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Professional Mobile Radio: Providing a
Dependable Message Delivery
Infrastructure for Early Warning Systems
Edward Mutafungwa
Department of Communications and Networks
Teknillinen Korkeakoulu (TKK)
Otakaari 5A, FIN-02015 Espoo (Finland)
Tel. (+358) 9 451 2318
Fax. (+358) 9 451 2345
edward.mutafungwa@tkk.fi
DEWS Mid Term Conference
Potsdam, Germany, 7-8 July 2009
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Introduction
ƒ Early warning systems (EWS) used to rapidly disseminate
warning messages to specific individuals, communities or
organizations in response to an imminent or oncoming
emergency or hazard event
- Provide description of event and areas under risk
- Providing instructions on evacuation measures and how to behave before
and after the event
ƒ The warning dissemination has to be executed in a manner
that ensures that:
- Message delivery is timely and reliable
- Message content is accurate
- Message content understandable and usable
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Warning Message Dissemination via Public Land Mobile Networks
ƒ Over half the global population have
access to mobile services (voice and SMS)
Text msg.
5/172
3G
From
Warning Center
Flood Warning! Caution! Your
location (Otaniemi) is
NOKIA N95
g flood. Move
threatened by a
240 X 320
immediately away from the
coast. Seek shelter! Reach
high ground or solid building!
Options
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Back
Warning Message Dissemination via Public Land Mobile Networks
ƒPublic Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
infrastructure used for warning dissemination
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Limitations of PLMN for Warning Dissemination
ƒ Message dissemination delays or non-delivery due
network congestion
- PLMN not originally designed for broadcast-type mass text or
multimedia messaging
- Routine network congestion, particularly during busy hour traffic periods
- Surge in traffic volumes due to anticipated events (e.g. New Years eve)
or unanticipated emergency events (e.g. 7/7 London bombing)
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Limitations of PLMN for Warning Dissemination
ƒ Message dissemination delays or non-delivery due to limited or
no network coverage
- Lack of commercial incentive by operators to extend coverage to an area
- Coverage loss or reduction resulting from damage to network facility sites
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The need for PMR networks dedicated for Authorities
ƒProfessional Mobile
Radio (PMR)
- Dedicated networks for
authorities
- Improved survivability to
possible damage
- More robust security
General Public
Public Land Mobile Networks
Multiple technologies (GSM, CDMA2000, etc.),
Multiple operators, Shared by all subscribers
Public Authorities and
Government Agencies
Early Warning
Center
Professional Mobile Radio Networks
Open digital PMR standards (TETRA, APCO25 etc.),
Not accessible to general public
Local Warning
Systems
Emergency Response Organizations
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Prominent PMR standards
ƒ TETRAPOL
- Maintained by TETRAPOL Publicly Available
Specification http://www.tetrapol.com/
- Mostly deployed in Europe
ƒ APCO-25 or P25
- Jointly maintained by Telecommunications Industry
Association (TIA), Association of Public Safety
Communications Officials International (APCO) and
others
- Majority (over 90%) of the market being in North
America
ƒ TErrestial Trunked RAdio (TETRA)
- Global ETSI standard (also maintained by TETRA
Association)
- Main focus of this presentation
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TETRA Deployment Trends
ƒ Widely deployed in Europe
ƒ Sharp increase in contract awards in emerging
markets
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TETRA Users
ƒ Public Safety (emergency telecoms) sector remains largest user of
TETRA
ƒ Notable usage growth Oil & Gas and possibly Commerce & Industry
Public Safety and Security, Disaster Relief
Logistics, Utilities and
Industry
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TETRA Warning Dissemination using SDS
ƒShort Data Service (SDS)
MM07 17:31
p12345:
Tsumani
Warning! Your
area xxxx is
under risk of …
- Text messaging similar to SMS service in
public networks
- Individual and group messaging
- SDS bearer for a range of TETRA Value
Added Services
OK
Example app: Position sending by SDS for
Automatic Vehicle/Person Location
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Source: EADS
TETRA Terminal Equipment
Vehicle-Mounted
Motorola MTM 800
EADS TMR880i
Hand-Portable
EADS THR880i
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Telemetry/RTU/Data Modem
Motorola MTC100
TETRA PDA
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Sepura SRM3500
TETRA Networks
Radio BS towers
ƒ Switching and Management
Infrastructure (SwMI)
Network Management,
Customer Care and
Billing Systems
MS
MS
BS
BS
Dispatcher
Cell coverage
area
Rapid field deployable BS
Dispatch
consoles
BS
MSC
Other TETRA
network
PSTN, PLMN etc.
MSC
Internet/Intranet
BS
MSC
Third-party
application servers
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BS
BS: Base Station
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network
MS: Mobile Station
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
MSC: Mobile Switching Center
TETRA: Terrestrial Trunk Radio
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Dispatcher
ƒ Dispatcher is an organizational
operator or administrator on duty
linked to users via the TETRA
network
- Monitors status and location of field
units
- Has better overview of situation picture
- Manages group definition (create group,
add new member, priorities, areas, etc.)
- Manages rights of users
- Broadcast voice or text messages to
group
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Dispatcher Managed Message Delivery
Message dispatch over
TETRA network(s)
Police
Fire/Rescue
services
Early Warning Center
Emergency Response Center
Ambulance
Transport
Dispatchers
Mobile/Field Units
End-to-End Early Warning Message Flow
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TETRA Network Security
ƒ TETRA standards provide specification for
implementation stringent network security measures
- Encryption
- Authentication
- Terminal enable/disable
- User anonymity
Challenge
MS
Response
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TETRA Network Resilience
ƒDirect Mode Operation for improved
resilience/survivability
ƒIn Fall Back mode base station processes local
calls
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TETRA Case Study
ƒ VIRVE (VIRanomaisVErkko)
network
MSC
BS
- Finnish state-owned TETRA network
for public safety and security
- Nationwide coverage (330,000 km2)
- Coverage area includes the Gulf of
Finland for maritime purposes serving
also the Estonian frontier guards and
maritime agencies.
- 1300 BSs and 15 MSCs (Nokia, EADS
Secure Networks)
- Rollout completed in late 2002
Helsinki
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TETRA Case Study
Breakdown of VIRVE user groups
ƒVIRVE has around
50,000 users
- Or around 25000 mobile
terminals
- Shared by multiple
agencies/authorities
- Different user organizations
are afforded same privacy and
resources as in dedicated
networks
- Integrated with the 15
Emergency Response
Centers (112)
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7%
5%
9%
44 %
11 %
24 %
Fire and Rescue
Police Forces
Defence Forces
Social & Health Services
Frontier Gaurd & Customs
Other agencies
TETRA Case Study
ƒ Example VIRVE use for nationwide
monitoring of radiation levels
– Radiation measurement data gathered
by a few hundred remote monitoring
stations
– Include Sepura SRM3500 TETRA RTUs
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TETRA Case Study
ƒ Stations send
measurements
every 10 min to
STUK and
Emergency
Response Center
ƒ Sent over VIRVE
network
- TETRA packet data
- SDS used as backup
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Conclusions
ƒ Benefits of Professional Mobile Network (PMR) network as an
early warning platform
- Target authorities, emergency first response, utility companies, transport
operators etc.
ƒ Smooth transition from early warning to emergency response
phase
ƒ Digital PMR standards (e.g. TETRA) increasingly popular
- Secure
- Resilient/robust
- Promotes group/teamwork
ƒ The requirement for effective early warning to first responders
underlines the need for PMR networks
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Thank
youyou
for your
Thank
forattention!
your attention!
www.dews-online.org
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