillidae
Clissodon
[urcarus
(Pz.)
F. Halictidae
Halictus
H. leucozonius
H. morio
Nyl.
Sch.
F.
(K.)
Dasypoda
MeWta
H. scabiosae (Rassi)
H. zonulus Sm.
F. Andrenidae
Andrena
truncorum
(L.)
(L.)
Pz.
O. atrocaerulea Schill.
O. fulviventris
Pz.
F. Melittidae
(Lep.)
H. quadricinctus
H. oiuuirinotatus
Heriades
(L.)
maxillosum
Osmia aduncta
(K.)
(F.)
H. nigripes
manicatum
Chelostoma
[asciatus
H. minutus
Anthidium
chrysopyga
plumipes
Pz.
haemorrhoidalis
F.
F. Colletidae
Colletes daviesanus Sm.
Prospis communis Nyl.
(Sch.)
P. diftornis
s».
alfalfa ego the Rhophitoides c(..,ws (Ev.), The individuals captured on
red clover fields in bloom without collecting pollen do not show visible
food connections with red clover. Presumably they were collecting
nectar only or just having a rest on flovers. This group of the Hymenoptera is of no significance for seed production, all the more that to this
gro up belong species represented by single individuals only.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
It has been observed that there exists a close relation in terms
of nourishment between the wild Apoidea and bumblebees in particular,
and red clover. These pollinator insects can to a great degree influence
seed yield if their species make-up, is appropriate and their numbel
sufficient. It depends, in great measure, on ensuring them proper places
for nesting and on the continuity of clover bloomings during its
biological cycle (R u s z k o w s k i 1968, 1969 et al.).
LITERATURE
A n a s i e w i c z A. (1975) - The bees (Apoidea, Hymenoptera)
on alfalfa (Medicago
media Pers.) plantations, I-II.
Ekologia Polska
23: 129-146, 147-162.
A n a s i e w i c z A., War a k o m s k a Z. (1969) Occurence of bumblebees on
alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) in the province of Lublin and pollen analysis
of their pollen loads. Ekologia Polska, Seria A, 17: 587-609.
A n a s i e w i c z A., War a k o m s k a Z. (1977) - Pokarm pyłkowy trzmieli (Bombus Larr., Humenoptera)
na Lubelszczyźnie. Ekologia Polska, 25: (in press).
R u s z k o w s k i A. (1970) - Badania nad roślinami pokarmowymi trzmieli. Pamiętniki
Puławskie, Suppl. 37: 1-60.
R u s z k o w s k i A., B i l i ń s kiM.
(1968)
Oblot koniczyny czerwonej przez
trzmiele. Pamiętniki Pulawskie, 31: 201-220.
216
UDZIAL KONICZYNY CZERWONEJ (TRIFOLlUM
PRATENSE
W POKARMIE PYLKOWYM DZIKICH PSZCZOLOWATYCH
(APOIDEA,
HYMENOPTERA)
NA LUBELSZCZYŹNIE.
A n n a A n a s i e w i c z, Z o f i a War
L.)
a k o m s k a, Lublin, Polska
Streszczenie
Autorki badały udział koniczyny
czerwonej
we wziątku
pyłkowym
różnych
gatunków
dzikich Apoidea na Lubelszczyźnie.
Materiał
stanowiły okazy trzmieli
i dzikich pszczół złowionych w latach 1964-1968 na kwiatach różnych gatunków
roślin, w tym koniczyny
czerwonej
i lucerny.
Ogółem zbadano
5.429 okazów
trzmieli należących do 19 gatunków i 4.697 okazów dzikich pszczół należących do 123
gatunków z 6 rodzin. Z pyłku niesionego przez 2.695 samic i robotnic wykonano
glicerożelatynowe
preparaty. Były one podstawą do przeprowadzenia
mikroskopowej
analizy pyłkowej.
Stwierdzono,
że dla większości badanych gatunków
Apoidea pyłek koniczyny
czerwonej
stanowił
bardzo ważny składnik
wziątku
pyłkowego.
Na podstawie
udziału pyłku koniczyny czerwonej w zbiorze ogólnym poszczególnych samic i robotnic wyodrębniono
3 grupy. Do grupy I zaliczono gatunki o bardzo ścisłym
powiązaniu pokarmowym
z koniczyną czerwoną (zestawienie
l); należą tu przede
wszystkim trzmiele.' Grupa ta ma ogromne znaczenie dla nasiennictwa
koniczyny
czerwonej. Do grupy II zaliczono gatunki o luźnym powiązaniu pokarmowym
z tą
rośliną (zestawienie 2). Do grupy III - gatunki nie wykazujące wyraźnych powiązań pokarmowych z koniczyną czerwoną (zestawienie 3 i 4).
•
217