DRFM History - AOC Aardvark Roost

Advances in DRFM technology during the
past decade and its importance as part of an
EW suite
Klasie Olivier
Principal Systems Engineer
Experimental EW Systems
Email: kolivier@csir.co.za
Aardvark Roost AOC Conference
CSIR, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA
14 September 2011
Scope of Presentation
• DRFM Technology Introduction
• Looking back over the Past Decade
• Modern DRFM Architecture
• Advanced Capabilities of Modern DRFM’s
• EW Applications that gain from DRFM’s
• Conclusion
14 September 2011
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• Test and Evaluation of Radar’s operational capability
• Test and Evaluation of Radar’s Electronic Protection
•
•
•
Capabilities (ECCM’s)
Training of Radar Operators
Test and Evaluation of digital communication systems
Operational use on platforms to fulfil Electronic Attack
(ECM’s)
14 September 2011
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www.csir.co.za
DRFM Introduction
Why DRFMs ?
DRFM Kernel
DRFM
Control
RF in
RF out
X
X
A/D Memory D/A
Doppler
Modulator
LO
System LO
14 September 2011
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© CSIR 2011
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X
X
DRFM Introduction
DRFM Based System Architecture
•
Fundamental characteristics of modern radar
• Detecting presence of a target
State of the Art – Pulse Compression
•
Detecting movement of a target
State of the Art – Doppler Processing
14 September 2011
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www.csir.co.za
DRFM Introduction
Radar Principles
•
Animated Radar Pulse Compressor Output
14 September 2011
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www.csir.co.za
DRFM Introduction
Radar – Pulse Compression
•
What is required?
• Receive and repeat the transmitted waveform
•
•
•
•
Repeat the exact Tx waveform
Repeated signal must be coherent, i.e the retransmit phase relative to the
incoming phase must be a constant for all transmitted waveforms as a function
of time
Apply basic required modulations
• Time delay => Range
• Phase modulation => Doppler shift
• Amplitude modulation => Range and RCS
EA techniques
• False Targets
• Communications Jamming
• Synthetic transmitted waveforms
• Generate programmable noise waveforms
• R/VGPO
• …
14 September 2011
Page 10
© CSIR 2011
www.csir.co.za
DRFM Introduction
Capture & Simulate Radar RF Returns
DRFM History
Moving from 2nd to 3rd Generation
14 September 2011
Page 12
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www.csir.co.za
DRFM History
Modern
DRFM Based System Architecture
14 September 2011
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© CSIR 2011
www.csir.co.za
DRFM Kernel
DRFM
Control
RF in
RF out
X
X
A/D Memory D/A
FPGA
Doppler
Modulator
LO
System LO
14 September 2011
Page 14
© CSIR 2011
www.csir.co.za
X
X
DRFM History
Modern
DRFM Based System Architecture
DRFM Kernel
DRFM
Control
RF in
RF out
X
X
A/D Memory D/A
FPGA
Doppler
Modulator
LO
System LO
14 September 2011
Page 15
© CSIR 2011
www.csir.co.za
X
X
DRFM History
Modern
DRFM Based System Architecture
DRFM History
Modern
DRFM Based System Architecture
14 September 2011
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© CSIR 2011
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Performance
Description
Sampling Rate
Resolution
IBW
Range Delay
Resolution
Memory Depth
SFDR
DIFM
Digital EQ for
flatness
Arbitrary
Modulation
Range Update Phase
Correction
Typical Latency
Carrier Modulation
Range
1 ms
30 dBc
No
No
Performance Specifications
3 Generation
4th Generation
’04 – ‘06
’07- ‘11
1.2 GSPS
2 GSPS
10 bits
ADC = 10 bits
DAC = 12 bits
500 MHz
800 MHz
13.3 ns/3.3 ns
0.5 ns (75 mm)
(2 m)/(0.5 m)
1.7 ms
8.3 ms
36 dBc
45 dBc
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
120 – 250 ns
100 MHz
120 – 250 ns
20 MHz
70 – 280 ns
800 MHz
From < 70 ns
2000 MHz
nd
2 Generation
’99 – ‘03
1 GSPS
8 bits
400 MHz
16 ns (2.4 m)
rd
14 September 2011
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5th Generation
’12 – ‘16
5 GSPS
ADC = 10 bits
DAC = 12 bits
2000 MHz
0.2 ns (30 mm)
3 ms
> 45 dBc
Yes
Yes
DRFM Performance
Key DRFM Performance Parameters
Multi-Scatterer
• Simulation of range extended targets
• Simulation of RBM and JEM
• Simulation of RCS with varying aspect angle
• Up to 12 scatterers per DRFM channel
14 September 2011
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DRFM Advanced Capabilities
DRFM Advanced Capabilities
Multi-Scatterer - RBM
14 September 2011
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DRFM Advanced Capabilities
DRFM Advanced Capabilities
Multi-Scatterer
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DRFM Advanced Capabilities
DRFM Advanced Capabilities
Range Update Phase Correction
• Doppler is observed due to change in range
• DRFM implements both range updates as well as
•
Doppler modulation by mixing of a Doppler signal
Phase jump at range update
14 September 2011
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DRFM Advanced Capabilities
DRFM Advanced Capabilities
Range Update Phase Correction
• Ideal target
• Typical DRFM-generated target
• DRFM-generated target with range update in radar CPI
14 September 2011
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DRFM Advanced Capabilities
DRFM Advanced Capabilities
• Electronic Protection of platforms
• Wideband Digital Receivers
• Digital IFM’s
• Cross-Eye Jamming
• Digital Communication System Jamming
14 September 2011
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DRFM Advanced Capabilities
EW Applications of DRFM Technology
• Same hardware can be reused for different applications
• DRFM’s can perform all common types of jamming
•
•
•
•
•
techniques that typical previous generation jammers can
do and more
DRFM technology eases system calibration
Complexity is moving towards embedded software
Modern DRFM architecture lends itself to wideband
realtime DSP for RBM, JEM and multi-scatterer
Traditionally DRFM’s support conventional warfare
strongly
This generic and highly programmable platform is well
suited for supporting potential future irregular threats
14 September 2011
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DRFM Advanced Capabilities
Conclusion
THE END
The End