Painting Art History

Artist Name: Unknown
Country: Lascaux France
Date: c 15,000 and 13,000 B.C. (15,000 to 17,000 years old)
Title of One Art Work: Cave Paintings
Description: Animals that served as a food source for
natives who lived in the region. The animal images may
have had religious significance to the artists.
Influences: Materials available in the area. Images
relevant to the artists.
The cave was discovered on September 12, 1940 by four teenagers.
Gift shop at Lascaux ….the caves are no longer open to the public, replica paintings
are available for public viewing.
The cave was discovered on September 12, 1940 by four teenagers, Marcel Ravidat,
Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and Simon Coencas, as well as Marcel's dog, Robot. [2]
Public access was made easier after World War II. By 1955, the carbon dioxide
produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the paintings. The cave
was closed to the public in 1963 in order to preserve the art. After the cave was closed,
the paintings were restored to their original state, and were monitored on a daily basis.
Rooms in the cave include The Great Hall of the Bulls, the Lateral Passage, the Shaft of
the Dead Man, the Chamber of Engravings, the Painted Gallery, and the Chamber of Felines.
Reproductions of some Lascaux artworks in Lascaux II
Lascaux II, a replica of two of the cave halls — the Great Hall of the Bulls and the
Painted Gallery — was opened in 1983, 200 meters from the original. [2] Reproductions
of other Lascaux artwork can be seen at the Centre of Prehistoric Art at Le Thot, France.
Since 1998 the cave has been beset with a fungus, variously blamed on a new air
conditioning system that was installed in the caves, the use of high-powered lights,
and the presence of too many visitors.[3] As of 2008, the cave contained black mold
which scientists were and still are trying to keep away from the paintings. In January
2008, authorities closed the cave for three months even to scientists and
preservationists. A single individual was allowed to enter the cave for 20 minutes
once a week to monitor climatic conditions. Now only a few scientific experts are
allowed to work inside the cave and just for a few days a month but the methods of
removing this fungi has taken its toll and left dark patches where it happened ruining
the pigmentation.[4]
The cave contains nearly 2,000 figures, which can be grouped into three main categories
— animals, human figures and abstract signs. Notably, the paintings contain no images
of the surrounding landscape or the vegetation of the time[5]. Most of the major images
have been painted onto the walls using mineral pigments, although some designs have
also been incised into the stone. Many images are too faint to discern, while others have
deteriorated.
In recent years new research has suggested that the Lascaux paintings may incorporate
prehistoric star charts. Dr Michael Rappenglueck of the University of Munich argues
that some of the non-figurative dot clusters and dots within some of the figurative
images correlate with the constellations of Taurus, The Pleiades and the grouping
known as the "Summer Triangle"[8]. Based on her own study of the astronomical
significance of Bronze Age petroglyphs in the Vallée des Merveilles[9] and her extensive
survey of other prehistoric cave painting sites in the region — most of which appear to
have been specifically selected because the interiors are illuminated by the setting sun
on the day of the winter solstice — French researcher Chantal Jègues-Wolkiewiez has
further proposed that the gallery of figurative images in the Great Hall represents an
extensive star map and that key points on major figures in the group correspond to stars
in the main constellations as they appeared in the Paleolithic[10][11].
Renaissance 1400 - 1525
Artist Name: Leonardo Da Vinci
Country: Italy
Date: 1503-1506
Title of One Art Work: The Mona Lisa
Description: Portrait of a Florentine woman dressed in the fashion of the day,
possibly Lisa Del Giocondo, wife of Frencesco del Diocondo. Painted on a wooden
panel, the work uses a painting technique called sfumato, or the blending of layers.
Her mysterious smile is topic of much speculation and has made the work world
famous.
Influences: The art of Italy was influenced by the re-birth or re-discovery of art &
science during the Renaissance and Leonardo was one of the leading artists of
the time. The ruling Medici family was well know for their support of artist and they
supported the creation of religious art for the Catholic Church.
Leonardo took the Mona Lisa with him to France where he was employed as a
weapons designer and the Mona Lisa remains in the Louvre Museum in Paris to this
day.
The Mona Lisa
The Last Supper
Leonardo Da Vinci
Fresco
Note the use of linear perspective.
Leonardo’s self portrait
Drawing from Leonardo’s sketchbook
Leonardo Da Vinci
Study of grotesque faces
Anatomical studies
Leonardo Da Vinci
The Annunciation
Leonardo Da Vinci
Tank drawing & prototype
Leonardo Da Vinci
Parachute drawing & prototype
Leonardo Da Vinci
Catapult drawing & prototype
Renaissance 1400 - 1525
Artist Name: Michelangelo
Country: Italy
Date: 1508-1512
Title of One Art Work: The Sistine Chapel ―The Creation of Adam‖
Description: Fresco painting (pigment into wet plaster) Bible scenes
painted on the ceiling of the church.
Influences: The Catholic Church - Bible/ Commissions from church leaders.
Intense competition with Leonardo da Vinci…..
Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
The Sistine Chapel
―The Creation of Adam‖
Michelangelo
The Sistine Chapel
―The Creation of Adam‖
Michelangelo
―The Pieta‖
―David‖
Baroque 1600 - 1800
Artist Name: Caravaggio
Country: Italy
Date: Early 1600’s
Title of One Art Work: The Crucifixion of St. Peter
Description: Emotionally charged, dramatic lighting, strong diagonal placement
of lines and shapes.
Influences: Start of the reformation, art works are brutally realistic.
Caravaggio was a troubled man with many encounters with the law.
The Crucifixion
of St. Peter
1600-6601
Oil on canvas
The Crucifixion of Saint Peter (Italian: Crocifissione di san Pietro; 1600) is a
work by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, painted for the Cerasi Chapel
of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome.
The painting depicts the martyrdom of St. Peter by crucifixion—Peter asked that
his cross be inverted so as not to imitate his mentor, Christ, hence he is depicted
upside-down. The large canvas shows Romans, their faces shielded, struggling to
erect the cross of the elderly but muscular St. Peter. Peter is heavier than his aged
body would suggest, and his lifting requires the efforts of three men, as if the
crime they perpetrate already weighs on them.
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was
an Italian artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily between 1593 and 1610.
His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both
physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative
influence on the Baroque school of painting.[1]
The Decapitation of Saint John the Baptist
1607 – 1608
Oil on canvas
Caravaggio (1573-1610). Probably the most revolutionary artist of his time, the Italian painter
Caravaggio abandoned the rules that had guided a century of artists before him.
They had idealized the human and religious experience. He was born Michelangelo Merisi on
Sept. 28, 1573, in Caravaggio, Italy. As an adult he would become known by the name of his
birthplace. Orphaned at age 11, he was apprenticed to the painter Simone Peterzano of Milan for
four years. At some time between 1588 and 1592, Caravaggio went to Rome and worked as an
assistant to painters of lesser skill. About 1595 he began to sell his paintings through a dealer.
The dealer brought Caravaggio to the attention of Cardinal Francesco del Monte.
Through the cardinal, Caravaggio was commissioned, at age 24, to paint for the church
of San Luigi dei Francesi. In its Contarelli Chapel Caravaggio's realistic naturalism first
fully appeared in three scenes he created of the life of St. Matthew. The works caused
public outcry, however, because of their realistic and dramatic nature.
Despite violent criticism, his reputation increased and Caravaggio began to be envied. He had
many encounters with the law during his stay in Rome. He was imprisoned for several assaults
and for killing an opponent after a disputed score in a game of court tennis. Caravaggio fled the
city and kept moving between hiding places. He reached Naples, probably early in 1607, and
painted there for a time, awaiting a pardon by the pope. Here there was a in his painting style.
The dark and urgent nature of his paintings at this time must have reflected Caravaggio's
desperate state of mind. Early in 1608 Caravaggio went to Malta and was received as a celebrated
artist. Fearful of pursuit, he continued to flee for two more years, but his paintings of this time
were among the greatest of his career. After receiving a pardon from the pope, he was wrongfully
arrested and imprisoned for two days. A boat that was to take him to Rome left without him,
taking his belongings. Misfortune, exhaustion, and illness overtook him as he helplessly watched
the boat depart. He collapsed on the beach and died a few days later on July 18, 1610.
The Stigmatization of Saint Francis
c. 1596
Oil on canvas
The Golden Age (Dutch: Gouden Eeuw) was a period in Dutch history, roughly
spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, military and art were
among the most acclaimed in the world.
Artist Name: Rembrandt Van Rijn
Country: Dutch ―Netherlands
Date: 1606 -1669
Title of One Art Work: The Night Watch ―The Militia Company of Captain
Frans Banning Cocq, 1642.
Description: A group portrait with extreme highlights & shadows
Influences: The rise of commercial trade in the Netherlands.
Dramatic use of light & shadow in his work.
The Night Watch
Artist : Rembrandt
Year: 1642
Type: Oil on canvas
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (Dutch pronunciation:
[ˈrɛmbrɑnt ˈɦɑrmənsoˈn vɑn ˈrɛin], July 15, 1606[1] – October 4, 1669) was a
Dutch painter and etcher. He is generally considered one of the greatest painters
and printmakers in European art history and the most important in
Dutch history.[2] His contributions to art came in a period that historians call the
Dutch Golden Age.
Having achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, his later years were
marked by personal tragedy and financial hardships. Yet his etchings and
paintings were popular throughout his lifetime, his reputation as an artist
remained high,[3] and for twenty years he taught nearly every important
Dutch painter.[4] Rembrandt's greatest creative triumphs are exemplified
especially in his portraits of his contemporaries, self-portraits and illustrations
of scenes from the Bible. His self-portraits form a unique and intimate biography,
in which the artist surveyed himself without vanity and with the utmost sincerity. [2]
In both painting and printmaking he exhibited a complete knowledge of classical
iconography, which he molded to fit the requirements of his own experience;
thus, the depiction of a biblical scene was informed by Rembrandt's knowledge
of the specific text, his assimilation of classical composition, and his observations
of Amsterdam's Jewish population.[5] Because of his empathy for the human
condition, he has been called "one of the great prophets of civilization." [6]
In contrast to his successful public career, however, Rembrandt's family life was
marked by misfortune. Between 1635 and 1641 Saskia gave birth to four children,
but only the last, Titus, survived; her own death came in 1642- at the age of 30.
Hendrickje Stoffels, engaged as his housekeeper about 1649, eventually became
his common-law wife and was the model for many of his pictures. Despite
Rembrandt's financial success as an artist, teacher, and art dealer, his penchant
for ostentatious living forced him to declare bankruptcy in 1656. An inventory
of his collection of art and antiquities, taken before an auction to pay his debts,
showed the breadth of Rembrandt's interests: ancient sculpture, Flemish and
Italian Renaissance paintings, Far Eastern art, contemporary Dutch works,
weapons, and armor. Unfortunately, the results of the auction – including
the sale of his house - were disappointing.
Title: Lucretia.
Date: 1666
Medium: Oil on canvas
Lucretia is a legendary figure
in the history of the Roman
Republic. According to the story,
told mainly by the Roman
historian Livy and the Greek
historian Dionysius of
Halicarnassus
(who lived in Rome at the time of
the Roman Emperor Caesar
Augustus), her rape by the king's
son and consequent suicide
were the immediate cause of the
revolution that overthrew the
monarchy and established
the Roman Republic.
Rococo 1700 - 1780
Artist Name: Jean Honore Fragonard
Country: France
Date: 1766
Title of One Art Work: The Swing
Description: A romantic encounter……a feminine look with many curves
and embellishments
Influences: the rise of power of women in Europe and Russia….
Rebellion to Louis the XIV
Jean-Honore Fragonard
The Swing
1766
Oil on canvas
Fragonard's scenes of frivolity and gallantry are considered the embodiment of the
Rococo spirit. A pupil of Chardin and later Boucher, he won the Prix de Rome and
from 1756 to 1761 was in Italy, where he developed a particular admiration for
Tiepolo and the late Baroque style. In this period he specialized in large historical
paintings.
Returning to Paris, he soon changed this style, adopting instead the erotic subjects
then in vogue and for which he is chiefly known, of which The Swing is the most
famous.
This picture became an immediate success, not merely for its technical excellence,
but for the scandal behind it. The young nobleman is not only getting an interesting
view up the lady's skirt, but she is being pushed into this position by her priestlover, shown in the rear.
In this same spirit are some other famous pictures, The See-Saw, Blindman's Bluff,
The Stolen Kiss, and the Meeting. After his marriage in 1769, he began painting
children and family scenes (usually called genre painting) and even returned to
religious subjects. He stopped exhibiting publicly in 1770 and all his later works are
commissions from private patrons.
To many, this painting embodies the entire spirit of the ancien regime on the eve of
the revolution. What elements do you find representative of French society and
morals?
Jean-Antoine
Watteau
Pilgrimage to Cythera is an embellished repetition of his painting
of 1717, and exemplifies the frivolity and sensuousness of Rococo painting.
The style reflects the joy and optimism of the times. Rococo affected many areas
within the arts including painting, architecture, sculpture and interior design.
Rococo was the chosen artistic style by the rising middle class.
As all art movements reflected the times and the political social atmosphere,
so did Rococo. It was the end of a more stagnate and strict period of time and
an era full of optimism for the future. The arts began to pursue themes of interest
and of amusement.
Artist Name: John Constable
Country: England / Great Britain
Date: 1821
Title of One Art Work: The Haywain
Description: Scenes of everyday life, emphasis on detail and texture.
Influences: Understanding nature and natural themes…first painting
done outdoors on location.
Description John Constable’s The Hay Wain
Date 1821(1821)
Beginning in the late 18th century and lasting until the middle of the 19th century
a new Romantic attitude began to characterize culture and many art works in
Western civilization. It started as an artistic and intellectual movement that
emphasized a revulsion against established values (social order and religion).
Instead Romanticism exalted individualism, subjectivism, irrationalism,
imagination, emotions and nature, it valued emotion over reason and senses over
intellect. These artists and philosophers of the time were in revolt against the
existing social order and they favored the revival of potentially unlimited number
of artistic styles (basically anything that aroused their senses or imagination).
George Caleb Bingham
John William Waterhouse
c. 1845
The Lady of Shalott
Fur traders on the Missouri River
Romanticism
1888
Artist Name: Winslow Homer
Country: American / U.S.A.
Date: 1876
Title of One Art Work: ―Breezing Up‖
Description: Three boys and their father sailing…not idealized
or stylized….realistic.
Influences: Homer was a field illustrator during the Civil
War….He attempted to create lifelike themes with realistic
subjects. His subjects were usually of water or nature.
Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 – September 29, 1910) was an American
landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects. He is
considered one of the foremost painters in 19th century America and a preeminent
figure in American art. Largely self-taught, Homer began his career working as a
commercial illustrator.[1] He subsequently took up oil painting and produced major
studio works characterized by the weight and density he exploited from the
medium. He also worked extensively in watercolor, creating a fluid and prolific
oeuvre, primarily chronicling his working vacations. [2][3]
Winslow Homer
Breezing Up
1876
Oil on canvas
Other Realist: Jean Francois Millet
The Gleaners
Other Realist:
Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot(1796-1875) - Les contrebandiers
Homer, Winslow
The Fox Hunt
1893
Oil on canvas
Winslow Homer
Hound and Hunter, 1892
oil on canvas
Winslow Homer
Civil War Illustrations
Winslow Homer (United States, 1836 – 1910), “Young
Ducks”, 1897.
Watercolor on paper, 14 x 21 inches.
Winslow
Homer
Watercolors
Artist Name: Claude Monet
Country: France
Date: 1906
Title of One Art Work: ―Water Lilies‖
Description: Capturing the effects of light on objects .
Influences: The Impressionist left the studio and painted
landscapes
and street scenes around them.
Claude Monet (French
pronunciation: [klod mɔnɛ]),
born Oscar Claude Monet
1840 – 1926), was a
founder of French
impressionist painting, and
the most consistent and
prolific practitioner of the
movement's philosophy of
expressing one's perceptions
before nature, especially as
applied to plein-air landscape
painting. The term
Impressionism is derived
from the title of his painting
Impression, Sunrise.
Claude Monet
1906
Water Lilies
Oil on canvas
Artist Monet (1840–1926)
Title Français : Terrasse à Sainte-Adresse
Date 1866/1867
Medium Oil on canvas
Claude Monet
Pheasant
1869
Oil on canvas
Other Impressionists
Renoir
The Seine At Asnieres
Oil on canvas
Two Sisters (On the Terrace)
1881
Impressionist
―Race Horses‖
Edgar Degas
Pastel on panel
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association
of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence
in the 1870s and 1880s. The name of the movement is derived from the title of a
Claude Monet work, Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant), which provoked
the critic Louis Leroy to coin the term in a satiric review published in Le Charivari.
Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include relatively small, thin, yet visible
brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on the accurate depiction of light in its
changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary
subject matter, the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception
and experience, and unusual visual angles. The emergence of Impressionism in the
visual arts was soon followed by analogous movements in other media which
became known as Impressionist music and Impressionist literature.
Impressionism also describes art created in this style, but outside of the late 19th
century time period.
Artist Name: Vincent Van Gogh
Country: France
Date: 1889
Title of One Art Work: ―A Starry Night‖
Description: A swirling nigh full of stars
Influences: Color contrast…..heavy texture and brush strokes
…..inner conflicts and mental illness (epilepsy)
Vincent Van Gogh
―A Starry Night‖
Van Gogh
self portraits
Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch):
30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter whose work had
a far-reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact.
He suffered from anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout
his life and died, largely unknown, at the age of 37 from a self-inflicted gunshot
wound.
Little appreciated during his lifetime, his fame grew in the years after his death.
Today, he is widely regarded as one of history's greatest painters and an important
contributor to the foundations of modern art. Van Gogh did not begin painting until
his late twenties, and most of his best-known works were produced during his final
two years. He produced more than 2,000 artworks, consisting of around 900 paintings
and 1,100 drawings and sketches. Although he was little known during his lifetime,
his work was a strong influence on the modernist art that followed. Today many of his
pieces—including his numerous self portraits, landscapes, portraits and sunflowers—
are among the world's most recognizable and expensive works of art.
Vincent Van Gogh
―Wheat Field under Threatening Skies‖
Vincent Van Gogh
Landscape
Wheat Fields
Café at night
Vincent Van Gogh
Fishing Boats
Vincent Van Gogh
Night Cafe
1888
Artist Name: Edvard Munch
Country: Norway
Date: 1893
Title of One Art Work: ―The Scream‖
Description: A man on a bridge surround by a sky of fire
Influences: Emotionally charged art that uses color to emphasize
content.
Edvard Munch
Norway
1893
―The Scream‖
The Scream (Norwegian: Skrik; created in 1893–1910[1]) is the title of
expressionist paintings and prints in a series by Norwegian artist Edvard
Munch, showing an agonized figure against a blood red sky. The landscape in
the background is Oslofjord, viewed from the hill of Ekeberg, in Oslo (then
Kristiania), Norway.
Edvard Munch created several versions of The Scream in various media. The
Munch Museum holds one of two painted versions (1910, see gallery) and one
pastel. The National Gallery of Norway holds the other painted version (1893,
shown to right). A fourth version, in pastel, is owned by Norwegian
businessman Petter Olsen. Munch also created a lithograph of the image in
1895.[2]
The Scream has been the target of several high-profile art thefts. In 1994, the
version in the National Gallery was stolen. It was recovered several months
later. In 2004, The Scream and Madonna were stolen from the Munch Museum.
Both paintings were recovered in 2006. They had sustained some damage and
went back on display in May 2008, after undergoing restoration. [1]
'Expressionism' was a cultural movement, initially in poetry and painting,
originating in Germany at the start of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to
present the world in an utterly subjective perspective, radically distorting it
for emotional effect, to evoke moods or ideas.[1][2] Expressionist artists sought
to express the meaning of "being alive"[3] and emotional experience rather
than physical reality.[3][4]
Expressionism emerged as an 'avant-garde movement' in poetry and
painting before the First World War. It remained popular during the Weimar
years,[1] particularly in Berlin. The movement was embodied in various art
forms, including painting, literature, theatre, dance, film, architecture and
music.
The term is sometimes suggestive of emotional angst. In a general sense,
painters such as Matthias Grünewald and El Greco can be called
expressionist, though in practice, the term is applied mainly to 20th century
works. The Expressionist stress on the individual perspective has been
characterized as a reaction to positivism and other artistic movements such
as naturalism and impressionism.[5]
―Ashes‖
Edvard Munch
Expressionists
Franz Marc
―Blue Horses‖
Artist Name: Salvador Dali
Country: Spain
Date: 1931
Title of One Art Work: ―The Persistence of Memory‖
Description: Unusual combinations of objects to create dream like
fantasy art.
Influences: Sigmund Freud….Dreams are the key to understanding
human behavior. Religious influences.
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquis of Dalí de Púbol
(May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989), commonly known as Salvador Dalí
(Catalan pronunciation: [səɫβəˈðo dəˈɫi]), was a prominent Spanish Catalan surrealist
painter born in Figueres.
Dalí was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking and bizarre images in his
surrealist work. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance
masters.[1][2] His best-known work, The Persistence of Memory, was completed in 1931.
Dalí's expansive artistic repertoire includes film, sculpture, and photography, in
collaboration with a range of artists in a variety of media.
Dalí attributed his "love of everything that is gilded and excessive, my passion for
luxury and my love of oriental clothes"[3] to a self-styled "Arab lineage," claiming that
his ancestors were descended from the Moors.
Dalí was highly imaginative, and also had an affinity for partaking in unusual and
grandiose behavior, in order to draw attention to himself. This sometimes irked those
who loved his art as much as it annoyed his critics, since his eccentric manner
sometimes drew more public attention than his artwork
Salvador Dali
―The Persistence of Memory‖
The well-known surrealist piece
introduced the image of the soft
melting pocket watch. It epitomizes
Dalí's theory of "softness" and
"hardness", which was central to his
thinking at the time. As Dawn Ades
wrote, "The soft watches are an
unconscious symbol of the relativity of
space and time, a Surrealist meditation
on the collapse of our notions of a fixed
cosmic order"[1]. This interpretation
suggests that Dalí was incorporating an
understanding of the world introduced
by Albert Einstein's Special Theory of
Relativity.
Although fundamentally part of Dalí's
Freudian phase, the imagery precedes
his transition to his scientific phase by
fourteen years, which occurred after an
atomic bomb was dropped in 1945.
It is possible to recognize a human
figure in the middle of the composition,
in the strange "monster" that Dalí used
in several period pieces to represent
himself – the abstract form becoming
something of a self portrait,
reappearing frequently in his work. The
orange clock at the bottom left of the
painting is covered in ants. Dali often
used ants in his paintings as a symbol
for death, as well as a symbol of female
genitalia.
The figure in the middle of the picture
is symbolized as a "fading" creature, as
which, when one often dreams he or
she cannot pin-point the exact form and
composition of a creature. You can also
see that the creature has one closed eye
with several eyelashes. This also
suggests that the creature is in a dreamstate. The iconography of this famous
painting is that of a dream that Dalí had
experienced. The clocks symbolize the
passing of time that one experiences in
Salvador Dali's
Geoploliticus
Dali
Salvadore Dali
Sleep
apparition
of face and
fruit dish
Crucifixion
Artist Name: Pablo Picasso
Country: Spain
Date: 1937
Title of One Art Work: ―Guernica‖
Description: The horrors of war…..destruction of shapes…..multiple
views
Influences: African sculpture….Einstein…..Space, time, relativity
Guernica is a painting by Pablo Picasso, in response to the bombing of Guernica, Basque Country, by German
and Italian warplanes at the behest of the Spanish Nationalist forces, on 26 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil
War. The Spanish Republican government commissioned Pablo Picasso to create a large mural for the Spanish
display at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) Paris International
Exposition in the 1937 World's Fair in Paris.
Guernica shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it inflicts upon individuals, particularly innocent
civilians. This work has gained a monumental status, becoming a perpetual reminder of the tragedies of war, an
anti-war symbol, and an embodiment of peace. On completion Guernica was displayed around the world in a
brief tour, becoming famous and widely acclaimed. This tour helped bring the Spanish Civil War to the world's
attention.
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan
Nepomuceno María de los Remedios
Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y
Picasso known as Pablo Ruiz Picasso
(Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlo ˈrwiθ
piˈkaso]; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973)
was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and
sculptor who lived most of his adult life in
France. He is best known for co-founding
the Cubist movement and for the wide
variety of styles embodied in his work.
Among his most famous works are the
proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
(1907) and Guernica (1937), his portrayal of
the German bombing of Guernica during
the Spanish Civil War.
Picasso demonstrated uncanny artistic talent
in his early years, painting in a realistic
manner through his childhood and
adolescence; during the first decade of the
20th century his style changed as he
experimented with different theories,
techniques, and ideas. His revolutionary
artistic accomplishments brought him
universal renown and immense fortune
throughout his life, making him one of the
best-known figures in 20th century art.
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Pablo Picasso
Picasso ―femme-en-pleurs‖
Picasso Sculpture
Chicago
Figure by the sea
3 women
Cubism
Look at the fragmenting of shapes and planes
of color that are the beginning steps of abstract
art leading to non-objective art.
Artist Name: Jackson Pollock ―Jack the Dripper‖
Country: U.S.A.
Date: 1950
Title of One Art Work: ―Lavender Mist‖
Description: Paint thrown on canvas. Non-objective Art.
Influences: The act of creating the art was as important as the finished
product.
Pollock, Jackson
Lavender Mist: Number 1, 1950
Pollock at work
For about seven years, from late 1946 to 1953, Jackson Pollock was working
completely on his own. Very few people understood what he was trying to
do. A few artists were making action paintings, but no one produced
anything that was at all like Pollock’s layers of dripped paint.
Pollock was trying to do something in paint that no one had ever done
before. He considered the act of creation to be the important event. The
paintings were simply a result of the action.
Since Pollock considered his paintings to be an extension of himself, he had
to work in a certain way. He would roll about 20 feet of canvas on the
studio floor and open dozens of cans of industrial enamel. He would walk
around ―the area‖ as he called the canvas, and throw, drip, pour, and squirt
the paint using sticks, hardened paint brushes, tubes of paint, or his hands.
His control was amazing!
Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956) was an influential
American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement.
During his lifetime, Pollock enjoyed considerable fame and notoriety. He was
regarded as a mostly reclusive artist. He had a volatile personality, sometimes
struggling with alcoholism. In 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner, who
became an important influence on his career and on his legacy. [1]
Pollock died at the age of 44 in an alcohol-related car accident. In December
1956, he was given a memorial retrospective exhibition at the Museum of
Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, and a larger more comprehensive
exhibition there in 1967. More recently, in 1998 and 1999, his work was honored
with large-scale retrospective exhibitions at MoMA and at The Tate in London.[2]

Artist Name: Andy Warhol

Country: U.S.A.

Date: 1962

Title of One Art Work: ―Marilyn‖


Description: Bright bold colors – Everyday commerical
objects and famous people.
Influences: Popular culture – everyone or anything
deserves it’s fifteen minutes of fames….Commercial
printing technologies (screen printing)
Andy Warhol
Marilyn
Andy Warhol's Marilyn Prints
In the 1960s, Andy Warhol created several ―mass-produced‖ images from
photographs of celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley and Jackie
Onassis.
Andy Warhol (1928-1987) was a key figure in Pop Art, an art movement that
emerged in America and elsewhere in the 1950s to become prominent over the
next two decades.
The Fauves used non-representational color and representational form to convey
different sensations. Apply the same idea to the portrait of Marilyn Monroe
below, using the controls to adjust the colors. How does the color affect the mood?
Want to change the color of Warhol’s Marilyn ? Go to:
http://www.webexhibits.org/colorart/marilyns.html
John Lennon
Andy Warhol
Mick Jagger
Che Guevara
Warhol
Warhol
Skull
Elvis
Andrew Warhola (August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987), known as Andy Warhol,
was an American painter, printmaker, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in
the visual art movement known as pop art. After a successful career as a
commercial illustrator, Warhol became famous worldwide for his work as a painter,
avant-garde filmmaker, record producer, author, and member of highly diverse
social circles that included bohemian street people, distinguished intellectuals,
Hollywood celebrities and wealthy patrons.
Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions, books, and
feature and documentary films. He coined the widely used expression
"15 minutes of fame." In his hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
The Andy Warhol Museum exists in memory of his life and artwork.
The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is $100 million for a 1963
canvas titled Eight Elvises. The private transaction was reported in a 2009 article in
The Economist, which described Warhol as the "bellwether of the art market.
" $100 million is a benchmark price that only Jackson Pollock, Pablo Picasso,
Vincent van Gogh, Pierre-August Renoir, Gustav Klimt and Willem de Kooning
have achieved.[1]
Artist Name: Frank Shepard Fairey
Country: U.S.A.
Date: 2008
Title of One Art Work: Barack Obama "Hope" poster
Description: a stylized stencil portrait of Obama in solid
red, white (actually beige) and (pastel and dark) blue,
with the word "progress", "hope", or "change" below
(and other things in some versions).
Influences: Andy Warhol , Russian propaganda posters
The Barack Obama "Hope" poster is an image of Barack Obama designed by artist
Shepard Fairey, which was widely described as iconic and became synonymous
with the 2008 Obama presidential campaign.[1][2] It consists of a stylized stencil
portrait of Obama in solid red, white (actually beige) and (pastel and dark) blue,
with the word "progress", "hope", or "change" below (and other things in some
versions).
The design was created in one day and printed first as a poster. Fairey sold 350 of
the posters on the street immediately after printing them. It was then more widely
distributed—both as a digital image and other paraphernalia—during the 2008
election season, initially independently but with the approval of the official Obama
campaign. The image became one of the most widely recognized symbols of
Obama's campaign message, spawning many variations and imitations, including
some commissioned by the Obama campaign. This led The Guardian's Laura Barton
to proclaim that the image "acquired the kind of instant recognition of Jim
Fitzpatrick's Che Guevara poster, and is surely set to grace T-shirts, coffee mugs
and the walls of student bedrooms in the years to come." [3]
In January 2009, after Obama had won the election, Fairey's mixed-media stenciled
portrait version of the image was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for its
National Portrait Gallery. Later in January 2009, the photograph on which Fairey
based the poster was revealed: an April 2006 shot by former Associated Press
freelance photographer Mannie Garcia. In response to claims by the Associated
Press for compensation, Fairey sued for a declaratory judgment that his poster was
a fair use of the original photograph.
Obey Plagiarist Shepard Fairey
A critique by artist Mark Vallen
Published on the occasion of Fairey’s Los Angeles solo exhibition, Dec., 2007.
Most well known for his "Obey Giant" street posters, Shepard Fairey has carefully
nurtured a reputation as a heroic guerilla street artist waging a one man campaign
against the corporate powers-that-be. Infantile posturing aside, Fairey’s art is
problematic for another, more troubling reason - that of plagiarism
Aesthetics: ―What is Art?‖
What initially disturbed me about the art of Shepard Fairey is that it displays
none of the line, modeling and other idiosyncrasies that reveal an artist’s unique
personal style. His imagery appears as though it’s xeroxed or run through some
computer graphics program; that is to say, it is machine art that any second-rate
art student could produce.
In fact, I’ve never seen any evidence indicating Fairey can draw at all. Even the
art of Andy Warhol, reliant as it was upon photography and mass commercial
imagery, displayed passages of gestural drawing and flamboyant brushstrokes.
Frank Shepard Fairey
Kiss me deadly
Rise Above
Duality of Humanity 1
COMMANDA
http://obeygiant.com/fine-art