docrogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma?
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rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma?
oqtomberi 2013, #2 www.naec.ge NAEC.GE rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma? `erTxel 11 wlis biWma, romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar mogwons mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo? mipasuxa, me pativs ar mcemeno... vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom mSoblebs ar uyvarxar? rogor arao, mipasuxa, magram siyvaruli da pativiscema sxvadasxva rameao. mere ganazogada da Tqva, am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs pativs ar scemeno... ~ gv. 14. borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi rekomendaciebi gamosaSvebi gamocdebisTvis saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi NAEC.GE gamocdebis erovnuli centri sarCevi rubrika gverdi saTauri 3 winasityvaobis magier... 4 wignier adamianad gaxdomis surviliT... 9 saskolo asakis zRvarze 15 „iq, sadRac, xelis gawvdenaze“ 17 erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani mxare 23 pedagogTa sertificireba _ rogorc stimuli 27 rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma? 31 `codna Tavisuflebis sawindaria~ 33 interviu ganaTlebis eqspertTan svaminaTan hariharanTan 35 „mxolod is kulturaa faseuli, romelic sxva eris cnobierebaSi SeaRwevs da iq daikavebs adgils“ diskusia 39 mrgvali magida _ erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi 2013! interviu 43 nomris konkursSi gamarjvebuli statia 47 borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi xelovneba 49 eTnografiuli muzeumis „klasika“ fotoreportaJi 52 weroebi mifrinaven Sors saganmanaTleblo kvlevebi 55 saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi STabeWdileba 60 qarTuli sabrZolo xelovneba 62 roca maswavlebeli genatreba 65 `sabas~ laureati ucnobi portreti 70 akakis mcveli literaturuli gverdi 72 saswavlo olimpiadaSi gamarjvebuli nawarmoebebi zogadi ganaTlebis problemebi gamocdebi 2013 nomris stumari rekomendacia 74„NAEC.GE“ _ pirveli nomris prezentacia NAEC.GE winasityvaobis magier... Tornike ziziaSvilis foto `mogmarTavT Cvenis sazogadoobis wevrTa, romelTac SegiZlianT naTelis gonierebiTac cxadad dainaxoT da ganwmendilis guliTac kargad aswonoT, vis ra valdebuleba gaZevsT winaSe RvTisa an ra pasuxis gamcemni unda iyvneT Tqvenis Svilebisa, Tqvenis sazogadoobisa da qveynis winaSe... Tu Semosavlebis romelime nawils Svilebisa da STamomavlobis aRsazrdelad gadasdebT, _ maSin gTxovT, kargad daufiqrdeT amas, _ raodenad SeimsubuqebT Tqvens mamobrivs valdebulebasa da raoden xels moumarTavT mrTelis sazogadoebis ganaTlebasa!! xom kargaT iciT, rom dReidam mxolod ganaTlebaRa aris Cveni fexzed damayenebeli imedi!~ dimitri yifiani 3 NAEC.GE wignier adamianad gaxdomis surviliT... alabaT ar arsebobs ukeTesi an uaresi Taoba. jer kidev 1875 wls keTilSobil qalTa institutis ga dawva daapira erTma Tbiliselma gogonam, romelic, rogorc anastasia TumaniSvili werda, ma ma daviTze gaqceula da iqidan akvirdeboda „ro gor agizgi zdeboda saZageli instituti“. arada saqarTveloSi daarsebul amierkavkasiis ke TilSobil qalTa pirvel ins tituts absoluturad „keTil Sobili“ misia da miznebi hqonda _ „qarTvel TavadaznaurTa ojaxebidan gamosuli qaliS vilebi samefo taxtisa da eklesiis erTgulebis sulis kveTebiT aRezarda.“ am dawese bulebaSi, dRevandeli gadmosa xedidan sulac ar iswavleboda iseTi rTuli sagnebi, rom cec xlis mosakideblad gaemetebi naT moswavleebs: saxvTo sjuli, ariTmetika, geografia, cekva, olRa guramiSvilixatva, xelsaqme, buneba da suf nikolaZisa _ amierkavkasiis Ta we ra, raRa Tqma unda, ru keTilSobil suli da franguli. msu rvel qalTa institutis TaTvis qarTuli da som x u ric. kursdamTavrebuli. imasac ver vit yviT, rom sas wvalebelSi aRuzrdeli da cudi bavSvebi swavlobd nen, radgan ma Ti miRebis wesebi mkacrad iyo gawe rili: 80 moswavlidan 40 umaRlesi aristokratiis wridan unda yofiliyo, 20 _ samxedro da samoqala qo samsaxurSi myofTa Svilebi, maTi swavla xazini dan finansdeboda. darCenil 20 adgils ki mdidari Tbiliselebis Svilebi ikavebdnen da did ga da saxadebsac ixdidnen. gvarebs rom gadaxedoT, Zi riTadad maTSi Tbiliseli somxebi SegxvdebaT, rom lebic im droisaTvis sololakSi da golovinis prospeqtze (rusTavelis gamziri) saukeTeso sax lebSi cxovrobdnen. skolis gadawva germanuli war moSobis gogonam _ vinme Sengertma gadawyvita, romlis mamac saxelmwifo moxeled muSaobda saqar T veloSi. saswavleblebis mimarT damokide buleba yovelTvis aseTia. zogi metad interesiania da xalisiT misdevs „Semecnebis“ process, zogisaTvis skola „cixea“ da ar uyvars es dawesebuleba. magaliTad, Zalian cnobil fsiqologs piter greis imdenad sZulda skola, rom dRemde SeuZlebelia misi gadarwmuneba, axlac miiCnevs da naSromebs wers imis Sesaxeb, rom skola arafriT gansxvavdeba ci xisagan... „Tu migaCniaT, rom skola cixe ar aris, maSin agvixseniT gansxvaveba. erTaderTi gansxvaveba, romelic maxsendeba, is aris, rom cixeSi mosaxvedrad saWiroa danaSaulis Cadena, xolo skolaSi xvdebi mxolod asakis gamo. sxva mxriv skola da cixe erTi da igivea. orivegan garTmeven Tavisuflebasa da Rirsebas, migiTiTeben, ra akeTo da moTxovnis SeusruleblobisaTvis gsjian... yvelam, vinc sko laSia namyofi, aRqmis gansazRvrul etapze icis, 4 rom es cixea. rogor SeiZleba, ar icodnen? magram adamianebi xSirad racionalurad iqcevian da amboben (rogorc wesi, sxva sityvebiT), rom bavSvebs sWir debaT cixis es saxeoba da SesaZloa moewonoT kidec igi, Tu mas kargad marTaven. am racionalizaciidan gamomdinare, Tu bavSvebs ar moswonT skola, mizezi is ki ar aris, rom skola cixea, aramed is, rom mis mmarTvelebs akliaT sikeTe an xalisi, an goniereba bavSvebis go nebis misapyrobad. mag ram yvela, vinc cota ram mainc icis bavSvebis Sesaxeb da vinc Tavs uflebas aZlevs gulwrfelad ifi qros, unda xvdebodes, rom am racio nalizaciis miRma bevri ramis danaxvaa SesaZlebeli. bavS vebi, iseve, rogorc zrdas ruli adamianebi, gamudmebiT Tavisuflebisaken miiltvian. maT ar moswonT, rodesac Ta visuflebas uzRudaven. Tavi anT Tavisuflebas bavSvebi ZiriTadad TviTganaTlebisa Tvis iyeneben. isini biologi urad arian mom zadebulni olRa guramiSvili amisaTvis. bavSvebi ikvleven meuRlesTan niko da TamaSoben Tavisuflad, im nikolaZesTan erTad xerxebiT, rom lebic maT im fizikuri da socialuri samyaros SeswavlaSi exmareba, sadac viTardebian. skolaSi ki maT aiZuleben, uari Tqvan TavianT interesebze da samagierod akeTon is, rasac maswavlebeli moiTxovs maTgan. amitomac ar uyvarT bavSvebs skola.“ rogor saocrebadac ar unda mogeCenoT guglis saZiebo sistemaSic ki ver ipovniT Temas an statias skolis siyvarulze an saskolo sistemis qebaze. am saswavleblis cecxlis modeba da ganadgureba ki dRemde bevrs uxaria: „roca skolaze vfiqrob, cxadad vxedav erT kadrs: vdgavar skolis pirdapir. albaT, 13 wlis var. ezoSi xalxmravlobaa, magram me calke dgoma mirCevnia. Senobis mesame sarTuls Tvals ar vaSoreb da sxvebis saubars yuradRebas ar vaqcev. ra azri aqvs. mainc erTsa da imaves imeo reben: _ rato gaCnda? _ mand meTerTmeteebia, sigarets datovebda vinme. Tan iataki navTiania da... _ Zaan didi xani araa, rac es saxanZro Sesulia? _ gamovlen, aba ras izamen. _ moica, kompiuterebis oTaxsac gadaedo? _ ravi, kvamli ki gamodis da... saqme isaa, rom skola iwvis da saqme isaa, rom me es mixaria. mixaria ara rogorc borot adamians an rogorc cud moswavles, aramed rogorc Cveulebriv bavSvs da me erTaderTi ar var. Cems Tanaklaselebsac uxariaT, Cems paralelur klase lebsac. sxvebsac... Cven yvelas gvixaria, rom skola iwvis da isic gvixaria, rom skolisaTvis cecxlis wakideba Cven ar dagvWirda. marTla NAEC.GE ramden problemas avarideT Tavi. madloba mwevel meTerTmeteklaselebs.“ (anina tefnaZe „tabula“ 13.08.13). piradad me _ miyvarda skolaSi siaruli. ganaTlebis miReba sainteresoa! institutic miyvarda _ ufro meti ganaTlebis miReba, ufro sainteresoa! ase fiqrobdnen albaT qarTveli gogonebic, romlebmac is avadsaxsenebeli amierkavkasiis keTilSobil qalTa instituti saukeTeso SedegiT _ „oqros SifriT“ daamTavres da ganaTlebis misaRebad SveicariaSi gemiT gaiparnen. es xdeba 1873 wels. am ambavs didi aJiotaJi mohyolia. iseTi ambavi, rom Cvens saukuneSi mas qarTvelma mkvlevrebma naSromebi miuZRvnes. q-nma manana javaxiSvilma da q-nma lela xomerikma gamosces wigni „qalTa sazogadoebrivi saqmianoba saqarTveloSi“, romelSic qarTveli gogonebis saswavleblad gaparvis ambavs vrceli Tavi aqvs daTmobili: qalbatono manana, rogor fiqrobT, ratom gauC ndaT qarTvel gogonebs sazRvargareT swavlis gag rZelebis survili da ratom iyvnen iZulebu lebi sxvisi piradobis mowmobebiT gaparuliyvnen SveicariaSi? _ es ambavi XIX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi moxda. im periodSi, mogexsenebaT, saqarTveloSi umaRlesi saswavlebeli ar arsebobda, xolo ruseTis univer sitetebSi swavlebas uamravi formaluri xasi aTis dabrkoleba axlda Tan. giorgi wereTlis azriT, qarTvel qalebs evropaSi saswavleblad wasvlis survili 1871 wels uxcoeTidan Tbi lis Si dab runebulma profesorma ivane TarxniSvilma aRuZra, romelmac eqsperimentul fiziologiaSi waikTxa le qciebi. Tumca mxolod es ar iyo maTi sazRvargareT saswavleb lad gamgzavrebis mizezi. olRa gura miSvili-niko la Zisa mogonebebSi wers, rom Sveica riaSi saswavleblad maT gamgzavrebaze didi gavlena iqonia pedagogma, demokratiuli ideebiT Sepyro bilma qalbatonma, ma riam nadeJdinam. 1872 wels ciurixSi pirvelad gaemgzavra pelagia nacvliSvili, mas Semdeg mih yvnen eketerine da olimpiada nikolaZeebi (niko nikolaZis debi), ol Ra gu ra mi Svili, bogumila zemian skaia, ekaterine meliqi Svili (petre meliqiSvilis da), mariam wereTeli (gi orgi wereTlis da), efemia elioziSvili. oliko gu ra miSvilma Tavisi gamg zavrebis Sesaxeb ojaxs ar Seatyobina. rogorc Cans, ojaxi gamgzavrebis ufle bas ar miscemda. im peri odSi qalTa ganaTlebisa da emansipaciis sakiTxebi aqtiurad ar ganixile boda, qalis tradiciuli q cia ojaxis TbilisSi 1880 w. gadaRebuli roli da fun Seqmna da misi mov la foto JenevaSi studenturi cxovrebis samaxsovrod gaxldaT. niko nikolaZem 5 NAEC.GE aiRo pasportebi Tavisi debisaTvis, magram mxolod erTi da gaemgzavra, meoris saxeliT ki _ oliko guramiSvili. _ rogori Sefasebebi mohyva qarTuli sazoga doebis mxridan am faqts? _ qarTveli qalebis sazRvargareT saswavleb lad wasvla im droisaTvis sakmaod moulodneli, uCveulo movlena iyo. gazeTi „droeba“ werda, rom xalxSi miTqma-moTqmaa atexili am ambavze, „vin qali da vin eqimio? pansioni gauTavebiaT, qmari SeirTon da moisvenono“. Tumca qarTuli sazogadoebis pro gresulad moazrovne nawili dadebiTad gamoexmaura am ambavs, magaliTad, ni ko nikolaZe, giorgi wereTeli, sergei mesxi. giorgi eri sTavma dawera piesa „wasvla evropaSi“, romlis gmir qals ocne bad eqca Sveica riaSi saswavleblad wasvla. al. yazbegma am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT vrceli we rili gamoaqveyna „dro ebaSi“: „warmoidgineT, ro gor guls ar daakldes kacs, rodesac Seityob, rom ekaterine (kato) nikolaZe peterburRSi, amdeni qale bis saswavlebelSi, rom erTi Cveni mxaris qali ar moipoveba... warsul zaf xuls moxda pirveli magaliTi Cveni qalebis univer sitetSi saswavleblad curixSi wasvlisa. es movlena imdenad sasiamovnoa, ramdenadac Znelia“. _ rogor warimarTa maTi saqmianoba sazRvar gareT? _ 1873 wels ciurixSi da Semdgom ukve JenevaSi myofma qarTvelma studentebma daaarses sazogadoeba „uReli“, romlis mizani iyo sazRvar gareT mcxovreb qarTvel studentTa gaerTianeba, erTamneTisaTvis codnis gaziareba da daxmareba. saqarTveloSi dasavluri ideebi Ca moitanes da daayenes qalTa emansipaciis sakiTxi. sazogadoeba „uRlis“ wevrebi werilebs agzavnidnen „droebaSi“ gamosaqveyneblad. _ rogori moswavleebi da Semdeg pedagogebi iyvnen is qarTveli gogonebi, romelbmac swavla sazRvargareT gaagrZeles da Semdeg maswavleble bad da sazogado moRvaweebad dabrundnen samSob loSi? _ sazRvargareT saswavleblad gamgazvrebul qarTvel qalTa umravlesoba sakmaod cnobili da warmatebuli moRvawe gaxda. magaliTad, ekaterine meliqiSvili gaxldaT literaturul-mTargmnelo biTi qalTa wris aqtiuri wevri, mTargmneli. aseve Tavis meuRlesTan, sergei mesxTan erTad igi qar TvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga doebis namdvili wevri iyo; ekaterine meliqiSvili xelmZRvanelobda Tavisi ojaxis stamba-gamom cem lobas, TanamSromlobda Jurnal „jejilTan“, werda moTxrobebs. olRa guramiSvili-nikolaZisa saqarT veloSi dabrunebis Semdeg pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweoda; igi imdenad warmatebuli maswavlebeli aRmoCnda, rom iakob gogebaSvilma da niko cxveda Zem olRa vaJebis saTavadaznau ro saswavlebelSi miiw vies rusulis maswavleb lad (manamde vaJTa skolebSi mxolod mamaka ce bi aswavlidnen). olRa guramiSvili-nikolaZisa publicistic gax ldaT; niko nikolaZes Tan qorwinebis Semdeg (1883 w.) igi pedagogiur moRvaweobas did jixaiSSi agrZelebs, aarsebs qalTa pirvel skolas, foTis qalTa skolas qalTa gimnaziad gardaqmnis. 1873 wels ciurixis universitets ruseTis mTavrobam oficialurad mosTxova gaericxa qarT veli gogonebi saswavleblidan da samSobloSi gamoegzavna isini. mizezad socialisturi ide foTis vaJTa gimnazia maT Soris iyvnen kato da olimpiada nikolaZeebi, olRa guramiSvili, bogumila zemi anskaia, pelo nacvliSvili, ekaterine meliqiSvili, romlebmac 6 ebis gatarebis garda isic saxldeboda, rom sazRvargareT swavla mxolod Tvalis asaxvevad iyo mogonili da sinamdvileSi maTi ganzraxva gaxldaT: „daubrkoleblad miscn Tavi Tavisufals NAEC.GE siyvarulsa“. aseTi Seuracxyofebis fonze maT mainc moaxerxes SveicariaSi darCena da JenevaSi gaagrZeles swavla. swavlis gasagrZeleb lad garkveuli dabrko lebebis gadalaxvas aqvs Tavisi xiblic. Tundac is, rom Sen SegiZlia akrZa lul xils eziaro. mwera li daniel penaki swored am xibls miiCnevs erT-erT mTavr mizezad, ris gamoc Cvens winaprebs uyvardaT kiTxva. ai, ras wers is Tavis wignSi „ro ma niviT sakiTxavi“, romelic ukve 30 enaze iTargmna da 21-e saukunis mso f lio bescelerad iq ca: „uwignuroba, albaT, aseTi sadardebeli ar iqne boda, Cven rom iseT Taobas, epoqas, an wres vekuTvnodeT, sadac kiTxvas uSlian. _ Sewyvite kiTxva, nu amoiRame Tvalebi! _ wadi, Svilo iTamaSe, naxe, ra mSvenieri amindia! mokled, kiTxvis dro arasdros iyo. dRisiT sul kargi amindi iyo da gareT unda gasuliyavi, RamiT sul bneloda da unda dageZina... kiTxva mavneblobad iTvleboda. amitom iyo, rom axali romanis aRmoCenas ojaxisadmi daumorCileblobis xiblic emateboda. xom iciT, ormagad akrZaluli xili ormagad gemrielia! o, ra dauviwyari iyo gadasafareblis qveS farnis Suqze kiTxvaSi gatarebuli saaTebi! rogor miiCqaroda ana karenina Tavisi vronskisken SuaRamisas! maT uyvardaT erTmaneTi da es ukve mSvenieri iyo, magram kiTxvis akrZalvam maTi siyvaruli saswaulad aqcia. maT uyvardaT erTmaneTi ded-mamis akrZalvis miu xe davad, Sua gzaSi gawyvetili maTematikis da valebis miuxedavad, dasamTavrebeli frangulis savarjiSos miuxedavad, dasalagebeli oTaxis mi uxe davad, sadilisa da desertis miuxedavad. maT erTmaneTi airCies fexburTis matCisa da sokoebis Segrovebis nacvlad da sxva yvelafers amjobines. RmerTo maRalo, es xom namdvili siyvarulia! afsus, ra male damTavrda es romani... kiTxva ver hguobs brZanebiT kilos. amiT is „siyvarulsa“ da „ocnebas“ hgavs. Cven ki is televizoris yureba jildos rangSi aviyvaneT, wignis kiTxvas ki xarkis gadaxdis mniSvneloba mivaniWeT. es sxvaTa Soris Cven movifiqreT, sxvam ki ara...“ ase rom, ar arsebobs ukeTesi an uaresi Tao ba, ar sebobs gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebi da 7 NAEC.GE sxvadasxva gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi. mSobeli, romelic saxlSi mosvlisTanave televizors miujdeba da danarCen Tavsufal dros socialuri qselebis Tvalierebas andomebs, ver daarwmunebs Svils, rom wignis kiTxva sasiamovno da yoveldRiurad aucielbeli procesia. ver daarwmunebs, rom „wigni mis cxovrebaSi iseT adgils ikavebs, romelsac sxva veravin da veraferi daikavebs, Tumca am sxvasac verasdros Secvlis wigni. kiTxva arasdros iZleva cxovrebis mza recepts, Tumca urRvev bades abams adamiansa da samyaros Soris. es Txeli, idumali Zafebia, romlebic cxovrebis bednierebisa da misi absurdulobis urTierTgamomricxav ambebze egeba. amitom CvenTvis kiTxvis safuZveli iseve ucnauria, rogorc arsebobis... kiTxva, iseve, rogorc siyvaruli, drois SegrZnebas akargvinebs adamians... da gardaqmnis mas bednier da srulfasovan arsebad“. (d. penaki). wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevebma aCvena, rom „wignieri“ axalgazrdebi, rogorc wesi, im ojaxebSi izrdebian, romlebsac kargi biblioTeka aqvT da mSoblebs uyvarT kiTxva. qeTi kvitatiani miSa giorgaZis fotoebi, aseve gamoyenebulia arqivSi daculi me-19 saukunis fotomasala. 8 NAEC.GE saskolo asakis zRvarze TamaSiT dawyebuli urTierToba interviu fsiqologiis mecnierebaTa doqtorTan, profesor Tamar gagoSiZesTan _ qalbatono Tamar, daaxloebiT ori welia, rac 5 wlis asakis bavSvis skolaSi Seyvana oficialurad nebadarTulia, Tumca mSoblebi manamdec cdilobdnen Svili 6 wlamde mieyvanaT pirvel klasSi, maT amisaTvis sakuTari argumentebi aqvT. iqneb imaze visaubroT, ra uaryofiTi mxareebi aqvs am asakSi bavSvis skolaSi miyvanas? _ es Zalian aqtualuri kiTxvaa, miTumetes dRes. miuxedavad imisa, rom mSobels TiTqos arCevans aZ leven, eubnebian, rom su rvilis SemTxvevaSi Se iy vanos 5 wlis bavSvi skolaSi, samwuxarod, CvenTan rac nebadarTu lia, lamis wesad aRiqmeba. ar vici, ra mizani aqvs amas _ SeiZleba 18 wlis asakSi isev mos wavled yo fnis Tavidan aci lebis su rvi li, biWebis SemTxvevaSi jaris faqtori, zustad mo tivaciis dasaxeleba rTu lia. mSoblebs yovelTvis 9 NAEC.GE vekiTxebi, Tu ratom SehyavT 5 wlis bavSvi skolaSi, yvelaze xSiri pasuxia, rom es Tavad bavSvs unda. dameTanxmebiT, Zalian saintereso pasuxia. araerTxel miTqvams, rom skolisaTvis mzaoba mxolod inteleqtualur mzaobas ar niSnavs. SeiZleba bavSvi Zalian kargad iyos ganviTarebuli, werdes da kiTxulobdes 5 wlis asakSi, romelime ucxo enac icodes, sabavSvo baRSi siarulic TiTqos ukve mosawyeni iyos misTvis, magram skolisaTvis mzaobis cneba gulisxmobs ara mxolod inteleqtualur, aramed, pirvel rigSi, emociur da Semdeg nebelobiT mzaobas. yvelam viciT, rom bavSvisaTvis wamyvani aqtivoba aris TamaSi. TamaSiT swavlobs yvelafers uneblie doneze. nebeloba yalibdeba metyvelebis CamoyalibebasTan erTad da daaxloebiT 6 wlis asakisaTvis bavSvs ukve SeuZlia diferencireba, ra unda da ra aris saWiro. „minda“sa da „unda“-s Soris gansxvavebas manamde ver xedavs da rodesac veubnebiT, rom raRac unda gaakeTos sa kuTari nebis sawinaaRmdegod, rTuli amocanis wi naSe dgas. 6 wlamde asakis bavSvis Seyvana SeiZleba im tipis skolaSi, rogoric, magaliTad, aris holandi aSi _ iq 4 wlidan SehyavT skolaSi, magram es ar gaxlavT tipuri skola Cveneuli gagebiT. iq bavSvis unarebze morgebuli garemoa, ar dgas merxi, aravin aZalebs bavSvs raRacis keTebas. arc 5 wlisa da arc 6 wlis asakSi bavSvs davalebas ar aZleven, aswavlian TamaSiT. _ anu Tqven 5 wlis asakSi tradiciul skolaSi miyvanis winaaRmdegi xarT, magram am asakSi TamaSiT swavlebis meTods emxrobiT? _ aseTi saxiT swavleba adekvaturi da bunebri via am asakis bavSvisaTvis. Cveni Tavi rom gavixse noT _ is maswavlebeli migvaCnda ufro kargad, romelic gvaTamaSebda da ise gvaswavlida. diax, kategoriulad winaaRmdegi ar var bavSvis 6 wlmde skolaSi miyvanisa, mimaCnia, rom im tipis skolaSi ar SeiZleba 4 an 5 wlis bavSvis miyvana, romelic dRes gvaqvs. dawesebulebaSi, romelsac skola hqvia da yvelaferi, razec visaubreT gaTvaliswinebulia, cxadia, bavSvis miyvana ar qmnis aranair problemas. dRes sabavSvo baRebis programac 5 wlamdea gaTval iswinebuli, 5 wlis asakis bavSvi emociurad ar hgavs 6 wlis asakis bavSvs. is advilad Riziandeba, ver axerxebs nebiT daZlios uSualo impulsebi. uWirs yuradRebis koncentracia, am problemebis gamo aR moCndeba xolme, rom 5 wlis asakSi skolaSi miyvanil bavSvs, miuxedavad SemecnebiTi ganviTarebisa, aqvs seriozuli problema da pirveli aris ara swavlis, aramed swavlisadmi damokidebulebis problema. Cndeba negatiuri damokidebuleba swavlis mimarT. bavSvs uxaria skolaSi wasvla, daaxloebiT 6 TveSi ki veRar itans skolas, ver itans swavlas, mecadineobis process. misi unarebi negatiuri damokidebulebis gamo ver ganviTardeba, Sesabamisad, is am unarebs verc gamoiyenebs, ar unda, rom gamoiyenos, garemoc da qmedebac misTvis Zalian usiamovno xdeba. _ ramdenad xSiria aseTi SemTxvevebi, TqvenTan xSirad modian mSoblebi, bavSvebi msgavsi proble mebiT? 10 _ bevri msgavsi magaliTis moyvana SemiZlia. gan sakuTrebiT bolo periodSi xSirad mohyavT msgavsi problemebis mqone bavSvebi. warmoidgineT bavSvi, romelic 5 wlisa Seiyvanes skolaSi, meore klasSia da, amavdroulad, misi arc erTi unari ar aris 7 wlis Sesabamisi. aqvs 6 wlis Sesabamisi unarebi da aris meore klasSi, Tqveni azriT, rogor iswavlis es bavSvi? rogor moqmedebs es viTareba bavSvis TviTSefasebaze? rodesac is ver mihyveba saswav lo process, ver aswrebs, ver asrulebs davale bebs da xedavs Tanatolebs (Tumca isini realurad misi Tanatolebi ar arian), romlebic am yvelafers Tavs arTmeven? sul cota is mainc unda gagvekeTe bina, rom 5 wlis bavSvebi calke klasSi yofili yvnen da ara 6 wlis bavSvebTan erTad. pedagogeb mac da fsiqologebmac kargad ician, rom am asakSi erTwliani gansxvaveba ufrosebSi aTwlian sxvaobas udris. bavSvi xSirad ver poulobs saerTos Tanak laselebTan, martoa, aqvs TviTSefasebis probleba da es sxva, gacilebiT seriozul problemebs qmnis. es problemebi ki rCeba mTeli saswavlo procesis ganmavlobaSi, bavSvs negatiuri ganwyoba uyalibdeba swavlisadmi. marTalia, bavSvi Sesabamisi resursis arsebobis pirobebSi axerxebs da umklavdeba am sir Tuleebs, Tumca es viTareba mainc axdens gavlenas pirovnebis Camoyalibebaze. _ konkretulad ra saxis problemebis winaSe SeiZleba aRmoCndes 5 wlis asakSi skolaSi miyvanili bavSvi? _ emociur inteleqts Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs, Cemi azriT, SemecnebiT ganviTarebaze meti, radgan bavSvma, romelsac unarebis mxriv garkveuli problemebi aqvs, SeiZleba kargi resursis pirobeb Si kompensireba SeZlos da es SeumCneveli darCes imdenad, rom verc veravin SeamCnevs SemecnebiTi ganviTarebis problemas. magram Tu emociurad cu dadaa, es TviTSefasebaze, Tavmoyvareobaze Zalian cudad moqmedebs. fsiqologebma kargad ician _ Tu bavSvs an zrdasruls dabali TviTSefaseba aqvs, rac SeuZlia, rac icis da risi unaric aqvs, imasac ar akeTebs, radgan dabali TviTSefasebis gamo hgonia, rom ver SeZlebs. aseTi bavSvebi xSirad warumate belni arian xolme an mSoblebis gavleniT perfeq cionistebi _ bavSvebi, romlebsac unaklod undaT yvelafris gakeTeba. es bavSvebi erTmaneTs hgvanan. maT urCevniaT saerTod ar gaakeTon, vidre dabali Sefaseba miiRon an raime arasworad gaakeTon. ver itanen, Tu raRac SeeSalaT... aseTi bavSvebi dRes sakmaod bevrni arian. skolaSi Segvyavs 5 wlis bavS vi, romelic emociurad ar aris mzad skolisaTvis, garkveulwilad ganwirulia warumateblobisaT vis da, rac unda niWieri iyos, mudmivad brZola uwevs, radgan dRevandeli sistema ar aris 5 wlis bavSvze morgebuli (wamyvani, rogorc vTqviT, Tama Si unda iyos da ase SeiZleba yvelaferi aswavlo). mniSvnelovani faqtoria Cveni sazogadoebis cno biereba. Cven, sazogadoeba, mSoblebi Cveni drois produqtebi varT. wina da SedarebiT axalgazrda Taobamac Zalian seriozuli problemebi gadavita neT. iseT garemoSi mogvixda cxovreba, rom gamovi taneT daskvna _ mTavaria, iyo konkurentunariani, NAEC.GE rom gadarCe, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ver gadarCebi. aravin ar unda dagCagros, Sen unda iyo pirveli, yvela Seni konkurentia da piriqiT, sjobs Sen daCa gro. Sesabamisad, am principiT gazrdilma bavSvebma ar ician TanamSromloba, empaTia, xolo vinc icis, is iTvleba „TeTr yvavad“ da xSirad mSobeli imaze wuxs, ratom aris misi Svili gansxvavebuli, ratom zrunavs sxvaze da a. S. axla warmoidgineT 5 wlis bavSvi, romelic xvdeba iseT garemoSi, sadac norma iqca paTologiad _ is aucileblad perfeqcioni stad yalibdeba, am sazogadoebaSi Secdomis daS veba legitimuri ar aris, amaze Cveni politikuri cxovrebac metyvelebs _ ver vbedavT imis aRiare bas, rom raime SegveSala. me mxolod erTi adami ani vici, romelic amas axerxebs. martivad ambobs, rom raRac SeeSala. es normaluria, adamianma unda misces Tavs amis Tqmis ufleba. rogorc amboben, mx olod RmerTs ar eSleba, SeuZlebelia Secdoma ar mogivides, Secdomis gamosworeba ki SesaZlebelia. _ anu dRevandeli bavSvebic politikosebis msgav sad Tvlian, rom araferi eSlebaT, ufro sworad, ar unda SeeSaloT? _ CvenTan konsultaciaze mosuli bavSvebis 99% ver uSvebs azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom SeiZleba rame SeeSalos, Tu SeeSala, ese igi cudi biWi an gogoa. mSoblebis sayuradRebod kidev erTxel minda gan vmarto ratom aris perfeqcionizmi bavSvisaTvis saziano _ ras niSnavs perfeqcionizmi? adamiani, bavSvi, iswrafvis unaklo da idealuri Sedegisaken, is miiCnevs, rom unda iyos ideluri xatis analogi da yvelaferi unaklod unda gaakeTos. samwuxarod, es mSoblebis dakveTaa! isini swo red ase zrdian bavSvebs. magaliTad, miuxedavad imisa, rom xSirad 11 NAEC.GE mSobeli ambobs, TiTqos ar sTxovs bavSvs maRali niSnis, aTianis miRebas (zogierTi amas pirdapir iTxovs, eCxubeba Svils niSnis gamo) bavSvisaTvis mSoblis emociuri damokidebulebaa gadamwyveti da mniSvnelovani _ SvilebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT gar damaval asakamde, mSobeli avtoritetia. sityvebi arc aris saWiro, mSoblis nebismieri moZraoba da nebismeiri Jesti Sefasebaa. bavSvma icis dedamiss ra siamovnebs, ra uxaria, Sesabamisad, masac is uxaria, rac mSobels. mSobels ki unda da uxaria, rom mis ma Svilma maRali niSnebi miiRos, rom mas araferi SeeSalos, bavSvi xedavs, rom deda yvelaze gaxare buli maSinaa, rodesac saxlSi aTianebi miaqvs, roca yvelafers kargad pasuxobs da yvelaze kargi mo swavlea... da Tu imeds ucruebs dedas, masze ube duri adamiani ar aris. ras viRebT Sedegad? bevr problemas. mSobels mihyavs fsiqologTan bavSvi sul sxva mizeziT _ arc erTi mSobeli ar ityvis, rom perfeqcionizmis an swavlis problemiT moi yvana Svili. mohyavT qcevis an emociuri probleme biT _ es aris tiki, es aris Ramis enurezi, es aris enaborZiki, SiSebi, akviatebis mdgomareoba, rac umZimesia. es yvelaferi fsiqikuri janmrTelobaa. modiT davsvaT es kiTxva _ ra gvinda, gvyavdes _ fsiqikurad janmrTeli Taoba, Tu Taoba, romelmac yvelaferi icis, magram ubeduria? saWiroa oqros Sualedis povna: Sedegze orientirebuli ki ara, procesze orientirebuli swavleba _ bavSvma swav lisgan, Semecnebisgan siamovneba unda miiRos da ase swavlis Sedegic saukeTeso iqneba. _ am kiTxvis dasma visi movaleoba da preroga tivaa? _ es kiTxva ganaTlebis sitemam, mSobelma unda dasvas. fsiqikurad janmrTeli Taobis aRzrda ga naTlebis sitemisa da ojaxis erT-erTi umTavresi mizania. amaSi Sedis inteleqtualuri sijanmrTelec, magram Cven socialuri arsebebi varT da emociur inteleqts dRes yvelgan, yvela qveyanaSi Zalian did yuradRebas aqceven. ratom moimata pervaziulma aSlilobam anu autizmma? Cveni sazogadoeba iqca autistad, Cven varT adamianebi, romlebsac erT maneTTan urTierToba gvaqvs mxolod saWiroebis gamo. swored es aris autizmi _ autist adamians sxva adamianebTan urTierToba, gaziareba, siamovnebas ar aniWebs! roca raime sWirdeba, maSin dagelaparakeba da maSin Semova kontaqtSi. yvelaze rTuli bavSvic ki autizmis diagnoziT, rodesac raime survilis dakmayofileba unda, mSvenivrad axerxebs komunika cias im adamianTan, visganac raRac sWirdeba. Cven rogor viqceviT? Cveni sazogadoeba am gagebiT per vaziuli sazogadoebaa, romelic mxolod merkanti luri interesebidan gamomdinare amyarebs komunika cias erTmaneTTan (cxadia, mxolod saqarTvelos ar vgulisxmob), mxolod egocentruli xedva gagvaCnia, sxvisi poziciis danaxva ar SegviZlia. es aris au tizmic. rodesac adamians ar SeuZlia sxvisi pozi ciidan, sxvisi gancdidan dainaxos realoba, mxolod sakuTari gancdidan, sakuTari tragediidan uyurebs yvelafers _ ai, es aris pervaziuli aSlilobis ms gavsi mdgomareoba. 12 _ da es yvelaferi ufro amZimebs skolaSi adre Seyvanili bavSvis problemebs? _ es yovelive urTierTkavSirSia, 5 wlis bavSvis skolaSi Seyvana egocenrtizmis gamovlinebaa mSob lis mxridan! mSobels unda ase, ase xedavs, warmod genili aqvs sakuTari Svilis momavali, yvelaferi dagegmili aqvs. es aris mSoblis erTgvari „pervazi uloba“. naklebad ainteresebs bavSvi ras fiqrobs da ras ganicdis. kidev erT sakiTxs minda Sevexo _ zogadad yvela mSobeli, magram gansakuTrebiT qa rTvelebi vcodavT am mimarTulebiT _ yvelas aqvs raRac ararealizebuli, gindoda da ver SeZeli, ver gaakeTe, gsurs, rom Svilma Segisrulos Seni ara realizebuli ocnebebi. gindoda topmodeloba? bavSvs atareb silamazis konkursebze pataraobidan, gindoda profesoroba? Sesabamisad, minimum 3 enaze da yvela sagnis maswavlebelTan dagyavs Svili da ase Semdeg. cxadia, amas mSobeli ver acnobierebs da aseTi Sefaseba Zalian ewyineba, magram aracnobi erad vcdilobT ararealizebuli ganwyobebis re alizacia Svilis cxovrebis dagegmviT movaxdinoT. samwuxarod, aravin ekiTxeba bavSvs moswons Tu ara es, unda Tu ara da misaRebia Tu ara misTvis mSoblis gadawyvetilebebi. _ rogor unda moiqces mSobeli, rom msgavsi viTareba Tavidan aicilos? _ Cven bavSvs arCevanis uflebas ar vutovebT. gvaqvs ori polaroba: aRzrdis stili gvaqvs „permis iuli“ anu yvelafris uflebas vaZlevT, yvelafers vusrulebT Svilebs, qcevis TvalsazrisiT bavS vs CarCo ar aqvs da amvadroulad Cven vugegmavT cxovrebas. mSobeli ambobs, rom unda misi Svili iyos Tavisufali. Tavisufleba mSobels esmis, rogorc arCevanis ararseboba da, amavdroulad, bavSvisaT vis yvelanairi survilis dakmayofileba. Sedegad ki izrdeba adamiani fsiqikuri problemebiT. aseT adamians ar ainteresebs sxva adamiani, is saukeTeso masalaa konkurentunariani garemosaTvis. impul sis, moTxovnilebis Sekaveba sxvis sakeTildReod, raRacis gazireba, gayofa, sxvisi moTxovnilebis gaTvaliswineba aRzrdis produqtia da TavisiT ar yalibdeba. TanamSromlobas, kooperacias SeniT ver iswavli amis nimuSi Tu ar gaqvs sazogadoebaSi. Cvens sazogadoebas ki swored TanamSromlobis unari ak lia da es yvelaferSi Cans. samwuxarod, aravis axsovs, rom bavSvi yvelaze patara asakSic, erTi wlisac ki _ adamiania! adami ani ki imiT gansxvavdeba cxovelisagan, rom arCev anis unari aqvs. swored es aris Tavisufleba, roca ramdenime variantidan erTis arCeva SeuZlia. me, rogorc ufrosi, valdebuli var, rom Sen, Svils arCevani (cxadia, SezRuduli) mogce. magaliTad, gkiTxo _ fafas SeWam Tu kvercxs? gkiTxo _ mwvane kabas Caicvam Tu lurjs? anu SezRudul arCev ans gTavazob. aseT dros, rogorc wesi, bavSvi is terikas ar awyobs. Cven ra gvaqvs saxeze? mSobeli ar Tvlis saWirod, rom bavSvs raime SesTavazos, pirdapir aZalebs, magaliTad, wiTeli kabis Cacmas, bavSvi awyobs isterikas da icvams imas, rac unda. NAEC.GE aseTi precendentis Semdeg bavSvi eCveva, rom isterikiT iRebs yvelafers, rac unda. ase iqmneba Caketili, mankieri wre. 5 wlis asakSi Svilis skolaSi Seyvana aris erT-erTi komponenti am mainkieri wrisa. ratomRac migvaCnia, rom mTavaria bavSvi materialurad uzrunvelyo (Caacva, misce sakvebi, ataro mas wavleblebTan) da TavisTavad Camoyalibdeba srulfasovan pirovnebad. warmoidgineT viTareba, rodesac mcirewlovani bavSvis mSobels vekiTxebi, rogor eTmaSeba Svils da is gak virvebulia, arc icis, rom unda eTamaSos, gpasuxobs, rom misTvis es aravis uTqvams. ukvirs, rom 2 wlis bavSvs wigni unda waukiTxos da es Zalian xSirad xdeba. samwuxarod, mSo belma marTla ar icis xolme, rogor unda aRzardos Svili, mas aravin arafers eubneba da aswavlis. es mTlianad sazoga doebis satkivari da problemaa, bavSvi ki _ am sazogadoebis produqti. _ kidev erTi mtkivneuli Tema, romelsac gakvriT ukve SevexeT _ niSnebi da mSoblebis damokidebuleba Svilis Sefasebebis mimarT. amaze ras gvetyviT? _ arsebobs ori yvelaze gavrcelebuli mosazreba: aris ganaTlebis specialistebis, pedagogebis kategoria (CvenTanac da ucxoeTSic), romlebic Tvlian, rom bavSvi saerTod ar unda Seafaso, radgan es mis TviTSefasebaze cudad moqmedebs, amuxruWebs da a. S. aris meore mimarTuleba, romlis midevre bic miiCneven, rom piriqiT, sistematurad unda SevafasoT bavSvi, konkurentunariani garemo unda SevqnaT da niSnebis mixedviT movaxdinoT diferencireba. vfiqrob, rom arc erTi ukiduresoba ar aris efeqturi. ratom aris cudi, rodesac bavSvs ar afaseb? rogor fiqrobT, rogor unda mixvdes pa tara kargad akeTebs rames Tu cudad? me, bavSvma, rogor unda Sevafaso Cemi Tavi? garemosgan ukukavSiriT yalibdeba TviT Sefaseba. ase rom, Sefaseba aucilebelia, magram ismis kiTxva _ rogori? es instrumentia, saSualebaa, romelic Cvens qveya naSi TviTmiznad da manipulirebis saSualebad iqca. ase iyene ben Sefasebis sistemas skolaSi, mSoblisaTvis niSani miRwevis mTavari maCvenebelia. niSnis ukan ki Sinaarsi aRar gvaintere sebs. ase rom, gvaqvs mxolod miRwevaze orientirebuli siste ma da ara mxolod axla, aramed karga xania _ ase iyo wlebis winac skolaSi, umaRles saswavlebelSi. rodesc sazRvarga reTis umaRles saswavleblebSi momiwia yofna (sadac sakmaod konkurentunariani garemoa), aRmovaCine, rom niSani maTTvis umniSvnelo namdvilad ar aris, magram TviTmizans ar warmoad gens. CvenTan ki es problema aSkarad dgas da damokidebule ba Sefasebis mimarT, am mxriv, udavod Sesacvlelia. xSirad damokidebulebis Sesacvlelad mSobelTan ufro meti muSaoba gvWirdeba. uamravi Zalisxmeva gvWirdeba, rom mSobelma gaigos es yovelive da sworad dainaxos realoba. ganwyobis Secvla sakmaod rTulia da es procesic, Sesabamisad, martivi ar gax lavT. warmoidgineT, rodesac kargad ganviTarebuli bavSvis SemTxvevaSi iqmneba problemebi, romlebzec visaubreT, ra suraTi gvaqvs ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvebSi. re aloba, romelSic aseTi bavSvi SeiZleba aRmoCndes, misTvis tragediaa. mSobeli ki amas ver iRebs, ar surs miiRos. xSirad mSobels am realobis aRiareba ar unda, bavSvi rTul viTa rebaSia, mSobelic sakmaod ganerviulebuli. aseT dros, faq tobrivad, mSoblebisaTvis gviwevs fsiqologiuri daxmarebis gaweva, rom SeZlon da miiRon Svili imgvari, rogoric aris. es Zalian rTulad gadasalaxavi problemaa mSoblisaTvis, radgan mas konkretuli warmodgena aqvs Svilze, surs, rom swored misi warmodgenebis Sesabamisi iyos da sxvanairi ar surs, rom miiRos. 13 NAEC.GE eSleba, an cdilobs Tavi aaridos davalebis Ses rulebas _ verc erT da verc meore SemTxvevaSi sasurvel Sedegs ver viRebT anu Sedegs, romlisak enac mSobeli unda iswrafvodes. Semdeg ki mSoblebs Tavad ukvirT, Tu ratom iReben aseT Sedegs. _ anu, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, mTavari mSobelsa da bavSvs Soris swori komunikaciaa? _ da sad aris gamosavali? _ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cven Secvlili gvaqvs yvelaferi qcevis TvalsazrisiT _ sadac simkacre unda gamoviCinoT da CarCo ganvusazRvroT bavSvs, CarCo ar gvaqvs da simkacres ar viCenT, ar vuxsniT mas ra SeiZleba da ra ara, rodesac unda wavaxal isoT an davsajoT, ar vakeTebT amas (xSirad meub nebian, bavSvs ar vsjiTo, Tumca mere gamotydebian xomle, rom nervebmoSlilebi xSirad wamoartyamen xolme, es skolebSic xdeba, rac marTlac sruli ad miuRebeli da dauSvebelia). waxaliseba da das jac Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi da adekvaturi formiT aucilebelia (cxadia, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda davuSvaT fizikuri Sexeba, arc yvirils da Cxubs moaqvs Sedegi). arsebobs qcevis marTvis meTodebi, romlebic unda gamoiyenos mSobelma. SeiZleba vi povoT Sualedi, romelic Sedegs mogvcems. war moidgineT viTareba, rodesac bavSvi asrulebs davalebas, romelic misces skolaSi, mas ki aravin umowmebs. erTxel, orjer, xuTjer... mere bavSvi fiqrobs, rom davalebis Sesrulebas, romelsac ara vin amowmebs, azri ara aqvs. maswavlebels argumen tad is mohyavs, rom klasSi 35 bavSvia da yoveldRe yvelas davalebis Semowmeba SeuZlebelia, mSobels Tavisi mizezebi aqvs, bavSvs ki amasobaSi motivacia uqreba. sxva SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs viTareba, rode sac mSobels arasodes gamorCeba, Tu bavSvs raime SeeSala, arasworad gaakeTa, magram ver amCnevs an ar aRniSnavs, rodesac bavSvi sworad asrulebs davalebas. mudmivad aZlevs bavSvs SeniSvnas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra SeeSala. swored aqedan yalibdeba perfeqcionistuli ganwyoba. Sedegad ki bavSvi an cdilobs yvelaferi Secdomis gareSe gaakeTos da saSinlad Riziandeba, gamodis mwyobridan Tu raime 14 _ erTxel 11 wlis biWma, romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar mogwons mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo? mipasuxa, me pativs ar mcemeno... vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom mSoblebs ar uyvarxar-Tqo? rogor arao, mipasuxa, magram siyvaruli da pativiscema sxvadasxva rameao. mere ganazogada da Tqva, am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs pativs ar scemeno... es miTxra bavSvma, romelsac yvela survils usruleben! rodesac CaveZie, ra tom fiqroda ase miuxedavad imisa, rom mSoblebi misi yvela survilis Sesrulebas savaldebulod miiCnevdnen, mipasuxa, ggoniaT eg pativiscemaao? es Cemi Tavidan moSorebis gzaa, ggoniaT ver vxvdebio? amas CemTvis ki ara, TavianTi TavisaTvis akeTebeno. vkiTxe, ar fiqrob, rom umaduri xar, araferi ar mogwons-Tqo, yvelafriT ukmayofilo xar-Tqo?.. miTxra, momwons, rogor ara, aq rogorc melapara kebian, momwonso, miuxedavad imisa, rom TiTqos pirdapiri, gulaxdili saubari gvqonda da bevri ram arc Tu sasiamovni moismina. mipasuxa, rom mas aq pativs scemdnen. ase CaTvala, radgan usmendnen da esaubrebodnen. pativiscema ki bavSvisaTvis is aris, rodesac pirdapir esaubrebian, uxsnian, angariSs uw even. midgoma, TiTqos bavSvi ar unda ganerviuldes da amitom yvelaferi unda Seusrulo, miuRebelia. swored aseT SemTxvevaSi xdebian bavSvebi usazRvro monopolistebi, ris Semdegac mSobels Tavisi prin cipi aviwydeba da es yvelaferi xelCarTul omSi gadadis. amitom vcdilobT mSoblebs avuxsnaT, rom miznis misaRwevad bavSvis tirilSi araferia tragi kuli. bavSvi tiris, rodesac raRac unda da icis, rom amiT Sedegs miaRwevs. yvelafris Sesruleba imis gamo, rom bavSvma ar itiros, ukuSedegamde migvi yvans. rodesac bavSvs aRar aqvs aranairi CarCo, es, rogorc giTxariT, mSobelsa da Svils Soris lamis brZoliT grZeldeba, gardamaval asakamde mSobeli jobnis, Semdeg ki ukve Svili. intervius meore nawili, romelic gardatexis asakis problemebsa da mTavar gamowvevebs eTmoba, momdevno nomerSi gamoqveyndeba. esaubra maia gabunia giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi NAEC.GE „iq, sadRac, xelis gawvdenaze“ „nebismeiri aqcia Cvensken momarTuli, aq, oku pirebul teritoriaze aRiqmeba, rogorc didi bedniereba da sixaruli, romelsac SeuZlia odnav mainc Seanelos samSoblosgan mowyvetiT miRebuli tkivili. ZirZvel samurzayanoSi didi rwmenaa qveynis gamTlianebisa. oRond zurgi gagvimagreT da Cven uiaraRo jariskacebi, sicocxlis bolomde vibrZolebT mSobliur afxazeTSi qarTuli sulis kveTebis SenarCunebisTvis.“ galis raionis maswavlebelebi da moswavleebi zedmetad emociurad da didi paTosiT naTqvami sityvebi xandaxan uxerxul gancdas aCens. gvjera da Tan arc gvjera, TiTqos sityva verasodes gamoxatavs zust grZnobas, magram es is SemTxveva ar aris. am mokle gancxadebaSi yvelaferi martivi da Tanac amave dros „genialuria“ _ isini sakuTar miwas, Cven ki Cveni qveynis nawils gvinarCuneben. yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi amis gakeTeba rTulia. yvelaze rTuli ki mainc momavali TaobisaTavis igive gancdis gadmocemaa, „iq, sadRac, xelis gawvdenaze“ Cveni drois usaxelo gmirebi cxovroben. usaxeloa Cveni respodentic. namdvili gvarisa da saxelis dasaxelebis eSinia. eSinia „Sin“ mimaval gzaze problemebi ar Seeqmnas. _ rogor mogmarToT? _ kiTxvaze uceb dafiqr da, Tvalebi gaunaTda da moridebiT amomxeda. _ monikaTi! monika... qarTul enasa da literaturas aswavlis da galis raionis erT-erTi skolis uxucesi maswav lebelia. skolaSi 1965 wlidan muSaobs. ambobs, rom mSobliuri enis swavleba sul ufro rTul viTare baSi uwevs. separatistuli mTavrobis warmomadgen lebi qarTulad saubars, qarTulis swavlasa da, mi Tumetes, qarTuli enis swavlebas devnian. _ yvelanairad xels gviSlian „ganTlebis mi Rebis uflebiT visargebloT“. galis raionis yvela skolaSi erTi da igive viTarebaa. qarTu lis gakveTilebis Catareba sastikad gvekrZaleba. CvenTvis gamoyofili saaTebi ki yovelwliurad mc irdeba. Tu gaumarTla, bavSvebs gakveTilebis dam Tavrebis Semdeg tovebs. qarTul enas galSi sa Tadarigo gakveTilis statusi aqvs da mxolod im SemTxvevSi tardeba, rodesac sxva sagani cdeba. mon ika ambobs, rom galSi gatarebuli yoveli dRe ar sebobisaTvis brZolaa, brZola sakuTari identobis SesanarCuneblad. afxazeTis omis Semdeg galis raionSi, istoriuli samurzayanos teritoriaze 58 zogadsaganmana- 15 NAEC.GE Tleblo skolidan funqcionireba mxolod 31-ma gaagrZela. aRdgenili 31 skolidan 20 rusulenovan swavlebazea gadayvanili. qarTulenovani swavleba SenarCunebulia mxolod galis egreT wodebul „qveda zonis“ 11 skolaSi. aRdgenil skolebSi moqmedebs gansxvavebuli, afxazuri saswavlo gegmebi. gegmis mixedviT swavleba rusul enaze, moZvelebuli meTodikiT mimdinareobs. pirvelklaselebi deda enas egreT wodebuli „azbukiT“ iwyeben, kursdamTvrebulebs ki afxazur atestatSi mSobliur enad rusuli ewerebaT. skolebSi Semcirebulia ara marto qarTuli enisa da literaturis saaTebi, aramed SemcirebaSi afxazuri enis gakveTilebic mohyva. rogorc qalbatoni monika yveba, sazRvars miRma darCenili soflebisaTvis didi stumulia erTian erovnul gamocdebSi monawileoba. _ wlebis win veravin warmoidgenda, rom prestiJul umaRles saswavleblebSi swavlis gagrZeleba mxolod codnis xarjze SeiZleboda. axla yvela xvdeba, rom codna da Sroma ar ekargeba _ aseTi gamocda stimuli ara mxolod abiturientisTvis, aramed maswavleblisTvisacaa. es aris realuri saSualeba imisa, rom sakuTari SesaZlebloba maqsimalurad gamoavlino. garda amisa, erTaini erovnuli gamocdebi mudmivi kavSiris saSualebaa im samyarosTan, romelic CvenTvis yvelaze Zvirfasia, _ ambobs monika da Tan zRvis feri Tvalebi cremlebiT evseba. 16 _ xSirad yofila, rodesac gamocdaze wamo sulebi sazRvarze ar gamouSviaT, specialurad daugvianebiaT. separatistuli mTavroba yvelanai rad xels gviSlis. sul cota xnis win Cvens skola Si specialuri komisia gamoagzavnes. Semowmebis Semdeg saaqto darbazSi Segvkribes da meTormete klaselebs mosTxoves Temebi daeweraT: „kanonsa da samarTalze“ da „sikeTesa da borotebaze“. Temebis wakiTxvis Semdeg erT-erTi maRalCinosani adga da Tqva: _ Tqven axla sikeTesa da borotebaze saubrobT, rogor fiqrobT, es ar iqneba boroteba, Tu aqedan waxvalT da erTian erovnul gamocdebs CaabrebT? icodeT, veRarc mSobliur saxlebSi dabrundebiT da veRarc mSoblebs naxavT... aba, amaze didi boroteba ra unda iyos? _ am ganwyobis miuxedvad gamocdebSi monawileobis survili didia, magram alabaT es ar aris mTavri. mTavri imedia, imedi, rom adamians sa kuTari adgilis povna da sazogadoebis srulfaso van wevrad gaxdoma SeuZlia. monika TbilisSi ori dRiT Camovida. xval, mzis amosvlasTn erTad gzas unda gaudges, wavides „iq, sadRac, xelis gawvdenaze“, sadac mis dabrunebas elodebian. esaubra Teiko anjafariZe giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi NAEC.GE erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani mxare erTiani erovnuli, pedagogTa sasertifikacio, saerTo samagistro da studentTa sagranto ga mocdebi dasrulda. Caiara, rogorc yovelTvis, warmatebiT da patar-patara incidentebiT, iq viRacam sagamocdo seqtorSi ricxvi 666 amoikiTxa da „mxecis niSnis“ SiSiT gamocdebs gamoeTiSa, ramdenime abiturientma qalebis nacvlad teqstSi qalaqebi waikiTxa da amaze aago msjeloba, abiturintTa raRaca nawilma komunist da sakuTa ri Svilis gamyidvel babuas „patrioti“ uwoda da a. S. magram sabolood kvlevebis monacemebma aCvena, rom aplikantTa umravlesobam warmatebiT daZ lia davalebebi, xolo gamocdebi standartulad sa Sualo sirTulisa iyo, Tu ar CavTvliT pedagogTa Sedegebs, romlebic yovelwliurad uaresdeba. wels am ambavs mohyva yvelaze didi aJiotaJi. saerTod gamocdebs yovel wels axlavs amgavri aJiotaJi. miTumetes, rom qarTuli media wlebis ganmavlobaSi mas qveyanaSi mimdinare yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenad Tvlis xolme da rogorc wesi, yvela da yvelanairi mauwyebloba testebis Camotanidan Caricxvebis dasrulebamde dReSi ramdenjerme aSuqebs mis mimdinareobas. amgvari „gaSuqebebis“ dros gamotovebulia an arasdros aris aqcentirebuli erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba, romelic sxva RirsebebTan erTad 2009 wels „miemata“ gamocdebis erovnul centrs. erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi qveynis erT-erT mniSvnelovan reformad mxolod imitom ki ar iTvleba, rom igi Sefasebis samarTlian, gamWvirvale, unificire bul principebze damyarebuli sistemaa, romelic umaR lesi saswav leblebisaTvis saukeTeso abitu rientebis SerCevas uzrunvelyofs _ erTianma erovnulma gamocdebma saSualeba misca swavla gaegrZelebinaT iseT pirebs, romlbsac manamde amis aranairi Sansi ar hqondaT. yovel wels gamocdas abarebs asobiT specialuri saWiroebis mqone aplikanti, maT Soris cerebraluri dam bliT daavadebuli da SezRuduli motoruli funqciebis mqone adamianebi. maTTvis sagamocdo centebSi sxvadasxva specialuri pirobebi iq mneba. gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis dros ki abi turientebs SeuZliaT meTvalyureebs ukarnaxon teqsti da am formiT Caabaron gamocda. wels me vnaxe ramdenime abiturienti, romlebsac avariisa Tu sxva SemTxvevebis gamo absoluturad ufunqcio hqondaT marjvena xeli da uzomod gaxarebulebi iyvnen imis gamo, rom miuxedavad aseTi problemisa SeZles gamocdebi CaebarebinaT da studentebi gamxdariyvnen. ilia WanuyvaZem avtoavariaSi mZimed daiziana kidurebi da Tvali: rom miuxedavad avtoavariis Sedegad miyenebuli tra mvebisa, mainc SeZlebdiT gamocdebze gasvlas? _ pirvel rigSi minda didi madloba gadagixadoT im araCveulebrivi pirobebisaTvis, romlebic Semiq meniT. simarTle giTxraT, gamocdebze xeli mqonda aRebuli da momaval wels vfiqrobdi Cabarebas. rodesac gavige, rom gamocdebis erovnuli centri gansakuTrebul pirobebs Semiqmnida, Zalian game xarda, es absoluturad moulodnelic iyo, radgan aqamde aseTi ram arasodes da arsad gamigia. _ ra SeRavaTebi gqondaT da rogor Caiara gamoc debma? _ marjvena xelis motexilobis gamo wera ar SemeZlo, magram gamocdebi karnaxiT davwere. we raSi centris TanamSromlebi damexmarnen, rom le bic araCveulebrivi adamianebi aRmoCndnen da SesaniSnavi pirobebi Semiqmnes. garda amisa, me vgrZnobdi maT Tanadgomasa da zrunvas, rac CemTvis erTgvari motivaciac aRmoCnda da Zalian damexmara gamocdebis CabarebaSi. madloba yvelas. _ ilia, Tqven gamocdebis erovnul centrs gan cxadebiT momarTeT, rom gaeTvaliswinebinaT Tqveni problema, ramdenad moulodneli iyo, roca gaigeT, 17 NAEC.GE „gamocdebis erovnul centrSi“ 2006 wli dan specialurad brailis SriftiT iqmneba saga moc do testebi usinaTloebisaTvis, wels maT gaumjobesebuli sistemiT, bus specialuri prog ramiTac SesTavaza centrma gamocdebis Cabareba. centri sistematurad zrunavs specialuri saWi roebis mqone abiturientebisaTvis ukeTesi pirobebis Sesaqmnelad, mTavari ki is aris, rom gamocdebSi monawileobis ufleba msjavrdebul aplikantebsac aqvT. 2009 wels ministr nika gvaramias iniciativiTa da gadawyvetilebiT ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom pirvelad mimarTa sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis saministros gancxadebiT, rom gamocdebze registraciis gavli sa da gamocdebze gasvlis ufleba daerTo im abi turientebisaTvis, romlebsac umaRlesSi swavlis gagrZelebis survili hqondaT. SeTanxmeba Sedga. koka lebaniZe erT-erTi pirvelia, visac es reforma Seexo: _ koka, vin Segatyobina da ra reaqcia gqonda, roca gaige, rom amieridan msjavrdebul abiturientebsac hqondaT erTian erovnul gamocdebSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba? _ satelefono saubrisas gamagebines saxlidan, rom maZlevdnen gamocdaze gasvlis uflebas, rac, faqtobrivad, cixidan gamosvlas udrida CemTvis, ar megona srul dafinansebas Tu ver movipovebdi, ori qula damaklda mxolod. _ gamocdebis dawyebamde ramdeni xniT adre daga patimres da ra iyo amis mizezi? _ 17 marts damiWires, gamocdebi ivnisis bolos iwyeboda. detalebze ar msurs saubari, gamigebT albaT... didi droc gavida da arc vixseneb xolme im usiamovno ambavs, RmerTma gadamarCina da cocxali gadarCa dazaralebuli. _ gamocdaze sakmaod kargi Sedegi aCvene, Tu axer xebdi cixis pirobebSi mecadineobas? _ cixeSi, winaswari dakavebis izolatorSi mecadineoba cota mouxerxebelia, magram gamocdebis win garkveuli masalis gadaxedva movaswari, Tumca yvelaze mniSvnelovani 3 Tve gamicda. kokam 70%-iani dafinanseba moipova. gamocdebis warmatebiT daZlevis SemTxvevaSi Sewyalebis werili prezidents egzvneba. am Sewyalebis safuZvelze gaTavisuflda 30 agvistos. studenturi cxovreba moswons, momaval wels magistraturaSic apirebs Cabarebas. 2009 welsve dadga sakiTxi, Tu rogor SeiZleboda ukeTesad momzadebuliyvnen msjavrdebulebi erTi ani erovnuli gamocdebisaTvis. gadawyda, rom dapatimrebisTanave arasrulwlovani 123-e sajaro skolaSi Cairicxeboda, romlis pedagogebsac ufleba eqnebodaT yoveldRiurad, Cveulebriv saskolo reJimSi CaetarebinaT maTTvis gakveTilebi. 123-e sajaro skolis direqtori nino kvitaiSvili: _ 2009-2010 saswavlo wels sasjelaRsrulebisa da ganaTlebis saministroebis erToblivi iniciativiT Seiqmna proeqti „sasjelaRsrulebis 18 dawesebulebebSi zogadi ganaTlebis uzrunvelyo fa“, romlis farglebSic arasrulwlovani vaJebi da gogonebi miiRebdnen srul zogad ganaTlebas. ganaTlebis saministrom gamoacxada pedagogTa SesarCevi konkursi da daiqirava 22 pedagogi, maT Soris mec. pirvelive saswavlo wels dadga saWiroeba proeqti erT romelime skolas ganexorcielebina, radgan samarTlebrivad sxvagvarad ver moxdeboda atestatiT ganaTlebis dadastureba. me Tavad wamovayene iniciativa 123-e sajaro skolas etvirTa es saqme. mas Semdgom yvela arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli, romlebic swvalaze acxadeben Tanxmobas, iricxebian 123-e sajaro skolaSi da iReben erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamis ganaTlebas. pirvelive saswavlo wels 7-ma msjavrdebulma warmatebiT daZlia erovnuli gamocdebi. maTgan prezidentis mier Sewyalebul iqna sami. danarCeni 4-dan sami sxvadasxva dros gaTavisuflda da gaagrZela swavla. _ erTian erovnul gamocdebze daregistrirebuli yvela msjavrdebuli abiturienti axerxebs gamocdaze gasvlas, Tu gaaCnia danaSaulis simZimes? _ 2011 da 2012 wlebSi sxvadasxva mizezis gamo daregistrirebuli abiturientebidan erovnul gamocdebze mxolod 2-2 abiturientis gayvana moxer xda. gulwrfelad rom giTxraT, bavSvebi Cacmulebi elodnen badragebis TanxlebiT gamocdaze gas vlas, movida manqana da maTgan mxolod ori abi turienti waiyvana, umZimesi suraTi iyo, Zalian mZime fsiqologiuri stresi miadga bavSvebs da maT Semyures Cvenc... wels am mxriv problema ar yofila. yvelam SeZlo gamocdebis Cabareba. _ msjavrdebulebs Tu moswonT proeqti? zogjer sirTuleebs xom ar awydebiT maTi mxridan? _ sirTuleebi, ra Tqma unda, aris. am sir Tuleebis gadalaxvas sasjelaRsrulebis aras rulwlovanTa N11 specialuri dawesebulebis administraciasTan, fsiqologebTan, socialur samsaxurTan koordinirebuli muSaobiT vaxerxebT. pirveli amocana motivaciaa, survili imisa, rom msjavrdebuli CaerTos saswavlo procesSi. es sulac ar aris martivi. mozardebs, raRa Tqma unda, proeqti moswonT, es maTTvis aris garkveulwilad garesamyarosTan Sexebis erT-erTi saSualeba, Tavs grZnoben srulfasovan moswavleebad, bavSvebad. gansakuTrebiT ainteresebT is Temebi, romlebzec masalis vizualizaciis saSualeba gvaqvs pedago gebs. _ sajaro skolis Sesabamisad, maTac yovel dRe utardebaT gakveTilebi, Tu amisaTvis specialuri dReebia gamoyofili? _ swavla mimdinareobs Cveulebrivi sagakveTilo reJimiT, esg-s saaTobrivi badiT. erTaderTi gansxvavebaa _ diliT ar viwyebT 9 saaTze da didi Sesveneba ufro xangrZlivia, vidre sajaro skolaSi, dawesebulebis reJimsa da mozardTa kvebis dros viTvaliswinebT. NAEC.GE _ sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi saskolo garemos Sesaqmnelad Tu aris saxelmwifos mxridan Tanxebi gamoyofili da giwevT Tu ara damatebiT inventaris Setana? _ saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs yvela moswavles piradi saxelmZRvaneloebiT, yvela saswavlo re sursiTa da skolis inventariT. mimdinare wels aSenda calke Senoba skolisaTvis, romelSic axali saswavlo wlidan idealur saswavlo garemoSi gan vaaxlebT saswavlo process. dawesebulebis administraciam infrastruqturuli, Senobis aR Wur visa da sxva Temebi ar gadawyvita CvenTan konsultaciis gareSe da gaiTvaliswina yvela is niuansi, romlebic saswavlo procesisaTvis iyo mniSvnelovani. _ ramdenad gaamarTla poeqtma, 2009-2012 wlebSi ramdenma msjavrdebulma SeZlo umaRlesSi swavlis gagrZeleba? _ 10-ma pirdapir sasjelaRsrulebis sitemidan Caabara da gaagrZela swavla. magram amaze bevrad metia maTi raodenoba, vinc cixeSi aiRo atestati, gaTavisuflda da ise Caabara umaRles saswavlebelSi. magaliTad wels, skolaSi gamosaSveb gamocdebze 18 yofili msjavrdebuli gveswreboda, maTi umravlesoba abarebs erovnul gamocdebs da ramdenadac vici, warmatebulad. am Temaze Zalian bevri SeiZleba visaubro, gansakuTrebiT TviT moswavleebze, magram Cemze ukeT isini isaubreben proeqtis mniSvnelobis, misi aqtualobisa da maT cxovrebaSi Setanili wvlilis Sesaxeb. am proeqtma bevri maTganis cxovreba Secvala da gauxsna gza momavlisaken _ warmatebuli momavlisaken. es ar aris litoni sityvebi, gaesaubreT maT: gvanca yufaraZe, giorgi zerekiZe _ mxolod am ors davasaxeleb, radgan maT Sesaxeb cnobilia farTo sazogadoebisaTvis, sxvaTa Sesaxeb ki, rogorc yovelTvis, konfidencialobas ar davarRvev. gvanca yufaraZe axla Tavisufalia da sakmaod warmtebuli studenti gaxlavT: _ gvanca, Tqven 14 wlis iyaviT, roca sas jelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi moxvdiT, Se sa ba misad, amave asakidan iricxebodiT 123-e sko lis moswavled, rogor midioda cixeSi Tqveni saganmanaTleblo procesi? _ diax, 14 wlis gaxldiT, rodesac penitenciur sistemaSi movxvdi. im periodSi arasrulwlovan gogonaTa sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebis arar sebobasTan erTad, ar arsebobda aramcTu skola, aramed sabazo ganaTlebis miRebis elementaruli resursic ki ar moipoveboda. 2009 wels Cemi mSoblebis, iuristebis, uflebadamcvelebisa da saerTaSoriso donis Jurnalistebis mravalwliani brZolis Sedegad, ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZlebloba momeca. proeqti, romlis wyalobiTac swavla daviwyeT ganxorcielda gaeros bavSvTa fondis UNICEF-is xelSewyobiT, mxardaWeriTa da pirdapiri dafinansebiT. 2009 wels UNICEF-is iniciativa miiRo ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom da inicirebuli proeqtis xelmZRvanelad daniSna ganaTlebis saministroSi amave saxis saganmanaTleblo sakiTxebis kompetenciiT aRWurvili piri _ gvanca liparteliani. qalbatoni 19 NAEC.GE gvanca didi keTilSobilebiTa da profesionalizmiT ekideboda aRniSnul sakiTxs. sistemaSi ganTavsebul arasrulwlovnebs is araerTxel Segvxvda, ro gorc UNICEF-is warmomadgenlebis, asve piradi iniciativiT, misi wyalobiT is pedagogebi, romelTac Cvens ganaTlebaze unda ezrunaT, erovnul done ze, konkursis wesiT SeirCnen. SesaZlebloba, romelic qalbatonma gvancam aseTi pedagogebis sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi SemoyvaniT mog vca, CvenTvis iyo jansaRi cxovrebis gagrZelebis Sansi. _ yvela sagans swavlobdiT, ramdenad hgavs cixis skola Cveulebrivs? _ 2009 wlis oqtombridan Cven srulyofilad vswavlobdiT sabazo da saSualo ganTlebis Sesa xeb arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul yvela sagans. saswavlo procesi uwyvet reJimSi mimdonareobda, magram skolas ar hqonda ofici aluri statusi, Tumca istorikosis, 123-e sa jaro skolis direqtoris, qalbatoni nino kvi taiSvilis didi Zalisxmevis, Sromisa da piradi, „adamianuri motivaciis“ wyalobiT, piradad mi si Rvawlis Sedegad, Cvenma saganmanaTleblo dawe se bulebam da arasrulwlovan vaJTa skolam, romelic etapobrivad manamdec funqcionirebda, miiRo oficialuri statusi sabazo da saSualo ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, rac gamoixata penitenciur sistemaSi arsebuli skolebis 123-e sajaro skolis iuris diqciaSi SeyvaniT, am miRwevis Sedegad yoveli bavSvi, romelic gaivlida saswavlo programas da Caabarebda saskolo gamosaSveb gamocdebs, manamde arsebuli situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, maT Soris eqsternis wesiTac, miiRebda 123-e sajaro skolis Cveulebriv atestats. es iyo im droisaTvis istoriuli mniSvnelobis miRweva, aRsaniSnavia, rom 123-e sajaro skola saganmanaTleblo kriteriumebis sruli recefcirebis wyalobiT, rogorc akademiur wreebSi, aseve sazogadoebaSi erT-erT saukeTesod iTvleboda, swored es gaxda mizezi warmatebisa, romelic am proeqtis ganxorcielebiT iqna miRweuli. _ Tqven siyvaruliT ixsenebT 123-e skolis direq tors. maswavleblebi Tu mogwondaT? _ piradad me maswavlida 123-e sajaro skolis 4 pedagogi. sul aTni iyvnen. aTive pedagogi saqarTvelos masStabiT iqna SerCeuli konkursis wesiT, rac kidev erTxel usvams xazs 123-e sajaro skolis donesa da masSi damkvidrebul Rirebulebebs. magram, mimaCnia, rom erTi Zalze mniSvnelovani detalis xazgasma ubralod aucilebelia: erTia xarisxisa da kompetenciis done da meore survili imisa, rom aswavlo msjavrdebulebs, karieris aRmasvlis dros, maSin, rodesac arc profesiul da arc privatul doneze es araferSi gWirdeba. _ Cemi Sinagani rwmeniT es iyo maTi pirovnuli interesi, swrafva daxmarebisa da mozardTa feniqsirebisaken, _ profesionalis Jini Seqmnas yvelaferi arafrisagan. Cvenma pedagogebma daamkvidres ideologia, romelic piradad CemTvis cxovrebis azri gaxda. Cemi azriT, yovelive es ara mxolod konkretulad gansazRvrul pirTa jgufis, aramed sruliad sazogadoebis miRwevaa, es aris Cveni sazogadoebis soliduri nabiji gadadgmuli jansaRi socialuri garemosa da demokratiisaken. saswavlo procesi mimdinareobda intensiur reJimSi, pedagogebi saswavlo programiT gansazRvrul dros yoveldRiurad aWarbebdnen, isini CvenTan iyvnen kviraSi 6 dRe _ dilis 10 saaTidan saRamos 6 saaTamde. gasavleli iyo metad rTuli saswavlo etapebi organizebis TvalsazrisiT, radgan cixeSi myofi yoveli bavSvi sxvadasxva asakisa da akademiuri moswrebisa iyo, Sesabamisad, TiToeuls sWirdeboda individualuri saswavlo programa, isini yovelive amas sruli enTuziazmisa da didi Sinagani motivaciis fonze akeTebdnen. _ rodis miiReT gadawyvetileba, rom erTian erovnul gamocdebze gasuliyaviT da gaamarTla Tu ara gamocdebma Tqveni imedebi? _ am sakiTxze dakavebis dRidan vfiqrobdi. Tavdapirvelad ar mindoda CamovrCeniliyavi saswavlo process, SemdgomSi, rodesac situacia garTulda, ganaTlebis damoukideblad miReba gadavwyvite, xolo pedagogebTan Sexvedris Sem deg maTi daxmarebis wyalobiT mizans mivaRwie. yovelTvis vambobdi da axlac davafiqsireb Cems mosazrebas, romelSic vcdilob, yovelive imis Sesaxeb Cavaqsove azri, rasac vgrZnobdi da vgrZnob _ Sedegi, romelic miviRe, aris Cemi pedagogebis miRweva, yovelive es maTi Seqmnilia, mosvlis pir veli dRidan erovnuli gamocdebis Casabareblad Tbilisis teqnikur universitetSi Cemi etapire bis dRemde. Cemma pedagogebma SeZles movemzadebine 20 NAEC.GE ise, rom erT weliwadSi Camebarebina sami saswavlo wlis programa eqsternis wesiT _ IX, X da XI klasebi, momdevno wels ki XII klasis saswavlo programa da erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi, ris Sedegadac, gamocdebis warmatebiT Cabarebis Semdgom Caviricxe guram TavarTqilaZis saswavlo universitetis iu ridiul fakultetze. misaReb gamocdebze Cems da saxvedrad mobrZanda `gamocdebis erovnuli cen tris~ xelmZRvaneli, qalbatoni maia miminoSvili, romelic Zalian Tbilad momeqca da gamamxneva, simarTle giTxraT, es CemTvis didi stimuli iyo, es momenti yovelTvis memaxsovreba. xSirad maxsendeba, rom gamocdebisaTvis mosamzadebeli periodi daemTxva penitenciur sistemaSi arsebul karantins. Cven rusTavSi mogviwia etapireba, erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi praqtikulad Caketilebi viyaviT, ar vicodiT ganaxldeboda Tu ara saswavlo procesi. Cveni pedagogebi ki CvenTan Tbilisidan rusTavSi yoveldRe dadiodnen im imediT, rom erTxel mainc gvnaxavdnen... bolos mainc SeZles procesis ganaxleba, yvelaferi sakuTari xeliT gaakeTes am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. pedagogebi, pedagogTa jgufis xelmZRvaneli, qalbatoni nato sanaia yovelTvis cdilobdnen, rom skolaSi didi xniT davetovebineT. maxsovs qalbaton natos xSirad uTqvams, aRuniSnavs CvenTan, rom SesaZleblobis micemis SemTxvevaSi saRamos eqvsi saTis Semdgomac siamovnebiT gaatarebda CvenTan dros. gonebidan ar amomdis skolis direqtoris, qalbatoni nino kvitaiSvilis mzera, rodesac man karantinis Semdgom pirvelad gvnaxa, es pirovneba 7 Tvis orsuli Semovida sapyrobileSi, romelSi Semosvlasac izolaciis dros gavrcelebuli saSiSi epidemiis gamo is pirebic ki aridebdnen Tavs, romlebsac Semosvlisa da muSaobis pirdapiri valdebuleba ekisrebodaT. is wlebi jojoxeTs hgavda, magram es dadebiTi sxivi aris naTeba, romelic CemSi yvelafers faravs. _ Tqven, rogorc momavali iuristi, rogor fiq robT, ra SeiZleba gakeTdes arasrulwlovan msjav rdebulTa ukeTesi reabilitaciisaTvis? winsvlis SesaZlebloba, es aris reabilitaciisa da prevenciis Caunacvlebeli forma, romelic axla ormagad saWiroa, radgan gvaqvs saSualeba miRweuli Sedegi gaormagdes, damnaSaves mieces saSualeba daisajos da Seimecnos dasjis norma. mxolod dasjiTi qmedebis analitikur doneze Segnebaa WeSmariti reabilitaciis erTaderTi saSualeba, meqanizmi, romelic problemas ara mxolod droebiT SeaCerebs, aramed sruliad aRmofxvris. swored amitom, rogorc adamiani, yofili arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli da momavali iuristi miviCnev, rom moqmed etapze Cveni saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli valdebulebiTi saWiroeba ikveTeba aRniSnuli proeqtis met xelSewyobaSi, ideologiur mzao basa da daxmarebaSi. zemoxsenebul pedagogebs uprecendento Sedegis miRebis resursi aqvT. wels gamocdebi 9 msjavrdebulma Caabara. maTgan 4-ma gadalaxa minimaluri kompetenciis zRvari da axla Sewyalebas elodeba. _ nebismieri arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli saTvis, miuxedavad misi udanaSaulobisa Tu da naSaulisa, pirovnuli Tvisebebisa da danaSaulis xarisxisa, pedagogTan urTierToba aris gadarCenis Sansi, mozardis ganviTarebisa da pirovnuli qeTi kvitatiani giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi _ ra profesia airCieT da ra iyo am arCevanis mi zezi? _ gadavwyvite iuristi gavmxdariyavi da Ca vabare iuridiul fakultetze. rasakvirvelia, am arCevanis mizezi iyo usamarTloba, romelic Tavs gadamxda. me yovelTvis vambobdi, vamtkicebdi, rom udanaSaulo viyavi, swored amitom es iyo Cemi revanSi usamarTlobaze, garda amisa, erTxel erT oficers penitenciur sistemaSi Sevpirdi, rom masaviT iuristi gavxdebodi, maSin bavSvi viyavi, am adamianma Cemze gansakuTrebuli zegavlena moaxdina, ar vici rogor agixsnaT, aTobiT moZalade TanamSromlis zemoqmedebis kvaldakval, is TiTqos „anaTebda“. 21 ყოველ სამშაბათს, 14 საათსა და 10 წუთზე, გადაცემა ,,გამოცდებიდან - გამოცდებამდე’’თეიკო ანჯაფარიძესთან ერთად! საინფორმაციო მხარდამჭერი შეფასებისა და გამოცდების ეროვნული ცენტრი! ,,იპოვე შენი მომავალი“ გადმოერთე ,,იმედზე’’- რადიო ,,იმედი’’ Fm 105.9! NAEC.GE pedagogTa sertificireba _ rogorc stimuli pedagogTa sasertifikacio gamocdebi 2010 wlidan daiwyo da dRemde misi mTavari mizani maswavleblebis donisa da profesionalizmis Se fasebaa. amis winapiroba ki maswavlebelTa pro fesiuli ganviTarebis centris saqmianoba gax da, romelsac treningebis saSualebiT unda ga daem zadebina pedagogi gamocdis warmatebiT dasaZlevad. moqmedi maswavleblebisaTvis amgvari treningebi dRemde ufasoa. rogor imuSava am jaWvma da ra unda gaiTvaliswinos gamocdaze setificirebis msurvelma pe dagogma? sasurvelia Tu ara dRevandeli sagamocdo sqe mis Secvla da ramdenad da Zlevadia is? am SekiT xvebiT erT-erTi saukeTeso Sedegis mqone maswavlebels _ eka xve deliZes mivmarTeT, romelic dawyebiT klasebs aswav lis 128-e skolaSi. _ q-no eka, rodis gadawyviteT sasertifikato gamocdaze gasvla? _ bevri ar mifiqria, me, rogorc pedagogma, romelsac mimaCnia, rom var kvalificirebuli, CavT vale, rom momeca Sansi sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gadasamowmeblad da miviRe gadawyvetileba gavsu liyavi gamocdaze. maswavlebelTa sertificireba Zalian mniSvnelovani procesia. mogexsnebaT, bolo wlebSi Seicvala saswavlo programebi, Semovida axali saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlebic ZiriTadad swavla-swavlebis proceszea orientirebuli. Sedegs ki mxolod maSin miviRebT, Tu pedegogi zustad moaxerxebs am cvlilebebis mitanas moswavlemde. maswavlebeli mniSvnelovani figuraa da realurad mis kvalifikaciazea damokidebuli moswavlis miR wevebi. pedagogma unda daainteresos moswavle Ta visi sagniT, gaiTvaliswinos misi asakobrivi da in dividualuri Tviseba. sasertifikato gamocdebi ki swored amas emsaxureba, aq mowmdeba pedagogiuri unari da sagnobrivi codna. gamocdebi kargi saSu alebaa TviTSefasebisaTvis. _ ra periodi dagWirdaT mosamzadelad da rogor mimdinareobda momzadebis procesi? _ saserTifikato gamocda sakuTar Tavze bevr muSaobas moiTxovs. reformebis procesSi wlebia CarTuli var, CemTvis yvela siaxle sainteresoa da mudmivad vcdilob saqmis kursSi viyo, miRebul codnas viyeneb praqtikaSi. swored es damexmara sasertifikato gamocdebSi warmatebis miRwevaSi, amis gareSe, mxolod ramdenime dRiani treningis safuZvelze gamocdis warmatebiT daZleva, albaT SeuZlebelia. 23 NAEC.GE SeuZlebelia, igi gacilebiT mets grZnobs, vidre Cven gvgonia...“ (ilia II) . _ ramdenad rTulia sasertifikato gamocda da ra unda gaiTvaliswinos gamocdaze pedagogma? _ Tqveni azriT, ramdenad saWiroa sasertifikato gamocda da ras SecvlidiT mis formatSi? _ maswaleblis sertificirebis saWiroebis Ses axeb sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi TiTqmis aRar kamaToben. sertificirebis mizania maswavleblis profesiul standartTan piris codnisa da unarCvevebis Sesabamisobis dadgena. amitom sertifici rebis procesi maswavleblisagan sakuTar Tavze bevr muSaobas moiTxovs. gamocdebi kargia TviTSefasebi saTvis. wlebi yovelTvis Stampavs adamians, amitom profesionali pedagogi mudmivad zrdis, ganaxlebis procesSi unda iyos. sertificireba reformebis nawilia, evropis qveynebSi es miRebuli praqtikaa, yvelgan xdeba pedagogTa profesiuli kvalifikaci is ganaxleba. rac Seexeba sertificirebis formats, namdvilad misaRebia, magram aris sakiTxebi, romleb sac daxvewa esaWiroeba, Tumca amaze saubari Sors wagviyvans. _ sagnis codnisa da profesiuli unarebis garda kidev ra Tvisebebia saWiro pedagogisaTvis? _ sagnis codnisa da pedagogiuri unar-Cvevebis garda maswavlebeli kargi pirovnuli Tvisebebis matarebeli unda iyos: keTili, gulisxmieri, samarTliani, kargi msmeneli da Sromismoyvare. bavSvis siyvaruli ki maswavleblisaTvis aucilebel mTavar Rirsebad mimaCnia. rogorc Cvenma patriarqma brZana: „maswavlebelma, upirveles yovlisa, mozardis siyvaruli unda daimsaxuros da gasaRebic mis xelSi iqneba... magram siyvaruli rom davimsaxuroT, jer Cven unda SeviyvaroT bavSvi namdvili siyvaruliT. didebs unda axsovdeT, rom bavSvis motyueba 24 _ ioli arcerTi gamocda ar aris, yvela moiTxovs Sromasa da codnis gaRrmavebas. magram maswavleblis sertificirebisaTvis marto Teori uli codna sakmarisi ar aris, saWiroa praqtikuli gamocdileba. saswavlo procesi cocxali orga nizmia da mas frTxili da saTuTi mopyroba sWird eba. umetesma nawilma Zalian kargad icis Teoriuli masala, magaram, samwuxarod, mxolod nawili iyenebs am aqtivobebs praqtikaSi, rac Semdeg uaryofiTad aisaxeba maT profesiul winsvlaze. sakmaod efeqtu ria pedegogebs Soris TanamSromloba gamocdilebis gaziarebis mizniT. maswavleblebi, romlebic erT maneTTan TanamSromloben, aRniSnaven, rom urT ierTswavleba maT dasaxuli miznis miRwevasa da mo tivirebaSi exmareba. _ Tqven ambobT, rom bevrs muSaobT axali meTodebis SesaZenad da sxvadasxva pedagogiuri praqtikis gasacnobad. rogor axorcielebT prak tikaSi Tanamedrove midgomas da romeli qveynebis gamocdileba dagexmaraT axleburi midgomebis aTvisebaSi? _ CemTvis, rogorc dawyebiTi safexuris maswav leblisaTvis, swavlebis Teoriebidan yvelaze Ri rebuli da mniSvnelovani dimitri uznaZis ganwyo bis Teoriaa. pedagogTa miznebi ganuxorcielebeli NAEC.GE darCeba, Tu Cven ar SevimecnebT bavSvis fsiqologi is arss. aqedan gamomdinarea, rom swavlebis pirvel wlebSi dauSvebelia cifruli Sefaseba, rac xels uSlis moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris ndobisa da siyvarulis atmosferos ganviTarebas. profesionalizmi, romlis ganuyofel nawilad gun duri muSaoba gansazRvres. am reformis Sedegad maswavlebloba Zalian dafasebul profesiad iqca. maT saocari ndoba gamoucxades sakuTar maswavle blebs, am qveyanaSi maswavlebelTaTvis araviTari testireba ar arsebobs. imeds vitoveb, rom Cveni ga naTlebis sistema male ufro metad daixveweba da am qveynis gamocdilebasac gaiTvaliswinebs. _ da bolos, aris Tu ara sasertifikacio gamocdis warmatebiT daZleva pedagogisaTvis stimuli? rac Seexeba sxva qveynebis gamocdilebas, amJamad yvelaze metad finuri ganaTlebis sistemis warmate biT var moxibluli. ganaTlebis reforma maT mo mavali maswavleblebis SerCeviTa da gadamzadebiT daiwyes, amiT sagrZnoblad amaRlda maswavlebelTa _ dResdReobiT sasertifikacio gamocdis warmatebiT daZleva maswavleblis profesiis sta tusis asamaRleblad saxelmwifos is erT-erTi mniSvnelovani iniciativaa, romelic maswavleb lisaTvis kargi stimuli da motivaciaa profesiuli ganvTarebis gzaze. sxva amdagvari „stimulebis“ mo fiqrebac ar gvawyenda qarTvel pedagogebs. esaubra qeTi kvitatiani goga Canadiris fotoebi 25 NAEC.GE „გამოცდების ეროვნული ცენტრი~ აპლიკანტებს სთავაზობს ACCA-ს გამოცდებს ACCA არის მსოფლიო ორგანიზაცია პროფესიონალი ბუღალტრებისათვის. მისი მიზანია მომხმარებელს შესთავაზოს შესაბამისი ბიზნეს კვალიფიკაცია, რომელიც პიროვნებას დაეხმარება მიაღწიოს კარიერულ წინსვლას ბუღალტერიაში, ფინანსებსა და მენეჯმენტში. ორგანიზაციას ამჟამად ჰყავს 162,000 წევრი და 426,000 სტუდენტი 170 ქვეყანაში. `გამოცდების ეროვნული ცენტრი~ გახდა პირველი ლიცენზირებული ორგანიზაცია საქართველოში, რომელსაც აქვს უფლება ჩაატაროს კომპიუტერული გამოცდები: ბუღალტერიის საფუძვლები (Foundations in Accountancy): • FA1 Recording Financial Transactions • MA1 Management Information • FA2 Maintaining Financial Records • MA2 Managing Costs and Finance • FAB Accountant in Business • FFA Financial Accounting • FMA Management Accounting ACCA -ს კვალიფიკაცია (ACCA Qualification): • F1 Accountant in Business • F2 Management Accounting • F3 Financial Accounting 26 ACCA-ს შემდეგი NAEC.GE rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma? rogorc ar unda gindodeT, rom mwerali gamoxvideT, profesia _ mwerals ver airCevT, radgan ar arsebobs aseTi fakulteti. isev wignebidan mogiwevT imis swavla, rogor ar unda weroT, xolo rogor unda weroT _ es ukve Tqveni niWis saqmea. amitom (nu, xSirad gamouvali mdgomareobis gamo) yvela mwerals ori an meti profesia aqvs. am werilidan SeityobT, rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma da rogor gaxda is mevioline, mogvianebiT arqeologi da bolos cnobili mwerali. sanam guram doCanaSvilTan intervius Casawerad mividodi, misi 700-gverdiani biografiuli romani wavikiTxe _ „rac ufro maxsovs, da metad magonde ba“. baton gurams adreuli bavSvobidanve axsovs yvelaferi da romanSic am droidan studentobis CaTvliT TiTqmis yvelaferi detaluradaa moTxro bili. erTi ki gavifiqre: netav, romanis gamosvlamde momeswro es interviu, naklebi uxerxuloba meqne boda-meTqi, magram kidev raRac detalebis gagebis survilma ar momasvena da mivedi. imis gamo, rom wakiTxuli mqonda „kaci, romelsac literatura Zlier uyvarda“, uxerxulobis gancda ver movicile _ ar mindoda am moTxrobis personaJs, agresiul da sulel korespondents davmsgavsebodi, romelic bo los saqmis vergamosvlis gamo „Camoalaborantes“. winaswar momzadebuli kiTxvebis davTari davxure da ubralod vkiTxe: „rogor xarT, b-no guram?“ „ra vicio“, _ mipasuxa da gaiRima. ucnauria, Sinaganad savse da karg adamianebs iseTi Rimili aqvT, TiTqos gulSi gixuteben. swored es qvecnobieri Caxuteba gaxda Cveni uSualo da gaxsnili dialogis dawyebis winapirobac. („kargi adamiani“ Tu gaugebari da pi robiTi cnebaa TqvenTvis, gaicaniT doCanaSvilis personaJi griSa keJeraZe). radgan Cveni Jurnali, iseve, rogorc is centri, romelic mas gamoscems, gamocdebis irgvliv tria lebs, pirveli SekiTxva mec am Temaze davusvi... _ b-no guram, istoriis fakultetze rom CaabareT, Tqvenma istoriis pedagogma ar daijera, egona, rom atyuebdiT. ratom airCieT profesiad is sagani, romelsac Zalian cudad swavlobdiT skolaSi? _ skolaSi saqarTvelos istoria ar iswavlebo da, ssrk-s istrias ki principulad ar vswavlobdi. vardo maswavlebeli SemTxveviT Semxvda quCaSi. _ studenti gavxdi, vardo masw, istoriulze movewyve- meTqi... da gabrazda: _ sul ase unda ityuebode, doCanaSviloo? ... gamovaswore naTqvami: _ saso floze, zoovetSi movewyve-meTqi... mainc eWviT Se momxeda: _ es Tbiliseli biWi sasofloze ar Sex vidodio, arauSavs SenisTanebTan geqneba saqmeo, _ damamSvida da wavida. simarTle giTxraT, samedi cinoze vabarebdi, maSin prestiJuli iyo, qimiasa da biologiSi vemzadebodi. yvelaze samarcxvinod iTvleboda, axla moduri iuridiuli fakulteti, radgan is policiasTan asocirdeboda, policieli ki maSin aravis uyvarda. erTxel Cemma klaselma vo vam miTxra: modi, erTad CavabaroT istoriulzeo da daveTanxme. qarTulSi Tavisufali Tema _ „mSvi doba gaimarjvebs omze“ _ davwere, rusulic CemiT davwere, ssrk-s istoriis CabarebaSi damexmarnen, xom iciT, maSin „Cawyoba“ iyo (icinis). _ ar nanobT, es profesia rom airCieT? _ ara, piriqiT, musikis Semdeg Cemi usayvarlesi profesia iyo. arqeologiaSi vmuSaobdi. maSin calke ar iyo arqeologiis fakulteti, istoriulSi Se dioda. Zalian saintereso gaTxrebSi maqvs monaw ileoba miRebuli. vanis, biWvinTis, raWis _ raWaSi iseTi brinjaos xanis samarovnebi aRmovaCineT, rom ubednieresebi viyaviT. _ rogor axerxebdiT kursidan kursze gadasvlas ise, rom ar swavlobdiT sabWoTa kavSiris istoriasa da polit-ekonomias? _ erTi Zalian kargi leqtori myavda _ akaki surgulaZe. Sevedi gamocdaze da mekiTxeba: ar unda icode sabWoTa kavSiris istoriao? me vupasuxe, rom xelovnebidan vicnob mas-meTqi. raRaceebi mkiTxa da gaukvirda, leqciebzec ar davdiodi. „me orianis daweras vapirebdi da oTxs dagiwero“. mere davmego brdiT. maSin leqtorebi da studentebi Zalian mego brobdnen, saqeifodac davdiodiT erTad. me xSirad vambob, rom universitetis baRi ufro maqvs dam Tavrebuli, vidre universiteti-meTqi. Tumca rac mWirdeboda da rac vicodi, rom gamomadgeboda, imas kargad vswavlobdi. _ abiturintobis periodSi Tqven cixeSi moxvdiT leninis Zeglis Seuracxyofis gamo. Zalian bevri Tqveni Taobis adamiani kmayofilia sabWoTa wyobiT da xSirad oxravs: „ra qveyana daangrieso!“, Tqven 16-17 27 NAEC.GE guram doCanaSvili 28 NAEC.GE wlis asakSi TanatolebTan erTad ukve seriozulad ebrZodiT am wyobas, Tqveni biografiuli romanidan Tu moviSveliebT citatas, „aviReT da im uwminduris Zegli (leninis) manamde Sekavebulis _ siTxiurobiT Zlierurad SevuracxyaviT“ da es xdeba 50-iani wlebis sabWoTa TbilisSi. rogor gaxdiT „opozicioneri“? _ vis moswons, saSineli dro iyo. ubralod meti wesrigi iyo, vidre axla. sityva opozicioneris mniSvneloba maSin arc vicodiT _ Cven samSoblo gviyvarda. gabedviT, namdvilad bevri gavbedeT. es pirveli SemTxveva iyo saWoTa kavSiris istoriaSi, roca aseTi ram apaties damnaSaveebs da patimroba pirobiTi sasjeliT Segvicvales. bevri xalxi Cae ria. gansakuTrebiT ki irakli abaSiZis damsaxurebaa Cveni gadarCena. Tumca skola eqsternad davamTavre. jer Sinapatimroba mqonda, sanam sasamarTlo midio da. ganaCenis gamotanis Semdeg ki skolis ezoSi rom dagvinaxa direqtorma, yviriliT gamogvyara: „sad bedavT mosvlas, Tqve antisabWoTa elementeboo!?“ _ Tqven Zalian kargad ukravdiT violinoze, universitetis orkestris wevrobis gamo garkveuli SeRavaTebic gqondaT swavlis periodSi, ratom ar CaabareT konservatoriaSi? loebiT aseTi teqstiT: „qarTvelebo, gveyo monoba da nu SevarCenT pirsisxlian komunistebs mxolod Cvens ki ara, poloneTSi da ungreTSi daRvril Ta visuflebismoyvare xalxis sisxls!“ zviadma ingli suri ena Zalian kargad icoda, ucxour sainfor macio gamoSvebebs usmenda radioTi da gvawvdida informacias, ra xdeboda Tundac poloneTSi da un greTSi. maSindel sabWoTa sainformacio gamoSvebaSi „vremia“ yvelaferi tyuili iyo amindis prognozis garda. mokled, ase iyo Tu ise, dagviWires. Turme ukan dagvsdevdnen suk-is agentebi. vinme ufross eZebdnen, fiqrobdnen, rom patara biWebi aseT Tamam iniciativas ver gamoiCendnen. _ roca Tqven moswavle iyaviT qalTa da vaJTa skolebi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad arsebobda. 1954 wels isini SeerTda da pirveli skolidan 47-eSi mogiwiaT gadasvla, rogor imoqmeda Tqvenze da Tqvens megobrebze im faqtma, rom uceb erT merxze aRmoCndiT biWebi da gogonebi? _ me musikalurSi vswavlobdi manamde gogoebTan erTad da Cveulebrivad miviRe es ambavi, ise biWebi Zalian nerviulobdnen da sul meubnebodnen: „gvas wavle, guram, rogor moviqceTo“. mere gaTamamdnen, erTi Cemi klaseli manamde ar aZlevda klasel gogo nas CanTas, sanam ar umRerebda, imasac sxva ra gza hqonda da mReroda, sxvaTa Soris, Zalian kargad. Cvens TaobaSi visac smena hqonda, yvela dadioda musikalur skolaSi. _ b-no guram, Tqvens wignSi „rac ufro maxsovs, da metad magondeba“ bevrs saubrobT skolis periodSic da umaRles saswavlebelSic „Savi siebis“ arsebobaze, romlebSic sistematiurad iyo Setanili Tqveni da Tqveni megobrebis gvarebi, ris mixedviT xvdeboda am siaSi mozardi da rogor isjeboda is? _ sxvaTa Soris, Cemi megobrebi _ zviad gamsax urdia da merab kostavac _ Zalian kargad ukravd nen fortepianoze, gansakuTrebiT merabi. abituri entobis periodSi momxdari ambebis gamo Cven aRar vmecadineobdiT, mogexsenebaT, musikas bevri muSao ba sWirdeba. Sesabamisad, konservatoriaSi Cabarebis aranairi Sansi ar gvrCeboda. gamocdebamde 3 dRiT adre gadavwyvite istoriul fakultetze Cabareba. _ kamos, dRevandeli d. uznaZis quCis 69 nomeri cnobilia, rogorc adgili, sadac guram doCanaSvilma pirveli proklamacia gaakra da ramdenime wlis Semdeg aRmoaCina, rom proklamacia maincdamainc im saxlze miukravs, romelSic misi momavali meuRle cxovrobda. mogviyeviT es istoria. _ maSin me-9 klasSi viyaviT. zviad gamsaxur dias iniciativa iyo dagvebeWda da gagvevrcelebina proklamaciebi. beWdva ar vicodiT, Zlivs avkrifeT ramdenime sityva, sul 9 plakati gavakeTeT daax _ Sav siaSi xvdebodnen ZiriTadad politikuri niSniT. garda amisa, Tu anekdots moyveboda vinme xmamaRla an iCxubebda, an zedmetad acdenda mecadineobebs. magram vis eSinoda am Savi siis?! 29 NAEC.GE ucnauri stereotipebi arsebobda. _ Tqvens TaobaSi, vinc cudad swavlobda, maTgan WuWyiani... Zalian bevri amas reJimis protestis niSnad akeTebda. arada adamiani rogori rTulia... me vecade am sam samagierod, Zalian „nakiTxi“ iyo. akrZaluli lite moTxrobaSi Camedo is, rac adamianebs unda hqondeT da aerTianebdeT... arc vici, rogor raturis gasaidumloebulad kiTxvas damibeWdes, 3-4 weli ki ido Taroze, hqonda Tavisi xibli. SeiZleba amis skola eqsternad magram sabolood mainc beWdavdnen gamo Cvens TaobaSic ki, raRac etapamde, xolme... davamTavre. jer „xuTosnoba“ cud tonad iTvleboda... rodis SegiyvardaT wigni da ra wignebi Sinapatimroba mqonda, Sedioda maSindel akrZalul lite sanam sasamarTlo b-n gurams bolo SekiTxva, ra Tqma raturaSi? unda, im problemazec davusvi, midioda. ganaCenis _ kiTxva Zalian gviyvarda, es Tanamedrove bavSvebSi wignis „arsiy gamotanis Semdeg ki iyo Cveni Taobis erT-erTi azarti, varuli“ rom hqvia da gaukvirda: „ra skolis ezoSi rom sul kinoSi da restoranSi xom ar vici, CemTan sul nakiTxi da ganaT dagvinaxa direqtorma, ijdeboda kaci?! akrZaluli iyo lebuli axalgazrdebi modiano...“ me yviriliT gamogvyara: Zalian bevri wigni, magaliTad, mixeil re Cafiqrda da gaecina: „ho, albaT „sad bedavT mosvlas, javaxiSvilis nawarmoebebi furcelCemTan modian aseTebio...“ mere wigni Tqve antisabWoTa furcel gadadi oda xelidan xelSi maCuqa da mkiTxa: „ramdeni wlis xaro?“ elementeboo!?“. da elodebodi, Sem degi nawili ro asaki da Cemi mra val Svilianobis dis movidoda Senamde. me-6 klasidan ambavi rom ga ig o, gaukvirda da miT biblioTekidan gamom ricxes imitom, xra: „maSin qalbatonad mogixseniebT rom yvela iq aRricxuli kargi wigni mqonda wakiTxuli. wignis warweraSio...“ gamexarda, mec im zemoxsenebul Zalian azrianad SeiZleba dRes kompiuteris da axalgazrdebs rom mimaTvala, wignic gamexarda, internetis gamoyeneba. rogor SeiZleba sulelur magram am saCuqris molodini isedac mqonda... TamaSebze drois dakargva, umravlesobas kompiuteri ramdenjerac mis saxlSi movxvdi, yovelTvis avtoris dRes mxolod dros akargvinebs. Tumca me mainc ver bolo gamocemiT xelSi davbrundi Sin. warmomidgenia melnis gareSe, Seni xelidan Tu ar wamovida naweri, xelSi Tu ar daikave wignad Sekruli nawarmoebi... ra vici, me mainc wigns vamjobineb... sabWoTa periodSi ise gvaswavlidnen Zvel qarTul literaturas, TiTqos specialurad gvaZulebdnen. Zveli qarTuli da qristianoba ra iyo, ar vicodiT, amitom politekonomiasaviT gaugebari iyo CvenTvis es sagani. axla sul sxva TvaliT vkiTxulob da gaocebuli var, ra sityvebia dakarguli, ra unikaluri mwer loba gvaqvs… rogor SeiZleba mis fonze kiTxva ar uyvardes adamians?! _ Tqveni nawarmoebebis personaJebi Zalian kargi adamianebi arian, maTgan bevri ramis swavla SeiZleba… rogor daibada sami genialuri moTxroba sam Zma keJeraZeze? _ es raRac akviateba iyo. Tumca ver getyviT, me namdvilad ar vicnob vasiko keJeraZis msgavs fotografs. maqvs biografiuli nawarmoebic, magram aq yvelaferi gamogonilia. istoriebi sxvadasxvaa, gvarebi aqvT erTnairi da xasiaTebi _ msgavsi. _ Tqvenc SegiZliaT griSa keJeraZesaviT sibneleSi miatovoT sayvareli qali imisaTvis, rom mixvdes, „adamiani adamianisTvis mgeli araa!“ _ ara, albaT ara, cota ki SeaSina, magram imisTvis, rom mere gaexarebina. griSa fiqrobs, rom „kargia“ da cdilobs sxvebic gaakeTilSobilos. hgavs es moTxroba netav avtobiografiuls? namdvili ambis gadmocema xom Zalian rTulia. mweralma icis, davuSvaT, mis mezobel aleqss rogori cxviri aqvs, rogori Tvalebi da mixvra-moxvra, magram weris dros aviwydeba zogjer, rom es mkiTxvelmac unda warmoidginos. sabWoTa periodSi gvaswavlidnen, rom kargi adamini iyo aucileblad mowesrigebuli da jibeSi TeTri cxvirsaxoci edo, cuds ki _ 30 guram doCanaCvilma Tbili da grZeli warwerebis gakeTeba icis _ boloSi avtografiT, magram arasdros awers TariRs... gavkadnierdi da amis mizezic vkiTxe... „roca TariRs wer, es niSnavs, rom is adamiani, visac wigns Cuqni, TiTqos mxolod im dRes naxe, roca ar awer, maSin TiTqos sul SeTan ariso“, _ mipasuxa. qeTi kvitatiani avtoris fotoebi NAEC.GE `codna Tavisuflebis sawindaria~ abiturientebisaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvne lovani da sapasuxismegeblo nabiji _ saswavlo programisa da umaRlesi saswavleblis arCevaa. sapasuxismgebloa arCevani, romelic cxovrebaSi gardamtexia da momavals gansazRvravs. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ori midgoma arsebobs: pirveli, abiturientTa umravlesoba pirvel rigSi im fa kultets irCevs, sadac mas swavlis gagrZeleba surs da arCeuli specialoba misi Sinagani mowodebaa,magram amasTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos isic, rom survili imisa moxvdes umaRles saswavlebelSi didia da amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi isini Ralatoben sakuTar principebs, irCeven iseT programebs, sadac konkursi naklebia da studentad gaxdomis albaToba didi. am da kidev sxva saintereso Temebze Cveni Jurnalis stumari, saqarTveloSi erT-erTi prestiJuli umaRlesi saswavleblis _ kavkasiis universitetis prezidenti kaxa Sengelia gvesaubreba. doqtori kaxa Sengelia: kavkasiis universitetis prezidenti. istoriisa da biznesis administrirebis profesori. sxvadasxva dros muSaobda gazeT „rezonansSi“ redaqtoris moadgiled da saerTaSoriso ambebis ganyofilebis redaqtorad. hartfordis universitetSi marketin gisa da menejmentis departamentis asistentad. amerikul kompania „orbitelSi“ proeqtis menejerad da amave kompaniis kavkasiis warmomadgenlobis direqtoris Tanamdebobaze. iyo saqarTvelos par lamentis wevri da Tbilisis vice-premieri. damTavrebulebs mTvar rames vaZlevT, vaswavliT imas, rom codna, es is safuZvelia, romlis ga reSec isini mTavri Rirebulebis, Tavisfulebis gemos ver igZnoben. ganaTlebuli adamiani yovel Tvis warmatebulia da Tavisufalia sakuTari momavlis gansazRvraSi. is Zlieri da Seuvalia. arc cvlilebebis, arc dabrkolebebisa da arc warumateblobis eSinia. kargad aqvs gaazrebuli, rom warumatebloba mxolod erTi dabrkolebaa warmatebisaken mimaval gzaze. rac Seexeba Cvens universitets, kavkasiis universitetis istoria 1998 wlidan kavkasiis biznesis skolis SeqmniT iwyeba. kavkasiis universitets miRebuli aqvs saqarTvelos umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa akre ditacia. aq mudmivad ganaxlebadi maRali donis akademiuri programebia. axali mimarTulebebis da nergvasTan erTad umjobesdeba Zveli programebic. Cvens universitetSi orasamde profesi onali leq tori da profesori muSaobs. rogorc ukve aR vniSne, vTanamSromlobT evropis, amerikisa da aziis universitetebTan. mokled rom Camovayalibo: swav lis maRali xarisxi, dasaqmebis maRali maCvenebeli, gacvliTi programebi, SeRavaTebi gadasaxadSi... 2008 wlidan kaxa Sengelia kavkasiis universitetis prezidentia. _ batono kaxa, ra aris kavkasiis universitetis mTavari misia, anu me rom abiturienti viyo _ ratom unda Cavabaro kavkasiis universitetSi? _ pirvel rigSi minda aRvniSno, rom Cveni saswavleblis devizia: ”Studium Pretium Libertatis” - `codna Tavisuflebis sawindaria~ anu Cven kurs 31 NAEC.GE abiturientebisaTvis yovelTvis axali da sainte reso SeTavazebebi gvaqvs. magaliTad, 2013 wels Cveni universitetis mTavari gzavnili iyo „moxvdi 40 saukeTeso pirvelkursels Soris da miiRe 100%iani dafinanseba kavkasiis universitetisagan~. SeRavaTia aseve imaTTvisac, vinc ukve swavlobs CvenTan. abiturientebs vpirdebiT, rom CvenTan umaRlesi xarisxis ganaTlebas miiReben, Tanac win saukeTeso studenturi wlebi elodebaT. _ zogadad raze unda gaakeTos abiturientma mTvari aqcenti umaRlesi saswavleblis arCevis dros? _ arCevanis gakeTebis dros aucileblad unda mieqces yuradReba imas, Tu ras gTvazobs umaRlesi saswavlebli: ra saxeli aqvs mas, riT SeiZleba man Tqven mogxibloT, miaqcieT yuradReba swavlis xarisxs, dasaqmebis perspeqtivas, imijs. aseve mniSvnelovania, vin da rogor aswavlis iq. _ Tu gavakeTebT analizs, rogoria Tanafardoba erovnul gamocdebze miRebul niSnebsa da realurad im codnas Soris, romelsac studentebi avlenen SemdgomSi, swavlis procesSi? _ gamocdebi erTgvari sarkea, saidanac realurad Cans, rogori bavSvi modis SenTan, rogoria skolaSi miRebuli ganaTlebis done, misi momzadebis xarisxi, misi unari. erTi ucnauri ram xdeba, yovel wels gansxvavebuli donis bavSvebi modian. jer ver gavigeT, ra gansazRvravs nakadis siZlieres. amoucnobia, ratom unda iyos es ase. erTi ram cxadia, axalma Taobam ukeT icis inglisuri, maTematika, teqnikis moxmareba, magram uWirT garkveuli disciplinisa da wesebis dacva. ar aqvT Sromis Cveva. isic minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom Cven mkacrad vicavT xarisxs. kavkasiis universitetSi SesaZloa moxvedra advilia, magram swavlis dawyeba da miTumetes gagrZeleba aris rTuli. sakmaod bevri ver uZlebs da midis. magram vinc agrZlebs, is gamorCeulad warmatebulia. sakmaod mkacri moTxovnebi gvaqvs rvave skolaSi. Cveni abiturientebi saswavlo kurss sxva qveynebis prestiJul saswavleblebSi gadian da iqac uZliers studentebad iTvlebian. amJamad Cveni studentebi swavlas 84 qveyanaSi agrZeleben. xSirad viRebT madlobis werilebs, riTic Zalian vamayobT. vTvli, rom es ar aris mxolod Cveni universitetis warmateba, es qveynis waratebisa da winsvlis garantiacaa. _ Tqven aRniSneT, rom rTulia TqvenTan swavla. rogoria adaptaciis procesi da yvelaze metad romeli siZneleebis gadalaxva uWirT pirvelkurselebs? _ pirvel rigSi aucileblad unda aRvniSno, rom Cven pirvelkurselbs gansakuTrebul daxvedras vuwyobT, `wellcom party“ ase viwyebT erTmaneTis gacnobas da erTmaneTTan Sewyobas. grandiozuli torti „feirverki“ dauviwyari dRe... Cveni survilia stresi da daZabuloba movxsnaT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am grandiozuli daxvedris Semdeg maTTvis mZime, rutinuli, yoveldRiuri Sroma iwyeba. sirTulis mxriv gansakuTrebiT pirvel wels gamovyofdi _ erTi weli adaptaciisaTvis da imis gasagebad, konkretulad ras viTxovT maTgan. minda davamSvido pirvelkurselebi, ar SegeSindeT, win rTuli, magram saintereso weli gelodebaT. am wels ara mxolod studentobas igrZnobT, sakuTar TavSic axal, Zlier Tvisebebs aRmoaCenT. _ batono kaxa, ras urCevT abiturientebs, arCeuli specialobisaTvis bolomde brZolas, Tu ioli gzis arCevasa da kompromisebze wasvlas? _ rodesac irCev Sens profesiasa da Sens momavals, albaT bolomde unda ibrZlo imisaTvis, rom akeTo is, rac ginda. me piradad ase moviqeci. roca gansazRvruli gaqvs Seni gza, zustad ici ra ginda, naklebad unda usmino sxvis rCevas da saboloo gadawyvetilebisaTvis ibrZlo. es aris Seni cxovreba da ara Seni bebiis, babuis, mezoblis _ Sen Tavad unda gaiaro Seni gza. me piradad amisTvis yvelaferi gavakeTe. ori weli abiturienti viyavi. warmoSobiT samtredieli var da pirvelad TbilisSi samtrediidan umaRlesSi Casabareblad Camovedi. sam gamocdaSi umaRles Sefasebas rom viRebdi, meoTxeSi dabal niSans miwerdnen. ratom? imitom, rom maSin TamaSis sxva wesebi iyo. magram mainc SevZeli umaRles saswavlebelSic movxvedriliyavi da sakuTari ad gilic mepova. `arCevanis Tavisufleba~ _ yvelaze mTvari miRweva da SegrZnebaa adamianis cxovrebSi. Cemi Svili wels abarebs, ra Tqma unda, rogorc mamas, rogorc kavkasiis universitetis prezidents minda, rom man Cveni saswavlebeli airCios, magram mis arCevanSi ar Caverevi. erTia rCeva, meore sakuTari azris Tavze moxveva. es aris zogadad qarTveli mSoblis problema, TiTqos zustad ici, ra sWirdeba Sens Svils, magram acale icxovros, man Tavad unda ipovos Tavisi momavali. esaubra Teiko anjafariZe 32 NAEC.GE interviu ganaTlebis eqspertTan svaminaTan hariharanTan svaminaTan hariharani: „arsebuli tendenciis Tanaxmad, kompiuteruli testireba ufro da ufro popularuli xdeba da gamoiyeneba bevr sxvadasxva sferoSi. misaRebi gamocdebisa da sxva sauniversiteto testirebebisas“. 2013 wlidan gamosaSvebi gamocdebi or eta pad Catardeba. oqtombris pirvel naxevarSi me Tormeteklaselebi gamocdebs 4 saganSi Caaba re ben (fizika, qimia, biologia, geografia). im moswavleebs, romlebic oqtomberSi ver gadalaxaven zRvars romelime gamocdaSi (an ver gamocxaddebian gamocdaze), SesaZlebloba eqnebaT Sesabamisi sagani wlis bolos Caabaron danarCen 4 gamocdasTan (qar Tuli ena da literatura, ucxouri ena, maTematika, istoria) erTad. cvlilebis Tanaxmad, 2013-2014 saswavlo wlidan ki gamosaSvebi gamocdebi me-11 da me-12 klasebSi Catardeba. me-11 klasis moswavleebi saswavlo wlis bolos im sagnebs Caabareben, romelTa swavlac daasrules. rogorc „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnul centrSi“ acxadeben, axali sqema damamTavrebeli klasisi moswavleebisaTvis bevrad ufro mosaxerxebeli iqneba. Computer Adaptive Testing anu moswavlis SesaZleblobebze morge buli testi saqrTveloSi pirvelad 2011 wels Catarda. CAT-is tipis sagamocdo programis Se qmnisas „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli cen tris“ TanamSromlebs konsultacias ganaTlebis msoflioSi aRiarebuli eqsperti, koneqtikutis (aSS) universitetis profesori da amave univer sitetis saganmanaTleblo fsiqologiis departa mentis xelmZRvaneli svaminaTan hariharani uwevda. aRsaniSnavia, rom swored svaminaTan hariharania avtori im Teoriisa, romelic safuZvlad daedo CAT-is tipis sagamocdo sistemas. sistemis avtori saqarTveloSi „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnu li centris“ mowveviT ramdenjerme imyofeboda. gTavazobT intervius kompiuteruli testirebis sistemis erT-erT fuZemdebelTan. _ raSi mdgomareobs CAT-is, igive kompiuteru li testirebis upiratesoba? _ ZiriTad upiratesobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom kompiuteruli testireba orjer amcirebs testis administrirebis dros. es xdeba imis xar jze, rom gamosacdels mxolod im kiTxvebze uwevs pasuxebis gacema, romlebic mis SesaZleblobas Seef ereba, es ki, Tavis mxriv, gvaZlevs saSualebas, Za lian swrafad davadginoT aplikantis codnis done da unarebi. garda amisa, moswavle testirebis das rulebisTanave igebs Sedegs. unda giTxraT, rom 35 welia, rac am tipis testirebaze kvlevebi tardeba da misi upiratesoba testirebis sxva tipebTan Se darebiT TandaTan ufro aSkara xdeba. _ gaaCnia Tu ara Taviseburebebi kompiuteruli testirebis qarTul models? _ qarTuli modeli morgebuli iqneba im sinamdvileze, romelic saqarTveloSia da, cxadia, mas gansxavebebi aqvs, Tumca aqve isic unda aRiniS nos, rom kompiuteruli testirebis qarTuli mod elic im ZiriTad princips emyareba, romelsac yve la sxva msgavsi modeli. „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ aqtiuri muSaobis Sedegad mivi ReT is, rom yvela komponenti msoflioSi arsebul maRal standarts Seesabameba _ saubaria testur algoriTmze da sxvadasxva komponentze. yvelaze mniSvnelovania ar SewyvitoT winaswari testire bebis Catareba, raTa „davalebaTa banki“ mudmivad axldebodes da ivsebodes. minda SegaxsenoT, rom es procesi dausrulebelia, radgan, rac ufro meti da mravalferovani davalebaa bankSi, miT ufro efeq tiania testi da naklebia erTi da igive davalebis gamoyenebis albaTobaca da saWiroebac. _ Tqven koneqtikutis universitetis profe sori da ganaTlebis fsiqologiis departamentis xelmZRvaneli brZandebiT, SegiZliaT gviTxraT, ram denad gavrcelebulia kompiuteruli testirebis modeli amerikaSi? _ arsebuli tendenciis Tanaxmad, kompiuter uli testireba ufro da ufro popularuli xdeba da gamoiyeneba bevr sxvadasxva sferoSi. misaRebi ga mocdebisa da sxva sauniversiteto testirebebisas, ZiriTadad, kompiuterul testirebas eniWeba upi ratesoba. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom skolebSi jer am tipis testirebis damkvidreba rTulad xdeba da am kuTxiT saqarTvelo namdvilad lideria. esaubra maia gabunia 33 NAEC.GE `გამოცდების ეროვნული ცენტრი~ 2013 წლიდან გთავაზობთ საერთაშორისო სასერტიფიკაციო გამოცდებს: ØTOEFL iBT-ის გამოცდა საუკეთესო საშუალებაა ინგლისურენოვან ქვეყნებში სწავლის გასაგრძელებლად. ტესტი ამოწმებს, თუ რამდენად კარგად ფლობს აპლიკანტი ინგლისურ ენას საიმისოდ, რომ მან შეძლოს სწავლის გაგრძელება მსოფლიოს სხვადასხვა ქვეყნის უნივერსიტეტებში. ტესტი ამოწმებს ინგლისურ ენაზე კითხვის, წერის, მოსმენისა და საუბრის უნარს. ØTOEIC მსოფლიოში წამყვანი ტესტია ინგლისური ენის ცოდნის შესამოწმებ ლად დასაქმების სფეროში. იგი ამოწმებს ინგლისური ენის ცოდნას A1-C1 დონეებზე. მას ყოველწლიურად 5 მილიონამდე აპლიკანტი აბარებს და ათასობით ორგანიზაცია ენდობა მის შედეგებს. TOEIC BRIDGE ტესტი შექმნილია ინგლისური ენის ცოდნის დონის შესამოწმებლად მათთვის, ვისთვისაც მშობლიური ენა არ არის ინგლისური. ØTFI ტესტი შექმნილია ფრანგული ენის ცოდნის დონის შესამოწმებლად მათთვის, ვისთვისაც მშობლიური ენა არ არის ფრანგული. იგი ამოწმებს ფრანგული ენის ცოდნას A1-C1 დონეებზე. იგი გამოიყენება აკადემიური, დასაქმებისა და კარიერული წინსვლის მიზნებით. აგრეთვე კარგი საშუალებაა მსურველთათვის ფრანგული ენის ცოდნის დონის შესამოწმებლად. 34 NAEC.GE „mxolod is kulturaa faseuli, romelic sxva eris cnobierebaSi SeaRwevs da iq daikavebs adgils“ 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi, roca xeliT weris kul tura TiTqmis aRar arsebobs, xelnawerTa erovnul ma centrma gadawyvita konkursis wesiT aRmoeCina saukeTeso kaligrafiis mqone adamianebi da erT dros yvelaze pativsacemi profesia da SesaSuri niWi isev waexalisebina sxvadasxva jildoTi. ka ligrafistTa konkurss centri yovelwliurad mar Tavs. masSi monawileobis miReba yvela asakobrivi kategoriis adamians SeuZlia. buba kudava xelnawerTa erovnuli centris direqtori wigni ar iyo mxolod informaciis gadacemis sa Sualeba, is warmoadgenda xelovnebis nimuSs. gan sxvavebiT Tanamedrove wignisagan garegnul mxares didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda, vinaidan es iyo eli turi xelovneba sazogadoebis mcire nawilisaTvis da mzaddeboda xeliT. Zvelma xelnawerma kulturam Sva kaligrafis profesia. iqmneboda kaligrafiuli skolebi da iyvnen adamianebi, romlebic mTeli cxovreba am Sro matevad saqmes emsaxurebodnen. beWduri teqnologiebis Semosvlam da politi kuri situaciis arastabilurobam (sabWoTa perio di) kaligrafia, rogorc dargi, gaaqro. is Taname drove sazogadoebam miiviwya. Tundac imis gamo, rom xelnawerTa erovnuli centri flobs mdidar xel nawer memkvidreobas, araerT kaligrafiul nimuSs, aucileblad unda gvezruna am dargis aRorZine baze. bevrs vfiqrobdiT, rogor dagvewyo da ga davwyviteT Cagvetarebina konkursi da gamogvevlina is sazogadoeba, romlisaTvisac es dargi aris mniS vnelovani, gamogvevlina adamianebi, romlebsac aqvT kargi kaligrafiuli xeli. konkursi pirvelad Catarda 2010 wels da konkur santTa ricxvma yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba, maTi ricxvi 10 000-s aRemateboda. konkursis for mati aseTia: I turi: konkursantebi agzavnidnen mx edrulad daweril teqsts da komisia arCevs sauke Tesoebs. sainteresoa Tu rogor SeirCa namuSevrebi _ SeiZleba lamazad gamoiyurebodes naweri, magram es sakmarisi araa. naweridan unda Candes qarTuli anbanis Sinagani buneba. mniSvnelovani iyo konkur santebi ramdenad gamodiodnen grafikuli bunebi dan, rodesac qmnidnen axal formebs. II turSi konkursantebs eZleodaT davalebebi _ ori tipis Tavisufali samuSao: xelnaweri gver dis gaformeba da Zveli xelnaweris zusti aslis Seqmna. esec erTgvari unaria, romelic yvelas ar aqvs. III turSi davalebebi rTuldeboda _ konkursan tebs unda gamoeyvanaT sazedao aso, dekoratiulad gaeformebinaT gverdi. mniSvneloba hqonda ramde nad sworad iyo organizebuli teqsti. daviT maisuraZe 35 NAEC.GE dainteresebuli pirebi, romlebsac surT hqondeT xeliT gadawerili iSviaTi nimuSebi. xeliT naweri wigni im upiratesobiT sargeblobs, rom is erTad erTia da ara tiraJirebuli. samomavlod gvsurs xelnawerTa erovnul centr Si Seiqmnas kaligrafiis skola-saxelosno, sadac ax algazrdebi iswavlian am xelobas (kecva, kinZva, ga formeba, ydis Semosva, kamlebisa da masalis SerCeva, asos moxazuloba, daxra da a. S.), aseve saxelosnos SeeZleba awarmoos produqcia. rac mTavaria, popu larizacia gauwios tradiciul dargs. daTo maisuraZe kaligrafTa konkursis gamarjvebuli daTo maisuraZes xelnawerTa erovnul centr Si SevxvdiT, man kaligrafebis konkursSi orjerve gaimarjva _ pirvelad, rogorc moswavlem da Semdeg ukve, rogorc studentma. daviTi konkursis Sesaxeb gvesaubra: leila baRbaia aRniSnuli turebis Semdeg gamovlinda gamarjve buli ramdenime nominaciaSi: saukeTeso dekoracia, saukeTeso sazedao aso, saukeTeso asli. jamSi gvy avda aTobiT gamarjvebuli. mxardamWerebi avlend nen favoritebsac. gamarjvebuli _ daTo maisuraZe Jiuris wevrebi saTvis aRmoCena iyo, misi kaligrafia Zalian hgavda me-18 saukunis mdivan-mwignobrul xelweras. masSi namdvilad igrZnoboda qarTuli suli. swored es iyo Jiuris aRfrTovanebis mizezi. me mgonia, rom konkursebis Semdeg SeiniSneba, TiTqos xeliT weris kultura TandaTan popularu li xdeba. miuxedavad beWduri teqnologiebis sim ravlisa, kaligrafias mainc Tavisi niSa aqvs. erT gvarad mas sasuveniro daniSnulebac aqvs. arseboben sergi lafaCi 36 daviT maisuraZe kaligrafiiT bavSvobidanve viyavi dainterese buli, asomTavruli damwerloba manamde viswavle, sanam skolaSi Sevidodi. am gatacebis Sesaxeb Cemma klaselebmac icodnen, msgavsi konkursi Tu tarde boda, me ar vicodi, nawerebis Cabarebis bolo dRe iyo, roca Cemma klaselma miTxra, rom kaligrafiaSi konkursi tardeboda. me saswrafod davwere teqsti da mivitane xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi. Semdegi turebi centrSi Catarda. meore turi _ aslis gakeTeba da teqstis gadawera iyo, mogvces specialurad Sedgenili teqsti, romelic zustad unda gadagvewera. teqstis gadaweris dros sruli Tavisufleba gvqonda da aranairi SezRudva ar iyo, namdvilad ar megona, rom Semdeg turSi gadavidodi, radgan ar vicnobdi sxva bavSvebis nawerebs Cemi rom Semedarebina da isic ki ar vicodi, sworad vwerdi Tu ara. rodesac gavige, rom am turSi gavedi, cxa dia, Zalian gamexarda. am turSi xelnawerTa erovnuli centris direq torTan baton bubasTan momiwia axlos dajdoma, man bevri Zalian saintereso rCeva momca. Cven Soris gamarTuli saubris Semdeg mivxvdi, rom b-n bubas „movewone“. NAEC.GE zaur axvlediani bolo turi kidev ufro garTulda da sazedao asoebis gaformeba daemata, romelSic aseve calke nominacia iyo gamocxadebuli maTTvis, vinc sauke Teso sazedao asoebs gaakeTebda. bolo turSi gadasvlis Semdeg ukve vfiqrob di, rom SeiZleboda raime nominaciaSi gamemarjva, magaliTad, istoriul kaligrafiaSi saukeTeso naSromisaTvis, radgan me TviTon istoriuli ka ligrafiis mimdevari var, magram bolomde ar mje roda, rom SeiZleba pirveli adgili ameRo da sab olood dajildovebis dRes gancvifrebuli davrCi, roca gamoacxades Cemi saxeli da gvari pirvel adg ilze. konkursis Semdeg Cems cxovrebaSi bevri cvli leba moxda. kaligrafia CemTvis Tavidan mxolod hobi iyo, amis Semdeg ki movuxSire kaligrafiuli naSromebis damzadebas, bolos ki es saqme Cems Ziri Tad saqmianobad da profesiad iqca. rusTavSi xe lovnebis erT-erT skolaSi mimiwvies kaligrafiis maswavleblad, sadac dRemde vmuSaob da bavSvebs vaswavli kaligrafiasa da paleografias (mecniereba damwerlobis Sesaxeb). bolos daTo konkursis mniSvnelobaze gvesaubra: kaligrafebis konkursi umniSvnelovanesia axal gazrdebisaTvis. iseT tradiciul qveyanaSi, rogor ic saqarTveloa, mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi es kultura umniSvnelovanesi iyo, Semdeg garkveulma politikurma procesebma da beWduri wignis Se moRebis kulturam xelnawerTa praqtikuli daniS nuleba gaaqro. dRes kaligrafia mxolod xelovnebis saxiT SemogvrCa, verc warmomidgenia dRevandel pi ro bebSi beWdur wigns konkurencia gauwios xel nawerma, magram SeiZleba dadges xelovnebis iseTi dargebis gverdiT, rogorebicaa: mxatvroba, go beleni da a. S. piradad CemTvis kaligrafia ufro xelovnebis nimuSia, vidre praqtikuli xeloba. es konkursi ki axalgazrdebs kaligrafias daanaxvebs, anahit badiSiani 37 NAEC.GE goga WabaSvili rogorc ganaxlebul xelovnebas da interessac gauRvivebs am saqmianobisadmi. am konkursis Semdeg bevri daniteresebuli axalgazrda gamoCnda, rom lebisTvisac es xeloba sainteresoa, bevri am xelobiT cxovrobs kidec. dRes kompiuteris epoqaSi xeliT weris kultura TiTqmis miviwyebulia, yvelas urCevnia swrafad da martivad klaviaturaze akrifos teqsti, ris Sedegadac sakmaod uxeS Secdomebsac ki uSveben, inglisur transkrifcias qarTulad akeTeben, aseve Zalian cudia da saubedurod xSiri movlenaa, roca qarTveli internet momxmareblis umetesoba fiqria Wabukiani 38 laTinuri asoebiT wers qarTul teqsts, aseve mobilur telefonebsac ar aqvT is sistema, rom qarTulad akrifo teqsti, aqedan gamomdinare, Cemi azriT, aris imis safrTxe, rom qarTuli anbani da xeliT wera saerTod daaviwydes momaval Taobas. amdenad, kaligrafiasa da xeliT weris kulturas Zalian didi xelSewyoba sWirdeba, raTa qarTulma anbanma ar dakargos funqcia da momavalSic iarsebos im saxiT, ra saxiTac dRes gvaqvs. am yvelafris Tavidan acilebis mizniT ki, Cemi azriT, pirvel rigSi skolebSi unda iswavlebodes kaligrafia. darwmunebuli var yvela bavSvs eqneba imis interesi, rom lamazad weros, es ki bevrad ufro martivia, vidre lamazad xatva, radgan me TviTon kaligrafiis maswavlebeli var da vxedav, rom es imidenad niWze ar aris damokidebuli, ramdenadac mondomebaze. Tu ki bavSvs surs, ufro martivia lamazad weros, vidre lamazad xatos, Sesabamisad, es xelovneba adreul asakSive unda iswavlebodes. imisaTvis, rom ganviTardes kaligrafiuli xe lovneba, saWiroa Catardes sxvadasxva festivali, konkursi, gaizardos dakveTebi xelnawer wignze, aq ki gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eklesiebs eniWebaT, radgan swored eklesiaSi sWirdebaT ZiriTadad xel naweri wignebi. TamTa ZnelaZe Tamar papiZe NAEC.GE mrgvali magida erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi 2013! ipove Seni momavali! erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi dasrulebulia! rogor Caira gamocdebma, rogor afaseben TviTon monawileebi am process, ris gaTvaliswinebas urCeven isini „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnul centrs“ _ adreuli Semodgoma, Ria diskusia Ria cis qveS da dialogi, romelic aucilebelia. monawileebi: maia miminoSvili _ „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ direqtori; nini kepulaZe _ magistranti; mariam kepulaZe _ magistranti; mariam gurgeniZe _ pirveli kursis studenti; manana miqiaSvili _ sertificirebuli pedagogi; Teiko anjafariZe _ moderatori. Teiko anajfariZe (moderatori): upirveles yov lisa didi madloba mobrZanebisaTvis da gilocavT gamocdebis warmatebiT dasrulebas. qalbatono manana (pedagogi) pirvel rigSi Tqven minda mogmar ToT, rogor Caiara sagamocdo procesma da Tqveni azriT, moiTxovs Tu ara sertificirebis procesi momavalSi daxvewas? manana miqiaSvili (sertificirebuli pedagogi): geografiis maswavlebeli var, staJSi sakmaod didi wyveta mqonda, amitomac gamocdebamde cota vRela vdi. miuxedavad amisa, skolaSi dabrunebi dan ori wlis Semdeg gadavwyvite gamocda ze gavsuliyavi. pir velive gasvla warma tebuli aRmoCnda. marTali giTxraT, ar iyo rTuli. mqonda motivacia da velo debi 1000 larian da namats. momavalSi va pirebdi inglisuri enisa da kompiuteris gamocdaze gasvlas. qalbatono maia, ro dis da ra formiT Catardeba es gamoc da? 39 NAEC.GE maia miminoSvili: diax, geTanxmebiT zogadad, sasertifikacio gamocdis formatsa da Sinaarsze muSaoba mimdinareobs. inglisurisa da kompiuteris gamocdis Cabareba SeCerda imitom, rom absolutur ad ar eTanxmeba im realobas, romelic arsebobs. ra tom unda mogTxovoT, magaliTad Tqven, geografi is maswavlebels inglisuris srulyofili codna, rodesac saWiro informaciis moZieba sxva enazec SegiZliaT. praqtikulad, am gadawyvetilebiT arCev ans vuzRudavT pedagogebs. xSirad gamimeorebia da axlac vambob, sertificirebis procesi daxvewasa da damatebiTi komponentis Semotanas saWiroebs. „Se fasebisa da gamocdebis erovnulma centrma“ miiRo granti msoflio bankisagan. pegdagogebis serti ficirebis process praqtikuli nawilic daemateba. es procesi kompleqsuri unda iyos. maswavlebels, romelsac, vTqvaT, erTi qula daaklada, unda miec es imis SesaZlebloba, rom es Sefaseba praqtikuli nawiliT daabalansos. Teiko anjafariZe: rac Seexeba saerTo samagis tro gamocdas, miTumetes, rom 2013 wels pirvelad 40 magistrantobis msurvelebma erTi da igive sagamoc do testi aRar Caabares, maTTvis mimarTulebebis mixedviT SemuSavda sxvadasxva tipis testuri dava lebebi. nini, mariam, ras ityviT, rogori iyo testis sirTule? nini kepulaZe: Cven tyupebi varT, javaxiSvilSi iuridiulze vswavlobdiT da amave mimarTulebiT gvinda swavlis gagrZeleba. testi ar iyo advili, iyo rTuli da martivi nawilebic. magaliTad, anali tikuri wera Zalian martivi iyo. mariam kepulaZe: advili iyo maTematikac, ub ra lod dro iyo cota. mocemuli dro ar aris sakmari NAEC.GE si teqstis gasaazreblad. Cvens kategoriaSi logika iyo garTulebuli. maia miminoSvili: rogor fiqrobT, adekvaturi mocxadebis Semdegac SegeZlo, gagimartiva Tu ga girTula saboloo arCevanis gakeTeba? mariam gurgeniZe: iciT ra, Tavidan, ekonomiurze mindoda, maTematikac ki Cavabare, magram sabolod Sevcvale Cemi gadawyvetileba. SeiZleba imitom, rom Zalian miyvars wera da wignebis kiTxva... iyo testis aseTi formatis SemoReba saerTi samag istro gamocdisaTvis? mariam kepulaZe: diax, namdvilad. Teiko anjafariZe: mariam, Sen romel saganmanTle blo programaze Cairicxe? mariam gurgeniZe: filologiurze, saxelmwifo universitetSi. miviRe asprocentiani dafinanseba. Teiko anjafariZe: iman, rom programebis Tan mimdevrobisa da raodenobis Secvla Sedegebis ga 41 NAEC.GE maia miminoSvili: ra kargia! mariam gurgeniZe: yvelaze naklebad vinerviule qarTulze, principSi yvela sagani advili iyo, Zalian advili iyo ucxouri enac. me germanuli Cvabare, germaniaSi vswavlobdi, ena kargad vi ci, magram iyo zustad is sakiTxebi, romlebic skolaSi gaviareT. unarebze cota vinerviule, fanjarasTan movxvdi, qari uberavda da furclebs afrialebda... avtori: Teiko anjafariZe giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi 42 NAEC.GE nomris konkursSi gamarjvebuli statia konkursSi _ saganmanaTleblo Temaze Seqmnili saukeTeso statia _ `gamocdebis erovnulma centrma~ wels ori gamarjvebuli namuSevari gamoavlina. q-ni manana kartozias werili „isev ilias unda vendoT“ Jurnalis pirvel nomerSi daibeWda, meore nomerSi ki gTavazobT Tsu-s me-3 kursis studentis mamuka safariZis mier Caweril intervius. `me vgrZnob, rom studenti var~Tsu-s studenti bratislavaSi nino sayvareliZe socialur da politikur mec nierebaTa fakultetis me-3 kursis studentia. is saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis mimarTulebaze swav lobs. amJamad nino bakalavriatis me-5 semestrs evropaSi, bratislavas komeniusis universitetSi atarebs. igi Tsu-s gacvliTi programis monawilea. slovakeTSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad man warmatebiT gaiara SesarCevi turebi da moxvda im studentTa So ris, romelTac saSualeba eZlevaT erTi semestris manZilze evropis sxvadasxva universiteteSi iswav lon. ninosTan interviu internetiT Caiwera, Tumca evropul univeristetSi swavliT gamowveuli misi emociebi da sixaruli, `skaipSic~ ki igrZnoboda. _ romel mimarTulebaze agrZeleb swavlas? _ Cems fakultets socialur da ekonomikur mec nierebaTa fakulteti hqvia. ZiriTad mimarTulebad me evropaTmcodneoba avirCie. gavdivar sagnebs, romlebic evrokavSiris moduls exeba. Tumca maqvs iseTi kursebic, romlebic saerTaSoriso politi kis nawilia, magaliTad, saerTaSoriso usafrTxoeba, `TamaSis Teoria~ da sxva. _ rogor mogwons bratislavas universiteti? _ universiteti Zalian momwons. yvela fakultets Tavisi korpusi aqvs, daaxloebiT ise, rogorc Cven Tan. Tumca erTi gansxvavebaa. korpusebi erTmaneTi sagan sakmao manZilzea. ai, Cemi fakultetis Senoba qalaqis gareubanSia. saerTo sacxovreblidan uni versitetamde misvlas 45 wuTi sWirdeba. Tumca es problema araa, miTumetes, rom avtobusiT mgzav roba aq students Zviri ar ujdeba. me kargi cxrili maqvs, kviraSi 4 dRes visveneb. rac mTavaria, aq sas wavlo bazebis problema aravis eqmneba da arCevanis Tavisufleba gaqvs. rac yvelaze kargia, ar maqvs leqciebs Soris Sualedebi, rac vici, Zalian mom enatreba. _ rogoria swavlebis struqtura? ra msgavsebagansxvavebas xedav Tsu-sa da komeniusis universitets Soris? _ me am semestrSi sul 7 kursi aviRe. rogorc Tsu-Si, ise aqac, arCevanis Tavisuflebaa. leq ciasemi naris struqtura gansxvavebulia. TiToeul 43 NAEC.GE saganSi leqcia-seminari erTad tardeba, xolo le qciebi yovelTvis interaqtiulia. kursis Sefasebis didi wili, 60 procenti, studentis kvleviT naS roms eTmoba. es Zalian kargia: sakiTxis kvlevisas ecnobi uamrav literaturas, gadixar konsultacias bevr adamianTan, romelTac am sakiTxis Sesaxeb sak mao codna aqvT da, rac mTavaria, Sen TviTon qmni raRac axals, Sens sakuTars. Sen swavlob, Tu rogor Seqmna axali ukve arsebuli resursis daxmarebiT. _ rogoria Seni erTi Cveulebrivi saseminaro dRe? _ seminars yovelTvis sagnis xelmZRvanelis asistenti atarebs. minda aRvniSno, rom leqciebs araCveulebrivi leqtorebi mikiTxaven. erT-erTi maTgani stenfordis universitetis leqtoria. seminarze SezRuduli aravinaa, piriqiT, aq aqti uroba mogeTxoveba, Sen unda afiqsirebde sakuTar azrs. aravin gagaCerebs an getyvis, rom rasac am bob, es absurdia. yvelas aqvs saSualeba, sadis kusio sakiTxis Sesaxeb sakuTari azri gamoxatos. rac mTavaria, studentebi erTmaneTs diskusiisas xels ar uSlian. ician, Tu rogor scen pativi sx vaTa azrs. nebismieri leqtori leqciis axsnisas arasdros gvaxvevs Tavs sakuTar Sexedeulebebs da yoveleTvis gveubneba, “you can challenge this idea”, anu Sen SegiZlia Seitano eWvi argumentebSi, ifiqro gansxvavebulad da a.S. seminarze xar valdebuli iyo aqtiuri, garda amisa, yovelTvis, roca sakiT xav masalas gvigzavnian, leqtors aucileblad unda gadavugzavnoT kiTxvebi, romlebic dagvebada 44 masalis gacnobisas. amas active reading-is formati hqvia. sabolood, saseminaro aqtiurobaSi maqsimum 20 qula gvergeba. _ nino, ra moculobis masalis momzadeba gixdebaT erT saseminaro kviraSi? _ Tsu-Si maxsovs vwuwunebdiT, rom 20-gverdian masalebs gvaZlevdnen xolme kviris manZilze. aq ki, gagikvirdeba, magram momdevno kvirisaTvis, TiTo saganSi, minimum 100 gverdamde masala mainc unda daamuSavo. Tumca, minda giTxra, rom es damRleli ar aris. sami saaTis xangrZlivobis leqciebic ki (CvenTan erTi saaTiT naklebia), arasdros Rlis studentebs. es ar aris mxolod leqtoris monolo gis saaTebi, aq yvelaferi interaqtiulia. _ ra saxis resursebi gaqvT universitetSi infor maciis moZiebis TvalsazrisiT? _ aris biblioTeka, romliTac jer ar misarge blia. Cven yvela saWiro masalas leqtorebi gvigza vnian. gvaqvs kompiuteruli oTaxi, sadac Tavisuf ali adgili yovelTvisaa. garda teqnikuri mxarisa, TiToeul leqtors Tavisi sakonsultacio saaTebi aqvs, roca SegviZlia vkiTxoT saWiro literaturis Sesaxeb da a. S. universiteti Zalian komfortu lia, pirvelive, rac TvalSi momxvda, esaa deref nebSi dadgmuli taxtebi. CvenTan derefanSi skamsac ki rTulad Tu naxav. studentebi, marTlac rom, komfortSi arian. sasurvelia, Tsu-Sic yvelaferi aseve iyos. NAEC.GE _ garda msgavsi komfortisa, rac geTanxmebi, rom sasurvelia, ras isurvebdi komeniusis msgavsad TsuSic gexila? _ es, pirvel yovlisa, leqtorebs exeba. minda Tsu-Sic iseTi leqciebi iyos, rogoric aqaa. leqcia ar unda gulisxmobdes mxolod leqtoris moxsene bas ori saaTis manZilze. meorec, me ganvasxvaveb le qtorebs, romelTac aqvT prezentaciis unari, anu mogawodon masala ise, rom gaigo, ris Sesaxeb ge saubreba da leqtorebi, romlebic araCveulebrive bi iqnebodnen samecniero saqmianobaSi, Tumca ara saleqcio formatSi. mgonia, leqtori unda qmnides iseT garemos, rom mis leqciaze daswreba saintere so iyos. aseve mniSvnelovania, rom kursis Sefasebisas di di yuradReba studentis kvleviT naSroms daeTmos da ara Teoriul masalas. vwerdeT Temebs, kvlevebs, `analitikur eseebs~, rac 4 wlis bolos sabakala vro naSromis warmatebiT SesrulebaSi dagvxmareba. am universitetSi kidev erTi Zalian kargi tradi cia arsebobs. universiteti stumrad iwvevs sajaro moxeleebs, romlebic sajaro leqciebs marTaven. e. w. `gest-spikerebi~ arian. sul axlaxan CvenTan slovakeTis premier-ministri iyo. vici, rom Tsu-Si iwveven xolme sajaro leqciebze stumrebs, Tumca kargi iqneba, Tuki es yvela mimarTulebaze iqneba da ara zogadad sauniversiteteo doneze. Jurnali stebs hqondeT saSualeba, moisminon leqciebi Ju rnalistikaSi momuSave da kompetenturi pirisagan, politologebs qveynis sajaro pirebisagan da a. S. _ nino, rogor SegxvdaT universiteti gacvliTi programiT Casul studentebs? _ aq gacvliTi programiT sxvadasxva qveynidan bevri studentia. pirvel dReebSi fakultetis ad ministraciasTan gacnobiTi Sexvedra gvqonda. dav kvaliandiT, rom mere ar davbneuliyaviT. _ gaqvT Tu ara stipendiebi? _ am programis monawileebs stipendia 200 evro gvaqvs. es imdenia, rom erTi Tvis manZilze students kvebaze da a. S. geyofa, Tumca, unda aRvniSno, rom sakuTari Tavis madlieri davrCi, sakuTari Tanxa Tan rom wamoviRe. rogorc aRmoCnda, saerTo sacxovreblis saWiro atributikiT Sevseba Cven mogvixda. oTaxi carieli dagvxvda. Cven viyideT qvabebi, tafebi da msgavsi ram. interneti gvWirdeboda da iZulebulni gavxdiT, modemic gveyida. sacxovrebeli Tavidan ar mogvwonda, Tumca axla SeveCvieT. ase rom, mxolod stipendia rTulad Tu geyofa, miTumetes, Cemnair students. xan sad minda wasvla da xan sad. _ nino, ucxo qveyanaSi yofnisas studentebs rame sirTuleebi xom ar geqmnebaT? _ sirTule Segveqmna, Tan iseTi, rom qveynis datovebac ki mogvTxoves. saqme isaa, Tsu-Si aravin gagvafrTxila, rom slovakeTSi yofnisas binadrobis nebarTva iyo saWiro, sanam vizas mogvcemdnen. Cveni universitetis sagareo departaments amis Sesaxeb 45 NAEC.GE mogzaurobisaTvis Tanxa Sevagrove. Tumca, minda giTxra, rom aq eqskursiebisaTvis Zalian kargi fasebia. me mivageni internet-saits, sadac dabal fasebSi SegiZlia naxo avia-bileTebi. magaliTad, romSi 40 evrod SemiZlia gavfrinde da rogorc gavige, esec Zviria. ufro iafadac SeiZleba moxerxeba. mixaria, rom vnaxav parizs, praRas, aTens, italiis qalaqebs. leqciebis garda uamravi Tavisufali dro mrCeba. sami dRiT krakovSic vapireb wasvlas. ise, aRmoCnda, rom aq fulis xarjva saocrad iolia. evropelebs yvelafrisagan uyvarT fulis keTeba. ai, Cems megobars oTaxis gasaRebi daekarga da am problemis mosagvareblad 33 evro daexarja. amitom, ise unda xarjo, mTlad zaralSic rom ar aRmoCnde. _ rogoria Seni samomavlo gegmebi? TbilisSi rodis brundebi? informacia ar mouwodebia. Cveni qveynis saelCo dagvexmara, slovakeTidan rom ar davbrunebuliyaviT. specialurad CvenTvis gamonaklisi gaakeTebines da dagvtoves. amas daerTo isic, rom Turme samedicino Semowmebis dokumentic gvWirdeboda, rac sakmaod Zviria. bratislavaSi, am dokumentis miRebas 260 evro sWirdeba. sakuTari Tanxa rom ara, gamodioda, rom pirveli Tve studentebs mSivrebs unda gvevlo. am yvelaferSi erTi Tvis stipendiis Tanxa davxarjeT. saboloo jamSi, es kargi programaa, Tumca jer kidev sakmaod dasaxvewi. es seriozuli problemebi iyo, romlebic ar Segvxvdeboda, rom Tsu-s ufro meti yuradReba gamoeCina. axla ukve yvelaferi mogvarda. _ bratislavaSi swavla 10 seqtembers daiwyo. me am universitetSi 31 ianvramde viqnebi. gacvliTi programa erTsemestriania. sanam davbrundebi, bevri ram maqvs mosaswrebi. pirveli, Cemi erT-erTi leqtoris asistenti unda viyo erT-erT kvlevaSi, romelic aq mcxovreb boSebs exeba. garda amisa aq arsebobs debat-klubi, sadac msaji viqnebi, es Zalian maxarebs. aq me vgrZnob, rom studenti var. aq viswavle, rom 5 dRis manZilze SeiZleba sul 3 saaTi meZinos da mainc araferi gamomrCes. vxumrob xolme, rom SemiZlia dilamde gaverTo, vicekvo da mainc mowesrigebuli da seminarebze aqtiuri studenti viyo. _ axla, rac Seexeba universitetis gareT, studen tur cxovrebas: sad erToba bratislavas studentoba? sad dadixarT xolme saRaamoobiT an dasvenebis dReebSi? _ bratislava cocxali qalaqia. yovel saRamos uamravi wveulebaa, ai, rasac `farTebs~ vuwodebT. magaliTad, erTxel jaz-koncertze viyavi, daswreba ufaso iyo. mere espanur saRamoze gadavedi. aq ar moiwyen. _ Tu daumegobrdi sxva qveynebidan Camosul studentebs? rogoria maTTan urTierToba? _ aq Zalian Tbili xalxia. ukve gavicani portu galieli da espaneli studentebi. ai, venaSi eqskursiaze maTTan erTad viyavi. Zalian gulisxmierebi arian. yvela espaneli iyo, Tumca Tavi uxerxulad rom ar megrZno, Cem gamo inglisurad saubrobdnen. maTTan erTad Tavs Zalian kargad vgrZnobdi. kidev bevri qalaqis monaxuleba maqvs dagegmili. _ nino, am yvelafers TviTon studentebi afinansebT, Tu universiteti gaZlevT amis SesaZ leblobas? _ es eqskursiebi me TviTon davafinanse. aq Camosvlamde 5 Tvis manZilze vmuSaobdi da garToba- 46 aq gavlili sagnebi sabolood Tsu-Si aRiarebul kreditebad CameTvleba. aq yofna, ra Tqma unda, Zalian didi gamocdilebaa. Zalian mixaria, rom am programis monawile var. mamuka safariZe Tornike ziziaSvilis fotoebi NAEC.GE borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi levan buTxuzi: „national geographic saqarTvelos“ mTavari redaqtori profesia: biologi moqalaqe: qveyana, sadac Cadis, misi nawili xdeba sayvareli fraza: „Tu raRac ginda, aucileblad axdeba“ isti SortebiT dadis, Cvenma gidma gvTxova, iqauri tradiciisaTvis pativi gveca da Sesabamisad Cagvec va. arc erTi wamiT ar gamCenia protestis grZnoba. sxva kulturis mimarT protestis gamoxatvas rom iwyeb, es ukve kolonizaciaa. mas unda pativi sce da arc unda Seafaso. ideidan – warmatebamde _ „Tu raRac ginda, aucileblad axdeba“. blo kis es sityvebi mTeli cxovreba momyveba. am frazas xSirad vimeoreb. Tu ar axda, ese igi sakmarisad ar gindoda.zooparkSi mtaceblebis ganyofilebis dam lagebelic viyavi. cxovelebs vuvlidi, volierebs valagebdi _ zizRi arasodes migrZvnia. yovelTvis vakeTeb im saqmes, rasTanac maqvs profesiuli kav Siri da rac yvelaze metad mainteresebs. aqve Cems sayvarel avtors davesesxebi, marTalia, musikisaT vis saWiroa musikaluri instrumentebi, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom maT gareSe ar arsebobs musika. instrumentebi aucilebelia mxolod musikis Ses rulebisaTvis. Tavdapirvelad iyo idea, survili da didi gza. wlebis Semdeg idea realobad iqca, Tumca manamde iyo borxesis magiuri samyaro, wignebi mogzauro baze, sabWoTa realoba da mizani: _ bavSvobaSi Zalian bevri wigni wavikiTxe mog zaurobaze. Cemi mizani iyo aRmosavleT afrikaSi movxvedriliyavi. maSin es warmoudgeneli iyo. war moudgeneli iyo iseT socialistur qveyanaSi wasv lac ki, rogoric bulgareTia. rogorc ki daiSala ssrk, aviRe zurgCanTa da wavedi. wavedi, mas Semdg sul vmogzaurob. 36 qveyana, nanatri afrika, veluri buneba _ yvelaferi is, rac adre warmoudgeneli da ironiis safuZveli iyo, dRes Cemi relaoba da cxovrebis wesia. ratom mogzauroba? _ mogzauroba CemTvis pirvel rigSi sakuTari Tavis aRmoCenis saSualebaa. samogzaurod komfor tisaTvis arasodes wavsulvar. yvela etapze adami ans hgonia, rom sakuTar Tavs icnobs. sakuTari Ta vis Secnobis ramdenime gza arsebobs. ori ram, rasac xazi minda gavusva aris: sxva kulturis adamianebTan urTierToba da eqstremalur situaciaSi sakuTri Tavis gamocda. saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxeSi zustad ici, rogor unda moiqce, xvdebi garSemo myofebis reaqcias, rogorc ki sxvagan xvdebi, aR moCndebi sxva realobaSi _ is, rac misaRebia SenT vis, an Seni kulturisaTvis miuRebelia maTTvis. Tu raRac ver gaiTavise, yovelTvis xdebi ucxo. aseT situaciebSi adamiani sakuTar TavSi nakls advilad aRmoaCen da iwyeb Seni Tavis gamosworebas. martivi magaliTia, magram mainc wlebis win makritikebdnen mokle Sarvlis tarebis gamo, amas yuradRebas arc vaqcevdi da Tavad am midgomas vakritikebdi. ma gram, rodesac Cavedi mombasaSi, sadac yvela tur „national geographic saqarTvelo“ _ ideis warmoSobis Semdeg iyo xangrZlivi molaparakebebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom komerciuli TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba ar iyo momgebiani proeqti, imedia, droTa ganmavlobaSi es suraTi Seicvleba. 2012 wlis maisSi gavaformeT xelSekruleba, seqtem berSi iyo pirveli nomeri. pirveli ramdenime nomeri ar momwonda Sinaarsobrivad, nel-nela daixvewa. pirvelad iyo problemebi TargmanTan dakavSirebiT ac. rodesac daviwyeT Targmna, Zalian gagviWirda sruli Sinaarsiis gadmocema. am Jurnalis specifi kasTan morgeba skmaod rTuli aRmoCnda. rac dro gadis, miT ufro naklebad igrZnoba, rom Targma nia. qarTuli gamocema ixveweba da xdeba is, rac unda iyos. rac mTvaria, es aris Jurnali yvelasaT vis, ar arsebobs asakobrivi zRvari, tabudadebuli Temebi, magram erTi ram naTelia, roca am gamocemas kiTxulob, konkretuli statiidan srul da Tanac absoluturad sando informacias iReb. ndoba is 47 NAEC.GE borxesi da leopardi borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi... magi uri realizmis Sesaxeb SemTxveviT gaigo, roca xelSi egreT wodebuli „burJuaziuli Jurnali“ Cauvarda, romelSic salvador dalis fotom daainteresa. salvador dalim nel-nela borxesamde miiyvana: _ borxesi sul Tan damyveba. man samyaro cota sxva kuTxiT damanaxa, ararealisturi, sadac dro da sivrce erTmaneTTan gadajaWvuli ar aris. miuxeda vad amisa, mainc yvelaferi erTmaneTTan organul mizezSedegobriv kavSirSia. SemTxveviTi araa arc dali, arc borxesi da arc leopardi... _ borxesi wavikiTxe da misi magiuri realizmi, sadac gamudmebiT leopardebi da vefxvebi figuri reben, Zalian momewona. leopardi Cemi totemia. mas bavSvobidan veZeb, radgan maxsovs, viRacam miTxra: „vefxisa da moymis“ leqsSi aris ara vefxvi, aramed leopardi imitom, rom saqarTveloSi odesRac iyo leopardio. mogvianebiT leopardi, romelic aRar iyo, man vaSlovanis nakrZalSi ipova. da isev bloki erT-erTi mTvari Rirsebaa, romelic am Jurnals aqvs da romelic mas wlebma moutana. proeqtebi da gegmebi _ Cveni pirveladi misia codnis gavrceleba da saganmanaTleblo proeqtebis keTebaa. rasac va keTebT, unda iyos ganaTlebasTan mibmuli. gvinda am yvelfers sistemuri xasiaTi mivceT. gansakuTre buli fasiT SevTavazoT gamowera yvela skolas. igegmeba TnamSromloba „gamocdebis erovnul cen trTanac“ _ erToblivi proeqtebis win wamoweva, Tumca jer gegmebi bundovania. mTvaria, rom Cven gvinda viyoT saWiroebebze morgebulni. Jurnalis gamomweri xdebi Tu ara, es niSnavs, rom Sen xdebi am gaerTianebis wevri da bonusad iReb Jurnals. Cven gvekrZaleba gavaCuqoT erTi egzempliaric ki. yove li nomridan Semosuli Tanxa midis fondSi da afi nansebs samecniero eqspediciebs. ar gvaqvs fufuneba es fuli waviRoT sxvagan. es xom arasamTavrobo or ganizaciebis qselia, misi mTavri arsi kvlevebis da finanseba da am kvlevebis Sedegad miRebuli codnis gavrcelebaa anu axali ambebis aRmomCenebi da gama vrceleblebi varT. darwmunebuli var, Cveni axali eqspediciebis Sesaxeb farTo sazogadoeba aucile blad Seityobs. 2014 wlidan axali proeqtis „national geographic KIDS“-is dawyebas vgegmavT. es Zalian popularuli proeqtia. yvelaferi is, rac iwereba Cveulebriv ga mocemaSi, ilustrirebuli da sabavSvo eniTaa dawer ili. 48 intervius Casawerad „national geographic saqarT velos“ ofisSi mivedi. mTvari redaqtoris inter viuze daTanxmeba rTuli ar iyo, ubralod is sul mogzaurobs da... redaqciaSi situacia iseTi damxvda, rogorsac ve lodi. redaqcia axal nomerze muSaobda, xelosnebi ki raRacas akeTebdnen. xmaurSi erTmaneTis saubari _ mas Cemi kiTxvebi, me ki misi pasuxebi _ ar gvesmoda, TiTqos „TargmanSi dakargulebs“ vgavdiT. amitom erovnuli muzeumis Ria ezoSi gadavinacvleT. finjani yava, sasiamovnod grili amindi da sain tereso respodenti... uceb vifiqre, am muzeumis kedlebSi ramdeni sao cari ambavi inaxeba. TiToeuli eqsponati istoriis nawili da saocari Tavgadasavalia, ai iseTi, Tu kar gad dawer, „national geographic“-Si aucileblad rom moxvdeba. rogorc Cveni respodenti xSirad imeorebs, „Tu raRac ginda, aucileblad axdeba“ _ me velodebi axal nomers! Teiko anjafariZe NAEC.GE saqarTvelos muzeumSi daculi daviTaiebis sajalabe saxli ontofodan. XVIII saukune. eTnografiuli muzeumis „klasika“ me vgiJdebi maikl jeksonze da xSirad vusmen fredi merkuris... ra gaigeT amiT Cem Sesaxeb? verkvevi musikaSi Tu vera? verc veraferi, radgan klasikaze ar daoben da es ori musikosi ukve kla sikosia. roca skolaSi vaswavlidi, maSinac am erTgvari „triukis“ ambebs vumxeldi Cems mos wavleebs: Tu rameSi cudad erkveviT da ar gindaT, rom gaamJRavnoT, airCieT „klasika“, ase magaliTad, momwons leonardo da vinCis mxatvroba, galaktionis poezia da ra vici kidev... Sopenis musika... Tumca, yvelaze mniSvnelovan SekiTxvaze _ ratom mogwons? _ pasuxis gacemas mxolod es zedapiruli CamonaTvali ver Svelis, amisaTvis zogadi ganaTlebis garda kidev bevri ram aris saWiro da aucilebeli. erT-erT gakveTilze yvela moswavlem gamca pasuxi SekiTxvaze, romeli manqana moswonT. pasuxad me movuyevi erTi qarTvelis istoria, romlis principuli moTxovna iyo hyoloda cisferi „peJo“. safrangeTSi emigrantebad gaqceuli Cveni menSevikuri mTavrobis didi nawili SimSiliT sikvdils „peJos“ qarxanaSi dasaqmebas gadaurCenia Turme. Cemi megobari qarTvelic cisfri „peJos“ SeZeniT erTgvar pativiscemas gamoxatavda Cveni „cisfersisxliani“ winaprebis mimarT. am gakveTilis Semdeg ramdenime „interesianma“ moswavlem Googleis saZiebo sistema „gadaqeqa“ da meore dRes SeZlebisdagvarad momzadebuli pasuxiT movida, magaliTad, aseTiT: „me BMW-s SeviZendi, masw., mas axalgazrdul manqanas eZaxian da siCqaresac swrafad aviTarebs, Savi feris minda, soliduri da seriozuli feria“. „Savi da TeTri _ ferebi ar aris, isini tonebia, rogorc ukiduresi sibnele da ukiduresi sinaTle“, _ Sevuswore me. xelovnebis maswavleblis movaleobad CavTvale, Torem sxva sag nis pedagogi rom vyofiliyavi, arc ki SevimCnevdi. klasika, romelic giyvars da klasika, romelic cvlis kazimir maleviCis „Savi kvadrati“ klasikaa. ma gram ar aris savaldebulo is mogwondes, sakmarisia icode _ ratomaa klasika. adamianebis umravlesobas impresionizmi uyvars, radgan is lamazia da gasage bi, Tumca fraza _ „vgiJdebi impresionizmze!“ _ xe lovnebaSi garkveuli adamianebisaTvis imas niSnavs, rom frazis avtori cudad erkveva saxviT xelovne baSi. impresionizmi, ra Tqma unda, klasikaa, magram is pop-musikasaviTaa mxatvrobaSi, pop-xelovneba ki yovelTvis ufro dabali donisaa. germaneli mecnierebis mier Catarebulma statis tikurma analizma aCvena, rom adamianTa umravleso bisaTvis Zveli xelovneba ufro sainteresoa, vidre axali da rac ufro Zvelia is, miT ufro Cndeba mis mimarT interesi. mkvlevrebi am faqts imiT xsnian, rom Zveli kultura ufro mistiuri da amoucnobia, drois distancia ki kidev ufro sainteresos xdis mas adamianebisaTvis. Sesabamisad, muzeumebs ufro meti damTvalierebli hyavs, vidre galereebs. 49 NAEC.GE muzeumi cis qveS dasavleT saqarTveloSi facxisa da jargvalis Semdeg me-18 saukunis bolomde sajalabe saxlebi iyo gavrcelebuli. pirveli ori ar SemorCenila, sajalabe saxlis ramdenime klasikuri nimuSi saqa rTvelos eTnografiul muzeumSia gadmotanili. pirvelive saxlSi CiTis kabasa da TavsafarSi gamowy obil gogonas SexvdebiT, romelsac am ficrulSi mcxovrebis Sesabamisad Salis windebi da qalamnebi acvia. winaprebiviT isic qalamans yoveldRe cx imiT poxavs da mere sakuTari fexis formaze svams darbilebul tyavs. Zveli megreli glexis gogonas gansaxierebis garda misi movaleobaa erTi da igive istoria uambos yvela damTvalierebels: „ontofoSi mcxovrebi daviTaiebis sajalabo saxlis saZirkveli qvisaa. kedlebi wablis xis ficrisagan ulursmnod aris nagebi. gadaxurva orqanobiania, xis nivnivebze da gadaxurulia yavriT. misi farTobi 80 kvadrat uli metria. sajalabe saxli gegmaSi sworkuTxaa da fasadis mxares aqvs Seficruliatakiani, oTxsve tiani aivani. mas perimetrze xis skami gasdevs. aivnis Tavxe-sxvens fasadi gaxsnili aqvs da igi sabZlad gamoiyeneboda. aivnidan Semavali kariT vxvdebiT miwis iatakis mqone oTaxSi, romelsac soxane ewo deba da romlis centrSi ganTavsebulia kera da Suacecxli. iataks yoveldRe rwyavdnen qalebi da mere tkepnidnen, rom mtveri ar asvloda. saxlis centralur nawils kera warmoadgens, romelTanac ido qva da samfexi skami WraqisaTvis. keris Tavze ekida naWa da masze mozrdili qvabi. iqve idga dabali magida. saxlSi mkacrad iyo gamijnuli mamakacebisa da qalebis samyofeli. Sesasvlelidan marcxena mxare mamakacebs ekuTvnoda, xolo marjvena _ qalebs. ma makacebis mxares tabaki idgmeboda, romelsac isini 50 asakis mixedviT Semousxdebodnen xolme. isxdnen xis dabal kunZebze an jorkoebze. arsebobda saufroso skamic. zogjer am skams ojaxis ufrosi stumars uT mobda. kera sakralur adgilad miiCneoda. keriis ce cxli Cauqroblad enTo. keras wminda adgilad mi iCnevdnen da misi Seuracxyofa (ganzrax cecxlis Caqroba, wylis misxma, nagvis Cayra) danaSauli iyo da tradiciuli samarTliTac ganisjeboda. keriis axlos ikrZaleboda bilwsityvaoba. samegreloSi ke riis cecxlsac ki ificebdnen. aseTi wesic hqondaT: keriis cecxls orSabaTobiT da axal weliwads ar gascemdnen, ojaxis baraqa gahyvebao. keras aseve didi adgili ekava CveulebiT samar TalSi. moklulis ojaxTan mkvlelis saboloo Serigebis niSani iyo damnaSavis SeSveba ojaxSi da kerasTan moklulis dedis mkerdze mTxveva. amgvari ritualis Semdeg monanie mkvleli am ojaxis wevra dac miiCneoda. kerasTan ewyoboda aseve locvis sxvadasxva da sadResaswaulo ritualebic. ojaxis ufrosi swored aq, kerasTan aRavlenda fuZis locvas, aq acxobda diasaxlisi saweso kverebs, aqve nakverCxlebze ak mevdnen sakmevels, axal weliwads mekvle pirvelad keriis cecxls miulocavda, aCaRebda cecxls sa gangebod momzadebuli fiCxiT da Semdeg zed gadaax teboda. kerasa da mis Tavze Camokidebul naWas didi ad gili ekava saqorwino ritualSi: ojaxSi pirvelad Semoyvanil patarZals samjer Semoatarebdnen keras. mas xeli unda Seevlo sakidlisaTvis da amiT ukve ojaxis wevric xdeboda. col-qmrisaTvis ezoSi cal ke idga „Taflobis Tvis saxli“, sajalabe saxlSi colqmruli urTierToba ikrZaleboda, radgan mTa vari saxli sacxovrebelic iyo da taZaric, garkveu li ritualebis Semdeg gardacvlil winaparTa sule bic ki kerasTan „iyridnen“ Tavs. mTxrobelebi daviTaiebis saxlis agebas laz osta tebs miaweren. saqarTveloSi da mTlianad kavkasiaSi xis saxlebis aSenebisa da maTze CuqurTmebis gamo NAEC.GE yvanis didi ostatebi iyvnen lazeTidan da raWidan gamosuli xelosnebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebdnen im kuTxis tradiciebsac, sadac saxlebs aSenebdnen da im did codnasac iyenebdnen, romelic saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda. „Seni oTaxis“ uaryofiTi mxare me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi farTod gavrceleb ulma oda saxlma yvelaferi „gaafuWa“ _ is aRar aris saxli, romelic „taZaria“. is erToba, misti ka, simSvide, rac sajalaboSi amdeni xnis manZilze iyo SenarCunebuli, oda saxlSi daikarga. mas ukve 2 saZinebeli da 1 misaRebi oTaxi gauCnda. yvela oTaxs Tavisi Sesasvleli aqvs da aivnis nawili esazRvre ba. Suacecxli buxrebma Secvala. Sesabamisad, arc „Taflobis Tvis saxlebi“ arsebobs da arc saerTo cecxlis garSemo yofnis tradicia, arc imis valde buleba, rom keriis pativiscemis gamo mainc ar iyo cud xasiaTze da ar iCxubo, arc is, rom sajalabe saxlSi mTel sigZeze gaSlil sarecelze, romelzec zogjer 20 adamianic ki eteoda, bavSvs survilis amebr SeeZlo zRapris Txrobisas babus gverdiT Ca Zineboda, bebos Caxuteboda da ise gaetarebina mTe li Rame, xolo mere dedis ZuZus saWmelad gverdiT gadagorebuliyo. rac mTavaria, oda saxli aRar dgas miwaze. saukuneebis manZilze aRmosavleT saqarT veloSic (baniani saxli, darbazuli saxli) da dasav leT saqarTveloSic saxlebi miwaze idga an saerTod miwiT ifareboda, ris gamoc zamTar-zafxul TiTq mis erTi da igive temperaturas inarCunebda. oda saxli impresionizmiviTaa saxviT xelovnebaSi impresionizmma pirvelma Seitana iseTi fundamenturi cvlilebebi, rom lebmac Semdeg mTeli me-20 saukunis xelovneba gansazRvra. Tu adre mxatvrebi mxolod Canaxatebs akeTebdnen gareT da mere saxlSi garbodnen nanaxis tiloze gadasatanad an sulac iwvevdnen modelebs da amiT saxelosnos gansakuTrebul mniSvnelovne bas aniWebdnen, impresionistebi plenerze gavidnen, isini abundovaneben formas da yovelgvari mniS vnelovnebisa da qveteqstis gareSe iwyeben „STabeW dilebebis gadatanas“ suraTze. aqedan moyolebuli mxatvris saxelosno yvelganaa, ufro mogvianebiT ki, saerTo idealis arqonis gamo xelovnebaa yvelaferi. is kargavs gansakuTrebulobas, radgan ukve yvelas SeuZlia ramdenime monasmis wyalobiTac ki gaxdes cnobili „ART-isti“, mTavaria, am xazebis kombinacia pirvelma moifiqros. oda saxli dRevandeli saxlis winamorbedia, misi amSenebeli bedavs daarRvios aqamde taZrad qceuli erTi oTaxis simyureove, romelic erTad yofnisa da Tanyofnis simbolo iyo da damoukidebeli oTaxebi miuCinos adamianebs... bedavs, pirvelad daaSoros miwas saxli da fexebze Semodgas kargi hidroizolaciis momizezebiT. amis Semdeg saxlebi sul maRla da maRla miiweven, caSi gamokidebuli adamianebi ki (miwas vin Civis) sul ufro da ufro emijnebian socialur garemos, cildebian erTmaneTs da Tavis mravalricxovan oTaxebSi iketebian. erTma poetma bunebas leqsi miuZRvna aseTi qvesaTauriT: „or naZvs, romlebic Cemi fanjridan mosCans, es bunebasTan Cemi kontaqtis erTaderTi saSualebaa am xmaurian qalaqSi...“ caTambjenebi zogjer babilonis godols magonebs, romlis mSenebloba manamde ar Sewyda, sanam RmerTma adamianebs sxvadasxva enaze laparaki ar daawyebina... „maT aRar esmodaT erTmaneTisa da mimoifantnen...“ Cven xom caTambjenebs RmerTamde misasvlelad ar vaSenebT da zustad arc is viciT, Suacecxlisa da eklesiis Semdeg sad gadainacvla misken savalma gzam... qeTi kvitatiani avtoris fotoebi 51 NAEC.GE weroebi mifrinaven Sors seria gadaRebulia suramis # 2 sajaro skolis direqtoris _ miSa giorgaZis mier sxvadasxva dros, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionis soflebSi da gadmoscems bavSvebis cxovrebas soflad. fotoebis nawili gadaRebulia aseve mzrunvelobamoklebul bavSvTa saxlSi. dakvirveba mainteresebda. saxismetyveleba, konk retuli tipaJis mqone personaJis SerCeva da mogzaurobis Sedegad sxvadasxva cxovrebis wesis, tradiciebis mqone adamianebze dakvirveba dRemde maZlevs saSualebas ara mxolod gavakeTo is, rasac bavSvobidan moyolebuli sul vfiqrobdi, Tu didi mxatvari ar gamoval, Cemi Wiis gasaxarad mainc davxatav-meTqi. xatvis survili dRemde ar gamnelebia. vxatav xolme, Tumca ise, Cemi Wiis gasaxaradac rom ar aris sakmarisi. xatva kargad ver viswavle. ra ar viRone, magram adamianebis xatva gansakuTrebiT ar gamomdioda. miTxres, mand maswavlebelia saWiroo; sxeulis ageba, proporciebio da a. S. ar miyvars auxdeneli ocnebebi. arc ganuxorcielebeli ideebi. saqmis gaioleba ki miyvars. fotografia mxolod Tavidan Canda ioli. vifiqre, is ideebi, sakuTari fiqris gadmocemis formebi, romlebic mxatvrobaSi warumateblad dasrul da, amjerad fotografiaSi momesinja. fo toebis gadaReba daaxloebiT 4 wlis win daviwye. viRebdi yvelafers, peizaJebs, arqiteqturas, makro deta lebs, adamianebs. garkveuli gamocdilebis Semdeg mivxvdi, rom yvelaze metad portretis Janri da fotoaparatiT adamianebis cxovrebaze mxatvrobiT ver mivaRwie, aramed sakuTari fiqric gamovxato. fotografia CemTvis TviTgamoxatvis erT-erT mTavar saSualebad iqca, rasac me dRemde didi siyvaruliT vakeTeb. 52 NAEC.GE 53 NAEC.GE saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi me-20 saukunis bolo aTwleulidan moyolebuli msoflios ramdenime aTeuli qveyana saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi iRebs monawileobas. saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebs ramde nime mizani aqvs: _ Seafasos moswavleTa miRwevebi da maTi cvlileba droSi; _ aRmoaCinos moswavleTa miRwevebs Soris gansxvavebebisa da msgavsebebis sistemuri, meTodo logiuri da konteqsturi mizezebi; _ SemogvTavazos rekomendaciebi Sedegebis gasaumjobeseblad. 2006 wlidan moyolebuli am kvlevebs saqarT veloc SeuerTda da dRemde Semdeg kvlevebSi miiRo monawileoba: _ PIRLS - wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvleva, afasebs kiTxvis unarebs me-4 klasis moswavleebSi; _ TIMSS - maTematikisa da sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlisa da swavlebis kvleva, afasebs me-4 da me-8 klasebis moswavleebis miRwevebs; _ PISA - moswavleTa miRwevebis saerTaSoriso Sefasebis programa 15 wlis mozardebSi, afasebs kiTxvis, maTematikisa da mecnierebebis unarebs; _ TEDS-M - maTematikis momaval maswavlebelTa momzadebis saerTaSoriso kvleva. am nomerSi kvlevebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT ganvixilavT im problemebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba saqarTveloSi Tanabari saganmanaTleblo SesaZleb lobebis uzrunvelyofas. Semdgom nomrebSi ki SemogTavazebT moswavleTa Sedegebis gaumjobesebisa da gaTanabrebis rekomendaciebs saqarTvelosa da kvlevaSi monawile sxva qveynebis Sedegebis Sedare biT analizze dayrdnobiT. Tanasworoba ganaTlebaSi: gamowvevebi da rekomendaciebi ganaTlebaSi Tanasworobis arsi da mniSvneloba ganaTlebaSi Tanasworoba gulisxmobs, rom bavSvs, mozardsa Tu axalgazrda adamians swavlisa da ganviTarebisaTvis Tanabari SesaZlebloba eZleva 55 NAEC.GE miuxedavad misi socialuri mdgomareobisa. bavSvs, romelic cxovrobs soflad, izrdeba xelmokle ojaxSi, aqvs specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWi roebebi an warmoadgens eTnikur Tu enobriv umciresobas, Tavisi SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad ganviTarebis saSualeba unda mieces. ganaTlebaSi Tanasworobas ara marto humanis turi mosazrebebis gamo uWeren mxars. Tanasworo bas Zlieri racionaluri safuZveli aqvs, romelic ekonomikis da, zogadad, sazogadoebrivi keTil dReobis zrdas ukavSirdeba. meoce saukunis meore naxevridan moyolebuli ekonomistebi da sociolo gebi am sakiTxs intensiurad ikvleven da cdilo ben gaaanalizon Tanasworobis mimarTeba adamianis cxovrebis xarisxTan, produqtiulobasTan, sazoga doebaSi integrirebis xarisxTan da ekonomikis zr dasTan. mTavari migneba aseTia _ rac ufro metia qveyanaSi maRali kompetenciebis, maRali samoqalaqo cnobierebisa da SemoqmedebiTad moazrovne adamian ebis wili, miT ufro maRalia zogadad sazogadoebis keTildReobis zrdis Sansi. aqedan gamomdinare, izrdeba mkvlevrebis, sazoga doebisa da politikosebis interesi ganaTlebis Tanabari xelmisawvdomobis, Tanabari warmatebis Sansisa da Tanabari ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebis sakiTxebis mimarT. amitom, garda moswavleTa sa Sualo miRwevebisa, saganmanaTleblo sistemis warmatebas zomavn imiTac, Tu ramdenad axerxebs igi socialuri niSniT gansxvavebuli moswavleebis sa ganmanaTleblo Sedegebis gaTanabrebas. ganaTlebaSi Tanasworobis sazomebi ganaTlebaSi Tanasworobas ori ZiriTadi sazomi aqvs: ganaTlebaze Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba da ganaTlebis Sedegebis Tanasworoba. ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomobaSi igulisxmeba skolamdel, saskolo da skolisSemdgom ganaTlebaSi CarTuli bavSvebis, mozardebisa da axalgazrdebis Tanabari wili, romlebic cxovroben sofelsa da qalaqSi, warmoadgenen SeZlebul da xelmokle ojaxebs, ekuTvnian sxvadasxva eTnikur umciresobas da a. S. ganaTlebis Sedegebi ufro rTulad gasazomia. dReisaTvis arsebuli saerTaSoriso Tu erovnuli Sefasebebi kognituri unarebiT (kiTxva, maTematika, mecnierebebi) Semoifargleba. Tumca es is unarebia, romlebic mniSvnelovanwilad prognozirebs bavSvisa da mozardis Semdegom warmatebas saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi da mis gareT. ganaTlebis Sedegebis Tanasworobis Sesafaseblad sxvadasxva socialuri Tu demografiuli (mSoblebis ganaTleba da saqmianoba, emigrantebi, aborigeni mosaxleoba, eTnikuri umciresobebi, dasaxlebis tipi) niSniT gansxvavebuli jgufebis Sedegebs adareben. gansxvavebebi moswavleTa miRwevebSi da maTi dinamika saqarTveloSi 2006, 2007, 2010 da 2011 wlebSi Catarebuli saer TaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebi moswavleTa 56 SedegebSi gansxvavebebs sxvadasxva indikatoris mixedviT gviCvenebs da Semdegi daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas gvaZlevs: • moswavleebi soflad, moswavleebi xelmokle ojaxebidan, moswavleebi naklebad ganaTlebuli mSoblebiT (sabazo an saSualo ganaTlebiT), saSualod ufro dabal Sedegebs aCveneben, vidre maTi Tanatolebi qalaqSi da ufro ganaTlebuli mSoblebiT (ix. naxati 1). aq mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswineba, Tu ramdenad dabalia aseTi mos wavleebis Sedegebi. magaliTisaTvis, 2010 wels Cata rebuli pizas kvlevis mixedviT, 15 wlis soflad mcxovrebi yoveli meore mozardis maTematikis unarebi imdenad dabalia, rom maTi Sedegebi ver akmayofilebs kvlevis instrumentiT Sefasebuli minimaluri safexuris moTxovnebsac ki. amave kvlevis mixedviT kiTxvis unaris yvelaze dabal dones soflad ver aRwevs 15 wlis moswavleebis 19%. • moswavleTa SedegebSi gansxvavebebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba socialur faqtorebs, izrdeba: PIRLS da TIMSS kvlevebis 2006 da 2007 wlebis Sedegebis 2011 wlis SedegebTan Sedareba gvaCvenebs, rom soflad moswavleTa Sedegebi uaresdeba an igive rCeba, qalaqSi ki _ umjobesdeba. imave tendencias vxedavT mSoblis ganaTlebisa da ojaxSi wignebis raodenobis mixedviT _ gansxvavebebi bavSvebis miRwevebs Soris mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. • ufro xelmokle moswavleebsa da moswavleebs soflad skolaSic ufro naklebi saganmanaTleblo resursi xvdebaT, vidre maT Tanatolebs SeZlebuli ojaxebidan qalaqis skolebSi. naxati 1: 15 wlis moswavleebis Sedegebi maTema tikaSi, kiTxvasa da bunebismetyvelebaSi dasaxlebis tipis, mSoblebis ganaTlebis, ojaxSi wignebis raode nobisa da skolis tipis mixedviT. maTematika kiTxva bunebismetyveleba kerZo skola qveynis saSualo sajaro skola orive mSobeli umaRlesi ganaTlebiT sofeli arcerTi mSobeli umaRlesi ganaTlebiT daba 201-500 wigni saxlSi patara qalaqi 0-10 wigni saxlSi qalaqi didi qalaqi msgavsi tendenciebi saerTaSoriso saganmanaT leblo kvlevebSi monawile bevr qveyanaSi dafiq sirda. sxvadasxva mizezis gamo (magaliTad, saganma naTleblo resursebi Sin), moswavleebi soflebSi, enobrivi an eTnikuri umciresobebidan, Raribi oja xebidan ufro dabal Sedegebs aCveneben, vidre maTi Tanatolebi qalaqebSi da SeZlebuli ojaxebidan. NAEC.GE magram gamoikveTa iseTi qveynebic, sadac, miuxedavad mosaxleobis SemosavlebSi arsebuli ma Rali uTanasworobisa, socio-ekonomikuri statu si da sacxovrebeli adgili sustad aisaxeba moswavlis miRwevebze. bolo wlebSi zogierT qveyanaSi mos wavleTa Soris gansxvavebebi mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba kidec. am niSniT warmatebuli qveynebis rigSi, garda maRali SedegebiT gamorCeuli saganmanaTleblo sistemebisa (fineTi, hong-kongi), gvxvdeba yofili sabWoTa da komunisturi qveynebic (poloneTi, estoneTi). naxati 2: saqarTveloSi mSoblis ganaTlebis mixed viT moswavleTa SedegebSi cvlileba 2006-2007 wle bidan 2011 wlamde 550 mama sabazo ganaTlebiT mama umaRlesi ganaTlebiT qveynis saSualo Sedegi 530 510 490 470 450 430 410 390 370 350 2007 2011 maTematika VIII klasi 2007 2011 2006 2011 mecnierebebi VIII klasi wigniereba IV klasi rekomendaciebi ra gamoarCevT warmatebul saganmanaTleblo sistemebs danarCenebisagan? saerTaSoriso saganma naT leblo kvlevebze dayrdnobiT mkvlevrebi ram denime rekomendacias gvTavazoben. zogierT maTgans aq mokled ganvixilavT. Semdgom nomrebSi am da sxva rekomendaciebze ufro dawvrilebiT vimsjelebT. ganaTlebis dafinansebis gazrda saqarTvelos ganaTlebis biujeti rekomendebul doneze1 orjer naklebia. ganaTlebis saxelmwifo xarjebiT saqarTvelo CamorCeba dabalSemosavliani qveynebis saSualo maCvenebelsac ki. ra Tqma unda, ganaTlebisaTvis gamoyofili saxelmiwofo xarjebi ar aris saganmanaTleblo sistemis warmatebis ganmsazRvreli erTaderTi faqtori; ufro meti fuli yovelTvis ufro karg Sedegs ar iZleva. magram arasakmarisi dafinanseba, rogorc wesi, aisaxeba saganmanaTleblo resursebis xarisxze _ maswavleblis xelfasze, skolaSi biblioTekebze, saxelmZRvaneloebis xelmisawvdomobaze, skolis infrastruqturaze. saganmanaTleblo resursebis dabali xarisxi 1 UNESCO and CONFINTEA VI, Harnessing the Power and Potential of Adult Learning and Education for a Viable Future: Belem Framework for Action, para. 14a, gv.5: www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/INSTITUTES/ UIL/confintea/pdf/working_documents/ Belém%20Framework_Final.pdf yvelaze negatiurad mowyvlad jgufebze aisaxeba, radgan maT formaluri saganmanaTleblo sistemis gareT resursebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba SezRuduli aqvT. magaliTad, moswavles xelmokle ojaxSi naklebi wigni aqvs; mSoblebs ar aqvT repetitorebis daqiravebis SesaZlebloba; rogorc wesi, xelmokle ojaxebSi ojaxis wevrebs ar SeuZliaT bavSvisaTvis swavlaSi daxmarebis gaweva. finansuri resursebis gonivruli ganawileba rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, dafinansebis mocu loba ar aris ganaTlebis sistemis warmatebis gan msazRvreli yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtori. aranakleb mniSvnelovania finansuri resursebis gonivruli ganawileba. magaliTad, roca arCevani klasis zomis gazrdasa da maswavleblis xelfasis gazrdas Soris dgas, maswavleblis xelfasis gazrda, rogorc warmatebuli qveynebis gamocdileba gvkarnaxobs, ukeTes Sedegze gagviyvans. klasis zoma: Tu klasis zomasa da maswavleblis xelfass SedarebiT WrilSi ganvixilavT, vnaxavT, rom saqarTveloSi Zalian dabalia klasis zoma da maswavleblis xelfasi. saqarTveloSi klasSi saSualod 19 moswavlea (TbilisSi saSualod 22, soflad _ 15). moswavleebis 13% swavlobs klasSi, sadac 10-ze naklebi moswavlea da moswavleebis igive wili swavlobs klasSi, sadac 25-ze meti moswavlea. danarCeni 74% swavlobs klasSi, sadac 11-dan 25-mde bavSvia. am maCvenebliT saqarTvelos sxva qveynebs Tu SevadarebT, vnaxavT, rom igive maCvenebeli aqvs fineTs. saSualod klasSi moswavleebis raodenobis mixedviT ganviTarebuli da post sabWoTa qveynebis udides nawilze dabali maCvnebeli gvaqvs. maswavleblis xelfasi: saqarTveloSi maswav leb lis xelfasi fineTisas rom gauswordes, 10 wel ze meti gamocdilebisa da yvelaze dabali ganaTlebis xarisxis mqone maswavleblis xelfasi 57 NAEC.GE saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi warmatebis Sanss. magram baRSi siaruli yovelTvis ar aris produqtiuli. mniSvnelovani aq skolamdeli ganaTlebis xarisxia. klasSi datoveba da klasebSi moswavleTa Se saZleblobebis mixedviT dajgufeba uaryofiTad aisaxeba mTlianad sistemis Sedegebze. aseTi praq tikis Sedegebi gansakuTrebiT dramatulia mow yvladi jgufebisaTvis, radgan, rogorc wesi, akademiuri CamorCenis riski maRali im bavSvebSia, romlebsac ojaxidan sakmarisi mxardaWera ar aqvT. maRali miRwevebis mqone qveynebSi moswavleebis monitoringi adreuli asakidanve iwyeba da swav laSi sirTuleebis aRmoCenisas am sirTuleebis aRmosafxvrelad skola iRebs pasuxismgeblobas. am TvalsazrisiT gamorCeulia fineTi, sadac Sedegebis gasaumjobeseblad dawyebiT da sabazo safexurebze moswavleTa TiTqmis naxevars uweven sxvadasxva tipis damatebiT daxmarebas. 2012 wels 560 lari unda yofiliyo. saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi maRali Sedegebis mqone sxva qveynebSi maswavleblis xelfasi kidev ufro maRalia. maswavlebeleTa xelfasi gansakuTrebiT maRalia samxreT aziis im qveynebSi, romlebmac Zalian swrafad gazardes Sedegebi da saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebis reitingebis saTaveebSi moeqcnen. hong kongs, singapursa da koreas Tu SevadarebT, maswavleblis xelfasi2 saqarTveloSi hong kongeli maswavleblis xelfass rom gauswordes _ 1133 lari, singapurelisas _ 800 lari da koreelisas rom gauTanabrdes _ 973 lari unda iyos. saganmanaTleblo resursebis Tanabrad ganawileba sistemaSi moswavleebs Soris resursebis ganawilebis mixedviT qveynebi sam jgufad iyofian: (1) qveynebi, sadac resursebi araTanabradaa ganawilebuli ise, rom ufro xelmokle ojaxebidan bavSvebs da/an bavSvebs soflad ufro naklebi resursi ergebaT. saqarTvelo aseTi qveynebis jgufs miekuTvneba; (2) qveynebi, sadac resursebi Tanabrad nawildeba ise, rom sxvadasxva saWiroebis mqone bavSvebs erTi da igive raodenobisa da xarisxis resursi ergebaT; (3) qveynebi, sadac ufro meti saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone (xelmokle, soflis, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis) bavSvebze ufro meti ixarjeba danaklisis sakompensaciod. warmatebul qveynebSi swored es ukanaskneli midgomaa gavrcelebuli. dabali miRwevebis adreuli prevencia rogorc 2011 wels saqarTveloSi Catarebuli saskolo mzaobis kvleva gviCvenebs, saskolo mzaoba gansakuTrebiT dabalia im bavSvebSi, romlebic soflad cxovroben. saskolo mzaoba aseve gansxvavdeba dedis ganaTlebis donis mixedviT. xarisxian skolamdel ganaTlebaze xelmisaw vdomoba mniSvnelovnad gazrdis mowyvladi jgufebis 2 SedarebisaTvis yvelaze dabali akademiuri xarisxisa da 10 welze meti gamocdilebis mqone maswavleblis xelfass viyenebT. 58 mimzidveli alternatiuli arxebis Seqmna da Cixebis aRmofxvra 2010 wels saqarTveloSi, wina wlebTan SedarebiT, 300%-iT gaizarda sabazo da saSualo safexuridan skolis mitovebis maCvenebeli. dabali miRwevebis mqone moswavleebis skolidan garicxva skolas saqmes uadvilebs. magram am moswavleebis didi nawili aRar brundeba saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi, skolas Semdgomi profesiuli warmatebisaTvis saWiro sa bazo unarebis gareSe tovebs da arakvalificiuri muSaxelis rigebs uerTdeba. am problemis sapasuxod ori zomis gatareba SeiZleba: (1) saSualo safexurze xarisxiani pro fesiuli saganmanaTleblo arxebis Seqmna da (2) profesiuli mimarTulebidan akademiur mimar Tu lebaze gadasvlisas barierebis Semcireba ise, rom moswavlis mier erTxel gakeTebulma aras worma arCevanma samudamod ar mouspos Semdgomi profesiuli ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba. statiebi Semdeg nomrebSi: • ganaTlebis dafinansebis moculoba, ganawileba, klasis zoma da maswavleblis xelfasi; • moswavleTa diferenciaciis gavlena moswavleTa da sistemis saSualo Sedegebze; • skolis avtonomiuroba da skolis Sefaseba; • skolamdel ganaTlebaSi CarTuloba gavlena moswavleTa miRwevebze; da misi • kompiuterze xelmisawvdomoba ojaxsa da skolaSi da misi gavlena moswavleTa Sedegebze. `Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris~ kvlevis jgufi goga Canadiris fotoebi NAEC.GE 59 NAEC.GE qarTuli sabrZolo xelovneba Cveni winaprebis qarqaSi xSirad carieli iyo, radgan gamudmebuli omebis dros xmali xelSi unda gWeroda, amitom sabrZolo ileTebis codna aucileblobas warmoadgenda, raTa dagecva mSobli uri miwa-wyali, ojaxi da sakuTari sicocxle. xridoli qarTuli sabrZolo xelovnebaa, romlis wesebSic asaxulia qarTvelebis istoria. saukuneebis manZilze Cveni winaprebi swored aseTi ileTebiT igeriebdnen mters. 60 xridolis ganmarteba Setanilia i. griSaSvilis „qalaqur leqsikonSi“: „xridoli, xridoni _ krivi cali xeliT, varjiSi erTi xeliT. erTi xeli qamarSi aqvT garWobili da meoreTi varjiSoben _ hkrivoben“. xridoli erTgvari ostatobis maCvenebeli iyo, radgan brZolaSi gamomwvevi cali xeliT ebrZoda orive xeliT moCxubar metoqes. im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu cali xeliT mebrZols gauWirdeboda da metoqe daCagravda, is mainc ar arRvevda xridolis wesebs da isev cali xeliT agrZelebda brZolas. qarTuli sabrZolo xelovnebis ileTebis aTvi sebas hqonda rogorc sportuli, aseve fsiqo logiuri da aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvneloba. Cveni meb rZoli winaprebisaTvis qarTuli sabrZolo xe lov neba iyo cxovrebis wesi, romelic aviTarebda iseT unarebs, romlebic saWiro iyo eris gadarCenisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. rogor movida xridoli Cvenamde? ra adgili uWiravs Tanamedrove qarTveli adamianis cxovrebaSi winaparTa am tradicias? am sakiTxebze gvesaubreba „xridolis akademia _ jansaRi axalgazrdobis“ prezidenti, daviT gulbani. NAEC.GE _ ra roli eniWeboda bavSvTa aRzrdaSi qarTul sabrZolo xelovnebas? _ saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli iyo aRzrdis sxvadasxva wes-Cveulebani kuTxeebis mixedviT. didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda imas, rom bavSvi adreuli asakidan SeCveoda gambedaobas, amtanobas, moqnilobas, sisxartes da yofiliyo elastiuri. Tavidan aCvevdnen TamaSobebiT da yvela is TamaSi, romlebiTac erTobodnen qarTveli bavSvebi, Seicavda adamianis gansaviTarebel elementebs, raTa gaWirvebis Jams gamoeyenebinaT. gogonebi da vaJebi bavSvobaSi erTad TamaSobdnen. asakis matebasTan erTad xdeboda gayofa: gogonebi TamaSobdnen dedobanas, saxlobanas, raTa gamoemuSavebinaT is unarebi, romlebic dasWirdebodaT saojaxo saqmeebSi. vaJebi ki ufro rTuli ileTebis aTvisebas agrZelebdnen, rac gamoixateboda Subis tyorcnaSi, xanjlis gamoyenebasa da WidaobaSi. es yvelaferi mniSvnelovani iyo imisaTvis, rom vaJebi mtkice, mdgradi xasiaTisani Camoyalibebuliyvnen, yofiliyvnen maRali zneobis, uSiSarni, sxartni da gonebamaxvilni. TamaSobebis meSveobiT bavSvs miewodeboda misi asakis fsiqikisaTvis saWiro unarebi, radgan mozardi yvelaze martivad iTvisebs Cvevebs TamaSebiT. aseve zRaprebis meSveobiT aswavlidnen iseT sakiTxebs, romlebic maTi winaprebis tradiciebs Rirseulad gaagrZelebda, aseve samarTlian, erTgul da keTil adamianebad Camoyalibebas Seuwyobda xels. bavSvi RrubeliviT isrutavs aseTi saxiT informacias da xels uwyobs maT ganviTarebasa da codnis amRlebas. _ Tanamedrove pirobebSi rogor xdeba am ileTebis Seswavla, unarebis gamomuSaveba, aqvs Tu ara igive aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia, rogorc winaT da romeli literaturiT sargeblobT? _ literatura ar gvaqvs, SeiZleba iyo wignebi da daikarga dampyroblebis Semosevebis dros, radgan mteri yovelTvis sulieri Rirebulebebis amoZirkvas cdilobda, amitomac am sakiTxs wlebis manZilze tabu edo jer mefis ruseTis, Semdeg sabWoTa periodSi. Zvel droSi rac ar unda ganaTlebuli yofiliyavi, sabrZolo strategiis daufleba saWiro, metic, gadamwyveti iyo, Torem ver gadarCebodi, radgan gamudmebiT omebSi monawileobda qveyana. moZiebul masalebze dayrdnobiT dRes mimdinareobs am unikaluri sabrZolo xelovnebis Seswavla. akademiaSi gvyavs bavSvebi 5 wlis asakidan, varjiSebi locviT iwyeba da sruldeba, mogexsenebaT, wminda giorgi aris qarTvel mebrZolTa mfarveli. vcdilobT zedmiwevniT davicvaT qarTuli sab rZolo xelovnebis wesebi. Teoriuli masalis damuSavebaa saWiroa, riTic, vfiqrob, saxelmwifoc metad unda dainteresdes. kargi iqneba tradiciebis SenarCunebaze saxelmwifoc Tu izrunebs. mo gexsenebaT, am dargSi iyo wyveta da uzrmazari informacia ukvalod daikarga. mainc moxerxda sakmaod mravalferovani, saintereso da efeqturi saxeobebis gamovlena. _ rogor moxerxda da ramdenad mniSvnelovania qarTveli axalgazrdebis xridoliT daintereseba? _ didi wvlili miuZRvis kaxa zarnaZes qarTuli sabrZolo xelovnebis masalebis moZiebasa da da muSavebaSi. man Seagrova ramdenime aTeuli sabrZo lo saxeoba, romlebic rogorc iaraRis gamoyenebiT, aseve uiaraRod brZolas gulisxmobs. sabrZolo xe lovnebis daufleba saWiroa. qarTul tradiciebsa da qarTul fesvebs ar unda movwydeT. Cveni winapre bis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli iyo is, rom qarTveli mebrZoli iyo uSiSari, amtani, gasaWirSi erTmaneTis gverdSi mdgomi, sakuTari da moyvasis Rirsebis damcveli, rac qarTuli sabrZolo xe lovnebis flobis xarjze xdeboda. saeWvoa igive un arebi ganuviTardes mozards, romelic kompiuter zea mijaWvuli, radgan mniSvnelovania, metic, valia, STamomavlobam gaiziaros aRzrdis unikaluri, aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi dagrovili da praq tikaSi gamocdili meTodi, tradiciebi da ubralod cxovrebis wesi, rom „globalizebul samyaroSi“ SeinarCunos Rirseuli adgili. nana izoria giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi 61 NAEC.GE roca maswavlebeli genatreba Cveni Taoba ufro „romantikiosi“ iyo, am sity vis pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT. SeiZle ba imitom, rom ar gvqonda pesimizmis ufleba, amaze „cudSi“ sadRa unda gvecxovra? unda vyofiliyaviT optimistebi da isRa dagvrCenoda gveocneba, rom 90-ian wlebSi damwvari Tbilisis centraluri ubani isev ganaxldeboda, deni ar Caqreboda, bevri da kar gi tkbileuli gveqneboda da mSoblebis moyolilis mixedviT, Cvenc movuSvebdiT onkans da erT dResac, iqidan Tbili wyali wamovidoda. Cemi skola mainc ar momwonda miuxedavad imisa, rom axali aSenebuli iyo, hqonda didi ezo, kargi 62 sportuli darbazi da sufTa saklaso oTaxebi Se darebiT „Tanamedrove“ inventariT. qveyanaSi gan viTarebuli movlenebi masSic aRwevda da raRac nairad sevdiani da mowyenili interieri hqonda. erTaderTi „wmindaTa-wminda“ adgili iyo samaswav leblo. Cven iq Sesvla gvekrZaleboda, rac am oTaxs idumalebas matebda, mniSvnelovnebas ki is, rom iq Cemi maswavleblebi Sediodnen da ar arsebobda maTze ufro avtoritetuli ufrosi moswavleebi saTvis. maswavleblebi Cvens warmodgenaSi iyvnen: yvelaze simpaTiurebi, mowesrigebulebi, ganaTle bulebi da saerTod idealurebi. ase vfiqrobdiT, magram, ra Tqma unda, vabrazebdiT maT. am situa ciebs ZiriTadad Cemi klaseli aCiko „agvarebda“. „Cumaaaaad!“ _ daiyvirebda Zalian xmamaRla da mar Tla gvaCumebda. raRacnairi biWi iyo, vemorCile bodiT. Cvens TaobaSi skolas hyavda erTi-ori mis nairi „avtoriteti“. erTxelac avwuwundiT: _ ras gvaCumeb, Tavi gagvanebeo! da iciT ra Tqva?!. „xom xedavT: transporti ar dadis, xelfasebi ar rig deba, am yinvaSi enTuziazmze modian adamianebi, rom Cven gaunaTleblebi ar davrCeT da ra gWirT, Cu mad mainc isxediTo“. im dRes ki Segvrcxva da gasu sulebi vusmendiT maswavleblebs, mere dagvaviwyda, ra Tqma unda, aCikos naTqvami, romelsac arc CanTa dahqonda skolaSi, arc wigni da arc rame sakancel ario nivTi da mainc yovelTvis icoda gakveTili, NAEC.GE Tu maswavlebeli aiZulebda mis moyolas an daweras. rac ar unda ucnaurad mogeCvenoT, am atributebis tareba cota „gamosuli“ biWebisaTvis cud tonad iTvleboda. sinamdvileSi es yvelaferi sabWoTa periodis aw ukve logikas moklebuli gadmonaSTi iyo, romelic post sabWoTa dros „kai biWebs“ mem kvidreobasaviT darCaT. Cevni babuebi skolaSi da diodnen mouwesrigeblebi protestis niSnad, isini ar cnobdnen sabWoTa ganaTlebas, sabWoTa Rireb ulebebs da patara asakidanve rogorc SeeZloT, ise ucxadebdnen reJims protests. magaliTad, zogier Ti maTgani ar atarebda wiTeli feris tansacmels da nivTebs, zogi pomidorsac ar Wamda, radgan dro Sis Seferilobis gamo is reJimTan asocirdeboda. samagierod „im“ Taobidan ar gadmogvyva yvelaze mTavari: akrZaluli literaturis siyvaruli. al baT imitom, rom is 90-ian wlebSi akrZaluli aRar iyo, magram gaCnda Zalian bevri pirveli gamocema. am gamocemebis SeZena ki namdvilad erTgvar modur tendenciad iqca da Tan imdenad, rom, magaliTad, Tavisuflebis metros win, raRac periodSi, iyide boda bhagavat gita _ didi, feradi da lamazi wigni da xalxi mis SesaZenad midioda mxolod imitom, rom biblioTekisaTvis kidev erTi feradi da lamazi ga mocema Seematebina. es wignebi umravlesobam maSin gadayara, roca saqarTveloSi iaRovas mimdevrebi gaCndnen da aseve mSvenieri literaturis darigebas ufasod Seudgnen. yvelaze sensaciuri ki CemTvis da Cemi klaselebi saTvis germanulis pedagogi, frankfurtidan Camo yvanili katrini iyo. 1997 wels katrinis klasSi Se mosvlam Zalian imoqmeda me-10 klasel mozardebze. es iyo pirveli Sexeba ucxoeTTan. katrinma gansxvave bul garegnobasTan erTad Semoitana gansxvavebuli manerebi, qcevis wesebi, gansxvavebuli disciplina da gakveTilis Catarebis meTodi. „kargaqcentiani“ germanuli enis garda yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac man gvaswavla, RimiliT saubari iyo. gakveTilis moyolas gagawyvetinebda, mogiaxlovdeboda, tuCis kideebs agiwevda da aseve Rimiliani saxiT getyoda: Bitte lache! ramdenjerac dagaviwydeboda moyolis dros gaRimeba, imdenjer gagawyvetinebda Txrobas 63 NAEC.GE da tuCis awevis proceduras gaimeorebda. ase rom, gagvimarTla _ im iavarqmnil dros „sazogadoe basTan urTierTobis“ xelovnebasac ki maswavlidnen skolaSi. am gamocdilebis gamo me da Cems klaselebs yvelaze metad gagvexarda 2010 wels saxelmwifom rom gadawyvita 1000 inglisurenovani pedagogis Ca moyvana saqarTveloSi da kidev is, saskolo olimpia daSi gamarjvebuli aTasi lariT rom jildovdeba. Cven jer Tabaxis Tanxa unda gadagvexada da mere vi wyebdiT weras gayinul da uSno saklaso oTaxebSi. albaT yvelaze metad dawyebiTi klasebis peda gogi amaxsovrdeba bavSvs, SeiZleba garegnulad bundovnad, magram misgan wamosuli emocia, misiT gamowveuli SegrZnebebi dauviwyaria. roca q-ni dea gvalia dagvemSvidoba mesameklaselbs da sxva rome liRaca dawyebiTi klasis pedagogi gaxda, me didi xnis ganmavlobaSi vinaxavdi mis samaxsovro werils, romliTac ubralod warmatebebi misurva. maSin es CemTvis iyo ulamazesi kaligrafiiT Sesrulebu li, umniSvnelovanesi dokumenti, romlis Sinaar sis mixedviT me kargi gogo viyavi da aseTad unda davrCeniliyavi. raRac periodi am werilisa da misi avtoris gamo vcdilobdi meswavla kargad. mere es procesi inerciiT wavida da dRes Zalian minda isev sadme vnaxo Cemi pirveli maswavlebeli da „gadava mowmo Tavi“ _ gavizarde Tu ara iseTi, rogoric mas egona, gavamarTle Tu ara misi imedebi. ase mgonia, 64 zurgidanac rom davinaxo sadme, vicnob da Cavexute bi, rom odesRac, Rrma bavSvobidan damaxsovrebuli misi siTbo davibruno. ocda raRaca weli gavida da me mainc maxsovs misi yvela nakvTi da manera, sinaze da siyvaruli. zogjer vfiqrob, sertificirebisas pedagogis es Tvisebebic rom gakontroldes, ra kar gi iqneba! maSin yvela adamiani Cemnairi aRtacebiT gaixsenebs Tavis „bavSvobas skolaSi“. amaswinad Cems ZvelTaZvel dRiurSi amovikiTxe fraza: „dea masw, mamam Cems naxats daxeda da miTxra: _ ra lamazi angelozi dagixatavso? angelozi ar iyo, me Tqven dagxateT“. qeTi kvitatiani giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi NAEC.GE `sabas~ laureati literaturuli konkursis „sabas“ laureati `Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris~ TanamSromeli marina elbaqiZe gaxda nominaciaSi - wlis saukeTeso prozauli debiuti. avtoris sadebiuto krebuli xuTi moTxrobisagan Sedgeba. moTxrobebis nawili sxvadasxva dros literaturul periodikaSi daibeWda. gacvla _ amis dedac... _ wixlic miayola, loyaze da curebuli oflis wveTebi xelis zurgiT aiwminda da manqanis kapoti braziT daaxeTqa. mazuTiT gazinTuli xelisgulebi sajdomze Camoisva, _ dRes araferi aRar eSveleba, saerTod Tu eSvela. sergom gogis Tvalebs mzera aawyvita da danjRreul viliss daaduRa. _ iqneb... _ azris gamoTqma scada gogim. _ ukve bneldeba, azri aRara aqvs, dRes mainc ver wavalT. sibneleSi an isini gagvagoreben, an eseni. _ gadawyvetilebas iRebs paata. gogis imediani `iqneb~is sapasuxod paatas daskvna ergo: _ xval! sul is iRebs gadawyvetilebas. sergo mxolod mZRolia. TviTon? mokled, paata mTavaria. da rac mTavaria, ra edardeba?! mis wvintlian, fafiT gamomZRar Svilebs axla tkbilad sZinavT, qveS Casvelebasac moaswrebdnen. gogis biWi ki... oRond axla ipovos, oRond axla... da mere!.. ras izams mere? Svilis sigrZe sanTels daunTebs RmerTs Tu darajad ivlis mis fexdafex... ar icis, jer ar icis, amaze ar ufiqria, magram oRond axla apovnina, oRond cocxali... am fiqrs gaeqca, daemala sityva `sikvdils~. zRvaze CavideT, vibanaoT, mere eqimebTan avideT, rames gvaWmeven da cota adamianurad daviZinebTo. isev is wyvets, isev paata ugegmavs cxovrebas. misi Svilis bedic am nabiWvris xelSia. magis dedac! mainc mihyveba sanapiroze paatas da sergos, mxardamxar ara, ramdenime nabijiT ukan. esmis, win mimavali paata xval eqvs saaTze adgomas gegmavs; manqanas dResve iSovis, uars ar etyvian. namdvilad iSovis, magram am Rames ra gaaTenebs. ori Ramea, ar uZinia. ra daaZinebs, cotas CaTvlems da mere elodeba ganTiads, fiqris nakads damorCilebuli. mzes gaxeda _ Cadis, namdvilad Cadis, esec nabiWvari!.. horizonts Seexo. da axla zRva, Camavali wiTeli mziT, maZRari wiTliT da mkveTri konturebiT, iaffasian naxts hgavs. ukan mihyveba, paatas mxardamxar siaruli ar unda, magram sam nabijze metad ar Sordeba, TiTqos uxilavi mokle jaWviT dabmuli ZaRlia. is da misi biWi axla paataze arian mibmuli, im adamianze, sami dRis win rom naxa pirvelad da misi cxovrebis nawilad iqca, misi bedis ganmsazRvrelad. sami dRea, ar moSorebia, sami usasrulo dRe da roca yvelaferi TiTqos gasrulda, axla isev! kidev! kidev erTi Rame! ra gaaTenebs... qviSiT da feradi kenWebiT moxatuli sanapiro lamaz sareklamo fotos hgavs. qviSaSi Cajda, Tbilia, jer ar ganelebia mzis siTbo. SiSveli fexebi qviSis qveS moaqcia, nestiani sigrile esiamovna. paata ixdis, wyalSi Cadio, mxarze xeli dahkra. misi TanagrZnoba da mzrunveloba fexebze hkidia... da mainc guli uCuydeba. ra mouvida am sam dReSi, xan qvavdeba, xan ubralo Semoxedvaze, Sexebaze SeiZleba atirdes. `magdanas lurja~ an `bembi~ rom naxos axla, cxare cremlebad daiRvreba albaT, rogorc bavSvobaSi. _ Tqven ibanaveT, me eqimebTan waval. _ ambobs da ar dgeba. eqimebTan wava, iq arCilia mTavari, mamami sis megobari. arCils daelaparakeba, marto paatas ki ar SeuZlia manqanis Sovna. magram iq wasvlac aRar unda. arCili, vikingiviT SemarTuli, wverebiani goliaTi, dRes zRarbiviT mobuzuli ijda. misi axalgazrda qirurgebidan erTs Wurvis natexi moxvda TavSi da iqve gaafrTxobina suli. diliT saoperacioSi esvenaT da ra vuTxra amis mSoblebso, mobuzuli, gogis ekiTxeboda. gogis?! maSin pirvelad aRiara Tavisi SiSi sakuTar TavTan daufaravd, Riad _ cocxalia Cemi Svili? paatam Tqva, cocxaliao da daijera. icis, paata ar moatyuebs, yalbi gamxneveba ar icis, sastiki da daundobelia. sastiki? es mSvidobis mtredi? ra unda, ras akeTebs aq? fuls ar iRebs, ise, uangarod Seyo Tavi am jojoxeTSi. uangarod? fuls Tu ar iRebs _ karieras ikeTebs! ra karieras, vin icis, ra iqneba xval, an dRes, an rodis miafurTxeben magis mSvido bis TeTr Cvars da pirvel gasrolas sakontrolosac miayoleben. ra jandaba unda, wavides saxlSi, uambos sam wvintlian Svils zRapari, Caugordes cols loginSi da kidev erTi bavSvi gaakeTos, janmrTeli da jiSiani. ras agdia am sagiJeTSi Tavisi nebiT? gaxeda _ saSualo simaRlis, dakunTuli, qoni jer ar dasdebia. daedeba, TbilisSi rom dabrundeba, am koleqtiur SizofreniaSi ara, sadme keTilmowyobil kabinetSi. esec mojdeba keTildReobis Tbilisur sazomSi, Tbilisur standartSi _ Ripi, manqana, coli da sayvareli. es mere iqneba, an arc iqneba, Tu marTla ideini mastia. paataze aTiode wliT ufrosia da lamis bavSviviT aris mis simSvides Sefarebuli. ra mniSvneloba aqvs aT wels an ocs... aq, am sagiJeTSi, Torem.. TbilisSi rom Sexvedroda!.. 65 NAEC.GE qviSaze dawva, esamovna Tbil-agrilebul silaze beWebis gaSla. TavisTvis agdia. mzis darRveul diskos gaxeda, ukve ferebad daRvrils, zRvaSi naxevrad CayvinTuls. tirili mounda da arc etireba, yvirili mounda, Rriali da verc eyvireba. ra gaaTenebs am Rames, rodis amova mze, dReebad, saaTebad, wuTebad, wlebad rom anawilebs mis sicocxles? cota xans egdeba, mere ava, manqanas iSovis da TviTon wava. vin aris es nabiWvari paata, magis dedac.. Saise! erTi saaTis gzac ar aris, fexiT wava. amaT ra edardebaT. ratom gadado paatam xvalisTvis, ratom dRes ar midian? xom icis, rom viRac biWi gamoiyvanes iqiTa mxridan... aba, misi Svili iyos! ras erCis, misi Svilebi pampersebiT darbian da jer omobanas TamaSic ki ar ician. acofebs paatas mSvidi `diliT gavalT da gavi gebT~, lamis sifaTSi gauqanos. arada, xom unda iyos viRaca am sayovelTao siSlegeSi mSvidi, garegnulad mainc gawonasworebuli, Tundac cinikurad. zRvas gaxeda, ufro paatas. sad jandabaSi gacura, axla rom dabombon... paataze zrunavs Tu Tavis Tavze? paatas sococxlezea axla misi Svilis sicocxlec mibmuli. paata Ronivrad usvams xelebs, micuravs, mi curavs... aseTive Ronieri, Zlieri nabijebiT mi uyveboda guSin romeliRac soflis Sragzas, mxarze bostnidan amoZrobili sari hqonda gadebuli, zed TeTri naWris nakuwi, abreSumis TeTri perangis nagleji, Tu raRac amdagvari... mSvidobis TeTri droSa! cariel Saragzas miuyvebodnen, ucxod ukacriels... da maSin ikiTxa gogim, viTom mSvidad, viTom sxvaTa Soris: _ SeiZleba, gvesrolon? _ wesiT, ar unda gvesrolon, gafrTxilebuli arian. ise, yvelaferi SeiZleba. gaixede marjvniv, zeviT, maRal xeebSi snaiperi zis. gogis kiseri gauSeSda, Tavis mitrialebis ki ara, Tvalebis daxamxamebis unaric dakarga. fexebic TavisiT midiodnen, TiTqos misi ar iyvnen, erTiori, erTi-or... jobia, baRebiT wavideTo, gaifiqra. undoda, paatas meore mxridan amosdgomoda, snaiperis mzeras paatas dakunTul mxrebs ukan mimalvoda. imwuTas imdeni Wkua mainc eyo, mimxvdariyo _ es ar uSvelida. Tanac paataze erTi TaviT maRalia. axla uxaria, mTlad rom ar waxda, ar Caisvara da paatas mxardamxar gaagrZela nabijis Tvla: _ erTi, ori, erTi... is ki mainc dascda, baRebiT wavideTo. maSin ki garantirebulia kolofis gaxvreta. ra kolofis, ver xvdeba kisergaSeSebuli gogi. Tavis kolofis, gaecina paatas. gacinebac rom SeuZlia?! iaraRsac ar atarebs, mSvidobis mtredi, am TeTri Cvris imedi aqvs?! me saomrad ara var aq, dauzusta paatam, Sen miT umetes da iaraRi arc giSveliso. iaraRi ar sWirdeba, ho, paata ar omobs, gacvlaze muSobs. cvlis cocxlebs da micvalebulebs cocxlebze da micvalebulebze. barteruli gacvla! xan vaWroben, angariSoben, atoleben, ramdeni micvalebuli ramden micvalebuls an cocxals udris, xan ara. dRes ori afxazi (cocxali!) unda gaecvalaT mis biWSi, kidev or cocxalSi da kidev gadmoesvenebinaT TerTmeti daRupuli. micvalebulebi gadmoasvenes, misi Svili 66 ki, da kidev is ori, sadRac gaqrnen. rogor Txrida dRes saflavs?! panaSvidebze micvalebuls amxela kaci dResac Tvals aridebs da saflavi gaTxara. rogor Txrida?! TavdaviwyebiT! ho, TavdaviwyebiT, lamis bednieri imiT, rom es misi Svilis samarxi ar iyo. sul samni iyvnen, paata da gogi Txridnen, damarxulebidan erT-erTis mama iqve ijda, ufro ido miwaze da gogis eSinoda, isic iqve ar Semateboda cxedrebs. ar unda wamoeyvanaT, magram TviTon daiJina. sakuTari Svilis gaxrwnili, aqoTebuli gvamis amoRebas ver gauZlebso, fiqrobda gogi. ratomRac hgonia, danarCeni mamebi, mSoblebi, TeTr elvaSesakravian tomaraSi SefuTul neSts ufro moineleben, vidre es kaci _ Svilis saflavis gaTxras. paatas aseTi ukve ramdenime aqvs gaTxrili. ra aTxrevinebs, ra aZinebs Rame?! Tan rogor Rrmad sZinavs, rogor mSvidad fSvinavs, sizmrebsac ki ar xedavs, koSmarebze arc aris laparaki. ho, TavdaviwyebiT Txrida gogi, Seusveneblad. pirvelad maSin SeCerda buzebis zuzunma mkveTrad rom imata da sunma, ucnaurma sunma... isev sityvis SeeSinda _ `leSi~, `gvami~. SeCerda, icoda, bari axla raRacas wamoedeboda... miwa rbili iyo, rbili da fxvieri. mkerdidan muclisaken raRac marwuxma daqaCa, Sercxva iqve migdebuli Svilmkvdari mamis, imaTi, miwaSi rom iyvnen erTmaneTze miwyobili da bariT unda amoeRo. axla aq, sanapiroze, aRarc paatasi erideba da aRarc sakuTari Tavis. laCrobaa, am sagiJeTSi dafrTxe, atirde an sakuTari Tavi da adamianis modgma gZuldes? moikunta, sxeuli daumZimda, SigniT raRac Caekira mZimed, sulSi, TavSi... sami dRis win ra hqonda am TavSi? erTi kviris win, scenaze rom idga da tkbeboda taSiT, sakuTari didebiT da im ori carieli skamiT darbazSi? ratom hgonia, rom is ijda im skamze? guliT grZnobda, sxeuliT da suliT. isev imas, im qals miawyda fiqri. ho, mTeli sxeuliT SeigrZnobs, lamis xedavs, eli zis mis gverdiT qviSaze. Tavi mis kalTaSi Cado da gairinda. es dReebi gamudmebiT masze fiqrobs. mTeli cxovreba fiqrobs, magram raRac sxvadasxvagvarad, wyvetilad, axla ki aRar scildeba es survili _ Seexos, misi xelebis siTbo igZnos. es bolo xanebi sul elize fiqrobs, namdvilad halucinaciebi aqvs, xan xma esmis, xan eCveneba, rom Tvali mohkra. aq, am sagiJeTSic, warsulis qeqvas Tavs ar anebebs _ Tu ar fiqrobs, rogorRac grZnobs, TiTqos sadRac iqvea. ra mounelebeli danakargia aseTi elene, eli, ratom ver moiwyvita da ver moswyda? iqneb elize fiqrSi sxva fiqrs emaleba _ biWze. kargi, biWze ifiqrebs, oRond mis bavSvobaze. wkap! da gogim drois manqanis ekrani _ mexsiereba _ Teqvsmetiode wliT ukan gadarTo. aq kadrebi yvelaze mkafioa, aq bednieric ki iyo. did ekranze uyurebs sakuTar Tavs. sZinavs, raRac Tbili, webovani Sexeba aRviZebs. mkerdze rva Tvis titlikana Svili awevs. bavSvi xelebiT eyrdnoba mis mkerds, mere xels saxeze utyapunebs, Tavs ver ikavebs da dadorblili tuCebiT mamis kiserSi emxoba. rbil adgils eZebs, tuCebSi iqcevs, rogorc ZuZus. jer ar uWamia, xvdeba gogi da am ucnaur Ritins iTmens. NAEC.GE es yvelaze gulis amaCuyebeli ojaxuri kadria misi mogonebebis kinoTekaSi. qeTi sawolze muxlmoyrili zis da icinis. ho, maSin bednieri iyo, qeTic ki uyvarda, ise bunebrivad da gulwrfelad iyo ganazebuli. kargi dedaa, verafers usayvedurebs. sxvas _ aTas rames, magram amas vera. cdilobda qeTi, bavSvis TvalisTvis moeridebina qmarTan jijRini da Cxubi. mere, sul rom auries, biWis dasanaxad mainc `Wirime-genacvaleTi~ elaparakeboda gogis. magram biWi Wkviani da fiqriani gaizarda, yvelafers kargad xvdeboda, TviTonac daiRalnen gaRimebuli niRbebis miRma moTuxTuxe boRmis malviT. neta ras fiqrobda mSoblebze biWi? viTom megobrobdnen, magram amaze arasodes ulaparakiaT. isev Tavis ekrans miubrunda, filmi imave kadridan gaagrZela: bavSvma Tavi aswia, TvalebSi Caxeda da gairinda. gogis fiqrobda, Svilis yuradReba misma saxem miipyro, moulodnelad igrZno, patara Tbilma nakadulma gadaurbina mkerdidan yelze. _ damafsi?! lamis isev gaimeoros maSindeliviT, sunsac ki grZnobs axla, Cvilis fisebis surnels. es sxva ramesac izams, icinis qeTi da xelSi ahyavs bavSvi. isev _ wkap! da erTi kviris winandel droSi dabrunda. kargi ramea mexsiereba, Senia, rac iyo guSin, SarSan, didi xnis winaT. ara, ra aris amaSi kargi _ rom ver iSoreb, ver iviwyeb, ver Sli warsuls mexsierebis firidan? erTi kviris win scenaze idga, aRiarebiT da didebiT mTvrali. mTlad ar gadareula, magram taSis quxilSi guli aCqarebiT ucemda, siamovnebda ritmuli Sriala-mquxare xma da im wuTs sjeroda, rom didi msaxiobia, msoflioSi saukeTeso hamleti. aha, movida dideba! manamdec ki iyo popularuli, ase, Tbilisur farglebSi, magram ufro sifaTis gamo. ra gaakeTa mniSvnelovani, SemCnevis Rirsi? ZiriTadad dadebiT gmirebs TamaSobda _ wiTlebs an socialistebs, ideisTvis Sewirul keTilSobil intiligentebs. saxec egeTi aqvs _ dadebiTi. ise, sakuTari sifaTiT da sxva danarCeni nawilebiTac kmayofilia, sarkeSi sakuTari Tavis Tvalierebac uyvars. asakTan erTad sarkesTan urTierToba cota gaurTulda. xan amayad uyurebs sarkeSi Tavis anarekls, mxrebs, muclis press, grZel fexebs da uxaria _ jer kidev biWuraxalgazrdul kategoriaSi gadis. xandaxan (iSviaTad!) SiSi Seepareba xolme, rom is mcire cvlilebebi, asakis mimaniSnebeli xazebi saxeze amieridan ufro mkveTri gaxdeba, daxvewili formebic Seicvleba. da erT dRes sarkeSi imis karikaturas dainaxavs, riTac adre ase iwonebda Tavs. ratom karikatura, xom arian asakovani, xnieri simpaTiuri kacebi da qalebi?! zogi asakSi ufro simpaTiur da Rirseul gamometyvelebas iZnes, vidre axalgazrdobaSi iyo. `ara, umravlesoba mainc Tavisi gamosaxulebis karikatura xdeba asakSi~, _ fiqrobs gogi. aseT wuTebSi Tvals aridebs sakuTar gamosaxulebas sarkeSi da qalebze iwyebs fiqrs. roca qali moswons, TvalebSi uyurebs xolme, mzeras ar aridebs, pirdapir TvalebSi umzers gaxaverdebuli, momnusxveli mzeriT da janmrTel kbilebsac far Tod rom gamoaCens gulRia Rimilis niSnad, sapasuxo Rimilis Semdeg icis _ qali dabmulia, SeiZleba yvelaferze wamsvleli arc iyos, magram misi ocnebebis nawili gogis eqneba dasakuTrebuli. hoda, sakmaodac hyavda qalebi, magram, ise, SemTxveviT gadayrilebi _ ara! mis kacur Rirsebas, SemTxveviTi, iaffasiani qalebi ver axareben. ise, erTi-ori egeTic SeiZleba gaixsenos, magram... mokled, ubralod vneba da seqsi ar hyofnis, kidev raRac unda miiRos qalisagan. kidev raRac. bolos vin iyo, vin CarCa TavSi bolo droidan? doiCe! germanuli literaturis specialisti. lamazi ara, magram Svgvremani da eSxiani. am eSxian qals, gogize karga ufrosi rom iyo, magram patara gogosaviT gamoiyureboda, germanulis saswavleblad miebara. maswavlebeli ki aswavlida germanuls, magram moswavle warmatebiT isxletda codnas. cota xanSi orive mixvda, rom bedisweram germanulis ki ara, erTmaneTis sxeulis Sesaswavlad gadakveTa maTi gzebi. hoda, germanuli vera, magram qalis eSxisa da dafaruli silamazis aRmoCena da dafaseba ki iswavla. ise, bolos cota daudevrad ki eqceoda am faruli silamazisa da mgrZnobiare sulis qals, doiCes rom ar ekuTvnoda, ise. roca rame swyinda doiCes, Tvalebi uwyliandeboda da gogisTvis gaugebar aCqarebul germanulze daurtyamda xolme raRac tiradas. aba, miTargmne, icinoda gogi. iswavle germanuli da Sen TviTon iTargmne. xan arafers ityoda da brazianad daaxeTqebda: _ Saise! es ki icoda gogim: `nexvi!~. riT daaba doiCem? kargad navarjiSebi, mkvrivi ukanali ki hqonda, magram kidev raRac iyo masSi _ sevdiani cinizmi, Wkvianic iyo. da kidev raRac gaaxsenda, lamis amayad naTqvami: `magaT tansacmelSi gavizarde~. isev raRac gulisamaCuyebelma Seaxsena Tavi. es is dRe iyo, lamis dilidan saRamomde rom alodina doiCe. TviTon doiCe yvelafers gadadebda xolme, rogorc ki gogi daurekavda. gogi xandaxan SeTanxmebul Sexvedraze saerTod ar midioda an agvianebda, ganrisxebuli doiCe wyenas male iviwyebda da ufro vnebiani xdeboda. es erTgvar gamocdasaviT iyo da gogi kmayofili askvnida, giJdeba Cemzeo. hoda, gvian saRamos rom mivida, doiCes germanuli daxvewilobiT gawyobili magida rom aiTvisa da gabutuli satrfos aTvisebac rom daapira, maSin dareka doiCes biZaSvilma _ bavSvisTavis wamlis fuli undoda. doiCe, masze gagiJebuli da masTan loginSi CawolisTvis lamis sulis gamyidveli (darwmunebuli iyo gogi!), wamoxta, Caicva da gavarda, xuT wuTSi davbrundebio. naxevar saaTSi dabrunda, mapatieo, ratomRac loyaze akoca da maSin Tqva, lamis amayad, magaT tansacmelSi gavizardeo. da am sityvebs bavSvobis mogonebac daamata _ uWirda mis martoxela dedas, ufrosi biZaSvilebi aWmevdnen da acmevdnen patara biZaSvils. gamonacvals Cuqnid nen, magram gemovnebiT SerCeuls. arc imCnevdnen, rom sxva ufro axlo naTesavisagan (mamisagan) uaryofili iyo. axla imaT uWirT, doiCes ki fulic aqvs da maTi mzrunvelobac axsovs, hoda, mzad aris, loginidan wamoxtes da gogis damadlebulgamozomili yuradRebidan kidev moiklos imaTi xaTriT. Tavis sayvarel germaniaSi saTarjimnod da raRac saqmian-literaturul Sexvedrebze rom daiareboda, biZaSvilebisTvis saCuqrebis Camotana ar aviwydeboda. arc gogisTvis! ara, rogor ubralod da gulRiad Tqva, lamis amayad: _ magaT tansacmelSi gavizarde. lamazi ara, magram Zalian eSxiani! hoda, 67 NAEC.GE viRac germanelma daiTria da gauTxovda berlinSi, bohemur ubanSi, postmodernist Tu raRac amdagvar mjRabnels gahyva. guli daswyda gogis. xandaxan axsendeba da ise, gulsgareT rom brazdeba, naRvlian gunebazed rom dgeba, TviTonac boRmian `Saises~ daaxeTqebs xolme. maine doiCe frau, ra damrCa Sengan? ramdenime germanuli sityva, kidev raRac sevdis kvali, sxva sevdas rom aRvivebs, rogorc naperwkali cecxls. sxva? qalidan qalze ise inacvlebs, TiTqos saxlisken mimavali gzis ZebnaSi erTi bilikidan meoreze gadaexetao. daxetialebs da eZebs maTSi raRacas. gadanawilebuli aqvs is raRac ramdenime qalSi. doiCes funqcia seqsis garda inteleqtualobanas TamaSi da cinikuri saubrebi iyo; colTan, loginis garda, aRaraferi rCeboda gasaziarebeli da saTqmel-safiqrali; ocnebebisa da fantaziebis samyaro elis ekuTvnoda. ver moagrova erT qalSi yvelaferi, nawil-nawil unda Seirgos. ai, elisTan rom iyo, adre, diidi xnis winaT, maSin iyo yvelaferi: sisrule, harmonia!.. raime ironiulis da enamoswrebulis gafiqreba moindoma, magram arc survili eyo amisaTvis da arc Sesabamisi citatebis maragi. qeTis gadaswvda isev fiqri, cols, Tanamecxedres. masTan saCxubrad ufro iclida, vidre masze safiqrelad. ratom? uzrunveli cxovreba hqonda gogis, TiTqmis, TiTqos. fuliani mama, mosiyvarule deda _ araferi misi sazrunavi da sadardeli. mere garantirebuli studentoba Teatralur institutSi da ara samedicinoSi, mamis daJinebuli mcdelobis miuxedavad. rogor moaxerexa Tavisi gaetana? icoda, eqimi arasodes gamovidoda misgan, sisxlis danaxvaze dResac lamis guli misdis. didi msaxiobi xom gamovida?! ratomac ara, hqonda, mTavari ara, magram SesamCnevi da dadebiTi rolebi TeatrSi, erTi-orjer filmSic moxvda _ lamazi biWis rolSi! kidev ra hqonda? `kai Tbiliseli biWis~ tituli, megobrebis didi nakrebi, qeifebi da lamazi qalebis yuradReba. zomierad, imijis Sesalamazeblad ZvelbiWoba, oRond usafrTxoebis normebis dacviT. dResac kidev biWis rolSia, ormocs ki gadaabija. araferi uSualod ar exeboda, TiTqos saTburis Tu nakrZalis binadari iyo. misi cxovrebis gareT Tu rame ar iyo wesrigSi, raRac guls miRma rCeboda, misi tkivili ar iyo. egoistis Tavdacvis meqanizmi! ase auxsna doiCem. erTaderTi, rac marTla stkioda lamis mTeli cxovreba, is gogo iyo, mere qali _ elidan eleneSi gadazrdili, odesRac misi, axla sxva kacis, sadRac sxva saxlSi, sxva loginSi da mainc misi! es ise, gulis siRrmeSi, sxvebisTvis dafarul-damaluli, maine doiCe fraus mier odnav gamoqeqil-gamomzeurebuli. doiCe maSin mis sulSi qeqvis gasagrZeleblad iaffasian infantiluridealistur filosofiur platformaze Camoskupda da Tqva, normalur kacs (da qalsaco!) Tu unda, rom WeSmariti cxovrebiT icxovros, erTi mudam sanatrel-saocnebo adamiani unda hyavdes gulis siRrmeSi, mudam viRac misTvis mniSvnelova nis yuradRebis misaqcevad da mosanadireblad un da iyos momarTuli da maSin Seqmnis raRac 68 Rirebulso. is erTi sanatreli unda arsebobdes, magram, cxadia, sxva paraleluri qalis da kacis gverdiTo. cinikosi. mere sul moibavSva Tavi da gaagrZela, sicocxleSi pirvelad Tu imas akoce, vinc giyvarda, magra gagimarTlao, Tu pirvelad im qalTan iweqi, vinc giyvarda, bozTan ki ara, an vinme qalTan imis Sesamowmeblad hormonebi wesrigSi maqvs Tu arao, aramed sayvarel qalTan, kidev ufro magra gagimarTalao, kacad Camoyalibebis ambavSi. dartymuli! xoda, Tavisnairi dartymulic ergo _ viRac germaneli franti! doiCes filosofiiT, magari bednieri kacia. pirveli qali mis cxovrebaSi eli iyo da uyvarda, magra uyvarda, ise, ise... sxvas veravis xedavda, veravis grZnobda. axsovs, yvelaferi axsovs; Tvalebs rom xuWavs, im wuTebs, wamebs xedavs, grZnobs TiToeul Sexebas, suns.. elis sxeulze yvela xazs, formas... am SegZnebebiT cxovrobs didi xania. am TiTqos tkiviliT, TiTqos tkbeba. eSiania, am SegrZnebebs simZafre ar daakldes. Tu dakarga romelime detali, feri, surneli, maSin raRac damTavrdeba da raRac sxva mova. ra sibere? amis eSinia? ara, raRac sxva, sxva daakldeba. sakuTar Tavs dakargvs, sulis yvelaze mTavar da mniSvnelovan nawils. arc ki icis, ra aris, magram grZnobs. ise, bolo wlebSi ufro wyvetilad axsendeboda eli _ roca Tvals mohkravda sadme, roca nacnobi suni an xma, raRac an viRac Seaxsenebda. es bolo dReebi ki sul elize fiqrobs, sadRac tvinis Tu sxeulis siRrmeSi kodirebuli warsuli gafxizlda, garealurda. is dRec! elis oTaxSi iatakze, wignebiT da rveulebiT mofenil xaliCaze gogoebi sxedan _ pirvelkurseli studentebi gamocdebisaTvis emzadebian. gogoebi JiJineben, cekvaven, maimunoben. mokle, Wreli qvedatani da Jolosferi maisuri minimalurad faravs elis lamaz sxeuls. oci wlis win misi Semotkecil-mWaxeferebiani samosi Tamam Cacmad iTvleboda da eli saxlSi, megobrebSi tkbeboda sakuTari sxeulis demonstrirebiT. gogi kuTxeSi ijda da bednierebisagan Tvreboda. mere zemodan zazam, kidev erTma gamocdis momzadebis wyurviliT Sepyrobilma studentma CamosZaxa, CemTan amodi To da gogoebi waCerCetdnen. elim oTaxis milageba moindoma da eli da gogi marto darCnen elis oTaxSi da maSin pirvelad akoca qals da Tanac im qals, vinc uyvarda. doiCe fraus TeoriiT, magra gaumarTla, kacad Camoyalibebis ambavSi. maSin am Teoriis Sesaxeb araferi icoda, magram bednieri rom iyo, amas ki bolomde da safuZvlianad grZnobda. mere, zazasTan rom avidnen, xan Tvals aridebdnen, xan veRar awyvetdnen mzeras erTmaneTs. grZnobda gogi, rogor evseboda sxeuli siTboTi, grZnobda, igive emarTeboda elis da yvelaze STambeWdavi es iyo _ grZnobde imas, Tu ras grZnobs sayvareli qali. mere iyo sxva danarCeni yvelaferi _ Ria, daufaravi vnebiT avsebuli sxeulebi, ndoba, samaradJamo erTgulebis da siyvarulis fici da a.S. rogorc xdeba xolme siyvarulis saymawvilo asakSi. mTeli sivrce iyo garSemo damuxtuli _ mzera, Sexeba, sunTqva, Rimili, terfi, Tma, TiTebi, suli... yvelaferi SegrZnebadi da Sexebadi, uxilavi NAEC.GE da xiluli. iyo erTi mTliani netareba warmosaxviT dawyebuli, mzera-SexebiT gagrZelebuli da ukon trolod, Riad amoxeTqili saalerso sityvebiT damTavrebuli. ho, raRac msgavsi TiTqos merec iyo, magram mainc rogorRac gaazrebul-gamozomil-gaTvlili. mere gaizarda, dakacda da wvintlebsac aRar uSvebda. magram survili da fiqri mainc darCa. sadRac, sulis romeliRac bnel yuTSi bedisweris manqanam Caawikwika: eli _ Seni cxovrebis mTavari qali! Canaweri waSlas ar eqvemdebareba! ara, mainc sad hqonda im patara elis imdeni risxva da Zala, rom erTi xelis mosmiT, ara, xelis erTi moqneviT, daengria yvelaferi, daesrulebina?! magram ambavi ar sruldeba, maSinac, viTom wertili rom dasvi da Caabare warsuls. gogisTvis ar sruldeba, ver Seelia am danakargs. ratom? imi tom, rom araferi miuwvdomeli da mouxelTebeli ar iyo misTvis, imitom, rom SeCveuli ar iyo uars da uaryofas, imitom, rom sul Tvrameti wlis iyo da sjeroda grZnobebis maradiulobis da aseTi sisuleleebis?! imitom, rom dakarguli da miuwvdomeli ufro Zvirfasia?! ra iqneboda, elisTan erTad rom gagrZelebuliyo misi cxovreba, maSinac ase mZafri iqneboda misi survilebi? mainc ratom fiqrobs am dReebSi, aq, yvelaze mets im Soreul ambebze, TiTqmis oci wlis winandelze, iqneb im mounelebel danakargze fiqriT am axlis SiSs gaurbis?! neta mis Svils gaumarTla? iyo qalTan, romelic uyvarda? an qalTan saerTod? ar icis. ra icis Tavis Svilze? biWi im asakSia, ramxelac TviTon iyo maSin. ra icis Tavis Svilze? axla sul misi bavSvoba axsendeba, Semdgomi wlebidanac axsendeba raRac, magram rogorRac fermkrTali, gacrecili mogonebebia. fiqriani, lamazi biWi, xandaxan TavgatexildaCeCqvilic mosula saxlSi, ufro xSirad, vidre TviTon imave asakSi. ar wuwunebda, bevrs arafers yveboda. kargi urTierToba hqondaT, ki, megobruli. ra aris megobruli urTierToba SvilTan? azradac ar mosvlia, rom mis biWs SeeZlo, Tofi Tu avtomati aeRo da saomrad wasuliyo. TviTon ratom ar mouvida azrad saomrad wasvla _ samSoblosaTvis brZola?! ar mouvida, ar mouvidoda, miaCnda, rom amisTvis arc agresia hyofnida, arc siZulvivli d arc sibriyve. omze da politikaze rom iwyebdnen msjelobas, ar undododa gamoCeniliyo suleli, romelsac azri ar gaaCnia, magram eCveneboda, rom is raRac msjelobebi ufro suleluri iyo. mosaubreTa yalbi paTetika da konformizmi aRizianebda da erCivna eTqva, ar vici, ar mesmiso. cota daZabuli ki ambobda am sityvebs. da erCivna, arc scodnoda. ho, erCivna, qeTisaTan eCxuba, mere saxlidan gabrazebuli gavardniliyo, megobrebSi eqeifa, vinme qalTan romani gaeba da ewuwuna, rom Tavisi mTavari roli jer ar uTamaSia, rom sabWoTa reJimma masSi didi msaxiobis gafurCqvnas Sansi ar misca. da, aha, misi droc dadga _ hamleti! oriode kviris win premiera Sedga. gogi _ daniis princi! rogori siRrmiT ambobda, dagemovnebiT _ yofna... aryofna... darwmunebuli iyo, hamletis mSfoTvare suls da dafarul sibrZnes yvelaze ukeT Cavwvdi da vaxmovanebo. romeli sibrZne?! hamleti patara, dabneuli biWia, upasuxo kiTxvebiT, eWvebiT; naw yeni da Seuracxyofili, enakvimatobis, cinizmsa da naTamaSevi sigiJis miRma umweobasa da SiSs rom malavs. yofna-aryofna?! vidre gogi am kiTxvaSi mTel Tavis ormocwlian cxovrebiseul sibrZnes aqsovda, misi Svili am kiTxvaze pasuxis saZebrad afxazeTSi saomrad wavida. gogis ki hamletoba undoda, hamletoba ara, hamletis roli, scena, darbazi, yvavilebi, taSi. brZnuli paTetikiT ara, agdebuli ironiiT gaarkvevs Semdeg speqtaklze, yofnaaryofnis sakiTxs. im saRamos ki, scenis kuTxeSi brZnulad Ca momjdars, darbazisaken malulmzeramimarTuls, moeCvena, rom eli ijda mesame Tu meoTxe rigSi. namdvilad dainaxa, scenaze aTamaSebulma sinaTlem mayurebelTa rigebs rom gadaurbina. mere, daSvebuli xaverdis fardis win kidev erTxel rom gavida Tavis dasakravad, is skami, sadac savaraudod eli ijda, carieli dalanda. ukve gavidao, ifiqra, me rom ar damenaxao. „me Sen erTxel miyvardi. me Sen erTxel...~ ai, amiT ki hgavs hamlets _ halucinaciebiT. Txzavs TavisTvis, rac unda da TviTonve ijerebs. „moixsenie Sens locvebSi, hoi, feriav, Cemi codvebi...“ erTi kviris win speqtaklidan saxlSi dabru nebuls deda da qeTi TvalebdawiTlebuli daxvdnen. savarZlis kideze damfrTxali gogo ijda, misi Svilis megobrebidan romeliRaca. gogom gogisac CamouTvala biWebis _ afxazeTSi, samSoblos dasacavad gaparuli razmis wevrebis _ sia. gogo dabneuli iyo, ar icoda, es ambavi amayad da idumalebiT aRsavse xmiT da saxiT unda eTqva, Tu ubedurebis gamomxatveliT. gogis gaecina, lamis gadaixarxara, mere gaCumda da ase iyo didxans. qeTic dumda, xmas ar iRebda, skamze ijda da win da ukan irweoda. biWs rom rame daemarTos, ver gadaitans, SeSinda gogi. pirvelad dafiqrda, rom erT patara qveyanaSi SeiZleba erT kuTxeSi isrodnen da erTmaneTs xocavdnen da imave dros meoreSi _ speqtakls TamaSobdnen da mis sayureblad dadiodnen. sami dRis Semdeg ambavi Camoitanes frontis xazidan, biWi tyved Cavarda da jerjerobiT cocxali da uvnebeliao. saxlSi nacnobi da ucnobi xalxi gadigamodioda, telefoni gamudmebiT rekda da miagnes viRac paatas, romelic raRac komisias, anu tyveTa gacvlas xelmZRvanelobs. ori dRiT afxazeTidan, omidan Camosuli paata male isev omSi midioda. fuli, kidev fuli da kidev yvela amqveyniuri sikeTe SesTavazes biWis dabrunebis sanacvlod. paatam, araviTari fuli, es Cemi saqmeao. mokled, Tqveni fuli erT adgilaso!.. da gogim aseve mokled _ mec wamovalo. paata daeTanxma, SemeSvelebio. gogis Seuvalma saxem daiTanxma Tu marTla rameSi gamoadgeboda, ar icis gogim. gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi 69 NAEC.GE akakis mcveli „visac sxvitoris saxl-muzeumSi (oRond bavSvobisas) akakis fexsacmeli unaxavs Znelad Tu moaxdens rame ufro grandiozul STabeWdilebas masze. Tanac mTeli cxovrebis manZilze, ramde nadac is fexsacmeli masTan erTad izrdeba da TandaTanobiT, Zneli dasajerebeli xdeba, Tundac akakiviT axovansa da warmosadeg adamains, rom ecva odesRac da ara adamianis saxiT movlenil RvTaebas. dRes rom is fexsacmeli saqarTveloSi Camoataron, aravis moergeba albaT, CateviT ki yvelani CaveteviT Sig, rogorc bibliur kidobanSi“ _ ase aRwers akaki wereTlis saxl-muzeumSi miRebul STabeWdilebebs sityvis kidev erTi ukvdavi ostati oTar WilaZe. riis mqone TanamSromlis dRe maSin iwyeba, roca Cveulebisamebr kibeebs aivlis da wereTlebis sasax lis kars gaaRebs. im sasaxlis kars, romelSic Ta vadac daibada da gaizarda. klara maWaraSvilis cxovrebis mTavri xazi TiTqos mis dabadebamde ganisazRvra. deda were Tlebis saxlSi cxovrobda da muSaobda. bavSvobis wlebi zemo imereTis erT-erT ulamazes sofelSi didi mgosnis sasaxleSi gaatara. muzeumis gaxsnis Semdeg maWaraSvilebi iqve, axlos, mezoblad gadav idnen. Turme patara klara muzeumis pirvel stum rebs eqskursiamZRolobas uwevda. saxl-muzeumi ki sofel sxvitorSi, wereTlebis sagvareulo saxlSi 1940 wels gaixsna. adgils, sadac daibada da garda icvala, sakuTar TavgadasavalSi ase aRwers mwerali: „Cixuris pirad, maRlobze sdgas orsarTuliani qviTkiris saxli. am uSno Senobas simaRle patara koSkisa aqvs, sigrZe darbazisa da sisqe _ cixis, magram arc erT maTgans ki ar hgavs! ai, am saxlSi davbadebulvar me 9 ivniss, ganTiadisas, 1840-Si, Tumca naTlobis mowmobad 1841 miweria.“ „bibliur kidobanSi“ sakuTari SemoqmedebiT akaki wereTelma marTlac mTeli saqarTvelo Ca tia. Catia miuxedavad imisa, rom WilaZis „akaki“ kacisaTvis iseve didia, rogorc zogadad adami anisaTvis _ dedamiwa. am „dedamiwaze“ ki yvelas Tavisi wili „akaki“ hyavs da yvelas Tavisi „akaki“ uyvars. Tavisi akaki hyavs da akakic gansakuTrebu lad uyvars wereTlis saxl-muzeumis erT-erT mec nier TanamSromels, bibliograf klara maWaraSvil sac. _ akakis fexis zoma iyo 45, simaRle 184 santimetiri _ akaki iyo axovani, warmosadegi da iSviaTi garegnobis. _ klara maWaraSvili akakis garegnobisa da cxovrebis aqamde ucnob detalebs gansakuTreb uli emociiT yveba. misTvis aq yvelaferi nacnobi da axlobelia. muzeumis TiTqos erT-erTi rigiTi, magram amave dros yvelasagan gansxvavebuli isto 70 axovanisa da warmosadegis, mxiarulisa da sev dianis, magram mainc yvelasaTvis ubralod akakis suli da mravalaferovani buneba gansakuTrebulad mis mSobliur saxlSi igrZnoba: palto, cilindri, qolga, mundStuki, safule, ukanasknelad SeWrili Tma, Wogriti, saqaRalde, naxatebi _ yvelaferi is, rasac mwerali cxovrebSi exeboda, axla samuzeumo eqsponati gaxda da ukve istoriis nawilia. _ es is akvania, romlic sxvitorelma da savanelma glexebma akakis iubileze miarTves. ai, es sarke gaxsovT, „Cem TavgadasavlSi“ patara akaki mamam sarkeSi rom Caaxeda? _ ukve albaT meramdened, magram TiTqos pirvelad hyveba mwerlis biblio grafi: „dRes sasaxlis oTaxebsac da nivTebsac iseTive ganlageba aqvs, rogoric wlebis win. mdebareoba arc italiuri avejisaTvis SeucvliaT. isev ise dgas magida, romelzec Tornike erisTavi daiwera, aqvea kalamic, romelsac sityvasTan erTad mwerali NAEC.GE „iaraRad“ xmarobda. yvelaze xSirad akakis oTaxSi Semovdivar. aq, sadac akaki wereTeli gardaicvala, araferi Secvlila, oRond sanTeli, romelic mgosnis cxovrebis bolo wuTebSi enTo aRarasdros anTebula. saaTic im droze gaCerda, roca mweralma bolojer amoisunTqa. dRe akakize fiqriT iwyeba da sruldeba, TiTqos dReebi erTmaneTs unda hgavdes, magram yoveli wami gansxvavebulia da erTnairad Zvirfasi. CemTvis yvelaze metad is droa Rirebuli, romelsac akakis Semoqdebisa da cxovrebis Seswavlas vuTmob“. klara maWaraSvilma profesiac iseTi airCia, „mgosnisaTvis“ ufro kargad rom gaego. universite tis damTavrebis Semdeg mSobliur sofels daubrun da da muzeumSi muSaoba daiwyo. saxli, romelSic daibada, misi samsaxuri gaxda. _ Tqven rom axla mkiTxoT, muzeumi SenTvis samsaxuria Tu saxli, ver gipasuxebT, aqauroba CemTvis yvelaferia _ adgili, sadac Tavs yvelaze kargad vgrZnob. mTeli cxovreba cdilobs, rac SeiZleba meti informacia Seagrovos mwerlis Sesaxeb. bibli og rafi amJamad sasaxlis istoriaze muSaobs. ikvlevs im masalebs, romlebic muzeumSi inaxeba. fondebSi daculia mniSvnelovani xelnawerebi: mecxramete saukunis pirvel naxevarSi gadawerili „qarTlis cxovreba“ da sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikoni. klara maWaraSvils Svilebi ar hyavs, rogorc TviTon ambobs, didi mwerlis nivTebs ise uvlis, rogorc Svilebs. Tvlis, rom Tavad, iseve, rogorc mTeli saqarTvelo didi akakis STamomavalia. _ Tqven rom akakis saxlSi ar dabadebulxarT, xom giyvarT akaki? _ Cems kiTxvas kiTxviTve pasuxobs, _ akaki mTeli saqarTvelos kuTvnilebaa. xom gaxsovT nodar dumbaZis sityvebi: „mzesa da geniosebs ori Tviseba aqvT: orive naTelia da orive sicocxlis Semoqmedia _ axla me mzeze ki ara, akakize mogaxsenebTo ...“ _ CemTvisac es mze yovelTvis anaTebs. muzeumis kars yvelaze gvian klara maWarSvi li ketavs. saxlamde sul ramdenime metris gavla sWirdeba. samsaxuridan dabrunebulma 5 mamalsa da 13 dedals unda aWamos. marto cxovrobs da yov elTvis eSinia, saxlSi roca ar iqneba, romelime fr inveli qorma ar waiyvanos an meliam ar SeuWamos. unda saojaxo saqmes male morCes da meore dRes isev akakis aCrdilTan Sesaxvedrad moemzados. akaki xom „kacisaTvis iseve didia, rogorc zogadad adamian isaTvis _ dedamiwa“ _ am „dedamiwaze“ ki yvelas Tavisi wili „akaki“ hyavs da yvelas Tavisi „akaki“ uyvars. Teiko anjafariZe gamoyenebulia saqarTvelos erovnul arqivSi daculi fotomasala 71 NAEC.GE saswavlo olimpiadaSi gamarjvebuli nawarmoebebi saswavlo olimpiadis mesame turSi gadasul bavSvebs 2013 wels „gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufma amgvari davaleba SesTavaza: gaagrZeleT dawyebuli ambavi da dawereT moTxroba. `gverdi carieli iyo. mxolod marjvena kuTxeSi ewera: „mas, vinc erTxel davkarge, raTa samudamod mepova“. momdevno gverdi gadaSala da kiTxva daiwyo:“ gTavazobT gamarjvebul moswavleTa or namuSevars. I qveda asakobrivi jgufi Tamar mesabliSvili rusTavis 24-e qarTuli gimnazia 17. 05. 2003 dRes deda mokvda. mamam miTxra, Savi kaba unda Caicvao, me ki vardisferi ufro min doda. mere tirili daviwye. deidam Tqva, bavSvi codoao da vardisferi kaba Camacves. uamravi xalxi movida. yvela mkocnida da meubneboda, rom deda axla cidan miyurebs. me, ra Tqma unda, ar davijere _ ufrosebi matyuara xalxia. dedac aseTi iyo, sul meub neboda _ arasodes migatovebo. 17. 05. 2004 erTi weli gavida, rac deda mokvda. masze isev vbrazob, magram yvavilebi mainc vuyide. maswavlebelma miTxra, rom dedisTvis unda viloco. me locva ar miyvars imitom, rom ucnauri sityvebiT unda ilaparako da iseTi saxe miiRo, viTom yvelaferi gesmis. 17. 05. 2005 ori weli gavida. mamas sul daaviwyda es dRe, albaT imitom, rom sxva „deda“ gvyavs. dRes pirveli musikis gakveTili mqonda. meubnebian, rom dedas vgavar da Zalian niWieri var. me ki vfiqrob, rom musika Zalian mosawyenia, Tanac moxuci maswavlebeli myavs da sul Cxubobs. 17. 05. 2013 deda! ukve aTi weli gavida… es bloknoti SemTxveviT vipove da gadavwyvite, kidev erTxel Camewera... jer mxolod TxuTmeti wlis var, magram ukve cnobili pianisti gavxdi. es ki mxolod Seni damsaxurebaa. me megona, rom dagkarge, rom veRarasdros gnaxavdi, magram yovelTvis, roca pianinos mivujdebi, vxvdebi, rom aq xar, CemTan... Sen me damitove TiTebis magia... Sen me damitove musika sulSi... mapatie, rom aseTi suleli viyavi bavSvobaSi. mapatie, rom damaviwydi. me mxolod axla mivxvdi, rom klaviSebis msgavsad adamianebic an TeTrebi varT, an Savebi. mivxvdi, rom mxolod erTad SegviZlia SevqmnaT RvTaebrivi melodia, rom samyaro pianinoa, viRaca ki jadosnuri xelebiT ukravs... ici? me dRes mivxvdi, rom miyvarxar, deda... 72 NAEC.GE II zeda asakobrivi jgufi Teona sexniaSvili Telavis me-9 sajaro skola. „mas, vinc erTxel davkarge, raTa samudamod mepova.“ maSin 13 wlis viyavi... skolaSi davdiodi. socializmis WeSmarit principebze gvzrdid nen... maxsovs, erT saRamos saxlSi mimiyvane, kari magrad Cakete da isteriulad daiyvire: „gviTvalTvaleben...“ me megona, raRac gWirda. „netav ra hqvia amas, paranoia? ki, albaT, paranoia“ _ vfiqrobdi... crida... „wamiyvanen, movlen da wamiyvanen“ _ gaimeore axla ukve Cumad, Zlivs gasagonad... Sen wagiyvanes... vtirodi, geZaxdi, Seni tirili saukeneebs iqiT midioda da maradisobas uerTdeboda... maSin mivxvdi, rom deda davkarge!.. mere? mere iyo sakoncentracio banaki. maxsovs akrZaluli mzeriTi kontaqtebi... maxsovs, rom unda gvemuSava dacemamde... maxsovs cema da Zaladoba „torgauSi“... maxsovs erTi dRe, roca sakanSi Camketes. bneloda... Zalian bneloda, magram Sen gan vicodi, rom Rame arasdrosaa iseTi bneli, rogoric adamiani. am bnel RameSic ki Candnen WianWvelebi, romlebic saknis iatakze dacocavdnen... Sen meubnebodi, Cven, yvelani, WianWvelebi varT da sad gagvsress bedi, ar viciTo. me mainc vnatrobdi Wi anWvelis beds. is Tavisufali iyo... me ki... me ki gafrena mindoda sadRac Sors... iqneb sikvdili mindoda... hiugo werda: „sikvdili maradisobisgan miniWebuli Tavisuflebaa“. magram, ara! me ar mindoda sikvdili... es yvelaferi brZola iyo... TavisuflebisTvis brZola... brZolaSi ki yovelTvis ibadeba imedi. sadRac mqonda wakiTxuli _ Tavisu flebis siyvaruli adamians „moses kverTxsa“ da „daviTis Surduls“ aZlevso. sikvdili ar mindoda... es danebebas niSnavda... sistemas pirovnebis ganadgureba undoda. amitom gvinergavdnen „torgauSi“ aRmzrdelebi: „aq ar arsebobs me!“ da roca pirovneba individualurobas kargavs, sasikvdilodaa ganwiruli... zogierTi mkvdari Tu cocxalia, zogierTi cocxali mkvdaria... maSin es ar vicodi, magram vgrZnobdi... maxsovs gaqcevac... maxsovs saavadmyofos TeTri kedlebic... maxsovs darbeuli demonstraciebi... maxsovs reiganis sityvebic: „daangrieT es kedeli!“ me ki vicodi, rom kedeli daingreoda. Sen ambobdi: Tu rames daafuZneb borotebaze, is ver iarsebebso... xalxi amerikul simReras mReroda: „We shall overcome“ _ ase erqva am simReras... ucnauri simRera iyo, magram saocrad lamazi... Sens simReras maxsenebda: „amxanago, mzisken, Tavisuflebisken...“ crida... momeCvena, TiTqos Cem win ideqi. Tvalebi cremliT gqonda savse. Seni Tvalebi TiTqos ambobdnen: „Cven Tavs davaRwevT“ an iqneb: „yvelaferi sxvagvarad iqneba“... kedeli daingra... brZola keTilad damTavrda... me Sen erTxel dagkarge... Tumca gi pove samudamod... da roca uzenaess Cemi arsisa bneli adgeba, isev Seni naTeli saxe midgeba Tvalwin da Seni simRera Camesmis yurSi: „sinaTlisken, Tavisuflebisken“... 73 NAEC.GE „NAEC.GE“ – pirveli nomris prezentacia 23 maiss „gamocdebis erovnul centrSi“ Jurnalis „NAEC.GE“ pirveli nomris prezentacia gaimarTa. prezentaciis farglebSi konkursis „saukeTeso sta tia saganmanaTleblo Temaze“ ori saukeTeso werilis avtorebi dajildovdnen: studenti mamuka safariZe _ gamarjvebuli ramdenime Tvis win socialur qselSi vnaxe infomacia, rom „gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ mier inicirebuli iyo idea gamocemuliyo aseTi Jurnali _ „NAEC.GE“. es iyo didi motivacia studentebisaTvis, amitom gadavwyvite gamegzavna 74 ramdenime statia. JurnalisaTvis airCa erTi statia, romelic exeba qarTveli studentebis cxovrebas ucxoeTSi. es iyo eleqtronulad Cawerili interviu erT-erT studentTan, romelic swavlobs Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi. vfiqrob, yvela im axal gazrdas, romlebsac surT swavlis gagrZeleba ucxoeTSi, daainteresebT informacia, Tu ra sasi amovno an usiamovno movlenebi SeiZleba SexvdeT sxva qveyanaSi yofnisas. „NAEC.GE“-s saCuqari iyo moulodneli, statia ramdenime Tvis win gavagzavne da gulaxdilad giTxraT, arc velodi gamoxmaurebas da roca gavige, rom gamarjvebuli viyavi, Zalian gamexarda. mivxvdi, rom studentebi rasac vwerT, NAEC.GE fasdeba, amas adami anebi yuradRebas aqce ven. „NAEC.GE“-m momca stimuli gavagrZelo wera da siamovnebiT viTanamSromlo moma valSic am organizaci asTan. Jurnali „NAEC.GE“ mkiTxvelis farTo wrezea gaTvlili. yovel nomerSi aqtualobis mixedviT ibe Wdeba sxvadasxva testis nimuSebi da rekomendaciebi „gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ aplikantebisaT vis. aseve interviuebi cnobil adamianebTan an su lac ucnob profesionalebTan, romlebic yvebian, rogori SeiZleba iyos pedagogis cxovreba, rogor SeiZleba airCio profesia da Seiyvaro is. Jurnali orientirebulia, miawodos mkiTxvels informacia saskolo da sauniversiteto cxovrebis Sesaxeb, ga moaqveynos werilebi wignierebis, ganaTlebisa da sa ganmanaTleblo gamocdebisa Tu konkursebis Sesaxeb. aseve yvela nomrisaTvis Jurnali acxadebs konkurss saukeTeso statiis gamosavlenad. amjerad, namuSev rebis gamogzavna el.fostaze konkursi@naec.ge mxo lod skolis moswavleebs SeuZliaT. Jiuris mier SerCeuli saukeTeso werili saTauriT „me rom mas wavlebeli viyo“, Jurnalis Semdeg nomerSi daibeWd eba. daviT zurabiSvili: Zalian kargi saqme gakeTda am Jurnalis gamoce miT, masSi ara marto im saqmianobis Sesaxeb iqneba informacia warmodgenili, romelsac „gamocdebis erovnuli centri~ eweva, aramed Tavad ganaTlebis sakiTxebis Sesaxebac, rac yvelas gvaRelvebs. bevri saintereso publikaciaa dabeWdili, darwmunebuli var, maT mohyveba diskusiebi, kamaTic da yuradRebis centrSi moeqceva. amitom me vfiqrob, rom Zalian perspeqtiuli gamocemaa. gazeT kviris palitris redaqtori marika darCia: me vfiqrob, rom es is Jurnalia, romelic „unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar“! warmatebebs vusurveb „NAEC.GE“- s. nana izoria giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi 75 NAEC.GE redkolegia: maia miminoSvili, gogi maWavariani, kaxa jamburia, Tamaz jologua, kote jandieri, maia gabunia. nomerze muSaobdnen: qeTevan kvitatiani, Teiko anjafariZe, maia gabunia, nika nozaZe. konsultanti gogi maWavariani damkabadonebel-dizaineri iana daneliani foto garekanze daviT kakalaSvili fotoebi: giorgi grZeliSvilis, goga Canadiris, miSa giorgaZis, Tornike ziziaSvilis, qeTevan kvitatianis da arqivSi daculi fotomasala. © gamocdebis erovnuli centri ISSN 2346-7509 www.naec.ge www.facebook.com/pages/naecge www.facebook.com/pages/ჟურნალი-Naecge info@naec.ge +995 32 2473333. 76 oqtomberi 2013, #2 www.naec.ge NAEC.GE rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma? `erTxel 11 wlis biWma, romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar mogwons mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo? mipasuxa, me pativs ar mcemeno... vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom mSoblebs ar uyvarxar? rogor arao, mipasuxa, magram siyvaruli da pativiscema sxvadasxva rameao. mere ganazogada da Tqva, am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs pativs ar scemeno... ~ gv. 14. borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi rekomendaciebi gamosaSvebi gamocdebisTvis saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi oqtomberi 2013, #2 www.naec.ge NAEC.GE 2013 wlis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programebi da rekomendaciebi rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma? "erTxel 11 wlis biWma, romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar mogwons mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo? mipasuxa, me pativs ar mcemeno... vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom mSoblebs ar uyvarxar? rogor arao, mipasuxa, magram siyvaruli da pativiscema sxvadasxva rameao. mere ganazogada da Tqva, am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs pativs ar scemeno... " gv. 9. borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi rekomendaciebi gamosaSvebi gamocdebisTvis saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi 2013 wlis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programebi (qimia, fizika, biologia, geografia) da rekomendaciebi © gamocdebis erovnuli centri ydis foto giorgi grZeliSvili NAEC.GE rCevebi qimiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis qimiis saatestato gamocdisaTvis momzadebis periodSi ixelmZRvaneleT „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ mier warmodgenili programiT, romelic erovnul saswavlo gegmas efuZneba, agreTve, saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebiT, romlebic ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mieraa damtkicebuli. yuradReba miaqcieT saxelmZRvaneloebSi mocemul ilustraciebs, grafikebs, sqemebs, cxrilebsa da diagramebs, romlebidanac saWiro informacia unda moipovoT da gamoiyenoT igi konkretuli amocanis gadasaWrelad. gamocdaze gamoyenebuli iqneba testuri davalebebi 4 savaraudo pasuxiT, romelTagan mxolod erTia swori. zogierTi davaleba gamoTvliTi tipisaa. gamoTvlebi ar moiTxovs rTuli maTematikuri aparatis gamoyenebas. gamoTvlebi SegiZliaT awarmooT Savi samuSaosaTvis gankuTvnil furclebze. gamocdis dros SesaZlebloba geqnebaT gamoiyenoT Semdegi damxmare masala: • qimiuri elementebis perioduli sistema; • xsnadobis cxrili; • metalTa Zabvis eleqtroqimiuri mwkrivi. es masala did daxmarebas gagiwevT davalebebis SesrulebaSi. gisurvebT warmatebas! skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programa qimiaSi (2013 wlis Semodgoma, 2014 wlis gazafxuli) moswavles unda SeeZlos: 1. sakiTxis codnis, gagebisa da gamoyenebis demonstrireba • ZiriTadi cnebebis, faqtebis, kanonebis codna, Sesabamisi terminologiiT axsna-ganmarteba, maTi adekvaturi da praqtikuli gamo yeneba. 2. monacemebis wakiTxva da organizeba • sxvadasxva teqstidan, naxatidan, grafikidan, sqemidan, cxrilidan da diagramidan saWiro informaciis wakiTxva; • monacemebis gadayvana erTi saxidan meoreSi (mag., cxrilebis grafikebSi da sxv.). 3. monacemebis analizi da Sefaseba • fizikur sidideebs Soris zogadi kanonzomierebebisa da raodenobrivi kavSirebis dadgena; 3 NAEC.GE • monacemTa interpretacia, analizi da daskvnis gamotana; • monacemTa klasificireba; • movlenaTa mizezebis axsna. mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena. 4. problemis gadaWra • problemis gadaWris gzebis SerCeva; • problemis gadaWris etapebis gansazRvra; • problemis gadaWra. sakiTxTa CamonaTvali 1. qimiis ZiriTadi cnebebi da kanonebi sakiTxTa dazusteba •martivi da rTuli nivTierebebi; •sufTa nivTiereba da narevi. narevebis dayofis xerxebi; •gansxvaveba fizikur da qimiur movlenebs Soris. •qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi da mimdinareobis pirobebi; •qimiuri elementis cneba. qimiuri simboloebi; •qimiuri formulis Sedgena valentobis mixedviT; •qimiuri elementis valentobis gansazRvra araorganul naerTebSi; •moli – nivTierebis raodenobis sazomi. avogadros ricxvi. moluri masa; •avogadros kanoni. airis moluri moculoba. airis fardobiTi simkvrive; •qimiuri reaqciis tolobis Sedgena; •SeerTebis, daSlis, Canacvlebisa da mimocvlis reaqciebi. 2. araorganul naerTTa klasebi: _ oqsidebi; _ fuZeebi; _ mJavebi; _ marilebi; _ kavSiri sxvadasxva klasis naerTebs Soris. •oqsidebis, fuZeebis, mJavebisa da marilebis klasifikacia; • oqsidebis, fuZeebis, mJavebisa da marilebis formulebis Sedgena; •oqsidis miReba martivi da rTuli nivTierebebis wviT; •tutis miReba metalidan, metalis oqsididan; •mJavas miReba arametalidan (uJangbado mJavebis) da arametalTa oqsidebidan (Jangbadiani mJavebis); •marilebis miRebis xerxebi (10 ZiriTadi xerxi). 4 NAEC.GE 3. atomis aRnagoba. periodulobis kanoni. qimiur elementTa perioduli sistema. • atombirTvis Sedgeniloba; • metalebi da arametalebi periodul sistemaSi; • elementebis da maTi naerTebis Sedareba periodebsa da jgufebSi; Tvisebebis • elementis umaRlesi oqsidis formulis dadgena perioduli sistemis A jgufebSi; • arametalis wyalbadnaerTis formulis dadgena jgufebSi; • I-III periodebis elementTa eleqtronuli formulebis Sedgena; • elementTa atomebis eqtrouaryofiTobebis Sedareba perioduli sistemis mixedviT. 4. eleqtrouaryofiToba, Jangvis ricxvi, JangvaaRdgeniTi reaqciebi. •elementis Jangvis ricxvis gansazRvra wyalbadnaerTebSi, oqsidebsa da Jangbadian mJavebSi; •elementis Jangvis ricxvis gansazRvra binarul naerTSi eleqtrouaryofiTobisa da perioduli sistemis gamoyenebiT; •qimiuri reaqciis tipis (Jangva-aRdgeniTi da araJangva-aRdgeniTi) dadgena Jangvis ricxvis cvlilebis mixedviT; •Jangva-aRdgeniT reaqciaSi mJangavisa da aRmdgenis gansazRvra; •Jangva-aRdgeniTi reaqciebis tolobis gaTanabreba. 5. qimiuri bmis tipebi: _ ionuri; _ kovalenturi; _ metaluri. •naerTSi qimiuri bmis tipis dadgena formulis mixedviT; •ionuri, polaruli da arapolaruli kovalenturi bmebis gansxvaveba; sigma- da pi-bmebi; •nivTierebis Sedgena. 6. xsnarebi _ nivTierebaTa xsnadoba; _ eleqtrolituri disociacia; _ ionuri mimocvlis reaqciebi. eleqtronuli (luisis) formulis •najeri da ujeri xsnarebi; •xsnadoba. xsnadobaze moqmedi faqtorebi; •xsnaris koncentracia. nivTierebis masuri wili xsnarSi; •mJavebis, tuteebisa da marilebis eleqtrolituri disociacia; •ionuri mimocvlis reaqciebis mimdinareobis pirobebi; •sruli da Sekvecili ionuri reaqciebi. 5 NAEC.GE 7. qimiuri kinetika: _ reaqciis siTburi efeqti; _ Seqcevadi da Seuqcevadi reaqciebi; _ qimiuri reaqciis siCqare; _ qimiuri wonasworoba. •reaqciis siCqaris grafiki; 8. qimiuri elementebis da maTi naerTebis ZiriTadi Tvisebebi da gamoyeneba qlori: •bunebaSi gavrceleba; •reaqciis siCqareze moqmedi faqtorebi (nivTierebis buneba, temperatura, koncentracia, Sexebis zedapiris farTobi, katalizatori); •egzoTermuli da endoTermuli reaqciebi; •qimiur wonasworobaze moqmedi faqtorebi (nivTierebebis koncentracia, wneva da temperatura). •izotopebi; •eleqtronuli aRnagoba (normalur mdgomareobaSi); •fizikuri Tvisebebi; •qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba wyalbadTan, metalebTan, wyalTan, halogenidebTan; •gamoyeneba. gogirdi: •bunebaSi gavrceleba; •eleqtronuli aRnagoba; •fizikuri Tvisebebi, alotropebi; •qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba wyalbadTan, JangbadTan, metalebTan; •gamoyeneba. azoti: •bunebaSi gavrceleba; •eleqtronuli aRnagoba; •fizikuri Tvisebebi; •qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba wyalbadTan; •gamoyeneba. naxSirbadi: •bunebaSi gavrceleba; •eleqtronuli aRnagoba (normalur da agznebul mdgomareobebSi); •fizikuri Tvisebebi da alotropia; •sruli da arasruli wva; •gamoyeneba. 6 NAEC.GE natriumi: •bunebaSi gavrceleba; •eleqtronuli aRnagoba; •fizikuri Tvisebebi; •qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba JangbadTan, qlorTan, gogirdTan, wyalTan; •gamoyeneba. kalciumi: •bunebaSi gavrceleba; •eleqtronuli aRnagoba; •fizikuri Tvisebebi; •urTierTqmedeba JangbadTan, qlorTan, gogirdTan, wyalTan; •gamoyeneba. alumini: •bunebaSi gavrceleba; •eleqtronuli aRnagoba; •fizikuri Tvisebebi; •urTierTqmedeba JangbadTan, qlorTan, gogirdTan, mJavasTan; •gamoyeneba. rkina: •bunebaSi gavrceleba; •fizikuri Tvisebebi; •urTierTqmedeba JangbadTan, qlorTan, gogirdTan, marilmJavasTan; •rkinis Jangva tenian haerze; •gamoyeneba. 9. organuli qimia: _ organul naerTTa aRnagobis Teoriis ZiriTadi debulebebi; _ naxSirwyalbadebi; _ funqciurjgufiani naerTebi; _ kavSiri organul naerTTa klasebs Soris. alkanebi: •meTanis homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da pirveli 10 wevri); •izomeria da nomenklatura; •fizikuri Tvisebebi; • alkanebis qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, qlorTan Canacvleba; •gamoyeneba. 7 NAEC.GE alkenebi: • eTilenis homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da pirveli 5 wevri); • izomeria da nomenklatura; •fizikuri Tvisebebi; •miReba alkanebis dehidrirebiT; •alkenebis qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, mierTeba (H2, Br2, HBr, H2O), polimerizacia; •ZiriTadi cnebebi: polimeri, monomeri, monomeruli erTeuli, polimerizaciis xarisxi; •gamoyeneba. alkinebi: • acetilenis homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da pirveli 5 wevri); • izomeria da nomenklatura; • fizikuri Tvisebebi; • miReba alkenebis dehidrirebiT; • acetilenis miReba meTanidan da karbididan; • acetilenis qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, mierTeba (H2, Br2, H2O); • acetilenis gamoyeneba. benzoli: • aRnagoba (hibridizacia); • fizikuri Tvisebebi; • miReba acetilenidan; • qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, bromireba, nitrireba, mierTeba (wyalbadis da qloris); • gamoyeneba. erT- da mravalatomiani spirtebi: • homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da pirveli 5 wevri); • izomeria da nomenklatura; • fizikuri Tvisebebi; • qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, Jangva (dehidrireba), Sidamolekuluri da molekulaTaSorisi dehidratacia, urTierTqmedeba tute liTonebTan; • miReba alkenis hidrataciiT; • gamoyeneba; • eTilenglikolis da glicerinis fizikuri Tvisebebi da gamoyeneba. aldehidebi: • homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da pirveli 5 wevri); 8 NAEC.GE • nomenklatura; • fizikuri Tvisebebi; • qimiuri Tvisebebi: Jangva (`vercxlis sarkis~ reaqcia), aRdgena (hidrireba); • gamoyeneba. najeri erTfuZiani karbonmJavebi: • homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da pirveli 5 wevri); • izomeria da nomenklatura; • fizikuri Tvisebebi; • mJava Tviseba (eleqtrolituri disociacia); • qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba liTonebTan, fuZe oqsidebTan, hidroqsidebTan da marilebTan (karbonatebTan), esterifikaciis reaqcia; • miReba aldehididan; • gamoyeneba. cximebi: • Sedgeniloba. myari da Txevadi cximebi; • cximebis hidrolizi da hidrogenizacia; • gamoyeneba. naxSirwylebi: • glukozis molekulis Sedgeniloba (funqciuri jgufebi); • fizikuri Tvisebebi; • glukozis warmoqmna fotosinTezis dros (reaqciis toloba); • glukozis daSla sunTqvisa da duRilis procesebSi (reaqciebis tolobebi); • fruqtoza – glukozis izomeri; • saqarozas Sedgeniloba da hidrolizi; • saxameblis Sedgeniloba da hidrolizi, aRmoCena iodiT; • celulozas Sedgeniloba da hidrolizi; • naxSirwylebis gamoyeneba. aminebi: • klasifikacia da nomenklatura; • urTierTqmedeba wyalTan da mJavebTan. aminomJavebi da cilebi: • aminomJavebis nomenklatura; • aminomJavebis amfoteruli buneba; • cilebis warmoqmna aminomJavebisgan (peptiduri bma). 9 NAEC.GE rCevebi fizikis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis fizikis saatestato gamocdisaTvis momzadebis periodSi ixelmZRvaneleT „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ mier warmodgenili programiT, romelic erovnul saswavlo gegmas efuZneba, agreTve, saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebiT, romlebic damtkicebulia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier. yuradReba gaamaxvileT saxelmZRvaneloebSi mocemuli amocanebis amoxnaze. ivarjiSeT grafikebidan, sqemebidan, cxrilebidan da diagramebidan saWiro informaciis mopovebasa da mis gamoyenebaSi konkretuli amocanis amoxsnisas. gamocdaze gamoyenebuli iqneba testuri davalebebi 4 savaraudo pasuxiT, romelTagan mxolod erTia swori. zogierTi davaleba gamoTvliTi tipisaa. gamoTvlebi ar moiTxovs rTuli maTematikuri aparatis gamoyenebas. gamoTvlebi SegiZliaT awarmooT Savi samuSaosaTvis gankuTvnil furclebze. gisurvebT warmatebas! 2013 - 2014 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programa fizikaSi sagamocdo programa fizikaSi efuZneba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2006 wlis 28 seqtembris № 841 brZanebiT damtkicebul erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobriv programas. sagnobrivi unar-Cvevebi moswavles unda SeeZlos: 1. codna, gageba da gamoyeneba • ZiriTadi cnebebis, faqtebis, kanonebis codna, Sesabamisi terminologiiT axsna-ganmarteba, maTi adekvaturi da praqtikuli gamo yeneba. 2. monacemebis wakiTxva da organizeba • sxvadasxva teqstidan, naxatidan, grafikidan, sqemidan, cxrilidan da diagramidan saWiro informaciis wakiTxva; • monacemebis gadayvana erTi saxidan meoreSi (mag., cxrilebis gra fikebSi da sxv.). 3. monacemebis analizi da Sefaseba • fizikur sidideebs Soris zogadi kanonzomierebebisa da raodenobrivi kavSirebis dadgena; 10 NAEC.GE • monacemTa interpretacia, analizi da daskvnis gamotana; • monacemTa klasificireba; • movlenaTa mizezebis axsna. mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena. 4. problemis gadaWra • problemis gadaWris gzebis SerCeva; • problemis gadaWris etapebis gansazRvra; • problemis gadaWra. sakiTxTa CamonaTvali 1. kinematika sakiTxTa dazusteba meqanikuri moZraoba. gadataniTi da brunviTi moZraoba. nivTieri wertili. aTvlis sxeuli, traeqtoria. gavlili manZili. gadaadgileba. skalaruli da veqtoruli sidideebi. mdebareobisa da moZraobis fardobiToba. wrfivi Tanabari moZraoba. siCqare, siCqaris erTeulebi. gavlili manZilis, droisa da siCqaris gamosaTvleli formulebi. manZilisa da siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafikebi. erTi wrfis gaswvriv moZravi sxeulebis siCqareTa Sekrebis wesi. wrfivi araTanabari moZraoba. myisi siCqare. saSualo siCqare. wrfivi TanabaraCqarebuli moZraoba. aCqareba, misi erTeuli. aCqarebis, siCqarisa da gadaadgilebis droze damokidebulebis formulebi. siCqarisa da aCqarebis droze damokidebulebis grafikebi. Tanabari moZraoba, wrewirze brunvis periodi da sixSire. 2. niutonis kanonebi da bu niutonis I kanoni. sxeulebis inertuloba. masa. masis erTeunebis Zalebi li. simkvrive. simkvrivis erTeuli. aTvlis inerciuli sistemebi. sxeulis urTierTqmedeba. Zala. niutonis II kanoni Zalis erTeuli. tolqmedi Zala. erTi wrfis gaswvriv mimarTuli Zalebis Sekreba. niutonis III kanoni. msoflio mizidulobis kanoni. gravitaciuli mudmiva. simZimis Zala. sxeulTa Tavisufali vardna. Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba. drekadobis Zala sixiste. hukis kanoni. uZraobis xaxunis Zala. srialis xaxunis Zala. xaxunis koeficienti. 3. mudmivosxeulis impulsi. impulsis erTeuli. impulsis mudmivobis bis kanonebi me kanoni. qanikaSi meqanikuri muSaoba da simZlavre. maTi erTeulebi. meqanikuri energia. kinetikuri energia. sxeulisa da dedamiwis urTierTqmedebis potenciuri energia. drekadad deformirebuli sxeulis potenciuri energia. meqanikuri energiis mudmivobis kanoni. potenciuri da kinetikuri energiis urTierTgardaqmna. 11 NAEC.GE 4. statika Zalis momenti, simZimis centri, wonasworobis saxeebi, uZravi brunvisRerZis mqone sxeulis wonasworobis piroba. martivi meqanizmebi berketi. WoWonaqi. daxrili sibrtye. 5. hidro da aerostatika wneva. wnevis erTeulebi. siTxis wneva WurWlis fskersa da kedlebze. wnevis formula. paskalis kanoni. ziari WurWeli. atmosferuli wneva. normaluri atmosferuli wneva. arqimedes Zalis formula. sxeulTa curvis pirobebi. 6. meqaniku ri rxevebi da talRebi rxeviTi moZraoba. amplituda. rxevis periodi da sixSire. maTi erTeulebi. meqanikuri talRebi. kavSiri talRis sigrZes, gavrcelebis siCqaresa da sixSires Soris. ganivi da grZivi talRebi. bgeriTi talRa. bgeris siCqare sxvadasxva garemoSi. bgeris xmamaRloba da tonis simaRle. eqo. 7. geomertiuli optika sinaTlis gavrceleba erTgvarovan garemoSi. Crdilis warmoqmna. sinaTlis wertilovani wyaroebi. sinaTlis arekvla. arekvlis kanonebi. gamosaxulebis ageba brtyel sarkSi. sarkuli da difuzuri arekvla. sinaTlis gardatexa. gardatexis kanonebi. gardatexis maCvenebeli. misi kavSiri garemoSi sinaTlis gavrcelebis siCqaresTan. sinaTlis dispersia, speqtri. 8. siTburi movlenebi nivTierebis agebuleba. molekulebis urTierTqmedeba. molekulebis siTburi moZraoba. temperatura. kelvinis da celsiusis skalebi. kavSiri maT Soris. absoluturi temperatura. airebis, siTxeebis da myari sxeulis agebuleba. difuzia. brounis moZraoba. Sinagani energia da misi Secvlis gzebi. Tbogadacemis saxeebi (Tbogamtaroba, konveqcia, gamosxiveba). siTbos raodenoba, misi formula da erTeulebi. kuTri siTbotevadoba. misi erTeuli. sawvavis wvis kuTri siTbo. misi erTeuli. myari sxeulebis dnoba da gamyareba. dnobis kuTri siTbo, misi erTeuli. kristaluri sxeulis dnobis grafiki. aorTqleba da kondensacia. orTqladqcevis kuTri siTbo, misi erTeuli. duRili. 9. eleqtruli movlenebi el. muxti. muxtis mudmivobis kanoni. muxtebis urTierTqmedeba. muxtis erTeuli. kulonis kanoni. eleqtruli deni. denis Zala, misi erTeuli. omis kanoni wredis ubnisaTvis. Zabva. misi erTeuli. gamtaris winaRoba. misi erTeuli. gamtaris winaRobis damokidebuleba mis geometriul zomebsa da gvarobaze. kuTri winaRoba. gamtarTa paraleluri da mimdevrobiTi SeerTeba. denisa da Zabvis gazomva. apermetri da voltmetri. maTi wredSi CarTvis wesebi. eleqtruli wredisa da misi elementebis sqemuri gamosaxva. wredis Sedgena mocemuli elementebis gamoyenebiT. denis muSaoba da simZlavre. maTi erTeulebi. joul-lencis kanoni. 12 NAEC.GE rCevebi biologiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis biologiis saatestato gamocdis davalebebi efuZneba skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programas. ekranze mogewodebaT davaleba. TiToeul testur davalebas Tan axlavs oTxi savaraudo pasuxi, romelTagan mxolod erTia marTebuli. aplikantebs evalebaT swori pasuxis amocnoba da misi moniSvna ekranze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki davalebaSi gamoyenebulia uaryofis nawilaki (ar), igi gamuqebulia da xazgasmuli. aplikantma yuradReba unda miaqcios SekiTxvis formas, raTa Secdoma ar dauSvas pasuxis gacemis dros. davalebaTa erTi jgufi dafuZnebulia ilustraciis analizze. ilustraciebad gamoyenebulia mrudebi, diagramebi da/an suraTebi. aplikantebma unda gaiazron SekiTxva mowodebuli ilustraciis konteqstSi da SearCion marTebuli pasuxi. gisurvebT warmatebas! skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis programa 2013 wlis Semodgomisa da 2014 wlis gazafxulisaTvis moswavles unda SeeZlos: 1. sakiTxis codnis, gagebis da gamoyenebis demonstrireba • ZiriTadi cnebebis, faqtebis, kanonebis codna, Sesabamisi terminologiiT axsna -ganmarteba, maTi adekvaturi da praqtikuli gamoyeneba. 2. monacemebis wakiTxva da organizeba • sxvadasxva teqstidan, naxatidan, grafikidan, sqemidan, cxrilidan da diagramidan saWiro informaciis wakiTxva; • monacemebis gadayvana erTi saxidan meoreSi (mag., cxrilebis grafikebSi da sxv.). 3. monacemebis analizi da Sefaseba • fizikur sidideebs Soris zogadi kanonzomierebebisa da raodenobrivi kavSirebis dadgena; • monacemTa interpretacia, analizi da daskvnis gamotana; • monacemTa klasificireba; • movlenaTa mizezebis axsna. mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena. 4. problemis gadaWra • problemis gadaWris gzebis SerCeva; • problemis gadaWris etapebis gansazRvra; • problemis gadaWra. 13 NAEC.GE sakiTxTa CamonaTvali 1. ujredis sasicocxlo cikli 2. gamravleba sakiTxTa dazusteba interfaza da mitozi. sqesobrivi da usqeso gamravleba; sasqeso ujredebis Camoyalibeba cxovelebSi,meiozi; 3. organizmTa individualuri ganviTareba cxovelur organizmTa embrionuli da postembrionuli ganviTareba. 4. nivTierebaTa cvla uj redSi cilis biosinTezi (genetikuri kodi, trans kripcia, translacia). 5. memkvidreobiTobis ka nonzomierebebi pirveli Taobis erTgvarobis kanoni, daTiSvis kanoni. genTa damoukidebeli memkvidreobis kanoni (mono- da dihibriduli hibriduli Sejvarebis magaliTze). alelur genTa urTierTqmedeba. 6. sqesis genetika sqesTan SeWiduli niSan-Tvisebebis memkvidreoba. 7. cvalebadobis kanonzomierebebi aramemkvidruli _ modifikaciuri cvalebadoba. memkvidruli _ mutaciuri (genuri, qromosomuli, genomuri). 8. darvinis evoluciuri Teoria darvinis moZRvreba bunebriv gadarCevaze. arsebobisaTvis brZola. mikroevolucia: bunebrivi gadarCevis formebi bunebrivi gadarCevis saboloo Sedegi: makroevolucia: 14 mamoZravebeli da mastabilizebeli. Seguebuloba da misi formebi. axal saxeobaTa warmoqmna: alopatriuli (geografiuli) da simpatriuli (ekologiuri). evoluciis mimarTulebebi: arogenezi, alogenezi da katagenezi. NAEC.GE 9. ekologiuri sistema da ekologiuri faqtorebi bioturi, abioturi (temperatura, sinaTle, wyali -tenianoba) da anTropogenuri faqtorebi; organizmTa urTierTda mokidebulebis formebi parazitizmi, neitralizmi, simbiozi, konku rencia, mtacebloba; avtotrofebi da heterotrofebi; kvebis tipebi producenti, konsumenti, reducenti; kvebiTi jaWvi, kvebiTi qseli. kvebiTi kavSirebi gamosaSvebi gamocdis moTxovnebi biologiaSi araqarTulenovani skolebisaTvis 1. sagamocdo programiT gansazRvruli faqtobrivi masalis codna. 2. SeZenili codnis safuZvelze cocxal bunebaSi mimdinare mniSvnelovani procesebis daxasiaTeba da analizi. 3. grafikebidan, sqemebidan, cxrilebidan da diagramebidan mopovebuli informaciis gamoyenebis unari. 4. cocxali sistemis agebulebisa da funqciis urTierTdamokidebulebis gansazRvra. sagamocdo programa biologiaSi 1. sicocxlis ZiriTadi niSnebi moZraoba, kveba, sunTqva, gamoyofa, gaRizianebadoba, zrda-ganviTareba, gamravleba. 2. cocxali sistemis organizaciis doneebi molekuluri, ujreduli, qsoviluri, organoTa, organizmuli, populaciuri, biocenozuri, ekosistemuri, biosferuli. 15 NAEC.GE 1. ujredi 1. eukariotuli da prokariotuli ujredebi 2. ujredis gayofa 3. sicocxlis araujre duli formebi prokariotebi plazmuri membrana, ujredis kedeli: maTi agebuleba da funqcia. citoplazma: endoplazmuri bade, ribosoma, mitoqondria, plastidebi, goljis aparati, lizosoma, vakuoli, ujredis centri - maTi agebuleba da funqcia. birTvi: garsi, qromosomebi, birTvaki, maTi agebuleba da funqcia. ujreduli cikli: interfaza da mitozi. virusebi: agebuleba, gamravleba da maT mier gamowveuli zogierTi daavadeba. baqteriebi: agebuleba, gamravleba da mniSvneloba. 2. adamiani 1. sayrden _ mamoZravebeli sistema mniSvneloba, ConCxis agebuleba da funqcia. ZvalTa SeerTebis saxeebi. kunTebis saxeebi: ganivzoliani, gluvi da gulis kunTebi. maTi agebuleba da funqcia. 2. saWmlis momnelebeli sistema sistemis nawilebis agebuleba da funqcia. sakvebis moneleba sistemis organoebSi, Sewova, defekacia. 3. sasunTqi sistema sistemis nawilebis agebuleba da funqcia. airTa cvla filtvebsa da qsovilebSi. sunTqviTi moZraobebi. filtvebis sasicocxlo tevadoba. 4. sisxli plazma. formiani elementebi – agebuleba, funqcia. sisxlis jgufebi; rezus faqtori. imuniteti. 5. sisxlis mimoqcevis sistema 16 sistemis nawilebis agebuleba da funqcia. didi da mcire wre. gulis muSaoba. pulsi, wneva. sisxldena. NAEC.GE 6. Sardgamomyofi sis tema, kani agebuleba da funqciebi. 7. endokrinuli sistema mniSvneloba. Sinagani sekreciis jirkvlebi (farisebri, kuWqveSa, Tirkmelzeda, hipofizi). hormonebi (Tiroqsini, insulini, glukagoni, adrenalini). endokrinuli jirkvlebis hiper- da hipofunqciiT gamowveuli daavadebebi. 8. nervuli sistema nervuli sistemis nawilebi. refleqsuri rkali. zurgis tvinisa da Tavis tvinis agebuleba, funqciebi. grZnobaTa organoebi mxedvelobisa da smenis organoebis agebuleba, funqcionireba. axlomxedveloba da Sorsmxedveloba. 3. memkvidreobiToba da cvalebadoba 1. memkvidreobiTobis kanonzomierebebi 2. sqesis genetika 4. cvalebadobis kanonzomierebebi pirveli Taobis erTgvarobis kanoni, daTiSvis kanoni. genTa damoukidebeli memkvidreobis kanoni (mono- da dihibriduli hibriduli Sejvarebis magaliTze). alelur genTa urTierTqmedeba. sqesTan SeWiduli niSan-Tvisebebis memkvidreoba. aramemkvidruli _ modifikaciuri cvalebadoba. memkvidruli _ mutaciuri. 17 NAEC.GE rCevebi geografiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis geografiis saatestato gamocda efuZneba erovnul saswavlo gegmas da ar scildeba misi moTxovnebis farglebs. gamocdisaTvis momzadebis periodSi ixelmZRvaneleT „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ mier warmodgenili programiT. masSi miTiTebulia yvela is sakiTxi da unari, romlebic Semowmdeba saatestato gamocdaze. momzadebisas dagexmarebaT ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier grifirebuli VII, VIII, IX da XI klasebis geografiis saxelmZRvaneloebi. gamocdaze gamoyenebuli iqneba testuri davalebebi 4 savaraudo pasuxiT da maTgan mxolod erTia swori. es davalebebi ramdenime tipad aris dayofili, romlebic moiTxovs: • rukis kiTxvasa da analizs; • fotoebis, diagramebis, grafikebisa da cxrilebis kiTxvasa da analizs; • martiv ariTmetikul gamoTvlebs; • faqtobrivi masalisa da geografiuli terminebis codnasa da gamoyenebas. gamocdis dros SesaZlebloba geqnebaT gamoiyenoT saqarTvelosa da msoflios A3 formatis fizikuri rukebi, romlebic gamocdis dawyebis win dagirigdebaT da dagexmarebaT davalebebis SesrulebaSi. gisurvebT warmatebas! 2013-14 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis programa geografiaSi (qarTulenovani skolebisaTvis) gamocdaze mowmdeba: • • • • faqtobrivi masalis codna; geografiuli cnebebisa da terminebis adekvaturi gamoyeneba; geografiuli rukebis kiTxva; sxvadasxva tipis TvalsaCinoebebis (fotoebis, grafikebis, cxrilebisa da diagramebis) gamoyenebiT informaciis Sejereba/analizi; • geografiuli movlenebisa da procesebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis garCeva, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena; 18 NAEC.GE sagnobrivi kompetencia1: sakiTxTa CamonaTvali sakiTxis dazusteba geografiis Sesavali: geografiis mecnierebis Sesava li, struqtura da kvlevis sagani • geografiis Seswavlis obieqti da miznebi; • geografiis mecnierebis struqtura da calkeuli mimarTulebebis definiciebi. ruka da sxvadasxva tipis Tval saCinoebebi • rukebi (rukis legenda, masStabi, orientireba, ekvatori, polusebi, tropikebi da polaruli wreebi, gradusTa bade, grZedi da ganedi, geografiuli koordinatebi, adgilis simaRlis gansazRvra (absoluturi da SefardebiTi simaRleebi), saWiro informaciis moZieba da interpretacia, analizi, amocanebis gadaWra). • sxvadasxva tipis TvalsaCinoebebis (foto, naxati, sqema, cxrili, grafiki, diagrama) gamoyeneba, informaciis analizi, amocanebis gadaWra. • saqarTvelosa da msoflios fizikur- geografiuli nomenklatura (mniSvnelovani geografiuli obieqtebi)2 msoflio okeanis nawilebi, kontinentebi da misi nawilebi, reliefis ZiriTadi formebi, Sida wylebi. sabunebismetyvelo geografia: planeta dedamiwa • dedamiwis dRe-Ramuri da wliuri moZraoba; • sasaaTo zonebi da TariRTa cvlis saerTaSoriso xazi. 1 programaSi VII, VIII, IX, X klasebisaTvis mocemulia 2005-2011 ww. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisi sakiTxebi, xolo XI klasisaTvis - axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa. Sesabamisad, programaSi ar Sedis axali esg-s mixedviT X klasSi gaTvaliswinebuli „msoflios geografiis“ kursi. 2 gamocdaze aplikantebs daurigdebaT saqarTvelosa da msoflios fizikuri rukebi. 19 NAEC.GE reliefi • endogenuri da egzogenuri amindi da klimati • haeris temperatura (saSualo reliefwarmomqmneli procesebi, reliefis formebi da tipebi; reliefis gavlena klimatze, meurneobaze. temperatura, amplituda), temperaturis cvlileba ganedis, absoluturi simaRlisa da okeanidan daSorebis mixedviT; • atmosferuli wneva; sxvadasxva tipis qarebi, maTi warmoSoba da gavrcelebis kanonzomierebebi (brizi, musoni, pasati, fioni); • atmosferuli naleqebi, maTi saxeebi da gavrcelebis kanonzomierebebi (wvima, setyva, Tovli, nami, TrTvili); • klimatis gavlena gansaxlebaze da sameurneo saqmianobaze (soflis meurneobaze, transportze, mSeneblobaze). Sida wylebi • mdinareebi, tbebi, myinvarebi, bunebrivi resursebi • bunebrivi resursebis gavrceleba, wyalsacavebi (sazrdooba da reJimi, gavlena meurneobaze). mniSvneloba, klasifikacia da racionaluri gamoyeneba (sasargeblo wiaRiseuli da bunebis dacva). sazogadoebrivi geografia1: mosaxleobis geografia da demografia • mosaxleobis struqtura; • mosaxleobis bunebrivi moZraoba (Sobadobis, mokvdavobisa da bunebrivi moZraobis koeficientebi); • meqanikuri moZraoba (migraciis tipebi, mizezebi, faqtorebi); • simWidrove, gansaxlebis tipebi da urbanizacia. 1 1 2013-14 wlis programisTvis (2013 w. Semodgomis gamocda) msoflios geografiis sakiTxebi mocemulia VII, VIII, IX klasebis esg-is mixedviT. 20 NAEC.GE • mmarTvelobis formisa da qveynebis klasifikacia administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis mixedviT; • socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis donis mixedviT (adamianis (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsi, mSp). saerTaSoriso organizaciebi • gaero, nato, evropis kavSiri, evrosabWo, wiTeli jvari, soki. saqarTvelos geografia: saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis mdebareoba • sazRvrebi, farTobi, fizikur- geografiuli mdebareoba, fizikurgeografiuli dayofa, politikuradministraciuli dayofa, mmarTvelobis forma; • evropa-azias Soris sazRvris gatarebis versiebi. saqarTvelos bunebis komponentebi • reliefis ZiriTadi formebi da tipebi; • atmosferos cirkulaciis ZiriTadi Taviseburebebi; • havis ZiriTadi elementebi; • Sida wylebi (mdinareebi, tbebi, myinvarebi, wyalsacavebi); • Savi zRva; • flora da fauna. saqarTvelos bunebrivi resur sebi • saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani resursebis garemosdacviTi problemebi da stiqiuri movlenebi • atmosferos, wylisa da niadagis geografia (saTbob-energetikuli, Savi da feradi liTonebi, saSeni masalebi, mineraluri da Termuli wylebi). dabinZureba; • miwisZvra, mewyeri, zvavi, Rvarcofi, wyaldidoba, setyva. 21 NAEC.GE bunebis dacva • daculi teritoriebis geografia da saqarTvelos mosaxleoba • mosaxleobis raodenoba, teritoriuli tipebi, Seqmnis mizezebi da miznebi, mniSvneloba da dacvis gansakuTrebuli obieqtebi. ganlageba da dinamika; • mosaxleobis struqtura (sqesobriv- asakobrivi, erovnuli, eTnikuri, religiuri); • demografiuli da migraciuli procesebi; • saqalaqo da sasoflo dasaxlebebis geografia, urbanizacia. saqarTvelos meurneoba • mrewveloba, soflis meurneoba, saqarTvelos regionebi • Tbilisi, kaxeTi, samegrelo da zemo momsaxurebis sfero. svaneTi, qvemo qarTli, mcxeTa-mTianeTi, imereTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, raWaleCxumi da qvemo svaneTi, Sida qarTli, guria, aWara, afxazeTi (mdebareoba, teritoria, sazRvrebi, bunebrivi pirobebi da resursebi, mosaxleoba, ekonomika, RirSesaniSnaobebi). globaluri geografia: globalizacia • globalizaciis procesis arsi da cneba; • globalizaciis indeqsi da kriteriumebi; • globaluri problemebis saxeebi da maTi urTierTkavSiri; • globaluri problemebi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi. politikuri xasiaTis globaluri problemebi 22 • mSvidoba da ganiaraReba. NAEC.GE socialur-ekonomikuri xasiaTis globaluri problemebi • SromiTi migracia; • kulturuli globalizacia; • ekonomikuri globalizacia; • msoflio finansuri nakadebi da centrebi; • cxovrebis done da xarisxi. globaluri ekologiuri prob lemebi • bunebrivi da teqnogenuri katastrofebi; • bunebaTsargebloba da mdgradi ganviTareba; • garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi da organizaciebi. literatura ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier grifirebuli saxelmZRvaneloebi geografiaSi VII-XI kl. 2013-14 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis programa geografiaSi (araqarTulenovani skolebisaTvis) gamocdaze mowmdeba: • faqtobrivi masalis codna; • geografiuli cnebebisa da terminebis adekvaturi gamoyeneba; • geografiuli rukebis kiTxva; • sxvadasxva tipis TvalsaCinoebebis (fotoebis, grafikebis, cxrilebisa da diagramebis) gamoyenebiT informaciis Sejereba/analizi; • geografiuli movlenebisa da procesebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis garCeva, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena; 23 NAEC.GE sagnobrivi kompetencia1: sakiTxTa CamonaTvali sakiTxis dazusteba geografiis Sesavali: geografiis mecnierebis Se sa vali, struqtura da kvlevis sagani • geografiis Seswavlis obieqti da miznebi; • geografiis mecnierebis struqtura da calkeuli mimarTulebebis definiciebi. ruka da sxvadasxva TvalsaCinoebebi tipis • rukebi (rukis legenda, masStabi, orientireba, ekvatori, polusebi, tropikebi da polaruli wreebi, gradusTa bade, grZedi da ganedi, geografiuli koordinatebi, adgilis simaRlis gansazRvra (absoluturi da SefardebiTi simaRleebi), saWiro informaciis moZieba da interpretacia, analizi, amocanebis gadaWra). • sxvadasxva tipis TvalsaCinoebebis (foto, naxati, sqema, cxrili, grafiki, diagrama) gamoyeneba, informaciis analizi, amocanebis gadaWra. • saqarTvelosa da msoflios fizikur- geografiuli nomenklatura (mniSvnelovani geografiuli obieqtebi)2 - msoflio okeanis nawilebi, kontinentebi da misi nawilebi, reliefis ZiriTadi formebi, Sida wylebi. sabunebismetyvelo geografia: planeta dedamiwa • dedamiwis dRe-Ramuri da wliuri moZraoba; • sasaaTo zonebi da TariRTa cvlis saerTaSoriso xazi. 1 programa mTlianad efuZneba Zvel esg-is (2005-2011 ww.), Sesabamisad programaSi ar Sedis „globaluri geografiis“ kursiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebi. 24 NAEC.GE reliefi • endogenuri da egzogenuri amindi da klimati • haeris temperatura (saSualo reliefwarmomqmneli procesebi, reliefis formebi da tipebi; reliefis gavlena klimatze, meurneobaze. temperatura, amplituda), temperaturis cvlileba ganedis, absoluturi simaRlisa da okeanidan daSorebis mixedviT; • atmosferuli wneva; sxvadasxva tipis qarebi, maTi warmoSoba da gavrcelebis kanonzomierebebi (brizi, musoni, pasati, fioni); • atmosferuli naleqebi, maTi saxeebi da gavrcelebis kanonzomierebebi (wvima, setyva, Tovli, nami, TrTvili); • klimatis gavlena gansaxlebasa da sameurneo saqmianobaze (soflis meurneobaze, transportze, mSeneblobaze). Sida wylebi • mdinareebi, tbebi, myinvarebi, bunebrivi resursebi • bunebrivi resursebis gavrceleba, wyalsacavebi (sazrdooba da reJimi, gavlena meurneobaze). mniSvneloba, klasifikacia da racionaluri gamoyeneba (sasargeblo wiaRiseuli da bunebis dacva). sazogadoebrivi geografia: mosaxleobis geografia da demografia • mosaxleobis struqtura; • mosaxleobis bunebrivi moZraoba (Sobadobis, mokvdavobisa da bunebrivi moZraobis koeficientebi); • meqanikuri moZraoba (migraciis tipebi, mizezebi, faqtorebi); • simWidrove, gansaxlebis tipebi da urbanizacia. 25 NAEC.GE • mmarTvelobis formisa da qveynebis klasifikacia administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis mixedviT; • socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis donis mixedviT (adamianis (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsi, mSp). saerTaSoriso organizaciebi • gaero, nato, evropis kavSiri, evrosabWo, wiTeli jvari, soki. meurneobis dargobrivi struqtura • mrewveloba, soflis meurneoba, didi Svideulis qveynebi da msoflios regionebi • didi Svideulis qveynebis mdebareoba, momsaxurebis sfero. buneba, mmarTvelobis forma, administraciul-teritoriuli mowyoba, mosaxleoba, meurneoba, ekonomikuri centrebi da ekonomikuri maCveneblebi, kulturuli mravalferovneba. • regionebis dasaxeleba da Semavali qveynebi, mdebareoba da sazRvrebi, bunebrivi pirobebi da resursebi, mosaxleoba, ekonomika. saqarTvelos geografia: saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis mdebareoba • sazRvrebi, farTobi, fizikur- geografiuli mdebareoba, fizikurgeografiuli dayofa, politikuradministraciuli dayofa, mmarTvelobis forma; • evropa-azias Soris sazRvris gatarebis versiebi. saqarTvelos bunebis komponentebi • reliefis ZiriTadi formebi da tipebi; • atmosferos cirkulaciis ZiriTadi Taviseburebebi; • havis ZiriTadi elementebi; • Sida wylebi (mdinareebi, tbebi, myinvarebi, wyalsacavebi); • Savi zRva; • flora da fauna. 26 NAEC.GE saqarTvelos sursebi bunebrivi re garemosdacviTi problemebi da stiqiuri movlenebi • saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani resursebis geografia (saTbob-energetikuli, Savi da feradi liTonebi, saSeni masalebi, mineraluri da Termuli wylebi). • atmosferos, wylisa da niadagis dabinZureba; • miwisZvra, mewyeri, zvavi, Rvarcofi, wyaldidoba, setyva. bunebis dacva • daculi teritoriebis geografia da saqarTvelos mosaxleoba • mosaxleobis raodenoba, teritoriuli tipebi, Seqmnis mizezebi da miznebi, mniSvneloba da dacvis gansakuTrebuli obieqtebi. ganlageba da dinamika; • mosaxleobis struqtura (sqesobriv- asakobrivi, erovnuli, eTnikuri, religiuri); • demografiuli da migraciuli procesebi; • saqalaqo da sasoflo dasaxlebebis geografia, urbanizacia. saqarTvelos meurneoba • mrewveloba, soflis meurneoba, saqarTvelos regionebi • Tbilisi, kaxeTi, samegrelo da zemo momsaxurebis sfero. svaneTi, qvemo qarTli, mcxeTa-mTianeTi, imereTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi, Sida qarTli, guria, aWara, afxazeTi (mdebareoba, teritoria, sazRvrebi, bunebrivi pirobebi da resursebi, mosaxleoba, ekonomika, RirSesaniSnaobebi). literatura ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier grifirebuli saxelmZRvaneloebi geografiaSi VII-XI kl. 27 NAEC.GE sarCevi rCevebi qimiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis................................3 skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programa qimiaSi..........................................3 rCevebi fizikis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis........................... 10 2013 - 2014 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programa fizikaSi................................................... 10 rCevebi biologiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis...................... 13 skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis programa 2013 wlis Semodgomisa da 2014 wlis gazafxulisaTvis................................................. 13 gamosaSvebi gamocdis moTxovnebi biologiaSi araqarTulenovani skolebisaTvis.................................................................. 15 rCevebi geografiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis.................... 18 2013-14 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis programa geografiaSi (qarTulenovani skolebisaTvis).............................. 18 2013-14 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis programa geografiaSi (araqarTulenovani skolebisaTvis)......................... 23 28 oqtomberi 2013, #2 www.naec.ge NAEC.GE 2013 wlis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programebi da rekomendaciebi rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma? "erTxel 11 wlis biWma, romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar mogwons mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo? mipasuxa, me pativs ar mcemeno... vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom mSoblebs ar uyvarxar? rogor arao, mipasuxa, magram siyvaruli da pativiscema sxvadasxva rameao. mere ganazogada da Tqva, am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs pativs ar scemeno... " gv. 9. borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi rekomendaciebi gamosaSvebi gamocdebisTvis saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi
