Tomato Insect Control in Tomatoes - Russell Labs...Tomato Russell

Insect Management in
Tomato
North American Farmers‟
Direct Marketing Convention
February 18, 2008
Russell L. Groves
Department of Entomology
537 Russell Laboratories
1630 Linden Drive
Madison, WI 53706
groves@entomology.wisc.edu
Varied Tomato Insect Pests
Common Pests
Tomato fruitworm
Tomato hornworm
Potato aphid
Cutworms - armyworms
Thrips
Tomato hornworm
Intermittent Pests
Flea beetles
Whiteflies
Two--spotted spider mites
Two
Colorado potato beetle
Vegetable leafminer
Tomato fruitworm
Common Tomato Insect Pests
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Direct Pests
Tomato fruitworm
Tomato hornworm
Stink bugs
Thrips
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Indirect Pests
Flea beetles
Thrips
Aphids
Spider mites
Western flower thrips
 Insect problems are usually minor
Potato aphids
Calendar of Tomato Insect Pests
April
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Potato and Green Peach Aphids
Western flower thrips
Tobacco thrips
Whiteflies
Stink bugs
Flea beetles
Flea beetles
Spider mites
Tomato hornworm
Tomato fruitworm
Cutworms
Armyworms
Leafminers
Colorado potato beetle
April
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Phenology of Insect Infestations
• Early season – planting to 1st flower
Flea beetles
Corn flea beetle
Tobacco thrips
Potato aphids
Potato aphids
Tobacco thrips
Flea Beetles as Tomato Pests
 Flea beetle (several species)
Appearance
•Small, shiny black beetles
•Hind legs enlarged for jumping
•Overwinter as adults
•2 generations per year
Damage
•Adults chew small circular holes
•Can kill small plants
•Larvae in soil are not damaging
Flea Beetle Management
Cultural
– Exclude adults with row cover
– Attract adults to alternate trap
crop (Indian mustard)
– Avoid early planting
Biological
– No effective controls
Chemical
– Spray to control adults (carbaryl, synthetic pyrethroids)
– DO NOT disrupt biological controls of other pests (aphids)
– Neonicotinoid insecticides
Thrips
• 4 narrow, fringed wings
• Tube
Tube--like mouthparts
• Virus vectors (TSWV & INSV)
Western flower thrips
Thrips Damage
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Rasping mouthparts puncture plant surfaces.
Egg--laying also damages plants.
Egg
Injury appears in streaks rather than spots ‘silvering’
‘silvering’..
Buds fail to open.
Thrips Damage – Virus Infection
Impatiens necrotic
spot virus (INSV)
Tomato spotted
wilt virus (TSWV)
Aphids
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Soft-bodied insects
SoftWings present or absent
Cornicles (tail pipes)
Honeydew
– Sooty mold
• May transmit viruses
• Reduces plant vigor,
stunting, malformation
Aphid Monitoring
• Check as many plants as possible
• Look at terminal buds and lower
leaf surfaces
• Cast skins, honeydew, & sooty
mold are indications of aphid
infestation.
• Yellow sticky traps can monitor
winged aphids
Aphid Parasitoids
Aphid IPM
• Sanitation
– Remove alternate hosts (weeds)
• Limit the use of quickquick-release fertilizer
• Beneficial Insects
– Green lacewings
– Ladybeetles
– Parasitic wasps
Aphid Chemical Control
• Rotate chemicals every 22-3 applications to
prevent insecticide resistance
• Organophosphate resistance common
AdmirePro / Marathon - drench better
Fulfill / Endeavor - slow killkill-but stop feeding fast
Methamidophos
Orthene, Talstar,
Talstar, Azatin
Azatin,, Avid
Avid,,
Beauvaria bassiana (Botanigard)
Neo-nicotinoid Insecticides for
NeoEarly –Season Insect Control
Beneficial Attributes
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Broad spectrum
 Flea beetles, thrips, aphids
Flexible
 Furrow, seed, layby
Long residual
 Rate dependant
 Excessive rain may impact
Low toxicity
 “Healthy Grown”
Disadvantages
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Same chemical class (Group 4 MoA)
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Resistance likely
Relative Efficacy of
Neo--nicotinoids
Neo
Insect
Soil applied
Admire Platinum
Foliar applied
Provado Assail
Flea beetle
+++
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Thrips (foliar)
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+
Aphids
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+++
Whiteflies
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Potato beetle
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+++
Tomato Fruitworm (corn earworm,
cotton bollworm)
Adult
• Does not overwinter
• Adults migrate from the south
• 2 generations / year
Egg
Eggs
• Laid singly on leaves
• Hatch in 55-7 days
• Feed externally on leaf and then bore
into fruit
Larvae
• Develop inside fruit
• Brownish or green in color (morphs)
Tomato Fruitworm Damage
Early larva
Occurrence
• 2nd generation only – Aug/Sept
Damage
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Late larva
Small larvae feed on leaves
Larger bore into fruit
Develop internally
Infested fruit may color early or rot
Major pest in CA and FL
Tomato Fruitworm Control
Cultural
– Plant early: avoidance in time
– Discard infested fruit
„Hartstack‟ Pheromone trap
Biological
– Effective parasites
– But will not prevent damage
Chemical
– Rarely necessary
– Disrupts natural control of other
pest (leaf miner, aphid)
Insect Migration Risk Forecast
Northern Illinois University
Fruitworm Insecticides
Pyrethroids
Asana
Baythroid
Capture / Brigade
Danitol
Mustang Max
Warrior
Pyganic, Evergreen
Others
Avaunt
Proclaim
SpinTor, Entrust
Bacillus thuringiensis
(Dipel, Javelin)
New registrations in 2008:
AltacorTM (rynaxypyr: DPXDPX-E2Y45)
Anthranilic diamide (chitin inhibitor: MoA group 28)
AlverdeTM (metaflumizone: BASBAS-320):
Sodium channel blocker (MoA Group 22)
Considerations when Choosing an
Insecticide for Fruitworm Control
• Other insects present
– Stink bug
– Armyworms
• Effect of Insecticides on potential pests
– Twospotted spider mite
• Preharvest Interval (PHI)
Tomato Hornworm
Life Cycle
Adult
Adult
Egg
• Large Hawk moth
• Resembles hummingbird
• Sips flower nectar
Eggs
• Eggs large, round
• Laid on leaves
• Parasites and predators common
Larva
Larvae
• Green with „reddish‟ horn
• Up to 22-3”
Pupae
Pupa
• Brown with a “handle”
• In soil
Tomato hornworm: Damage & Control
Occurrence
• Overwinters as pupa
• Large hawk moths emerge
• 2 generations per year
Damage
• Larvae consume lots of foliage
• Occasional fruit feeding
Control
Cultural: Remove larvae and squash!
Biological: Usually very effective
– Both predators (eggs)
and parasites (larvae)
Chemical
– Avoid use if possible
– Bacillus thuringiensis is effective
Tomato leafminer (Liriomyza
(Liriomyza spp.)
Occurrence
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Rarely damaging in Wisconsin
Biologically controlled
Avoid insecticide disruption
Major secondary pest in CA
and FL
Control
Remove infested leaves
Biologicals (wasps)
Insecticides: Trigard, AgriAgri-Mek
Resistance!
Greenhouse and Silverleaf Whitefly
Greenhouse
Whitefly
Occurrence
• Overwinters only in protected
areas or greenhouses
• Multiple generations
Silverleaf
Whitefly
Damage
• Usually not a problem in WI
• Honeydew, sooty mold on fruit
• Serious virus vector in FL and CA
Whitefly control
Cultural
Big--eyed bug
Big
– Only use clean transplants
– Crop free periods
Biological
– Effective controls not
always abundant in
Wisconsin
Chemical
– NeoNeo-nicotinoids
– Insect Growth Regulators
(Courier, Knack)
Minute
pirate bug
Conclusions
• Preplant or at planting use of Admire or
Platinum will control key insect pests to
flowering/first fruit set.
• Insecticide selection decision after first
flower
– Fruitworm control is paramount
– Early detection of cutworm, armyworm,
whitefly, stinkbug and two-spotted spider
mites are also important to adjust pesticide
program to avoid/cure problem.
Thank You,
Questions,
and
Always…
Read and Follow Label
Directions!
Pesticide Labels Change Frequently!