TO VIEW / PRINT ADVERTISEMENT - Psc.cg.gov.in.
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TO VIEW / PRINT ADVERTISEMENT - Psc.cg.gov.in.
(1) NRrhlx<+ yksd lsok vk;ksx] jk;iqj foKkiu dzekad 11@2014@ijh{kk@fnukad 05/09/2014 izdk'ku dh frfFk 10/09/2014 vkWuykbu vkosnu djus dh frfFk fnukad 10/09/2014 e/;kUg 12:00 cts ls fnukad 09/10/2014 jkf= 11:59 cts rd egRoiw.kZZ egRoiw.kZZ 1- foKkfir in gsrq vkosnu dsoy vkWuykbu gh Lohdkj fd, tk,axsA fdlh Hkh izdkj ds eSuqvy vFkok Mkd }kjk Hksts x, vkosnu i= vk;ksx }kjk LOkhdkj ugha fd, tk,axsA 2- ijh{kk ds fy, vkosnu djus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa dks vkosnu djus ds iwoZ Lo;a lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd os ijh{kk esa izos'k gsrq lHkh ik=rk 'krkssZa dks iwjk djrs gSaA lHkh ik=rk 'krksZa dks iwjk djus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa dks gh vkosnu djuk pkfg,A ijh{kk ds lHkh Lrjksa ij mudk izos'k iw.kZr% vuafre gksxk pkgs os fu/kkZfjr ik=rk 'krksZa dks iwjk djrs gksAa vH;FkhZ dks izos'k&i= tkjh fd, tkus dk vFkZ ;g ugha gksxk fd mldh vH;fFkZrk vk;ksx }kjk vafre :i ls Lohdkj dj yh xbZ gSA ijh{kk@lk{kkRdkj gsrq vH;FkhZ ds fpUgkadu ds ckn gh vk;ksx ik=rk 'krksZa dh tk¡p djrk gSA 3- mijksDr ijh{kk ds fy, vH;FkhZ }kjk ijh{kk 'kqYd o iksVZy 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku ØsfMV@MsfcV dkMZ vFkok baVjusV cSafdax ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA ijh{kk 'kqYd ds Hkqxrku ds fy, fdlh cSad ds Mªk¶V vFkok psd Lohdkj ugha fd;s tk,axsA 4- mijksDr ijh{kk ds fy, vkWuykbu vkosnu fnukad 10@09@2014 dks e/;kUg 12%00 cts ls 09@10@2014 jkf= 11%59 cts rd www.psc.cg.gov.in ij fd, tk ldsaxsA 5- vkWuykbu vkosnu esa =qfV lq/kkj dk dk;Z vkosnu djus dh vafre frfFk ds ckn fnukad 10@10@2014 vijkUg 12%00 cts ls 16@10@2014 jkf= 11%59 cts rd fd;k tk ldsxkA mDr =qfV lq/kkj dk dk;Z dsoy ,d ckj vkWuykbu gh fd;k tk ldsxkA 6- Js.kh lq/kkj ds ekeyksa esa ;fn fdlh vH;FkhZ }kjk vkjf{kr oxZ ds #i esa Hkjs x;s vius vkWuykbu vkosnu i= esa lq/kkj dj mls vukjf{kr oxZ fd;k tkrk gS rks mls 'kqYd ds varj dh jkf'k dk Hkqxrku =qfV lq/kkj 'kqYd ds vfrfjDr djuk gksxk fdUrq vukjf{kr oxZ ds #i esa Hkjs x;s vkWuykbu vkosnu i= dks vkjf{kr oxZ esa ifjorZu dh fLFkfr esa 'kqYd varj dh jkf'k okil ugha dh tk,xhA ¼1½ Hkkjrh; ukxfjd vkSj Hkkjr 'kklu }kjk ekU; Jsf.k;ksa ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ls NRrhlx<+ 'kklu ds mPp f'k{kk foHkkx ds varxZr ^^lgk;d izk/;kid^^ ds fjDr inksa ij HkrhZ ds fy, NRrhlx<+ yksd lsok vk;ksx }kjk vkWuykbu vkosnu i= vkeaf=r fd;s tkrs gSAa inksa dk fooj.k uhps dh rkfydk esa nf'kZr gS%& Ø- dqy fjfDr;ksa dh oxZokj la[;k in rFkk foHkkx dk uke vuk1 2 3 A lgk;d izk/;kid ¼mPp f'k{kk foHkkx½ 1 vaxzsth English 2 HkkSfrd'kkL= Physics 3 jktuhfr'kkL= Political Science 4 fgUnh Hindi 5 laLd`r Sanskrit cSdykWx cSdykWx cSdykWx v-tk- v-t-tk- v-fi-o4 5 6 dqy fjfDr;ksa dh oxZokj la[;k esa ls dqy fjfDr;ksa dh oxZokj la[;k esa ;ksx efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr in fu%'kDrtu ds fy, oxZokj vkjf{kr in vuk7 v-tk- v-t-tk- v-fi-o8 9 vuk- v-tk- 11 12 10 13 14 15 26 7 19 9 8 2 6 3 - 11 13 - - 3 4 - 1-OH 1-DH - - 1-OH 1-OH 1-OH 1-OH - 24 10 3 8 3 3 1 2 1 1-OH - - - 24 1-OH 1-OH - 18 - 1-OH 1-OH 61 - 1-OH 1-OH 73 - - - 7 61 - 9 9 - - 3 3 - 26 7 19 9 8 2 6 3 31 9 23 10 9 3 7 3 3 1 2 1 1 - - - 1-OH 1-DH 1-OH 1-DH - - 1 3 - - - 1 - - - - - 4 2 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - 7 x`g foKku Home Science 8 okf.kT; Commerce 5 56 2 16 4 42 2 19 2 17 5 1 13 6 2-OH 1-DH 1-BH - 1-OH 1-OH 1-DH 1-OH 13 133 9 jlk;u'kkL= Chemistry 10 xf.kr Mathematics 11 vFkZ'kkL= Economics 12 bfrgkl History 13 ouLifr'kkL= Botany 14 izk.kh'kkL= Zoology 15 Hkwxksy Geography 16 lekt'kkL= Sociology cSdykWx cSdykWx cSdykWx cSdykWx 16 15600&39100$6000 Microbiology cSdykWx ¼ `½ v-t-tk- v-fi-o- 6 ekbØksck;ksykWth cSdykWx osrueku - 2 19 - - - 6 - 35 10 27 12 11 3 8 4 - 1-OH - 21 1-OH 1-OH 1-OH 84 - 2 14 - - - 4 - 1-OH 1-DH - - 1-OH - 16 10 3 7 3 3 1 2 1 1-OH - - - 23 - 8 9 - - 2 3 - - - 1-OH - 17 20 6 15 6 6 2 5 2 - - - 47 - - 9 - - - 3 - 1-OH 1-DH - 12 33 4 9 9 25 4 11 4 10 1 3 3 8 1 3 - - 2 - - - - - 31 9 24 10 9 3 7 3 - - 1 - - - - - 22 6 17 8 7 2 5 2 22 6 17 8 7 2 5 2 - 1-OH - 9 1-OH 1-OH 1-DH - - 1-OH 1-OH 29 78 - - - 2 1-OH 1-DH - - 1-OH 1-OH 74 - - - 1 - 1-OH - 53 - 1-OH - 53 1-OH 1-DH 1-OH 1-DH Øe'k% (2) Ø- dqy fjfDr;ksa dh oxZokj la[;k in rFkk foHkkx dk uke vuk2 1 v-tk- v-t-tk- v-fi-o- dqy fjfDr;ksa dh oxZokj la[;k esa ls dqy fjfDr;ksa dh oxZokj la[;k esa ;ksx efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr in fu%'kDrtu ds fy, oxZokj vkjf{kr in vuk- v-tk- v-t-tk- v-fi-o- vuk- v-tk- 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Taser Technology 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 18 lsfjdYpj Sericulture 19 Hkw&xHkZ'kkL= Geology 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - 3 3 20 ekuo'kkL= Anthropology 12 13 14 15 21 euksfoKku Psychology 22 dEI;wVj lkbZal Computer Science 23 ck;ksVsDuksykWth Biotechnology 24 laLd`r lkfgR; Sanskrit Sahitya 25 lwpuk izkS|kssfxdh - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 4 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 2 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 2 1 - - - - - - - - 6 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Information Technology 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 26 dEI;wVj ,Iyhds'ku Computer Application 27 fof/k Law 3 2 1 - 2 2 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - 7 5 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - cSdykWx cSdykWx - dqy in %& Abbreviations:- OH = Orthopedic Handicaped ¼vfLFk ckf/kr½, DH = Deaf Handicaped ¼Jo.k ckf/kr½ , egRoiw.kZ Vhi %& 1inksa dh la[;k ifjorZuh; gSA 2mijksDr foKkfir inksa ds fy, fd;k tkus okyk p;u ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky;] fcykliqj esa nk;j ;kfpdkvksa ¼Øekad 591@2012] fjV fiVh'ku ¼lh½ Øekad 592@2012] fjV fiVh'ku ¼lh½ Øekad 593@2012 rFkk fjV fiVh'ku ¼lh½ Øekad 594@2012½ esa ikfjr gksus okys vafre vkns'k@fu.kZ; dss v/;k/khu jgsxh ,oa ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; ds vafre vkns'k@fu.kZ; ds vuqlkj foKkfir fd;s x;ss inksa dh oxZokj fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k esa ifjorZu Hkh gks ldrk gSA 3fu%'kDrrk dk izdkj%&NRrhlx<+ ds LFkkuh;@ewy fuoklh vfLFk ckf/kr] Jo.k ckf/kr ,oa n`f"V ckf/kr fu%'kDrtu gh ekU; gksaxsA 4fjfDr;ksa esa vkj{k.k %& ¼i½ mi;qZDr rkfydk ds dkye ua- 4] 5 ,oa 6 esa nf'kZr in dsoy NRrhlx<+ ds fy, vf/klwfpr jkT; ds ewy fuoklh vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr ,oa vU; fiNM+k oxZ ¼xSj Øhehys;j½ ds vH;fFkZ;ksa gsrq vkjf{kr gaSA ¼ii½ NŸkhlx<+ jkT; ds mi;qZDr Js.kh ds vfrfjDr vU; lHkh ¼NRrhlx<+ jkT; ds vukjf{kr ,oa NRrhlx<+ jkT; ds vfrfjDr vU; jkT; ds vH;FkhZ½ ds vkosnu vukjf{kr Js.kh ds vUrxZr vk,axsA 5ijh{kk ;kstuk ifjf'k"V ^,d*] ikB~;Øe ifjf'k"V ^nks* ,oa vkWuykbu vkosnu djus ds laca/k esa funsZ'k ,oa vU; tkudkjh ifjf'k"V ^rhu* esa mYysf[kr gSA 6vkWuykbu vkosnu djus ds iwoZ vH;FkhZ fu;eksa dk voyksdu dj Lo;a lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd mUgsa ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus dh ik=rk gS vFkok ughaA ;fn dksbZ vH;FkhZ ijh{kk ds fdlh Hkh pj.k esa vFkok ijh{kkQy ?kksf"kr gksus ds ckn Hkh vugZ ¼Ineligible½ ik;k tkrk gS vFkok mlds }kjk nh xbZ dksbZ Hkh tkudkjh xyr ikbZ tkrh gS rks mldh vH;fFkZrk@p;u ifj.kke fujLr fd;k tk ldsxkA ¼2½ in dk fooj.k] 'kS{kf.kd vgZrk@vuqHko%& ¼A½ lgk;d izk/;kid%& ¼jktif=r] f}rh; Js.kh½ ¼d½ vPNs 'kS{kf.kd fjdkMZ ds lkFk fdlh ekU;rk izkIr fo'ofo|ky; ls LukrdksRrj mikf/k Lrj esa lacaf/kr fo"k; esa de ls de 55 izfr'kr vad vFkok 7 fcUnq xzsfMax i)fr esa xzsM ^^ch** vFkok fdlh Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; ;k fdlh fons'kh fo'ofo|ky; ls led{k mikf/kA ¼[k½ mijksDr vgZrkvksa dh iwfrZ djus ds ckn Hkh vH;FkhZ dks ;wthlh] lh,lvkbZvkj }kjk lapkfyr jk"Vªh; ik=rk ijh{kk ¼usV½ vFkok ;wthlh }kjk izR;kf;r ¼ekU;rk izkIr½ lerqY; ijh{kk tSls fd LysV@lsV mRrh.kZ djuk gksxkA ¼x½ ¼?k½ ¼ `½ v-t-tk- v-fi-o- 17 VljVsDuksykWth cSdykWx 11 osrueku 16 2 966 BH= Blind Handicaped ¼n`f"V ckf/kr½ mi&[k.M ¼d½ rFkk ¼[k½ esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ,sls vH;FkhZ] ftuds ikl fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx ¼,e-fQy@ ih,p-Mh- iznku djus ds fy, U;wure ekud ,oa izfØ;k½ fofu;e] 2009 ds vuqlkj ih,p-Mh- mikf/k gks ;k ftUgsa iznku dh xbZ gks] dks fo'ofo|ky;@egkfo|ky;@laLFkku ds lgk;d izk/;kid ;k mlds lerqY; fLFkfr ds in esa HkrhZ rFkk fu;qfDr ds fy, usV@LysV@lsV dh U;wure ik=rk 'krksZa dh vfuok;Zrk ls NwV jgsxhA ,sls fo"k;ksa esa LukrdksRrj dk;ZØe] ftlds fy, usV@LysV@lsV ijh{kk vk;ksftr ugha dh tkrh gS] ds fy, usV@LysV@lsV dh vfuok;Zrk ugha gksxhA uksV %& ¼,d½ vuqlfw pr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@fu%'kDr O;fDr rFkk n`f"Vghu O;fDr ds laoxZ ds O;fDr;ksa dks f'k{k.k laca/kh LFkkuksa ¼inksa½ ij lh/kh HkrhZ ds nkSjku muds ik=rk ,oa vPNs 'kS{kf.kd fjdkMZ ds fu/kkZj.k ds mn~n's ; ls] Lukrd Lrj ij rFkk LukrdksRrj Lrj ij 5 izfr'kr dh NwV miyC/k djkbZ tk ldsxhA ik=rk ds fy, 55 izfr'kr vad ¼vFkok tgka dgha xzsfMax iz.kkyh dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk jgk gS] ogka ij ^^ikbZaV Ldsy** dh led{k Js.kh esa½ rFkk mijksDr mYysf[kr laoxksZa ds fy, 5 izfr'kr dh NwV] fdlh vuqxzg vad ds lfEefyr djus dh izfØ;k ds fcuk] dsoy vgZdkjh vadksa ij vk/kkfjr jgsxhA ¼nks½ ,sls ih-,p-Mh- /kkjd ftUgksaus viuh LukrdksRrj fMxzh 19 flrEcj] 1991 ls iwoZ gh izkIr dj yh gks] ds vadksa esa 5 izfr'kr dh NwV iznku dh tk;sxh tks fd 55 izfr'kr ls 50 izfr'kr gksxhA ¼rhu½ tgka ij fdlh ekU;rk izkIr fo'ofo|ky; }kjk xzsfMax iz.kkyh dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk jgk gks] ogka lacaf/kr Js.kh] tks 55 izfr'kr ds ;Fkk lerqY; ekuh xbZ gks] ik=rk le>h tk,xhA Vhi%& vPNs 'kS{kf.kd fjdkMZ ls vfHkizsr gS%& 1¼,d½ mPprj ek/;fed & U;wure 50 izfr'kr ¼nks½ Lukrd ¼vUMj xzstq,V½ & U;wure 50 izfr'kr 2Js.kh Js.kh fcUnq ¼ikbZaV½ lerqY; izfr'kr 'O' 'A' 'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F' ¼3½ 5.50 4.50 3.50 2.50 1.50 0.50 0.00 - 6.00 - 5.49 - 4.49 - 3.49 - 2.49 - 1.49 - 0.49 75 - 100 65 - 74 55 - 64 45 - 54 35 - 44 25 - 34 00 - 24 ifjoh{kk vof/k %& p;fur vH;fFkZ;ksa dh fu;qfDr 02 o"kZ dh ifjoh{kk ij dh tk,xhA Øe'k% (3) egRoiw.kZ uksV%& ¼i½ vH;FkhZ ds ikl mi;qZDr vko';d 'kS{kf.kd vgZrkvksa ¼Lukrd@LukrdksRrj@usV@LysV@lsV@ih,p-Mh- vkfn½ ,oa vU; vgZrkvksa dk ^^izek.k&i=** vkWuykbu vkosnu djus gsrq fu/kkZfjr vafre frfFk vFkok mlds iwoZ izkIr dj fy;k gksuk pkfg,A vkWuykbu vkosnu djus dh vafre frfFk ds ckn dh frfFk dks tkjh dh xbZ 'kS{kf.kd vgZrkvksa ¼Lukrd@LukrdksRrj@usV@LysV@lsV@ih,p-Mh- vkfn½ ,oa vU; vgZrkvksa ds izek.k&i= ekU; ugha gksaxsA ¼ii½ vkWuykbu vkosnu ds lkFk dksbZ Hkh izek.k i= layXu djus dh vko';drk ugha gSA ¼4½ fu/kkZfjr vk;q lhek%& vH;FkhZ dh vk;q fnukad 01-01-2014 dks 21 o"kZ ls de rFkk 32 o"kZ ls vf/kd u gks] ijUrq NRrhlx<+ ds LFkkuh;@ewy fuoklh vH;FkhZ ds fy, mPprj vk;q lhek 32 o"kZ ds LFkku ij 40 o"kZ gksxhA mPprj vk;q lhek esa NRrhlx<+ 'kklu] lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx }kjk le;≤ ij tkjh fd;s x;s funsZ'kksa ds rgr fuEukuqlkj NwV dh ik=rk gksxh%& ¼i½ ;fn vH;FkhZ NRrhlx<+ 'kklu }kjk vf/klwfpr vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr ,oa vU; fiNM+k oxZ ¼xSj Øhehys;j½ dk gksdj jkT; dk ewy fuoklh gS] rks mls mPprj vk;q lhek esa ikap o"kZ rd dh NwV nh tk,xhA ¼ii½ NRrhlx<+ 'kklu ds LFkk;h@vLFkk;h@odZ pktZ ;k dkafVtsalh isM deZpkfj;ksa rFkk NRrhlx<+ jkT; ds fuxeksa@eaMyksa vkfn ds deZpkfj;ksa ds laca/k esa mPpre vk;q lhek 38 o"kZ jgsxhA ;gh vf/kdre vk;q ifj;kstuk dk;kZUo;u lfefr ds varxZr dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, Hkh Lohdk;Z gksxhA ¼iii½ ,slk vH;FkhZ tks NVuh fd;k x;k ljdkjh lsod gks] viuh vk;q esa ls mlds }kjk iwoZ esa dh xbZ lEiw.kZ vLFkkbZ lsok dh vf/kd ls vf/kd 7 o"kZ rd dh dkykof/k] Hkys gh og dkykof/k ,d ls vf/kd ckj dh xbZ lsokvksa dk ;ksx gks] de djus ds fy, vuqKkr fd;k tk,xk ijUrq mlds ifj.kke&Lo:i mPpre vk;q lhek] rhu o"kZ ls vf/kd u gksA Li"Vhdj.k%&**NVuh fd;s x;s ljdkjh lsod** ls rkRi;Z gS tks bl jkT; ¼vFkkZr~ NRrhlx<+ jkT;½ ;k fdlh Hkh la?kVd bdkbZ dh vLFkk;h lsok esa yxkrkj de ls de N% ekg rd jgk gks rFkk tks jkstxkj dk;kZy; esa viuk uke jftLVªhÑr djkus ;k ljdkjh lsok esa fu;kstu gsrq vkosnu nsus dh rkjh[k ls vf/kd ls vf/kd rhu o"kZ iwoZ LFkkiuk esa deh fd;s tkus ds dkj.k lsokeqDr fd;k x;k gksA ¼iv ½ ,sls vH;FkhZ dks] tks HkwriwoZ lSfud gks] viuh vk;q esa ls mlds }kjk igys dh xbZ leLr izfrj{kk lsok dh vof/k de djus dh vuqefr nh tk,xh ijUrq blds ifj.kkeLo:i tks vk;q fudys og mPprj vk;q lhek ls rhu o"kZ ls vf/kd u gksA ¼ v ½ NÙkhlx<+ flfoy lsok ¼efgykvksa dh fu;qfDr gsrq fo'ks"k mica/k½ fu;e 1997 ds vuqlkj efgykvksa ds fy, mPprj vk;q esa 10 o"kZ dh NwV gksxhA ¼vi½ lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx ds ifji= Ø- ,Q 1&2@2002@1@3 fnukad 02-06-2004 ,oa Øekad ,Q 1&2@2002@1@3 fnukad 10 Qjojh 2006 ds vuqlkj f'k{kk dfeZ;ks@ a iapk;r dfeZ;ksa dks 'kkldh; lsok esa HkrhZ ds fy, mrus o"kZ dh NwV nh tk,xh ftrus o"kZ f'k{kkdehZ@iapk;rdehZ ds :i esa lsok dh gS blds fy, 6 ekg ls vf/kd lsok dks ,d o"kZ dh lsok ekU; dh tk ldsxhA ¼vii½ Lo;alsoh uxj lSfudksa ¼okyaVjh gksexkMZ½ ,oa vuk;qDr vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ekeys esa mPprj vk;q lhek esa muds }kjk bl izdkj dh xbZ lsok dh mruh dkykof/k rd NwV vkB o"kZ dh lhek ds v/;k/khu jgrs gq, nh tk,xh] fdUrq fdlh Hkh n'kk esa mudh vk;q 38 o"kZ ls vf/kd ugha gksuh pkfg,A ¼viii½ fo/kok] ifjR;Drk rFkk rykd'kqnk efgykvksa ds fy;s mPprj vk;q lhek esa 5 o"kZ dh NwV gksxhA ¼ix½ vkfne tkfr] vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa fiNM+k oxZ dY;k.k foHkkx dh vartkZrh; fookg izksRlkgu ;kstuk ds varxZr iqjLÑr nEifr;ksa ds lo.kZ lgHkkxh dks lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx ds Kkiu Øekad lh&3@10@85@3@1 fnukad 28-06-1985 ds lanHkZ esa mPprj vk;q lhek esa 5 o"kZ dh NwV nh tk,xhA ¼x½ jkT; ¼vFkkZr~ NRrhlx<+ jkT;½ esa izpfyr **'kghn jktho ik.Ms iqjLdkj] xq.Mk/kwj lEeku] egkjktk izohjpUnz Hkatnso lEeku izkIr f[kykfM+;ksa rFkk jk"Vªh; ;qok iqjLdkj izkIr ;qokvksa** dks lkekU; mPprj vk;q lhek esa 5 o"kZ dh NwV nh tk,xhA ¼xi½ NRrhlx<+ 'kklu lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx ds ifji= Øekad ,Q 3&2@2002@1&3 jk;iqj fnukad 30-01-2012 ds vuqlkj lafonk ij fu;qDr O;fDr;ksa dks 'kkldh; lsok esa vkosnu i= izLrqr djus gsrq fu/kkZfjr vf/kdre vk;q lhek esa mrus o"kZ dh NwV nh tk,xh] ftrus o"kZ mlus lafonk ds #i esa lsok dh gSA ;g NwV vf/kdre 38 o"kZ dh vk;q lhek rd jgsxhA egRoiw.kZ Vhi%& ¼i½ NRrhlx<+ 'kklu] lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx ds ifji= Øekad ,Q 3&2@2002@1&3 jk;iqj fnukad 15-06-2010 esa fn, x, funsZ'k ds vuqlkj NŸkhlx<+ jkT; ds LFkkuh; fuoklh vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, vf/kdre vk;q 35 o"kZ fu/kkZfjr gS] fdUrq ifji= Øekad ,Q 3&2@2002@1&3 jk;iqj fnukad 27-09-2013 esa fn, x, funsZ'k ds vuqlkj NŸkhlx<+ jkT; ds LFkkuh; fuoklh vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, vf/kdre vk;q ,d ckj ds fy, 35 o"kZ ds LFkku ij 40 o"kZ gksxh] ijUrq vU; fo'ks"k oxZ tSls&NŸkhlx<+ ds fuoklh vuqlfw pr tkfr] vuqlfw pr tutkfr] vU; fiNM+k oxZ ¼xSj Øhehys;j½] efgyk vkfn ds fy, vf/kdre vk;q lhek esa jkT; 'kklu }kjk tks NwV nh xbZ gS os NwV ;Fkkor ykxw jgsxh] rFkk lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx }kjk vk;q ds laca/k esa le;≤ ij tkjh funsZ'kksa ds vk/kkj ij vH;fFkZ;ksa dks vk;q esa nh tkus okyh lHkh izdkj dh NwVksa dks lfEefyr djus ds ckn 'kkldh; lsok esa fu;qfDr gsrq vf/kdre vk;q 45 o"kZ ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA ¼ii½ vk;q dh x.kuk fnukad & 01-01-2014 ds lanHkZ esa dh tk,xhA ¼5½ vH;FkhZ vkWuykbu vkosnu djus ds igys foKkiu esa nf'kZr vko';d 'kS{kf.kd vgZrkvksa ¼Lukrd@LukrdksRrj@usV@ LysV@lsV@ih,p-Mh- vkfn½ ,oa vk;q ds vuq:i viuh vgZrk dh tkap dj Lo;a lqfuf'pr dj ysa ,oa vgZrk dh leLr 'krksZa dks iwjk djus dh fLFkfr ls iw.kZr;k larq"V gksus ij gh os vkosnu&i= HkjasA ijh{kk esa lfEefyr djus vFkok lk{kkRdkj ds fy, vkeaf=r djus dk vFkZ ;g dnkfi ugha gksxk fd vH;FkhZ dks vgZ eku fy;k x;k gS rFkk p;u ds fdlh Hkh Lrj ij vH;FkhZ ds vugZ ik;s tkus ij mldk vkosnu&i= fcuk dksbZ lwpuk fn;s fujLr dj mldh vH;fFkZrk lekIr dj nh tk,xhA ¼6½ lk{kkRdkj ds iwoZ okafNr nLrkostksa dk izLrqr fd;k tkuk%& lk{kkRdkj ds iwoZ vuqizek.ku QkeZ ds lkFk fuEufyf[kr izek.k i=ksa vkSj vadlwfp;ksa dh Lo;a vFkok fdlh jktif=r vf/kdkjh }kjk izekf.kr izfrfyfi;ka izLrqr djuk vfuok;Z gksxk ftlds ijh{k.k mijkar vH;FkhZ dh vgZrk ¼Eligibility½ dh tkap dh tk,xhA ¼i½ vk;q laca/kh izek.k ds fy;s lkekU;r% gkbZLdwy@gk;j lsds.Mjh Ldwy vFkok eSfVªdqy's ku lfVZfQdsV vFkok rRle vgZrk dk izek.k i=A vU; izek.k i= ekU; ugha gksaxsA ¼ii½ foKkfir in ds fy, vko';d 'kS{kf.kd vgZrk ls lacaf/kr leLr lsesLVj@o"kZ dh vadlwphA ¼iii½ in ds fy, vko';d 'kS{kf.kd vgZrkvksa dk izek.k&i= ;Fkk& Lukrd@LukrdksRrj mikf/k] vuqHko vkfn tks lacaf/kr in ds fy, vko';d gS] dh Loizekf.kr vFkok fdlh jktif=r vf/kdkjh }kjk izekf.kr izfrfyfi;kaA vH;FkhZ ;g lqfuf'pr dj yas fd vkosfnr in gsrq okafNr vko';d 'kS{kf.kd vgZrkvksa ¼Lukrd@ Øe'k% (4) ¼iv ½ ¼a½ ¼ b½ ¼c ½ ¼ d½ ¼i ½ ¼ii½ ¼iii½ ¼iv ½ ¼v½ ¼vi½ ¼7½ ¼i ½ ¼ii½ LukrdksRrj@usV@LysV@lsV@ih,p-Mh- vkfn½ ,oa vU; vgZrkvksa ls lacaf/kr izek.k i= vk;ksx dks vkWuykbu vkosnu i= Hkjus dh vafre frfFk rd vko';d :i ls izkIr dj fy;k gSA vkWuykbu vkosnu djus dh vafre frfFk ds ckn dh frfFk dks tkjh dh xbZ mikf/k@vU; izek.k i= ekU; ugha fd;k tk,xkA tkfr izek.k i= %& ;fn vH;FkhZ NRrhlx<+ jkT; dk ewy fuoklh gks ,oa vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vU; fiNM+k oxZ ¼xSj Øhehys;j½ dh Js.kh esa vkrk gS rFkk tks bl foKkiu ds rgr nf'kZr NwV ¼vk;q@ 'kqYd@vkj{k.k½ dk ykHk izkIr djus gsrq vkWuykbu vkosnu dj jgk gks] rks l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh LFkk;h tkfr izek.k&i= izLrqr djuk gksxkA vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vuqlwfpr tkfr ds fookfgr efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa dks vius uke ds lkFk firk ds uke yxk tkfr izek.k&i= izLrqr djuk vfuok;Z gS] ,oa rn~ul q kj tkfr izek.k i= izLrqr ugha fd;s tkus ij bls ekU; ugha fd;k tk,xkA vU; fiNM+k oxZ dks vkj{k.k dsoy xSj Øhehys;j ds vk/kkj ij gh ns; gSA xSj Øhehys;j dk fu/kkZj.k okf"kZd vk; ds vk/kkj ij gksrk gSA vr% vU; fiNM+k oxZ ds vH;FkhZ dks tkfr izek.k i= ds lkFk xSj Øhehys;j ds vUrxZr vkus ds izek.k gsrq ,slk vk; izek.k i= Hkh layXu djuk gksxk tks vkosnu djus dh frfFk ls iwooZ rhZ 3 o"kZ ds Hkhrj tkjh fd;k gqvk gksA ;fn fu/kkZfjr mPprj vk;q lhek esa NwV pkgh xbZ gS rks fuEu nLrkost@izek.k i= vfuok;Zr% izLrqr djsa%& rnFkZ :i ls 'kklu dh lsok esa dk;Zjr vH;fFkZ;ksa dks rRlaca/kh izek.k&i= layXu djuk vko';d gSA foKkiu dh dafMdk & 4¼i½] 4¼ii½] 4¼iii½] 4¼iv½] 4¼vi½] ,oa 4¼vii½ ds varx Z r mPprj vk;q lhek esa NwV dh ik=rk ds fy, l{ke vf/kdkjh@fu;ksDrk vf/kdkjh dk izek.k&i=A foKkiu dh dafMdk & 4¼viii½ ds vUrxZr mPprj vk;q lhek esa NwV dh ik=rk ds fy, lc&fMohtuy eftLVªsV vFkok ftyk eftLVsªV dk izek.k&i=A foKkiu dh dafMdk & 4¼ix½ ds vUrxZr mPprj vk;q lhek esa NwV ds fy;s ftyk eftLVªsV@lc fMohtuy eftLVªsV@jkT; 'kklu ds }kjk izkf/kd`r vU; l{ke vf/kdkjh dk izek.k&i=A foKkiu dh dafMdk & 4¼x½ ds vUrxZr mPprj vk;q lhek esa NwV ds fy, **'kghn jktho ik.Ms iqjLdkj] xq.Mk/kqj lEeku] egkjktk izohjpUnz Hkatnso lEeku RkFkk jk"Vªh; ;qok iqjLdkj** izkIr gksus dk izek.k&i=A foKkiu dh dafMdk & 4¼xi½ ds vUrxZr mPprj vk;q lhek esa NwV ds fy, **l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh lafonk vuqHko** dk izek.k&i=A fu;ksDrk dk vukifRr izek.k&i= %& ;fn vH;FkhZ NRrhlx<+ 'kklu ds v/khu 'kkldh; foHkkx@fuxe@ eaMy@miØe esa dk;Zjr gksa vFkok Hkkjr ljdkj vFkok muds fdlh miØe dh lsok esa dk;Zjr gksa ;k jk"Vªh;Ñr@vjk"Vªh;Ñr cSad] futh laLFkkvksa ,oa fdlh Hkh fo'ofo|ky; esa dk;Zjr gksa rks os vkWuykbu vkosnu dj ldrs gSa] ijUrq vkWuykbu vkosnu djus ds iwoZ vFkok blds rqjar i'pkr~ mUgsa vius fu;qfDr izkf/kdkjh@ dk;kZy; izeq[k dks ^^vukifŸk izek.k&i=** lh/ks vk;ksx dks Hkstus ds fy, fuosnu djrs gq, vkosnu dj ikorh izkIr djrs gq, bls lqjf{kr j[kuk pkfg,A ;fn ,sls vH;FkhZ dks vk;ksx }kjk lk{kkRdkj ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k tkrk gS] rks mUgsa lk{kkRdkj ds iwoZ fu;qfDr izkf/kdkjh@dk;kZy; izeq[k dks vukifŸk izek.k&i= tkjh djus gsrq izLrqr vkosnu dh izfr ,oa mDr vkosnu dh fu;qfDr izkf/kdkjh@dk;kZy; izeq[k }kjk nh xbZ vfHkLohÑfr ¼ftlesa vkosnu izkfIr dh frfFk Hkh vafdr gks½ izLrqr djuk gksxkA ¼iii½ ;fn vH;FkhZ mijksDrkuqlkj ^^vukifRr izek.k i=** izLrqr djus esa vlQy jgrs gksa] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa mudk lk{kkRdkj rks fy;k tk,xk] ijUrq lk{kkRdkj i'pkr~ p;u dh fLFkfr esa mUgsa lacaf/kr laLFkk }kjk HkkjeqDr u fd;s tkus vkfn ds QyLo:i mudh fu;qfDr fujLr fd;s tkus dh fLFkfr curh gS rks blds fy, vk;ksx@'kklu ds lacaf/kr foHkkx dh dksbZ ftEesnkjh ugha gksxh rFkk bl laca/k esa ,sls vH;FkhZ dk dksbZ vH;kosnu Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA ¼8½ vkijkf/kd vfHk;kstu %& (A) ,sls vH;FkhZ dks vkijkf/kd vfHk;kstu ds fy, nks"kh Bgjk;k tk,xk ftls vk;ksx us fuEufyf[kr ds fy, nks"kh ik;k gks%& ¼i½ ftlus viuh vH;fFkZrk ds fy, ijh{kk ;k lk{kkRdkj esa fdlh Hkh rjhds ls leFkZu izkIr fd;k gks ;k bldk iz;kl fd;k gks] ;k ¼ii½ ij:i /kkj.k ¼bEijlksu's ku½ fd;k gks] ;k ¼iii½ fdlh O;fDr ls ij:i /kkj.k djk;k gks@fd;k gks] ;k ¼iv ½ QthZ nLrkost ;k ,sls nLrkost izLrqr fd;s gkas ftuesa Qsjcny fd;k gks] ;k ¼ v ½ p;u ds fdlh Hkh Lrj ¼Stage½ ij vlR; tkudkjh nh gks ;k lkjHkwr tkudkjh fNik;h gks] ;k ¼vi½ ijh{kk@lk{kkRdkj esa izos'k ikus ds fy;s dksbZ vU; vfu;fer ;k vuqfpr lk/ku viuk;k gks] ;k ¼vii½ ijh{kk@lk{kkRdkj d{k esa vuqfpr lk/kuksa dk mi;ksx fd;k gks ;k djus dk iz;kl fd;k gks] ;k ¼viii½ ijh{kk@lk{kkRdkj lapkyu esa yxs deZpkfj;ksa dks ijs'kku fd;k gks ;k /kedk;k gks ;k 'kkjhfjd {kfr igqapkbZ gks] ;k ¼ix½ izos'k&i=@cqykok i= esa vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy;s nh xbZ fdUgh Hkh fgnk;rksa ;k vU; vuqns'kksa ftuesa ijh{kk lapkyu esa yxs dsUnzk/;{k@lgk;d dsUnzk/;{k@oh{kd@izkf/kd`r vU; deZpkjh }kjk dsUnzk/;{k ds }kjk LFkkfir O;oLFkk vuqlkj ekSf[kd :i ls nh xbZ fgnk;rsa Hkh 'kkfey gSa] dk mYya?ku fd;k gks] ;k ¼x½ ijh{kk d{k esa ;k lk{kkRdkj esa fdlh vU; rjhds ls nqO;Zogkj fd;k gks] ;k ¼xi½ NRrhlx<+ yksd lsok vk;ksx ds Hkou ifjlj@ijh{kk dsUnz ifjlj esa eksckby Qksu@lapkj ;a= izfrca/k dk mYya?ku fd;k gksA (B) mijksDr izdkj ls nks"kh ik;s tkus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fo:) vkijkf/kd vfHk;kstu ds vykok mu ij fuEufyf[kr dk;Zokgh Hkh dh tk ldsxh& ¼i½ vk;ksx }kjk ml p;u ds fy;s] ftlds fy, og vH;FkhZ gS] mldh vH;fFkZrk fujLr dh tk ldsxh vkSj@;k ¼ii½ mls ;k rks LFkk;h :i ls ;k fof'k"V vof/k ds fy, fuEufyf[kr ls fooftZr fd;k tk,xk& (a) vk;ksx }kjk yh tkus okyh ijh{kk ;k mlds }kjk fd;s tkus okys p;u lsA (b) jkT; 'kklu }kjk ;k@mlds v/khu fu;kstu ls oafpr fd;k tk ldsxk] vkSj (c) ;fn og 'kklu ds v/khu igys ls gh lsok esa gks rks mijksDrkuqlkj fd, x, mYya?ku ds fy, ml ij vuq'kklfud dk;Zokgh dh tk ldsxh] ijUrq mijksDr dk;Zokgh ds ifj.kkeLo:i dksbZ 'kkfLr rc rd vkjksfir ugha dh tk,xh] tc rd fd& (i) vH;FkhZ dks fyf[kr esa ,slk vH;kosnu] tks og bl laca/k esa nsuk pkgs] izLrqr djus dk volj ugha fn;k x;k gks] vkSj (ii) vH;FkhZ }kjk vuqer vof/k ds Hkhrj izLrqr fd;s x;s vH;kosnu ij fopkj u fd;k x;k gksA ¼9½ vugZrk%& NRrhlx<+ flfoy lsok ¼lsok dh lkekU; 'krsZa½ fu;e] 1961 ds fu;e 6 ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr vugZrk gksxh %& ¼i½ dksbZ Hkh iq:"k vH;FkhZ] ftldh ,d ls vf/kd ifRu;ka thfor gksa Øe'k% (5) ¼ii½ ¼iii½ ¼iv ½ ¼v½ ¼vi½ ¼10½ ¼i ½ ¼ii½ ¼iii½ vkSj dksbZ Hkh efgyk vH;FkhZ ftlus ,sls O;fDr ls fookg fd;k gks ftldh igys gh ,d ifRu thfor gks] fdlh lsok ;k in ij fu;qfDr dk ik= ugha gksxk@ugha gksxhA ijUrq ;fn 'kklu dk bl ckr ls lek/kku gks tk, fd ,slk djus ds fo'ks"k dkj.k gS]a rks og ,sls vH;FkhZ dks bl fu;e ds izorZu ls NwV ns ldsxkA dksbZ Hkh vH;FkhZ fdlh lsok ;k in ij rc rd fu;qDr ugha fd;k tk,xk tc rd mls ,slh LokLF; ijh{kk esa] tks fofgr dh tk,] ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd #i ls LoLF; vkSj lsok ;k in ds drZO; ds ikyu esa ck/kk Mky ldus okys fdlh ekufld ;k 'kkjhfjd nks"k ls eqDr uk ik;k tk,A ijUrq vkiokfnd ekeyksa esa fdlh vH;FkhZ dks mldh LokLF; ijh{kk ds iwoZ fdlh lsok ;k in ij bl 'krZ ds v/;k/khu vLFkk;h #i ls fu;qDr fd;k tk ldsxk fd ;fn mls LokLF; dh n`f"V ls v;ksX; ik;k x;k rks mldh lsok,a rRdky lekIr dh tk ldsxhA dksbZ Hkh vH;FkhZ fdlh lsok ;k in ij fu;qfDr ds fy, ml fLFkfr esa ik= ugha gksxk] ;fn ,slh tkap ds ckn] tSls fd vko';d le>h tk,] fu;qfDr izkf/kdkjh dk bl ckr ls lek/kku gks tk, fd og lsok ;k in ds fy, fdlh n`f"V ls mi;qDr ugha gSA dksbZ Hkh vH;FkhZ ftls efgykvksa ds fo#) fdlh vijk/k dk fl) nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks] fdlh lsok ;k in ij fu;qfDr ds fy, ik= ugha gksxkA ijUrq tgka rd fdlh vH;FkhZ ds fo#) U;k;ky; esa ,sls ekeys] yafcr gksa rks mldh fu;qfDr dk ekeyk vkijkf/kd ekeys dk vafre fofu'p; gksus rd yafcr j[kk tk,xkA dksbZ Hkh vH;FkhZ] ftlus fookg ds fy, fu;r dh xbZ U;wure vk;q ls iwoZ fookg dj fy;k gks] fdlh lsok ;k in ij fu;qfDr ds fy, ik= ugha gksxkA dksbZ Hkh vH;FkhZ ftldh nks ls vf/kd thfor larku gSa] ftuesa ls ,d dk tUe 26 tuojh] 2001 dks ;k mlds i'pkr~ gks] fdlh lsok ;k in ij fu;qfDr ds fy, ik= ugha gksxkA ijUrq dksbZ Hkh vH;FkhZ] ftldh igys ls ,d thfor larku gS rFkk vkxkeh izlo 26 tuojh] 2001 dks ;k mlds i'pkr~ gks] ftlesa nks ;k nks ls vf/kd larku dk tUe gksrk gS] fdlh lsok ;k in ij fu;qfDr ds fy, fujfgZr ugha gksxkA p;u izfØ;k %& foKkfir in ij p;u ds fy, fu/kkZfjr vko';d 'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk,a U;wure gSa vkSj bu ;ksX;rkvksa ds gksus ls gh mEehnokj vkWuykbu ijh{kk@lk{kkRdkj gsrq cqyk;s tkus ds gdnkj ugha gks tkrs gSaA mEehnokj dk p;u vkWuykbu ijh{kk ,oa lk{kkRdkj ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk,xkA ijh{kk ;kstuk ifjf'k"V&^,d* ,oa ikB~;Øe ifjf'k"V&^nks* esa fn;k x;k gSA vkW uykbu ijh{kk gsrq jk;iqj@fcykliqj@nqx Z@vfEcdkiqj@ txnyiqj ijh{kk dsUnz gksxkA ¼11½ vkWuykbZu vkosnu gsrq vkosnu 'kqYd %& ¼i½ NRrhlx<+ ds ewy@LFkkuh; fuoklh] tks fd NRrhlx<+ ds fy, vf/klwfpr vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk vU; fiNM+k oxZ ¼xSj Øhehys;j½ dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSa] ds fy, :i;s 300@& ¼:i;s rhu lkS½ ,oa 'ks"k lHkh Js.kh ds fy, rFkk NÙkhlx<+ ds ckgj ds fuoklh vkosndksa ds fy, #i;s 400@& ¼:i;s pkj lkS½ vkosnu 'kqYd ns; gksxkA ¼12½ vkWuykbu ijh{kk ds laca/k esa %& ¼i½ vk;ksx }kjk vk;ksftr vkWuykbu ijh{kk iz.kkyh esa iquxZ.kuk vFkok iqueZwY;kadu dk izko/kku ugha gSA vr% bl laca/k esa fdlh izdkj ds vH;kosnu ij fopkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA ¼ii½ vH;FkhZ vk;ksx dks vkWuykbu ijh{kk ds iz'u&i= esa eqn.z k =qfV] iz'u&i= dh lajpuk ,oa mŸkj esa =qfV ds laca/k esa ijh{kk ds i'pkr~ ijh{kk fu;a=d] NRrhlx<+ yksd lsok vk;ksx] 'kadjuxj jksM] jk;iqj dks e; nLrkosth izek.kksa ds vH;kosnu@f'kdk;r izsf"kr dj ldrk gS] tks ijh{kk frfFk ds 15 fnol ds Hkhrj vk;ksx dk;kZy; esa vfuok;Zr% izkIr gks tkus pkfg,A mDr vof/k ds i'pkr~ izkIr vH;kosnu@f'kdk;r ij vk;ksx }kjk fopkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA ¼13½ ;k=k O;; dk Hkqxrku %& ¼i½ NRrhlx<+ ds ,sls ewy fuoklh dks] tks fdlh lsok esa u gks rFkk NRrhlx<+ 'kklu }kjk ?kksf"kr vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr ,oa vU; fiNM+k oxZ ¼xSj Øhehys;j½ ds vH;FkhZ gSa] NRrhlx<+ 'kklu ds izpfyr fu;eksa ds v/khu ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ij lk/kkj.k ntsZ dk okLrfod fVfdV fdjk;k jkf'k dk uxn Hkqxrku okilh ;k=k ds iwoZ ijh{kk dsUnz ij dsUnzk/;{k }kjk fd;k tk,xkA vH;fFkZ;ksa dks blds fy;s dsUnzk/;{k dks okafNr ?kks"k.kk&i= Hkjdj nsuk gksxk rFkk ;k=k HkRrs dh ik=rk ls lacaf/kr vko';d lHkh izek.k&i= izLrqr djus gksaxsA vr% os NRrhlx<+ 'kklu }kjk izkf/kd`r vf/kdkjh }kjk iznRr tkfr izek.k&i= dh Lo;a ds }kjk vFkok jktif=r vf/kdkjh }kjk izekf.kr izfrfyfi rFkk ;k=k fVfdV ?kks"k.kk i= ds lkFk layXu djsa] rHkh mUgsa fVfdV fdjk;k fn;k tk,xkA ¼ii½ lk{kkRdkj ds fy;s & lk{kkRdkj gsrq mifLFkr gksus okys mijksDr Jsf.k;ksa ds vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lk/kkj.k ntsZ dk okLrfod fVfdV fdjk;k jkf'k dk Hkqxrku fu;ekuqlkj dafMdk 13¼i½ esa mYysf[kr okafNr izek.k i= izLrqr djus ij vk;ksx dk;kZy; }kjk fd;k tk,xkA ¼14½ foKfIr esa mYysf[kr 'krsZa@egRoiw.kZ funsZ'k@tkudkjh vkfn dk fuoZpu ¼Interpretation½%& bl foKfIr esa mYysf[kr 'krsZa egRoiw.kZ funsZ'k@tkudkjh vkfn ds fuoZpu dk vf/kdkj vk;ksx dk jgsxk ,oa bl laca/k esa fdlh vH;FkhZ ds }kjk izLrqr vH;kosnu ekU; ugha fd;k tk,xk ,oa vk;ksx }kjk fy;k x;k fu.kZ; vafre rFkk vH;FkhZ ij ca/kudkjh gksxkA lgh@& lfpo NRrhlx<+ yksd lsok vk;ksx] jk;iqj Øe'k% (1) ifjf'k"V - ,d " ijh{kk ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼i ½ p;u nks pj.kksa esa gksxh] izFke pj.k lk{kkRdkjA vkWuykbu ijh{kk lk{kkRdkj dqy vkWuykbu ijh{kk%& ;kstuk " pj.k vkWuykbu ijh{kk ,oa f}rh; izkIr vad ¼2R-W½ gksaxs tgka xyr mRrjksa dh la[;k½ & & & * fdlh iz'u ds mRrj fodYiksa esa ls fdlh Hkh fodYi dk p;u ugha djus ij lacaf/kr iz'u ds mRrj dh tkap ugha dh tk,xhA ikB~;Øe dh tkudkjh ifjf'k"V&nks esa nh xbZ gSA vkWuykbu ijh{kk ds vUrxZr mEehnokjksa dks iz'u i= esa de ls de 33 izfr'kr vad izkIr djus gksaxsA vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vU; fiNM+k oxZ ds mEehnokjksa ds ekeys esa vgZdkjh vad dsoy 23 izfr'kr gksaxsA lk{kkRdkj%& lk{kkRdkj ds fy, dksbZ vgZdkjh U;wure vad ugha gSA lk{kkRdkj ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;s tkus okys mEehnokjksa dh la[;k] foKkiu esa fn, x, fjDr LFkkuksa dh la[;k ls yXkHkx rhu xquh gksxhA dsoy os mEehnokj] ftUgsa vk;ksx }kjk vkWuykbu ijh{kk esa vgZ ?kksf"kr fd;k tkosxk] os lk{kkRdkj ds fy, ik= gksaxsA p;u lwph%& mEehnokj dk p;u vkWuykbu ijh{kk ,oa lk{kkRdkj esa izkIr dqy vadksa ds vk/kkj ij xq.kkuqØe ,oa izoxZokj fd;k tk,xkA 300 vad 30 vad 330 vad ¼5½ vkWuykbu ijh{kk esa oLrqfu"B izdkj ds ,d iz'u i= fuEukuqlkj ¼6½ gksxk%& iz'u i=&I iz'uksa dh la[;k 150 3%00 ?kaVs vaad 300 Hkkx 1 & NRrhlx<+ dk lkekU; Kku & 50 iz'u ¼100 vad½ ¼7½ Hkkx 2 & ,sfPNd fo"k; & 100 iz'u ¼200 vad½ ¼8½ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& dqy & 150 iz'u ¼300 vad½ ¼3½ vkWuykbu ijh{kk ds iz'u i= oLrqfu"B ¼cgq fodYi iz'u½ izdkj ds gksx a s] izR;sd iz'u ds fy;s ikap laHkkO; mÙkj gksx a s ftUgsa v] c] l] n ¼9½ vkSj b esa lewghÑr fd;k tk,xk ftuesa ls dsoy ,d mÙkj lgh@ fudVre lgh gksxk] mEehnokj dks mÙkj iqfLrdk esa mlds }kjk fuf.kZr lgh@fudVre lgh ekus x;s v] c] l] n ;k b esa ls dsoy ,d fodYi dk p;u djuk gksxkA ¼4½ izR;sd lgh mRrj ds fy, nks vad izkIr gksaxsA vH;FkhZ dsoy mUgha iz'uksa ds mRrj nsa ftuds laca/k esa os vk'oLr gksa fd og mRrj lgh gS] D;ksafd izR;sd xyr mRrj ij ,d vad de fd;k tk,xkA ¼dqy R= lgha mRrjksa dh la[;k ,oa W = (1) ifjf'k"V-nks ^^ikB~;dze^^ "iz'ui=&I" Hkkx-1 NRrhlx<+ dk lkekU; Kku 12345678- V(a) NRrhlx<+ dk bfrgkl ,oa Lora=rk vkanksyu esa NRrhlx<+ dk ;ksx nkuA NRrhlx<+ dk Hkwxksy] ty] [kfut lalk/ku] tyok;q ,oa HkkSfrd n'kk;saA NRrhlx<+ dh lkfgR;] laxhr] u``R;] dyk ,oa laLd`f` rA NRrhlx<+ dh tutkfr;ka] cksyh] rht ,oa R;kSgkjA NRrhlx<+ dh vFkZO;oLFkk] ou ,oa d``f"kA NRrhlx<+ dk iz'kklfud <+kapk] LFkkuh; 'kklu ,oa iapk;rh jktA NRrhlx<+ esa ekuo lalk/ku ,oa ÅtkZ lalk/kuA NRrhlx<+ esa f'k{kk] LokLF; ,oa lelkef;d ?kVuk,aA Part-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. General Knowledge of Chhattisgarh History of Chhattisgarh and contributions of Chhattisgarh in freedom sruggle. Geography, water, mineral resources, climate and physical conditions. Literature, music, dance, art and culture of Chhattisgarh. Tribals, dialects, teej and festivals of Chhattisgarh. Economy, forest and agriculture of Chhattisgarh. Administrative structure of Chhattisgarh, local government and Panchayati Raj. Human Resources and energy resources in Chhattisgarh. Education, health and contemporary events in Chhattisgarh. 1- 2- (01) - ENGLISH I II III IV ;kaf=dh:- laj{k.k fu;e] tM+Roh; ,oa vtM+Roh; funsZ”krU=] vkisf{kdrk dk fof”k"B fl)kUr] ykjsat :ikUrj.k] E=MC ] n`< fi.Mksa dh xfr] dks.kh; laosx] cjukSyh lehdj.k ,oa LVksd dk fu;e] izR;kLFkrk] n.Mksa ,oa LrEHkksa dk cadu] ,saBu ds dkj.k cy ;qXe] ikWblu fu"ifRrA xf.krh; HkkSfrd:- lfn”k] izo.krk (Gradient), vilj.k ,oa dyZ dh vfHk/kkj.kk] xkWl vkSj LVksd ds izes;] vkO;wg xq.ku] fofHkUu izdkj ds vkO;wg] js[kh; lehdj.k fudk;] vkbxu eku vkSj vkbxu QyuA m"eh; rFkk lkaaf[;dh; HkkSfrdh:- m"ek xfrdh ds fofHkUu fu;e] fcUnqq Qyu vkSj ekxZ Qyu dh vfHk/kkj.kk] dkuksZa dk izes;] rki dk ije ekidze] ,UVªkWih] m"ekxfrd foHko] eSDlosy laca/k vkSj mlds vuqiz;ksx] esDlosy ckSYV~lesu forj.k] fxCl la;kstu dh vfHk/kkj.kk] fpjlEer ¼dSuksfudy½ leqnk;] ,UVªkWih dh lkaf[dh; O;k[;k] cksl vkbULVhu ,oa QehZ&fMjkad lkaf[dh;A rjaxs ,oa nksyu :- ,d foeh; rjax dk lehdj.k rFkk mldk gy] Bksl esa izR;kLFk rjaxs ,oa xSl esa nkc rjaxs] dyk osx vkSj lewg osx] eqDr] izs.kksfnr vkSj LFkkfir dEiu] vuqukn] fo”ks"krk xq.kkadA O;frdj.k] U;wVu oYk;] ckbZfizTe] ekbdYlu O;frdj.k ekih] foorZu] Ýsuy vkSj ÝkÅugkWQj foorZu] ,dy] f} ,oa n f>fj;ksa }kjk foorZu] tksu IysV] o.kZ fo{ksi.k {kerk vkSj foHksnu {kerk] foHksnu dh jSys dh dlkSVh] /kzqo.k] v/kZrjax ifV~Vdk ,oa prqFkkZ”ka rjax ifVV~dk] lery /kqzfor] o`Rrh; /kqzfor ,oa nh/kZo`Rrh; /kqzfor izdk”k dk mRiknu ,oa fo”ys"k.k] Lor% ,oa mn~nhfir mRltZu] yslj dk fl)karA fo|qrpqEcdh; izsj.k] Loizzsj.k ,oa bysDVªkfuDl:- Lo ,oa vU;ksU; iszj.k] LCR ifjiFk] Js.kh ,oa lekUrj ifjiFk] Lohdkjd vkSj vLohdkjd ifjiFk] eSDlosy lehdj.k vkSj fo|qrpqEcdh; rjaxs] ikWbfVax lfn”kA vUroZrhZ vkSj cfgoZrhZ v/kZpkyd] P-N lfU/k] tsuj Mk;ksM] n`’Vhdj.k ,oa izo/kZu eas Mk;ksM ,oa VªkaftLVj dk mi;ksx] jsfM;ks vko`fŸk rjaxkas dk ekWMqy”s ku ,oa lalwpu] ykWftd }kjA izdk'kh; ,oa X fdj.k orkZØe:- ijek.kq dk osDVj ekWMy] o.kZdze js[kkvksa dh lw{e lajpuk] J-J ;qXeu vkSj L-S ;qXeu] lkekU; vkSj vlkekU; theu izHkko] jeu izHkko] jsfM;ks/kfeZrk] ukfHkdh; ca/ku ÅtkZ] fo[kaMu vkSj lay;u] ewy Hkwr d.k vkSj mudk oxhZd j.k] lkbZDyks Vª kW u] vfrpkydrk dh izkja fHkd 2 ,sfPNd fo"k; The paper will cover the study of English literature from Shakespeare to 1950. A first hand reading of the prescribed texts and critical ability is required to be tested. Literary Forms Poetry : Lyric, Ode, Sonnet, Elegy, Satire, Epic Drama :Tragedy, Comedy, Farce, Melodrama, One Act Play, Masque William Shakespeare: General questions on the writer and a critical study of the following works: Hamlet, The Tempest A critical study of the following poets with reference of the poems shown against each of them: Milton : Sonnets Pope : Essay of Man Johnson : The Vanity of Human Wishes Wordsworth : Tintern Abbey. Immortality Ode, Milton Keats : Odes Tennyson : Ulysses Browning Robert: Andrea Del Sarto, Rabbi Ben Ezro Arnold : Dover Beach The works of the following novelists with special reference to the novels mentioned against each of them: Dickens : Oliver Twist Thomas Hardy : Tess of the D’urbervilles Thackeray : The History of Henry Esmond Aristotle : Poetics Longinus : On the Sublime Dryden : Essay on Dramatic Poesie Coleridge : Biographia Literaria Arnold : The Study of Poetry, The Function of : (02) - HkkSfrd’kkL= 3- Hkkx-2 Criticism at the present time Tradition and Individual Talent, Milton and Il’Penseroso A critical study of the 20th century writers and their works: E.M. Forster : A Passage to India D.H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers G.B. Shaw : Saint Joan W.B. Yeats : Byzantium, The Second Coming, A Prayer to My Daughter T.S. Eliot : Gerontion, The Waste Land W.H. Auden : In Memory of W.B. Yeats, The Shield of Achilles (b) American Literature Emerson : The American Scholar Thoreau : Civil Disobedience Hawthorne : The Scarlet Letter S. Crane : The Red Badge of Courage Eugene O’Neill: The Hairy Ape. Eliot 4- 5- 6- Øe'k% (2) 7- 8- 9- 10- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. vfHk/kkj.kkA ysxzkUth lehdj.k] gsfeYVu dk fl)kar] QesZV dk U;wure fdz;k fu;e] xksyh; lauknh ,oa Qyu] ystsUMªs] cSly vkSj gjekbZV iksyhukfe;y] dkaph&fjeu voLFkk] dkaph lekdyu izes; vkSj lw=A DokUVe ;kaf=dh:- xfrd pjksa dk ladkjd }kjk fu:i.k] vkijsVj dk cht xf.kr] JksfMatj rjax lehdj.k ,oa mlds vuqiz;ksx] ckWDl eas eqDr d.k] foHko izkphj] ljy vkorhZ nksfy= ,oa gkbMªkstu ijek.kq] d{kh; dks.kh; laosx dh vfHk/kkj.kk] vkbxu eku vkSj vkbxu Qyu Lx, Ly, ,oa Lz, Øe & fofues; fu;eA ukfHkd ds ewy xq.k /keZ:- nzo & cw¡n ekWMy] ukfHkdh; dks'k ekWMy] vfHkfØ;k ifjPNsn] ukfHkdh; vfHkfdz;k,W]a cksj dk ukfHkdh; fl)kar] ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu ,oa bldh nzo cw¡n ekWMy }kjk O;k[;kA IykTek] IykTek voLFkk esa lay;u vfHkfØ;k] lay;u fj;sDVj] rkjdh; ÅtkZA Bksl dk cSUM fl)kar] pkyd] /kkrqvkas dk eqDr bysDVªkWu ekWMy] ÅtkZ voLFkkvkas dk ?kuRo] QehZ Åtk]Z ÅtkZ cSaM dk Øksfuax&iSuh ekMy] gkWy izHkko] vuqpqEcdRo dk ySUtsfou fl)kar ,oa D;wjh okWbl fu;eA (02) - PHYSICS Mechanics :- Conservation Laws, Inertial and non inertial frame of reference, Special theory of Relativity, Lorentz transformation, E=MC2, Motion of rigid bodies, Angular momentum, Bernoulli’s equation and Stoke’s law, Elasticity, Bending of beams and cantilever, Couple due to twisting, Poisson’s ratio. Mathematical Physics :- Vectors, concept of Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Gauss and Stoke’s theorem, Matrice Multiplication, different type of Matrices, System of equations, Eigen values and Eigen functions. Thermal and Statistical Physics :- Different laws of thermodynamics, Concepts of point function and Path Functions, Carnot’s theorem, Absolute scale of temperature, Entropy, Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell’s relation and their applications, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, Concepts of Gibb’s Ensemble, Canonical ensemble, Statistical interpretation of entropy, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics. Waves and Oscillations :- One dimensional wave equation and its solution, Elastic Waves in solids and pressure waves in gases, phase velocity and Group velocity, free, forced and maintained vibrations. Resonance, Quality factor, Interference, Newton’s ring, Biprism, Michelson interferometer, Diffraction, Fresnel and Fraunhoffer class of diffraction. Diffraction due to single, double and n slits. Zone plate, Dispersive Power and Resolving Power, Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution, Polarization, Half wave plate and quarter wave plate, production and analysis of plane circularly and elliptically polarized light, spontaneous and stimulated emission, Principle of LASER. Electromagnetic Induction and Electronics :- Self and mutual inductance, LCR circuits, series and parallel circuits, Acceptor and Rejecter circuits, Maxwell’s equation and Electromagnetic waves, Poynting vector, Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, P-N junction, Zener diode, Use of diodes and transistors for rectification and amplifications, modulation and detection of radio frequency Waves, Logic gates. Optical and X-ray spectra:- Vector model of the atom, fine structure of spectral lines, J-J and L-S couplings, Normal and anomalous Zeeman effect, Raman effect, Radio activity, nuclear binding energy, fission and fusion, Elementary particles and their classification, Cyclotron, Elementary idea of super conductivity. Lagrange’s Equation, Hamilton’s Principles, Fermat’s principle of least action, Spherical harmonics and functions, 8. 9. 10. Legendre, Bessel and Hermite Polynomials, Cauchy’s Reimann condition, Cauchy’s integral theorem and formula. Quantum Mechanics:- Representation of dynamic variables by operators, Operators Algebra, Schrodinger wave equation and its application, Free particle in a box, Potential barrier, Simple harmonic oscillator and Hydrogen atom, Concept of orbital angular momentum. Eigen values and Eigen function Lx, Ly, and Lz, Commutative rules. Basic Properties of nucleus:- Liquid drop model, nuclear shell model, reaction cross section, nuclear reaction, Bohr’s nucleus theory. Nuclear fission and its explanation by liquid drop model, Plasma, fusion reaction in Plasma, fusion reactor, stellar energy. Band theory of solids, conductors, free electron model of metal, density of states, fermi energy, Kronig-Penny Model for energy bands. Hall effect. Langevin’s theory of paramagnetism and Curie Weiss Law. (03) - jktuhfr'kkL= 1- 2- 34567- 89- izkphu Hkkjrh; jktuSfrd fopkj ds izeq[k y{k.k] euq vkSj dkSfVY;] izkphu ;wukuh fopkj/kkjk dh fo”ks’krk,W IysVks] vjLrw] e/;dkyhu jktuSfrd fopkj dh lkekU; fo”ks’krk,a] lar Fkkel ,fDoukl] ekflZfy;kas vkWQ isMqvk] eSfd;kosyh] gkWCl] ykWd] ekWUVsLD;w :lks] csUFke] ts-,l-fey] Vh-,p- xzhu- ghxsy] ekDlZ] ysfuu vkSj ekvks&Rls&raqx] ykLdhA jktuhfr foKku dk Lo:i vkSj {ks=%& Lora= fo’k; ds :i eas jktuhfr foKku dk fodkl jktuhfr ,d fof”k’V ekuo O;ogkj ds :i eas ijEijkxr cuke lelkef;d mikxe] O;ogkjokn O;oLFkk vkSj fl)kUr vkSj vU; vk/kqfud mikxe mRrj O;ogkjoknh jktuhfrd fo”ys’k.k] jktuhfrd fo”ys’k.k dk ekDlokZnh mikxeA vk/kqfud jkT; dh mRifRr vkSj Lo:i% laizHkqrk] laizHkqrk dk v}Sroknh vkSj cgqy lRrkoknh fopkj] “kfDr] lRrk] oS/krk] jk’Vª jkT; iz.kkyhA jktuSfrd ck/;rk,¡ & izfrjks/k] Økafr] vf/kdkj] Lor=ark] lekurk] U;k;A yksdra= dk fl)kUrA jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk;sa & vkn”kZokn] O;fDrokn] lektokn ¼yksdrkaf=d vkSj QSfc;u½ mnkjokn] Qklhokn] ekDlZoknhA rqyukRed jktuhfr ds v/;;u ds mikxe% ikjaifjd vkSj lajpukRed& izdk;kZRed mikxe] jktuhfrd lekthdj.k] jktuhfrd lEizs’k.k vkSj jktuhfrd fodkl dh vo/kkj.kkA ny O;oLFkk vkSj jktuhfrd izfØ;k & ny O;oLFkk] ncko lewg] izfrfuf/kRo vkSj fuoZkpu O;oLFkkfidk] dk;Zikfydk] U;k;ikfydk] ukSdj”kkghA Hkkjrh; “kklu o jktuhfr% ¼d½ vk/kqfud Hkkjr eas jk’Vªokn ,oa mi fuos”kokn jktk jkeeksgu jk;] nknkHkkbZ ukSjkth] xks[kys] fryd] Jh vjfoan] Hkhejko vacsMdj] ,e-,u- jkW; xka/kh vkSj usg:A ¼[k½ xBu % Hkkjrh; lafo/kku lHkk dk xBu & izLrkouk ekSfyd vf/kdkj vkSj funsZ”kd fl)kUr] la? k ljdkj] jk’Vª ifr] iz/kkuea=h] eaf=e.My] laln vkSj lalnh; izfØ;k mPpre U;k;ky; vkSj U;kf;d lfØ;rkokn] U;kf;d leh{kk] Hkkjrh; la?kokn] dsUnz&jkT; lac/a k] jkT; ljdkj&jkT;iky dh Hkwfedk] iapk;rh jktA ¼x½ d`R;dkjh & Hkkjrh; jktuhfr eas oxZ] tkfr] {ks=okn] Hkk’kkokn vkSj lainz k;okn dh jktuhfr] /keZfujis{krk vkSj jk’Vªh; ,dhdj.k dh leL;k,a] jktuSfrd Jsf’VoxZ] ifjorZudkjh ?kVd] jktuSfrd ny vkSj jktuSfrd lgHkkfxrk] vk;kstuk Øe'k% (3) 10- Hkkjr ¼v½ ¼c½ ¼l½ ¼n½ ¼b½ ¼Q½ ¼t½ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. vkSj fodklkRed iz”kklu] lkekftd vkfFkZd ifjorZu vkSj Hkkjrh; yksdra= ij mldk izHkko] lafo/kku la”kks/kuA dh fons”k uhfr fu/kkZjd rRo vkSj fo”ks’krk,a] iap”khyA Hkkjr dk mlds iM+ksfl;kas ls laca/k & ikfdLrku] phu] ckaxykns”k] usiky] Jhyadk vkSj vQxkfuLrkuA Hkkjr dk mPp lRrkvksa ls lca/ka & la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] lksfo;r la?k@:l ls lac/a kA Hkkjr vkSj vU; laxBu & la;qDr jk’Vª la?k] jk’Vªe.My] lkdZ] vQzks&,f”k;kbZ ,drk] xqVfujis{k vkUnksyuA n`f’Vdks.k %& Hkkjrh; n`f’Vdks.k] vjc&btjk;y la?k’kZ] dkaxks] dksfj;k] fudkjkxqvk eas vesfjdh gLr{ksiA uhfr;ka %& vUrjkZ’Vªh; “kkafr o lqj{kk] fujL=hdj.k] ekuo vf/kdkj] i;kZoj.kh; eqn~n]s mRrj nf{k.k laokn] nf{k.k&nf{k.k laokn] ijek.kfod uhfr] oS”ohdj.kA xqVfujis{krk dk ewY;kadu ,oa izklafxdrkA (03) - POLITICAL SCIENCE Main features of Ancient Indian political thought, Manu and Kautilya; Characteristics of ancient Greek Thought - Plato, Aristotle, General features of Medieval Political Thought - St. Thomas Acquinas, Marsiglio of Padua, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Bentham, J.S. Mill, T.H. Green, Hegel, Marx, Lenin and Mao-Tse-Tung, Laski Nature and scope of Political Science: Growth of Political Science as an independent discipline. Politics as a specific human behavior, Traditional Vs. Contemporary approaches to the study. Behaviouralism Systems Theory and other recent approaches, Post-behaviouralism, political analysis: Marxist approach to political analysis. The emergence and nature of the Modern State Sovereignty, The Monistic and Pluralistic thought of Sovereignty: Power, Authority and Legitimacy, Nation- States System. Political Obligation-Resistance, Revolutions, Rights, Liberty, Equality, Justice. Theory of Democracy; Political Ideologies – Idealism, Individualism, Socialism, (Democratic and Fabian) Liberalism, Fascism and Marxism. Comparative Politics- Traditional and Structural Functional approach, concept of Political Socialisation, Political communication, Political Development. Party System and Political Procedure – party system, Pressure Groups, Representation and Election, Executive, Legislature, Judiciary, Bureaucracy. Indian Govt. and Politics (a) Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gokhale, Tilak, Sri Aurobindo, B.R. Ambedkar, M.N. Roy, Gandhi, Nehru. (b) Constitution of India – formation, Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy; Union Government-President, Parliament, Prime Minister and Cabinet; Parliament and Parliamentary Procedure; Supreme Court and Judicial Review and Judicial Activism; Indian Federalism, Centre-State Relations, Role of Governor, Panchayati Raj. (c) The Functioning – Role of Class, Caste, Language, Region and Communalism in Indian Politics, Secularism, National Integration, Political Elites, Changing Composition, Political Parties and Political Participation, Planning and Developmental Administration, SocioEconomic changes and their impact on Indian Democracy. Constitutional Amendment. Indian Foreign Policy. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Determinating Elements, Characteristics, Panchsheel . Relations with Neighbours ; Pakistan, China, Bangla Desh, Nepal, Sri Lanka & Afghanistan. Relations with Super Powers ; USA, USSR/Russia. India and other Organisations- United Nations Organisation, Commonwealth, SAARC, Afro-Asian Solidarity, non-alignment movenent Attitudes-Indian Attitudes on Arab-Israel Conflict, Congo, Korea, US intervention in Nicaragua. Policies – International Peace and Security, Disarmament, Human Rights, Environmental issues, North-South Dialogue, South-South Dialogue, Nuclear Policy, Globalisation. Estimation of Non-alignment and Relevance (04) - fgUnh 1- 2- 3- 4- 56- 78- izkphudky ls ysdj vkt rd ds fgUnh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl dk lkekU; Kku visf{kr gksxkA fgUnh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl ds fdlh Hkh dky [k.M vkSj jpuk izo`fRr ij iz”u iwNs tk ldsaxAs ikB~; & lkexzh ls O;k[;k ds vfrfjDr dfo;ksa@ys[kdksa ds jpukRed vuqnku ij vkykspukRed iz”u iwNs tk ldsx a sA fuEufyf[kr izkphu dfo;ksa dh dfork,W %& dchj&dchj xzaFkkoyh] ukxjh izpkfj.kh lHkk] la-&';ke lqanj nkl] izFke 100 lkf[k;kW] lwjnkl&Hkzej xhr lkj lEiknd& vkpk;Z jkepUnz “kqDy] izFke ipkl in] rqylh nkl&fou; if=dk] ¼xhrk izl s xksj[kiqj½] izFke ipkl in] ?kukuan dfoRr ¼la- & fo”oukFk izlkn feJ½ izFke ipkl dfoRrA fuEufyf[kr vk/kqfud dfo;ksa dh dfork,W%& t;”kadj izlkn & dkek;uh ¼J)k lxZ½] lw;d Z kUr f=ikBh fujkyk&jke dh “kfDr iwtk] ckny jkx] dqdqjeqRrkA lqfe=kuanu iar & ifjorZu] ukSdkfogkj] la/;k ds ckn] rktA lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u vKs; & unh ds }hi] ;g }hi vdsyk] dyxh cktjs dh] gjh ?kkl ij {k.k Hkj] var% lfyykA eqfDrcks/k&Hkwy&xyrh] czEgjk{kl] va/ksjs esaA fuEufyf[kr miU;kl%& izes pan & xksnku] Q.kh”ojukFk js.kq & eSyk vkWpy] Hkh’e lkguh & relA fuEufyf[kr ukVd%& t;”kadj izlkn & LdanxqIr] /keZohj Hkkjrh & va/kk;qx] eksgu jkds”k & vk/ks&v/kwjsA fuEufyf[kr fucaa/k%& ljnkj iw.kZ flag & etnwjh vkSj izse] ia- jkepUnz “kqDy&J)k&HkfDr] dfork D;k gS\ MkW- gtkjh izlkn f}osnh & v”kksd ds QwyA Hkkjrh; o ik'pkR; dkO;&fl)kar%& jl laiznk;] vyadkj laiznk;] odzksfDr lainz k;] vuqdj.k fl)kar] fojspu fl)kar] vfHkO;atukoknA vk/kqfud fgUnh dfork ds izzeq[k okn%& Nk;kokn] izxfrokn] iz;ksxokn Hkk"kk foKku%& Hkk’kk ifjorZu ds dkj.k] /ofu ifjorZu ds dkj.k o fn”kk,a] vFkZ ifjorZu ds dkj.k o fn”kk,a] fgUnh Hkk’kk dk fodklA nsoukxjh fyfi dh fo”ks’krk,W] fgUnh “kCn lewgA (05) - laLd`r 1- dkO; xzaFk %& oSfnd lkfgR; dk bfrgkl %& lafgrk & _Xosn] ;tqoZns ] lkeosn ,oa vFkoZons dk lkekU; ifjp;A czk g~e.k] vkj.;d ,oa mifu’kn~ xzUFkksa dk laf{kIr ifjp;A osnkaxlkfgR; dk lkekU; KkuA _Xosn lafgrk ds lwDr&vfXu& 1-1] m’kl~ & 1-18] fo’.kq&1-154] bUnz & 2-12] :nz & 2-33] o:.k & Øe'k% (4) 234- 5- 6- I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. 7-86] eaMd w &7-103] v{klwDr & 10-34] iq:’k lwDr & 10-90] uklnh; lwDr & 10-129A ykSfdd laaLd`r lkfgR; dk bfrgkl %& jkek;.k] egkHkkjr] iqjk.k] egkdkO;] x|dkO;] pEiw lkfgR;] dFkklkfgR;] ukVd] xhfrdkO;] ,sfrgkfld egkdkO;A O;kdj.k %& lfU/k] dkjd ,oa lekl dkO;xzaFk %& vfHkKku “kkdqUrye~ ¼lEiw.kZ½ & dkfynkl iz.khre~A fdjkrktquZ h;e~ ¼izFkelxZ½ & Hkkjfod`re~A f”k”kqikyo/ke~ ¼izFkelxZ½ & ek?kd`re~A dknEcjh ¼”kqduklksins”k%½ & ck.kHkV~Vd`re~A LoIuoklonRre~ & Hkkld`re~A dkO;'kkL= %& dkO; iz;kstu] dkO; gsr]q dkO;y{k.k] dkO; & HksnA vyadkj & vuqikz l] ;ed] :id] miek] mRisz{kk] foHkkouk] fo”ks’kksfDr] vFkkZUrjU;kl] fun”kZuk rFkk vig~uqfrA laLÑr ls fgUnh@vaaxzsth esa vuqoknA Aero biology Aquatic micro biology Soil micro biology Waste treatment Positive and negative roles of microbes in environment. X. Microbial diversityDiversity of Microbial world, extremophiles, Basic ecological principle and microbes XI. Food Microbiology Food as substrate for microorganisms. Contamination and spoilage of food materials. Food borne infections and intoxications. Food fermentation. Food produced by microbes. XII. Medical Micro biology Early discovery of Pathogenic microorganisms; Classification and general properties of bacteria and viruses; Anti microbial therapy; XIII. Microbial technology Biotechnology and microbiology; Fermentation technology; Industrial production of citric acid, enzymes, ethanol, acetic acid, antibiotics and steroids; Bio-fertilizer, Bio-pesticides, Mushroom Production, (06) - MICROBIOLOGY Biopolymers, Bioremediation; General Micro biology Scale-up , instrumentation control, physical and chemical enMicrobiology, Microscopic measurements, Types of microbes, vironment sensors, downstream process; phase contrast, dark field and fluorescence. Sterilization techXIV. Immunology niques, preparation of Culture media, culture techniques. MiImmune system and immunity; crobial growth measurements, Types of dye staining. Antigens and antibodies; Bacteriology Antigens- antibodies Reactions; Morphology and ultra structure of bacteria, nomenclature of Tumor immunology; bacteria, Hyper sensitivity reactions; Classification of bacteria Immunity to infections; Virology Biostatistics Brief outline on discovery of viruses. nomenclature and classi- XV. Introduction- definition of statistics and importance in microfication of viruses, Viral genome, viral related agents, (Virions biology, Mean, Median and Mode, Standard deviation, Stan& Prions) Bacteriophages structure and organization Plant Vidard error, Histogram, Tabulation, Normal distribution, Binoruses - classification nomenclature and effect of viruses on mial distribution and Poisson distribution, Chi- square test and Plants, Prevention of crop loss due to virus infection Animal T-test. Viruses- Classification and nomenclature of animal and human XVI. Bioinformatics & Biophysics viruses. Over view of bioinformatics, genomics & genome project, Mycology and Physiology phylo-genetics and bioinformatics protein analysis, Scope and Mycology - Micro fungi, general feature of fungi, classificamethods of biophysics, methods in biophysical analysis. tion of fungi general life cycle of fungi, fungi and ecosystem. Phycology - Micro algae, General feature, Classification and XVII. Computer in MicrobiologyComputer Basics, Operating systems, windows and Unix, Hardgeneral life cycle of algae, Algae & ecosystem. ware, Software, Disk Operating System, Multimedia, Network General BiochemistryConcepts, C-programming , HTML & XML Biochemistry of bacteria, animal and plant cell, Specialized XVIII. Recombinant DNA Technology components of microorganisms and their structure and funcCore Techniques and essential enzymes used in RDNA techtion. Enzymes- their classification and kinetics. Structural feanology, Cloning Vectors, Specialized cloning strategies, PCR tures and chemistry of micro molecules. Bioenergetics and stratmethods and application, DNA Sequencing methods. egy of metabolism. Molecular Biology:(07) - HOME SCIENCE Nucleic acid as genetic information carriers, Structural feature of DNA and its relation to function, DNA - replication, DNA Food Science Food Group repair system. Structural feature of RNA and its relation to Food Preparation function. Regulation of gene expression, maturation and proFood Preservation cessing of RNA. Protein Synthesis Food Science & Food Analysis Microbial GeneticsFood Processing Gene as a Unit of mutation and recombination. Gene transfer Nutrition Science mechanism, plasmids. Fundamentals of nutrition Microbial genetics and design of vaccines. Nutritional Biochemistry Microbial physiology and developmentFood microbiology Basic concept of bioenergetics. Brief account of photosynthetic Public nutrition and accessory pigments. Respiration metabolism. Assimilation of nitrogen. Microbial Food and Nutrition Food Science and Quality Control development , sporulation and morphogenesis. Macro and Micro Nutrients Environmental Micro biology - Øe'k% (5) Human Nutritional Requirements Assessment of Nutritional Status Institutional Management Management of Hospitality Institutes – Hospital/Hotel/ Restaurent/Cafe and Outdoor catering Management of Social Institutes – family as Institute, child care and Geriatric institutes, Panchayats Management of Educational Institutes – Preschool, primary & Secondary Schools, (College and Universities) Higher Educational Institutes. Management of Special Institutes for physically and socially challenged Challenges and Problems faced by Institutions. Clothing Principle of clothing-Socio – Psychological aspects of clothing, selection of fabrics, clothing and family clothing Clothing construction – basic principle of drafting, flat pattern and draping methods Textile Design – principles andconcepts Fashion Design – fashion cycies, business and merchandizing Care and maintenance of textile materials and garments ; Laundru agents-methods and equipments Textiles General properties and fine structure of all textile fibers Processinng and manufacture of all natural and man-made fibers Definition and classification of yaens: identification of yarns and its use in various fabrics Fabric construction, definition and types of woven, non-woven, knitted and other construction techniques Testing of fibers, yarns and fabric; Importance of quality control and research institutes Clothing and Textiles Textile chemistry- Fibers and dyes Dyeing, printing and finishing of fibers yarns and fabrics Textile and Apparel Industry – Fundamental of Business, specifications, quality control agencies and marketing Historic and Traditional Textile of world with emphasis on India Family Resource Management Concept of Home Management Management of Human Resources: Classification of Resources; Basic Characteristics of Resources. Decision making in family: Steps in decision making; Methods of resolving conflicts; Work simplification; Importance of work simplification in home; Mudels classes of change; Simple pen and pencil technique in work simplification Housing, Interior Design, Principles of Interior design, various colours and colour schemes Household equipment- Selection and Care Family resources- management of Resouces like time energy and money; Basic characteristics of Resources; Efficient methods of utilization of Resources Family life cycle-Demands upon resources like time, energy and money Concept of Egronomics-its importance and application in home Consumer Education- Laws protecting consumer; Role of consumer society in protecting consumer; kinds of adulteration; Identification of adulteration Human Development Child Development-Principles and Stages Life Span Development- Theories of Human Development and Behaviour Child rearing, Socialisation practices and Dynamics Early Childhood Care and Education- Emerging Trends Development problems and disabilities during childhood and adolescence, guidance and counseling Advanced child study methods and assessment Women’s Studies, Family Welfare Programme- Recent Approaches Children with special needs and children at risk( child labour, street children, child abuse, chronically sick); Intervention programme Socialisation in various family contexts across different cultures Non-formal Education and Extension Eduacation History and Development of Home Science in Formal/Nonformal and Extension Education Theory and Practices of proramme/curriculum planning and development Management and Administration of Formal/ Non formal and Extension Education Monitoring, Supervision and Evaluation of Formal,Non-formal and Extension Education Vocationalisation of Home Sciences in India Theories and Principles of Guidance and Counselling in Formal/ Non-formal/ Extension Developmental and Educational Communication Concept and cllassification of communication Traditional Methods and Materials of communication-selection/ preparation/ use Modern Methods and Materials of communication- selection/ preparation/ use Strategies for developmental communication Classroom communications in Home Science trends Communication for publicity and public relations Change and challenges in communication in contemporary society Home Science Extension Education Curriculum Development for formal education in Home Sciences General and special methods of teaching Home Science Media and Materials for promoting Home Science in Formal/ Non-formal/ Adult/ Extension Education Non-formal and Adult Education in Home Science Extension Education in Home Science Women in Changing India and plans for their development Self-employment and Entrepreneurship through Home Science Programme of Extension in Home Science Measurement and Evaluation including monitoring and supervision for Formal/ Non-formal/ Education/ Extension Education Methods of Research Trends in Research in Home Science Research Designs Types of Rsearch Sampling Techniques Selection and Preparation of Tools for data collection Type of variables and their selection Data collection and classification/ coding Analysis of data through parametric non-parametric statistics Report writing-presentation of data, interpretation and discus sion (08) - okf.kT; 1- 2- okf.kT; dk vFkZ ,oa {ks=] O;kolkf;d ,oa vk|kSfxd laaxBu dh ifjHkk’kk] laxBu] izzca/k ,oa iz”kklu esa Hksn] O;kolkf;d laxBu ds fofHkUu izk:iksa ds foHksnkRed y{k.k] lkoZtfud miØeksa ds :iA vkS|ksfxd laxBuksas dk fodkl] vkS|kSfxd laxBu ds fl)kar ,oa izca/k] vkS|ksfxd bdkb;ksa dk iSekuk] vuqdwyu vkdkj dk fl)kar] LFkkuh;dj.k dk fl)kar] oSKkfud izca/k ,oa foosdhdj.k] Øe'k% (6) 3- 4- 5- 67- 8910- mRikndrk&vFkZ ,oa izHkkfor djus okys ?kVd] Hkkjr esa mRikndrk vkankssyu] iawt a h fuxZeu ij fu;=a.kA izca/k dh izzd`fr ,oa egRo] izca/k dhs vk/kqfud vo/kkj.k] izca/k ds dk;Z mn~ns”;ksa ds vk/kkj ij] viokn ds vk/kkj ij izc/a k] dk;kZy;hu izca/k] {ks= fl)kar ,oa iz.kkfy;kW vkSj uSfR;d dk;Z] dk;kZy;hu vfHkys[kkas dh O;oLFkkiuk vkSj O;ogkj] dk;kZy;hu midj.k ,oa e”khusaA dEiuh lfpo& dk;Z fu;qfDr] oS/kkfud fLFkfr vkSj ;ksX;rk,W] izLrko vkSj lHkk,¡] dEiuh lfpo ds vf/kdkj] dRrZO; ,oa nkf;Ro] lwpuk dk izk:i] ,ts.Mk rFkk lw{e ,oa izLrko] dEiuh }kjk i= O;ogkjA oS/k vuqcU/k ds vko”;d rRo] fu{ksi] xkj.Vh ¼izR;kHkwfr+½ v + kSj gkfu j{kk] ,dkf/kdkj izfrcU/kkRed O;kikj O;ogkj vf/kfu;e ds izeq[k izko/kku] miHkksDrk psrukA lkaf[;dh izca/kdh; ;qfDr ds :i easa lkaf[;dh] lkaf[;dh&loZs{k.k dk vk;kstu] lkaf[;dh&leadksa dk laxzg.k] dsUnzh; izo`fRr;ksa ds eki] vifdj.k] fo’kerk] lawpdkad] dkyfi;Zu dk lg&lac/k xq.kkadA vk;dj egRoiw.kZ ifjHkk’kk,W] fuokl LFkku vkSj dj nkf;Ro] osru rFkk edku lEifRr ls vk; dh x.kuk] O;fDr;kssa vkSj QekZs ij dj dh x.kukA ykxr ys[kkadu& ykxr ds rRo ,oa ykxrkas ds fu/kkZj.k dh fof/k;kW] ykxr i= dh jpuk vkSj Bsdkys[ks] lhekUr ykxr ,oa le foPNsn fcUnq] ifjpkyu ykxrA ys[kkadu &f} izfof"V iz.kkyh ds fl}kar] lek;kstu lfgr vafre [kkrs] lk>snkjh izos”k ,oa lekiu] va”kks dk fuxZeu ,oa gj.kA vad{s k.k&ifjHkk"kk] {ks= ,oa egRo] jksdM+ iqLrd dk vad{s k.k] lEifRr;ksa ,o nkf;Roksa dk lR;kiu] vads{kd ds vf/kdkj] drZO; ,oa nkf;Ro] ,d f”k{k.k laLFkk dk vads{k.kA (08) - COMMERCE 1. Meaning and scope of commerce, definition of Business and industrial organization, distinction between organization, management and administration, distinctive features of different forms of Business organisation, forms of public enterprises. 2. Evolution of industrial organization, principles and management of industrial organization, scale of industrial units, Theory of optimum size. theories of localisation, scientific management and rationalization productivity, meaning and factors affecting productivity, Productivity movement in India : Control of Capital issue. 3. Nature and importance of management, modern concept of management, management functions, management by objectives and management by exception, office management, scope and principle, systems and routines handling of office records, office equipments Machines. 4. Company Secretary Functions, Appointment legal position and qualifications, resolution and meetings, rights, duties and liabilities of a Company Secretary, drafting of notice. Agenda, Minutes, Resolutions, company correspondence. 5. Essentials of a valid contract, bailment, Guarantee and indemnity. Main provision of M.R.T.P., consumers consciousness. 6. Statistics :- Statistics as a managerial tool, conduct of investigation, collection of statistical data, Measures of Central tendency dispersion; Skew-ness, Index numbers; Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation. 7. Income Tax:-Important definitions, residence and tax liability, computation of income under the heads salary; income from house property, computation of tax on individual and firms. 8. Cost Accounting :- Elements of cost and methods of allocating on cost; Preparation of Cost Sheet and contract accounts; Marginal Costing and Break Even Point, Operating Cost. 9. Accountancy :- Principles of Double Entry System; Final account with adjustment; Partnership-Admission and Dissolution; issue and forfeiture of shares. 10. Auditing :- Definition, Scope and importance, Audit of Cash Book. Verification of Assets and liabilities. Rights, Duties and liabilities of auditor, Audit of an educational institution. (09) - jlk;u'kkL= HkkSfrd jlk;u m"ekxfrdh% m’ekxfrdh dk izFke fu;e] Cp rFkk Cv ds e/; laca/k] HkkSfrd o jklk;fud ifjorZuksa dh ,UFksyih] ,UFksyiha dh rkih; fuHkZjrk] Å’ekxfrdh dk f}rh; fu;e] ,.VªkWih] fxCl rFkk gsYeksYV~l ds Qyu] ,.VªkWih rFkk fxCl Qyu dk fu/kkZj.k] Å’ekxfrdh dk r`rh; fu;e] eSDlosy laca/k] fxCl Qyu dh rki nkc ij fuHkZjrk] fxCl&gsYeksYV~l lehdj.kA jklk;fud lkE;% feJ.k dh eqDr ÅtkZ rFkk ,.VªkWih] vkaf”kd eksyj xq.k] fxCl M~;gw es lehdj.k] lkE; fu;rkad] lkE; fu;rkad dh rkih; fuHkZjrk] izkoLFkk vkjs[k] izkoLFkk fu;e] vkn”kZ foy;u rFkk v.kqla[; xq.k/keZ] forj.k xq.kkad] lfØ;rk] ty;kstu la[;k dh /kkj.kk] fo|qr vi?kVuh foy;ukas dh lfØ;rk,a] vkSl r vk;fud lfØ;rk&xq.kkad] izcy fo|qr mi?kV~;ksa dh fMckbZ&gdy O;k[;k] fo|qrokgd cy (EMF) ekiu ds vuqiz;ksx] fofHkUu izdkj ds lkan.z k lsyA i`"B ?kVuk% i`‘B ruko] Bkslksa ij vf/k”kks"k.k] vra% ry (Interface) ij fo|qrh; ?kVuk] i`‘Bksa ds v/;;u dh fof/k;ksa dk izkjafHkd Kku ¼mnkgj.k izdk”k & bysDVªkWfud] LisDVªksLdksih½] felsy o foy;uhdj.kA vfHkfØ;k cy xfrdh% jklk;fud vfHkfØ;kvksa dh nj] nj lehdj.k (Rate equation) fu/kkZfjr djus dh fof/k;k¡] vkjghfu;l lehdj.k] vfHkfØ;k nj dk la?kV~V fl)kar ¼Collision Theory½] LVsfjd dkjd (Steric factor), ,d&vkf.od vfHkfØ;kvksa ds fl)kar] ije&vfHkfØ;k (Absolute Reaction) nj fl)kar] la?kV~V fl)kar ,oa ije& vfHkfØ;k (Absolute Reaction) nj fl)kar dh rqyuk] f}vkf.od vfHkfØ;k,a] yo.k&izHkko] lekaxh mRizsj.k] ,Utkbe cy xfrdhA izdk'k jlk;u% f}ijek.kq izdk”k jlk;fud vfHkfØ;k;as] izdk”k HkkSfrdh rFkk izdk”k jklk;fud fØ;k,a] Jà[kyk vfHkfØ;k,a] izdk”k jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k dh cy xfrdh] o`gnk.kqvksa (Macromolecules) ds la[;k vkSlr rFkk vkSlr Hkkj] v.kqHkkj dk fu/kkZj.k] cgqyhdj.k dh cyxfrdh] cgqyhdj.k dk f=foe jlk;u rFkk fØ;kfof/k] Bksl voLFkk% czx s dk lehdj.k] cSfz ol tkyd] feyj lwpdkad rFkk ryksa dk vadu] ,dy ?kukdkj lsy ds vk;keksa dk fu/kkZj.k rFkk ,dy lsy esa ijek.kq vkSj v.kqvksa dh la[;k dk fu/kkZj.k] vk;fud fØLVyksa dh tkyd ÅtkZ,a] esMyxa fu;rkad] ckWu& Z gScj pØ] “kkWVdh rFkk QzUs dsy =qfV;k¡] LFkku&Hkaz”k] Bkslksa ds fo|qrh; xq.k] fo|qrjks/kh rFkk v/kZpkydA Øe'k% (7) ukfHkdh; jlk;u% vkWDlhdj.k la[;k] vkWDlhdj.k&vip;u vfHkfØ;kvksa dk lary q u] jsfM;ks lfØ; {k; (radio active decay) rFkk lkE;] ukfHkdh; vkWDlhdj.k vip;u foHkoA vfHkfØ;k,a] Q-eku] ukfHkdh; vuqiLz Fk ifjPNsn ¼Nuclear Cross dkcZfud jlk;u HkkSfrd dkcZfud jlk;u% Section½] ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;kvkas ds izdkj] ukfHkdh; :ikUrj.k ds izjs f.kr rFkk vU; {ks= izHkko] ek/;fed ;kSfxd] dkcksZdsVk;u] jklk;fud izHkko] fo[k.Mu (fission) rFkk lay;u (fusion) mRikn] dkcksZfu;u] eqDrewyd] dkchZu] ukbVªhu rFkk ,jkbZu dh lajpuk] jsfM;ks lfØ; Vsªlj rduhd] lfØ;.k fo”ys’k.k] ekslck;j dkcZfud vfHkfØ;k,a rFkk mudh fØ;k&fof/k] ukfHkd Lusgh rFkk LisDVªksLdksih & fl)kar rFkk jklk;fud vuqiz;ksx] x.ku rduhdhA bysDVªkWuLusgh foLFkkiu rFkk ;ksx vfHkfØ;k,a] foyksiu vfHkfØ;k,a] vkf.od LisDVªksLdksih% csdeku] f”eV] gkWQesu] dfVZ;l] osXuj&ehjfou] Ýkbl] oqYQ] f}ijekf.kod v.kqvksa dh ?kw.kZu rFkk dEiu LisVªksLdksih dk lS)kafrd fjQkesZVL~ dh iqufoZU;kl dh fØ;kfof/kA v/;;u] LisVkª sLdksih p;u fu;eksa ds fy, lewg&fl)kar ds vuqi;z ksx] f=foe&jlk;u rFkk la:i.k fo”ys’k.k] vfHkfoU;kl rFkk la:i.k] bysDVªkWu vuqpqEcdh; vuqukn rFkk ukfHkdh; pqEcdh; vuqukn T;kferh; ,oa izdk”kdh; leko;ork] R, S rFkk E, Z ukedj.k ¼NMR½ LisDVªkLs dksih ds fl)kar] ijek.kqvksa rFkk v.kqvksa ds bysDVªkWfud LisDVªk] ijek.koh; vo”kks’k.k LisDVªkLs dksih ds vuqiz;ksx] dh fof/k;ka] vlefer la”ys"k.k] pØh; rFkk vpØh; fudk;kas dk fo'ys"k.k dh HkkSfrd&jklk;fud fof/k;k¡% la:i.kh; fo”ys’k.k] lk;DyksgDtsuksa dh fØ;k”khyrk ij la:i.k jklk;fud fo'ys"k.kkas eas & forj.k rFkk vf/k”kks’k.k ØkseVs ksxzkQh] ds izHkko] izdk”kdh; ?kw.kZd] izodh.kZu (ORD) rFkk o`Rrh; f}o.kZrk foyk;d fu’d’kZ.k] vk;u&fofue; vodyuh; m’eh; fo”ys’k.k (CD)A rFkk m’eh; HkkjkRed fo”ys"k.k (TGA), iksyjs ksxzkQh rFkk pØh; ,fyQSfVd ;kSfxd% oksYVkfefr] vkSlr] ekud fopyu] =qfV;ksa ds izdkj] izksikxs’ku fuEu oxksZa ds ;kSfxdksa ds cukus dh fof/k;k¡] fof”kV vfHkfØ;k,a =qfV;k¡ (Propagation Errors), U;wure oxkZRed fo”ys’k.k (Least ¼fØ;kfof/k lfgr½] lajpuk,a rFkk mi;ksx % ,Ydsu] lk;Dyks ,Ydsu] Squre Analysis), ;FkkFkZrk o ifj”kq)rk (Accuracy and ,sYdhu] MkbZu rFkk ,YdkbZu] ,sfYdygsykbM] vYdksgy] bZFkj] Precision)A ,sfYMgkbM] dhVksu] dkW cksZfDlfyd vEy rFkk muds O;qRiUu] vdkcZfud jlk;u ukbVªks&;kSfxd] Fkk;ksy dkcZ/kkfRod rFkk lfØ; fefFkyhu ;kSfxdksa lajpuk rFkk vkca/ku% ds la”ys’k.kkRed vuqiz;ksxA ijekf.od d{kd] ijek.kqvksa dk bysDVªkWfud foU;kl ¼vkWQckÅ fl)kar ,jkseSfVd ;kSfxd% o L-S ;qXeu½] rRoksa ds vkorhZ xq.k% vk;fud&f=T;k] vk;uu&foHko] g~;d w y dk fu;e rFkk ,sjksefs VflVh dh ladYiuk] ,U;wyhu] ,T;wyhu] bysDVªkWu&cU/kqrk] fo|qr _.kkRedrk] ladj.k dh ladYiuk] f}ijekf.od fuEufyf[kr ,sjksefs Vd ;kSfxdksa ds cukus dh fof/k;ka rFkk jklk;fud v.kqvkas dk bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] cgqijekf.od v.kqvksa ds vkdkj] cU/k vfHkfØ;k,a % gsykstu&O;qRiUu] ukbVªkcs sUthu] ,sehu] Mkbtksfu;e nS/;Z] cU/kdks.k] cU/k dksfV rFkk cU/k ÅtkZ,]a vuqukn] jklk;fud ca/k ds yo.k] lYQksfud vEy] ,sjksesfVd ,sYdkWgy] Qhuky] ,sfYMgkbM] izdkj ¼gkbMªkt s u cU/k lfEefyr½] varj&vkf.kod cyA dhVksu rFkk dkckZfDlfyd vEy v.kq rFkk ijek.kqvksa dh bysDVªkWfud lajpuk% fo"kepØh; ;kSfxd rFkk izkd`frd mRikn% JksfMUtj dk lehdj.k (SE)rFkk Dok.Ve ;kaf=dh dh vfHk/kkj.kk,a] ¶;wjkWu] ikW;jkWy] Fkk;ksQhu] fijhMhu] fijhfeMhu] bUMksy rFkk fDouksyhu ds la”ys’k.k rFkk lkekU; vfHkfØ;k,a] ,atkbe] jatd] SE ds izkjafHkd vuqiz;ksx ¼;Fkk% ckWDl esa d.k] vkorhZ&nksyd] VihZUl rFkk cgqyd] ,sYdksykbM rFkk I;wjhUl] vehuksvEy] izzksVhUl ?kw.kdZ rFkk gkbMªkstu ijek.kq½] fHkUurk ize;s (variation theo¼izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d lajpuk½] dkcksZgkbMsªVl ~ ¼eksuks] MkbZ rFkk rems), {kksHk fl)kra (pertubation theory) ¼ghfy;e ijek.kq ij ikWfylsdjs kbM½ dk lkekU; v/;;uA vuqi;z ksx½] bysDVªkWfud foU;kl rFkk ;qXeu ;kstuk] LCAO, vkf.od dkcZfud izdk'k jlk;u% d{kd rFkk la;kstdrk&vkca/k fl)kar }kjk H2 rFkk H2 + dh O;k[;kA dkcZfud v.kqvksa dh mRrsftr voLFkk,a] Dok.Ve ifjyfC/k;kW]a tsCykaLdh v&laØe.k rRoksa dk jlk;u% vkjs[k] ukjhl izdkj I rFkk ukWjhl izdkj II vfHkfØ;k,a] iVsuksZ&cq”kh s, p, d, rFkk f oxZ ds rRo izR;sd oxZ ds rRoksa dk lkekU; y{k.k] vfHkfØ;k] izdk”k&f}ejhdj.k] isfjlkbfDyd vfHkfØ;kvksa dk lkekU; lkekU; /kkrqvksa ds fu’d’kZ.k ,oa “kks/ku ds jklk;fud fl)karA v/;;uA v&laØe.k (Non-Transitional), rRoksa ds xq.kkas dk lkekU; foospuk] fHkUu&fHkUu rRoksa dh fof”k’Vrk,a rFkk muds gSykbMl~ o (09) - CHEMISTRY vkWDlkbM~l dk la”ys’k.k] xq.k rFkk lajpuk,a] dkcZu] QkWLQksjl Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics: rFkk lYQj dh cgq:irk] cksjkWu gkbMªkbM] cksjsu] dkckZbM] flfydsV First law of thermodynamics, relation between Cp and Cv, Endh lajpuk,a] ftvksykbV&e`nk;a]s flfydksUl] QkWLQksthu] xa/kd] thalpy of physical and chemical changes, temperature depenukbVªkstu] QkWLQksjl rFkk gSykstu ds vkWDlkbM rFkk vkWDlhvEy] dence of enthalpy, Second law of thermodynamics, entropy, Gibbs and Helmholtz functions, evaluation of entropy & Gibbs varj gsykstu ;kSfxd] /kkrq dkcksfZ uyA function, Third law of thermodynamics, Maxwell’s relations, laØe.k rRoksa dk jlk;u% temperature and pressure dependence of Gibbs function, Gibbs /kkfRod vk;uks a dk la d q y jlk;u] la d q y ;kS f xdks a ds Helmholtz equation. LFkkf;Ro&fu;rkad rFkk mudk fu/kkZj.k] ladqy ;kSfxdksa dk Chemical Equilibrium: f=foe&jlk;u] fØLVy&{ks= rFkk fyxs.M&{ks= fl)kar] bysDVªkWfud Free energy and entropy of mixing, partial molar quantities, Gibbs-Duhem equation, equilibrium constant, temperature deLisDVªk rFkk pqEcdh; xq.kksa dk foospuA pendence of equilibrium constant, Phase diagram, Phase rule, vEy o {kkj% Ideal solutions and colligative properties, Partition coefficient, czkLa VsM rFkk ysfol vEy] pH, pKa , pKb eku] vtyh; foyk;d] activities, concept of hydration number, activities in electrodBksj rFkk e`nq vEy rFkk {kkjkas dh ladYiuk] cQj foy;u] yo.k lytic solutions, mean ionic activity coefficient, Debye-Huckel ty&vi?kVu] vkW D lhdj.k vip;u (redox) vfHkfØ;k,a] treatment of strong electrolytes, Equilibrium in electrochemiØe'k% (8) Aspects of s, p, d, and F block elements, general characteriscal cells, Nernst equation, applications of EMF measurements, tics of each block, chemical principles involved in extraction Types of concentration cells. and purification of common metals. General discussion on the Surface phenomenon: properties of the non-transition elements, special features of Surface tension, adsorption on solids, electrical phenomenon individual elements, synthesis, properties and structure of their at interfaces, elementary knowledge of methods for the study of halides and oxides, polymorphism of carbon, phosphorus and surfaces e.g. photo electron spectroscopy, Micelles & Solublisation. sulphur, structure of boron hydrides, boranes, carbides, siliReaction Kinetics: cates and zeolitesclays, silicones, phosphazens, sulphur, nitroRates of chemical reactions, methods of determining rate law, gen, phosphorus and halogen compounds: oxides and oxy acArrhenius equation, collision theory of reaction rates, steric ids, inter halogen compound, metal carbonyls. factor, treatment of unimolecular reactions, theory of absolute Chemistry of Transition Elements: reaction rates, comparison of collision theory with theory of Coordination chemistry of metal ions, stability constants of comabsolute reactions rates, salt effect, homogeneous catalysis and plexes and their determination, stereochemistry of coordinaenzyme kinetics. tion compounds, crystal field and legend field theory, interprePhotochemistry: tation of spectral and magnetic properties, Biomolecular photochemical reactions, photophysical & phoAcids and Bases: tochemical processes, chain reactions, Kinetics of photochemiBronsted and Lewis acids, pH, pKa and pKb values, nonaquecal reactions, Macromolecules, determination of number averous solvents, concept of hard and soft acids & bases, buffer age and weight average molecular weights of macromolecules, solutions, salt hydrolysis, redox reactions, oxidation number, Kinetics of polymerization, Stereochemistry and mechanism of balancing oxidation reduction reactions, oxidationreduction polymerization. potentials. Solid state: Organic Chemistry Bragg’s equation, Bravais lattices, Miller indices and labeling Physical Organic Chemistry: of planes, determination of the dimensions of a unit cubic cell, Inductive and other field effects, reaction intermediates, struccalculations of number of atoms and molecules per unit cell, ture of carbocataion, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, lattice energy of ionic crystals, Madelung constant, Born-Haber nitrenes and arynes, organic reaction mechanisms, nucleophilic cycle, Schottky and Frenkel defects, dislocation, electrical propand electrophilic substitutions, additions and elimination reacerties of solids, insulators, semi-conductors tions, mechanism of Schmidt, Hofmann, Curtius, WagnerNuclear Chemistry : Meerwein, Fries, Wolf and Reformatsky rearrangements. SteRadioactive decay and equilibrium, nuclear reactions, Q value, reochemistry and conformational analysis: conformation & connuclear cross section, type of nuclear reactions, chemical effiguration, geometrical and optical isomers. R & S and E & Z fects of nuclear transformation, fission and fusion products, nomenclature, methods of resolution, asymmetric synthesis, conradioactive tracer technique, nuclear activation analysis, formational analysis of cyclic and acyclic systems, effects of Mossbauer spectroscopy, principles and chemical application, conformation on reactivity in cyclohexanes, optical rotatory counting techniques. dispersion and circular diachroism. Molecular Spectroscopy: Aliphatic Compounds: Principles of the rotational and vibration spectroscopy of diPreparation, typical reactions (including mechanism), structures atomic molecules, Applications of group theory to spectroscopic and uses of the following classes of compounds: alkane, selection rules, Principles of Electron Paramagnetic and Nuclear cycloalkane, alkene, diene, alkyne, alkylhalide, alcohol, ether, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Electronic Spectra of ataldehyde ketone, carboxylic acid and their derivatives, thiols, oms and molecules, Raman spectra, application of Atomic Abnitro compounds, synthetic applications of organometalic and sorption Spectroscopy active methylene compounds. Physico-chemical methods of analysis: Aromatic Compounds: Partition and adsorption chromatography, solvent extraction, Huckels’ rule and the concept of aromaticity, annulenes, ion-exchange, Differential Thermal Analysis and azulenes, methods of preparation and chemistry of the followThermogravimetric Analysis, Polarography and Cyclic ing aromatic compounds, halogen derivatives, nitro benzene, voltametry in chemical analysis, average, standards deviation, amines, diazonium salts, sulphonic acids, aromatic alcohols, types of errors, propagation errors, least square analysis, Acphenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids. curacy and precision. Heterocyclic Compounds and Natural Products: Inorganic Chemistry Synthesis and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, Structure and Bonding: pyrimidine, indole and quinoline, a general study of enzymes, Atomic orbital, electronic configuration of atoms (Aufbau prindyes, terpenes, polymers, alkaloids and purines, amino acids, ciple, L-S coupling) and the periodic properties of elements, proteins (primary and secondary structure) and carbohydrates ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity, electro nega(mono, di & poly saccharides), tivity, Concept of hybridization, electronic configuration of diOrganic Photochemistry: atomic molecules, shapes of polyatomic molecules, bond Excited states of organic molecules, Jablonski diagram, quanlengths, bond angles, bond order and bond resonance, types of tum yields, Norrish type I and Norrish type II reactions, Paternochemical bonds including hydrogen bond, intermolecular forces. Buchi reaction, photo-dimerization, general study of pericyElectronic structure of atoms and molecules: clic reactions The Schrodinger equation (SE) and the postulates of quantum mechanics, elementary application of SE (e.g. particle in a box, (10) - xf.kr harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator and the hydrogen atom), the chtxf.kr %& chtxf.krh; lehdj.k ds ewyks dh izd`fr ,oa xq.k] variation theorems and perturbation theory (application to the 1ewyksa ds lefer Qyukas dk vodyu] :ikarj.k] O;qRØe lehdj.k] helium atom), electronic configuration, coupling schemes, the LCAO, Molecular Orbital and the valence bond treatment of la”ysf"kd foHkktu] iqujko`Rr ewyA /kukRed inksa dh Jsf.k;kas dk H2 and H2 + vfHklj.k] rqyukRed ijh{k.k] vuqikr ,oa ewy ijh{k.k] dkS”kh Chemistry of non transition elements: dUMsu”kslu ijh{k.k] fujis{k vfHklj.kA Øe'k% (9) 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- vkO;wg %& vkO;wg dh ifjHkk"kk] vkO;wgksa dk xq.ku] ifjorZ ,oa O;qRØe vkO;wg] vkO;wg dk lg&[ka.Mt] vkO;wg dh tkfr] jSf[kd lehdj.k dk gy] dsyh&gsfeYVu izes;] vkbxsu eku ,oa vkbxsu lfn”kA f=dks.kfefr %& lfEeJ la[;k;sa vkSj mudh T;kferh; O;k[;k] fMeksfo;Zl ize;s dk ljy vuqiz;ksx] pj?kkrkadh;] y?kqx.kdh; ,oa vfrijoyf;d Qyu] okLrfod ,oa vf/kdfYir Hkkxksa esa i`FkDduA lfn'k chtxf.kr ,oa lfn'k Qyu %& vfn”k ,oa lfn”k xq.kuQy] lfn”kkaas ds f=d ,oa prq"d xq.kuQy] lfn”kkas dk vodyu vkSj lekdyu] vodyu ladkjd] izo.krk] MkbotZsUl ,oa dyZA f}&foeh; oS'ysf"kd T;kferh %& lek{k o`Rr ,oa yEc dks.kh; o`r fudk;] “kakdo dkV ¼ijoy;] nh?kZ o`Rr ,oa vfrijoy;½ ,oa muds xq.k/keZ dkrhZ; funs'Z kkdkas eas Li”kZ js[kk] vfHkyac] /kqzo] /kzozq h; O;kl] la;qXeh O;kl] ¼nh/kZ o`r ,oa vfrijoy;½ ,oa muds xq.k/keZA fu;ked o`Rr] la;qXeh vfrijoy; ,oa ledksf.kd vfrijoy;A f=ohfe; oS'ysf"kd T;kferh %& fnDdksT;k] lery vkSj ljy js[kk,a] y?kqRre nwjh] xksyk] 'kadq] O;qRØe “kadqA vodyu %& mRrjksRrj vodyu] vkaf”kd vodyu] izlkj] vfu/kkZfjr :i] mfPp"B vkSj fufEu"B] oØrk] vUuokyksi] vuUrLif”kZ;kaW] fofprkfcUn] oØks dk vuqjs[k.k] pjksa dk ifjorZu] ¼dsoy nks pjkas ds fy,½A lekdyu %& lekdyu dh fof/k;ka] fuf”pr lekdyu] chVk vkSj xkek Qyu] cgq lekdyuA vody lehdj.k %& izFke dksVh rFkk izFke ?kkr ds vody lehdj.k] ;FkkrFk vody lehdj.k] vpj xq.kkad okys jSf[kd vody lehdj.k ,oa le?kkr jSf[kd lehdj.kA vewrZ cht xf.kr%&leqPp; fl)kar] Qyu] laca/k] rqY;rk lac/a k] lewg] milewg] lg leqPp; fo;kstu] izlkekU; milewg] lewgksa dh lekdkfjrk ,oa rqY;dkfjrk] Øe fofues; lewg dh lekdkfjrk ,oa rqY;dkfjrk] pØh; lewg] [k.Mlewg] lewgkas dh lekdkfjrk dk ewyHkwr izes;] oy;] foHkktu oy;] iw.kkZd a h; izkUr] {ks=] xq.ktkoyh] foHkkx oy;] mfPp’B ,oa vHkkT; xq.ktkoyh] cgqin oy; A xf.krh; fo'ys"k.k %& MsMsfdUM&dV] x.kuh; vkSj vx.kuh; leqPp;] nwjhd lefLV;k¡] lhek fcUnq] foo`Rr ,oa laor` leqPp;] lagr leqPp;] ifjo) ,oa iw.kZ leqPp;] cksYtkuks&ohLVªkl izes;] lkarR; vkSj vodyuh;rkA lfEeJ pj %& lfEeJ pjksa ds fo”ysf"kd Qyu] ?kkr Js.kh] vfHklj.k o`Rr] lfEeJ lekdyu] dkW”kh dk izes;] Vsyj vkSj ykjsUV Jsf.k;ka] fofp=rk,a] “kqU;d ,oa /kzqo] dkW”kh dk vof”k izes;] dUVwj lekdyuA lkafLFkfrdh & lkafLFkfrd lef"V dh ifjHkk"kk vkSj mnkgj.k] vkisf{kd lkafLFkfrdh] larr izfrfp=.k vkSj lekdkfjrk] lhek fcUnq] lao`Rr leqPp;] lkehI; ,oa O;qRiUu leqPp;] vk/kkj vkSj mi vk/kkj] x.khuh; lef"VA (10) - MATHEMATICS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. nential, Logarithmic and Hyperbolic functions, Separation into Real and Imagingary parts. Vector Algebra and Vector Calculus:- Scalar and Vector products, Triple and Quadruple products of vectors, Differentiation and Integration of vectors, Differential operators, Gradient, Divergence and Curl. Analytical Geometry of two dimensions :- The circle including Co-axial and Orthogonal system of circles, Conic sections and their properties (Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola) in Cartesian coordinates, Tangents, Normal, Pole, Polar diameter, Conjugate diameters (Ellipse and Hyperbola) and their properties, Director circle, Conjugate Hyperbola and Rectangular Hyperbola. Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions:- Direction cosines, Plane and Straight lines, Shortest distance, Sphere, Cone, Reciprocal cone. Differential Calculus :- Successive differentiation, Partial differentiation, Expansions, Indeterminate forms, Maxima and Minima, Curvature, Envelopes. Asymptotes, Singular points, Curve tracing, Change of variable (for two variables only). Integral Calculus:- Methods of integration, Definite integrals, Beta and Gamma functions, Multiple integrals. Differential Equation:- Differential equations of the first order and first degree, Exact differential equations. Linear differential equations with constant co-efficients and Homogeneous linear equations. Abstract Algebra :- Theory of sets, Functions, Relations, Equivalence relations, Groups, Sub groups, Coset decomposition, Normal Sub groups, Homomorphism and Isomorphism of groups, Homomorphism and Isomorphism of commutative groups, Cyclic groups, Factor groups, Fundamental Theorem of Homomorphism of groups, Rings, Division rings, Integral domain, Fields, Ideals, Quotient rings, Maximal and Prime ideals, Ring of Polynomials. Mathematical Analysis:- Dedekind cuts, Countable and Uncountable sets, Metric spaces, Limit points, Open and Closed sets, Compact sets, Bounded and Perfect sets, BolzanoWeirstrass Theorem, Continuity and differentiability. Complex Variable :- Analytic functions of complex variables, Power series, Circle of convergence, Complex integration, Cauchy’s theorem, Taylor’s and Laurent’s series, Singularities, Zeros and Poles, Cauchy’s theorem of Residues, Contour Integration. Topology:- Definition and example of Topological spaces, Relative topology, Continuous mapping and Homomorphism, Limit points, Closed sets, Neighbourhoods & Derived sets, Bases and Sub bases, Countable space. (11) - vFkZ'kkL= 1- 2- Algebra :- Nature and properties of roots of an algebraic equation, Differentiation of the Symmetric function of roots, Trans- 3formation, Reciprocal equations, Synthetic division, Repeated roots, Convergence of Series of Positive terms, Comparison test, Ratio and Root test, Cauchy’s Condensation test, Absolute convergence. Matrices :- Definition of matrix, Multiplication of Matrices, 4Transpose and Inverse of a Matrix, Adjoint of a Matrix, Rank of a Matrix, Solution of Linear equations. Caley- Hamilton Theorem, Eigen values and Eigen vectors. Trigonometry :- Complex numbers and their geometrical representation, De-Moivre’s theorem and its applications, Expo- O;f’V ,oa lef’V fo”ys’s k.k] miHkksDs rk dk O;ogkj&mi;ksfxrk fo”ys’s k.k] rVLFkrk odz fo”yss’k.k] izzdV vf/keku fo”yss’k.k] ekax fl)akr dh iquO;kZ[;k] mRiknd dk O;ogkj&mRiknu Qyu] ifjorZu”khy vuqikrkas dk fu;e] mRiknd dk lkE;A fofHkUu cktkj fLFkfr;ksas eas ewY; ,oa mRiknu fu/kkZj.k] lk/ku ewY; fu/kkZj.k fl)kUr&yxku] etnwwjh] C;kt ,oa ykHkA jk’Vªh; vk; ys[kkadu & fofHkUu lacaf/kr ;ksxkad ,oa mudk vUrlZEcU/k] eqnkz dk ewY;] eqnzk ewwY; ls laacaf/kr vk/kqfud /kkj.kk,a feYVu fQzMesuZs ] isfVafdu] xqysZ&”kkW] VksfcuA dsUnzh; cSSad ds mn~~ns”; ,oa lalk/ku rFkk lk[k fu;a=.k dh uhfr;kW] dssUloknA vUrjkZ’Vªh; O;kikj ds fl}kaar] fofue; nj] iz”kqqYd] laaj{k.k] Hkqxrku larqyu] O;kikj dh “krsZ] vUrZjk’Vªh; rjyrk ,oa vUrZjk’Vªh; eqnq kz dks’k] vadVkM+]+] vuqnku cuke O;kikjA vkfFkZd o`f) dk vFkZ ,oa ekiA ,Me fLeFk] fjdkMkssZ]ek”kZy] ekDlZ] dhUl fgDl ,oa xka/kh dk vkfFkZd fopkjksas esa ;kssxnku ,oa vkykspukRed ewY;kaduA Øe'k% ( 10 ) 56- 7- lkaa[;hdh dk {ks= ,oa mi;ksfxrk] lka[;hdh leadksas dk laadyu] ek/;] vifdj.k ,oa fo’kerk] funsZ”kkad] izrz hixeu ,oa lg&lca/kA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk& Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk laLFkkxr <k+p a k] fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk dh leL;k,W] fu;ksftr fodkl ,oa U;k;ksfpr forj.k] xjhch dk eki ,oa xjhch nwj djus ds mik;] jk’Vªh; vk; ,oa mldk {ks=h; ,oa O;kolkf;d forj.k] d`f’k uhfr] Hkw&lq/kkj] rduhdh ifjorZu] xzkeh.k lk[k lajpuk] xzkeh.k fodklA vkSS|ksfxd uhfr] ykbZZlfas lax uhfr ,oa ,dkf/kdkj fu;a=.k] d`f’k ,oa vkS|ksfxd mRiknu ds fy, ewY; uhfr] laxzg.k ,oa lkoZtfud forj.k O;oLFkk] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk essa ekSfnzd ,oa ctV izzof` r] fjtoZ cSd a vkWQ bafaM;k ,oa ekSfnzd uhfr] fons”kh O;kikj dh izo`fRr;kW ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu] Hkkjr esa la?kh; foRr O;oLFkk] Hkkjr esa dj <kWpk] jktdks’kh; uhfr] ekSfnzd uhfr] Hkkjr esa fu;kstu&mn~n”s ;] O;wg jpuk vuqHko ,oa leL;k,WaA (11) - ECONOMICS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Micro and Macro analysis, consumer’s behaviour- utility analysis, indifference curve Analysis, revealed preference analysis, revision in demand theory, producer’s behaviour-production function, law of variable proportions, producer’s equilibrium. Determination of value and output under various market situations, theories of factor pricing-rent, wages, interest and profit. National income accounting various related aggregate and their inter-relation, value of money recent development in theory of value of money friedman, Patinkin, Gurley-Shaw, Tobin. Objectives and instruments of Central Banking and credit policies, Keynesnism. Theories of international trade, exchange rate, tariffs, Protection, balance of payment, terms of trade, international liquidity and I.M.F., UNCTAD, aid Vs trade, meaning and measurement of economic growth, contribution of Adam Smith, Ricardo, Marshall, Marx, Keynes, Hicks and Gandhi in Economic thought and its critical evaluation. Scope and utility of statistics collection of statistical data averages dispersion and skewness, index numbers regression, correlation, Indian Economy, institutional framework of Indian economy, problems of the mixed economy, planned growth and distributive justice, measure of poverty and its eradication, national income its sectoral and regional distribution, agricultural policy, land reforms, technological change, rural credit structure, rural development. Industrial Policy, licensing and control of monopolism, pricing policies of agricultural and industrial output, procurement and public distribution system, budgetary and monetary trends in Indian economy, Reserve Bank Of India and monetary policy. Trends in foreign trade and balance of payments. Indian federal finance, tax structure in India, fiscal policy, monetary policy, planning in India-objectives, strategy, experience and problems. (12) - bfrgkl 1234567- izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds lzksrA flU/kq ?kkVh lH;rk & mRifRr] izlkj] fo”ks’krk,a] ize[q k O;kikj rFkk laidZ] iru ds dkj.kA oSfnd lH;rk & jktuSfrd] lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd <kapk] izeq[k /kkfeZd&fopkj rFkk deZdk.MA tSu /keZ] ckS)/keZ rFkk vU; lEiznk;A ekS;Z ;qx] lkezkT; foLrkj] iz”kklu] lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd n”kk] v”kksd dh uhfr rFkk lq/kkjA Hkkjr & ;wuku fot;] laLFkkiu rFkk iruA xqIr ;qx] jktuSfrd rFkk lakLd`frd igywA 8910- 1112131415- 1617- 1819202122- 2324- 252627- 282930313233343536373839404142- pkyqD;] iYyo rFkk o/kZu lkezkT;A jktirw jkT;ksa dk vH;nq;] mRifRr] jktuhfrd Lo:i ,oa laLd`frA fnYyh ds lqYrkukas ds v/khu Hkkjr & egewn xtuoh ds vkØe.kkas ds le; Hkkjrh; lekt] eksgEen fcu & rqxyd rFkk Qhjkst ds v/khu jkT; dh jkT; uhfr rFkk iz”kklfud fl)kUrkas dk uohu vuqLFkkiu] yksnh oa”kA lYrur ds nkSjku lakLd`frd fodkl & HkfDr vkanksyu] lwQhokn] dyk] okLrqdyk] lkfgR; rFkk lektA fot;uxj rFkk cgeuh lkezkT; & jktuhfrd Lo:i ,oa laLd`frA 1526 eas Hkkjr dk Lo:i rFkk ckcj dk vkØe.kA ckcj] gqek;wa rFkk “ksj”kkg dh miyfC/k;kaA vdcj ds v/khu jk’Vªh; jktra=&jktra= dh uohu vo/kkj.kk] vdcj dk /kkfeZd] jktuhfrd n`f’Vdks.k] xSj eqlyekukas ls mlds lEcU/k rFkk iz”kklfud dk;ZA tgkaxhj rFkk 'kkgtgka dk ;qxA vkSjaxtsc ds v/khu eqxy lkezkT; dk pjeksRd’kZ rFkk fo?kVu & vkSjaxtsc dh /kkfeZd uhfr] nf{k.k eas eqxy lkezkT; dk foLrkj] vkSjaxtsc ds fo:) fonzksg] ejkBkas ls laca/k] lkezkT; dk fo?kVuA eqxy iz”kkluA eqxy ckn”kkgkas ds v/khu dyk] okLrqdyk rFkk lektA nD[ku ¼Msdu½ rFkk caxky eas fczfV”k “kfDr dk mn; & vaxst z & Qzkalhlh la?k’kZ] caxky ds uokckas ds lkFk lac/a kA vaxzst & ejkBk laca/k 1772 bZ- ls 1818 rdA osystyh] ykMZ gsfLVaXl] fofy;e cSfUVd rFkk MygkSth ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ eas 1798 ls 1856 rd fczfV”k jkT; dk foLrkj rFkk lqn<` h+ dj.kA 1857 dk fonzksg dkj.k] Lo:i rFkk ifj.kkeA rkt ds v/khu ubZ fczfV”k uhfr dh eq[; fo”ks’krk;as&lkezkKh dh ?kks’k.kk] es;ks ds lq/kkj] fjiu ds v/khu fczfV”k mnkjokn] dtZu ds lq/kkjA lkekftd & /kkfeZd vkUnksyu & czEgkz lekt] izkFkZuk lekt] vk;Z lekt] fFk;kslkWfQdy lkslkbVh] jked`’.k fe”ku vkfnA fczfV”k vkfFkZd uhfr;ka & O;kikj] m|ksx rFkk d`f’kA Hkkjrh; jk’Vªh; vkanksyu & mRifRr] Hkkjrh; jk’Vªh; dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk] vkUnksyu ds fofHkUu pj.k] izkjafHkd dky ¼1885 &1919½] xka/kh dk ;xq ¼1919&1939½ Lor=ark lax kze dh rhozh dj.k ¼1939&1947½ vk/kqfud Hkkjr ds fuekZrk & jktk jkeeksgu jk;] jked`’.k] n;kuan ljLorh] foosdkuUn] fryd] xks[kys] xka/kh rFkk usg:A Hkkjr dk lao/S kkfud fodkl 1858] 1892] 1909] 1919 rFkk 1935 ds vf/kfu;eA vkS|ksfxd Økafr vkSj bldk ;wjksi ij izHkkoA vesfjdk dk Lora=rk laxkz eA Qzkalhlh Økafr rFkk usiksfy;u ;qx ¼1789&1815½ fo”o bfrgkl eas bldk egRoA bVyh dk ,dhdj.kA teZuh dk ,dhdj.kA fczfV”k mnkjoknA ¼1830&1910½ vesfjdk x`g ;q)A 19 oha rFkk 20 oha “krkfCn;kas eas fudV iwoZ dh leL;kA ;wjksi rFkk lqnjw iwoZ ¼1840&1911½ izFke fo”o ;q)A olkZ; dh lfU/k rFkk yhx vkQ us”kUl ¼jk’Vªla?k½A 1917 dh :lh Økafr rFkk mldk fo”oO;kih izHkkoA nks fo”o ;q)kas ds chp teZuh] bVyh vkSj tkiku eas vf/kuk;doknh “kklu dk mn;A Øe'k% ( 11 ) 43444546- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. b.Mksufs ”k;k] phu rFkk fgUn & phu ¼bUMks&pk;uk½ eas jk’Vªoknh vkUnksyukas dk vH;qn;A phu eas lkE;okn dk mn; rFkk mldh LFkkiukA vjc fo”o eas tkx`fr&Lora=rk ds fy;s la?k’kZ rFkk feL= eas lq/kkj] vk/kqfud rqdhZ dk mn;A f}rh; fo”o ;q) rFkk mldk izHkkoA (12) - HISTORY Sources of Ancient Indian History: Indus valley civilisation-origin, extent, Characteristic, features, main trade and contacts, causes of decline. Vedic civilisation – political, social and economic patterns, major religious ideas and rituals. Jainism, Buddhism and other sects. The age of the Mauryas- extent of administration, social and economic conditions. Ashoka’s policy and reforms. The Indo-Greek conquests, consolidation and decline. The Gupta age: political and cultural aspects. Chalukya, Pallava and the Vardhan Empires. Emergence of the Rajput states-origin, polity and culture. India under the Sultans of Delhi: Indian society on the eve of Mahamud, Ghazni’s invasions, Establishment of State politics and administrative principles under Mohammad bin Tughlaq and Firoz. The Lodis. Cultural development during the Sultanate- Bhakti Movement, Sufism, art & architecture, literature and the society. The Vijaynagar and the Bahamani Empires: Polity and culture. Profile of India in 1526 and Babar’s invasion. Achievements of Babar, Humayun and Shershah Suri. National Monarchy under Akbar : New concept of monarchy. Akbar’s religio-political out-look, his relations with the nonMuslims and administrative measures. Age of Jahangir and Shahjahan. Climax and disintegration of the Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb : Aurangzeb’s religious policy, expansion of the Mughal Empire in Deccan, revolts against Aurangzeb, relations with the Marathas, disintegration of the Empire. Mughal Administration. Art, architecture and society under the Mughal Emperors. Rise of the British power in Deccan and Bengal; Anglo- French struggle, relations with the Nawabs of Bengal. Anglo-Maratha relations: 1772 A.D. to 1818 A.D. The expansion and consolidation of British rule from 1789 to 1856: With special reference to Wellesley, Lord Hastings, William Bentinck and Dalhousie. Revolt of 1857: Causes, nature and consequences. Salient features of the new British policy under the Crown, Queen’s Proclamation. Mayo’s reforms, British liberalism under Ripon, Curzon’s reforms. Socio-religious Movements- Brahma Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Arya Samaj, Theosophical Society, Ram Krishna Mission etc. British economic policies: Trade, industry and agriculture. Indian National Movement-Genesis, establishment of the Indian National Congress, different phases of the Movement (1885-1919), 1919-1939 (Gandhian Phases) Intensification of the freedom struggle (1939-1947) . Builders of Modern India: Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Rama Krishna, Dayanand Saraswati, Vivekanand, Tilak, Gokhale, Gandhi and Nehru. Indian constitutional developments- Acts of 1858, 1892, 1909, 1919 and 1935 . Industrial Revolution and its impact on Europe. American war of Independence. The French Revolution and Napoleon Era (1789-1815). Its significance in world history. The unification of Italy. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. The unification of Germany. British Liberalism (1830-1910). The American Civil War. The Near East problem in the 19th and 20th centuries. Europe and the far East (1840-1911)The First World War. The peace of Paris and the League of Nations. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and its world impact. Growth of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan between the two World Wars. Rise of Nationalist Movements in Indonesia, China and IndoChina. Rise and establishment of Communism in China. Awakening in the Arab World-struggle for freedom and reform in Egypt, Emergence of Modern Turkey. Second World War and its impact. (13) - ouLifr'kkL= 1- 2- 3- dksf'kdk tho foKku& izksdSfjvksfVd vkSj ;wdSfjvkfVd dksf”kdk] xq.klw= dh lajpuk] fofHkUu dksf”kdkaxksa dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Z] lelw=h ,oa v)Zlw=h dksf”kdk foHkktuA vkf.od tho foKku& ukfHkdh; vEyksa dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Z] izksVhu dk la”ys"k.kA vuqokaf”kdh& es.MsfyTe] lgyXurk] thu fofue; ,oa xq.klw= ekufp=] ukWu es.Msfyvu vuqikr] dksf”kdk nzfC;; oa”kkxfr] ek=kRed oa'kkxfr] thu dh vo/kkj.kk] mRifjorZu] thukes dk fu;a=.k] thok.kq ,oa fo’kk.kq dh vuqokaf”kdhA fodkl&fodklokn dk Dykfldy fl)kUr ,oa mudh vk/kqfud vo/kkj.kk ikni czhfMax& ikni czhfMax ds fl)kar] jksx izfrjks/kdrk ds fy, czhfMx] izkjafHkd tSo lkaf[;dh tSo jlk;u& izksfVu] dkscksZgkbMsªV] fyfiM] ,sUtkbe] ,oa foVkfeu dh lajpuk ,oa ikS/kksa ds thou esa budh Hkwfedk] ikni “kjhj fØ;k foKku& ikni dksf”kdk esa ty laca/k ¼okVj fjys”ku½ ty ,oa [kfut dk vo”kks"k.k] dkcZfud ,oa vdkcZfud inkFkksaZ dk LFkkukarj.k] ikS/kksa esa [kfut iks’k.k] jU/kz ds [kqyus vkSj can gksus dh fØ;kfof/k] izdk”k la”ys"k.k] “olu] ukbVªkt s u esVksckfyTe] o`f) ,oa iknixfr] LVªl s fQftvksykWWth] ck;ksfjn~e] izfrok’iksRltZd QksVksekWj&Qkstus sfll ,oa ousZykbts”ku] mRrd lao/kZu ,oa blds vuqiz;ksxA lw{e thofoKku& lw{e thokas dk oxhZdj.k] m|ksxkas eas lw{e tho] vif”k’V ty ds fuLrkj.k eas ¼lhost ds fMliksty½ eas lw{e tho] ikS/ks vkSj ekuokas eas lw{ethoksas }kjk mRiUu chekfj;ka] thok.kq] fo’kk.kq ,oa ykbdsu dk foLr`r v/;;u] iknd tSo izkS|ksfxdh fuEuoxZ ds ikS/kkas dk v/;;u& oxhZdj.k] lajpuk dk foLrkj tuu ,oa eq[; lewgksa ds e/; vUrZ laca/kA “kSoky& fQf”p;yk] dksfyvksdhV] mMksxksfu;e] ,flVkcqykfj;k] dkjk] okmdsfj;k] Dyksjy s k] lkjxkle] fMfDVvksVk] cSVªd s ksLieZe] ikWyhlkbQksfuvk] feDlksQkblh] dk lkekU; fooj.k dod& lSikz sfyfXu;k ik;fFk;e] Qk;VksIFkksjk] ,sYC;wxks] iSjsuksLiksjk] E;wdj] lSdsjksekbfll] izksVksekbfll] ,Lijftyl iSfuflfyve] DysfolsIl] U;wjksLiksjk] iStkbtk] eksj”ksYyk] idflfuvk] vfLVySxks] esyekIlksjk] vkWYVjusfjvk] ldkZLs iksjk] gsVsjksFkSfyTe] iSjklSDpq,fyVh] iks"k.k fof/k] dkf;d fof”k’Vªhdj.kA ck;ksQkbVk& LiksjksQkbV dk foLrkj ,o a o/khZ iztuuA VsfjMksQkbVk& LVhyj ra=] Vhykse fl)kar] xSehVksQkbV] QkWflyVsfjMksQkbV] lkbyks Q kbVk] ykbdks i ks f Mve] vkblks b Vhl] bDohlhVe] vkWfQvksXyksle] vksleq.Mk] ekflfZy;kA fteuksLieZ& cht dh mRifRr] Øe'k% ( 12 ) 4- 5- I. II . III. IV. ykbftuksiVsfjl] dSVksfuvk] lkbdl] fofyve&lksfuvk] ftUxks] ikbul] ,fQMªkA ,aasftvksLieZ ikniksa dk v/;;u % fofHkUu oxhZdj.k iz.kkfy;ka ,oa mlds vk/kkj] vkbZ]lh-ch-,u] fuEu dqyksa dk v/;;u& eksjl s h] fufEQ,lh] jSuudqyl s h] ,suksul s h] ysX;qfeukslh ¼QScslh½] :Vslh] ehfy,lh] ekYoslh] dSDVslh] feVsZlh] vEcsfyQsjh] ,sikslkbuslh] ,sLDysfi,Mslh] dkUoksYoqyl s h] ySfc,Vh] lksyus l s h] LdzksQqyfs j,lh] fcXuksfu,,lh] ,sdsUFkslh] :fc;lh] dqdjfcVslh] dkW EiksftVh] ,sfyLesVslh] xzsfeuh] ikseh] E;wlslh] vkWfdZMl s hA ,sfUtvksLieZ dh ,sfEczvksykWth ,oa ,sukVkWeh] fV”kwdYpj ,sftvksLieZ dk mn~xe ,oa fodkl] okuLifrd m|ku ,oa ikniky;] LVsesu ,oa dkjisy dh vkdkfjdhA vkfFkZd vkSj bFkukscs kWVuh % Hkkjr esa bFkuksckWVuh] HkSf’kthd egRo ds ikni] js”ks] bekjrh ydMh] rsy iznku djus okys ,oa [kk|kUu iznku djus okys ikniA ikni ifjfLFkfrdh %& ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Z] iznw"k.k ifjfLFkfrdh] izkd`frd laink dk laj{k.k] ikniHkwxksy ds I. fl)kUr] Hkkjr dh ouLifr;kas ds izdkj] (13) - BOTANY Cell Biology :- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell; structure of chromosome; structure and functions of various cell organelles; Mitotic and Meiotic division; Molecular Biology :- Structure and functions of nucleic acids; synthesis of protein. Genetics:- Mendelism, Linkage and crossing over, chromosomal mapping; Non Mendellian ratios; Cytoplasmic inheritance; Quantitative inheritance; concept of gene, mutation; Regulation of genome; bacterial and viral genetics. Evolution :- Classical theories of evolution and its modern synthesis Plant Breeding : Principles of plant breeding; Breeding for disease resistance; Elementary Bio-statistics. Biochemistry:- Structure of protein carbohydrate, lipid, enzymes and vitamins, their role in plant life. Plant Physiology :Water relations of a plant cell; Absorption of water and minerals; translocation of organic and inorganic materials; Mineral nutrition in plants; mechanism of stomata opening and closing, Photosynthesis, Respiration; Nitrogen Metabolism; Growth and movements; stress physiology, Biorhythms Anti-transpirants ; Photomorphogenesis and Vernalization; tissue culture and its application. Microbiology:- Classification of microorganisms; Microorganisms in industry; Microorganisms in sewage disposal; Plant and human diseases caused by micro-organisms; Detailed study of Bacteria, Viruses and Lichens; Plant Biotechnology. Study of Lower Plants :- classificat ion, range of structure and reproduction in the following forms with interrelationships in principle groups. Algae: Fritschiella, Coleochaete, Oedogonium, Acetabularia, Chara, vaucheria, Chlorella, Sargassum, Dictyota, Batrachospermum Polysiphonia. General Account of Myxophyceae. Fungi :- Saprolegnia, Pythium, Phytophthora, Albugo, Peronospora, Mucor, Saccharomyces, Protomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Claviceps, Neurospora, Peziza, Morchella, Puccinia, Ustilago, Melampsora Alternaria, Cercospora, Heterothallism, parasexuality, mode of nutrition, Physiological specilization. Bryophytes- range of sporophyte, vegetative propagation. Pteridophytes- Stelar organization, Telome theory, Gametophytes, Fossil Pteridophytes, Psilophyta, Lycopodium, lsoetes, Equisetum, Ophioglossum, Osmunda, Marsilea Gymnosperms- Origin of seed, Lyginopteris, Caytonia, Cycas, Williamsonia, Ginkgo, Pinus, Ephedra. Study of Angiospermic Plants :- Criteria and various systems of classification, ICBN, Study of following families.. II. III. IV. V. VI. Moraceae, Nymphaeaceae, Ranunculaceae, Annonaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Rutaceae, Meliaceae Malvaceae, Cactaceae, Myrtaceae Umbelliferae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Convolvulaceae, Labiatae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, Acanthaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Compositae, Alismataceae, Gramineae, Palmae, Musasceae Orchidaceae, Anatomy and Embryology of Angiosperms. Tissue culture Origin and evolution of angiosperms, Botanical gardens and Herbaria Morphology of stamen and carpel. Economic and Ethnobotany :- Ethnobotany in India, Medicinal Plants, fibre, timber, oil-yielding and cereal plants. V Plant Ecology :- Ecosystem structure and function, Pollution ecology conservation of natural resources, Principles of phytogeography, Vegetation types of India. (14) - izk.kh'kkL= vd"ks:dh rFkk d"ks:dh izkf.k;ksa dk lkekU; v/;;u & isjkehf"k;e] IykTeksfM;e] fVªius kslksek rFkk lk;dku dh lajpuk] ifjo/kZu rFkk vkfFkZd egRo( lhysUVjsVk esa cgq:irk] dksjy jhQ rFkk ehlsUnzh( ekuo ls lacaf/kr gsyfeUFl ,oa fuesVksMl ~ ] vd"ks:dh;ksa dh ykjoy voLFkk,a] dhV] eksyLd] eRL;] i{kh rFkk Lrfu;kas dk vkfFZkd egRoA fo"kSys rFkk fo"k ghu liZ] liZ&na'k dh fdz;k fof/kA oVhZcszV izkf.k;ksa esa Ropk] gn~;] egk/keuh pki] ew= tuu ra=] efLr"d ,oa dikyh; raf=dkvksa dk rqyukRed vkdkfjdhA ofxZdh rFkk ekbuj Qkbyk & oxhZdj.k ds fl)kar] izkf.kdh; ukekadu] oxhZdj.k lewg] izk.kh lkezkT; ds oxhZdj.k dh :ijs[kk ¼x.k rd½] jksVhQsjk] cSzfd;ksiksMk] ,DVksikz sDVk] QksjksafuMk rFkk bdkb;wjksbfM;k dh lajpuk ,oa lgtkfrrkA isjktksvk] ehlkstksvk ,oa esVktksvk dh mRifRrA fodkl] dksf'kdk foKku] dksf'kdkvkuqoaf'kdh & thou ,oa tkfr;ksa dh mRifRr] fodkl ds izek.k rFkk fl)kar] thok'e] ?kksMs+ rFkk euq"; dh tkfro`fRr] foyxu] fofo/krk rFkk vuqgj.k] eNfy;kssa rFkk LRkfu;ksa esa vuqdwfyr fofdj.k] HkkSxksfyd rFkk HkwoSKkfud forj.k] izk.kh dksf'kdk dh lajpuk( dksf'kdk dyk] dksf'kdk&nzO;] dsUnzd] ekbVksdksfUMª;k] xksYxhdk;] ykblkslkse] jkbckslkse] xq.klw= dh lajpuk rFkk dk;Z] Mh-,u-,- rFkk vkj-,u-,- dh laujpuk rFkk oa'kkuqØe eas ;ksxnku] lgyXurk rFkk thu&fofue;] fyax fu/kkZj.k] dksf'kdk nzO; oa'kkuqØe] lqtudh] ddZ jksx dk dksf'kdk foKku rFkk lkekU; ifjp;A dkf;Zdh & dksf'kdk dkf;Zdh ds rRo] ,UtkbEl rFkk foVkfeUl] ikpu] 'olu rFkk mRltZu dh dkf;Zdh] leLFkkiu] rki ,oa ijklj.k fu;eu] :f/kj lajpuk] FkDdk teuk rFkk :f/kj lewg] raf=dk vkosx pyu o is'kh; ladp q u ds fla)kUr] vUr%L=koh xafz Fk;ksa dh ewy vo/kkj.kk;saA ifjfLFkfrdh ,oa izk.kh O;ogkj & i;kZoj.k] vthoh; rFkk thoh; dkjd] vyo.kh; ty] leqnhz rFkk LFkyh; ifjfLFkfrdh ra=] ifjfLFkfrdh ra= eaas ÅtkZ izokg] [kkn~; J`a[kyk] [kkn~; tky] lef"V ifjfLFkfrdh] ok;q] ty rFkk /ofu izn"w k.k] yfuZx rFkk LVhfj;ks& a Vkbi O;ogkj] e/kqeD[kh rFkk izkbesVl ~ esa lkekftd O;ogkj] rdZ rFkk lapkj] Hkkjr ds ou&izk.kh] rFkk mudk laj{k.k ,oa izca/ku] e:LFky] ok;oh;] tyh;] LFkyh; vuqdy w uA Hkzwf.kdh] lkekU; izkf.kdh ,oa tho lkaf[;dh & vaMks ds izdkj] Hkz.w kh; dykvkas dk fodkl] esVkekQksfZ ll ds fofHkUu izdkj] IyklsUVs'ku] js'ke m|ksx rFkk e/kqeD[kh ikyuA vkadM+kas dk laxzg] vko`fRr forj.k rFkk mudk izLrqfrdj.k] xzkQ] ckj&fp=] fgLVksxzke] js[kk&fp= rFkk vko`fRr&oØ] ehu] ehfM;u] eksM rFkk LVs.MMZ Msoh,'ku] dkbZ&oxZ (x2) VsLVA Øe'k% ( 13 ) I. II. III. IV. V. VI. ¼iv½ vknzZrk rFkk o’kkZ % vknzZrk] o’kkZ ds izdkj rFkk fo”o (14) - ZOOLOGY General study of non-chordate and chordates :- Structure, forj.kA development and economic importance of Paramecium, Plas¼v½ tyok;q oxhZdj.k % FkkuZFosV rFkk dksisuA modium Trypanosoma and Sycon; Polymorphism, coral reefs 3leq nz foKku & mesenteries in coelenterates; Helminthes and nematodes in ¼i½ leq n z ryh ds mPpkop Lo:i] egk}hih; eXu rV] relation to man, larval forms in invertebrates, Economic importance of insects, molluscs, fish , birds and mammals. Poiegklkxjh; xrZ rFkk [kkbZ;ksa dh mRifRr lcaa/kh vo/kkj.kkA sonous and non poisonous snakes, biting mechanism, compara¼ii½ egklkxj dk rkieku rFkk [kkjkiu % egklkxjksa ds [kkjsiu tive anatomy of skin, heart, aortic arches, urinogenital system, ds dkj.kA brain and cranial nerves in vertebrates. ¼iii½ egklkxjh; fu{ksi % fu{ksiksa ds izdkj] forj.k rFkk mudk Taxonomy and minor Phyla :- Theories of classification, Zoojklk;fud lajpuk] fu{ksi dk lzksrA logical nomenclature, taxonomical categories; outline classification of animal kingdom upto orders, structure and aff init ies ¼iv½ izoky fHkfRr;kW % izoky fHkfRr&mudh mRifRr ds fl)kar] of Rotifera, Brachiopoda,Ectoprocta, Phoronida and fo”o dh egRoiw.kZZ izoky fHkfRr;kWA Echiuroidea, origin of parazoa, mesozoa and metazoa. ¼v½ egklkxj v/;;u dk fodkl] egklkxjksa dk vkfFkZd Evolution, Cytology and cytogenetics :- Origin of life and jktuS f rd rFkk dwVuhfrd egRoA origin of species, Evidences and theories of evolution; fossils, 4HkkSxksfyd fopkj /kkjkvksa dk fodkl % phylogeny of horse and man, lsolation, Variation and mimicry; Adaptative radiation in fishes and mammals, Geological and fu”p;okn] lHakookn] uofu”p;okn] 20 oha “krkCnh esa Hkkjr esa Zoogeographical distribution, structure of animal cell; strucHkwxksy dk fodklA ture and functions of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, Nucleus, 5ekuo Hkwxksy % Mitochondria, Golgibodies, Lysosomes, Ribosomes, Chromo¼i½ iztkfr vkSj fo”o esa mudk forj.kA somes; structure and functions, structure of DNA and RNA and their role in inheritance, linkage and crossing over, Sex deter¼ii½ tul[a;k% fo”o eas tula[;k o`f)] ?kuRo rFkk forj.k] mination, cytoplasmic inheritance, Eugenics, introduction to fo'otula[;k dh leL;k,W rFkk muds funkuA cancer cytology. 6jktuhfrd Hkwxksy % Physiology :- Elements of cell physiology; enzymes and vitajktuhfrd Hkwxksy rFkk Hkw& jktuhfr] lhekUr {ks= rFkk lhek,W] mins, physiology of digestion, respiration and excretion, HofgUn egklkxj rFkk fo”o jktuhfrA meostasis, thermo and osmoregulation, blood structure, coagulation, blood groups, theories of nerve conduction and muscles 7vkfFkZd Hkwxksy % contraction, Basic concepts of endocrine glands. ¼i½ d`f"k % d`f’k ds izdkj] izeq[k [kk|kUu vkSj okf.kfT;d Qlysa Ecology and Animal Behaviour :- Environment, abiotic, birFkk mudk fo”o forj.kA otic, factors; fresh water, marine, terrestrial ecosystem, energy ¼ii½ [kfut lalk/ku % ykSg v;Ld] eSxauht] rkWck] lksuk] fVu flow in ecosystem, food chain, food web, population ecology, rFkk ckDlkbV dk fo”o esa mRiknu rFkk forj.kA air, water and noise pollution, learning and stereotyped behavior, social behavior in Honey bee and primates, reasoning and ¼iii½ ÅtkZ lzksr % dks;yk] isVªksy rFkk ty fo|qr dk fo”o esa communication, wild life in India, its conservation and manforj.kA agement, desert, volant, aquatic & terrestrial adaptations. ¼iv½ m|ksx % mRrjh vesfjdk eas yksgk rFkk bLikr] oL=ks|ksx] Embryology, General Zoology & Biostatistics:- Types of dkxt rFkk tgkt fuek.kZ m|ksxA eggs, development of fetal membranes, various types of metamorphosis, Placentation. Sericulture, Apiculture, Collection of Hkkx & nks data, Frequency distribution and its presentation, Graphs, bar ¼Hkkjr dk Hkwwxksy NRrhlx<+ ds fo'kss"k laanHkZ esa½ diagrams, Histograms, line diagrams and frequency curves, HkkS f rd igyw %& Mean, Median mode and standard deviation, Chi-square (x2) Hkkjrh; miegk}hi dk HkwxfHkZd bfrgkl] izkd`frd foHkkx rFkk test. (15) - Hkwxksy Hkkx & ,d 1Hkw & vkd`fr foKku ¼i½ i`Foh dh mRifRr % i`Foh dh mRifRr laca/kh fl)kUrA ¼ii½ Hkwi’` B % pV~Vkukas dh mRifRr muds izdkj] i`Foh dh vkrafjd lajpuk] vukPNknu ds dkj.k] vijnu pdz] fgeun] iou] leqnhz ty rFkk dkLVZ }kjk fufeZr LFkykd`fr;kW] HkwdEi Tokykeq[kh rFkk mudk fo”o forj.kA 2tyok;q foKku ¼i½ ok;q eaMy % ok;q eaMy dh lajpuk rFkk mldk laxBu] ok;q eMayh; ijrksa dk Å/okZ/kj forj.k rFkk mudh fo”ks’krk,W ¼ii½ rkieku % i`Foh ij lw;Z rki dk {kSfrt forj.k] lerki js[kk,WA ¼iii½ ok;qnkc rFkk iou & i`Foh ij ok;qnkc isfV;kW] ioukas ds izdkj o mudk forj.k] LFkkuh; iou] pdzokr rFkk izfr pdzokr] pØokr mRifRr dh ladYiuk] okrkxz] rfM+r >a>k vkSj ok;q jkf”k;kW- izokg iz.kkyhA tyok;q & Hkkjrh; ekulwu dh mRifRr rFkk mlds dkj.k] o’kkZ dk forj.k] ck<+xzLr rFkk lw[kkxzLr {ks=A feV~V~ h rFkk izkd`frd ouLifr & feV~Vh ds izdkj rFkk mudk forj.k] oukas ds izdkj rFkk mudk forj.k ekuoh; igyww %& Hkkjr dh ize[q k tutkfr;kaA d`f"k & izeq[k Qly]as gfjr ØkfUr] Hkwfe lq/kkj uhfr] Qly izfr:i] fefJr d`f"k dk fodkl] flapkbZ ds fofo/k lk/ku rFkk mudk egRo] Hkwty izca/kA m|ksx & vkS|ksfxd fodkl dk bfrgkl] [kfut vk/kkfjr] d`f’k vk/kkfjr rFkk ouksa ij vk/kkfjr m|ksx dk v/;;u] Hkkjr ds vkS|ksfxd izn”s kA {ks=h; fodkl rFkk fu;kstu & {ks=h; folaxfr;kW] ioZrh; rFkk vkfnoklh {ks=ksa dk fu;kstu] cgqLrjh; fu;kstu rFkk unh ?kkVh fodklA (15) - GEOGRAPHY Part - 1 Øe'k% ( 14 ) 1. Geomorphology (i) Origin of the Earth - Theories regarding origin of the earth. (ii) Earth’s Crust - Origin of rocks. their types, Interior of the Earth, Agents of Denudation, Cycle of erosion, Glacial, Arid, Marine and Karst topography, Earth quakes, Volcanoes and their distribution in the world. 2. Climatology : (i) Atmosphere : Structure and Compositon of atmosphere. Vertical distribution of Atomospheric layers and their characteristics. (ii) Temperature : Horizontal distribution of Temperature over the globe, Isotherms. (iii) Pressure and wind : Pressure belts of the globe, Types of winds and their distributions. Local winds, Cyclone and anticyclones, Concept regarding Origin of cyclones, Fronts, Thunder storms and Air masses. (iv) Humidity and Precipitation : Humidity, types of precipitation, Distribution over the globe. (v) Climatic Classification : Thornthwaite and Koppen. 3. Oceonography : (i) Relief features of ocean floors, Concepts regarding origin of continental shelf, oceanic deeps, oceanic canyons. (ii) Temperature and salinity of oceans, Causes of salinity of ocean water. (iii) Marine deposits : Types of deposits, distribution and their chemical composition, sources of deposits (iv) Coral Reefs : Coral reefs - concepts of their origin, important corel reefs of the world. (v) Development of study of oceanography, Economic, Political and Strategic significance of oceans. 4. Development of Geographical Thought Determinism, Possibilism, Neo- determinism, Development of geography in India in the 20th Century. 5. Human Geography (i) Races of mankind and their world distribution. (ii) Population : Growth, density and distribution in the world, problems of the world population and solutions 6. Political Geography : Political Geography and Geopolitics, Frontiers and boundaries, Indian ocean and world politics. 7. Economic Geography (i) Agriculture : Types of agriculture, Major food and commercial crops and their world distribution. (ii) Mineral Resources : World Production and distribution of Iron-Ore, Manganese, Copper, Gold, Tin and Bauxite. (iii) Power Resources : World distribution of Coal,Petroleum and Hydroelectricity (iv) Industries : Iron and Steel , textile, paper and ship building industries of North America, Part - 2 (Geography of India with special reference to Chhattisgarh) Physical Aspects Geological history of Indian, sub-continent, physiographic divisions and drainage systems. Climate - Origin and mechanism of Indian monsoon, distribution of rain-fall, flood prone and drought prone areas. Soil and Natural Vegetation - Soil types and their distribution, forest types and their distribution. Human Aspects Major tribes of India. Agriculture - Major crops, green revolution; land reform policy, crop patterns, development of mixed farming, different means of irrigation and their significance, ground water management. Industry - History of industrial development, study of mineralbased, agro-based and forest based industries, Industrial regions of India. Regional Development and Planning - Regional disparities; planning for hill and tribal areas; multi-level planning and river basin development. (16) - lekt'kkL= lekt'kkL=h; fl)kUrkas dh izd`fr & lekt'kkL=h; fl)kUrkas ds fofHkUu Lrj ,oa muds o vuqla/kku ¼'kks/k½ ds e/; lac/a kA lajpuk & lkekftd lajpuk ds lanHkZ eas lajpukRed izdk;Zokn ¼,vkj jsMfDyQ czkmu½&Hkwfedk fo'ys"k.k dh leL;k ¼,l-,Q- usMy½ lkekftd O;oLFkk ds izdk;kZRed ekin.M ¼Vh ikjlUl½ izdk;kZRed fo'ys"k.k dk oxhZdj.k] vkykspuk,¡] iqujZpuk ¼vkj-ds eVZu½ uo izdk;Zokn&ts- vysDtsUMjA la?k"kZ & fl)kUr & ekDlZ dh vkykspuk ,oa }a}kRed la?k"kZ ¼vk,MguZ MkQZ½ la?k"kZ dk izdk;kZRed fo'ys"k.k ¼,y- Økstj+ ½ la?k"kZ ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu & ¼vkj-dksfyUl½A uoekDlZokn&la jpukRed ekDlZokn ¼,y- ,yF;wt+j½ fØ;k fl)kUr&ijsVks eSDl csoj] ikjlUlA ifjlaokn okn & mn~n's ;] lakdsfrd ifjlaokn okn ¼th-,p- ehM ,oa ,p- Cywej½ izkd?kVukRed fØ;k foKku dk lekt'kkL= ¼,';wt+½ lkekftd lajpuk dh okLrfodrk ¼ih-ctZ+j ,oa Vh-thY;qdeSu½ u`tkfr foKku 'kkL= ¼,p-xjfQzdy½ rkRdkyhu fopkjksa dh lkekftd fl)kUrkas dh uo/kkj.kk,W&,sFa kksuhfxÏu] gsfcVl ,oa QhYM&¼cksjM;w½&i'pvk/kqfudokn&¼QksdkYM ,oa cksfVªykMZ½A Hkkjrfo|k@fo;;d&¼th-,l-?kwfj;s½&Hkkjrh; lekt ds lanHkZ eas & vo/kkj.kk,W] fo'ks"krk,W rkRdkfyd&lajpuk ds ¼lanHkZ eas½] /keZ o.kZ] vkJe deZ] _.k ,oa iq:"kkFkZA n`f"Vdks.k dh jpuk ¼bjkorh dosZ ,oa ds-,u- dkifM+;k½ usVodZ dk fuekZ.k ,oa laidksZ dh LFkkiuk ,oa dj.k] lewg ,oa leqnk; ifjokj] fookg ,oa cU/kqRo ¼ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk½ ra= dk v/;;u] Hkkjrh; lkekftd laxBuA lajpukRed izdk;Zokn & ¼,e-,u- Jhfuookl] ,l-lh-nqc½s Hkkjrh; lekt ds dsUnz ds :i eas xzke lkekftd inkuqØe ¼laLrj.k½] tkfrO;oLFkk ¼Hkkjrh; lanHkZ eas tkfr ,oa oxZ O;oLFkk½ lH;rkRed n`f"Vdks.k & ,u-ds- cksl] laLd`fr dh ek=kRed iSekuk] /kkfeZd] laLFkkxr ,oa Hkk"kkxr] Hkkjr eas fofo/krk] ijEijk ,oa vk/kqfudrk] Hkwr ,oa orZeku laLFkkvkas dh fujarjrk ds ifjizs{; easA xkS.k ifjizs{; & ch-vkj- vEcsMdj] fof'k"V] fiNM+k oxZ] vYila[;d ,oa vkfnoklh lewg vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa tutkfr dh leL;k,¡W] Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa fo/kk;h] tkfr O;oLFkk] vLi`';rk] lEiznk;okn] {ks=okn ,oa jk"Vªh; ,drkA foKku dk v/;;u vkSj bldk egRo rFkk lekt ,oa foKku esa laca/k] lkekftd ra= ds :i eas foKku] foKku ds ekud izfreku rFkk foKku ,oa rduhd ds e/; lac/a kA vk/kqfud foKku dk bfrgkl Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa & mifuos'kh; Loar=rk] Loar=rk i'pkr dk foKku] foKku vkSj rduhd dh izd`fr Hkkjr eas bldh f'k{kk ,oa xq.koRrk Hkkjr eas 'kq) cuke O;ogkfjd foKku] Hkkjrh; lkekftd lajpuk ,oa foKku] Hkkjrh; oSKkfudkas dh lkekftd i`‘BHkwfe czsuMªsu ,oa czsuxsuA oSKkfud uhfr;k¡a & Hkkjrh; lnaHkZ eas oSKkfud ,oa lkekftd laxBu% oSKkfud iz;ksx'kkyk,¡ ,oa rduhd ds fodkl eas mudk ;ksxnkuA ledkyhu Hkkjr esa oSKkfud f'k{kk % izkFkfed Lrj ls vuqla/kku Lrj rd] rduhdh fodkl esa fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh Hkwfedk] fo'ofo|ky; vkSj m|ksxkas ds e/; varlZac/a kA oS'ohdj.k ,oa mnkjhdj.k dk Hkkjrh; foKku ,oa rduhd ij izHkko] fo'o O;kikj laxBu ¼MCY;w-Vh-vks-½ ,oa ckSf)d vf/kdkj ls tqM+s eqn~n]s cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka vkSj Hkkjrh; m|ksx ¼,e-,u-lh-½ ,oa Øe'k% ( 15 ) jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij foKku ,oa rduhd dk jktuSfrd vFkZO;oLFkk ij izHkkoA (16) - SOCIOLOGY Nature of Sociological theory - Levels of theorisation in sociology-Relationship between theory and research. Structural-Functionalism, the idea of social structure : A.R. Radcliffe-Brown- the problems of role analysis, S.F. Nadel Functional dimensions of social system : T. Parsons - Codification.critique and reformulation of functional analysis : R.K. Merton - Neofunctionalism : J. Alexander. Conflict Theory : Marx critique and dialectics of conflict : R. Dahrendorf - Functional analysis of conflict, L. Coser-Conflict and social change : R Collins . Neo Marxism : Structuralism Marxism : L. Althusser : Action theory. Pareto. Max Weber and Parsons. Interactionist perspective : symbolic Interactionism : G.H. Mead and H. Blumer - Phenomenological Sociology : A Schutz Social Constructuon of reality : P Berger and T.G. Luckmann, Ethnomethodology : H. Garflinkel. Recent trends in sociological theorising : Structuration : Anthony Giddens - Habitus and field : Bourdieu - PostmodernismFocault and Botrilard. Indological/Textual (G.S.Ghure) Conceptulizing Indian Society in terms of certain characteristics and configuration Dharma Varna, Ashrama, Karma, Rin (Debt) and Purushartha. Synthesis of Textual and Field views (lrawati Karve, K.M. Kapadia) Linkage and Network building reasons group and community family, marriage, kinship system and Indian social organization. Structural functionalism (M.N. Srinivas, S.C. Dube) The village as a nucleus of Indian Society, Social Hierarchy, Caste System, Caste and class in contemporary India. Civilizational View (N.K. Bose) The scale of magnitude of Culture: religions, Institutional and Linguistic diversity in India, Tradition and modernity as a continuity between past and present institutions. Subaltern perspectives (B.R. Ambedkar) Elites, Backward classes, Minorities and Tribes, Problems of Schedule caste and Scheduled Tribe, Indian society and Legislation, Castism, Untouchability, communalism, Regionalism and National Integration. The study of Science-its importance, relationship between society and science and vice-versa. Science as a social system. Norms of science. Relationship between science and technology. History of modern science in India : colonial-independence and post-independence science, Nature of science and technology, education in India and its quality. Pure vs. Applied science in India. Indian social structure and science. Social background of Indian scientists. Brain drain and brain-gain. Science policy, social organization of science in India : Scientific laboratories and their contribution to the development of technology. Science education in contemporary India : primary level to research level, Performance of universities in the development of technology. Inter-relationship between industry and universities. Globalization and liberalization and their impact on Indian science and technology, WTO and issues related to intellectual property rights. MNCs and Indian industry, Political economy of science & technology at the national and international levels. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 17. 18. 19. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. (17) - TASAR TECHNOLOGY Morphology, Anatomy & Physiology Of Tasar Silkworm & Agronomy History of Non-Mulberry Sericulture. Outline classification of Non-Mulberry silkworm, their distribution in India and Other countries. General organisation and life-cycle of Antherea Mylitta, & Morphology & Anatomy of larva, pupa & moth. Structure of EGG, fertilization, Embryogenesis, Incubation & Hatching. Reproduction-structure of re-productive system, oogenesis, spermatogenesis, development & groth. MouIting and voltinism in tasar silkworm. Role of hormone in development & metamorphosis. silkglands, structure of silk glad, formation and biochemistry of silk. Rearing-rearing equipment, preparation for rearing environment condition for rearing of tasar silk work. Rearing of larae, young age and late age tasar silkworm. Disinfection and disinfectants. Spinning & harvesting of cocoon. Diseases of tasar silkworm-protozoan, viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Symptoms, Causative agents, preventive & control Measures. Primary food plants of Tasar silk worm (Terminalia arjuna, T.tomentosa, shora robusta ets.) and their culture methodes. Out line classification of primary & secondary food plants of tasarworm, their distribution in India. (with the special references to C.G. ) and other State. 16. Farm Management : selection of soil & preparation of land for tasar plant cultivation. Propagation of Tasar food plants-seedlings, saplings, Grafting, Layering. Harvesting of Leaf. Diseases of Non-mulberry food plants, Fungal, Bacterial, Viral, Def iciency, Insect pest, control method. Tasar Silkworm - Genetics And Breeding Moth Emergence : pairing, oviposition, moth examination. Incubation of Univoline, bivoltine and multivoltine eggs. Preparation of loose egges- Advantages of loose eggs, handling of loose eggs. Seed Technology : seed areas and importance of quality seed in tasar industry Seed cocoon : Harvesting of cocoon, gradation and selection consignment for processing. Storage & preservation of cocoon : Types of building, Methods of storing-problems, care in different season. Grainage: Definition, model grainage house, location, orientation and grainage equipment, condition required in grainage work. Hybridization- Interspecific & intra specific with special reference to tasar. its impact & future prospects. Breeding-methods and its application, qualitative and quantative improvement by breeding. Breeding of Tasar silk worm ; Aims, pre-requirements, varialibity selection for breeding. Inbreeding : Advantage and dis - Advantage, exaploitation of inbreeding of non-mulberry silk worms, general and specific combining. Selection : Methods of selection, criteria of selection, Individual and batch selection. Structure of typical animal cell, mitosis & meiosis, chromosome number of different Non-mulberry silkworm. Hereditary traits, in tasar silk worm- Egg, Larvae and pupae. Mutation: Type of mutation, spontaneous and induced, chemical mutagens, effect of radiation. Polyploidy : nature and induction of polyploidy. Genetics of larval and cocoon characters. Øe'k% ( 16 ) 18. 19. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Silk worm races: Univoltine, bivoltine and multivoltine races of different tasar silk worm. Maintenance of races and basic seed of different silk worm. Seed Technology And Reeling Spinning behaviour of non-mulberry cocoons. physical and commercial charactors of cocoons. Pierced cocoons : storage and disposal. Marketing of cocoons : price fixation according to silk content. Selection & transportation of cocoon for reeling. Economics of seed organisation : Equipment for preparation of economically viable unit of grainage, cocoon DFLS- ratio, manpower requirement. Organising a grainage, cost of preparation of DFLS. Maintenance of seed production: salaries, wages, establishment, charges, cold storing of eggs, sale of eggs, cost of chemical equipments, egg sheets, furniture, contingencies & miscellaneous expenditure. Protective measures in seed production. Silk Reeling : Introduction, evolution, Importance & Statistics of silk reeling. Position of reeling Industry in India and other silk producing countries. Raw materials for silk reeling - factor affecting the production of silk yarn, different varieties their characteristics. Reeling : object, detail study of yarn passage, raw silk yarn sige (denier) and importance. Physical, chemical & Microscopical Properties of tasar silk. Uses of tasar silk. different type of silk yarn & their characterstic and uses. Defference between mulberry and non-mulberry silk, Main problem of reeling of tasar silk. Silk testing & quality control : Testing of raw silk, Advantage of testing, silk conditioning and testing house winding test, seriplane and serigraph tests. cohesion and standardisation of raw silk. Reeling Machine: conventional charkha, Improved charkha, cottage basin/ filature basin, multiend silk reeling basin. Automatic & semi-automatic reeling machine, recent advances in reeling. Re-reeling & packing: object, importance of re-reeling yarn, distribution and skein formation, skein finishing, Raw silk hook making and building. Stifling : Definition, Various methods of stifling. Spinning, Dyeing & Printing Of Tasar Silk Spinning: principles of spinning, charkha spinning, hand spinning, spun silk mills, spun silk Industry. Silk throwing: Introduction, obhective of silk throwing preparation for twisting (Highlight twist-high twist & low Twist). Winding : object of winding, principle of winding, types and methods of winding. Silk processing: Degumming of silk, bleaching, dveing, finishing. Types of water used in processing. Process Involved in spun silk prepration : washing drying opening, filling, combing, drawing, rowing, spinning, doubling, gassing, cleaning, reeling. Introduction of Textile fibre, General properties, classification of textile fibre, physical and chemical properties of different fibrec (Tasar, Wool, cotton, polystor) Establishment of small reeling unit, efficiency, machinary management, production & econamics. By products of silk, pupa, different types pf silk waste. Traditional ghicha preparation of tasar silk, blending of tasar silk with other fibre and its problems. Noil and noil yarns. Bleaching: Introduction of bleaching, purpose of bleaching, bleaching of tasar silk, wool & cotton. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Dyeing: Introduction of dyeing of tasar silk, cotton and wool with different class of dystuffs normally used after their treatment. Printing : Introduction of printing, study of different methods and styles of printing. Printing of tasar silk & cotton by block method, with different group of colour normally used. Brief Idea of transfer and foam printing, thicking agents. Finishing: Introduction of finishing, classification of finishing, study of different type of temporary and permanent finishing of tasar silk and cotton. Textile Design, Fabric Structures & Weaving Different types of winding method. Loom: Definition of loom, types of loom, details about handlooms, parts of loom. simple Idea of motion of the loom. Study of power loom and handloom weaving. Preparation for tasar silk weaving, warp preparation, warping, beaming, drawing, denting, weft preparation. Textile Design : Preparation of design on natural, convention and obstract forms. Planning of design, placement, repeats, transferring designs, jaquard, patterns. Design selection based on different forms of layout in colour for saree border. Design development and its suitability. Traditional and tribal motifs of design. Fabric structure: Different types of fabrics and their uses, fabric defects and grading of silk fabrics. Fabric: classification and weave notations, plain weave its venio and ornamentation, rib & twill weave and their derivarives, satin and their darivatives. Study of coarse structure like whip cord and bodford cord pique wett and quilting fabrics, wadded structure. Tasar technology as a rural Industry, Employment potential. comparision with other cottage Industries. Tasar technology progress through five year plants, targets and achievements, future projections. Prospects and problems of tasar technology. Tasar culture: Its association with forest tribes. Role of women in tasar technology: women participation in farm and rearing management, silk reeling, twisting etc. Prospects of biotechnology to improve tasar silk productior Quality control in tasar silk weaving and its necessity. Tasar technology as a tool for rural development. Extension, Organization, Planning And Management Extension Education : Definition, meaning, origin and growth. Role of extension in rural development. Tasar Technology extension organization: organization at various level-development, research, training and policy at state and national levels. Tasar Technology service net work: B.S.F. seed area; grainages, nurseries, C.R.C. TSCS, Cocoon markets, silk exchange and cocoon certificacation centre, Farmer Training programme: Departmental training programme/ Demonstration, lectures, symposium, panel and forum as extension methods. field day and field trips. farmer fair. Mass contact methods: T.V., Radio. Farm publications, film shows, merit and limitations. The labour problems, problems of personnel management in tasar Industries. Survey: object. availability of land for plantation in an areas in a district. existence of tasar Industry in village. tahsil and district. Survey of weavers/ reelers enclave excluding their socio Econamics starus measures of drainge of rtadirional weavers/ reelers, step for its restration. Øe'k% ( 17 ) 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Soil Types: water availability, annual rainfall, socio Economic condition, agricultural crops, profitability, financing agencies, co-operative societies. Project: Infra struture availavility, its role, future programme. preparation of a project, use of survey report econamics, present condition. Planning: Fundamental requirement for planing. project formulation for establishment of small, medium and large scale tasar food plants forms. Budgeting in planning. Inter state tasar project programme, tribal development programme of govt. of India through tasar culture. Bank loan for tasar culture. Government Intervention: Legislation, Implication, Marketing Intitution, Marketing boards. Management: Definition, application and scope of farm management nature and characteristics of farm management, farm management problems. Marketing Management: Tasar Indusrties marketing & organization of seed. cocoon, raw silk fabric. Marketing costs: Defects, regulated markets, traditional and Non traditional markets, co-operative marketing, stabilisation of price. price fixation. (18) - SERICULTURE General Sericulture. History, geographical distribution of various species and economic races of silkworms. Systematic position and distribution of silkworms in India. Present status of sericulture industry in India. Morphology of various stages of mulberry silkworm. Morphology of various stages of non-mulberry silkworms. Problems and prospects of Sericulture in India. Silk gland complex in mulberry and nonmulberry silkworms. Morphological structure. Histological structure. Development. Biosynthesis of Silk Types of silk protein. Effect of exogenous and endogenous factors on silk synthesis Digestive, Circulatory, Excretory and Respiratory systems. Morphology and histology of digestive system and physiology of digestion. Morphology of excretory system and mechanism of excretion. Morphology of respiratory system and physiology of respiration. Reproductive system, Embryonic development, silkworm Growth and Metamorphosis. Male reproductive system in mulberry and non-mulberry silkworms. Female reproductive system in mulberry and non-mulberry silkworms. Mechanism of spermatogenesis and Oogenesis. Embryonic development. Silkworm growth and metamorphosis. Parthenogenesis. Neuroendocrine System. Structure of the cephalic neuroendocrine system - (a) Neurosecretory cells (b) Corpora cardiaca (c) Corpora allata (d) Ecdycial glands. Other endocrine components - Mid-gut endocrine cells, gonads, ventral ganglia. Types of hormones structure and functions. Hormonal control of moulting and metamorphosis. Hormonal control of reproduction. Exocrine glands and pheromones. Moriculture. Distribution. Morphology, Taxonomy and its varieties of mulberry; Morus alba Morus indica, Morus cerata. Anatomy of root, stem, leaf, flower and bud. Selection and preparation of land, climate and soil conditions. Propagation of mulberry, mulberry planting, manuring and irrigation. Inter-cultivation, weeding, pruning, harvesting and leaf storage. Arboriculture (Tropical and Temperate Tasar) Distribution. Taxonomy of host plants; Arjun, Sal, Oak. Morphology of host plants; Arjun, Sal, Oak. Climate, soil conditions and manuring. Propagation and cultivation. Intercultivation and pruning. Arboriculture (Eri) Distribution. Morphology of host plants; Castor (Ricinus communis), Kesseru (Heteropanax fragrans) Taxonomy of host plants; Castor (Ricinus communis), Kesseru (Heteropanax fragrans) Climate, soil conditions and manuring. Propagation and cultivation. Intercultivation and pruning. Physiology Mineral nutrition Photosynthesis Respiration Growth regulators Photoperiodism Transpiration. Pests and Diseases of Mulberry Silkworm. Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the incidence of diseases. Pests of silkworm, B. mori - Identification. Classification and life cycle of insects Pests - Tachinid fly (Uzifly), Dermestid beetles, Ants, Praying mantis, Earwig. Other invertebrate pests - Mites and Nematodes. Vertebrate Pests - Lizard, Birds, Rat, Squirrel and Snakes. Diseases of B. mori. - Etiology, Structure, Symptoms, lesions, pathogenesis and diagnosis of disease - Viral, bacterial, protozoan and fungal. Viral: Grasserie, CPV, NPV and Infectious flacherie. Bacterial: Bacterial septicemia, Bacterial gastro enteric disease, Bacterial toxicosis. Protozoan: Pebrine. Fungal: Muscardine - White, Green and Yellow, Aspergillosis Influence of nutrition on the incidence of diseases. Preventive and control measures of pests of mulberry silkworm. Preventive and control measures of mulberry silkworm – chemical control, insecticides. Pests and Diseases of Mulberry Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the incidence of diseases Pests of Mulberry - Identification, classification, life cycle and nature of damage of following insect pests. Lepidoptera: Bihar hairy caterpillar, Cut worm, Morning caterpillar, Leaf roller, Syntomids Homoptera: Jassids Hemiptera: Scale insects, Mealy Bugs (sucking). Thysonoptera: Thrips. Orthroptera: Grasshoppers. Isoptera: Termites. Coleoptera: Stem borers, Weevils. Diseases of mulberry- Factors, symptoms, disease cycle. Bacterial: Bacterial leaf spot. Fungal: Leaf spot, Powdery Mildews, Rust of Mulberry, Stem canker, Root rot. Preventive and control measures of pests of mulberry. Øe'k% ( 18 ) Preventive and control measures of diseases of mulberry. Integrated pest management. Pests and Diseases of Tasar Silkworm and Host Plants. Pests of Antheraea sp: Uziflies, Red ant, Pentatomid bug, Praying Mantis and Lady bird beetle. Diseases of Antheraea sp: Viral, Bacterial, Protozoan and fungal. Preventive and control measures of pests and diseases of tasar silkworm, Antheraea sp. Pests of tasar silkworm host plants. Diseases of tasar silkworm host plants: Bacterial and fungal. Preventive and control measures of pests and diseases of tasar silkworm host plants, Terminalia sp. Pests and Diseases of Muga Sikworm and Host Plants: Pests of muga silkworm, A. assamensis: Uziflies Red ant, Pentatomid bug, Praying Mantis and Lady bird beetle. Diseases of muga silkworm, A. assamensis: Viral, Bacterial, Protozoan and Fungal. Preventive and control measures of pests and diseases of muga silkworm. Pests of muga silkworm host plants. Diseases of muga silkworm host plants: Bacterial and fungal. Preventive and control measures of pests and diseases of muga silkworm host plants. Pests and disease of Eri Silkworm and Host Plants: Pests of Eri silkworm. Philosamia ricini: Invertebrate and vertebrate Pests. Diseases of Eri silkworm, Philosamia ricini: Viral, bacterial, Protozoan and fungal. Preventive and control measures of pests and diseases of Eri silkworm. Pests of Eri silkworm host plants. Diseases of Eri silkworm host plants: Bacterial and fungal. Preventive and control measures of pests and diseases of Eri silkworm host plants. Cell Biology. Ultrastructure of Golgi and Secretory mechanism. Ultrastructure of lysosomes, synthesis, segregation and transport. Molecular organisation of ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. Genetic Code. Protein synthesis, Mitochondria in energy metabolism. Molecular cell Biology. Molecular structure of plasma membrane and mechanism of transport. DNA replication. RNA types, structure and function. Enzyme kinetic - negative and positive co-operativity, regulation of enzyme activity, activators and inhibitors. Receptor- Ligand interaction and signal transduction. Lac operon, attenuation, tryptophan operon. Biochemistry Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Protein metabolism. Structure, Chemistry and metabolism of carbohydrates. Structure, chemistry and metabolism of lipids. Nitrogen metabolism. Biotechnology Isolation, sequencing of DNA segments, gene amplification, synthesis of gene. Cloning vectors of recombinant DNA - Plasmids, phages, cosmids, binary and shuttle vectors. Gene cloning techniques in bacteria and eukaryotes. molecular probes labeling, blotting, dot and slot blots. Animal cell and tissue culture: Methods, advantages and disadvantages. Gene transfer, targeted gene transfer and transgenic animals. Immunotechnology: Hybridoma technology and monoclonal antibodies. Tools and Techniques. Principles and Applications of compound, phase contrast and fluorescence microscope. Principles and Applications of scanning and transmission electron microscope. Principles and Applications of spectrophotometer and calorimeter. Techniques of Gel electrophoresis. Techniques of Thin layer chromatography (TLC and HPLC) Techniques of Western biot analysis. Silkworm Seed Technology General principles of seed technology. Seed organisation. Seed cocoons. A plan of grainage. Management of a grainage. Management of basic seed farms. Silkworm Seed Production : Mulberry Silworm. Grainage and grainage equipment. Moth emergence, mating egg laying and mother moth examination. Disinfection and storage of eggs. Hibernation of bivoltine eggs. Artificial hatching of uni and bivoltine eggs. Incubation and transportation of eggs. Silkworm Seed Production: Non-mulberry Silkworm. Selection, transport and storage of seed cocoons. Grainage of tasar silkworm. Grainage of muga silkworm. Grainage of eri silkworm. Artificial hatching. Storage and transportation of eggs. Rearing of mulberry silkworms. Life cycle of mulberry silkworm. Principles of silkworms rearing. Prerequisite for mulberry silkworm rearing: Preparation for rearing, model rearing house, environmental conditions, rearing equipment. Rearing of early age silkworm. Rearing of late age silkworm. Mounting, spinning and harvesting of cocoons, precautions for rearing. Rearing of Non-mulberry silkworms (Tropical and Temperate Tassar, Muga and Eri) Life cycle of non-mulberry silkworms. Rearing house. Rearing appliances. Larval behavior. Rearing techniques. Spinning process and harvesting of cocoons. Genetics of Mulberry silkworms. Hereditary traits in B. mori. Genetics of cocoons colour. Sex determination in B. mori. Chromosome polyploidy and parthenogenesis of B. mori. Mutation, chemical mutagens and their utility. Breeding of mulberry silkworm. Silkworm races - Genetics and distribution. Silkworm breeding methods - Aims, advantages, inbreeding, outbreeding. Biotechnological approach to improve silk production. Silkworm races - Maintenance of Silkworm stock and large scale multiplication. Heterosis. Silkworm breeding in India - Advantages and disadvantages. Genetics of Mulberry. Øe'k% ( 19 ) Mendelian principles of genetics. Spontaneous and induced mutation, molecular basis of DNA damage and repair. Biological diversity in mulberry. Germplasm conservation - methods, center of collection. Cytogenetics of mulberry. Genetic control of disease resistance in mulberry. Cocoon Quality Types of cocoons. Assessment and selection of cocoons. Drying and stifling of cocoons. Pests of cocoon and their management. Storage of cocoons. Transportation of cocoons. Reeling of Mulberry cocoons. Evaluation of silk reeling industry. Reeling appliances. Cocoon processing for reeling. Reeling methods. Rereeling, silk testing and spinning of silk yarn. Preparation and preservation of silk yarn. Reeling of Non-mulberry cocoons. Reeling appliances of tasar and muga cocoons. Reeling process of tasar and muga cocoons. Spinning appliances of eri cocoons. Spinning process of eri cocoons. Testing and preservation of silk yarn. Processing of silk yarn. Winding machine and process of winding. Doubling machine and process of doubling. Twisting machine. Process of twisting. Stiffing of twisted yarn. Twist reeling machine and process of reeling. Weaving Bleaching and dying of twisted yarn. Wraping unit and process of wraping. Bobbin filling machine and process of filling for weft. Weaving machine. Process of weaving. Testing and storage of silk fabric. Process of weaving. Testing and storage of silk fabric. I. II. III. IV. V. 1- 2- 3- (19) - GEOLOGY General Geology :- History and Development of the Science of Geology, Origin and age of the earth epigene and Hypogene changes in the crust of the earth, interior of the earth as reflected by seismic studies. Isostasy, Continental drift, Earth quakes and Volcanoes, Plate tectonics. Crystallography and Mineralogy including Geochemistry :4Crystal symmetry and structure, Goniometry, Physical, Chemical and optical Characters of minerals, structural classification of minerals. Systematic study of Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphibole, mica, Feldspar and Quartz group of Minerals. Geochemistry of Minerals. Petrology :- Introduction to petrology and classification of rocks and their distinguishing characters. Basic Ideas about composition and constitution of magma. Forms, structures and textures of igneous rocks, classification of igneous rocks, Origin as assimilation and differentiation of igneous rocks. Sedimentation, weathering, transportation and deposition of sediments, 5lithification and digenesis, structures and texture of sedimentary rocks, Lime stones and Sandstones Different Agents and kinds of Metamorphism. Structure and textures of metamorphic rocks, Regional and Thermal metamorphism, retrograde meta- morphism and metasomatism, granitization, classification of metamorphic rocks. Paleontology and Stratigraphy :- Fossils their preservation and uses, systematic study of Brachiopods, Lamellibranchs, Cephalopods, Gastropods, Arthropods, Echinoids with reference to morphology, age and stratigraphic importance. Important plant and vertebrate Fossils. Srtatigraphic column its divisions, correlation of rocks, physiographic divisions of India and their stratigraphic and structural relationship. Achaeans. Cuddapah, Vindhyan, Gondwanas, Cambrian to Recent formations of India and their economic importance. Structural and Economic Geology :- Dip and strike of beds, unconformities, folds, Faults, joints, recognition of folds and faults in the field and on geological maps their classification and mechanics, salt domes, processes of formation of ore deposits, structural controls of mineralization. Systematic study of non-metallic, Metallic ore deposits of India, fuels, industrial and economic minerals and prospecting for minerals. (20) - ekuo foKku ¼,saFkzki s ksykWth½ ekuo foKku dk ifjp;%& mn~n”s ;] {ks= ,oa ,sfrgkfld fodkl] vU; foKkuksa ds lkFk laca/k] ekuo foKku dh fofHkUu “kk[kk,W ,oa mudk vUrZlEcU/k ekuofoKku dh lHkh “kk[kkvksa ¼”kkjhfjd@tSfod] izkxSfrgkfld ,oa lkekftd lkaLd`frd½ esa uo mHkjrh izo`fRRk;kaW ,oa fodkl {ks= dk;Z%& fof/k ,oa izfof/k;kW &bFkuksx a zkQh rqyukRed v/;;u] voyksdu] lk{kkRdkj oS;fDrd v/;;u] oa”kkoyh fof/k] vuqlwph ,oa iz”ukoyh] mn~fodkl% & mn~fodkl ds fl)kar%&ySHkkdZokn]uo&ySekdZokn] MkfoZuokn]uo&MkfoZuokn] la”ys’k.kkRed&fl)kar] thfor izkbesVl ~ % forj.k] oxhZdj.k] fo”ks"krk,¡] fLFkfr ,oa ofxZdhA ekuo ,oa okujksa ds “kkjhfjd ,oa vkdkfjdh; fo”ks"krkvksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u] m/oZlafLFkfr ,oa f}ikfnrkA thok'e% & izkphure izkbesVl ~ ds thok’e vfHkys[k ¼,thIVksfiFkhdl] izkfIyvksafiFkhdl] Mªk;ksfiFkhdl izksdkWUly½] gksehuk;M thok”eksa dk% [kkst@forj.k@”kkjhfjd y{k.k@mn~fodklh; fLFkfr& ¼i½ Mªk;ksfiFkhdl] ¼ii½ jkekfiFksdl] ¼iii½ vkWLVªyksfiFksdl jkscLVl] vkWLVªsyksfiFksdl vkfQzdsul] vkWLVsªyksfiFksdl vQsjsfUll ¼iv½ gkseksgschfyl ¼v½ gkseks bjsDVl ¼vi½ gkseks lsfi,Ul fu,UMj FkysUlhl ¼vii½ gkseks lsfi,Ul lsfi,Ul ¼Øks&eSxuu] fxzekYMh]½ ekuo vkuqokaf'kdh%& bfrgkl] fodkl] {ks= ,oa “kk[kk,WA dksf”kdk lajpuk vkSj foHkktu] esMay ds fu;e] oa”kkxfr ds izdkj &vkWVkslksey izHkkoh] vkWVkslksey vizHkkoh] lg&izHkkfork] fyaxh]&lgyXurk] fyaxh&lhfer ,oa fyaxh&fu;af=r vkuqoka f”kd lgyXurk rFkk ØkWflax&vksoj oa”kkxfr i}fr dh v/;;u fof/k;kW& ;et] oa”ko`{k] ,-ch-vks- jDr lewg] iztkrh; dh vko/kkj.kk] iztkrh; oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj &forj.k ,oa fo”ks"krk,a&dkWdslk;M] uhxzk;M] eaxksykW;M] Hkkjrh; tula[;k dk iztkrh; oxhZdj.k & fjtys] xqgk ,oa ljdkj dk oxhZdj.kA iqjkrfRod laLd`fr;ka % dkykuqØe vkSj iqjk tyok;q ds lanHkZ easA 1Hkw&xHkhZ <+kpk % prqFkZ dkyA 2lkisf{kr dky ekiu %& lksiku] Lrjhdj.k] ¶yksfju fof/k] izk:i fof/k] Øe'k% ( 20 ) 3- 6- 7- fujis{k dkyekiu %& jsfM;ks dkcZu dkyekiu fof/k] FkeksZyqfeusfll 4tyok;q pØ %& fgekorZu vkSj varj fgekorZu] 85laLd`fr dkykuqØe %& iqjkik’kk.kdky] e/;ik’kk.kdky] uoik"kk.kdky] pkYdksfyfFkd] fla/kq lH;rkA iqjkrkfRod laLd`fr;kWa% ¼Hkkjr@;wjksi½ ¼aa½ izkxSfrgkfld laLd`fr;kW% [kkst] mn~Hko] forj.k] LFky] lkekftd vkfFkZdh ijEijk,W] fodkl] U;wfj;y izSfDVlsl] ¼e`rd laLdkj½ ¼i½ fuEu iqjkik"kk.k midj.k ¼ii½ e/; ik’kk.k midj.k ¼iii½ uo ik’kk.k midj.k ¼iv½ ysokyksfl;u] eLrwfj;u] ncko rFkk ijdlWu rduhd ¼v½ fuEuiqjkik"kk.k dky %& iscy midj.k ijEijk,W ¼vi½ ,s”kqfy;u ijEijk,W 9¼ba½ e/; iqjkik"kk.k dky% dyk ,oa mlds izdk;Z ds fo”ks"k lanHkZ esa ¼c½ mPp iqjkik"kk.k dkyhu laLd`fr ¼da½ e/; ik"kk.k dkyhu laLd`fr% ¼ea½ uo ik"kk.k dkyhu laLd`fr% ¼f½ izksVks&fgLVksfjd laLd`fr;kW% ¼i½ pkYdksfyfFkd laLd`fr ¼ii½ fl/ak/q kkVh lH;rk% uxj&;kstuk] /keZ] O;kolk;] fyfi] mRifRr rFkk iru ¼g½ fgLVksfjdy laLd`fr;kW% ykSg ;qx% ¼v½ egkik"kk.kh; izdkj ¼c½ thfor egkik"kk.kh; ijaijk,W mn~fodkl% lkekftd lajpuk ,oa laxBu % mn~fodkl% ,d&js[kh;] cgqjs[kh;] uo mn~fodkl] uo&izorZ u] ij&laLd`frdj.k] laLd`fr% ifjHkk"kk,W rFkk y{k.k izdk;Zokn% esfyuksLdh] lajpukokn% jsM Dyhd czkmu laLd`fr rFkk O;fDrRo% ewy O;fDro] dksufQxjs”ku] dkMhZuj rFkk fyUVu% budYpjs”ku fLFkfr rFkk Hkwfedk] laLd`fr ds izfreku] laLd`fr ifjorZu] lkaLd`frd fo"k;&oLrq lkaLd`frd lkis{kokn] ewY;] o`gn ,oa y?kq iajijk] lH;rk] Hkkjrh; ekuo oSKkfudkas dk ;ksxnku& fl)kar rFkk fopkj /kkjk% ,u-ds-cksl-] Mh-,u- etwenkj] ,e-,u- Jh fuokl] ,l-lh-nqcs] ,yih- fo|kFkhZ] laLd`fr dh izdf` r] lkaLd`frd laxBu ,oa laLFkk,¡ lkekftd laxBu% ifjokj vfHkfoU;klh ifjokj rFkk iztuu ewyd ifjokj] dsUnzh;] foLr`r] la;qDr ifjokj voklh;%fir`& LFkkuh; ] ekr`& LFkkuh;] uoLFkkfud] ifr LFkkfud ifRu LFkkfud fookg% fookg fu;e% vUrfookZg] cfgfoZokg ,dfookg izFkk]cgqfookg izFkk] cgqifRud] cgqifrd] Økl &dftu fookg] nsoj fookg] lkyh fookg] o/kq&ewY;@o/kq&/kuA ukrsnkjh% ukrsnkjh “kCn% oxkZRed rFkk o.kZukRed O;oLFkk] jDr laca/kh rFkk fookg laca/kh izkFkfed f}rh;d ,oa r`rh;d VElZ vkWQ fjQzjsal] oa’k] bugsjhVsUl ¼mRrjkf/kdkj½] lDls'ku@inkf/kdkj ;wfufyfu;y] isVªhfyfu;y] nksgjh oa”ktrk ¼Mcy fMlsUV½ lewg % tutkfr] xks=] ÝsVjh] fyfu,t] ukrsnkjh O;ogkj rFkk lac/a k %& ifjgkj rFkk ifjgkl laca/k] fudVkfHkxeu fu’ks/k vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd laxBu% vkfFkZd laxBu% laifRr dh vo/kkj.kk vkfne lkE;okn% vkfFkZd Lrj% laxzg.k] f”kdkj] eNyh ekjuk] i”kqikyu] d`f”k% LFkkukarfjr ,oa LFkk;h mRiknu ds rjhds] Je foHkktu jktuSfrd laxBu% usr`Ro& xks= o tutkfr izFkkxr dkuwu tutkrh; lektksa esa tqeZ rFkk naM /keZ rFkk tknw% vkfne /keZ% vkRekokn ¼thfor lRrkokn½] VksVsfeTe] ekukbTe] “kkeu] iqtkjh]esfMlhu esuA Hkkjrh; ekuofoKku% lkekU; vo/kkj.kk,W rFkk iz'u lkekU; vo/kkj.kk% Hkkjrh; xzke lekt dk ,d Hkkx rFkk ,d i`Fkd vax] tkfr ,d lewg ,oa O;oLFkk ds :i esa] vuqlwfpr tkfr rFkk vuqlfw pr tutkfr] tkfr o.kZ vkSj vU; fiNMs+ oxZ tkfr vkSj oxZ laLd`frdj.k] if”pehdj.k o vk/kqfudhdj.k ,oa Hkkjr esa /kkfeZd lady q A NRrhlx<+ esa eq[; tutkrh; lewg] NRrhlx<+ esa tutkrh; vkanksyu laLd`fr dk fodkl ,oa izlkj lkekftd laLd`fr mn~fodkl dss fl)kar &,djs[kh;] lkoZHkkSfed] cgqjs[kh; uo mn~fodkl okn forj.k fo”ks"krk,W rFkk oxhZdj.k% izk.kh&txr dk oxhZdj.k] izk.kh&txr esa ekuo dk LFkku izkbZesaVmn~fodkl &diky] tcM+s] ikn] nar rFkk efLr’d ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ es]a vksfyxkslhu ds izkjafHkd izk;esVl ~ ek;kslhu rFkk fIY;kslhu dky ds izkphure izkbesV~l% izksify;ksafiFksDl] Mªk;ksfiFksdlA thfor izkbZesVl ~ & forj.k] y{k.k ,oa oxhZdj.k ¼tkfro`r½ mn~fodklh; fLFkfr rFkk ofxZdh&izksfleh] flckW;fM;k] gkfeukW;fM;kA ekuo] xksfjYyk] fpEikath] vksjkax mVkWau rFkk fxCcu ds vkd`frd vkSj “kkjhfjd jpuk fo’k;d fo”ks"krk,WA m/oZ& lafLFkfr ,oa f}ikfnrk O;ogkj dk fodkl] vkjafHkd gksekukW;M esa lkekftd O;ogkj dk izfr:iA gksfeukbts”ku dh izfØ;kW rFkk gksfeukW;M dk izknqHkkZo% jkekfiFksdl] vkWLVsªyksfiFksDl vfÝdsul] vkWLVsªyksfiFksDl ckblh ¼ftUtsFkzksil½] vkWLVªksyksfiFksdl jkscLVl] esxkUFkzkis l] gkseks & gschfyl dk oxhZdj.k rFkk vkykspukA gkseks bjsDV~l% gkseks bjsDV~l tkokusfll] gkseks bjsDV~l isfdusfUll] gkseks lsfi,Ulfu,UMj FkysUflfl& tkfro`Rrh; fLFkfr] eq[; fo”ks’krk,WA jksMsf”k;u ekuo] LokUldkWEc LVhugSe] ,oa “kkfuMjA vk/kqfud ekuo dk mn~Hko rFkk fo”ks’krk,W %& pkalysM] Øks&eSx a ukWu] fxzekYMh] vkWQusV] izsMeksLV] bfrgkl ,oa fodkl] ladYiuk] fo’k; {ks= rFk vk/kqfud izo`fRr;kW] vU; fOkKkuksa ls laca/k rFkk vkS’kf/k&foKku ekuo vkuqoka f”kdh rFkk vk.kfod vkuqoka f”kdh ds fl)kar] easMy ds vkuqoka f”kdrk ds fu;e rFkk mi;ksfxrkA :ikUrjd thu] cgqthfo E;wV”s ku] thu E;wV”s ku%& LikUkVsfu;l bUM~;wlA oa”kkxfr] dh v/;;u fof/k;kW% ;et ¼;qXe½ izfof/k] oa”ko`{k] vkuqoka f”kdrk ifjekiu tula[;k vkuqoaf”kdh% gkMhZ&okbucxZ fu;e%ifjHkk’kk ,oa mi;ksfxrk Øe'k% ( 21 ) tuu tula[;k%lkFkh izfr:i] js.Me esfVax] ,lkWjVsfVo esfVax] dkWUlsxqfuVh ,oa var% iztuu xq.kkd ,-ch-vks ¼ABO½ jDr&lewg] MjesVksxyk;fQDl& igpku ,oa oxhZdj.k vaxqyh fpUg izfreku& igpku ,oa vkuqokaf”kdrk ikej MjesVksXykl;fQDl% daQhxjs”ku ,fj;k] esu&ykbZu Qkewy Z k ,oa lwpdkadA ikej Q~DysD”ku Øhlsl ,oa eq[; izdkj MjsVksXyk;fQDl ,oa chekfj;kW ¼Øksekslksey ,oa vU;½ ekuo laof` }% fodkl vkSj vuqdwyu ekuo laof` }% ifjHkk’kk] foHksnhdj.k] ifjiDork ,oa fodkl laof` } ds pj.k % tUe&iwoZ] “kS”ko dky voLFkk] ckY;koLFkk] fd”kksjkoLFkk] izkS<rk] o`}koLFkkA lao`f} dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd% vkuqoaf”kd] i;kZoj.k] gkeksZuy iks"k.k] lkekftd vkfFkZdA ekuo lao`f) ,oa fodkl dh v/;;u i)fr;k¡&vuqn/S ;Z] Økl lsD'kuWy] iks"kd& vko”;drk,W& “kS”kokoLFkk ls o`)koLFkk rd% izksVhu] dkcksZgkbMªsV] [kfut & yo.k ,oa foVkfeu] vYi&iks"k.k] eksVkik] dqiks"k.k] yky dksf”kdk & ,Utkbe% vkuqoaf”kd fofo/krk rFkk cgq:irk% jsM lsy ,flM QkWLQsV G6PD ,oa ysDVsv fMgkbZMªksftusl gheksXyksfcu% lkekU; vkSj vlkekU; lkekU; gheksXyksfcu % (HbA, HbF, HbA2) vlkekU; gheksXyksfcu % (HbS, HbC, HbD2 HbE) jDr&lewg ,oa chekfj;kW% ,fjFkzksCykLVksfll fQVksfyl] pspd rFkk eysfj;k thu eSfiax% jDRk oxZ] fyxa lgyXu fo”ks”krk,W ekuo dksf”kdkuqofa ”kdh ekuo xq.klw= dh igpku] dsfj;ksVkbi ,oa ukedj.kA Øksekslksey foiFku% vuqiz;ksx& vuqokaf”kd ijke”kZ vkuqoaf'kd ;kaf=dh rFkk Mh-,u-,fQaxj & fizafVx A okrkoj.kh; iqjkrRo foKku lkaLd`frd & ikfjfLFkfrdh u`tkfr iqjkrRo foKku uo & iqjkrRo foKku iqjkrkfRod v/;;u ds lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd mikxeA i;kZoj.kh; ifjoZruksa dh izd`fr tyok;q] Hkw:i;h] tarl q ewg] ouLifr lewg dky&fu/kkZj.k i}fr% Lrjhdj.k ¼LVsªVhxzkQdh;½] iSfy;kseSXuksfVd] Qyksjhu] jsfM;kas & dkcZu] o`{k&oy;] izkphure laLd`fr;kW ¼vkfne f”kdkjh] laxzkgd½ vkLVªsyksfiFksflal ,oa midj.k vk[ksVd iz.kkfy;kW rFkk lg;ksx% vfXu ds iz;ksx dk izkjaHk rFkk bldk tSfod ,oa lkaLd`frd fodkl ij izHkko x`g vk/kkfjr fodkl o izolu] o`an fuekZ.k eas izkS|ksfxdh dk mn~Hko nf{k.k &if”pe ;wjksi esa ,”kwfy;u laLd`fr &Vsjk vkekrk] CysM ,oa C;wfju rduhdh dk mn~fodkl Hkkjr eas mPp iqjkik"kk.k dky&jsfuuxaqVk] fcyk lqjxke] iVus] HkhecVsdk] lksu ,oa csyku?kkVh] folknh] iq’’kkj xqt a u ?kkVh] fodflr f”kdkjh &laxkz gd rFkk vkjafHkd d`’kd ¼e/; ik’kk.k ;qxhu laLd`fr;kW½ i;kZoj.k esa mRrj vYiuwru ifjorZu Hkkjr esa e/;&ik’kk.k laLd`fr;kW] xaxk ?kkVh& ljkbZ ukgj jkbZ] egkMkck if”peh Hkkjr &fcjHkuiqj nf{k.kh Hkkjr& if”peh?kkV rFkk iwohZrV e/; ik’kk.k dkyhu vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa lekt e/;ik’kk.k dkyhu dyk xzkeh.k [ksrhgj thou dk izknqHkkZo ¼uoik’kk.k ;qxhu Økafr½ [kk| mRiknu ds vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd izHkko] LFkk;h thou] tula[;k o`f)] f”kYi&fof”kf’Vdj.k] oxZ fuekZ.k] jktuhfrd laLFkk,WaA Hkkjr eas d`f’k dk izkjaHk& xaxk ?kkVh] esgjx<+] dksfYMgok midj.k izdkj] forj.k ,oa nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f”k;k ls lac/a kA lH;rk dk mn~Hko ¼dkaL; ;qx½ fla/kq lH;rk ifjiDo fla/kq laLd`fr & eksgu tksnkM+ks gM+Iik] pugqUnkjks] dkyhcaxu] yksFku] lqjdksrkMk uxj ;kstuk% vkfdZVsDpj] /kkr]q rduhd] dyk ,oa ys[ku mRrjdkyhu gM+Iik laLd`fr&dPN xqtjkr iatkc gfj;k.kk if”peh mRrj izn's k] jkstkfn] jaxiqj] jksiM+ ferFkky ,oa vkyexhjiqj esa foLrkj@izlkjA esxkfyfFkd cfj;y ,oa e/; dk Hkkjr dh thfor egkik’kk.k laLd`fr;kW] laLd`fr dk vFkZ ,oa izd`fr ekuoh; ,oa ekuo oSKkfud ifjizs{;] laLd`fr dh ekuo oSKkfud vo/kkj.k] y{k.k ,oa miknku] lh[kk gqvk vkSj ,sfrgkfld O;qRifRr cgqyrk ¼IyqfjVh½ O;ogkj izfreku] izdk;ZRed] ,dhdj.k ,oa laiw.kZrk dk ifjiz{s ;] Hkk’kk laLd`fr ds okgd ds :i easA b-Zch- Vk;yj] ,,y- Økscj] ch- esyhukszldh ds ;ksxnku mHkjrs {ks= % vkS"k/kh ekufoKku ifjfLFkfrdh; ekuofoKku] uxjh; ekuo foKku] fodkl;h ekuo foKkuA laLd`fr dk mn~fodkl ,oa izlkj lkekftd lakLd`frd mn~fodkl dk fl)kar ,djs[kh; ¼ekxZu½ lkoZHkkSfed ¼okbV ,oa pkbYM½ fczfV”k] teZu ,oa vesfjdu izlknoknh dk ;ksxnku mn~fodklh; v/;;u esa lelkekftd izfo`fRr;kW% uo&mn~fodklh; fl)kar ij &laLd`fr xzg.k] izlkj] ladf` r] laidZ ,oa laLd`fr ifjorZu izdk;Zokn% efSyuksoLdh dk izdk;Zokn eas ;ksxnku A lkekftd lajpuk] lkekftd laxBu ,oa lkekftd O;oLFkk ysoh&LVªkl W ,oa yhp lkekftd ekuo foKku esa lajpukokn %&jsMfDyQ czkmu ,oa bZekUl fizpkMZ dk ;ksxnku euksoSKfud ekuo foKku laLd`fr ,oa O;fDrRo& csufs MDV ,oa ewy O;fDrRo] fyaVu] dkfMZuj dksjk&Mw cksbl jk’Vªh; pfj= v/;;u ds ekuo oSKkfud mikxeA ifjokj] fookg] ,oa ukrsnkjh ifjokj fookg ,oa ukrsnkjh ifjokj ds izdkj ,oa dk;Z] dsUnzh; foLr`r ,oa la;Dq r ifjokj vf/kekU; fookg] oa”k&lewg ds dk;Z] fyfu,t ,oa xks=] ukrsnkjh & “kCnkoyh ,oa ukrsnkjh & O;ogkj lkekftd &lkaLd`frd ekuo foKku esa fuEufyf[kr dk ;ksxnku%& ÝkUt cksvkl ,-,y- Økscj jkWcVZ jsMfQYM ekuo oSKkfud & “kks/k dh izfof/k;kW %& u`tkrh; o.kZu ,d izfof/k ds :i eas] ekuo foKku eas {ks= dk;Z dh ijaijk] {ks= dk;Z izfof/k] dh vk/kkjHkwr fo”ks’krk,W la[;kRed ,oa xq.kkRed midj.k ,oa rduhd % losZ{k.k] voyksdu] oS;fDrd& v/;;u] lk{kkRdkj] vuqlwph] iz”ukoyh] oa”kkoyh] lewg&ppkZ] ekufp=.k A lkekftd&laLd`fr ekuo foKku dh rqyukRed fof/k;kW ØkWl dYpjy rqyuk A fu;af=r rqyuk Øe'k% ( 22 ) lgHkkxh xzkeh.k ewY;kadu ¼ih-vkj-,½ “kh?kz xzkeh.k ewY;kadu ¼vkj-vkj-,-½ gLr{ksih vuqla/kku izfØ;k ,oa izHkko fo”ys’k.k Hkkjrh; tula[;k ds detksj ox%Z vuqlfw pr tkfr ¼v-tk-½ vuqlfw pr tutkfr ¼v-t-tk-½ ,oa NRrhlx<+ ds vkfne tutkrh; lewg ¼ihVh-th-½ vf/klwfpr lewnk; lafo/kku ds vuqlkj v-tk ,oa v-t-tk- dks lafo/kku ds vuqlkj fpafUgr djus ds vk/kkj tu tkrh; leL;k,aW ,oa fuEufyf[kr ls tqMh+ dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk,W %& fodkl ;kstuk %&¼Iyku@lc&Iyku½ fo”ks’k ;kstuk,W %& yktZ&Ldsy d`f’k cgqmn~n”s kh; lekt ¼LAMP½ lesfdr tutkfr fodkl ifj;kstuk ¼ITDP½ lkeqnf;d fodkl ;kstuk ¼CDP½ lesfdr xzkeh.k fodkl ifj;kstuk ¼IRDP½ vuqlwfpr tkfr;kas ds fy;s fo”ks’k la?kVd ;kstuk tutkrh; ;qok & Lojkstxkj ;kstuk ¼TRYSEM½ iapk;rh jkt eas efgykvkas ds fy;s vkj{k.kA fodkl eas Lo;a lsoh laxBukas dh HkwfedkA tutkfr vkanksyu] fodklh; ;kstuk ds dkj.k fjokbosfyfLVd@usfVfofLVd tula[;k foLFkkiu tSls & cka/k &fuekZ.kA Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa laLd`fr lkekftd Lrjhdj.k ,oa ,dhdj.k esa tkfr ,d lewg vkSj O;oLFkk ds :i esAa vk/kqfud Hkkjr esa tkfrA tkfr ds cnyrs Lo:iA vo/kkj.kk,W% y?kq ,oa nh?kZ ijEijk] lkoZHkkSfedrk ,oa izkarh;rk] izHkq&tkfr] laLd`frdj.k vkSj if”pehdj.k] ifo=&ladqyA Hkkjrh; f”k{k.k % ,u-ds- cksl Mh-,u- etqenkj osfj;j ,fYou ,e-,u- Jhfuokl ,l-lh- nqcs ,y-ih- fo|kFkhZ leqnk; v/;;u eas ekuo oSKkfud mikxe% LokLF;] izkd`frd&LokLF; izeks”ku ,oa jksx&fu;a=.k izkx s zke tSls & tula[;k fu;a=.k iks’k.k] ekr` f”k”kq LoLF;] LokLF; f”k{kk] dq’B&jksx] {k;jksx] ¼Vh-ch-½ ,M~l vkfn f”k{kk ,oa izlkj eas ekuo foKku xzkeh.k fodkl fyax ifjisz{; foLFkkiu] iquoZ kl&HkwdEi] ck<+ vkSj vkink,W bR;kfnA 1. (20) - ANTHROPOLOGY An Introduction of Anthropology: Aim, Scope and Historical Development. Relationship with other sciences. Different branches of anthropology and their interrelatedness. Emerging trends and major developments in all branches of Anthropology (Physical/Biological, Archaeological and Social cultural). Fieldwork: Methods and Techniques- Ethnography, Comparative method, Observation, Interview, Case study, Genealogical method, Schedule and Questionnaire 2. 3. i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) 4. 5. i) ii) iii) iv) v) 6. i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) c) d) e) f) g) Evolution : Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism, Neo- Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Synthetic theory. Living Primates: Distribution, Classification, Characteristics, Phylogeny and Taxonomy. Comparison of morphological and anatomical features of Man and Apes. Erect Posture and Bipedalism. Fossils: Fossil records of Earliest Primates (Aegyptopithecus, Propliopithecus, Dryopithecus, Proconsul). Hominoid Fossils: Discoveries/ Distribution/ Anatomical Features/Phylogenetic Position of Dryopithecus Ramapithecus Australopithecus robustus, Australopitheus africanus, Australopitheus afarensis Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Homo sapiens sapiens (Cro-magnon, Grimaldi, ) Human Genetics History, Development, Scope and Branches. Cell Structure and Division. Mendel’s Laws. Patterns of Inheritance- Autosomal Dominant; Autosomal Recessive; Codominance; Sex linked; Sex limited and Sex controlled. Linkage and Crossing-over. Methods of Studying Inheritance- Twins, Pedigree. ABO Blood Groups; Concept of Race. Criteria for Racial Classifications. Distribution and Characteristics- Caucasoid; Negroid; Mangoloid. Racial classification of Indian Population - Classification of Risley Guha.and sarkar. Archaeological Cultures: Chronology & Palaeo-Climatic Perspectives Geological Framework: Quaternary Period Relative dating: Terraces, Stratigraphy, Fluorine Technique, Typology. Absolute dating: Radio-carbon dating technique.Thermoluminescence, Climatic cycles: Glacial and Interglacial, Cultural Chronology :- Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Indus Civilization, Archaeological Cultures: (India/ Europe) a) Prehistorical Cultures: Discovery, Origin, Distribution,Socio-economic, Traditions, Development, Burial Practices. Lower Palaeolithic tools Mesolithic tools Neolithic tools Levalloisian, Mousterian, Pressure, Percussion technique, Lower Palaeolithic: i. Pebble tool Tradition Acheulian Tradition b) Middle Palaeolithic : Special emphasis on art & its functions Upper Palaeolithic Culture. Mesolithic Culture Neolithic Culture Proto-Historical Cultures: i) Chalcolithic Culture ii) Indusvalley - Civilization: Town Planning, Religion, Trade, Script, Origin & Decay. Historical Cultures: Iron Age: (a) Megalithic Types (b) Living Megalithic Traditions Øe'k% ( 23 ) 7. 8. 9. Evolution : Social Structure and Organization Evolution: Unilinear, Multilinear, Neo evaluation, Innovation, Acculturation Culture : definitions and Attributes. Functionalism : Malionwski, Structuralism : Red Cliffe Brown. Culture and personality : Basic personality, configuration, Kardiner and Linton :Enculturation Status and Role, Patterns of Culture, Culture Change,Culture Themes Cultural relativism, Values, Great and little Tradition, Civilization Contribution of Indian Anthropolosist : theory and Concepts: N.K. Bose, D.N. Majumdar, M.N. Srinivas, S.C. Dube, L.P. Vidyarthi, Aspects of Culture, Organisation of Culture and Institutions. Social Organisastion: Family of Orientation and Family of Procreation : Nuclear, Extended and Joint family Residence : Patrilocal, Matirlocal, Neolocal, Virilocal, Uxorilocal marriage Marriage Rules : Endogamy, Exogamy Monogamy, Polygamy, Polygyny, Polyandry, Cross cousin marriage, Levirate, Sororate Marriage, Bride price/Bride wealth. Kinship :Kinship Terms : Classificatory and descriptive systems Consangunieal and Affinal Primary, secondary, tertiary terms of reference Descent, Inheritance and Succession: Unilineal, Patrilineal, Double Descent. Groups: Tribe, Clan, Phratry, Lineage Kinship behaviour and relationship: Avoidance and Joking relationship, Incest Taboos Economic and Political Organization : Economic Organisation: Concept of property, primitive Communism States of Economy: Collection, Hunting, Fishing, Pastoralism, Cultivation: Shifting and Settled Mode of Production Division of Labour Political Organisation :Leadership, Clan and Tribe Customary Law Crime and Punishment in Primitive Society Religion and Magic. :Primitive Religion; Animism, Totemism, Manaism, Shaman, Priest. Medicine Men. Indian Anthropology: Basic Concepts and Issues. Basic Concepts:Indian Village as of part society, as an isolate Caste as a group and system Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Caste, Varna and Other Backward Classes Castes and Class. Sanskritisation, Westernization, Modernization and Sacred Complex in India. Major Tribal groups in Chhattisgarh. ;. Tribal Movements in Chhattisgarh. Evolution and Diffusion of Culture. Theories of Socio-cultural Evolution: Unilinear, Universal, Multilinear, Neo-evolution. Distribution, Characteristics and Classification of Animal Kingdom, Position of Man in Animal Kingdom. Primate evolution with reference to Skull, Jaw, Limbs, Dentition and Chin. Earliest Primates of Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene: Dryopithecus, Propliopithecus, Living Primates : Distribution, characteristics and classification, phylogeny and taxonomy :- Prosimii, Ceboidea, Hominoidea. Morphological and Anatomical characteristics of Man, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orangutan and Gibbon. Development of Erect posture and bipedalism. Patterns of social behaviour in Early Homonoids: Process of Hominisation and Emergence of Hominoids: Ramapithecus, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus. boisei(zinjanthropus), A. robustus, Meganthropus; Homo habilis-Classification and Controversy. Homo erectus : Homo erectus javanesis, Homo erectus pekinensis, Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis-Phylogenetic position, salient features, Rhodesian Man, Swanscombe, Steinheim, Shenidar. Emergence and characteristics of Modern man :Chancelade; Cro-magnon; Grimaldi; Offnet; Predmost History and Development, Concept, Scope and Emerging trendsRelation to other sciences and medicine. Principle of human genetics and molecular genetics. Mendel’s Laws of inheritance and its application. Modifying genes, Polygenic Mutation: Gene mutation : Spontaneous, Induced, Methods of studying heredity:Twin method, Pedigree, Hereditability estimate, Population Genetics. Hardy-Weinberg law: Definition and application. Breeding Population: Mating patterns, random mating, assortative mating, consanguinity and inbreeding coefficient, ABO blood groups, Deriatoglyplics - Identification and Classification. Fingerprints Pattern; Identifications, Inheritance. Palmar Dermatoglyphics- Configurational areas, Main-line formula and index. Palmar flexion creases and main types. Dermatoglyphics and Diseases (Chromosomal and others). Human Growth -Development and Adaptation: Human Growth: Definition, Concepts Differentiation, Maturation and Development, Phases of Growth: Prenatal, Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Maturity, Senescence. Factors affecting growth: Genetic, Environmental, Hormonal, Nutritional, Socio economic. Methods of studying human growth and development; Longitudinal, Cross-sectional, Nutritional requirements- Infancy to old age: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Minerals,Vitamins Under-nutrition, obesity, Malnutrition Red cell enzymes: Genetic variation and Polymorphism-Red cell acid phosphate, G6PD and Lactate dehydrogenase Haemoglobin: Normal and variant Normal Haemoglobin: HbA and HbF, HbA2. Abnormal Haemoglobin: HbS, HbC, HbD, HbE. Blood groups and diseases: Erythroblastosis fetalis. Small pox and Malaria Gene maping: Blood groups, Sex-linked characters, Human Cytogenetics:Identification of human chromosomes, Karyotyping and Nomenclature. Chromosome Aberrations: Application-Genetic Counselling, Genetic Engineering and DNA fingerprinting. Environmental Archaeology Cultural Ecology Ethno-archaeology New Archaeology Social and Economic approach in Archaeological Studies Nature of environmental changes-Climatic, Geomorphic, Faunal and Floral Methods of dating: Stratigraphic; Paleomagnetic; Fluorine; Radiocarbon; Tree Ring; Earliest Cultures (Primitive Hunter-Gatherers). Øe'k% ( 24 ) Australopithecines and tools Hunting techniques and cooperation; Beginning of the use of fire and its impact in biological and cultural evolution, Development of home base and migration-implication in band formation Acheulian culture in South Western Europe-Terra Amata, Evolution of blade and burin Technique. Typology and Technology of Middle Palaeolithic tools in India. Blade Tool complex: Evolution of blade and burin technology Upper Palaeolithic in India- Reningunta, BillarSurgam, Patne, Bhimbetka, Son and Bellan Valleys, Visadi, Pushhar, Gunjan Valley Final Hunter-Gatherer and Incipient Cultivators (Mesolithic Cultures) Post-Pleistocene environmental changes Mesolithic Cultures of India:Ganga Valley-Sarai Nahar Rai, Mahadaba Western India-Birbhanpur, South India-Western Ghats and East Coast, Mesolithic economy and society, Mesolithic art Emergence of Village Farming way of life (Neolithic Revolution) Economic and Social consequences of food production-settled life, population growth, craft specialization, class formation, political institutions Beginning of agriculture in India-Ganga Valley, Mehergarh, Koldihwa Tool types, distribution and affinities with S.E. Asia. Birth of Civilization (Bronze Age) Indus Civilization Mature Indus Culture-Mohenjo-daro, harappa, Chanhundaro, Kalibangan, Lothal, Surkotada, Town Planning, Archtecture, Metal technology, art and, writing. Late Harappan Culture-Expansion into Kutch, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, western UP, Rojadi, Rangpur, Ropar, Mitathal and Alamgirpur and Megalithic burials Living Megalithic cultures of Central India. The Meaning and Nature of Culture:Humanistic and anthropological perspectives, distinguished, attributes of anthropological concept of cultures : Characteristics and attributes. Learned and historically derived, Plurality Behaviourally manifested Functional integration and holistic perspective Language as vehicle of culture The contribution of E.B. Tylor, A.L. Kroeber; B. Malinowaski Emerging areas : Medical Anthropology; Ecological Anthropology; urban Anthropology : Development Anthropology . Evolution and Diffusion of Culture Theories of Socio-cultural evolution Unilinear (Morgan) Universal (White and Child) Contribution of British, German and American Diffusionists Contemporary trends in evolutionary studies, Neoevolution, Acculturation, Diffusion, culture contact and culture change. Functionalism:Malinowski’s contribution to Functionalisam, Social structure social organization and social system:- Levi Strauss and Leach Structuralism in Social Anthropology : Redcliffe Brown, Evans Pritchard. Psychological Anthroplogy :Culture and personality - Benedict, Basic personality Linton, Kardiner, Cora Du Bois Anthropological approaches in national character studies: Mead. Family, marriage and Kinship Typology and functions of family Nuclear, extended and joint family Preferential marriage, functions of descent groups, lineage and clan Kinship terminology and kinship behavior. Contribution to social - cultural anthropology by Franz Boas, A.L. Kroeber Robert Redfield Methodology of Anthropological Research: Ethnography as a method. Field work tradition in anthropology; Basic characteristics of field work method Quantitative and qualitative tools and techniques : Survey, observation, Case study, Interview, Schedule, Questionnaire, Geneology, Group discussion, Mapping Comparative methods in social-cultural anthropology Cross-cultural comparison,controlled comparison Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Rapid rural appraisal (RRA) Intervention Research, Process and Impact Analysis Weaker sections in Indian population : Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Primitive Tribal groups (PTG) in Chhattisgarh, Denotified communities, Basic of labeling as ST and SC according to Constitution Tribal problems and welfare measures relating to Development Strategies (Plan /Sub-Plans). Special Programmes :Large-Scale Agricultural Multipurpose Societies (LAMPS) Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) Community Development Project (CDP) Integrated Rural Development Project (IRDP) Spcial Component Plan for SC; Tribal Youth Self Employment Scheme (TRYSEM) Reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Role of voluntary organization in development Tribal movements-Revivalistic/Nativistic population displacement due to development scheme such as dam construction Indian Society and Culture:Caste as a group and as a system of social segmentation. Caste in modern India, Changing dimensions of caste Concept : Little and Great tradition, universalisation and parochilisation, Dominant caste, Sanckritisation and westernization, sacred complex. Indian Masters N.K. Bose D.N. Majumdar Verrier Elwin M.N. Srinivas S.C. Dube L.P. Vidhyarthi Anthropological approaches in community, Study, Health Natural health, Promotion and disease control programmes such as population control, Nutrition, Mother and Child health, Health Education, Leprosy, TB, AIDS, etc. Anthropology in Education and Communication Rural development Gender Perspectives Relocation, Rehabilitation - Earthquakes, Floods, Disasters. (21) - euksfoKku izk;ksfxd euksfoKku rFkk lacaf/kr {ks=%& euksfoKku dh fo’k;oLrq] izd`fr ,oa fo’k; {ks=A O;ogkj ds v/;;u ls lEcfU/kr i)fr;kW ¼fof/k;kW½] “kkL=h; euksHkkSfrd fof/k;kW] ladsr &laKkiu fl}karA Øe'k% ( 25 ) 1- 2- 34- 5- 6- 7- 1. 2. 3. vo/kku& izd`fr] izdkj] fu/kkZjdA p;ukRed] vo/kku] vo/kku ,oa O;o/kku izR;{k.k% izdf` r] fu/kkZjd] izR;{k.k dk xsLVkWYVoknh n`f’Vdks.kA izRz ;{k.kkRed izfrj{k.kA vf/kxe& izR;;] vf/kxe ds fl)kar] fLduj] gy] VkWyesu] xqFkjh] iaoykWoh vuqc/a ku ds vk/kkjHkwr fl)karA ofpd vf/kxe] Lej.k dh fof/k;k¡] Le`fr eas vFkkZRed laxzg.k] vYidkyhu o nh/kZdkyhu Le`frA Le`fr ds fl)kar] Le`fr fpUg fl)kar] vojks/k fl)kar] neu fl)karA ekuoh; vfHkizsj.k & varuksZn vko';drk] izyksHku rFkk mn~nhiu ds izR;;A miyfC/k vfHkizjs .k ekuoh; vfHkizsj.k dk ekiu@laosx izd`fr ,oa la?kVd@tsEl ykWts o dsuu ckMZ ds laox s fl)karA cqf) ds izR;; & LFkkiuk gsrq lS)kafrd mikxeA cqf) dk ekiu] l`tukRedrk] izR;; o mldk ekiu fpUru] rdZ.kk] leL;k lek/kku izR;;u&fuekZ.kA KkukRed fodkl eas fi;kts dk n`f"Vdks.kA O;fDrRo ds v/;;u ds izfr mikxe] O;fDrRo ds ewy vk/kkjA O;fDrRo dk ekiu fu/kkZj.k & ekiuh] iz{s k.k] ijh{k.k rFkk O;fDrRo iz'ukofy;k¡ rFkk iz{ksi.k izfof/k;kas ij O;kid foLrkj;qDr egRoA O;fDrRo ds fl)kar& euksfo'ys"k.koknh o lkekftd ,oa euksoK S kfud fl)karA lkekU; o vlkekU; O;ogkj] izR;; o ekin.MA vlkekU;rk ds y{k.k o dkj.kA vlkekU; O;ogkj dk oxhZdj.k] euLrki] euksfod`fr] vkafxd euksfod`frA euksfpfdRlk & izd`fr euksfpfdRlk dh izfØ;kA euksfpfdRlkRed i)fr;k¡A lEeksgu&fpfdRlk] jksxh dsfUnzr] lewg&fpfdRlkA ekufld LokLF; o ekuflad jksxkas dh jksdFkkeA lkekthdj.k o O;fDr izR;{k.kA xq.kjksi.k fl)karA usrR` o rFkk vuqu;kRed lEizs"k.kA iwokZxzg o :f<+;qfDrA Hkkjr eas lkekftd ruko jk"Vªh; ,dhdj.k ds euksoK S kfud dkjdA izlkekftd O;ogkjA euksfoKku ds lEiznk;% lajpukokn] izdk;Zokn] xsLVkWYVkokn] O;ogkjokn] euksfo'ys"k.koknA m|ksx eas deZpkjh & p;u dk;Z dh okrkoj.kkRed n'kk,W o muds vkS|ksfxd dk;Zd'q kyrk ls lac/a k] O;ogkj] fo'ys"k.k] nq?kZVuk,W dkj.k o jksdFkke vkfFkZd o vukfFkZd izyksHku] laxBu] lapkyu dk vk/kqfud fl)karA 'kS{kf.kd o O;kolkf;d funsZ'ku ds fl)kar o izfof/k;kW] euksoSKkfud ijh{k.k vijh{k.k izfof/k;ka ijke'kZ ds mikxe ijke'kZ lk{kkRdkj] vlk/kkj.k ckydkas dh f'k{kk] izfrHkk'kkyh ,oa ekufld :i ls fiNM+s ckydkas ds fo’ks”k lanHkZ eas f'k{kk leL;k] midYiuk dh izd`fr rFkk egRo% ifjoR;Z ¼oj½ ,oa mudk fu;a=.kA izk;ksfxd vfHkdYi] lkaf[;dh dk egRo] dsUnzh; izo`fRr ,oa lglaca/kA iSjkWesfVªd o uku&isjkesfVªd izfof/k;kas ls ifjdYiuk ijh{k.kA 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. (21) - PSYCHOLOGY Experimental Psychology and related fields:- Subject matter 2. of psychology Nature & Scope, Methods related to the study of behaviors, Classical Psychophysical Methods, Signal Detection Theory, Attention- Nature, Kind Determinants, Selective attention, Attention & Distraction Perception Nature Determinants Gestalt view of Perception, Perceptual Defence. Learning- Concept Theories of Learning, Skinner, Hull, Tolman, Guthrie. Fundamental Principles of Pavlovian Conditioning, verbal learning, Methods of Memorizing. Semantic stor3. age in memory, STM & LTM. Theories of Memory-Memory Trace Theory, Interference theory and repression theory. Human Motivation :- Concept of Drive, need, incentive & arousal. Achievement motivation. Measurement of Human Motivation. Emotion nature and Component. James lange Cannon Bard Theories of Emotion. Intelligence- Theoretical approaches towards conceptualization of intelligence:- Measurement of intelligence. Creativity concept & its measurement. Thinking reasoning, problem solving, concept formation. Piagetian view on cognitive development. Approaches of the study of personality, basic foundation of personality. Assessment of Personality, Rating scales, Observation, test & personality inventories with detailed emphasis on projective techniques. Theories of personality:- psychoanalytic, Social, Psychological theories of personality. Normal and abnormal behavior concept & criteria, symptoms & causes of abnormality. Classification of abnormal behavior psychoneurosis, psychosis, organic psychosis. Psychotherapy Nature & Process of Psychotherapy:- Psychotherapeutic Methods. Hypnotherapy, client centered, groups therapy mental Health & Prevention of mental Disorders. Socialization & person perception . Attribut i on theory Leadership & Persuasive Communication. Prejudice & Stereotypes. Social Tension in India Psychological factors in national integration. Prosocial behavior. Schools of psychology Structuralism, Functionalism, Gestalt, Behaviorism, Psychonalysis. Personnel Selection in industry, working condition, its relation to industrial efficiency. Job analysis, accident causes & prevention. Financial & non financial incentive. Modern theory of organization management. Principles & techniques of educational & vocational guidance. Psychological tests, non-testing devices. Approaches to Conunselling Conunselling interview, Education of exceptional children with special reference to gifted & mentally retarded children. Nature & Importance of Problem, Hypothesis:- Variables & its control. Experimental design. Importance of statistics, central tendency and correlation, Hypothesis testing by Parametric & Non Parametric methods. (22) - COMPUTER SCIENCE Discrete Structures Sets. Relations, Functions. Pigeonhole Principle, InclusionExclusion Principle. Equivalence and Partial Orderings, Elementary Counting Techniques. Probability. Measure(s) for information and Mutual information. Computability : Models of computation-Finite Automata, Pushdown Automata. Non-determinism and NFA. DPDA and PDAs and Languages accepted by these structures. Grammars. Languages, Noncomputability and Examples of non-computable problems. Graph: Definition, walks, paths, trails, connected graphs, regular and bipartite graphs, cycles and circuits. Tree and rooted tree. Spanning trees. Eccentricity of a vertex radius and diameter of a graph. Central Graphs. Centre (s) of a tree. Hamiltonian and Eulerian graphs. Planar graphs. Groups : Finite fields and Error correcting/detecting codes. Computer Arithmetic Propositional (Boolean) Logic, Predicate Logic, Well-formedformulae (WFF), I Satisfiability and Tautology. Logic Families: TTL, RTL and C-MOS gates. Boolean algebra and Minimization of Boolean functions. Flip-flops-types, race condition and comparison. Design of combinational and sequential circuits. Representation of numbers : Octal, Hexa. Decimal, and Binary. 2’s complement and l’s complement arithmetic. Floating point representation. Programming in C and C++ Programming in C: Elements of C-Tokens, identifiers, data types in C. Control structures in C. Sequence, selection and iteration(s). Structured data types in C-arrays, function, union, structure, and pointers. O-O Programming Concepts : Class, Object, Instantiation Øe'k% ( 26 ) 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Inheritance, polymorphism and overloading. C++ Programming: Elements of C++-Tokens, identifiers. Variables and constants, Data types, Operators, Control statements. Functions parameter passing. Class and objects. Constructors and destructors. Overloading, Inheritance, Templates, Exception Handling. Relational Database Design and SQL E-R diagrams and their transformation to relational design, normalization-INF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF and 4NF. Limitations of 4NF 10. and BCNF. SQL : Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL) commands.- Database objects like-Views, indexes, sequences, synonyms, data dictionary. Data and File Structures Data. Information, Definition of data structure. Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, graphs, priority queues and heaps. File Structures : Fields, records and files. Sequential, direct, indexsequential and elactive files. Hashing, inverted lists and multi-lists. B trees and B + trees. Computer Networks Network fundamentals : Local Area Networks (LAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), Wireless Networks, Inter Networks. Reference Models : The OSI Model,: TCP/IP model. Data Communication : Channel capacity. Transmission mediatwisted pair, coaxial cables, fibre-optic cables, wireless transmission radio, microwave, infrared and millimeter waves. Light wave transmission. Telephones-local loops, trunks, multiplexing, switching, narrowband ISDN, broadband ISDN, ATM, High speed LANS. Cellular Radio. Communication satellites-geosynchronous and loworbit. Internet working : Switch/Hub, Bridge, Router, Gateways, Concatenated virtual circuits. Tunnelling, Fragmentation, Firewalls. Routing : Virtual circuits and datagrams. Routing algorithms. Conjestion control. Network Security : Cryptography-public key, secret key. Domain Name System (DNS)-Electronic Mail and Worldwide Web (WWW). The DNS, Resource Records, Name servers. E-mail architecture and Serves. System Software and Compilers Assembly language fundamentals (8085 based assembly language programming). Assemblers-2-pass and single-pass, Macros and macroprocessors, Loading, linking, relocation, program relocatability, Linkage editing, Text editors, Programming Environments, Debuggers and program generators, Compilation and Interpretation, Bootstrap compilers, Phases of compilation process, Lexical analysis, Lex package on Unix system, Context free grammars, Parsing and parse trees, Representation of parse (derivation) trees as rightmost and leftmost derivations, Bottom up parserss-shift-reduce, operator precedence and LR. YACC package on Unix system, Topdown parsers-left recursion and its removal, Recursive descent parser, Predictive parser, Intermediate codes-Quadruples, Triples, Intermediate code generation, Code generation, Code optimization Operating Systems (with Case Study of Unix) Main functions of operating systems. Multiprogramming, multiprocessing and multitasking. Memory Management: Virtual memory, paging, fragmentation. Concurrent Processing : Mutual exclusion. Critical regions, lock and unlock. Scheduling : CPU scheduling, I/O scheduling, Resource scheduling/Deadlock and scheduling algorithms, Banker’s algorithm for deadlock handling. Unix The Unix System : File system, process management, bourne shell, shell variables, command line programming, Fitters and Commands: Pr, head, tail, cut, paste, sort, uniq, tr, join, etc., grep, egrep, fgrep, etc., sed, awk, etc. System Calls (Like) : Creat, open, close, read, write, iseek, link, unlink, stat. fstat, umask, chmod, exec, fork, wait, system. Software Engineering System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) : Steps, Water fall model. Prototypes, Spiral model. Software Metrics : Software Project Management. Software Design : System design, detailed design, function oriented design, object oriented design, user interface design. Design level metrics. Coding and Testing : Testing level metrics. Software quality and reliability. Clean room approach, software reengineering. Current Trends and Technologies Topics of current interest in Computer Science and Computer Applications Parallel Computing, Parallel virtual machine (pvm) and message passing interface (mpi) libraries and calls. Advanced architectures, Today’s fastest computers, Mobile Computing, Mobile connectivity-Cells, Framework, wireless delivery technology and switching methods, mobile information access devices, mobile data internetworking standards, cellular data communication protocols, mobile computing applications, Mobile databases-protocols, scope, tools and technology. M-business. E-Technologies Electronic Commerce : Framework, Media Convergence of Applications, Consumer Applications, Organization Applications. Electronic Payment Systems : Digital Token, Smart Cards, Credit Cards. Risks in Electronic Payment System, Designing Electronic payment Systems.Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) : Concepts, Applications, (Legal, Security and Privacy) issues, EDI and Electronic Commerce, Standardization and EDI, EDI Software Implementation, EDI Envelope for Message Transport, InternetBased EDI.Digital Libraries and Data Warehousing : Concepts, Types of Digital documents, Issues behind document Infrastructure, Corporate Data Warehouses. Software Agents : Characteristics and Properties of Agents, Technology behind Software Agents (Applets, Browsers and Software Agents) Broadband Telecommunications : Concepts, Frame Relay, Cell Relay, Switched Multimegabit Data Service, Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Main concepts in Geographical Information System (GIS), E-cash, E-Business, ERP packages. Data Warehousing : Data. Warehouse environment, architecture of a data warehouse methodology, analysis, design, construction and & administration. Data Mining: Extracting models and patterns from large databases, data mining techniques, classification, regression, clustering, summarization, dependency modeling, link analysis, sequencing analysis, mining scientific and business data. Windows Programming: Introduction to Windows programming—Win32, Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), Documents and views, Resources, Message handling in windows. Simple Applications (in windows): Scrolling, splitting views, docking toolbars, status bars, common dialogs. Advanced Windows Programming: Multiple Document Interface (MDI), Multithreading. Object linking and Embedding (OLE). Active X controls. Active Template Library (ATL). Network programming, Combinational Circuit Design, Sequential Circuit Design, Hardwired and Microprogrammed processor design, Instruction formats. Addressing modes, Memory types and organization, Interfacing peripheral devices. Interrupts. Microprocessor architecture, Instruction set and Programming (8085,P-III/P_IV). Microprocessor applications. Database Concepts, ER diagrams, Data Models, Design of Relational Database, Normalisation. SQL and QBE. Query Processing and Optimisation, Centralised and Distributed Database. Security, Concurrency and Recovery in Centralised and Distributed Database Systems, Object Oriented Database Management Systems (Concepts. Composite objects. Integration with RDBMS applications), ORACLE. Display systems, Input devices, 2D Geometry, Graphic operations, 3D Graphics. Animation, Graphic standard, Applications. Concepts, Storage Devices, Input Tools, Authoring Tools, Application, Files, Programming language concepts, paradigms and models, Data, Data types, Operators, Expressions, Assignment, Flow of Control-Control structures, I/O statements, User-defined and Øe'k% ( 27 ) builtin functions, Parameter passing, Principles, classes, inheritance, class hierarchies, polymorphism,. dynamic binding, reference semantics and their implementation, Principles, functions, lists, types and polymorphisms, higher order functions, lazy evaluation, equations and pattern matching, Principles, horn clauses and their execution, logical variables, relations, data structures, controlling the search order, program development in prolog, implementation of prolog, example programs in prolog, Principles of parallelism, coroutines, communication and execution, Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) and Message Passing Interface (MPI) routines and calls, parallel programs in PVM paradigm as well as MPI paradigm for simple problems like matrix multiplication, Preconditions, post-conditions, axiomatic approach for semantics, correctness, denotation semantics. Compiler structure, compiler construction tools, compilation phases. Finite Automata, Pushdown Analog and Digital transmission. Asynchronous and Synchronous transmission, Transmission media, Multiplexing and Concentration. Switching techniques. Polling. Topologies. Networking Devices, OSI Reference Model, Protocols for-(i) Data link layer, (ii) Network layer, and (iii) Transport layer, TCP/IP protocols. Networks security, Network administration. Definition, Simple and Composite structures, Arrays, Lists. Stacks queues. Priority queues, Binary trees, B-trees, Graphs. Sorting and Searching Algorithms, Analysis of Algorithms, Interpolation and Binary Search. Asymptotic notationsbig ohm, omega and theta. Average case analysis of simple programs like finding of a maximum of n elements. Recursion and its systematic removal. Quicksort-Non-recursive implementation with minimal stack storage. Design of Algorithms (Divide and Conquer, Greedy method. Dynamic programming, Back tracking. Branch and Bound). Lower bound theory, Nondeterministic algorithm, Non-deterministic programming constructs. Simple non-deterministic programs. NP hard and NPcomplete Problems. Object, messages, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, aggregation, abstract classes, generalization as extension and restriction, Object oriented design, Multiple inheritance, metadata. HTML, DHTML, XML, Scripting, Java, Servelets, Applets. Software development models, Requirement analysis and specifications, Software design, Programming techniques and tools, Software validation and quality assurance techniques, Software maintenance and advanced concepts, Software management. Introduction, Memory management. Support for concurrent process. Scheduling, System deadlock, Multiprogramming system. I/O management, Distributed operating systems, Study of Unix and Windows NT. Definition AI approach for solving problems. Automated Reasoning with Prepositional logic and predicate logic— fundamental proof procedure, refutation, resolution, refinements to resolution (ordering/ pruning/restriction Strategic). State space representation of problems, bounding functions, breadth first, depth first. A, A*. AO*. etc. Performance comparison of various search techniques. Frames, scripts, semantic nets, production systems, procedural representations. Prolog programming. Components of an expert system, Knowledge representation and Acquisition techniques. Building expert system and Shell. RTNs, ATNs, Parsing of Ambiguous CFGs. Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAGs). Systems approach to planning, Designing, Development, Implementation and Evaluation of MIS. Decision-making processes, evaluation of DSS, Group decision support system and case studies, Adaptive design approach to DSS development, Cognitive style in DSS; Integrating expert and Decision support systems. (23) - BIO-TECHNOLOGY Cell and Molecular Biology Cell Theory, Structure and biodiversity of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. Cell motility-cilia, flagella of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Cellular organelles- Plasma membrane, cell wall, their structural organization; Mitochondria; Chloroplast, Nucleus and other organelles and their organization. Cell cycle-molecular events and model systems, DNA Structure and Replication - Prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Mechanism of DNA replication, Enzymes and accessory proteins involved in DNA replication. DNA Repair and Recombination, Transcription and Translation - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Antisense and Ribozyme technology. Molecular Mapping of genome - Genetic and Physical maps, physical mapping and map - based cloning, choice of mapping population. Genome Sequencing. Microbial Physiology and Genetics Microbial Evolution, Systematics and Taxonomy - New approaches to bacterial taxonomy classification including ribotyping; Ribosomal RNA sequencing; Characteristics of primary domains nom enclature and Bergey’s Manual. Microbial Growth - The definition of growth, mathematical expression of growth, growth curve, measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture; Growth affected by environment factors like temperature, acidity, alkalinity, water availability and oxygen; Prokaryotic structure and Diversity of Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses, Eukaryotic structure and Diversity of Algae, Fungi, Protozoa. Microbial diseases - Infectious disease transmission; Virulence and Pathogenesis. Tuberculosis; Sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS; Diseases transmitted by animals (rabies, plague), insects and ticks (Rickettsias, Lime disease, malaria) food and water borne diseases. Antibiotics, Mendel’s laws of genetics; Fine structure of gene, Gene - Types of genes, Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic and Viral genes. Mutation, Types of mutations. Changes in Chromosome number and structure, Genetic disorder and syndromes, Bacterial, Genetic system; Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction, Viruses and their Genetic system. Biomolecules and Enzymology and Instrumentation, Amino acids and peptides. Sugar, Lipids, Protein, Enzyme - classification, chemical reactions and physical properties. Principles and application of Microscopy, Centrifugation, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry and densitometry, Thermocycler, DNA sequencer RIA and autoradiography in biology, ELISA, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Nanotechnology, Genetic Engineering, Scope of Genetic Engineering, Molecular tools and their application - Restriction enzymes, modification enzymes, DNA and RNA markers. Gene cloning vectors; Plasmids, bacteriophages, phagemids, cosmids, artificial chromosomes, protein engineering, cDNA synthesis and cloning, T - DNA and transposon tagging, Gene therapy; Vector engineering. Strategies of gene delivery, gene replacement/augmentation, Gene correction, gene editing, gene regulation and silencing. Biology of Immune System Introduction - Phylogeny of immune system, innate and acquired immunity, Clonal nature immune response. Organization and structure of lymphoid organs. Nature and biology of antigens and super antigens. Antibody structure and function, Antigen - antibody interaction, major histocompatibility complex. Cells of immune system - Hematopoiesis and differentiation, Lymphocyte traffic, B - lymphocyte, T - lymphocyte. Macrophages Eosinophils, Neutrophils and Mast cells. Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity, Hybridoma Technology and Monoclonal antibodies, Transplantation; Tumor immunology. Øe'k% ( 28 ) Immunity to infectious agents (intracellular parasites, helminthes and viruses), AIDS and other immuno deficiencies. Bioprocess Engineering and Technology Fermentation, Types of fermentation process, Measurement and control of bioprocess parameters. Downstream processing; Intoduction, removal of microbial cell and solid matter, foam separation, precipitation, filtration, centrifugation, cell disruption, liquid extraction chromatography. Membrane process Drying and crystallization, Effluent treatment; D.O.C. and C.O.D. treatment and disposal of effluents. Food technology; Elementary idea of canning and packing, Sterilization and pasteurization of food products, technology of typical food/food products (bread, cheese), Food preservation. I. Environmental Biotechnology Environment; Basic concepts and issues, Environmental Pollution and Types of pollution, pollution and its control through Biotechnology, Microbiology of waste water treatments, Microbiology of degradation of Xenobiotics in Environment, Biopesticides in integrated pest management. Solid wastes; Sources and management (composting, wormiculture and methane production). Global Environmental Problems; Ozone depletion, UV – B, green house – effect and acid rain, their impact and biotechnological approaches for management. Role of National organization in Biotechnology, IPR. Plant Biotechnology Cell, suspension and tissue culture, tissue culture as a technique to produce New plants and hybrids, Tissue culture media (composition and preparation), Organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis. Shoot - tip culture; Rapid clonal propagation and production of virus free plant, Embryo culture and embryo rescue. Anther, pollen and ovary culture for production of Haploid plants and homozygous lines protoplast isolation, culture and fusion; selection of hybrid cells and regeneration of hybrid plants; symmetric and asymmetric hybrids, cybrids. Cryopreservation, DNA banking for germplasm, conservation plant transformation technology and application, Molecular marker - RFLP maps, linkage analysis, RAPD markers, STS, microsatellites, SCAR (Sequence characterized amplified regions), SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism), AFLP, QTL. Map based cloning, molecular marker assisted selection. Animal Biotechnology, Structure and organization of animal cell, Primary and established cell line cultures, Serum & protein free defined media and their application, Biology and characterization of the cultured cells, measuring parameters of growth, Cell cloning and micromanipulation, Application of animal cell culture, Stem cell cultures, embryonic stem cells and their applications, Organ and histotypic cultures cell culture based vaccines, apoptosis. (24) - laLd`r lkfgR; II. _Xosn lwDr bUnz 2 &12&15 ea=] m"kl~ 7&77&6] iw"ku~ 6&53&10 ea=A o:.k 7&86&8 ea=] ljekif.k 10&108&11 ea=A 'kqDy ;tqoZsn oktlus;h ek/;fUnu 'kk[kk & iq:"k lwDr 31&1&16 ea=] f'ko ladYi lwDr 3-&4&16 ea=A vFkoZosn lwDr & es?kktuu lwDr 1&1&4] jk"VªlHkk lwDr 7&12&4 ea=A mifu”kn~ bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn~ lEiw.kZ fu:Dr ¼v/;k; 1 rFkk 2½ ikf.kuh; f'k{kk ¼lEiw.kZ½ jlxM~xk/kj% jl fu:i.kkar% if.Mrjkt txUukFk fojfpr% dkO;'kksHkk] jl'kksHkk p xq.kizdj.kek=e~ foØekM~dnsopfjre~] izdk'kd&lkfgR; HkaMkj] esjB ¼izFkelxZ½ /oU;kyksd% ¼vkuaano/kZukpk;Zd`r½ izFke m|ksr] f}rh; m|ksr rdZ Hkk"kkA dkO;kn'kZ ¼izFke ifjPNsn½ vkpk;Z n.Mhd`r dkO;kyadkj izFke ifjPNsn ¼vkpk;Z Hkkegd`r½ es/knwre~ & ¼lEiw.kZ½ ¼dkfynkld`r½ mRrjjkepfjre~ & lEiw.kZ ¼HkoHkwfr½ j?kqoa'ke~ & ¼izFke ,oa f}rh; lxZ½ ¼dkfynkl d`r½ (25) - INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY Object Oriented Programming with ‘C++’ :Introduction to OOP Advantages of OOP, The Object Oriented Approach, and Characteristics of object oriented languages- Object, Classes, Inheritance, Reusability, and Polymorphism. OMT. Language Fundamental Overview of C++: History of C++, Data Types - int, float, char, double, void. Constant and Variables. Operators and Expression: Arithmetic Operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Conditional Operators, Bitwise Operators. Control constructor: if , ifelse, nested if-else, while(), do-while() , for(;;), break, continue, switch, goto. Storage class. Structure and Function Structures : A Simple structures ,specify the structures, Defining a structure variable, Accessing structures member. Enumeration data type. Function: Function Declaration, Calling Function, Function Defintion, Passing Argument to function, Passing Constant, Passing Value, Reference Argument, Passing struct variable, Overloaded Function, Inline Function, Default Argument, return statement, returning by reference. Array: Defining array, array element , initiation array, multi dimensional array, passing array to function. Object Classes and Inheritance Object and Class, Using the class, class construct, class destructors, object as function argument, struct and classes, array as class member, operator overloading. Type of inheritance, Derive class, Base class. Access specifier: protected. Overriding, member function, String, Templates. Pointers and Virtual Function Pointers: & and * operator pointer variables, pointer to void, pointer and array, pointer and function, pointer and string, memory management, new and delete, pointer to object, pointer to pointer, link list.Virtual Function: Virtual Function, Virtual member function, accesses with pointer, Late binding, pure virtual function, Friend function, Friend class, static function, this pointer. File and Stream C++ streams, Stream class, string I/O, char I/O, Object I/O, I/ O with multiple object, File pointer, Disk I/O, Mathematical Foundation :Mathematical Logic, Sets Relations and functions Mathematical Logic : Notations, Algebra of Propositions & Propositional functions, logical connectives, Truth values & Truth table, Tautologies & Contradictions, Normal Forms, Predicate Calculus, Quantifiers. Set Theory: Sets, Subsets, Power sets, Complement, Union and Intersection, De-Morgan’s law, Cardinality, Relations: Cartesian Products, relational Matrices, properties of relations, equivalence relation, functions: Injection, Surjection, Bijection, Composition, of Functions, Permutations, Cardinality, the characteristic functions recursive definitions, finite induction. Lattices & Boolean Algebra Lattices : Lattices as Algebraic System, Sub lattices, some special Lattices (Complement, Distributive, Modular). Øe'k% ( 29 ) III. IV. Boolean Algebra : Axiomatic definitions of Boolean algebra as algebraic structures with two operations, Switching Circuits. Groups Fields & Ring Groups : Groups, axioms, permutation groups, subgroups, cosets, normal subgroups, free subgroups, grammars, language. Fields & Rings : Definition , Structure, Minimal Polynomials, Irreducible Polynomials, Polynomial roots & its Applications. Graphs Graphs : Simple Graph, Multigraph & Psuedograph, Degree of a Vertex, Types of Graphs, Sub Graphs and Isomorphic Graphs, Operations of Graphs, Path, Cycles and Connectivity, Euler and Hamilton Graph, Shortest Path Problems BFS (Breadth First Search), Dijkastra’s Algorithm, Representation of Graphs, Planar Graphs, Applications of Graph Theory. Trees Trees : Trees, Properties of trees, pendant vertices in a tree, center of tree, Spanning tree, Binary tree, Tree Traversal, Applications of trees in computer science. Basics concept of IT, concept of data and information, Data processing, History of computer, Data processing, organization of computers and input and output device, storage device, and file organization. Essentials of Information Technology :V. Introduction Basics concept of IT, concept of data and information, History of computer, Data Processing, Generations of Computers, organization of computers, Input and Output devices, storage devices and file organization. Software concept System software, application software, utility package, compilers, and interpreters, operating system, elementary command of DOS, UNIX and WINDOWS (file handling directory, management and general purpose user interfacing command). Computer languages Machine languages, assembly languages, high level languages, 4th generation languages, general purpose, concept of oops and SQL Communication and network technology Communication and system elements, communication mode (Analog and Digital, Synchronous and Asynchronous, Simplex, Half duplex, Full duplex, circuit switching), communication media (Speed and capacity, twisted pair, coaxial cable, optics, wireless), common network, protocols (ISO/OS, reference model, TCP/IP). Internet Technical foundation of Internet- Client server computing, Distributed Computing, Domain naming system, DNS Server, Internet Security - Fire walls, Encryptions etc. Internet Applications - E-mail, WWW, E-commerce, Teleconferencing, Application of Information Technology - State of Art, Application of IT, Application of IT in business, Industry, home, education and training entertainment, science and engineering and medicine. Data Structure through Algorithms :Introduction and Preliminaries Introduction, Basic terminology, Elementary data organization, Data structure, Data structure operation, Algorithms : complexity, time-space Tradeoff, Mathematical Notation and functions, Algorithmic Notation, Control Structures, Complexity of Algorithms, Sub algorithms, Variables, Data Type. String Processing, Arrays, Records And Pointers - Basic Terminology, Storing String, Character Data Type, String Operations, Word Processing, Pattern Matching Algorithms. Linear Array, Representation of linear Array in Memory, Traversing Linear Arrays, Inserting And Deleting, Sorting: Bubble Sort, Searching: Liner Search, Binary Search, Multidimensional Array, Pointers: Pointer Array, Records: Record Structures, Rep- resentation of Records in Memory; Parallel Arrays, Matrices, Sparse Matrices. Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues, Recursion Linked list, Representation of linked lists in memory, Traversing a linked list, Searching a linked list, Memory Allocation; Garbage Collection, Insertion into a linked List, Deletion from a Linked List, Header Linked List, Two- Way Linked Lists. Stacks, Array Representation of Stack, Arithmetic Expressions; Polish Notation, Quicksort, an application of Stacks, Recursion, Tower of Hanoi, Implementation of Recursive Procedures by Stacks, Queues, Deques, Priority Queues. Trees & Graphs Binary Trees, Representing Binary Trees in Memory, Traversing binary tree, Traversal Algorithms using stacks, header nodes; threads, Binary Search Tree, Searching and Inserting in Binary Search Tree, Deleting in Binary Search tree, Heap; Heap sort, Path Lengths; Huffmans Algorithms, General Tree. Graph Theory Terminology, Sequential Representation of Graph; Adjacency Matrix, Path Matrix, Linked Representation of Graph. Sorting And Searching Sorting, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort, Merging, Merge Sort, Radix Sort, Searching and data modification, hashing. Operating System (with Linux as case Study) :Introduction: Operating system, basic concept, terminology, batch processing, spooling, multiprogramming, time sharing, real time systems, protection, multiprocessor system, operating system as resource manager, process view point, memory management, process management, device management and information management, other views of operating system, historical, functional job control language and supervisor service control. Memory Management: Preliminaries of memory management, memory handling in M/ C, relocation, swapping and swap time calculation, multiple partitions, partitioned allocation MFT, fragmentation, MVT, compaction, paging, job scheduling implementation of page tables, shared page, virtual memory-overlays, concepts of virtual memory demand page, memory management and performance, page replacement and page replacement algorithms. Allocation algorithms. Storage hierarchy disk and drum scheduling - physical characteristics fcfs scheduling SCAN, short of seek time first disk scheduling algorithms sector queuing. Information Management (File System) : File concept, file type, typed based system, disk based system, general model of file system, file directory maintenance, symbolic file system, basic file system, physical file system, file support device directory, access methods free space management contiguous, linked allocation and indexed allocation performances. Processor Management ( CPU Scheduling) : Reviewing of multiprogramming concept, scheduling concept, basic concept, CPU I/O burst cycle process state, PCB ( Programme Control Block) scheduling queries, schedulers, scheduling algorithms – performance criteria, first-come - first served shortest job - first priority, preemptive algorithm, round robin, multilevel queues and multilevel feedback queues, algorithm evolution, multiprocessor scheduling , separate system, coordinated job scheduling, master / slave scheduling. Dead Locks : The dead lock problem - dead lock definition, dead lock detection, detection algorithm usage, dead lock characterization, resource allocation graph, dead lock prevention, mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption and circular wait, dead lock avoidance-bankers algorithm. Recovery from deadlock process termination, resource preemption, combined approach to deadlock handling. Unix (Operating System) : Øe'k% ( 30 ) VI. History, design principle, programmer interface, user interface, file system, process management, I/O system, interprocess communication. Device Management : Dedicated, shared and virtual devices, sequential access and direct access device, channel and control units, I/O schedulers. Introduction to assembly language programming, introduction to I/O programming, introduction to interrupts and their programming. Programming in Java & HTML :Introduction to java programming An overview of Java: Object Oriented Programming, Features of Java, Java Virtual Machine, Java Environment: Java Development Kit, Java Standard Library, Data Types, Variables: Declaring a variable, Dynamic Initialization, The scope and life time of variable, Type conversion and Casting: Narrowing and Widening Conversions, Numeric Promotions, Type Conversion Contexts; Operators: Arithmetic Operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Bit wise Operators, Conditional Operators, new operator, [ ] and instance of operator. Control Statements: Java’s Selection statement, Iteration Statement, Jump Statement, Array: Declaring Array variables, Constructing an Array, Initializing an Array, Multidimensional Arrays, Anonymous Arrays. Define the Class and interface Introducing Classes: Class Fundamentals, Declaring Object, Assigning Object Reference Variables, Defining Methods, method overloading, Using objects as parameter, Constructors, Garbage collection, finalize () method. Inheritance: Inheritance basic, method overloading, object reference this and super, Chaining constructor using this () and super (), Member accessibility modifier: public, protected, default accessibility of member, private protected, private, Package: Define package, CLASSPATH, importing package, Interface: Define an interface, implementing interface, extending interface, variable in interface, Overview of nested class: Top level nested class and interface, Non static inner class, Local class, Anonymous class. Exception handling and Multithreading Exception Handling: Exception types, Uncaught Exception, Using try and catch, multiple catch, nested try block, throw, and throws, finally. Multithreading: creating thread, Thread priority, synchronization, thread Scheduler, Running & yielding, sleeping and waking up, waiting and notifying, suspend and resume, miscellaneous method in thread class. Input output, Networking and Fundamental class of java Object class, String class, StringBuffer class, Wrapper class, Math class, Collection: Collection interface, List interface, Set interface sorted interface, ArrayList class, LikedList class, TreeSet, Comparator, Vector, Stack. Input output classes and interface: File, BufferStream, CharacterStream, and Random Access for files, Object Sterilization. Networking: Socket overview, Client/Server, Proxy Server, Network class and interface, TCP/IP client socket, TCP/IP Server socket, URL Connection, Datagrams, DatagramPackets. Applet programming and AWT Applet: Applet and Application program, Creating Applets, Applet Life Cycle, Applet and Thread, Supplying Applet parameter, Using Images and Sound in Applets, JAR files, Applet Security. Introducing the AWT: Overview of the java.awt package, Component and Containers: Component, Container, Panel, Applet, Window, Frame, and Dialog classes. Working with Graphics, Working with Fonts, Working with Colors, GUI Control Com- VII. ponents: Button, Canvas, Checkbox and CheckboxGroup, Choice, List, Label, Scrollbar, TextField and TextArea, Frame, Menu Bars and Menu Layout Management: Layout Management Policies, FlowLayout, GridLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout, GridBagLayout, Customized Layout. Event Handling: Overview of Event Handling, Event Hierarchy, Event Delegation Model, Event Adapters, Low Level Event Processing. Advance features of java JDBC: JDBC/ODBC Bridge, The Driver manage class, the java.sql package, data manipulation: Insert, Update, Delete Record, Data navigation: ResultSet BDK: What is java Beans, Advantages of java Beans, the Bean Developer Kit, Jar Files, Introspection, Developing a New Bean, Using Bound Properties, Using BeanInfo interface, The java Beans API. HTML Basics & Web Site Design Principles Concept of a Web Site, Web Standards, What is HTML? HTML Versions, Naming Scheme for HTML Documents, HTML document/file, HTML Editor, Explanation of the Structure of the homepage, Elements in HTML Documents, HTML Tags, Basic HTML Tags, Comment tag in HTML, Viewing the Source of a web page, How to download the web page source? XHTML, CSS, Extensible Markup Language (XML), Extensible Style sheet language (XSL), Some tips for designing web pages, HTML Document Structure. HTML Document Structure-Head Section, Illustration of Document Structure,<BASE> E l e m e n t , < IS IN D E X > E l e m e n t , < LIN K > E l e m e n t , META,<TITLE> Element,<SCRIPT> Element, Practical Applications, HTML Document Structure-Body Section:-Body elements and its attributes: Background; Background Color; Text; Link; Active Link (ALINK); Visited Link (VLINK); Left margin; Top margin ,Organization of Elements in the BODY of the document: Text Block Elements; Text Emphasis Elements; Special Elements — Hypertext Anchors; Character-Level Elements; Character References ,Text Block Elements: HR (Horizontal Line); Hn (Headings) ; P (Paragraph); Lists; ADDRESS ; BLOCKQUOTE; TABLE; DIV (HTML 3.2 and up) ; PRE (Preformatted); FORM ,Text Emphasis Elements, Special Elements — Hypertext Anchors ,Character-Level Elements: line breaks (BR) and Images (IMG),Lists ,ADDRESS Element, BLOCKQUOTE Element, TABLE Element ,COMMENTS in HTML ,CHARACTER Emphasis Modes, Logical & Physical Styles ,Netscape, Microsoft and Advanced Standard Elements List, FONT, BASEFONT and CENTER. Image, Internal and External Linking between WebPages Netscape, Microsoft and Advanced Standard Elements List, FONT, BASEFONT and CENTER Insertion of images using the element IMG (Attributes: SRC (Source), WIDTH, HEIGHT, ALT (Alternative), ALIGN),IMG (In-line Images) Element and Attributes; Illustrations of IMG Alignment, Image as Hypertext Anchor, Internal and External Linking between Web Pages Hypertext Anchors, HREF in Anchors, Links to a Particular Place in a Document, NAME attribute in an Anchor, Targeting NAME Anchors, TITLE attribute, Practical IT Application Designing web pages links with each other, Designing Frames in HTML. Practical examples. Creating Business Websites with Dynamic Web Pages – Concept of static web pages and dynamic web pages, Introduction to scripting, Types of Scripting languages, Scripting Files, Client Side Scripting with VB/Jscript/ JavaScript, Practical examples of Client side scripting. Identifying Objects & Events, and Creating & Implementing Common Methods,. Hosting & promotion of the web site, Domain Name Registration, Web Space al location, Uploading / Downloading the website- FTP, cute FTP. Web Site Promotion Search Engines, Banner Advertisements. Computer System Architecture :Representation of Information Øe'k% ( 31 ) Number system, Integer & Floating point representation Character code (ASCII, EBCDIC), Error Detect and Correct code, Basic Building Blocks, Boolean Algebra, MAP Simplification, Combination Blocks, Gates, Multiplexers, Decoders, etc Sequential building block, flip-flop, registers, counters, ALU, RAM etc. Register transfer language and micro operations Concepts of bus, data movement along registers, a language to represent conditional data transfer, data movement from its memory, arithmetic and logical operations along with register transfer timing in register transfer Basic Computer Organization and Design Instruction code, Computer Instructions, Timing and Control, Execution of Instruction, Input and Output Interrupt, Design of IX. Computer. Computer Software Programming Language, Assembly Language, Assembler, Program Loops, Input/Output Programming, System Software. Central Processor Organization: - Processor Bus Organization, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Stack Organization, Instruction Formats, Addressing modes, Data transfer and Manipulation, Program Control, Microprocessor Organization, Parallel Processing,. Input -Output Organization Peripheral Devices, Input/Output Interface, Asynchronous Data Transfer, Direct Memory Access (DMA), Priority Interrupt, Input-Output Processor, Multiprocessor System Organization, and Data Communication Processor. Memory Organization Auxiliary Memory, Micro Computer Memory, Memory Hierarchy, Associative Memory, Virtual Memory, Cache Memory, Memory Management Hardware. VIII. RDBMS & ORACLE :Overview of Database Management Data, Information and knowledge, Increasing use of data as a corporate resource, data processing verses data management, file oriented approach verses database oriented approach to data management; data independence, database administration roles, DBMS architecture, different kinds of DBMS users, importance of data dictionary, contents of data dictionary, types X. of database languages. Data models: network, hierarchical, relational. Introduction to distributed databases, Client/Server databases, Object-oriented databases, Object-relational databases, Introduction to ODBC concept. Relational Model Entity - Relationship model as a tool for conceptual designentities attributes and relationships. ER diagrams; Concept of keys: candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key; Strong and weak entities, Case studies of ER modeling Generalization; specialization and aggregation. Converting an ER model into relational Schema. Extended ER features, Introduction to UML, Representation in UML diagram (Class Diagram etc.). Structured Query Language Relational Algebra: select, project, cross product different types of joins (inner join, outer joins, self join); set operations, Tuple relational calculus, Domain relational calculus, Simple and complex queries using relational algebra, stand alone and embedded query languages, Introduction to SQL constructs (SELECT…FROM, WHERE… GROUP BY… HAVING… ORDERBY….), INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, VIEW definition and use, Temporary tables, Nested queries, and correlated nested queries, Integrity constraints: Not null, unique, check, primary key, foreign key, references, triggers. Embedded SQL and Application Programming Interfaces. Relational Database DesignNormalization concept in logical model; Pitfalls in database design, update anomalies: Functional dependencies, Join dependencies, Normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF). Boyce Codd Nor- mal form, Decomposition, Multi-Valued Dependencies, 4NF, 5NF. Issues in physical design; Concepts of indexes, File organization for relational tables, De-normalization, Clustering of tables, Clustering indexes. Introduction to Query Processing and Protecting the Database Parsing, translation, optimization, evaluation and overview of Query Processing. Protecting the Data Base - Integrity, Security and Recovery. Domain Constraints, Referential Integrity, Assertion, Triggers, Security & Authorization in SQL. Data Organization File Organization: -Fixed length records, variable length records, Organization of records in files, Indexing: - indexed files -B-tree, B+-tree, and Hashing Techniques. Program Based Numerical Analysis :Solution of Polynomial and Transcendental Algebraic Equations Bisection method, Regulafalsi method & Newton’s method, Solution of Cubic & Biquadratic Equation, Complex roots of polynomial equations. Simultaneous Equations and Matrix Gauss-Jordan method, Cholesky’s method, Reduction to lower or upper Traingular forms, Inversion of matrix, method of partitioning, Characteristics equation of matrix, Power methods, Eigen values of matrix, Transformation to diagonal forms. Curve-Fitting from Observed Data Divided difference table for evenly or unevenly spaced data, polynomial curve-fitting - Newton’s, Gauss and Langranges form of interpolation and Divided Differences, method of least square for polynomials,. Numerical Differentiation and Integration Forward and Backword differential operators, Newton - cotes integration formula: Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s Rule, Boole’s Rule, Weddle Rule, Legendre’s rule, method of weighted coefficients. Solution of Differential Equations Numerical Solution of ordinary differential equations, one step method, Taylor’s Series, Predictor-Corrector Method, Euler’s Method, Runga-Kutta Method, Milne’s method. Computer Networking and Data Communication :Introduction to Computer Networking The Concept of Networking, Data Communication, Required network elements, The role of Standards Organization. Line Configuration, Various Topologies, Transmission Mode, Categories of Networks- LAN, MAN, WAN. The benefits of a Computer Networks. The OSI and TCP/IP Reference Model The Concept of Layered Architecture, Design Issues for the Layers. Interfaces and services, Detailed Functions of the Layers. Comparison between OSI and TCP/IP Reference model. Transmission of Digital Data Shannon’s and Nyquist theorems for maximum data rate of a channel. Transmission media- Coaxial, UTP, Fiber optic and wireless. Analog and digital data Transmission- parallel and serial transmission. DTE-DCE interface using RS-232C. Study of modems- 56k and Cable Modem. Modem standards. Multiplexing and Switching The Concept of Multiplexing- FDM, TDM, WDM. The Concept of Switching- Circuiting, Message switching, Packet switching. Data Link Layer and Routing Algorithms Line Discipline, Flow Control- stop and wait, sliding window, Go back N, Error Control- ARQ stop and wait, sliding window ARQ. HDLC, SLIP, PPP. Multiple access protocolsALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA/CD. IEEE standards for LAN’s and MAN’s. The IP protocol, and its header. IP address classes and subnet mask. The concept of ICMP, ARP, RARP, RSVP, CIDR and Ipv6. Øe'k% ( 32 ) XI. Routing algorithms- shorted path first, Distance Vector, Link State. Congestion Control-The leaky bucket and Token bucket Algorithms. Transport Layer XII. The Concept of client and Server in terms of Socket addressing in Transport layer. Two way and three-way handshaking. TCP header. Network Performance Issues. The Concept of Domain Name System, Various Resource Records. Architecture and services of E-mail (RFC-822 and MIME). The Concept of World Wide Web- server side and client side. ATM The concept of ATM, ATM Adoption layers- AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4, AAL5, Comparison of AAL protocols. Cell formats for UNI and NNI. Service Categories, Quality of service, Congestion Control in ATM. Comparative study of Networking Technologies X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, SONET, SMDS, ISDN. Network Security The Importance of Security in Networking. Traditional Cryptography, Data Encryption Standards, RSA algorithm. Programming in Visual Basic :Introduction to visual Basic Editions of Visual Basic, Event Driven Programming, Terminology, Working environment, project and executable files, Understanding modules, Using the code editor window, Other code navigation features, Code documentation and formatting, environment options, code formatting option, Automatic code completion features. Creating Programs Introduction to objects, Controlling objects, Properties, methods and events, Working with forms, Interacting with the user: MsgBox function, InputBox function, Code statements, Managing forms, Creating a program in Visual Basic, Printing. Variable and Procedures Overview of variables, Declaring, Scope, arrays, Userdefined data types, constants working with procedures, Working with dates and times, Using the Format function, Manipulating text strings. Controlling Program Execution Comparison and logical operators, If…Then statements, Select Case Statements looping structures, Using Do…Loop structures, For…Next statement, Exiting a loop. Working with Controls Types of controls, Overview of standard controls, Combo Box and List Box, Option Button and Frame controls Menu, Status bars, Toolbars, Advanced standard controls, ActiveX controls, XIII. Insertable objects, Validation. Error Trapping & Debugging Overview of run-time errors, error handling process, The Err object, Errors and calling chain, Errors in an error-handling routine, Inline error handling, Error-handling styles, General error-trapping options Type of errors, Break mode Debug toolbar, Watch window, Immediate window, Local window, Tracing program flow with the Call Stack. Sequential and Random Files: Saving data to file, basic filling, data analysis and file, the extended text editor, Random access file, the design and coding. Data Access Using the ADO Data Control Overview of ActiveX data Objects, Visual Basic data access features, Relational database concepts Using the ADO Data control to access data, Overview of DAO, RDO, Data Control, structured query language (SQL), Manipulating data Using Data Form Wizard. Report Generation: Overview of Report, Data Report, and Add groups, Data Environment, Connection to database Introduction to Crystal Report Generator. Advances Tools: XIV. Overview of drag and drop, Mouse events, Drag and drop basics, Date Time Control, Calendar, Print Dialog, MDI (Multiple Document Interface). Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems :General Issues and overview of AI : The AI problems; What is an AI technique; Characteristics of AI applications Problem solving, search and control strategies : General problem solving; production systems; control strategies: forward and backward and backward chaining Exhaustive searches: Depth first Breadth first search. Heuristic Search techniques : Hill climbing; Branch and Bound technique; Best first search and A* algorithm; AND/Or Graphs; problem reduction and AO* algorithm; constraint satisfaction problems. Game playing : Minimax search procedure; Alpha-Beta cutoffs; Additional Refinements. Knowledge Representation : First order predicate calculus; Skolemization Resolution principle and unification; Inference Mechanisms; Horn’s clauses; semantic Networks; frame systems and value inheritance. Scripts; conceptual dependency; AI Programmiing Languages : Introduction to Lisp, Syntax and Numeric functions; List manipulation functions; Iteration and Recursion; Property list and Arrays, Introduction to PROLOG. Natural language processing : Parsing technique; context-context- free grammar; Recursive Transition Nets (RTN); Augmented Transition Nets ((ATN); case and logic grammars; semantic analysis. Planning : Overview- An example Domain: The Blocks Word; Component of planning systems: Goal Stack Planning (linear planning); Non-linear planning using goal sets; probabilistic reasoning and Uncertainty; probability theory; Bayes Theorem and Bayesian networks; certainty factor. Expert Systems : Introduction to expert systems and Applications of expert systems; various expert system shells: vidwan; frame work; knowledge acquisition; case studies; MYCIN. Learning : Role learning; learning by induction; Explanation based learning. Introduction to .NET Technology :Inside the .NET framework : Overview of .net framework, Managed Execution process, CLR,JIT Compilation, MSIL, Assemblies, Common Type System , cross language, interoperability. Programming with .NET Framework XML, Accessing data , ADO.Net, Accessing Internet, Component Programming essentials and Throwing exceptions, Processing Transactions, Garbage Collection,Base types, working with I/O, Basic files. Building .NET framework applications : ASP.net Web Application, Web forms, Server controls, Introduction to windows forms, Design –Time Support. Debugging Optimizing and Profiling : Performance and optimization concept, monitoring and managing Windows Process, Managing process, Retrieving Information about Process. .NET Framework common classes & tools: Microsof t.Csharp, Microsof t.Jscript, Microsoft.VisualBasic,Microsoft. Win 32 System, System Data, System security, System Web, System XML.qms, tools-AL.exe, Aximp.exe, Ilasm.exe, LC.exe, .NET Framework Configuration Tools, Wincv.exe Software Engineering Fundamentals :- Øe'k% ( 33 ) XV. Software Engineering Fundamentals : Definition of software product; software development paradigms; software engineering; knowledge engineering and end user development approaches. Software Analysis : Abstraction; partitioning and projection; system specification; software requirements specification (SRS) standards; formal specification method; specification tools; flow based, data based and object orientated analysis. Systems Design ; Idealised and constrained design; process oriented design (Gane and Sarson and Yourdon notations); data oriented design (Warnier - (Orr, E-r modeling); Object oriented design (Booch XVI. approach); Cohesion and coupling; Design metrics; design documentation standards. Role of Case Tools : Relevance of case tools; High-end and low-end case tools; Automated support for data dictionaries, data flow diagrams, entity relationship diagrams. Coding And Programming : Choice of programming languages; mixed language programming and call semantics; Re-engineering legacy systems; coding standard. Software Quality And Testing : Software quality assurance; types of software testing (white box, black box, unit, integration, validation, system etc); debugging and reliability analysis; program complexity analysis; software quality and metrics; software maturity model and extensions. Software cost and Time estimation. Functions points; issues in software cost estimation; introduction to the Rayleigh curve3; alglorithmic cost model (COCOM0, Putnamslim, Watson and feliix); Other approaches to software cost and size estimation (software complexity, Delphi, costing by analolgy) Software Project Management : Planning software projects; work background structures; integrating software, software design and project planning; software project teams; project monitoring and controls. Data Mining & Data Warehousing :Introduction & Data Warehousing and OLAP Technology for Data Mining - What is data mining?, Data Mining: On what kind of data?, Data mining functionality, Are all the patterns interesting?, Classification of data mining systems, What is a data warehouse?, A multi-dimensional data model, Data warehouse architecture, Data warehouse implementation, Further development of data cube technology, From data warehousing to data mining. Concept of Transaction, Transactional database, Distributed Database, Commit Protocols. Data Preprocessing ,Data Mining Primitive , Languages and System Architecture - Why preprocess the data?, Data cleaning ,Data integration and transformation, Data reduction, Discrimination and concept hierarchy generation, Data Mining Primitive, Data Mining Query Language, Architecture of data mining system. Mining Association Rules in Large Databases I. Association rule mining, Mining single-dimensional Boolean association rules from transactional databases, Mining multilevel association rules from transactional databases, Mining multidimensional association rules from transactional databases and data warehouse, From association mining to correlation analysis, Constraint-based association mining. Classification and Prediction & Cluster Analysis What is classification? What is prediction?, Issues regarding classification and prediction, Classification by decision tree induction, Bayesian Classification, Classification by back propagation, Classification based on concepts from association rule mining, Other Classification Methods ,Prediction, Classification accuracy, What is Cluster Analysis?, Types of Data in Cluster Analysis, A Categorization of Major Clustering Meth- ods, Partitioning Methods, Hierarchical Methods, DensityBased Methods, Grid-Based Methods, Model- Based Clustering Methods, Outlier Analysis. Mining Complex Types of Data & Applications and Trends in Data Mining Multidimensional analysis and descriptive mining of complex data objects, Mining spatial databases, Mining multimedia databases, Mining time-series and sequence data, Mining text databases, Mining the World- Wide Web, Data mining applications, Data mining system products and research prototypes, Additional themes on data mining, Social impact of data mining, Trends in data mining Satellite Mobile Communication :Introduction. Introduction to Mobile Communication, Short history of wireless communication, Applications, Vehicles, Emergency, Business, Replacement of wired network, Location dependent services, infotainment, Mobile and Wireless devices, A Simplified reference model, some open research topics in mobile communication. Satellite Systems History of satellite system, Applications of satellite systems, Type of satellite systems, characteristics of satellite systems, satellite system infrastructure, satellite system architecture, Global Positioning system (GPS), Limitations of GPS. Beneficiaries of GPS, Applications of GPS. Mobile Communication Systems Introduction, Cellular System Infrastructure,, Registration, Handoff Parameters and Underlying support, Roaming Support Using System Backbone, to Mobile IP, Functions of Mobile IP, Mobile Node, Corresponding Node, Home Network, Foreign Network, Home Agent , Foreign Agent, Care-of Address, IP Packet Delivery, Agent Discovery, Agent Solicitation , Registration, Tunneling , Dynamic host configuration protocol. Wireless LANs and PANs Introduction to IEEE 802.11, Ricochet, Ricochet Wireless Modem, Services Provided by Ricochet , Home RF, Home RF Technology, Hiper LAN, Blue tooth , Advantages and disadvantages of Wireless LAN, Infra red vs radio transmission , introduction to MAC. Technologies influence WLANs / WPANs in future. Mobile Adhoc Network Introduction to Mobile Adhoc Network(MANET), Characteristics of MANET, Applications of MANET, Routing, Need for Routing, Routing Classification, Table- Driven Routing Protocol - Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol, Cluster-Head Gateway Switch Routing, Wireless Routing Protocol. Source initiated On-demand Routing- Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing, Dynamic Source Routing, Temporarily Ordered Routing Algorithms, Hybrib Protocol -Zone Routing Protocol. (26) - COMPUTER APPLICATION Object Oriented Programming with ‘C++’ :Introduction to OOP Advantages of OOP, The Object Oriented Approach,and Characteristics of object oriented languages- Object, Classes, Inheritance, Reusability, and Polymorphism. OMT. Language Fundamental Overview of C++: History of C++, Data Types - int, float, char, double, void. Constant and Variables. Operators and Expression: Arithmetic Operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Conditional Operators, Bitwise Operators. Control constructor: if , if-else, nested if-else, while(), do-while() , for(;;), break, continue, switch, goto. Storage class. Structure and Function Structures : A Simple structures ,specify the structures, Defining a structure variable, Accessing structures member, Enumera- Øe'k% ( 34 ) II. III. tion data type. Function: Function Declaration, Calling Function, Function Defines, Passing Argument to function, Passing Constant, Passing Value, Reference Argument, Passing struct variable, Overloaded Function, Inline Function, Default Argument, return statement, returning by reference. Array: Defining array, array element, initiation array, multi dimensional array, passing array to function. Object Classes and Inheritance Object and Class, Using the class, class construct, class destructors, object as function argument, struct and classes , array as class member, operator overloading. Type of inheritance, Derive class, Base class. Access specifier: protected. Overriding, member function,String, Templates. Pointers and Virtual Function pointers: & and * operator pointer variables, pointer to void, pointer and array, pointer and function, pointer and string, memory management, new and delete, pointer to object, pointer to pointer, link list. Virtual Function: Virtual Function, Virtual member function, accesses with pointer, Late binding, pure virtual function, Friend function, Friend class, static function, this pointer. File and Stream C++ streams, Stream class, string I/O, char I/O, Object I/O, I/ O with multiple object, File pointer, Disk I/ O, Mathematical Foundation :Mathematical Logic, Sets Relations and functions Mathematical Logic : Notations, Algebra of Propositions & Propositional functions, logical connectives, Truth values & Truth table Tautologies & Contradictions, Normal Forms, Predicate Calculus, Quantifiers. IV. Set Theory: Sets, Subsets, Power sets, Complement, Union and Intersection, De-Morgan’s law Cardinality, relations: Cartesian Products, relational Matrices, properties of relations equivalence relation functions: Injection, Surjection, Bijection, Composition, of Functions, Permutations, Cardinality, the characteristic functions recursive definitions, finite induction. Lattices & Boolean Algebra Lattices : Lattices as Algebric System, Sub lattices, some special Lattices (Complement, Distributive, Modular). Boolean Algebra : Axiomatic definitions of Boolean algebra as algebric structures with two operations, Switching Circuits. Groups, Fields & Ring Groups : Groups, axioms, permutation groups, subgroups, cosets, normal subgroups, free subgroups, grammars, language. Fields & Rings : Definition , Structure, Minimal Polynomials, Irreducible Polynomials, Polynomial roots & its Applications. Graphs Graphs : Simple Graph, Multigraph & Psuedograph, Degree of a Vertex, Types of Graphs, Sub Graphs and Isomorphic Graphs, Operations of Graphs, Path, Cycles and Connectivity, Euler and Hamilton Graph, Shortest Path Problems BFS (Breadth First Search), Dijkastra’s Algorithm, Representation of Graphs, Planar Graphs, Applications of Graph Theory. Trees Trees : Trees, Properties of trees, pendant vertices in a tree, center of tree, Spanning tree, Binary tree, Tree Traversal, Applications of trees in computer science. Essential of Information Technology :Introduction Basics concept of IT, concept of data and information, History of computer, Data Processing, Generations of Computers, organization of computers, Input and Output devices, storage devices and file organization. Software concept Software and its need, Types of Software- System software, application software; Utility Programs; compilers, interpreters and Assemblers; Linker and Loader; Debugger; Operating sys- V. tem, elementary command of DOS, UNIX and WINDOWS (file handling directory, management and general purpose user interfacing command). Computer languages Introduction of Programming Languages, Types of Programming Languages, Generations of Programming Languages, Programming Paradigms, ,general purpose and concept of oop and SQL, Functional Programming; Process oriented Programming. Communication and network technology Communication process, Communication and system elements, communication mode (Analog and Digital, Synchronous and Asynchronous, Simplex, Half duplex, Full duplex, circuit switching), communication media (Speed and capacity, twisted pair, coaxial cable, optics, wireless), communication protocols, Computer Network, Types of Network, Topology, protocols (ISO/OS, reference model, TCP/IP), Medias- NIC,NOS, Bridges, HUB, Routers, Gateways. Internet Technical foundation of Internet, Internet Service Provider, Anatomy of Internet, ARPANET and Internet History of World Wide Web, Services Available on Internet; Basic Internet Terminologies, Net Etiquette, Applications of Internet. Client server computing, Distributed Computing, Domain naming system, DNS Server, Internet Security - Fire walls, Encryptions etc. Internet Applications - E-mail, WWW, E-commerce, Teleconferencing, Application of Information Technology – State of Art Application of IT, Application of IT in business, Industry, home, education and training entertainment, science and engineering and medicine. Data Structure Through Algorithms :Introduction and Preliminaries Introduction, Basic terminology, Elementary data organization, Data structure, Data structure operation, Algorithms: complexity, time-space Tradeoff.. Mathematical Notation and functions, Algorithmic Notation, Control Structures, Complexity of Algorithms, Sub algorithms, Variables, Data Type. String Processing, Arrays, Records And Pointers Basic Terminology, Storing String, Character Data Type, String Operations, Word Processing, Pattern Matching Algorithms. Linear Array, Representation of linear Array in Memory, Traversing Linear Arrays, Inserting And Deleting, Sorting; Bubble Sort, Searching; Liner Search, Binary Search, Multidimensional Array, Pointers; Pointer Array, Records; Record Structures, Representation of Records in Memory; Parallel Arrays, Matrices, Sparse Matrices. Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues, Recursion Linked list, Representation of linked lists in memory, Traversing a linked list, Searching a linked list, Memory Allocation; Garbage Collection, Insertion into a linked List, Deletion from a Linked List, Header Linked List, Two- Way Linked Lists. Stacks, Array Representation of Stack, Arithmetic Expressions; Polish Notation, Quick sort, an application of Stacks, Recursion, Tower of Hanoi, Implementation of Recursive Procedures by Stacks, Queues, Deques, Priority Queues. Trees & Graphs Binary Trees, Representing Binary Trees in Memory, Traversing binary tree, Traversal Algorithms using stacks, header nodes; threads, Binary Search Tree, Searching and Inserting in Binary Search Tree, Deleting in Binary Search tree, Heap; Heap sort, Path Lengths; Huffmans Algorithms, General Tree. Graph Theory Terminology, Sequential Representation of Graph; Adjacency Matrix, Path Matrix, Linked Representation of Graph. Sorting And Searching Sorting, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort, Merging, Merge Sort, Radix Sort, Searching and data modification, hashing. Communication Skills :- Øe'k% ( 35 ) VI. VII. Meaning and Process of communication, importance of effecMemory Organization tive communication, communication situation and communicaAuxiliary Memory, Micro Computer Memory, Memory Hiertion skills, barriers to communicate, objective of communicaarchy, Associative Memory, Virtual Memory, Cache Memory, tion, types of communication, principles of communication, esMemory Management Hardware. sentials of effective communication, media of communication - VIII. RDBMS ORACLE :written, oral, face to face, visual, audio visual, merits and deOverview of Database Management merits of written and oral communication prepared for oral Data, Information and knowledge, Increasing use of data as a presentation, conditional presentation, developing communicorporate resource, data processing verses data management, cation skill. file oriented approach verses database oriented approach to Interview - how to face and how to conduct, preparation of data management; data independence, database administration bio-data, seminars, pair, bibliography, graph discussion, offiroles, DBMS architecture, different kinds of DBMS users, imcial correspondence. Mechanics of writing, paragraphing preportance of data dictionary, contents of data dictionary, types cise, report writing, technical reports, length of written report, of database languages. Data models: network, hierarchical, reorganizing report, writing technical report. lational. Introduction to distributed databases, Client/Server Program Based Numerical Analysis :databases, Object-oriented databases, Object-relational dataSolution of Polynomial and Transcendental Algebraic Equabases, Introduction to ODBC concept. tions Relational Model Bisection method, Regulafalsi method & Newton’s method, Entity - Relationship model as a tool for conceptual designSolution of Cubic & Biquadrate Equation, Complex roots of entities attributes and relationships. ER diagrams; Concept of polynomial equations. Simultaneous Equations and Matrix keys: candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key; Gauss-Jordan method, Cholesky’s method, Reduction to lower Strong and weak entities, Case studies of ER modeling Generor upper Triangular forms, Inversion of matrix, method of paralization; specialization and aggregation. Converting an ER titioning, Characteristics equation of matrix, Power methods, model into relational Schema. Extended ER features, IntroducEigen values of matrix, Transformation to diagonal forms. tion to UML, Representation in UML diagram (Class Diagram Curve-Fitting from Observed Data etc.). Divided difference table for evenly or unevenly spaced data, Structured Query Language polynomial curve-fitting - Newton’s, Gauss and Langranges form Relational Algebra: select, project, cross product different types of interpolation and Divided Differences, method of least square of joins (inner join, outer joins, self join); Set operations, Tuple for polynomials,. relational calculus, Domain relational calculus, Simple and Numerical Differentiation and Integration complex queries using relational algebra, stand alone and emForward and Backword differential operators, Newton - cotes bedded query languages, Int roduct ion to SQL constructs integration formula: Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s Rule, Boole’s (SELECT…FROM, WHERE… GROUP BY… HAVING… Rule, Weddle Rule, Legendre’s rule, method of weighted coefORDERBY….), INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, VIEW definificients. tion and use, Temporary tables, Nested queries, and correlated Solution of Differential Equations nested queries, Integrity constraints: Not null, unique, check, Numerical Solution of ordinary differential equations, one step primary key, foreign key, references, triggers. Embedded SQL method, Taylor’s Series, Predictor-Corrector Method, Euler’s and Application Programming Interfaces. Method, Runga-Kutta Method, Milne’s method. Relational Database DesignComputer System Architecture :Normalization concept in logical model; Pitfalls in database Representation of Information design, update anomalies: Functional dependencies, Join deNumber system, Integer & Floating point representation Charpendencies, Normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF). Boyce Codd Noracter code (ASCII, EBCDIC), Error Detectand Correct code, mal form, Decomposition, Multi-Valued Dependencies, 4NF, Basic Building Blocks, Boolean Algebra, MAP Simplification, 5NF. Issues in physical design; Concepts of indexes, File orgaCombination Blocks, Gates, Multiplexers, Decoders, etc Senization for relational tables, De-normalization, Clustering of quential buildingblock, flip-flop, registers, counters, ALU, RAM tables, Clustering indexes. etc. Introduction to Query Processing and Protecting the Database Register transfer language and micro operations Parsing, translation, optimization, evaluation and overview of Concepts of bus, data movement along registers, a language to Query Processing. Protecting the Data Base - Integrity, Securepresent conditional data transfer, data movement from its rity and Recovery. Domain Constraints, Referential Integrity, memory, arithmetic and logical operations along with register Assertion, Triggers, Security & Authorization in SQL. transfer timing in registertransfer. Data Organization Basic Computer Organization and Design File Organization: -Fixed length records, variable length Instruction code, Computer Instructions, Timing and Control, records, Organization of records in files, Indexing: - indexed Execution of Instruction, Input and Output Interrupt, Design of files -B-tree, B+-tree, and Hashing Techniques. Computer. IX. Operating System with Linux as Case Study :Computer Software Introduction: Programming Language, Assembly Language, Assembler, ProWhat is operating system, basic concept, terminology, batch gram Loops, Input /Output Programming, processing, spooling, multiprogramming, time sharing, real time System Software. Central Processor Organization: systems, protection, multiprocessor system, operating system Processor Bus Organization, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Stack Oras resource manager, process view point, memory management, ganization, Instruction Formats, Addressing modes, Data transprocess management, device management and information manfer and Manipulation, Program Control, Microprocessor Oragement, other views of operating system, historical, functional ganization, Parallel Processing,. job control language and supervisor service control. Input -Output Organization Memory Management: Peripheral Devices, Input/Output Interface, Asynchronous Data Preliminaries of memory management, memory handling in M/ Transfer, Direct Memory Access (DMA), Priority Interrupt, C, relocation, swapping and swap time calculation, multiple Input-Output Processor, Multiprocessor System Organization, partitions, partitioned allocation MFT, fragmentation, MVT, and Data Communication Processor. compaction, paging, job scheduling implementation of page Øe'k% ( 36 ) X. tables, shared page, virtual memory-overlays, concepts of virtual memory demand page, memory management and performance, page replacement and page replacement algorithms. Allocation algorithms. Storage hierarchy disk and drum scheduling - physical characteristics fcfs scheduling SCAN, short of seek time first disk scheduling algorithms sector queuing. Information Management (File System) : File concept, file type, typed based system, disk based system, general model of file system, file directory maintenance, symbolic file system, basic file system, physical file system, file support device directory, access methods free space management contiguous, linked allocation and indexed allocation performances. Processor Management (CPU Scheduling) : Reviewing of multiprogramming concept, scheduling concept, basic concept, CPU I/O burst cycle process state, PCB (Programme Control Block) scheduling queries, schedulers, scheduling algorithms – performance criteria, first-come - first served shortest job - first priority, preemptive algorithm, round robin, multilevel queues and multilevel feedback queues, algo rithm evolution, multiprocessor scheduling, separate system, coordinated job scheduling, master / slave scheduling. Dead Locks : The dead lock problem - dead lock definition, dead lock detection, detection algorithm usage, dead lock characterization, resource allocation graph, dead lock prevention, mutual exclu- XI. sion, hold and wait, no preemption and circular wait, dead lock avoidance-bankers algorithm. Recovery from deadlock process termination, resource preemption, combined approach to deadlock handling. Unix (Operating System) : History, design principle, programmer interface, user interface, file system, process management, I/O system, inter process communication. Device Management : Dedicated, shared and virtual devices, sequential access and direct access device, channel and control units, I/O schedulars. Introduction to assembly language programming, introduction to I/O programming. Introduction to interrupts and their programming. Programming Languages VB & VC++ :GUI - Programming Visual Basic Introduction to Visual Basic : Windows and DOS; hardware; windows, icons and menus; Event Driven Programming; terminology; the working screen; controls and events; the menu systems; the programming language. Designing and Creating Programs : Program Design; the launch program; the form and the controls; writing the code; save your work; running and testing; making an EXE file; printouts. Program Flow : Logical testing; branching with if; Select Case; Go To; For…Next; Do Loops; While… Wend. Interacting with user : Msg boxes, the input box function, scroll bars, frames, options, check boxes, menus and various components. (Like timer, dbgrid, dbcombo, msflex Grid, etc) Testing and Debugging : Errors and error spotting, debugging tools, break points and watches, keeping watch, stapping through, error trapping. Graphics : Objects and properties for drawing, the drawing methods, working with imported graphics, animation. Procedures, Functions and Forms : Procedures and Functions, creating a procedures, creating a function, recursive functions, multiple forms (MDI), startup forms, starting from sub main, transferring between forms, procedures and modules. Arrays : Dimensions, elements and subscripts, arrays and loops, control arrays, creating a control arrays. Sequential Files : Saving data to files, basic filing, data analysis and file, the extended text editor. Records and Random Access Files : Record structures, random access files, the staff database, design and coding, MDI Forms - parent and child. Accessing Data - Data Manager and Data Control : Creating database, what is database, planning your database, using the data manager, adding an index, using the data manager to enter data, creating a form with data aware controls, what is data control, what are data aware controls, creating a menu bar. ADO & RDO controls and introduction to ActiveX control Visual C++ Introduction to VC++- C under windows, Overview of VC++, VC++ workspace & projects, creating source code file, adding C++ code to a program. Introduction to MFC - The part of VC++ programs, the application object, the main window object, the view object, the document object, Windows event oriented programming, What is device context., Windows Application using MFC. OLE (object linking and embedding technique), Features of OLE, introduction to ActiveX controls, introduction to COM and DLL. Computer Networks and Data Communication :Introduction to Computer Networking The Concept of Networking, Data Communication, Required network elements, The role of Standards Organization. Line Configuration, Various Topologies, Transmission Mode, Categories of Networks- LAN, MAN, WAN. The benefits of a Computer Networks. The OSI and TCP/IP Reference Model The Concept of Layered Architecture, Design Issues for the Layers. Interfaces and services, Detailed Functions of the Layers. Comparison between OSI and TCP/ IP Reference model. Transmission of Digital Data Shannon’s and Nyquist theorems for maximum data rate of a channel. Transmission media- Co-axial, UTP, Fiber optic and wireless. Analog and digital data Transmissionparallel and serial transmission. DTE-DCE interface using RS232C. Study of modems- 56k and Cable Modem. Modem standards. Multiplexing and Switching The Concept of Multiplexing- FDM, TDM, WDM. The Concept of Switching- Circuiting, Message switching, Packet switching. Data Link Layer and Routing Algorithms Line Discipline, Flow Control- stop and wait, sliding window, Go back N, Error Control- ARQ stop and wait, sliding window ARQ. HDLC, SLIP, PPP. Multiple access protocolsALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA/CD. IEEE standards for LAN’s and MAN’s. The IP protocol, and its header. IP address classes and subnet mask. The concept of ICMP, ARP, RARP, RSVP, CIDR and Ipv6. Routing algorithms- shorted path first, Distance Vec( tor, Link State. Congestion Control-The leaky bucket and Token bucket Algorithms. Transport Layer The Concept of client and Server in terms of Socket addressing in Transport layer. Two way and three-way handshaking. TCP header. Network Performance Issues. The Concept of Domain Name System, Various Resource Records. Architecture and services of E-mail (RFC-822 and MIME). The Concept of World Wide Web- server side and client side. ATM The concept of ATM, ATM Adoption layers- AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4, AAL5, Comparison of AAL protocols. Cell formats for UNI and NNI. Service Categories, Quality of service, Congestion Control in ATM. Øe'k% ( 37 ) XII. XIII. Comparative study of Networking Technologies X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, SONET, SMDS, ISDN. Network Security The Importance of Security in Networking. Traditional Cryptography, Data Encryption Standards, RSA algorithm Operation Research :Linear Programming L P formulations, Graphical method for solving LP’s with 2 variables, Simplex method, Duality theory in linear programming and applications, Special Linear Programming Problems, Transportation Problem (Stepping Stone Method), Assignment problem (Hungarian Method) Network Analysis Examples of network flow problems, Shortest –route problems, Dijkstras Algorithm, Applications of shortest - route problems, Max flow problem, Flow network, Labeling routine, Labeling algorithm for the max flow problems, Min-cut and max -cut theorem. Project Scheduling by PERT/CPM - Project management origin and the use of PERT origin and use of CPM, Application of PERT and CPM; Project network - Diagram representation, XIV. Critical path calculations by linear programs, Critical path calculations by network analysis and critical path method (CPM), Determinations of floats, Constructions of time chart and resource labeling, Project cost curve and crashing in project management, Program evaluation and Review technique (pert). Dynamic Programming Basic concepts - Bellman’s optimality principles, Examples of D.P. models and computations. Examples to be taken from Different areas of allocations, replacement, sequencing and scheduling, networks and other related O>R areas. Queuing Models Notations and assumptions, Queuing models with Poisson input and exponential service. Sequencing Models Sequencing Problem, Johnson’s algorithm for processing n jobs through 2 machines, Johnson’s Algorithm for processing n jobs through 3 machines, Processing 2 jobs through n machines, graphical solution. Inventory Models Introduction to the inventory problem, Deterministic models The classical EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) model, Nonzero lead time, The EOQ with shortages allowed. Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems :General Issues and overview of AI : The AI problems; what is an AI technique; Characteristics of AI applications Problem solving, search and control strategies : General problem solving; production systems; control strategies: forward and backward and backward chaining Exhaustive searches: Depth first Breadth first search. Heuristic Search techniques : Hill climbing; Branch and Bound technique; Best first search and A* algorithm; AND/Or Graphs; problem reduction and AO* algorithm; constraint satisfaction problems Game playing : Minimax search procedure; Alpha-Beta cutoffs; Additional Refinements. Knowledge Representation : First order predicate calculus; Skolemization Resolution principle and unification; Inference Mechanisms; Horn’s clauses; semantic Networks; frame systems and value inheritance. Scripts; conceptual dependency; AI Programming Languages : Introduction to Lisp, Syntax and Numeric functions; List manipulation functions; Iteration and Recursion; Property list and Arrays, Introduction to PROLOG. Natural language processing : Parsing technique; context-context- free grammar; Recursive Transition Nets (RTN); Augmented Transition Nets (ATN); case and logic grammars; semantic analysis. Planning : Overview- An example Domain: The Blocks Word; Component of planning systems: Goal Stack Planning (linear planning); Non-linear planning using goal sets; probabilistic reasoning and Uncertainty; probability theory; Bayes Theorem and Bayesian networks; certainty factor. Expert Systems : Introduction to expert systems and Applications of expert systems; various expert system shells: vidwan; frame work; knowledge acquisition; case studies; MYCIN. Learning : Role learning; learning by induction; Explanation based learning. System Analysis Design and MIS :Introduction Systems Concepts and the information systems environment: Definition of system, Characteristics of system, elements of system, types of system. The system Development life cycle: consideration of candidates system. The Role of system Analyst: Introduction, the multiphase role of the analyst, the analyst / user interface, the place of the analyst in the MIS Organization. System Analysis and its Tools System Planning and initial investigation : basis for planning in systems analysis, fact finding, fact analysis, Feasibility study. Determination of feasibility. Information Gathering: Information Gathering Tools & technique. Tools of Structured Analysis, Feasibility Study & Cost- Benefit Analysis Structured Analysis, DFD, Data Dictionary, Decision Tree, Decision Table. System performance and feasible study, Data analysis & Cost-benefit Analysis. System Design The process of Design Methodologies, Audit Consideration. Input Design, Output Design, Form Design, File Structure, File organisation, Database structure, Database design. System Implementation System Testing, the test plan, quality assurance, data processing auditor. Conversion, Post Implementation review, Software Maintenance. Computer Industry, the software Industry, A procedure for Hardware Software Selection, Financial consideration in selection, Computer contract, Project scheduling & Software. System Security, disaster/recovery planning, ethics in system development. Introduction to MIS Definition of MIS, Benefits of MIS, Function of MIS, Characteristics of MIS, Operating Elements of Information System, Components of Information System, Three Dimension of Information System; MIS and Other Subsystems - Information Generator, Information System Levels, Open and Closed Loop System, MIS Organizations, Types of Information System, Establishing MIS. Introduction of Transaction Processing Systems. The strategic impact of the internet and E-commerce : About internet, an overview of internet Application. Business uses of Internet, Electronic marketing and on-line communities of worldwide web. Information Technology Assets : Managing Hardware Assets, Managing Software Assets, Managing Data Resources, MIS and Decision Support System, Strategic Information System. Øe'k% ( 38 ) XV. Programming In Java :Introduction to java programming An overview of Java: Object Oriented Programming, Features of Java, Java Virtual Machine, Java Environment: Java Development Kit, Java Standard Library, Data Types, Variables: Declaring a variable, Dynamic Initialization, The scope and life time of variable, Type conversion and Casting: Narrowing and Widening Conversions, Numeric Promotions, Type Conversion Contexts; Operators: Arithmetic Operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Bit wise Operators, Conditional Op- XVI. erators, new operator, [ ] and instance of operator. Control Statements: Java’s Selection statement, Iteration Statement, Jump Statement, Array: Declaring Array variables, Constructing an Array, Initializing an Array, Multidimensional Arrays, Anonymous Arrays. Define the Class and interface Introducing Classes: Class Fundamentals, Declaring Object, Assigning Object Reference Variables, Defining Methods, method overloading, Using objects as parameter, Constructors, Garbage collection, finalize () method. Inheritance: Inheritance basic, method overloading, object reference this and super, Chaining constructor using this () and super (), Member accessibility modifier: public, protected, default accessibility of member, private protected, private, Package: Define package, CLASSPATH, importing package, Interface: Define an interface, implementing interface, extending interface, variable in interface, Overview of nested class: Top level nested class and interface, Non static inner class, Local class, Anonymous class. Exception handling and Multithreading Exception Handling: Exception types, Uncaught Exception, Using try and catch, multiple catch, nested try block, throw, and throws, finally. Multithreading: creating thread, Thread priority, synchronization, thread Scheduler, Running & yielding, sleeping and waking up, waiting and notifying, suspend and resume, miscellaneous method in thread class. Input output, Networking and Fundamental class of java Object class, String class, String Buffer class, Wrapper class, Math class, Collection: Collection interface, List interface, Set interface sorted interface, Array List class, Liked List class, Tree Set, Comparator, Vector, Stack. Input output classes and interface: File, Buffer Stream, Character Stream, and Random Access for files, Object Sterilization. Networking: Socket overview, Client/Server, Proxy Server, Network class and interface, TCP/IP client socket, TCP/IP Server socket, URL Connection, Datagrams, Datagram Packets. Applet programming and AWT XVII. Applet: Applet and Application program, Creating Applets, Applet Life Cycle, Applet and Thread, Supplying Applet parameter, Using Images and Sound in Applets, JAR files, Applet Security. Introducing the AWT: Overview of the java.awt package, Component and Containers: Component, Container, Panel, Applet, Window, Frame, and Dialog classes. Working with Graphics, Working with Fonts, Working with Colors, GUI Control Components: Button, Canvas, Checkbox and Checkbox Group, Choice, List, Label, Scrollbar, Text Field and Text Area, Frame, Menu Bars and Menu Layout Management: Layout Management Policies, Flow Layout, Grid Layout, Border Layout, Card Layout, Grid Bag Layout, Customized Layout. Event Handling: Overview of Event Handling, Event Hierarchy, Event Delegation Model, Event Adapters, Low Level Event Processing. Advance features of java JDBC: JDBC/ODBC Bridge, The Driver manage class, the java.sql package, data manipulation: Insert, Update, Delete Record, Data navigation: Result Set BDK: What is java Beans, Advantages of java Beans, the Bean Developer Kit, Jar Files, Introspection, Developing a New Bean, Using Bound Properties, Using BeanInfo interface, The java Beans API. Servlets : Movement to Server Side JAVA, Overview of Servlets, Common Gateway Interface (CGI), The JAVA Servlet Architecture, Generic Servlet and HTTP Servlet, The Servlet Interface, Requests and Responses, The Life Cycle of a Servlet, Retrieving Form Data in a Servlet, Session Tracking, Cookies. Software Engineering :Software Engineering Fundamentals : Definition of software product; software development paradigms; software engineering; knowledge engineering and end user development approaches. Software Analysis : Abstraction; partitioning and projection; system specification; software requirements specification (SRS) standards; formal specification method; specification tools; flow based, data based and object orientated analysis. Systems Design ; Idealised and constrained design; process oriented design (Gane and Sarson and Yourdon notations); data oriented design (Warnier - (Orr, E-r modeling); Object oriented design (Booch approach); Cohesion and coupling; Design metrics; design documentation standards. Role of Case Tools : Relevance of case tools; High-end and low-end case tools; Automated support for data dictionaries, data flow diagrams, entity relationship diagrams. Coding And Programming : Choice of programming languages; mixed language programming and call semantics; Re-engineering legacy systems; coding standard. Software Quality And Testing : Software quality assurance; types of software testing (white box, black box, unit, integration, validation, system etc); debugging and reliability analysis; program complexity analysis; software quality and metrics; software maturity model and extensions. Software cost and Time estimation. Functions points; issues in software cost estimation; introduction to the Rayleigh curve3; alglorithmic cost model (COCOM0, Putnam-slim, Watson and feliix); Other approaches to software cost and size estimation (software complexity, Delphi, costing by analolgy) Software Project Management : Planning software projects; work background structures; integrating software, software design and project planning; software project teams; project monitoring and controls. Interactive Computer Graphics :Display Devices Refresh Cathode ray tubes, Random Scan and raster Scan Monitors, Direct view storage tubes, continual refresh and storage display, plasma panel displays, LED & LCD devices, color display techniques, shadow marking and penetration, hard copy devices-printer and plotters. Output Primitives Points and Lines, Line drawing algorithms – vecgen and Bresenham Antialiasing. Circle generating Algorithms, Bresenham Circle Algorithms Ellipse, Character generating and text display. Matrix and Stork fonts, output command for various geometrical shapes, fill areas horizontal scan for Polygons. Attribute of outputs primitives, line style, text style, bundled attributes, fill colors and patterns. Display Description Word/user coordinates, device coordinate, normalized device coordinates, two dimensional viewing. Transformation - Translation, scaling rotation, reflection, shearing. Matrix representation of transformation and homogenous coordinates, Concat- Øe'k% ( 39 ) enation of transformation. Viewing algorithms- windows and viewpoints, windowing and clipping, line, area text clipping, blanking windows to view point transformation zooming and planning. Segment, concepts and file, segment attributes. Interactive Graphics Physical Input devices, logical classification, interactive picture construction techniques, input function. 3-D Transformation Translation, Scaling, Rotation about standard and arbitrary axis, transformation commands. 3-D Projection Viewing Pipeline, Viewing transformation and clipping, Nor- XIX. malized view volume, viewing Pipeline, hidden line and surface elimination algorithms backface removal, depth buffer method, scan line method, depth sor5ting method, area subdivision and octree method. Design for User Interface Components and user model, command language, memorization user help, backup and error handling, response time, command language style, menu design, feed back, output formats. XVIII. Unix/Linux :Introduction Introduction to Multi-user System, Emergency and history of Unix, Feature and benefits, Versions of Unix. System Structure:-Hardware requirements, Kernel and its function, introduction to System calls and Shell. File System Feature of Unix File System, Concept of i-node table, links, commonly used commands like who, pwd, cd, mkdir, rm, ls, mv, lp, chmod, cp, grep, sed, awk, pr, lex, yacc, make, etc. Getting started (login / logout), File system management, file operation, system calls, buffer cache .Vi Editor:-Intro to text processing, command and edit mode, invoking vi, command structure, deleting and inserting line, deleting and replacing character, searching strings, yanking, running shell command, command macros, set windows, set auto indent, set number, intro to exrc file. Shell Programming Introduction to shell feature, wild card characters, i/out redirections, standard error redirection, system and user created shell variables, profile files, pipes/tee, background processing, command line arguments, command substitution, read statement, conditional execution of commands, special shell variables $ #, #?, $* etc. Shift commands, loops and decision making- for, while and until, choice making using case…esac, decision making if ….fi, using test, string comparison, numerical comparison, logical operation, using expr. Introduction to Shell Features, changing the login shell, cshrc, login, logout files, setting environment, variables, history and alias mechanism, XX. command line arguments, redirection/appending safely, noclobber, noglob, ignore eof, directory stacks (pushd, popd), feature of other shell (rsh, vsh). Process Control Process management, process states and transition, regions and control of process, sleep and waking, process creation, process killing, signals, system boot and init process, traps, sitting process priorities. Inter-process Communication I/O Sub system, terminal drives, disk drives, messages, shared memory, semaphores, memory management, swapping, demand paging. System Calls and Unix -C Interface File handling calls like - access (), open(), create(), read(), write(), close(), fseek(), process control system calls like kill(), exec(), fork(), wait(), signal(), exit(), comparing stdio library and calls. System Administration:- Process and Scheduling, Security, Basic System Administration:- Adding a User, User Passwords, Delete of a User, Adding a Group, Deleting a Group, Super User, Startup and Shutdown. Advanced System Administration:- Managing Disk Space, Backup and Restore, Managing System Services. Xwindows:- Introduction to Xwindows concept Intorduction to Linux:- Evolution of Linux, Red Hat Linux, Linux Installation and LILO, System Configuration. Gnome Desktop and the K Desktop. Xconfigurator, The X window system and window managers, Shell Operations,Linux File Structure. Compiler Design :Introduction to Compiling and one pass compiler : Compilers & translators, Phases of compilers, Compiler writing tools, Bootstrapping; overview of one pass compiler. Finite Automata and Lexical Analysis Role of Lexical Analyzer; specification of tokens, Recognition of tokens, Regular expression, Finite automata, from regular expression to finite automata, DFA and NFA, Implementation of lexical analyzer; tools for lexical analyzer -LEX. Syntax analysis & Parsing Technique Context free grammars; Bottom up parsing, Shift reduce parsing, Operator Precedence parsing, Top down parsing, elimination of left recursion; recursive descent parsing, Predictive parsing. Automatic Construction of Efficient parsers LR parser, construction of SLR and canonical LR parser table, Using ambiguous grammar, An automatic parser the generator, YACC, Using YACC with ambiguous grammar, creating YACC lexical analyzer with LEX, Error recovery in YACC. Syntax Directed Translation Syntax directed schema, Construction of syntax tree, Translation with top down parser. Run Time Environment Source Language issues, Storage organization and allocation strategies, Parameter passing, Implementation of block-structured language. Intermediate Code Generation Intermediate languages, Postfix notation, Three-address code, Quadruples and triples, Translation of assignment statements, Boolean expression, and Procedure call. Error Detection & recovery Lexical & syntactic phase error, semantics error. Code Optimization Optimization of basic block, Loop optimization global data flow analysis, Loop in variant computation. Code Generation Issue and design of code generator, the target machine, a simple code generator. Advanced Programming Tools - Java :JDBC Introduction to JDBC, JDBC Drivers Type, Connection, JDBC URLs, Driver Manager, Statement - Creating, Executing, Closing, Result Set - Data Types and Conversions. Prepared Statement, Callable Statement, Mapping SQL and Java Types, JDBCODBC Bridge Driver RMI Distributed Applications, Introduction to RMI, Java RMI Architecture, Writing an RMI Server, Designing a Remote Interface, Implementing a Remote Interface, Creating a Client Program, Compiling the Programs, Running the Programs. Servlets Movement to Server Side JAVA, Overview of Servlets, Common Gateway Interface (CGI), The JAVA Servlet Architecture, Generic Servlet and HTTP Servlet, The Servlet Interface, Requests and Responses, The Life Cycle of a Servlet, Retrieving Form Data in a Servlet, Session Tracking, Cookies. Java Beans Øe'k% ( 40 ) Java Beans Concepts and the Beans Development Kit, Using the Bean Box, Writing a Simple Bean, Properties, Manipulating Events in the BeanBox, The BeanInfo Interface, Bean Customization, Bean Persistence. Java Server Pages (JSP) Overview of JSP, JSP Scripting elements, Compare and Contrast JSP with CGI and Servlet Technologies, List JSP directives, Integrate JSP with Java Beans Components, Handle JSP exceptions, Develop a basic Java Server Pages, Deploy Java Server Pages, Compare twotier and multi-tier web application architectures, Database Connectivity. XXI. Introduction to .NET Technology :Inside the .NET framework : Overview of .net framework, Managed Execution process, CLR,JIT Compilation , MSIL, Assemblies, Common Type System , cross language, interoperability. Programming with .NET Framework XML, Accessing data, ADO.Net, Accessing Internet, Component Programming essentials and Throwing exceptions, Processing Transactions, Garbage Collection, Base types, working with I/O, Basic files. Building .NET framework applications : ASP.net Web Application, Web forms, Server controls, Introduction to windows forms, Design –Time Support. Debugging Optimizing and Profiling : Performance and optimization concept, monitoring and managing Windows Process, Managing process, Retrieving Information about Process. .NET Framework common classes & tools: Microsoft .Csharp, Microsoft .Jscript , Microsoft.VisualBasic,Microsoft. Win 32 System, System Data, System security, System Web, System XML.qms, tools-AL.exe, Aximp.exe, Ilasm.exe, LC.exe, .NET Framework Configuration Tools, Wincv.exe XXII. Data Mining & Data Warehousing :Introduction & Data Warehousing and OLAP Technology for Data Mining What is data mining?, Data Mining: On what kind of data?, Data mining functionality, Are all the patterns interesting?, Classification of data mining systems, What is a data warehouse?, A multi-dimensional data model, Data warehouse architecture, Data warehouse implementation, Further development of data cube technology, From data warehousing to data mining. Concept of Transaction, Transactional database, Distributed Database, Commit Protocols. Data Preprocessing, Data Mining Primitive, Languages and System Architecture Need for Data processing, Data cleaning ,Data integration and transformation, Data reduction, Discrimination and concept hierarchy generation, Data Mining Primitive, Data Mining Query Language, Architecture of data mining system. Mining Association Rules in Large DatabasesAssociation rule mining, Mining single-dimensional Boolean association rules from transactional databases, Mining multilevel association rules from transactional databases, Mining multidimensional association rules from transactional databases and data warehouse, From association mining to correlation analysis, Constraintbased association mining. Classification and Prediction & Cluster Analysis What is classification? What is prediction? Issues regarding classification and prediction, Classification by decision tree induction, Bayesian Classification, Classification by back propagation, Classification based on concepts from association rule mining, Other Classification Methods ,Prediction, Classification accuracy, What is Cluster Analysis?, Types of Data in Cluster Analysis, A Categorization of Major Clustering Methods, Partitioning Methods, Hierarchical Methods, Density- Based Methods, Grid-Based Methods, Model- Based Clustering Methods, Outlier Analysis. Mining Complex Types of Data & Applications and Trends in Data Mining- Multidimensional analysis and descriptive mining of complex data objects, Mining spatial databases, Mining multimedia databases, Mining time-series and sequence data, Mining text databases, Mining the World- Wide Web, Data mining applications, Data mining system products and research prototypes, Additional themes on datamining, Social impact of data mining, Trends in data mining XXIII. Soft Computing :Introduction to Fuzzy Logic System Fuzzy Sets Operation Of Fuzzy Sets, Properties Of Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy Arithmetic, Membership Functions, Fuzzy To Crisp Conversion. Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Rule Based Systems, Fuzzy Decision Making, Fuzzy Database, Fuzzy Intelligent System. Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks Introduction to Artificial Neural Network, Artificial Neuron, Classification of Artificial Neural Network, Architecture of a Artificial Neural Network, Activation Function, Training an Artificial Neural Network, Application of Artificial Neural Network. Perceptron and Associative Memories Amari General Learning Rule, HEBB Learning Rule, ADLINE, Perceptron Layer Network, Associative memory: Auto associative Memory, Bi-directional memory, Back-propagation Network: Architecture, Training Algorithm Application of Backpropagation algorithm. Machine Learning Regression And Classification, Decision Tree, SPRINT, Gini Index, Entropy, Pruning, C4.5, Active Learning - Feature Selection, Clustering, Models And Methods, Neural Networks, Markov Chain/Processes, Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Soft Computing Tools Introduction to MATLAB, Features, Matrix Operations, Curve Plotting, Toolbox Introduction, Introductionto Simulink. 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Constitutional Law :- Constitutional Law of India, Preamble, Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Rights and Duties, President and his powers, Judiciary, Union and Centre 7. State relations, Inter- State relations, Distribution of Legislative Powers, Inter-state Trade & Commerce, Services under the Union and the States, Amendment in the Constitution. Law of Crimes :(a) Indian Penal Code-Jurisdiction, Definition, General Ex- 8. ception to Criminal Liability, Joint & Constructive Liability (Sec. 34, 114, 149), Offences against Public Tranquility, Offences against Human body, Offences against Property. (b) Indian Evidence Act - Definition, Section 6 to 35, Section 59 to 63, Section 74 to 78, Section 101 to 114, Section 118 to 155 only. Criminal Procedure Code 1973 - Section 1 to 265, Section 300 to 327, Section 353, Section 354 to 405 and Section 436 to 473 only. Personal Laws :Hindu Law: (A) Unclassified Sources of Hindu Law, Rights and Duties of Karta and Coparcener of Joint Hindu Family, Stridhan, Liability of son to pay the debt of Father, Religious Endowments (B) Classified Hindu Law- Hindu Marriage Act 1955, Hindu Succession Act 1956, Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956, Hindu Minority and Guardianship act 1956, (C) Muslim Law: Sources, Marriage, Divorce, Mehar, Gift, Wills. Administrative Law - Nature and Scope of Administrative law, Delegated Legislation, Controls - Judicial and Legislative control, Principle of Natural Justice, Ombudsmen and Central Vigilance Commission, Public Corporation, Administrative Agencies and Tribunals. Socio Economic Offence:- Drugs Act, Prevention of Corruption Act, Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) Jurisprudence :- Scope & Nature of jurisprudence, Administration of justices, Sources of Law, Concepts of Law, Theories of Law, Natural Law, Analytical school, Pure Theory of Law, Historical School, Sociological School, Realistic School, Theories of Punishment, Probation. Mercantile Law :- General Principles of Law of Contract, Indian Contract Act 1872 (Section 1 to 75), Law of Indemnity & Guarantee, Law of Bailment & Pledge, Law of Agency, Law of Sale of Goods, Law of Partnership and Law relating to Negotiable Instruments. 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fy[kk gks] ,slk ugha gksus ij vkosnd }kjk fd;k x;k Help Desk Number - 9981996587, 9981996597 =qfV lq/kkj ekU; ugha gksxkA vkWuykbu vkosnu ls lacaf/kr vU; fdlh lgk;rk ds fy, vkosnd ;g /;ku j[ksa fd foKkfir in ds vkosnu mDr uacjksa ij laidZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA i= esa gqbZ fdlh Hkh =qfV dk lq/kkj p;u ds fdlh Hkh Lrj vkWuykbu vkosnu gsrq iz;qDr fd, tkus okys vkosnd ds ij ugha fd;k tk ldsxkA vr% vH;FkhZ viuk vkosnu vR;ar QksVksxzkQ laca/kh funsZ'k%& vkosnd vkWuykbu vkosnu gsrq foKkiu lko/kkuh iwoZd HkjsaA ;fn fQj Hkh dksbZ =qfV gksrh gS rks =qfV tkjh gksus dh frfFk ;k mlds ckn dh frfFk esa f[kpok;k gqvk lq/kkj vof/k esa okafNr lq/kkj dj ysaA ikliksVZ lkbt dk QksVks vius ikl j[ksAa QksVks dk cSdxzkmUM ¼10½ vkWuykbZu vkosnu@=qfV lq/kkj gsrq iksVZy 'kqYd %& lQsn@gYds jax dk gksuk pkfg, rFkk QksVks esa vH;FkhZ dh nksuksa vka[ksa i½ izR;sd vkWuykbu vkosnd ds fy, fu/kkZfjr ijh{kk 'kqYd ds vfrfjDr ¼ Li"V fn[kkbZ nsuh pkfg,A QksVks ds fupys fgLls ij vH;FkhZ dk uke iksVy Z 'kqYd 35@& #i;s ns; gksxkA rFkk QksVks f[kpokus dh frfFk fizaV dh gqbZ gksuh pkfg,A vH;FkhZ mDr ¼ ii ½ vkWuykbu vkosnu dh izfof"V;ksa esa fdlh izdkj dh =qfV gksus ij QksVks dh 3 izfr;ka vius ikl vo'; j[ksaA Hkfo"; esa vk;ksx }kjk vkosnd }kjk 30@& #i;s dk =qfV lq/kkj 'kqYd ns; gksxkA ,d funsZf'kr fd, tkus ij vH;FkhZ dks mDr QksVks izLrqr@izfs "kr djuk vkosnd }kjk =qfV lq/kkj fu/kkZfjr frfFk;ksa esa dsoy ,d ckj fd;k vfuok;Z gksxkA tk ldrk gSA vkosnd vkWuykbu vkosnu djus ds iwoZ foKkiu ds bl ifjf'k"V ds ¼ iii ½ izoxZ lq/kkj ds ekeyksa esa ;fn fdlh vkosnd }kjk vkjf{kr oxZ ds #i i`"B Øekad 3 ij fu/kkZfjr ckWDl ds vanj viuk uohure ikliksVZ esa Hkjs x, vius vkWuykbu vkosnu esa lq/kkj dj mls vukjf{kr oxZ lkbZt dk QksVks fpidkdj QksVks ds uhps gLrk{kj gsrq fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS rks mls 'kqYd ds varj dh jkf'k dk Hkqxrku =qfV ckWDl ds vanj dkys ckWy ikWbUV isu ls bl izdkj gLrk{kj djsa fd lq/kkj 'kqYd #i;s 30@& ds vfrfjDr djuk gksxk fdUrq vukjf{kr og Li"V gks rFkk gLrk{kj dk dksbZ fgLlk ckWDl ds ckgj u tk,A oxZ esa ifjorZu dh fLFkfr esa 'kqYd varj dh jkf'k okil ugha dh QksVks o gLrk{kj;qDr mDr ist dks bl izdkj Ldsu djsa fd Ldsu tk,xhA dh gqbZ best esa QksVks rFkk gLrk{kj gsrq fu/kkZfjr ckWDl dks ¼iv ½ ijh{kk 'kqYd] =qfV lq/kkj 'kqYd rFkk iksVy Z pktZ fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr dUVsu@lekfgr djus okys ckWDl ds ckgj dk fgLlk Ldsu u gksA esa okilh ;ksX; ugha gSA mDr izdkj ls Ldsu dh gqbZ best dks jpg QkjesV esa save djsaA vkWuykbu vkosnu lac/a kh 'kqYd tek djus ds lac/a k esa bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk tk, fd Ldsu dh gqbZ best dk egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh lkbZt 100Kb ls vf/kd u gksA vkosnd dks vkWuykbu vkosnu djrs le; vkWuykbu vkosnu dh vkWuykbu vkosnu djus dh fLFkfr esa vkosnu rFkk iksVy Z 'kqYd leLr izfof"V;ksa dks iwjk djus ds i'pkr~ vkWuykbu vkosnu ds dk Hkqxrku vkosnd Lo;a ØsfMV@MsfcV dkMZ ;k usVcSafdax ds fupys fgLls esa fLFkr Browse cVu dks fDyd dj QksVks o ek/;e ls dj ldrk gSA gLrk{kj vVSp djuk gksxkA Browse cVu nckus ij vkosnd dks ¼1½ vkosnu o ijh{kk 'kqYd Hkjus dh fof/k %& Ldsu dj save dh gqbZ jpg best dk address lsysDV dj Ok vkosnd www.psc.cg.gov.in osclkbV ds gkse ist ij cVu nckuk gksxkA fn, x, vkosfnr in gsrq vkWuykbu vkosnu ls lacaf/kr fyad vkWuykbu vkosnu djrs le; /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd tkudkjh tks dks fDyd dj fo'ks"k osc ist ij tk ldrs gSa ftl ij vkWuykbu vkWuykbu vkosnu esa pkgh xbZ gS dh lgha&lgha izfof"V dh tk,A izfØ;k ls lEcaf/kr fuEu Links miyC/k gksaxs& vk;ksx }kjk vkWuykbu vkosnu djus dh izfØ;k esa ;g le> Click here to View/Print Advertisement fy;k x;k gS fd] vkosnd }kjk tks tkudkjh vkWuykbu Click here to Apply Online vkosnu esa vafdr dh tk jgh gS og izekf.kr tkudkjh gSA Click here to know your Application No. vr% vkWuykbu vkosnu Submit djus ds iwoZ vkosnd vius Click here to Edit Unpaid Application vkosnu dh leLr izfof"V;ksa dks lko/kkuhiwoZd HkyhHkkafr i<+ Click here to Pay for Unpaid Application ,oa le> ysaA vkosnd vius }kjk nh xbZ tkudkjh ls larq"V Click here to View/Print Dupplicate Reciept Øe'k% (2) Mkydj ykWfxu gksxkA bl izfØ;k ls vkosnd vius cSad vdkmaV ls 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku dj ldrk gSA lQyrk iwoZd Hkqxrku izfØ;k iw.kZ gksus ds ckn vkosnd dks LØhu ij jlhn fn[kkbZ nsxhA vH;FkhZ bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[ksa fd jlhn ij Payment Status ds lkeus Payment Done vo'; fy[kk gks vU;Fkk vkidk vkosnu vk;ksx dks izkIr ugha gksdj Lo;eso fujLr gks tk,xkA vkosnd bl jlhn dk fizaV ysdj vius ikl laHkkydj j[ksaA Click here for Editing in Online Application Click here to View/Print List of Rejected Applications Click here to View/Print Online Admit Card vkosnd vkosnu Hkjus ls igys Click here to View/ Print Advertisement dks fDyd dj NRrhlx<+ yksd lsok ¼i ½ ¼ii½ vk;ksx }kjk izdkf'kr foKkiu esa nh xbZ leLr tkudkjh vkSj 'krksZa dks vPNh rjg i<+ ysa] blds mijkar gh vkosnd Click here to Apply Online dks fDyd djsaA blds ckn vkosnd dks LØhu ij QkeZ fn[kkbZ nsxkA vkosnd dks vkosnu esa ekaxh xbZ leLr tkudkfj;ksa dks lgh&lgh Hkjuk vfuok;Z gSA vkosnd dks QkeZ ij uhps dh vksj ,d cVu Browse fn[kkbZ nsxkA blds ek/;e ls vkosnd dks viuk uohure QksVks] gLrk{kj lfgr vVSp djuk gSA vVSpesVa ds lac/a k esa foLr`r tkudkjh bl ifjf'k"V ds i`"B Øekad 3 ij nh xbZ gSA vkosnd vkosnu iw.kZ #i ls Hkjus ds ckn mls vPNh rjg i<+ ysa vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd QkeZ esa tks Hkh tkudkjh nh xbZ gS og lgh gSA ;fn vkosnu esa dksbZ xyr tkudkjh nh xbZ gS rks iqu% mls Bhd dj ysaA blds mijkar gh Submit cVu nck;saA blls vkosnd dks ,d vkosnu uacj izkIr gksxkA vkosnd vkosnu Øekad dks uksV dj ysoasA vkWuykbu vkosnu tek djus ds ckn Hkh ;fn vkosnd us 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku u fd;k gks rks os Click here to Edit Unpaid Application fyad dks Click dj viuh izfof"V;ksa esa lq/kkj dj ldrs gSaA blds mijkar vkosnd ijh{kk 'kqYd ds Hkqxrku ds fy, Proceed to Payment cVu nck;sxk rks mls ijh{kk 'kqYd Hkqxrku gsrq nks vkWI'ku fn[kkbZ nsaxs%& iØsfMV dkMZ@MsfcV dkMZ iibaVjusV cSfa dax ØsfMV dkMZ@MsfcV dkMZ ds ek/;e ls ijh{kk 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku%& vkosnu Hkjus ds mijkar ijh{kk 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku lwph esa 'kkfey fdlh Hkh cSad ds ØsfMV@MsfcV dkMZ ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkosnd }kjk QkeZ Hkjus ds mijkar ijh{kk 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku djus ds fy, Proceed to Payment cVu nckus ij dEI;wVj LØhu ij Citizen Option dks Click djuk gS ftlls ,d Window Open gksxk mlesa Guest User dks Select dj Process Button Click djuk gSA blds ckn cSad dk uke rFkk dkMZ dk izdkj pquus dk fodYi fn[kkbZ nsxk mfpr p;u ds i'pkr cSad dk isesaV xsVos fn[kkbZ nsxkA blesa ØsfMV@MsfcV dkMZ dk fooj.k Hkjus ds mijkar Confirm cVu nckdj ijh{kk 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkosnd dks ijh{kk 'kqYd Hkqxrku izfØ;k lQyrk iwoZd iw.kZ gksus ds ckn dEI;wVjkbZTM jlhn izkIr gksxhA jlhn ij VªkatsD'ku laca/kh tkudkjh dk mYys[k gksxkA vkosnd bl jlhn dk fizaV ysdj vius ikl laHkkydj j[ksaA vH;FkhZ bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[ksa fd jlhn ij Payment Status ds lkeus Payment Done vo'; fy[kk gks vU;Fkk vkidk vkosnu vk;ksx dks izkIr ugha gksdj Lo;eso fujLr gks tk,xkA baVjusV cSafdax ds ek/;e ls ijh{kk 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku%& ijh{kk 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku baVjusV cSafdax lqfo/kk ls Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy, vkosnd ds ikl usV cSafdax lqfo/kk gksuk vfuok;Z gSA vkosnd viuk vkosnu Hkjus ds mijkar Proceed to Payment cVu nckus ij dEI;wVj LØhu ij Citizen Option dks Click djuk gS ftlls ,d Window Open gksxk mlesa Guest User dks Select dj Process Button Click djuk gSA blds ckn ;gka ij mls baVjusV cSafdax vkWI'ku fn[kkbZ nsxkA bls fDyd djus ij og vius cSad }kjk iznku ;wtj vkbZ Mh] ikloMZ ¼dkMZ@usVcSafdax ds ek/;e ls fdlh Hkh 'kqYd ds Hkqxrku dh izfØ;k esa ;fn lacaf/kr cSad }kjk fdlh izdkj dk lsok 'kqYd fy;k tkrk gS rks mlds Hkqxrku dk nkf;Ro vkosnd dk gksxk A vkosnd vkWuykbu cSafdx ds nkSjku fQf'kax@gSafdx vFkok vU; lkbcj xfrfof/k ls cpus ds fy, Lo;a ftEesnkj gkssaxsA ½ ¼2½ uksV%& ¼i½ vkosnd jlhn esa nh xbZ tkudkfj;ksa dks /;kuiwoZd i<+ ysa vkSj vius ikl laHkkydj j[ksaA ¼ii½ tkudkjh dh 'kq)rk ,oa lR;rk rFkk vkosnu izfØ;k iw.kZ djus dk iwjk mRrjnkf;Ro vkosnd dk gksxkA ¼iii½ fdlh Hkh lkbcj dSQs vFkok vU; laLFkk ds ek/;e ls vkos nu djrs le; vkos nd vkWuykbu vkos nu dh izfdz ;k viuh fuxjkuh esa gh djok,aA vkWuykbu vkosnu esa gqbZ fdlh Hkh izdkj dh =qfV ds fy, vkosnd lkbcj dSQs vFkok vU; laLFkk vFkok vk;ksx dks mRrjnk;h ugha Bgjk ldsaxsA ¼3½ ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½ ,sls vkosnu Lohdkj ugha fd, tk,axs ftUgsa vkWuykbu Hkjus ds ckn fizaV ysdj NRrhlx<+ yksd lsok vk;ksx dks Mkd ;k fdlh vU; ek/;e ls Hkstk tk,xkA ijh{kk 'kqYd ds fy, fdlh Hkh izdkj dk Mªk¶V Hkh Lohdkj ugha gksxkA ,slk djus ij vkosnuksa dks ekU; u djrs gq, fujLr dj fn;k tk,xk] vkSj mldh ftEesnkjh vkosnd dh gh ekuh tk,xhA izos'k i= o lk{kkRdkj gsrq cqykok i=%& izos'k i=@lk{kkRdkj gsrq cqykok i= vkWuykbu ijh{kk@lk{kkRdkj ds yxHkx 21 fnu iwoZ viyksM fd, tk,axs ,oa bldh lwpuk i`Fkd ls ugha nh tk,xhA izos'k i=@lk{kkRdkj gsrq cqykok i= O;fDrxr #i ls ugha Hksts tk,axs vfirq dsoy vk;ksx dh osclkbV www.psc.cg.gov.in ij miyC/k gksaxsA bl laca/k esa fd;k x;k dksbZ Hkh i=kpkj ekU; ugha gksxkA fdlh Hkh vH;FkhZ dks vkWuykbu ijh{kk@lk{kkRdkj esa rc rd izos'k ugha fn;k tk,xk tc rd fd mlds ikl vk;ksx }kjk tkjh fd;k x;k izo's k i=@lk{kkRdkj gsrq cqykok i= u gksA vH;FkhZ dks vkWuykbu ijh{kk@lk{kkRdkj esa izos'k i= ds lkFk ID Proof gsrq ernkrk igpku i=@ikliksV@ Z Mªkbfoax ykblsl a @iSu dkMZ@vk/kkj dkMZ@LekVZ dkMZ ¼jk"Vªh; tula[;k jftLVj dh ;kstuk ds rgr vkjthvkbZ }kjk tkjh½@LokLF; chek ;kstuk LekVZ dkMZ QksVks lfgr ¼Je ea=ky; dh ;kstuk ds rgr tkjh½@tkWc dkMZ QksVks lfgr ¼,uvkjbZth, ;kstuk ds rgr½@lsok igpku i= QksVks lfgr ¼jkT;@dsUnz ljdkj] lkoZtfud {ks= ds miØe] LFkkuh; fudk;] ifCyd fyfeVsM daifu;ksa }kjk vius deZp kfj;ksa dks tkjh½@iklcqd ,oa fdlku iklcqd QksVks lfgr ¼lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSd a @Mkd?kj }kjk tkjh½@Nk= igpku i= ¼Ldwyksa@dkystksa }kjk tkjh½@chih,y ifjokj dks tkjh jk'ku dkMZ@laifRr ds nLrkost QksVks lfgr tSls&iV~Vk] iathd`r fMM~l@,l-lh-] ,l-Vh-] vks-ch-lh- izek.k i= QksVks lfgr ¼l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh½@QksVks lfgr isa'ku nLrkost] HkwriwoZ lSfudksa dh isa'ku fdrkc] HkwriwoZ lSfudksa dh fo/kok ;k vkfJr izek.k i=] o`)koLFkk isa'ku vkns'k] fo/kok isa'ku vkns'k@'kkjhfjd fodykax izek.k i= QksVks lfgr esa ls ,d nLrkost ykuk ¼5½ vko';d gksxk] blds vHkko esa izos'k ugha fn;k tk;sxkA ;fn izos'k i=@lk{kkRdkj gsrq cqykok i= ij eqfnzr QksVks o gLrk{kj vFkok nksuksa vLi"V ;k voS/k gks rks izos'k i= ij funsZ'kkuqlkj dk;Zokgh u djus ij dsUnzk/;{k@tkap a vf/kdkjh vH;FkhZ dks vkWuykbu ijh{kk@lk{kkRdkj esa lfEefyr gksus ls oafpr dj ldsaxsA Øe'k% (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------- QksVks lg gLrk{kj vVSpesaV gsrq vko';d funsZ'k vkosnd fuEu ckWDl dk iz;ksx QksVks fpidkdj rFkk gLrk{kj dj LdSu djus gsrq dj ldrs gSaA bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk tk, fd vkosnd iwjs ist dh LdSfuax u djsaA dsoy QksVks rFkk gLrk{kj ;qDr ckWDl dh gh LdSfuax dh tk,A vkosnd bl ckWDl ds vanj viuk QksVks fpidk,a ---------------------------------------------------------------- Size : 4.5cm X 3.5cm vkosnd bl ckWDl ds vanj gLrk{kj djsa Vhi%& vkWuykbu vkosnu gsrq iz;Dq r fd, tkus okys vkosnd ds QksVksxzkQ laca/kh funsZ'k %& vkosnd vkWuykbu vkosnu gsrq foKkiu tkjh gksus dh frfFk ;k mlds ckn dh ¼1½ frfFk esa f[kpok;k gqvk ikliksVZ lkbt dk QksVks vius ikl j[ksaA QksVks dk cSdxzkmUM lQsn @gYds jax dk gksuk pkfg, rFkk QksVks esa vH;FkhZ dh nksuksa vka[ksa Li"V fn[kkbZ nsuh pkfg,A QksVks ds fupys fgLls ij vH;FkhZ dk uke rFkk QksVks f[kpokus dh frfFk QksVksxzkQj }kjk fizaV dh gqbZ gksuh pkfg,A ¼2½ vkosnd vkWuykbu vkosnu djus ds iwoZ mDr ckWDl esa fu/kkZfjr ckDl ds vanj viuk uohure ikliksVZ lkbZt dk QksVks fpidkdj QksVks ds uhps gLrk{kj gsrq fu/kkZfjr ckWDl ds vanj dkys ckWy ikWbUV isu ls bl izdkj gLrk{kj djsa fd og Li"V gks rFkk gLrk{kj dk dksbZ fgLlk ckWDl ds ckgj u tk,A vkosnd QksVks o gLrk{kj;qDr mDr ist dks bl izdkj Ldsu djsa fd Ldsu dh gqbZ best esa QksVks rFkk gLrk{kj gsrq fu/kkZfjr ckWDl dks dUVsu@lekfgr djus okys ckWDl ds ckgj dk fgLlk Ldsu u gksA mDr izdkj ls Ldsu dh gqbZ best dks jpg QkWjesV esa save djsaA bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk tk, fd Ldsu dh gqbZ best dk lkbZt 100Kb ls vf/kd u gksA