Gratis Casino Spielautomaten Spielen

January-February 2015
Construction on the Duke Energy ONS Site
After the March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami at
Fukushima Dai-ichi in Japan, the nuclear industry and its regulators
immediately began looking closely at ways to ensure that safety is
maintained in the face of extreme natural events.
In August 2012 a draft report was issued by the Nuclear
Energy Institute (NEI) entitled “Diverse and Flexible Coping
Strategies (FLEX) Implementation Guide.” This report outlines
actions required to be taken by Nuclear Facility Licensees based
on lessons learned from the accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi. The
full draft report may be found at: <http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/
ML1222/ML12221A205.pdf> or go to FOLKS website, click on
Hot Topics, then Duke Energy.
One of the primary lessons learned was the significance of the
challenge presented by a loss of safety-related systems following the
occurrence of a beyond-design-basis external event. In the case of
Fukushima Dai-ichi, the extended loss of alternating current (AC)
power (ELAP) condition caused by the tsunami led to loss of core
cooling and a significant challenge to containment.
The design basis for U.S. nuclear plants includes bounding
analyses with margin for external events expected at each site.
Extreme external events (e.g., seismic events, external flooding, etc.)
Contents
Construction on the Duke Energy ONS Site
President’s Corner by Jack Lewis
Garden Happenings at SCBG
Musings with Patrick McMillan
Area Resident and Local Business Owner
Spearhead Hydroelectric Project
K-T Project: Shoreline Management Guidelines and Status of
Relicensing Project
Living History at Oconee Station State Historic Site
Finding Bass and Keeping Warm
Oconee Heritage Center Celebrates 10 Years!
Introducing New Business Members
More About Septic Systems
Facts about FOLKS Leadership Team: Carlton (Carl) Dunn
Septic Systems: Out of Sight Should Not Mean Out of Mind
FOLKS Membership & Donations Update
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle . . . Rethink
Gardening, Naturally! Secret Lives Inside American Holly
FOLKS Corporate & Business Members
beyond those accounted for in the design basis are highly unlikely
but could present challenges to nuclear power plants. In order to
address these challenges, this guide outlines the process to be used
by Nuclear Facility Licensees, Construction Permit Holders, and
Combined License Holders to define and deploy strategies that
will enhance their ability to cope with conditions resulting from
beyond-design-basis external events.
To better protect against unforeseen events, Duke Energy
is using the FLEX approach and a combination of installed plant
equipment, portable equipment and material stored on site, as well
as equipment and material stored at a remote but secure regional
location that can be brought onsite if needed. This builds on
existing safety approaches to provide another layer of backup safety
equipment. These actions are required by the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission for all nuclear utilities.
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
12
16
17
20
22
23
25
25
26
27
For the past few months, work has been underway between
Hwy #130 and the nuclear plant to construct Oconee's FLEX
storage building, which will house diesel generators, battery packs,
diesel-driven pumps, hoses, cables, towing vehicles and other items
that can be used as backup emergency equipment. The design of
the building will ensure this equipment is protected from seismic
events, flooding and high-wind missiles. Oconee Nuclear Station,
like three other Duke nuclear sites, will have a monolithic dome for
its FLEX structure. The Oconee dome is 150 feet in diameter, 43
feet tall, with a 24-inch thick concrete shell. E
At some point FERC will issue a “Ready for Environmental
Assessment” statement, which will trigger a period of comment
and a FERC-held public meeting. We will keep you apprised
of the timing of this event in The Sentinel, on our website
and via Constant Contact. You can receive Constant Contact
email notifications by going to our website homepage <www.
keoweefolks.org> and sign up.
Many people have inquired about the new construction
at the Oconee Nuclear Station. The article on page 1 of The
Sentinel describes the work being done as a result of lessons
learned from Japan’s Fukushima Dai-ichi disaster. The
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) held an open house
in 2014 and discussed the FLEX plan described in the article.
In addition to storing critical emergency equipment and parts,
the NRC is storing large pieces of emergency equipment in
locations in proximity to operating nuclear plants and will
have the capability of transporting by helicopter these large
pieces of equipment to any disaster site. The Jocassee Dam
stress modeling was also discussed and the dam was built to
withstand the largest seismic event of record, which was the
1886 Charleston Earthquake.
The FOLKS board is in the process of determining
where our priorities need to be focused for 2015. So if you
have any ideas or concerns, please let us know so we can
address them and become a more effective and memberfriendly organization. Thanks for all your support and have a
great and prosperous new year.
President’s
Corner
By Jack Lewis
The year 2014 had some very special and significant
events for Lake Keowee, and 2015 will be just as interesting, in
a different way. The relicensing application for Lake Keowee
was signed by Duke and its stakeholders and submitted to the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in August,
and a new operating agreement between the US Corps of
Engineers and the Southeastern Power Administration was
signed in October replacing an agreement in effect since 1968.
These two documents will begin to be implemented in 2015
and will be critical in guiding the operation of the lake for
the next 40 years. For this reason we look at it to be a very
important role of FOLKS to understand and implement the
new regulations and operations for the lake and to keep our
members informed and involved.
As part of our commitment to preserve and protect
Lake Keowee and its watershed, we will be focused on sources
and prevention of pollution to the lake by stressing the
importance of vegetated buffers and septic tank installation
and maintenance. Buffer zones are regulated by the counties
and by local homeowner associations and are important
in preventing pollution and preserving the overall look of
the lake. Septic systems could increase to 10,000 individual
systems in a fully developed shoreline, and there is a real need
for the state of South Carolina to require inspections upon
transfer of properties and issuing permits for repairs to record
the frequency of system failures. More importantly we need
to make homeowners aware of the damage a failed septic
system can do to the lake and the urgent need for proper
maintenance. On page 20 of this Sentinel you will see that
some very important changes were made in 2008, but systems
approved by DHEC prior to that were grandfathered and the
new regulations did not apply.
The relicensing process marches on with Duke
responding to FERC’s request for additional information
although the initial application is already nearly two feet high.
www.keoweefolks.org
Illegally Placed Buoys Issue
FOLKS has been talking about the buoy
removal issue with DNR, Duke Energy
and Senator Alexander.
For an update on this issue, go to FOLKS
website, click on Hot Topics, then on
Buoys Issue.
2
864-882-3655
Although it’s winter in the Garden, plants and wildlife abound turning a vast
palette of colors and textures into a living work of art. Camellias, daphne, pansies, and
a scattering of snapdragons, candytuft, sweet box, and hellebores are dotted throughout
the landscape. The trees and sky are alive with sparrows, wrens, red tailed hawks,
warblers, thrushes, chickadees, finches and woodpeckers. We also have a Great Blue
Heron visiting the Carolina Bay area of the Natural Heritage Garden Trail.
The plants aren’t decked out in their green finery, but without the leaves
obstructing our view, many other things become visible! Now is the time to really see
the interesting form of all the trees and bushes, not to mention their beautiful bark
patterns and each species’ unique bud shape and leaf scars. And, now you can see all the
vines and how each species wraps around trees, bushes, and each other.
Perhaps the most striking winter plant attraction is the berries. Attractive to birds,
squirrels, and other seed dispersers, berries are likewise very beautiful to us!
UPCOMING CLASSES
Jan 29, 2015 Planning a Three-Season Vegetable Garden -- Winter is the perfect
time to review seed catalogs, sort out what seeds you have, choose what to grow, and get
ready for sowing cool-season vegetables.
Jan 30, 2015 Garden Naturalist: Winter Tree Identification -- Become a wintertime
tree detective with Garden Educators! Spend a mid-winter morning exploring the guise
of deciduous trees in the Garden and enjoying the architectural beauty of the woods.
Feb 13, 2015 Chocolate: Seed to Sweet -- Where does chocolate come from? Take
a trip around the world to explore the answers to that question and more, and make
delicious goodies and a fun craft to celebrate Valentine’s Day.
Feb 17-Feb 24, 2015 Garden Naturalist: Interpretation Skills -- Do you love the
Garden and want to share it with others? Do you want to learn more about the Garden’s
history, current state of development and future plans? Do you want to develop your
nature interpretation skills? In this two part training, the Garden is a base to learn the
art and science of connecting people to nature. Materials provided.
ONGOING CLASSES
First Friday Nature Walks are led by, garden naturalist, Dr. David Bradshaw. Dr.
Bradshaw provides an awe-inspiring tour of the garden the first Friday of each month
and no two walks are every the same. You will learn about the seasonal blooms,
migrating and nesting birds, new conservation projects, and natural South Carolina
habitats. Wear comfortable shoes and appropriate dress for the weather. Walks always
begin at the red caboose, last between one and two hours and are free.
Hunt Cabin Open House is held the last Sunday of each month from 1pm to 4pm.
The themes change each month. January’s theme is “Make Do and Mend,” which was
the mantra of an earlier age when new clothes were rare and difficult to come by for
many. In this drop-in open house, explore the cloth and clothes worn by the Hunts
Friends Of Lake Keowee Society
4065 Keowee School Road
Seneca SC 29672
864-882-3655
Board of Directors
Jack Lewis, President
Greg Buck
Gary Burns
Cathy Reas Foster
Dave Goeckel
Dot Jackson, Emeritus John Kent
Kathleen Kojis
Rod McGinley
John Schmid
Bob Swank
Morris Warner
Ed Weiland
Brooks Wade (Friends Of Jocassee)
Executive Director
Ben Turetzky
Committee Chairs
Buildings & Grounds
Endowment/Finance
HEP Committee Rep.
HEP Committee Alt.
Membership
Technical
Web Administrator
open
Greg Buck
Carl Dunn
Dave Goeckel
Ben Turetzky
William J. Miller
Judy Koepnick
The Sentinel
Advertising,
Editor/Layout
Rod McGinley
Judy Koepnick
Advisors
Dr. Jeffrey Adelberg
Dr. Larry Dyck
Dr. Alan Elzerman
Dave Kroeger
Dr. Patrick McMillan
Lois Ardelean
Bill Ebeling
Dr. John Hains
Dr. Drew Lanham
Dr. Calvin Sawyer
Ombudsmen
Bob Cassam
The FOLKS Sentinel is published six times a
year and mailed to all active FOLKS members.
Any reproduction or duplication of this
publication, or any part thereof, must be done
with the publisher’s written permission. FOLKS
is not responsible for the claims made by the
advertisers.
Sentinel advertising rates can be found at:
http://www.keoweefolks.org/FOLKS/Sentinels.
html
Cont’d on p. 18
www.keoweefolks.org
3
864-882-3655
Patrick D. McMillan, PhD
Director, SC Botanical Garden
Host, Expeditions with Patrick McMillan
Director, Bob Campbell Geology Museum
Clemson University School of Agricultural,
Forest, and Environmental Sciences
Natural Heritage Garden to help us finish
this important project.
Inspired by new commitments on the
part of Clemson University, new talent in
the Garden and all the other incredible
changes and additions that you will be
learning about in the months to come, I am
making a challenge. Believe in us. Believe
in our mission. Challenge others to join and
to support us. When I started as director
of SCBG four years ago, I challenged our
Friends of the Garden to help us double our membership. We
have exceeded that goal and tripled our membership. I want to
challenge everyone to help us double our Friends membership,
yet again, within the next year.
Change can be good, and sometimes change can be
great. The changes we have had at the South Carolina Botanical
Garden definitely classify as great! As we continue to grow, a
new commitment from Clemson University and Public Service
Activities has resulted in the first new full-time positions we have
been able to add to the Garden since the economic downturn
in 2007. We will be hiring a full-time Natural Heritage Garden
manager and an Arboretum manager in the next few weeks. You
can’t imagine how much excitement this brings to the staff and
what a difference this will make in the appearance and growth
of the SCBG. The outpouring of support we have received from
our Friends, the public and Clemson University administration is
allowing us to make huge strides in reshaping and improving the
Garden.
The Sip and Stroll was a resounding success drawing more
than 300 people, many of them new to the Garden and now
new Friends. This event could not have happened, and definitely
wouldn’t have been the success it was, without the hard work and
dedication of the Sip and Stroll committee and our wonderful
sponsors: The Cliffs, the Collins Group, Castle Rock Winery,
Publix,
Foothills
Garden Club, Tiger
Transit, Anderson
Beer and Wine,
The Healthy Olive,
Head-Lee Nursery,
Monty Craig, Six
Chickens and a
Beer,
Clemson
Photography Club
and
Clemson
University Athletics.
This event showcased the progress of construction along the
Natural Heritage Garden Trail. We still have a few areas that
need additional funding to make them a reality, including the
Piedmont Granite Flatrock, Fall-line Waterfall (to replace the
current damaged reflection pool) and the Longleaf Pine Savanna
exhibit. We ask that you consider making a donation to the
www.keoweefolks.org
I am so proud of what our staff, volunteers and students
have accomplished. It is with great pride, high expectations and
a strong commitment that I look forward to the many exciting
projects to come as we continue to strive to make this the premier
garden in our region and a destination for everyone. E
4
864-882-3655
www.keoweefolks.org
5
864-882-3655
Area Resident and Local Business Owner
Spearhead Hydroelectric Project
By Susan Martin, Reprint from The Hartwell Lake News
Area resident Don George felt fortunate when a friend
Jason said. “This of course is a tall order. We had to utilize a
introduced him to Jason Smith, chief operating officer of S-Tek
grid-tied/off-grid system to accomplish this. Another objective
Building Solutions in Seneca, SC. Jason had been researching
was to control the lake level because the existing outlet was not
alternative sources of energy, and Mr. George was ready to
releasing enough water and the lake constantly overflowed the
implement a project on his property. The two decided to
overfill pipe.”
implement a micro-hydroelectric project at George’s residence,
Both objectives were met and now the George family
using lake water to provide the power.
has the ability to control their power production and lake
“The micro-hydro system that Jason installed for me is
level simultaneously. “These installed components also allow
four weeks in operation,”
them to see the real-time
Mr. George said. “I
consumption of individual
am excited that I am
circuits used in their home,
producing the electricity
providing an incredible
for my house. This is
awareness of their personal
unique in that as far as
energy
consumption,”
I am aware it is the first
Jason said. Mr. George said
micro-hydroelectric
the project has made him
system
to
supply
aware of his electric needs
residential power in the
and how much power he
Upstate. I live on a small
uses.
lake in Mountain Rest
“It has made me
and had often considered
aware of the potential of
tapping into this resource
alternative energy,” Mr.
for electricity. However,
George said, “whether it is
it was difficult to find
micro-hydro, solar or wind
someone in the area who
for residential use. There
Jason Smith in front of completed Penstock Outtake & Generator House, at riverside.
could help implement
are more people looking
the project. Fortunately, a friend knew of Jason and thought that
into this as our energy bills increase. Even though the upfront
he might be able to help. Jason spent a lot of time researching the
expense was great, I am enjoying the fact that my electricity is
project, putting all the components together and spearheading
now a minimal cost to me.”
the project. I am happy with the results.”
Smith said the generators produce approximately 1657
“The project began when I was approached by a gentlewatts per hour or 39,768 watts per day (39.7 kW). “The generators
man, Mr. Frank Powell, at one of our local home shows,” Jason
are not very large or loud and run solely off the water that turns
said. “We were engaged in conversation about alternative power
the Turgo wheel,” he said. “The client has been banking or having
prompted by a solar panel we had at our booth at the Seneca
an excess of approximately 20 kW per day over what they use.
home show. During our conversation the question was asked
This of course changes depending on the season and how the
whether or not we had done any micro-hydroelectric projects.”
individual may use power from their homes. We have de-tuned
Smith said he told Powell he had been studying the possibilities
the generators, meaning that they’re capable of even more power
for some time.
than we are currently allowing them to produce.” E
“I was aware of the potential benefits of such a system for
the residential market,” Jason said. “After talking about a few
technical aspects of such a project, exuding great enthusiasm for
a project of this nature, Mr. Powell alluded to the fact that he may
have a potential client that was interested. He also said he had a
great potential micro-hydroelectric site. I agreed to this and after
the initial site survey, the rest is history.”
The short-term goals for the project were to assemble
the system components, which took much research pairing
components to deal with the estimated amounts of power that
were projected for production. “We wanted to make enough
power for the client to virtually zero-out his power bill as well
as being able to have available power when the grid goes down,”
www.keoweefolks.org
6
864-882-3655
Keowee-Toxaway Project
Shoreline Management Guidelines and
Status of Relicensing Process
Shoreline Management Guidelines (SMG)
We have reported numerous times that the new SMG provisions were going
into effect on September 1, 2014. Duke-Energy has made available hard copies of
the SMG, and there are some at the FOLKS office. Although the document may be
found on the Duke Relicensing website, some HOAs have found it handy to have
copies available to its board. If you would like a hard copy, please call the FOLKS
office 864-882-3655.
Please note that we have chosen to not repeat every filing on the FOLKS
website, so if you wish to download an electronic copy of the Final Relicensing
Application filed on August 27, 2014, please go to: <http://www.duke-energy.com/
lakes/keowee-toxaway-relicensing.asp>. The SMG is Appendix “C” and all of the
filings are in chronological order from the establishment of the stakeholder team to
the August Relicensing Agreement filing.
Relicensing Process Update
Duke has been responding to questions and clarifications from the FERC for
a few months as the FERC progresses to the stage of an Environmental Assessment
(EA). That will involve a period for public comment as well as a public meeting in Oconee County. There will be wide notification of
the dates and venues of meetings as well as the process for filing comments with FERC. E
www.keoweefolks.org
7
864-882-3655
Living History at Oconee Station State Historic Site
By Scott Alexander Park Interpreter
Oconee Station served as a western outpost along the
frontier during the 1790s. During that time South Carolina state
militia were garrisoned at the station to protect settlers from raids
by Creek and Cherokee Indians. Accurately interpreting what
it was like for these frontiersmen and their families is one of the
primary goals for Oconee Station State Historic Site.
A powder horn, “…carved with a variety of whimsical figures and
devices,” as described by Smyth. This horn has an engraving of a griffin,
a mythical creature that is part horse and part eagle.
Each of the re-enactors who participates in living
history events at Oconee Station has assembled the clothing
and accoutrements of the late 18th century appropriate for an
individual of a given social class or station. Because many of the
items used during the late 18th century were handmade, many
re-enactors have developed the skills to produce the period items
that they wear or use.
Interpreting the appearance of the frontiersmen at Oconee
Station is challenging. Information about the clothing and
equipment used by eastern frontiersmen usually comes from three
possible sources: period drawings and paintings, items that have
survived from that time period, and written descriptions from
that time such as the following written by J. F. D. Smyth in 1784.
“Their whole dress is also very singular, and not very
materially different from that of the Indians; being a hunting
shirt, somewhat resembling a waggoner’s frock, ornamented with
a great many fringes, tied round the middle with a broad belt, much
decorated also, in which is fastened a tomahawk, an instrument
that serves every purpose of defense and convenience; being a
hammer on one side and a sharp hatchet at the other; the shot
bag and powder horn, carved with a variety of whimsical figures
and devices, hang from the necks
over one sholder; and their heads
a flapped hat of a reddish hue,
proceeding from the intensely
hot beams of the sun. Sometimes
they wear leather breeches, made
of Indian dressed elk, or deer
skins, but more frequently thin
trowsers. On their legs they
have Indian boots, or leggings,
made of coarse woolen cloth,
that either are wrapped around
loosely and tied with garters, and
always come better than half way
up the thigh....On their feet they
sometimes wear pumps of their
own manufacture, but generally
Indian moccasins.”
www.keoweefolks.org
The author explains how powder horns were made.
Several weekends a year Oconee Station State Historic Site
hosts living history events to allow the public the opportunity
to learn more about the frontier time period in western South
Carolina. Re-enactors demonstrate everything from black
powder fire arms to open hearth cooking.
The next frontier living history event at Oconee Station
State Historic site is scheduled for February 14, 2015 from
10am – 3pm. The event will take place regardless of the weather.
Several recent events have been held inside the historic buildings
due to rain. On one occasion the winter event took place with
three inches of snow on the ground. The public is invited to join
8
864-882-3655
us and learn more about life on the frontier over two hundred
years ago.
A demonstration of flintlock muskets and rifles.
These ladies are making not only highly decorative items but utilitarian
items such as gloves for colder weather.
Oconee Station State Historic Site is operated by the South
Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, & Tourism. The park
is open Friday – Sunday from December – February. The rest
of the year it is open seven days a week. Tours of the historic
Site are available on Saturday and Sunday from 1pm – 5pm.
For additional information please visit our web site at <www.
southcarolinaparks.com> or call (864) 638-0079. E
www.keoweefolks.org
9
864-882-3655
www.keoweefolks.org
10
864-882-3655
www.keoweefolks.org
11
864-882-3655
Finding Bass and Keeping Warm
By Bill Walker, Tournament Director of the Keowee Anglers
Lake Keowee, December 6, 2014
How can I find and catch bass on Lake Keowee in winter?
AND, how can I stay warm and comfy in the process? After
all, when I’m cold, fishing is no fun! In last January’s Sentinel I
wrote a well-received article about finding and catching bass on
Lake Keowee in winter. Since the seasonal cycles tend to repeat, I
suggest that you read that article to learn about catching bass this
winter.
“What good does that do me?” you say, “I can’t find last
January’s Sentinel!” Well, if that’s your problem, you’re in luck!
FOLKS has just revised and updated the fishing page on its
website, which now contains most of my fishing articles for the
last two years plus some of the more adventurous articles from
further back. To find my article from last January’s Sentinel, go
to the FOLKS home page at <www.keoweefolks.org>, click on
the Waterside menu at the top, and when you get to the next
page, click on the Fishing icon. The January 2014 article about
“Winter Bass on Lake Keowee” is there!
I build out the layers from there. I pay special attention to my
extremities. I wear extra thick socks, sometimes two pair! I wear
a thin pair of gloves through which I can still feel my fishing
equipment and can still handle my lures. Once your fingers
get too cold, they don’t get warm again. But be careful: thick
wooly gloves tend to get caught on fishing hooks! My hat comes
down over my ears and is warmly lined with thick rabbit-fur.
(Remember, a lot of body heat can be lost through the head!)
I also have a knit wool cylindrical neckpiece that slips all the
way down over my head and goes around my neck to fill the
gap between my layers of sweatshirts and coats and my hat. My
winter outer coat has a hood that goes up over my head for extra
warmth, but I find the hood a confining nuisance and don’t like
to use it while fishing unless absolutely necessary, so my neckpiece
and hat allow me to freely move my head and put off using my
hood. And, if necessary, I can pull that neckpiece up in front to
cover my face all the way to my eyes.
Now let’s focus the rest of this article on keeping warm
during winter fishing. Here are my basic guidelines for keeping
warm and comfy while winter fishing.
Don’t fish when the weather’s too cold. I personally draw
the line and declare it’s too cold for fishing to be fun when I
occasionally have to dunk my fishing rod into the relatively warm
lake water to get the ice out of the line guides. And even if I don’t
quite have to do that, it can still be uncomfortably cold. So I
generally stay at home in front of a warm fire with a warm drink
and a book if the air temperature, including forecast wind chill,
is less than 40°F. There will be another day to fish!
Don’t fish in the early morning. Not only does the sun feel
warmer later in the day, but also the sun shining on the water
makes the fish more active later in the day. So, while most of the
year I prefer fishing from the crack of dawn until the morning
sun hits the water, in January and February I prefer fishing the
last two hours of daylight. I find that after the sun has warmed
the water a bit during the day and the light level drops in the
evening, some bass do tend to move up onto the points and into
the ends of the bays looking for food.
Always bring one more layer of clothing than you think you
need. You can always take it off in the boat if it’s too much, but if
you need a layer you don’t have, then you must go back in. You
may not need that extra layer if you’re fishing while sitting still,
but as the day wears on and the sun drops toward the horizon,
the winter temperatures can drop quickly. And remember the
wind chill of a moving boat! (Because I wanted to fish in winter,
when I bought my last boat, I made a point of getting one with
Don’t fish early on a winter day in the fog. A cold, damp
fog can not only penetrate a lot of layers of clothing, it can also
be extremely disorienting and dangerous. Don’t underestimate
it! If I do go out in the fog, I only fish the shore near home. I’ve
personally seen a few close calls where anglers have relied on their
electronics to go bombing out through the fog confident they
could avoid the points and shallow shoals. What they forgot was
that their electronics don’t help them against other boaters who
are doing the same thing. True, the odds of a collision in the fog
are small, but consequences of a collision on the water can be
disastrous. Don’t risk it.
Dress warmly in layers. In the winter I start with long
underwear so that even my legs have at least two layers. Then
www.keoweefolks.org
12
864-882-3655
a windshield that went all the way across, protecting me and my
passengers from the wind chill and damp bow spray of a boat
moving through waves ... and, boy, am I glad I did!) If you
don’t have a windshield, bring rain-suit pants as an extra windbreaking, spray-protecting layer for your legs!
Resist the temptation to bring a hot beverage, or to drink
one before going out. While a hot beverage can feel really good,
what goes in the top end tends to come out the bottom end. And
when I’m all bundled up in layers of warm clothes on the deck of
a bobbing fishing boat with gear and hooks all around, it’s nice
not to worry about opening things up to eliminate body fluids.
Bring your cell phone. What you would do in the winter with
evening coming on if, heaven forbid, your engine doesn’t start when
you are ready to head for home? What if you end up being out on
the lake longer than you expected, and temperatures continue to get
colder and colder. It happens, and if it happens to you, be thankful
that you brought your cell phone to call for help. Hm-m-m, now
that I think about it, maybe TWO extra layers of clothing would be
a good idea!
So, in winter I mostly like to fish sunny afternoons with no
wind. The sun helps keep me warm, and the lack of wind allows me
to position my boat for very slow movement over the creek channels
for controlled use of my drop-shot rig. And if I want to fish the
shallows, I do it late in the day as the light is fading, wearing extra
layers of clothing in preparation for falling evening temperatures.
All that helps keep me warm, and when I’m warm, I’m comfortable
enough to really enjoy my fishing! E
www.keoweefolks.org
13
864-882-3655
www.keoweefolks.org
14
864-882-3655
www.keoweefolks.org
15
864-882-3655
Oconee Heritage Center
Celebrates 10 Years!
By Leslie White, Director/Curator
Ed. This photo is one of the displays in the Heritage Center, which is
a great place to bring children or grandchildren. In the next issue we
plan on an article about the Pickens County Heritage Center, which
has another interesting set of exhibits. Finally we hope to have an
article on the Cherokee Indian Center in Walhalla.
appreciate what they do and are glad to provide our facility as a
place to hold their meetings.”
Oconee Heritage Center stays quite busy on its own,
offering a range of public programs for all ages. Each year,
Oconee Heritage Center welcomes an average of 1,000 students
from local and upstate school districts for educational field trips.
During the summer, children participate in a series of summer day
camps at OHC. These Oconee Appalachian Kids (OAK) engage
in many fun and educational activities centered on Oconee’s
diverse history and heritage. Adults enjoy a variety of speaking
engagements by local authors, experts, and enthusiasts, and
families can participate in any of the OHC’s numerous seasonal
and holiday activities, as well as Trivia Night each month.
“We always have a great time at the OHC, whether it is a
formal field trip with students or informal activities with visiting
families. We love to see families with children actively learning
about our collective past as Americans and our local heritage as
Oconeeans, and our older guests often share wonderful stories
with us about their lifelong experiences in the area,” White said.
Despite the many successes at Oconee Heritage Center,
there is always room for growth and improvement, according to
White.
“We see about 3,000 – 4,000 visitors per year. We would
definitely like to see that number soar. Word of mouth is the best,
and cheapest, form of advertising. We need people to spread the
word,” White said.
The organization is currently in the midst of a 10-year
Capital Campaign working to raise funds for much needed
facility maintenance and renovations.
“Our main priority is to make sure the facilities are safe,
comfortable, and accessible for visitors. We also have to ensure
2014 marks an important 10-year milestone for Oconee’s
only comprehensive history museum. Oconee Heritage Center
has been serving Oconee’s residents and visitors with historic
preservation, interpretation, and education since 2004. The
center has come a long way since its grassroots beginnings. Today,
Oconee Heritage Center (OHC) operates two locations: its main
location in downtown Walhalla and its first branch location, the
General Store Museum, in downtown Westminster. OHC is
also working to restore historic Center Methodist Church in the
Oakway community.
“The OHC has really blossomed in the last 10 years. We
are and have always been constantly working to improve and
expand our facilities, exhibits, programs, and outreach,” said
Director/Curator Leslie White.
Oconee Heritage Center’s main location in Walhalla
houses an ever-growing collection of artifacts, many of which
are featured in the permanent exhibit spanning Oconee’s history
from Native Americans to Duke Energy. In many ways the
OHC also serves as a community center, providing a low-cost
multipurpose space to rent for those wishing to have civic club
meetings, county commission meetings, baby/wedding showers,
birthday parties, family reunions, and more.
“We see all sorts of meetings here,” said White. “Most
of the civic groups in Oconee operate with very low overhead
so that their funds can do more for their specific charities. We
www.keoweefolks.org
16
864-882-3655
that our storage and display areas provide the proper environment
and conditions for the preservation of our artifacts,” White said.
“Both of these efforts require significant funds for interior and
exterior maintenance and renovations.”
Oconee Heritage Center, Inc. is a 501(c) 3 not-for-profit
organization independently governed by a board of directors
and staffed by a full-time Director Curator, part-time Assistant
Curator/Education Specialist, and part-time Administrative
Assistant.
“We do a lot with a little,” said White. “Oconee County
Parks Recreation and Tourism (PRT) funds my position as
director/curator and gives us an annual grant that pays for some
of our utilities. We make up the rest via donations, memberships,
fundraisers, and some grants. It can be tough, but we see the
need for what we do. Oconee residents deserve a professional,
attractive, and effective museum system that preserves our
heritage for future generations and showcases our cultural
heritage to visitors and newcomers.”
Oconee Heritage Center is located at 123 Brown’s Square
Drive in Walhalla. The museum is open Thursday and Friday 126pm and Saturdays 10am-3pm, with plans to extend operational
hours in 2015. The General Store Museum is located at 126
E. Main Street in Westminster. The branch location is open
with the help of volunteers from the Westminster Area Historic
Preservation Society on Fridays and Saturdays 10am to 1pm.
Both locations are open by special request for families and groups
wishing to visit outside of normal hours. For more information
visit <www.oconeeheritagecenter.org> or call 864-638-2224. E
www.keoweefolks.org
Introducing
New Business Member
Paul E. Galbreath
Septic Tank Inspections & Mapping
Clemson University brought Paul Galbreath to the
upstate almost 25 years ago. As a student, he would spend
his weekends and free time hiking, biking, and exploring the
beauty of the Upstate’s great outdoors. Upon graduation Paul
acquired a job with Kingfisher Lake Maps which introduced
him to the world of cartography as well as to Lake Keowee.
This later lead Paul to self-publish The Upstate SC Recreation
Map.
From mapping to CAD to GIS and utilities, Paul worked
to become a water and wastewater operator. He currently has
the highest levels of certification in biological wastewater
treatment, wastewater collections, water distribution, and
cross connection control in SC, NC and GA. Paul puts his
knowledge to work by performing septic tank inspections for
individuals and communities around Lake Keowee. Paul is
fully insured and offers community wide discounts.
Learn more about Paul at www.carolinamapping.com.
Contact Paul: pegalbreath@gmail.com or 864-903-1836. 17
864-882-3655
Cont’d from p. 3
in the 19th century. Try your hand at weaving, spinning and
sewing, and enjoy tales of beautiful quilts. February’s theme is
“With Rice in her Hair,” which explores the African influence
on southern foods, and the ways in which enslaved AfricanAmericans developed a rich culinary tradition.
SPECIAL EVENTS
Join us for the 4th annual Garden Gala, Saturday, April
25, 2015. This year’s event will focus on one of our most
important groups: Children! For inquiries, please call 864656-3405.
SPRING CONCERT SERIES 2015
Spring is time to break out the picnic baskets and relax
under the stars while listening to great music performed by
local artists. Friday night concerts in the Garden offer a variety
of music for every taste, including bluegrass, alternative, jazz,
indie, rock, and country. Join us in the Amphitheater every
Friday evening at 7pm from March 27 through April 24. In
case of inclement weather, concerts are cancelled at artists’
discretion. Cancellations are always posted on SCBG website
and Facebook page. If you are interested in donating your
talent, please email Darlene Evans at cathye@clemson.edu.
For a full schedule of classes and more information
about the South Carolina Botanical Garden, please visit www.
clemson.edu/scbg or call 864-656-3405. E
CLICK
AND WALK AWAY
™
SILHOUETTE ®
ULTRAGLIDE ® 2
CLICK AND WALK
AWAY ™ SYSTEM
A convenient, self-lowering
system provides easy
operation with just
one click while enhancing
the safety of every home.
Contact us to learn more!
Blinds And Us, Inc.
528 Bypass 123, Suite B
Seneca, SC 29678
M-F: 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM
864-882-7544
www.blindsandus.com
© 2014 Hunter Douglas. All rights reserved. All trademarks used herein are the property of Hunter Douglas.
www.keoweefolks.org
18
47863
864-882-3655
www.keoweefolks.org
19
864-882-3655
More About Septic Systems
By Ben Turetzky
As you all know, there are magazines on just about every
subject you ever wanted to read about. These hints are coming
from “Pumper” Magazine. You may already be aware of some
of this information. In addition to the “hints” you will also find
what actions are being taken by other states. Please let us know
if you find any “gems” in this article that will help your system’s
performance.
What can I put in my septic tank?
Here is my somewhat tongue-in-cheek answer: Do not put
anything into the septic tank unless you have eaten it first! The
one exception I will allow is toilet paper and then only a limited
amount! This usually gets their attention and from there we can
talk specifics.
Dispose of medicines properly. The tank should not
become a repository for unused medicines. Medications should
be properly disposed of according to local and state rules. Some
medicines can harm the bacterial action in the tank, resulting
in problems with the drainfield. (Also please note that there are
periodic Household Hazardous Waste Collection days where old
medicines can be brought.
South Carolina
On January 1, 2008 some significant changes were made
in the South Carolina septic system regulations. Principal among
these is the requirement that a drain field be at least 75’ from a
waterbody (from the current 50’). FOLKS played a critical role
in this important change in that we had been in communication
with the DHEC Water Quality personnel with our concern
about the estimated 10,000 septic systems that will eventually be
on the Lake Keowee shoreline. DHEC planned on conducting a
study both on Lake Keowee and down on the low country. The
low country work was performed first and nitrates were found
65’ from the edge of drainfields. DHEC said they did not have
sufficient funds to perform the work on Lake Keowee but they
proposed a 75’ setback based on the low country findings.
In addition to the 75’ setback the regulations were also
changed to require that septic placement suitability requires that
each lot must be tested rather than the practice of testing only
some randomly selected lots. The final regulation addition was to
require that space equal to 50% of the drainfield area be set aside
adjacent to the approved drainfield for possible future repair. The
only negative aspect of the implementation was that any lots that
had been approved by DHEC were grandfathered. Nevertheless,
as construction continues to rebound the new regulations
represent much-needed protection of our waters.
The toilet is not another wastebasket. First, even with
today’s low-flow toilets, additional water is added to the system
with each flush. So the toilet should not be used to dispose of
cigarette butts or other smoking materials. It should not be used
to flush baby wipes, sanitary napkins or paper towels. Normal
household use of cleaning products to keep the bowl clean are all
right, but products that provide a constant flush of antibacterial
cleaners should be avoided.
Minnesota
Minnesota has become the first state to ban the sale of
antibacterial soaps, body washes and other products containing
triclosan. The ban takes effect January 2017. According to U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, about 75% of antibacterial soaps
and body washes contain the chemical. While not dangerous to
humans, it is suspected to contribute to drug-resistant bacteria
and disrupt reproductive hormones in some animals.
Avoid the garbage disposal. There are several reasons to
avoid using a garbage disposal. First, the solids have not been
partially digested, so they take longer to break down in the tank.
The solids are often very fine after having been ground up in
the disposal, so they do not settle well in the tank and have a
tendency to semi-float, clogging the effluent screen (filter if you
have one). The additional solids can lead to increased BOD
(biological oxygen demand) to the drainfield, which cause an
increase in the biomat (layer under the drainfield where treatment
takes place). Use of the disposal adds more water to the system.
Many brands of disposals call for running cold tap water for 5
minutes following the grinding of solids to make sure everything
flows through the piping. All of these items add up to the need
for additional septic tank maintenance. If homeowners are going
to have a disposal, they should consider a service agreement for
regular pumping and cleaning (if available).
According to the University of Minnesota Onsite Sewage
Treatment Program, normal use of antibacterial products is
acceptable, though it destroys some good and bad bacteria in
a septic system. Excessive amounts of these products, however,
“can cause significant and even total destruction of the [bacteria]
population.”
www.keoweefolks.org
In a fact sheet, the university says, “Several professionals
have reported problems with low or no bacterial activity in systems and upon the removal of antibacterial products from the
home, beneficial bacterial activity returns and desired treatment
functions resume. These products affect all treatment systems
but because of special attention being paid to new ‘alternative’
treatment technologies in the onsite industry, it is possible that
some systems may be more affected by fluctuating bacterial
numbers than others. More research needs to be done on this as
well.”
20
864-882-3655
FDA Comments
Every day, consumers use antibacterial soaps and body
washes at home, work, school and in other public settings.
Especially because so many consumers use them, FDA believes
that there should be clearly demonstrated benefits to balance any
potential risks. In fact, there currently is no evidence that overthe-counter (OTC) antibacterial soap products are any more
effective at preventing illness than washing with plain soap and
water, says Colleen Rogers, Ph.D., a lead microbiologist at FDA.
Moreover, antibacterial soap products contain chemical
ingredients, such as triclosan and triclocarban, which may carry
unnecessary risks given that their benefits are unproven. “New
data suggest that the risks associated with long-term, daily use
of antibacterial soaps may outweigh the benefits,” Rogers says.
There are indications that certain ingredients in these soaps may
contribute to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and may have
unanticipated hormonal effects that are of concern to FDA.
In light of these data, the agency issued a proposed rule
on December 16, 2013 that would require manufacturers to
provide more substantial data to demonstrate the safety and
effectiveness of antibacterial soaps. The proposed rule covers only
those consumer antibacterial soaps and body washes that are used
with water. It does not apply to hand sanitizers, hand wipes or
antibacterial soaps that are used in health care settings such as
hospitals. E
www.keoweefolks.org
21
864-882-3655
Facts about FOLKS Leadership Team – Carlton (Carl) Dunn
Going back to the May 1994 Sentinel we came across the
first article of a series introducing John Barnes, the first FOLKS
President. We decided to restart the tradition, and Carl Dunn
volunteered to be the first. Carl was originally from Glens Falls
/ Lake George area of NY State. He and his
wife Jacqui have lived in South Carolina
since 1958. He served with the Occupation
troops in Germany. Locally employed as
V.P. Claims for Canal Insurance Company
and retired as Sr. V.P. Legal Services. Since
retiring in 2004, Carl has served nationally as
an insurance company consultant, mediator,
arbitrator and negotiator of large claims. He
has had property on Lake Keowee since 1971
and currently resides there with wife Jacqui.
They have raised 3 children, and now have
7 grandchildren all of whom enjoy Lake
Keowee. Carl has been actively involved with
FOLKS, serving on the board for the past
six years and currently serving as FOLKS’ representative to the
Habitat Enhancement Proposal Review Committee.
Carleton (Carl) Dunn was 20 years old when he was hired
in 1953 by the Corporation to dive in Lake George and search
for artifacts from the French and Indian War. At that time, scuba
diving was in its infancy and the only place to obtain air was over
60 miles away. When not diving, he actively
participated in the ongoing archeological
excavations conducted prior to rebuilding the
fort.
Present day archeologist doing current
digs in that same general area have called on
him for several years both to inform them
about the earlier excavations and to talk to
archaeology students working for college
credits during the summer months. Dr.
David R. Starbuck, professor of archeology at
Plymouth State College in New Hampshire,
conducts annual digs with both students and
volunteers. Dr. Starbuck has written several
books about that general area and the historical significance of
Lake George, Lake Champlain, the Hudson River, Fort William
Henry, Fort Edward, Rodgers Island (home of Rogers’ Rangers),
Fort Ticonderoga, Fort Gage, Fort Ann and the Fort George
Battleground. In his book, “The Massacre at Fort William
Henry,” he quotes Dunn and makes reference to his help and
“superior memory of the details of the 1950s archeological
excavation project.” Dr. Starbuck has written another book
entitled, “The Legacy of Fort William Henry” (2014). It contains
many references to Carleton and his invaluable help.
Now, as Paul Harvey used to say, for “the rest of the story.”
The fort used by James Fenimore Cooper in his book “The Last of
the Mohicans” was Fort William Henry, built in 1755 during the
French and Indian War when Britain and France were fighting
for control of northeast America and Canada. This British fort,
sitting on the southern end of Lake George NY, was destroyed by
the French in 1757. Two hundred years later the fort was rebuilt
by the Fort William Henry Corporation.
www.keoweefolks.org
Inside the reconstructed fort is a museum dedicated to the
early excavations and diving activities. Joe Zarzinski, renowned
modern day archeological diver, participated in creating the
museum and furnished a copy of a museum display showing
Carl recovering articles from Lake George. This summer Carl
returned to Lake George and was invited to participate in Dr.
Starbuck’s excavations at the Fort George Battlegrounds located
several hundred yards from Fort William Henry. It was the first
time he had “dug” since 1953 and says, “It was loads of fun. I got
the same feelings of anticipation of a find as I had while digging
sixty-one years ago.” E
22
864-882-3655
www.keoweefolks.org
23
864-882-3655
www.keoweefolks.org
24
864-882-3655
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle . . . Rethink
FOLKS Membership &
Donations Update
by Judy Koepnick, Keep Oconee Beautiful Association
By now, we all know these words: Reduce. Reuse. Recycle.
Reduce is conservation of resources: unplug electronic devices,
purchase energy-efficient appliances, consider solar energy, use rain
barrels. Simple things when multiplied by millions of people make
a difference. Reuse simply means that an item is donated for resale
or is used several times before going in the trash. Recycle household
waste (paper, plastic, glass, metal), and use one of several recycling
centers in Oconee County. Let me add rethink: being aware of
ways to consume less and throw away less. Try to purchase durable,
long lasting goods and products. Look for products that have little
packaging. Buy fewer items. Avoid single-use items. Dispose of trash
responsibly.
Welcome and thank you to the new members and to those
who have renewed at levels above Family between November
6 and December 31, 2014
Donations:
Gary Castle, Stephen Chase, Dick Eaton, Bill Ebeling,
Kathleen & George Eichler, Heidi & David Frost,
Prudence & Wayne Gersch, Regina & Joe Harber,
Steve Collins Harbour Pointe HOA in memory of
John Kenneth Black, Jack & Bobbi Lewis *, William
Morris in memory of Jeff Gully, Jack Postle, Thomas
Smith, Margaret & Charles Stevens in memory of Doug
Whitehead, Sandra & Bob Swank , Reggie & Ben
Turetzky in memory of Bill Crommett
Many of us who routinely recycle deserve a bit of credit for
saving space in our landfills. On average, each man, woman and
child in America generates or makes about 4.5 pounds of trash every
day. Multiplied by millions of people, landfills will simply fill up.
Trash in landfills is denied sunlight and oxygen that help degrade
materials over time, so it takes a very long time for things to break
down. Municipal solid waste is composed of various items, such as
packaging, food waste, sofas, electronics, tires, and appliances. “How
Long Does It Take Garbage to Decompose?” by Rick LeBlanc was an
eye-opener for me. Here are some estimates on how long it takes:
New Business Members
Carolina Real Estate, Melanie Fink - 1st Choice Realty,
Paul Galbraith – Septic Systems Inspections, State Farm
Insurance, Rainmaker, Inc., Sexton Griffith Custom
Builders, LLC
t Plastic Waste — plastic bags take 10-20 years to decompose,
while plastic bottles take 450 years.
t Disposable Diapers — approximately 550 years to
decompose in landfills, but new programs offering diaper and
absorbent hygiene product recycling offer an alternative.
t Aluminum Cans — about 80-200 years in landfills to get
completely decomposed.
t Glass is easy
2011 Total MSW Generation (by material)
enough to recycle,
250 Million Tons (before recycling)
but glass in landfills
takes million years
Other 3.3%
to decompose, if it
Food 14.5%
decomposes as all.
Yard 13.5%
t Paper Waste, by
volume, is the largest
element in American Wood 6.4%
Paper 28%
landfills and takes 2-6 Rubber, leather,
weeks to decompose.
textiles 8.2%
t Food Waste by
Plastic
weight, is the largest
12.7%
waste item in American
Metals
landfills and takes 1-6
Glass 4.6%
8.8%
months to decompose.
New Corporate Members
Oconee Federal Savings & Loan
New Family Members
Carolyn & Warren Newton, Debbie & RJ Adams
New & Renewing Patron Members
Gail & Roger Dilling, Reid Thomas, Diane Smock &
Bradford Wyche
When you renew, please consider stepping up
to the next level:
1BUSPOt4QPOTPS
* Corporate Matching Program
BECOME A COMMUNITY CONTACT
We need your help soliciting membership in your
community. FOLKS is not an organization just for
waterside residents. Since we all live in a watershed,
we all have an effect on the lake by what we do -- and
do not do -- on our property.
Ending on a good note, the EPA website states: “Over the
last few decades, the generation, recycling, composting, and disposal
of MSW have changed substantially. Solid waste generation per
person per day peaked in 2000 while the 4.38 pounds per person
per day is the lowest since the 1980s. The recycling rate has increased
– from less than 10% of MSW generated in 1980 to over 34% in
2012. Disposal of waste to a landfill has decreased from 89% of the
amount generated in 1980 to under 54% of MSW in 2012.” At least
in the U.S., if each of us does what we can to reduce and recycle, the
scenario appears to be looking better. E
Becoming a Community Contact involves giving
a welcome packet to new residents and talking about
FOLKS membership when the opportunity arises.
FOLKS would also be pleased to conduct an informal
gathering in your community. Please call Maryjo at the
FOLKS office (882-3655) to find out how easy it can
be.
www.keoweefolks.org
25
864-882-3655
Gardening, Naturally!
Secret Lives Inside an American Holly
Good intentions had me extolling the virtues of including
American holly in the landscape plan, since I find its mottled
whitish bark and well-spaced evergreen branches so much more
appealing than the thick gloss of popular imports. Instead, it’s
a single leaf of the tree sitting on the desk in front of me that
gets my attention. The surface of the holly leaf is decorated
by the twining path of leafminers, which have recorded a large
portion of their life cycles within the layers of the leathery leaf.
There have been at least two different leafminers lunching on this
sample. One has tunneled all the way around the outer margin of
the leaf, from the base to the tip and
down to the base again, neatly delving
into each thorny lobe. The other has
made a trail that loops sporadically
within the middle of the leaf, crossing
paths repeatedly like the highways at
Spaghetti Junction. Biologists who
study insects have discovered these
trails to be a good way of identifying
the type of leafminer living within.
Sometimes the insects eat their way through the leaf in an orderly
fashion, mining a straight line across, then U-turning to neatly
consume an adjacent row, like a harvester working a corn field.
Others forage in seemingly random loops and squiggles, like one
of the two inside this American holly leaf.
Leafminer tracks are found in the leaves and fruits of
many plants. Tomato plants have them. Camellias have them.
Columbines almost always have them. These other leafminers
may morph in to sawflies or moths, but the miner (one of them,
anyway) in my leaf is most likely Phytomyza iliciola, which in
its adult form is a tiny fly that looks very much like a miniature
housefly. Phytomyza iliciola is entirely dependent on the beautiful
American holly, its sole food source. More than one species of
leafminer might use the holly as a host, but P. iliciola cannot live
on another species of holly.
The leafminer begins life in spring as a bump on the
underside of a tender young leaf. The mother fly has deposited an
egg there by piercing the leaf with the ovipositor on her rear end.
The egg hatches and the newborn larvae commences eating the
www.keoweefolks.org
inside of the leaf. As it eats, it inches forward creating a slender
trail visible along the top side of the leaf. Follow the trail and one
can see the growth of the larvae from a thin line to a thicker line.
One can also see evidence of its eating in the poop trail it leaves
behind. (Or, more delicately said, its frass.)
For eight to ten months the leafminer eats its way through
the holly leaf. The damage left in its wake is rarely devastating
to the plant, but great numbers of leafminers will surely reduce
the vigor of their host. The biggest problem comes about when a
sharp-eyed gardener notices the squiggles in the leaves and deems
them unsightly enough to bring out
the pesticides. Common pesticides
do not reach an insect protected
within a sandwich of leaf cells, but
they are capable of killing off the one
enemy of P. iliciola. That enemy is a
tiny parasitic wasp known as Opius
striatriventris. This particular little
wasp is adept at laying its eggs right
next to the egg of the leafminer. When
the wasp egg hatches, its larvae burrows into the leafminer larvae,
and lives there quietly for months while the leafminer eats its way
around the leaf. Just before the leafminer become an adult fly, the
wasp larvae eats it from the inside out, and instead of a tiny fly
emerging from the holly leaf, out comes a tiny wasp instead.
I don’t know whether my American holly leaf has a
parasitic wasp inside one of the leafminers inside its cells, but I
do know that nature has a much better way of keeping itself in
balance than we give it credit for. Does the American holly send a
signal to the parasitic wasp that a food source is present, as some
trees are known to do? I don’t know that either. I do know that
the American holly, Ilex opaca, is a beautiful and most interesting
understory tree that deserves space in many more landscapes
throughout the Southeast. E
Questions? Comments? Concerns?
Email me at <thistleandthorn@gmail.com>
Kay Wade
26
864-882-3655
FOLKS Corporate & Business Members
We appreciate the support of our Corporate and Business Members and know that they will appreciate your patronage.
When you do so, please thank them for supporting FOLKS.
Corporate Members
Blue Ridge Electric Cooperative, Inc.
Crescent Resources
Michelin North America
City of Seneca
Duke Energy World of Energy
Oconee Federal Savings & Loan
Clemson Downs
Greenville Water
The Reserve at Lake Keowee
Cliffs Land Partners, LLC
ITRON
Waterford Pointe Homeowners Assn.
Keowee Key Property Owners Assn.
Business Members
1st Choice Realty
The Happy Berry
My Garage Auto Boutique by Essex
Action Septic Tank Services
Head-Lee Nursery
Northwestern Supply
Airey Law Firm, Ltd. Co.
Hidden Cove
Patti & Gary - Keller Williams
Archadeck
ING Financial Partners
Blinds And Us
The Investment Center
Paul E. Galbreath, Septic Tank
Inspections & Mapping
Blue Ridge Bank
JC Sports
The Boat Dock Company
Jocassee Lake Tours
Bob Hill Realty
Jocassee Outdoor Center
Body Balance of Seneca
Jocassee Real Estate
Carolina Boat Club
John Stenzinger - State Farm Insurance
Carolina Real Estate
Julian Davis Allstate Agency, Inc.
Custom Dock Systems, Inc.
Justin Winter Sotheby’s International
Realty
Don Brink CPA
Dorn’s Landscape Service
Elegant & Distinctive Interiors
English Home Builders
Financial Dynamics
For The Birds, Inc.
Front Gate Landscapes
Goldie & Associates
Green Thumb Landscape & Irrigation
www.keoweefolks.org
Professional Gardening Services
Perry & Sally Rogers Real Estate, Inc.
Rainmaker, Inc.
Scarlett & Tom ReMax Foothills at
Lake Keowee
Sexton Griffith Custom Builders, LLC
South State Bank
Spencer & Stutsman, CPAs
Keowee Lake Team - Carol & Doug
Patterson
S-Tek Building Solutions
Kroeger Marine and Construction
Terminix
The Lake Company-Lake Keowee
The Tiki Hut
Lake Keowee Real Estate
Trees Unlimited/Shorescapes
Lake Keowee Marina
Upstate Insurance Agency
Lighthouse Restaurant & Event Center
Upstate Pet Sitting
Melanie Fink - 1st Choice Realty
Wine Emporium
27
Strickland Marine Center
864-882-3655
FRIENDS OF LAKE KEOWEE SOCIETY, INC.
4065 Keowee School Road
Seneca SC 29672
Address Service Requested
Photo by Craig Williams
NONPROFIT
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
SENECA, SC
PERMIT NO. 70