Cokendolpher 1984 New genus Dalquestia

Reprinted fro m
FESTSCHRIFT FOR WALTER W . DALQUEST
IN HONOR OF
HIs SIXTY-SIXTH BIRTHDAY (N. V. Horner, ed . )
Dept . Biology, Midwestern State Univ ., 1984, xx+163
A NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN HARVESTME N
(ARACHNIDA: OPILIONES : PALPATORES )
JAMES C . COKENDOLPHE R
ABSTRACT .—Dalquestia, a new genus of harvestmen is described . Eurybunus formosus Banks ,
from Texas, is redescribed and designated the type species of Dalquestia. Globipes rugosu s
Schenkel, from California, is redescribed and transferred to the new genus . Dalquestia concho ,
n . sp . and Dalquestia grasshoffi, n . sp. are described from Chihuahua—Durango and Hidalgo ,
Mexico, respectively .
In 1980, Cokendolpher reported that Globipes rugosus Schenkel, Globipes formosus (Banks), and an undescribed species from Mexico differe d
from typical Globipes spp . Further studies revealed that these specie s
represented an undescribed genus and that a second undescribed specie s
exists in Mexico . It is the purpose of this paper to describe the new genu s
and the two new species .
The new genus is a member of an undescribed family or subfamily, her e
referred to as the Metopilio assemblage . This group was first noted b y
Gruber (1969) and consists of Metopilio Roewer, Diguetinus Roewer ,
Globipes Banks, Eurybunus Banks, and Dalquestia, new genus . As the
classification of the Phalangioidea is unresolved, I refrain from formall y
describing a new taxon for the assemblage . Current ideas on the classification of the Phalangioidea embrace essentially the same groups, but th e
different systems rank particular taxa at significantly different levels (i .e ., a
tribe in one system will be a family in another system) . The notion tha t
members of the Metopilio assemblage belong to the Leptobunidae (Starega ,
1978, and others in correspondence) is incorrect . The Leptobunidae ha s
been a catchall group for many years . It is now known that this group i s
not monophyletic and that the type genus Leptobunus Banks is a member
of the Phalangiinae, Phalangiidae (Cokendolpher, 1981b) . It should be
noted that Starega (1978) was correct in transferring Globipes charitonov i
Gritzenko (from Kazakhskaya S . S . R ., central Asia) to Egaenus C . L . Koch .
The Metopilio assemblage is apparently restricted to southern Nort h
America and Central America .
MATERIALS AND METHOD S
Acronyms for collections from which specimens were examined are liste d
in the acknowledgments . Specimens in my personal collection are liste d
JCC .
All anatomical measurements are in millimeters and were obtained using
a binocular microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer as outlined b y
Cokendolpher (1981a) . Descriptions are based on all available specimens ,
but measurements were only taken of the largest and smallest (based o n
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FESTSCHRIFT FOR WALTER W . DALQUES T
total length when more than two specimens were available) of each sex . The
genitalia were removed from the body, examined and illustrated, and the n
placed in genitalia vials, which in turn were placed in the specimen vials .
The male genitalia were immersed in 100% glycerol for study . A tuft o f
cotton placed in glycerol was used to support the penes when lateral view s
were desired . The female genitalia were first examined in 100% clove oil an d
then in 100% lactophenol (Krantz, 1970 :49) . The ovipositors were soaked i n
absolute ethyl alcohol (to remove all traces of oil and phenol) prior t o
rehydration and placement in genitalia vials . All illustrations were prepare d
with the aid of a camera lucida .
Dalquestia, New Genu s
Eurybunus : Banks, 1910 :156; Comstock, 1948 :72 (in part) . Not Banks, 1893 :209.
Globipes : Roewer, 1912 :270 (in part) ; 1923 :862 (in part) ; 1956 :262 (in part) ; Gertsch, 1939 :20 ;
Schenkel, 1951 :55 ; Forcart, 1961 :53 ; Gritzenko, 1972 :1572 (in part) ; Rowland and Reddell ,
1976:11 ; Cokendolpher, 1980 :134 (in part) . Not Banks, 1893 :208 .
Type species .—Eurybunus formosus Banks, by the present designation .
Etymology .—Named in honor of Dr. Walter W . Dalquest ; the gender o f
the name is considered feminine.
Diagnosis and comparisons .—Dalquestia differs from all known genera o f
Palpatores by the combination of the following characters : 1) palpal claw s
smooth, 2) lateral coxal denticle rows absent, 3) dorsal abdominal scute s
fused, with seven rows of tubercles, 4) scent gland pores distinctly visibl e
from above, 5) all legs with distinct longitudinal rows of tubercles, 6) tibiae
angular in cross section, 7) femora lacking pseudo-articulary nodules, 8 )
penis with base of corpus greatly enlarged, and 9) glans an extension o f
corpus, junction immovable . Dalquestia is clearly a member of th e
unnamed assemblage in which Gruber (1969) placed the genera Metopilio ,
Diguetinus, Eurybunus, and Globipes . Like Metopilio and Diguetinus ,
Dalquestia has rows of abdominal tubercles . Dalquestia differs from
Metopilio and Diguetinus primarily by the angular cross section of the le g
tibiae, and by having non-alate penes which have the corpus greatl y
enlarged . Dalquestia differs from Eurybunus and Globipes (note that there
are some misplaced Metopilio spp . described or incorrectly placed i n
Eurybunus and Globipes) not only by the presence of abdominal tubercles ,
but by the characters mentioned above to separate Dalquestia from Metopilio and Diguetinus . Although it is of limited use, Dalquestia spp . have one
or no pseudosegments on tibiae II . Two or more pseudosegments are know n
from other members of the assemblage .
Description .—Small to medium sized harvestmen with hard granulate
bodies ; scutes fused, thoracic tergite margins indistinct laterally ; with seven
rows of dorsal abdominal tubercles (Figs . 1-5) . Ocular tubercle low, wit h
two rows of well developed tubercles . Chelicerae with or without tooth on
basal joint ; movable finger without apophysis (Figs . 13 and 14) . Supracheliceral lamellae indistinct, not visible from above . Preocular area with a small
COKENDOLPHER—NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN HARVESTMEN
FIG . l .—Dalquestia formosa male from cave in central Texas .
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FESTSCHRIFT FOR WALTER W . DALQUEST
FiGs. 2-5 .-Dalquestia males, dorsal aspects : 2, D . formosa; 3, D . rugosa ; 4, D . grasshoffi ; 5 ,
D . concho (scale lines = 1 .0 mm) .
COKENDOLPHER—NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN HARVESTMEN
31
8
FiGs . 6-14 .—Dalquestia appendages : 6, D . formosa male leg I, lateral aspect ; 7, tibia cros s
section ; 8, femur cross section ; 9, D . formosa male leg II, lateral aspect ; 10, tibia cross section ;
11, femur cross section ; 12, D . formosa male palpus, mesal aspect ; 13, D . Formosa mal e
chelicera, lateral aspect; 14, D . rugosa male chelicera, lateral aspect (scale line = 0 .5 mm fo r
figs . 7, 8, 10, 11, and 12 ; 0.58 mm for figs . 13 and 14 ; 1 .0 mm for figs . 6 and 9) .
medium hump, covered with pointed tubercles . Scent gland pores facin g
anterodorsad, with paired dark depressions, mounted on small raised areas ,
and often with paired lateral tubercles . Abdominal sternites closely spaced ,
borders indistinct . Leg coxae without lateral rows of denticles ; I and II I
enlarged in males ; endites of coxae II extended in front of genita l
operculum, forming obtuse angle to each other . Legs short, femora I I
approximately equal to (males) or shorter than (females) body length ;
psudoarticulary nodules of femora lacking ; tibia II with one or n o
pseudosegments ; metatarsi without pseudosegments . Leg claws smooth ,
untoothed . Males with legs I and III enlarged, metatarsi and basal portion s
of tarsi with ventral rows of spine-tipped tubercles . Femora and tibia of legs
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FESTSCHRIFT FOR WALTER W . DALQUEST
(less so on I and II) pentagonal or hexagonal in cross section (Figs . 6-11) .
Genital operculum lacking lateral rows of denticles . Palpi with man y
tubercles on all sides except mesal margins, lacking apophyses ; femora ,
patellae, and tibiae flattened mesally ; males with tarsi ventrally armed wit h
many small tubercles ; claws untoothed, smooth (Fig . 12) . Penes broadest a t
base, sharply tapering to a thin shaft ; distal 1 /4 of corpus flattened ; glan s
rigidly fixed to corpus, with four delicate bristles distodorsally . Stylu s
thickened and slightly fusiform (Figs . 15-21) . Ovipositors with 25 to 28 rings
and three segmented furcaC second furcal segment with two to three sli t
sensilla (rarely with single sensillum) per side . Seminal receptacles consisting of paired convoluted tubules (Figs . 23-27) .
Subordinate taxa .—The genus Dalquestia contains four species, D .
formosa (Banks), D . rugosa (Schenkel), D . concho, n . sp ., and D . grasshoffi ,
n . sp . In addition to differences in morphology, these species can easily b e
distinguished by their distributions, all being widely separated (Fig . 28) .
Key to the Species of Adult Dalquestia
1. Tibiae II with distinct pseudosegments; basal segment of chelicerae smooth dorsally
2
Tibiae II lacking pseudosegments ; basal segment of chelicerae with tubercles dorsally (Figs .
13 and 14)
3
2. Tibiae II sharply bicolored; total length of body greater than 4 .30 mm (male) or 5 .60 m m
(female) ; Chihuahua and Durango border D . conch o
Tibiae II distally lightened but not sharply bicolored ; total length of body less than 3 .50 m m
(male) or 5 .20 mm (female) ; Hidalgo
D . grasshoff i
3. Tibiae of all legs with distal white bands ; abdominal tubercles approximately uniform i n
size (Fig . 2) ; Texas
D .formosa
Tibiae of all legs uniformly brown or brown mottled with white ; abdominal tubercle s
noticeably larger towards the posterior midline (Fig . 3) ; southwestern California . . . .D . rugosa
Dalquestia formosa (Banks), new combinatio n
Figs . 1, 2, 6-13, 15, 16, 23, 24, 2 8
Eurybunus formosus Banks, 1910 :156; Comstock, 1948 :72 .
Globipes formosus : Roewer, 1912 :270, 1923 :826, 1956 :262 ; Gertsch, 1939 :20 ; Gritzenko ,
1972:1574 ; Rowland and Reddell, 1976 :11 ; Cokendolpher, 1980:134 .
defTI ;/S
Types .—Although Banks (1910) did not give manyit i s
apparent from examination . of museum specimens that two differen t
collections were involved. One collection was made at Barton Creek, nea r
Austin, Travis Co ., Texas, elev .? (22 Nov . 1899, J . H . Comstock) and wa s
catalogued as Cornell University Lot 255 . I am selecting a male from Lo t
255 as the lectotype . This male and two females, herein designate d
paralectotypes, are deposited at the MCZ. The remaining paralectotypes ( 1
male, 1 female, 1 juvenile) forming Lot 255 are part of the Cornel l
University collection on semi-permanent loan to the AMNH . The secon d
collection of syntypes, herein designated paralectotypes, are likewise fro m
the Cornell University collection on loan to the AMNH and consists of 1
COKENDOLPHER—NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN HARVESTMEN
33
22
21
Z1
A
B
FiGs . 15-27 .—Dalquestia genitalia : 15, D . formosa penis, dorsal aspect ; 16, lateral aspect o f
distal end ; 17, D. rugosa penis, dorsal aspect; 18, lateral aspect of distal end ; 19, D. grasshoffi
penis, dorsal aspect ; 20, lateral aspect of distal end; 21, D . concho penis, dorsal aspect ; 22 ,
lateral aspect of distal end ; 23, D . formosa seminal receptacle, specimen from Chiso s
Mountains ; 24, D . formosa seminal receptacle, specimen from central Texas (Kerr Co .) ; 25, D .
rugosa seminal receptacle ; 26, D . grasshof f i seminal receptacle ; 27, D . concho semina l
receptacle (scale line A = 0 .1 mm for seminal receptacles, B = 0 .5 mm for penes) .
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FESTSCHRIFT FOR WALTER W . DALQUES T
male and 2 juveniles collected at Austin, Travis Co ., Texas, 500-600 ft (150 180 m) elev . (12-18 March 1903, J . H . Comstock) .
Diagnosis and comparisons .—In most respects, D . formosa resembles D .
concho, n . sp. and D . grasshoffi, n . sp ., but can be easily distinguished fro m
these two species by its larger size, lack of tibiae II pseudosegments, and b y
the presence of many tubercles on the leg coxae (only marginal groups of
tubercles on the other two species) . Dalquestia formosa and D . rugosa ca n
be separated by the differences in their chelicerae and in color as noted i n
the key to species (see also "diagnosis and comparisons" of D . rugosa) .
Distribution .—Central and southwestern Texas in the U .S .A . (Fig. 28) .
Description .—Males : Body large, total length 5 .67-6 .91, greatest widt h
2 .72-3 .94, maximum height 2 .33-3 .10 . Dorsum dark brown to black, ofte n
appearing metallic, with white to pinkish-white (rarely pink) spots o n
median portions of last three abdominal tergites (Fig . 1) ; rarely with pal e
pink to white small dots between first and second abdominal tergites ; lateral
margins of cephalothorax (posterior to scent gland pores) and abdomen
(anterior to front margin of penultimate tergite) white to yellowish-white ;
thoracic and abdominal tubercles large and approximately equal in siz e
(Fig . 2) . Ocular tubercle concolorous with cephalothorax ; length 0 .31-0 .46 ,
width 0 .36-0 .45, height 0 .19-0 .20 ; with 5-7 sturdy, pointed tubercles on eac h
side. Venter smooth and creamy-yellow white to light brown ; except fo r
posterior end of abdomen and lateral margins of abdominal sternites ,
orangish-brown to black (commonly dark brown) with small pointe d
tubercles . Genital operculum length 1 .38-2 .18, width at base 1 .09-1 .43, widt h
at neck 0 .58-0.78 . Palpal segment lengths : femora 0 .86-1 .22, patellae 0 .7 2
1 .12, tibiae 0 .83-1 .39, tarsi 1 .30-1 .74 . Chelicerae with distinct ventral spur o n
basal segment, with few tubercles dorsally (Fig . 13) . Chelicerae and palp i
light brown to black . Legs (Figs . 6-11) with distinct rows of large pointe d
tubercles on femora, patellae, and tibiae ; tibiae II without pseudosegments .
Legs yellowish-white to light yellowish-brown with distal parts of femora I I
shaded yellowish-brown to brown ; distodorsal tips of femora II and IV an d
all tibiae white ; distal parts of patellae shaded brown ; all tibiae, metatars i
II, and tarsi II and IV dark brown . Tarsi I and III, metatarsi I, III, and I V
dark yellowish-brown ; distal tips of tarsi and metatarsi white ; proximal end s
of metatarsi IV, rarely III, white . On occasion leg femora (excluding II), al l
coxae, and trochanters with considerable irregular white reticulations .
Coxae with lateral clusters of tubercles on anterior and posterior margins of
I, III, IV, and anterior of II ; few scattered small tubercles on all coxae ,
particularly numerous on I . Femora I-IV lengths (respectively) : 2 .28-2 .63 ,
5 .68-6 .15, 2 .18-2 .67, 3 .32-3 .70 ; tibiae I-IV lengths (respectively) : 1 .97-2 .58 ,
4 .61-5 .14, 1 .82-2 .38, 1 .82-2 .82 . Penis as in figures 15 and 16, length 2 .72-2 .86 .
Females : Form and coloration as in males except palpi and legs no t
enlarged or modified, tubercles reduced in size and number on leg coxa e
and chelicerae dorsally . Lateral white stripes of dorsum extend from jus t
posterior of scent gland pore to anterior edge of penultimate abdominal
COKENDOLPHER—NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN HARVESTMEN
35
•
FIG . 28 .—Distribution of Dalquestia, star = D . rugosa, circle = D. formosa, triangle = D .
concho, square = D . grasshof f i .
tergite . Total length 4 .58-7 .16, greatest width 3 .12-4 .19, maximum heigh t
2 .16-3 .00 . Ocular tubercle longer than wide, length 0 .38-0 .39, width 0 .32 0 .35, height 0 .14-0 .17, with five large rounded tubercles over each eye .
Genital operculum length 1 .40-1 .48, width at base 1 .34-1 .68, width at nec k
0 .74-0 .76 . Palpal segment lengths : femora 0 .78-0 .80, patellae 0 .55-0 .57, tibia e
0 .64-0 .66, tarsi 1 .15-1 .33 . Tibiae II without pseudosegments . Femora I-I V
lengths (respectively) : 2 .00-2 .08, 5 .61-6 .08, 2 .06-2 .08, 3 .43-3 .75 ; tibiae I-I V
lengths (respectively) : 1 .58-1 .78, 4 .31-4 .54, 1 .74-1 .82, 2 .31-2 .49 . Semina l
receptacles as in Figures 23 and 24 .
Immatures : Body smooth, lengths 3 .3-4 .5 ; dorsally reddish-brown with
dark reddish-brown ocular tubercle ; creamy-white stripes laterally from scen t
gland pores to about middle of abdomen and creamy-white spot medially o n
last three abdominal tergites ; with characteristic rows of tubercles, as in
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FESTSCHRIFT FOR WALTER W . DALQUEST
adults . Venter creamy-white to whitish-yellow except for anal plate an d
lateral portions of last three to four sternites reddish-brown . Chelicerae and
palpi creamy-white with extensive reddish-brown mottlings . Basal joint o f
chelicerae with distinct ventral spur . Palpi without apophyses or tubercles .
Leg coxae, trochanters, and bases of all femora creamy-white ; femora
(excluding II) and patellae (excluding II) light orange to creamy-orang e
distally, femora II and patellae II distally orangish-brown . Extreme dista l
tips of femora II orange, all tibiae reddish-brown with broad white band s
on II and creamy-white to whitish-orange on distal ends of I, III, and IV .
Tarsi and metatarsi light creamy-brown to light reddish-brown with whit e
on proximal ends of metatarsi III, and distal ends of metatarsi III and IV .
Natural history .—From labels accompanying museum specimens, it i s
clear that many of the specimens were collected under rocks and pieces o f
wood . Adult specimens have been collected throughout the year with th e
majority being taken from July to November . Juveniles are likewise known
throughout the year, but too few specimens are known to determine an y
seasonal trends . Two females collected during October contain large eggs .
This species is known from essentially two regions of Texas, the Chiso s
Mountains and central Texas . From the latter region, specimens have bee n
collected at altitudes from 150 to 550 m, with the majority from 290 to 36 0
m elevation . Collections from the Chisos Mountains were made at elevation s
from 1370 to 2130 m, with the majority from 1550 to 1640 m . No othe r
natural history data are available .
Specimens examined.—U .S .A ., TExAS : county ?, 700 Springs (2 April 1936, collector ?), 1
female (AMNH) ; Palo Pinto Co ., Possum Kingdom State Fish Hatchery (21 Oct . 1979, E .
Matelski), 2 males, 1 female (JCC), 3 mi (4 .8 km) W . of S.H . 16 on P36, Possum Kingdo m
Lake (21 Oct . 1978, G . and C . Spicer), 1 male, 1 female (JCC), 250 yds (288 m) W . of Brazos
River on Hwy . 180 (8 Dec . 1973, W . R . Barber et al .), 1 female, 1 juvenile (JCC) ; San Saba Co. ,
specific locality ? (5 may 1973, T . C. Kaspar), 1 female (JCC) ; Travis Co., Barton Creek (22
Nov . 1899, J . H . Comstock), lectotype male, 2 female paralectotypes (MCZ-Cornell Lot 255), 1
male, 1 female, 1 juvenile paralectotypes (AMNH-Cornell Lot 255), Austin (12-18 March 1903 ,
J . H . Comstock), 1 male, 2 juvenile paralectotypes (AMNH), Travis Park, Lake Travis (1 0
March 1946, H . E . Frizzell), 1 male, 1 female (SMF-RII/9050/301) ; Comal Co ., specific locality
? (16 Oct . 1951, D. L . Frizzell, H . E . Frizzell, and S . B . Martin), 1 male (EP), U .S . Hwy . 281 nr.
Guadalupe River (24 Sept . 1939, Bogert and Vokes), 1 male, 1 penultimate female (AMNH) ;
Bexar Co ., 10 mi (16 km) N . of San Antonio (18 July 1942, E . S. Ross), 2 males, 1 femal e
(CAS), (31 Jan . 1943, E . S . Ross), 1 male, 3 females (CAS), 20 mi (32 km) N . of San Antoni o
(13 Dec . 1942, E . S . Ross), 3 males, 1 female, 1 juvenile (CAS) ; Kendall Co ., Century Caverns
(Cave Without-A-Name) (14 Aug. 1966, K . Hom and A . Jung), 2 males, 1 female (CAS) ; Ker r
Co ., specific locality ? (27 Oct . 1979, N . V . Horner), 1 male (MSU), Camp Chrysalis, 14 m i
(22.5 km) S . W . of Kerrville (15 Oct . 1977, D . Holub and J . C . Cokendolpher), 1 male, 1 female ,
(MSU), 5 males, 5 females, 2 juveniles (JCC) ; Edwards Co . 15 mi (24 km) W . of Rock Spring s
(22 March 1979, O. F . Francke, J . V . Moody, W . D . Sissom, and F . Merickel), 1 penultimate
female (OFF); Kimbell Co ., 7 mi (11 km) E . of Junction (21 Sept. 1968, R . Carpenter), 1 mal e
(MSU) ; Schleicher Co ., 3 mi (4 .8 km) N .W . of Eldorado (10 Aug . 1978, O. F. Francke, J . V .
Moody, and B . Hall), 1 female, 1 juvenile (OFF) ; Brewster Co ., Big Bend National Park, Pin e
Canyon (10 Aug. 1979, O . F . Francke, J . V . Moody, and F . Merickel), 1 female (OFF) ; Kibbee
Spring (11 April 1945, K. P . Schmidt), 1 male (FMNH), Juniper Canyon (5 Aug . 1937, K . P .
Schmidt), 1 juvenile (FMNH), CCC Camp, Chisos Basin (25-30 July 1937, W . L . Necker), 1
COKENDOLPHER—NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN HARVESTMEN
37
male, 1 female (FMNH), Chisos Basin (2 Aug . 1938, collector ?), 3 males (AMNH), 3 male s
(ALE), (31 July 1937, K . P. Schmidt), 1 male, 1 female (FMNH), (6 Aug . 1937, K. P . Schmidt) ,
1 juvenile (FMNH), Chisos Basin Pass (28-29 July 1979, O . F . Francke and J . V . Moody), 1
male, 1 penultimate male, 2 females, 2 juveniles (OFF) .
Dalquestia rugosa (Schenkel), new combination
Figs . 3, 14, 17, 18, 25, 28
Globipes rugosus Schenkel, 1951 :55, fig . 49; Forcart, 1961 :53 ; Cokendolpher, 1980 :134 .
Types .—Male lectotype and male (reported as a juvenile) paralectotyp e
(designated by Forcart, 1961 :53) from Country Club Heights, La Jolla, Sa n
Diego Co ., California, 500 ft (150 m) elev . (10 Jan . 1939, H . Schenkel Rudin), NMB no . 90-a, examined .
Diagnosis and comparisons .—In addition to the characters stated in th e
key to species, D . rugosa can be distinguished by the lack of white spots o n
the posterior end of the abdomen, which are so striking in other Dalquesti a
spp . (Fig . 1) . The cheliceral spur or "hook" is not developed in D . rugosa a s
it is in its congeners (Figs . 13 and 14), but the development of tubercles o n
the distal segment of the chelicerae occurs only in D . rugosa males .
Distribution .—Known only from southwestern California in the U .S .A .
(Fig . 28) .
Description .—Males : Body large, total length 4 .67-5 .81, greatest widt h
2 .42-3 .53, maximum height 2 .38-2 .64 . Dorsum roughly granulated, ligh t
brown to dark reddish-brown with considerable spotting and mottling o f
darker brown ; small tubercles and ridges of abdomen reflect light a s
sparkles ; rounded tubercles on abdomen increase in size posteriorly an d
medially (Fig . 3) . Ocular tubercle length 0 .38-0 .41, width 0 .35-0 .42, heigh t
0 .12-0 .18, with 4-7 short rounded tubercles on each side . Venter uniforml y
light yellow brown to light brown . Anal plate and posterior half of the las t
two sternites strongly rugose ; anterolateral margins of all abdomina l
sternites rugose . Genital operculum length 1 .46-2 .07, width at base 1 .03 1 .58, width at neck 0 .43-0 .71 . Palpal segment lengths : femora 0 .79-1 .12 ,
patellae 0 .60-0 .78, tibiae 0 .72-0 .98, tarsi 1 .19-1 .47 . Chelicerae with man y
tubercles on dorsal surfaces of both segments ; basal joint without ventra l
spur (Fig . 14) . Legs, palpi, and chelicerae light yellowish-brown to ligh t
reddish-brown in color . Leg femora and tibiae slightly darker in color an d
mottled, with rows of large tubercles . Coxae evenly covered with pointed
tubercles except anterior edges of III slightly more tuberculate . Tubercles o n
leg coxae, trochanters, palpi, and chelicerae dark brown to black, ver y
conspicuous . Femora I-IV lengths (respectively) : 1 .80-2 .50, 4 .28-5 .80, 1 .62 2 .09, 2 .16-3 .08 ; tibiae I-IV lengths (respectively) : 1 .69-2 .48 , 3 .81-5 .00, 1 .95 2 .00, 1 .83-2 .38 . Penis as in figures 17 and 18, length 3 .18-4 .02 .
Females : Form and coloration as in males, except legs, palpi, and
chelicerae not enlarged or modified, and body not as tuberculate . Chelicerae
with few tubercles dorsally on basal joint, none on distal joint, lackin g
distinct spur ventrally . Tubercles on abdomen dorsum much smaller tha n
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FESTSCHRIFT FOR WALTER W . DALQUEST
on males (largest female tubercle slightly larger than smallest tubercle o n
males) . Total length 5 .28-5 .49, greatest width 2 .71-2 .80, maximum heigh t
1 .76-2 .18 . Ocular tubercle slightly longer than wide, length 0 .27-0 .34, width
0 .25-0 .30, height 0 .13-0 .14, with 5-7 low tubercles on each side . Genita l
operculum length 1 .10-1 .15, width at base 1 .14-1 .26, width at neck 0 .37-0 .56 .
Palpal segment lengths : femora 0 .66-0 .70, patellae 0 .35-0 .43, tibiae 0 .50-0 .56 .
tarsi 0 .93-1 .06 . Tibiae II without pseudosegments . Femora I-IV length s
(respectively) : 1 .60-1 .72, 4 .50-?, 1 .42-1 .89, 2 .63-2 .81 ; tibiae I-IV length s
(respectively) : 1 .31-1 .40, 3 .77-?, 1 .26-1 .31, 1 .63-1 .67 . Seminal receptacle as i n
figure 25 .
Immature : Body length 4 .4 ; dorsally uniform light brown with dar k
brown to black rings around eyes ; smooth except for two thoracic and seve n
abdominal rows of tubercles . Venter smooth except for small tubercles o n
anal plate ; light creamy-yellow . Palpi and chelicerae lacking all tubercles ,
light yellowish-brown to light reddish-brown in color . Basal segment o f
chelicera with rounded ridge, spur absent . Legs with tibiae angular in cros s
section ; with rows of small tubercles on femora, patellae, and tibiae ; tibia e
II without pseudosegments ; light yellow brown to reddish-brown with som e
mottling .
Natural history .—All known specimens, except for the types, wer e
collected with pitfall traps . Adults have been taken throughout the year .
Two females collected on 15 January and 29 August, respectively, had thei r
abdomens distended and contained large eggs . The single juvenile, a late
instar female, was collected on 19 December . Collections have been made i n
two different regions about 100 km apart . Near the type locality, specimen s
come from areas between 100 and 150 m in elevation and are found i n
altered (disturbed) chaparral . Other samples are known from Paloma r
Mountain (550-1350 m elevation) .
Specimens examined .—U .S .A., CALIFORNIA : San Diego Co ., Country Club Heights, La Joll a
(10 Jan . 1939, H . Schenkel-Rudin), male lectotype, male paralectotype (NMB no . 90-a) ; Sa n
Diego, Hewlett Drive (Oct . 1970, B . J . Kaston), 1 male (WAS) ; Palomar Mountain, Nat e
Harrison Grade, Banta Station 45 (18 April 1970, B . H . Banta), 1 male (CAS), (17 July 1971, B .
H . Banta), 1 male (CAS), (15 Jan . 1972, B . H . Banta), 1 female (CAS) ; Banta Station 52 (2 9
Aug . 1970, B . H . Banta), 1 female (CAS) ; mixed stations (2063-4481 ft elev .—19 Dec . 1970, B .
H . Banta), 1 juvenile female (CAS) .
Dalquestia grasshoffi, new specie s
Figs . 4, 19, 20, 26, 2 8
Types .—Male holotype, male paratype, and two female paratypes fro m
Jacala, Hidalgo, Mexico, 4000 ft (1200 m) elev . (20 April 1963, W . J .
Gertsch and W . Ivie), AMNH .
Etymology .—The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Dr . Manfre d
Grasshoff for his contributions to arachnology .
Diagnosis and comparisons .—Dalquestia grasshoffi is most similar to D .
concho, and from that species, it can be separated by its smaller size and
COKENDOLPHER—NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN HARVESTMEN
39
differences in the leg tibiae . The femora and tibiae of D . grasshoffi are
concolorous, except for the distal ends of the tibiae which are lighter i n
color (not distinctly bicolored) . The tubercles on tibiae II are reduced in siz e
on D . grasshoffi . The basal portions of the leg tibiae in D . concho are
always darker in color than the femora . Tibiae II always have distinctiv e
white bands distally . For additional comments, see diagnosis of D . formosa .
Distribution .—Known only from Jacala, Hidalgo, Mexico (Fig . 28) .
Description .—Males : Body small, total length 3 .09-3 .45, greatest width
2 .00-2 .18, maximum height 1 .34 . Dorsum light reddish-brown with smal l
white opalescent spots on middle of abdominal tergites I and II and large r
white to silvery-white spots on last three tergites ; thoracic and abdomina l
tubercles rounded and approximately equal in size (Fig . 4) . Ocular tubercl e
dark reddish-brown in color ; longer than wide, length 0 .27-0 .30, width 0 .23 0 .25, height 0 .12-0 .18 ; with 5-6 tubercles on each side . Genital operculu m
and venter essentially smooth, except for small pointed tubercles on latera l
margins of abdomen, last free abdominal sternite, and anal plate . Genita l
operculum length 0 .95-0 .96, width at base 0 .98-1 .00, width at neck 0 .43-0 .50 .
Palpal segment lengths : femora 0 .72-0 .96, patellae 0 .48-0 .50, tibiae 0 .60-0 .61 ,
tarsi 0.84-0 .96 . Chelicerae with distinct ventral spur on basal segment ,
lacking dorsal tubercles . Venter of body and chelicerae light yellowish brown ; except anal plate slightly darker, concolorous with dorsum o f
abdomen . Palpi and legs yellowish-brown to reddish-brown : coxae slightl y
lighter, more yellow in color ; distal tips of leg tibiae dorsally wit h
yellowish-white spots (som'etimes weak or absent on II) . Leg coxae with fe w
pointed tubercles clustered on anterior and posterior margins of I, III, an d
IV ; II sometimes with one or two tubercles . Tibiae II with rows of smal l
tubercles on ventral side and smaller and more greatly spaced tubercles o n
basal 1 /3 dorsolaterally ; all other leg femora and tibiae with complete rows
of large pointed tubercles . Tibia II with single pseudosegment . Femora I-I V
lengths (respectively) : 1 .60-1 .70, 4 .81-5 .24, 1 .38-1 .84, 2 .34-2 .44 ; tibiae I-I V
lengths (respectively) : 1 .38-1 .52, 3 .82-4 .04, 1 .27-1 .29, 1 .69-1 .76 . Penis as i n
figures 19 and 20, length 1 .92-2 .04 .
Females : Form and coloration as in males, except abdominal tergite I I
without white spot, femora IV basally yellowish-white, palpal tarsi withou t
ventral rows of tubercles, and legs I, III, and palpi not enlarged . Tota l
length 4 .00-5 .07, greatest width 2 .57-2 .80, maximum height 1 .61-1 .93 .
Ocular tubercle longer than wide, length 0 .32-0 .34, width 0 .27, height 0 .12 0 .20, with 6-8 tubercles on each side . Genital operculum length 1 .04-1 .07 ,
width at base 1 .12, width at neck 0 .52-0 .53 . Palpal segment lengths : femora
0 .61-0 .63, patellae 0 .36-0 .40, tibiae 0 .50-0 .52, tarsi 0 .92-0 .96 . Tibia II with
single pseudosegment . Femora I-IV lengths (respectively) : 1 .52-1 .55, 5 .06 5 .21, 1 .50-1 .55, 2.66-2 .70 ; tibiae I-IV lengths (respectively) : 1 .29-1 .40, 4 .05 4 .73, 1 .26-1 .29, 1 .84-1 .91 . Seminal receptacle as in figure 26 .
Immatures : unknown .
FESTSCHRIFT FOR WALTER W . DALQUES T
40
Natural history .—The only known specimens were collected as adult s
during the middle of April at an elevation of 1200 m . The larger of the tw o
females contains large eggs .
Specimens examined .—Male holotype, male paratype, and two female paratypes .
Dalquestia concho, new specie s
Figs . 5, 21, 22, 27, 2 8
Globipes n . sp .,
Cokendolpher,
1980 :134 .
Types .—Male holotype and two female paratypes from 1 .6 km E . of th e
ranch LaSauceda, Chihuahua, Mexico, 7000 ft (2100 m) elev . (21 July 1947 ,
W . J . Gertsch), AMNH ; and eight additional paratypes listed unde r
specimens examined. The ranch La Sauceda is located approximately 34 k m
(by road) NW of Santa Barbara in a narrow valley surrounded b y
mountains . The type locality is near the crest of the mountains (see Spieth ,
1950 :26, fig . 52) .
Etymology .—The specific epithet is a noun in apposition ; the name of
the Indians of the region .
Diagnosis and comparisons .—In addition to characters stated in the key to
species, see diagnosis under D . grasshof f i .
Distribution .—Southern Chihuahua and northern Durango in Mexic o
(Fig. 28) .
Description .—Males : Body small, total length 4 .42-4 .76, greatest widt h
2 .58-2 .78, maximum height 2 .00-2 .18 . Dorsum reddish-brown to dark brow n
with yellow-white longitudinal stripes from just posterior to scent glan d
pores to tip of abdomen laterally ; last abdominal tergite with a centra l
white spot ; thoracic and abdominal tubercles low, rounded, and approximately equal in size (Fig. 5) . Ocular tubercle reddish-brown in color ; longe r
than wide, length 0 .36-0 .40, width 0 .32-0 .33, height 0 .16-0 .19 ; with 4-6 lo w
rounded tubercles on each side . Genital operculum and venter essentiall y
smooth, except for small pointed tubercles on anal plate, posterior half o f
last abdominal sternite, and sometimes lateral edges of anterior sternites .
Genital operculum length 1 .25-1 .36, width at base 1 .37-1 .47, width at neck
0 .56-0 .58 . Palpal segment lengths : femora 0 .92-1 .06, patellae 0 .68-0 .81, tibiae
o .89-1 .09, tarsi 1 .17-1 .18 . Chelicerae with distinct spur on basal segmen t
ventrally, lacking dorsal tubercles . Venter of body, chelicerae, and palp i
light yellowish-brown ; except for anal plate darker; palpal femora, patellae ,
and tibiae dorsally with white reticulations . Legs light yellow to yellowish brown with distodorsal tips of all leg femora and often patellae with whit e
splotches ; all tibiae, patellae II concolorous with adbominal dorsu m
(reddish-brown to dark brown) ; distal tips of tibiae I, III, and IV, and all o f
tibiae II distal to pseudosegments white ; metatarsi II dark brown ; rows o f
pointed tubercles well developed on all femora and tibiae . Coxae of leg s
with clusters of pointed tubercles on distal ends of I and IV (anterior an d
posterior margins) and III (anterior only) ; other margins with only 2- 5
scattered tubercles . Tibia II with single pseudosegment . Femora I-IV lengths
COKENDOLPHER—NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN HARVESTMEN
41
(respectively) : 2 .09-2 .30, 4 .84-5 .35, 1 .92-2 .74, 2 .73-2 .96 ; tibiae I-IV length s
(respectively) : 1 .92-2 .00, 4 .22-4 .58, 1 .64-1 .80, 2 .00-2 .18 . Penis as in figures 2 1
and 22, length 2 .37-2 .78 .
Females : Form and coloration as in males, except legs I, III, and palp i
not enlarged . White spots on abdominal tergites I and II not well developed .
Tubercles on abdomen smaller than on males . Coxae with clusters o f
denticles on both sides I, and anterior III and IV ; other surfaces eithe r
smooth or with only few scattered tubercles . Tubercles distal to pseudosegments on tibiae II (dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces) smaller and mor e
greatly spaced than proximal tibiae II tubercles . Total length 5 .71-5 .84 ,
greatest width 3 .17-3 .22, maximum height 2 .30-2 .32 . Ocular tubercle longe r
than wide, length 0 .32-0 .32, width 0 .25-0 .29, height 0 .15-0 .15, with 5-6 large
tubercles over each eye . Genital operculum length 1 .13-1 .23, width at bas e
1 .18-1 .32, width at neck 0 .56-0 .61 . Palpal segment lengths : femora 0 .63-0 .69 ,
patellae 0 .35-0 .44, tibiae 0 .55-0 .56, tarsi 0 .97 . Tibia II with single pseudosegment . Femora I-IV lengths (respectively) : 1 .67-1 .84, 4 .96-5 .09, 1 .75-1 .76, 2 .82 ;
tibiae I-IV lengths (respectively) : 1 .50-1 .52, 3 .90-4 .11, 1 .38-1 .48, 1 .80-1 .92 .
Seminal receptacle as in figure 27 .
Immatures : Body lengths 2 .3 and 2 .8 ; dorsally smooth except for rows o f
large pointed tubercles on thoracic tergites and abdomen (as in adults) an d
small to minute tubercles scattered over entire dorsum . Venter, coxae ,
chelicerae, and palpi smooth . Palpi with few small spines . Chelicerae wit h
distinct pointed ventral spur on basal joint . Legs essentially as in adul t
females but with tubercles greatly reduced in size ; tibia II with singl e
pseudosegment . Coloration of body and legs as in adults except much paler ;
dorsum yellow brown to light brown .
Natural history .—Adults are known from January and July . One of the
two females contained large eggs . Although only one specimen wa s
collected at some time other than July, it must be remembered that all th e
July collections were made by a single expedition . Most animals wer e
collected in mountainous areas with grasses, century plants, a few shru b
junipers, and some cacti . Other specimens were taken in moister situation s
in sparse oak and pine woods . Photographs of the region as well a s
descriptions of each locality are given by Spieth (1950 :25-33, figs . 15, 18) .
All collections were at elevations from about 1700 to 2300 m, with th e
majority from about 1950 m .
Specimens examined .—Holotype and 10 paratypes—MEXICO, CHIHUAHUA : 1 .6 km E . o f
ranch La Sauceda (21 July 1947, W . J . Gertsch), male holotype, 2 females (AMNH) ; Valle d e
Olivos (20 July 1947, W . J . Gertsch), 1 male (AMNH) ; Santa Barbara (20 Jan . 1947, M. G .
Bradt), 1 male (AMNH) . DURANGO : Encino (27 July 1947, W . J . Gertsch), 1 male, 1 juvenil e
(AMNH) ; Los Puentes (23 July 1947, W . J. Gertsch), 3 males, 1 juvenile (AMNH) .
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am grateful to Drs. Arthur F. Beyer and Norman V . Horner for giving me the opportunity
to join former students in honoring Dr . Walter W . Dalquest. Dr . Robert W . Mitchel l
generously provided the photograph of Dalquestia formosa, and Dr . Willis J . Gertsch kindl y
supplied me with information on his collections from Mexico, including a loan of the
.12
FESTSCHRIFT FOR WALTER W . DALQUEST
publication by Spieth . Thanks are extended to my wife, Jean, for her assistance in all phases o f
this study and to Dr . B . J . Kaston for information on the natural history of Dalquestia rugosa .
Dr. Oscar F. Francke and Mr . Greg S . Spicer are gratefully acknowledged for their critica l
reviews of the manuscript and for gifts and loans of specimens . Thanks are also extended to th e
following individuals and curators for their continued assistance with loans of specimens : Dr .
Arlan Edgar, Alma College, Alma, Michigan (ALE) ; Dr . Oscar F . Francke, Texas Tec h
University (OFF) ; Dr. Manfred Grasshoff, Natur-Museum Senckenberg-Forschungsinstitut ,
Frankfurt, West Germany (SMF) ; Dr. Norman V . Horner, Midwestern State University (MSU) ;
Dr. David H . Kavanaugh, Dr . Wojciech J . Pulawski, and Mr . Vincent F . Lee, Californi a
Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California (CAS) ; Dr . Herbert W . Levi, Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (MCZ) ; Dr . William B .
Peck, Exline-Peck Collection, Warrensburg, Missouri (EP) ; Dr . Norman I . Platnick, America n
Museum of Natural History, New York, New York (AMNH) ; Dr. William A . Shear, Hampden Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, Virginia (WAS) ; Dr . Eric H . Smith, Field Museum of
Natural History, Chicago, Illinois (FMNH) ; and Dr . Ernst Sutter, Naturhistorisches Museum ,
Basel, Switzerland (NMB) . This study was supported in part by funds provided by th e
Arthropod Biology Program at Texas Tech University .
LITERATURE CITE D
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. 1910 . A Handsome Species of Phalangidae . Entomol . News, 21 :156 .
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by Schenkel . Entomol . News, 91 :133-135 .
1981a . Revision of the genus Trachyrhinus Weed (Opiliones, Phalangioidea) . J .
Arachnol ., 9 :1-18 .
1981b . The harvestman genus Liopilio Schenkel (Opiliones : Phalangiidae) . J . Arachnol ., 9 :309-316 .
COMSTOCK, J . H . 1948 . The spider book . Rev. ed . (W . J . Gertsch, ed .) . Comstock Publish-
ing Co ., Inc., Ithaca, 729 pp .
FORCART, L . 1961 . Katalog der Typusexemplare in der Arachnida-Sammlung des Naturhistor-
ischen Museums zu Basel : Scorpionidea, Pseudoscorpionidea, Solifuga, Opilionidea ,
and Araneida . Verhandl . Naturf. Ges . Basel, 72 :47-87 .
GERTSCH, W . J .
1939. Report on a collection of Arachnida from the Chisos Mountains . Contrib . Baylor Univ . Mus ., 24 :17-26 .
GRITZENKO, N . I . 1972 .
Globipes charitonovi sp . n . (Opiliones, Phalangiinae) from Kazakhstan . Zool . Zhur ., 51 :1572-1574 .
GRUBER, J . 1969 . Bemerkungen zur Genitalmorphologie and systematischen Stellung vo n
Metopilio australis (Banks) (Phalangiidae : Opiliones, Arachnida) . Ann . Naturhist .
Mus. Wien, 73 :271-274 .
G . W . 1970 . A Manual of Acarology . Oregon State Univ . Book Stores, Inc. ,
Corvallis, 335 pp.
ROEWER, C. F . 1912 . Revision der Opiliones Palpatores ( = Opiliones Plagiostethi) II . Teil :
Familie der Phalangiidae . (Subfamilien : Sclerosomini, Oligolophini, Phalangiini) . Abhandl . Naturw. Ver ., Hamburg, 20 :1-295 + 4 pls .
. 1923 . Die Weberknechte der Erde . Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannte n
Opiliones . Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1116 pp .
1956 . Uber Phalangiinae (Phalangiidae, Opiliones Palpatores) . (Weitere Weberknechte XIX) . Senckenberg. Biol ., 37 :247-318 .
1976 . Annotated checklist of the arachnid fauna o f
ROWI .AND, J . M ., AND J . R . REDDELL .
Texas (excluding Acarida and Araneida) . Occas . Papers Mus ., Texas Tech Univ . ,
KRANTZ,
38 :1-25 .
COKENDOLPHER—NEW GENUS OF NORTH AMERICAN HARVESTMEN
43
SCHENKEL, E . 1951 . Spinnentiere aus dem westlichen Nordamerika, gesammelt von Dr . Han s
Schenkel-Rudin . Verhandl . Naturf. Ges . Basel, 62 :28-62 .
SPIETH, H . T . 1950 . The David Rockefeller Mexican Expedition of the American Museum o f
Natural History . Introductory Account . Amer. Mus . Novitates, 1454 :1-67 .
STAREGA, W . 1978 . Katalog der Weberknechte (Opiliones) der Sowjet-Union . Fragm . Faun . ,
Warszawa, 23 :197-234.
Address of author : Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock ,
Texas 79409.