2012 Rail Trends - Railway Association of Canada

2012 Rail Trends
www.railcan.ca
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Hay River
C a n a d a
British Columbia
Churchill
Al berta
Prince
Rupert
CN
CN
S askatchewan
RMR
HBRY
M anitoba
Edmonton
Vancouver
CTRW
RMR
RMR
CP
WCE
Saskatoon CN
APR
Calgary
KPR
GSR
CP
SRY
CP
KFR
Regina
BNML
CEMR
Winnipeg
GWR
BNSF
BNSF
Rapid City
CP
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
St. Paul
CN
www.railcan.ca
ISBN: 978-1-927520-00-0
BNSF
U n i t e d
Kansas City
S
BN
NSF
Telephone: (613) 567-8591
Fax: (613) 567-6726
Email: rac@railcan.ca
99 Bank Street
Suite 901
Ottawa, ON K1P 6B9
Canadian railway network as of Dec. 31, 2011.
Please see the most recent edition of the Canadian Rail Atlas
for an up-to-date version of the network.
Schefferville
Newfound land and
Labrador
TSH
Labrador City
WLR
QNSL
Sept-Îles
CFG
Moosonee
New
Brunswick
RS
Ontario
CN
ONR
CN
CP
Québec
NCR
Thunder Bay
CFQG
SLQ
Montréal
Sudbury
CFO
OVR VIA CR
HCRY
CN
CFC
BCRY
GO
SSR Toronto
PCHR
GEXR
SOR
OSR
VIA
STER
NS
Detroit ETL
CP
CSX
Chicago
NS
CSX
NS
CN
NS
CSX
CSX
Albany
Moncton
NBSR
CN
EMRY
Nova
Scotia
Sherbrooke
AMT
CP
t a t e s
MMA
Prince SCR
Edward
Island
CBNS
Halifax
2012
AMMC
Quebec
CFRR
CFA
i
Member Companies
December 2011
6970184 Canada Ltd
NBSRNew Brunswick Southern Railway
AMT Agence métropolitaine de transport
APR
Alberta Prairie Railway Excursions
Company Limited
NCR
Nipissing Central Railway Company
AMTK Amtrak
NS
Norfolk Southern Railway
AMMCArcelorMittal Mines Canada
ONROntario Northland Transportation
CFA
Arnaud Railway Company
Commission
BCRY Barrie-Collingwood Railway
OSR
Ontario Southland Railway Inc.
BNSF BNSF Railway Company
Orangeville Brampton Railway
BNML Burlington Northern (Manitoba) Ltd.
OVR
Ottawa Valley Railway
CP
CFQG Québec Gatineau Railway Inc.
Canadian Pacific
CBNSCape Breton & Central Nova Scotia
QNSLQuébec North Shore and Labrador
Railway
CT
Capital Railway
Railway Company Inc.
RSRoberval and Saguenay Railway
CTRW Carlton Trail Railway
Company, The
CEMR Central Manitoba Railway Inc.
CFRR Romaine River Railway Company
CFC
Charlevoix Railway Company Inc.
CFGSociété du chemin de fer de la
CN
CN
CSX
CSX Transportation Inc.
Gaspésie
SSR
South Simcoe Railway
EMRY Eastern Maine Railway Company
SOR
Southern Ontario Railway
ETL
SRYSouthern Railway of
Essex Terminal Railway Company
GEXRGoderich-Exeter Railway Company
2012
Limited
ii
British Columbia Ltd.
QNSLSt. Lawrence & Atlantic Railroad
RMRGreat Canadian Railtour Company
GSR
(Québec) Inc.
Ltd.
CFO
Steam Train HCW
Great Sandhills Railway Ltd.
SCR
Sydney Coal Railway
GWR Great Western Railway Ltd.
TTRToronto Terminals Railway
HBRY Hudson Bay Railway
Company Limited, The
HCRY Huron Central Railway Inc.
STER/ Trillium Railway Co. Ltd.
KPR
PCHR
Kelowna Pacific Railway Ltd.
KFRKettle Falls International Railway,
GO
TSHTshiuetin Rail Transportation Inc.
LLC
VIA
Metrolinx
WLRWabush Lake Railway Company,
MMAMontréal, Maine & Atlantic Railway,
Ltd.
VIA Rail Canada Inc.
Limited
WCE
West Coast Express Ltd.
Associate Members
December 2011
4 Refuel Canada LP
Ozark Mountain Railcar
Absopulse Electronics Ltd
Peck & Hale L.L.C.
Accuworx Inc.
PNR Railworks Inc.
Administration portuaire de Montréal
Quantum Murray LP
AECOM
Rail Cantech
Alexander Holburn Beaudin & Lang LLP
Raildecks (2009) Inc.
AllTrain – Training Solutions
Railway 101 Consulting Services
Amsted Rail
RDG2 Technologies Inc.
BMT Fleet Technology Limited
Red Giant Oil Company
Bombardier Inc.
RTC Rail Solutions Ltd
Canac Railway Services Inc.
Sandy Cooke Consulting Inc.
Canadian Heartland Training Railway
Siemens Canada Limited
Canadian Rail Collision and
SNC-Lavalin O&M
Refurbishing Inc.
Soulanges Railway Services Inc.
Consolidated Logistic Inc.
Stantec Inc.
Davanac Inc.
Stäubli Corporation
Dessau
Tessco Technologies Inc.
Ecopower Hybrid Systems Inc.
Transportation Certification Services
Entretien Ferroviaire JMSR inc.
VIdal Street Industrial Park Inc.
Envirotec Services Incorporated
Whiting Equipment Canada
Fairplast Industries
GATX Rail Canada Corporation
HDR Engineering
Hewitt Equipment Ltd.
IBI Group
Itech Environmental Remediation
Kenneth R. Peel, Barrister & Solicitor
MD-UN Inc.
Mecfor Inc.
MMM Group Ltd
NARSTCO
Neptec Design Group Ltd.
Newalta Industrial Services Inc.
2012
(9151 9405 Québec Inc)
iii
Message from the President
T
his is our organization’s 20th edition of Rail Trends. The
data in this year’s milestone edition shows the industry’s
continued dedication to growth, safety and sustainability,
and demonstrates why the Canadian rail sector is experiencing
a true renaissance.
The driving force of this resurgence has been freight rail
and the positive contributions and investments it has made to
maximize the way goods are moved within North America and
to international markets. Within a globally integrated supply
chain, the country’s railways are working with customers to
ship products in a timely way to new and traditional markets, thereby
enabling them to add value and create more wealth for Canada.
In addition to robust freight expansion, there has also been significant
growth in passenger rail. Rail moves more than 73 million people
each year and this number is rising. Gas prices and urban sprawl have
boosted the demand for investment in passenger rail infrastructure and
services and Canada’s intercity and commuter railways have responded
exceptionally well.
As Canada’s rail renaissance continues to gain steam, the country’s
railway sector has garnered very positive impressions among the
Canadian public. Public opinion research has found the overwhelming
2012
majority of Canadians view rail to be safe, environmentally friendly and
iv
the best mode of transportation for society.
With the recession in the rearview mirror, the Railway Association
of Canada and its members are thrilled to see the data in Rail Trends
reflecting a growing and prosperous future for rail in Canada. I hope you
find this edition informative and useful. We welcome your feedback.
Sincerely,
Michael Bourque
President and Chief Executive Officer
Railway Association of Canada
We dedicate this issue of Rail Trends to the memory of
Clifford J. Mackay, President and Chief Executive Officer
of the Railway Association of Canada, who passed away
in January 2012. Cliff spent more than five years at
the helm of the RAC, where he worked collaboratively
with various government and regulatory agencies to
improve safety in the industry. A staunch advocate
of freight and passenger rail, Cliff spent the twilight
of his career ensuring Canadian regulatory agencies,
as well as elected and non-elected officials, gained
a better understanding of the strategic economic role
railways play in Canada. His decades of experience
and contributions improved the rail sector and Canada’s
believed this work is good for business, the environment
and our great country’s future.
2012
transportation industry as a whole. Moreover, he
v
2012
Table of Contents
vi
1 Introduction
2 Economy
4 Revenue ton-miles (Revenue tonne-kilometres)
5 Employment
6 Financial highlights
8 Carloads originated by commodity grouping
9 Passenger and tourist service statistics
10 Infrastructure Investment and Productivity
11 Additions to property
12 Productivity
13 Overview of taxes provided by rail sector
14 Safety
15 Rail accidents
17 Operation Lifesaver
18 Environment
19 Carbon reporting
20 Fuel and efficiency measures
21 Locomotive fleet inventory
21 Spills performance and response data
22 Public Perception
23 Appendix A – Rail Operations in Canada
35 Appendix B – Financial Highlights
39 Glossary
Conversion factors
40 List of acronyms
Introduction
T
his is the Railway Association of Canada’s
(RAC) 20th edition of Rail Trends, an
annual report on the performance of
Canada’s freight and passenger railway sector.
The publication contains a rolling 10-year
review of financial and statistical results,
reflecting multiple aspects of rail performance.
This year’s edition provides an overview
of 2011 performance and highlights some
clear trends taking place in the Canadian rail
business. The most obvious indication is that
there is a rail renaissance underway. Canada’s
integrated global supply chain is relying on rail
more than ever, and this year’s data shows
freight and passenger rail activity is increasing
across the country.
Despite a swell in rail traffic, this year’s data indicates the industry
is improving its environmental and safety records. In fact, Canadian
railways shipped more than 337 millions tons in 2011, a 0.8 per cent
increase from the previous year, while reducing emissions, spills and
accidents. This record of improvement is a testament to the sector’s
the Canadian public has expressed clear support for rail.
As Canada’s vast rail network moves increasingly more goods and
people while getting greener and safer, it is clear the sector is going in a
positive direction and that the resurgence of rail is in full force.
This year’s data is categorized into five sections:
•• Economy;
•• Infrastructure Investment and Productivity;
•• Safety;
•• Environment; and
•• Public Perception.
In addition to these sections, Appendix A and B provide details on rail
operations and financial highlights from 2002 to 2011.
2012
commitment to sustainability and safety and is one of the reasons why
1
Economy
D
espite financial uncertainty in key
markets around the globe, Canada
stood out among leading (global)
industrialized countries with a relatively healthy,
export-rich economy in 2011. Railways were
instrumental in solidifying this status.
As Canada’s economy continues to rally
towards pre-recession levels, the nation’s
railways are relied upon more heavily than ever
before to facilitate growth and trade. In recent
years, rail has become the preferred mode of
ground transportation, facilitating more than
$75 billion in trade, and reinforcing its role as
the backbone of an integrated supply chain that
has helped move Canada’s resources to global
markets.
The most common barometer for measuring rail workload perfor­
mance is revenue ton-miles (revenue tonne-kilometres) or RTM (RTK),
which is the movement of one revenue-producing ton of freight the
distance of one mile (kilometre). It is calculated by multiplying the
weight of paid tonnage by the total distance (in miles or kilometres) it
2012
has been transported.
2
This section highlights the statistical data of key areas that point to
the current growth of rail in relation to the Canadian economy.
Economy
2011 economic highlights:
•• Member railways’ workload increased by 3.2 per cent to a
record 255 billion revenue ton-miles (372 billion revenue tonnekilometres) or RTM (RTK), and has climbed 20.6 per cent over the
past 10 years.
•• The sector employed an average of 33,624 people, a 3.3 per cent
increase from 2010, marking the second consecutive year-overyear rise.
•• Total industry operating revenue hit a record $11.5 billon,
surpassing last year’s total by 7.1 per cent, and operating
expenses climbed 6.5 per cent to a record $9.8 billion.
•• Canadian freight rates continue to be some of the most
competitive in the world.
•• Originated freight carloads increased 4.5 per cent compared to
2010.
•• Total revenue from passenger transportation services, representing
combined intercity, tourist train and commuter rail services, has
2012
climbed 71.4 per cent over 10 years to $667 million.
3
Economy
Revenue ton-miles
(Revenue tonne-kilometres)
In 2011, member railways’ workload
totalled a record 255 billion RTM (372 RTK),
an increase of 3.2 per cent from last year
and 20.6 per cent over the past 10 years.
The graph below indicates the RTM of
current member companies throughout the
last decade.
REVENUE TON-MILES (millions)
275,000
250,000
2012
225,000
4
200,000
250000
2002
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
Economy
Employment
Rail delivers services that provide shippers
access to domestic and international markets
and connects passengers to destinations near
and far. The increasing demand for services
has prompted a boost in employment across
the industry. In 2011, Canada’s rail business
continued to serve as an economic driver
by way of employment, both in terms of
number of employees and average annual
wage.
In 2011, the sector employed an average
of 33,624 people, a 3.3 per cent increase
from 2010 and the second consecutive yearover-year rise. The average salary in the sector also rose by 4.8 per
cent from a year ago, outpacing the 2.6 per cent average annual
increase since 2002. The figure below points to the sector’s year-by-year
employment trends throughout the last decade.
EMPLOYMENT
2012
90,000
70,000
5
50,000
30,000
2002
2002
2003
2004
Average annual wage
2005
2006
2007
2008
Employees
2009
2011
Economy
Financial highlights
In 2011, year-over-year total industry operating revenue climbed 7.1 per
cent to a record $11.5 billon. There are three components to operating
revenue: freight, passenger and other revenue. Other revenue is largely
composed of revenue for services provided to passenger and commuter
rail companies, as well as switching, demurrage and miscellaneous
rentals.
The sector also hit a record $9.8 billion in total operating expenses,
which includes costs of fuel, equipment maintenance and administrative
expenditures. The new high was a 6.5 per cent jump from the previous
year.
Operating REVENUE & expenses (millions)
12,000
10,000
2012
8,000
6
6,000
2002
2002
2003
2004
Operating income
12000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Operating Expenses
2011
Economy
It’s worth noting that while railways increased their overall operating
revenue in 2011, they did so offering some of the lowest freight rates
in the world.
The graph below shows Canada’s freight rates throughout the last
five years compared to most of the world’s largest economies.
CANADA IS A LEADER WITH LOW RAIL RATES
9¢
8¢
7¢
6¢
5¢
4¢
3¢
2¢
1¢
2006
Canada
China
France
2007
2008
Germany
India
Japan
2009
2010
Russia
U.S.
Revenue per ton-mile in U.S. dollars, Purchasing Power Parity adjusted
Source: RAC, 2012
2012
0¢
7
Economy
Carloads originated by commodity
grouping
Another measurement of industry workload
that demonstrates rail’s renaissance in
2011 is originated freight carloads by
the sector, which increased 4.5 per cent
compared to 2010. To get a better sense
of the freight being carried, the industry
tracks its carloads originated by commodity
grouping. This set of data is indicative of
the products Canada’s trains are shipping
across the country and to international
markets.
The chart below illustrates carloads originated by commodity
grouping as a percent of all commodity carloads originated among
member railways. Some categories have been grouped together.
Carloads originated by commodity grouping
14% Agricultural Goods
& Food
10% Pulp &
2012
Wood Products
25% Metals & Minerals
8
23% Intermodal
7% Machinery & Manufactured
21% Hydrocarburants & Chemicals
Economy
Passenger and tourist service statistics
The 2011 data shows more and more people are choosing rail
transportation as a means to commute and travel. In the same year,
total revenue from passenger transportation services, representing
combined intercity, tourist train and rail commuter services decreased
1.0 per cent to $667 million, but climbed 71.4 per cent over 10 years.
The number of rail commuters in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec
also jumped 36.5 per cent over the decade.
The rise across passenger and tourist service statistics reflects
Canadians’ mounting attraction to intercity and commuter rail. Rail
is safe, convenient and green and this year’s findings indicate rail is
a preferred method of travel among Canadians. The RAC’s member
railways understand the demand for increased passenger rail service
and are effectively adapting in order to meet the needs of Canadians by
2012
providing more passenger services more often.
9
Infrastructure Investment
and Productivity
T
o improve service and increase the value
and performance of the supply chain, RAC
member railways continued their substantial
investment in the maintenance and development
of infrastructure in 2011. These companies are in
the distinctive position of financing the near entirety
of the network that forms the backbone of the
Canadian supply chain. Their investment is measured
by the industry term “additions to property,” which
includes purchasing rolling stock, improving bridges
and replacing rail and other track materials.
In order to keep pace with shipper demands and
maintain exceptional service at the lowest possible
rates, member railways ensure the existing network
is well-maintained and includes modernized facilities
and information technology systems. This concerted effort to uphold and
improve the efficiency of the rail network allows the railways to enhance
their productivity and attract new business. Not only did Canadian railways
keep up with growth in all areas of rail in 2011, but they did so while
improving operating efficiencies and offering better service to customers.
The RAC represents effectively all rail companies operating in
2012
Canada – the large Class 1s, the regional and short lines railways, inter-
10
city passenger, commuter rail and tourist train operators.
2011 investment and productivity highlights:
•• Canada’s rail sector invested $1.8 billion in additions to
property in 2011, a year-over-year rise of 7.6 per cent.
•• Employee productivity increased by 2.5 per cent to a record
8.5 million RTM (12.4 million RTK) per employee.
•• Canada’s railways contributed a record $158 million in tax
revenue, 7.5 per cent more than the previous year.
Infrastructure Investment and Productivity
Additions to property
The figure below shows the industry invested
$1.8 billion in additions to property in 2011, a
year-over-year increase of 6.5 per cent. Compared
to 10 years ago, Canadian railways committed
80.7 per cent more to capital spending, reflecting
the desire among rail companies to expand
and maintain their network to improve service,
facilitate the movement of trade and support
the growth of the Canadian economy. The graph
below shows the sector’s additions to property
over the last 10 years.
ADDITIONS TO PROPERTY (MILLIONS CAD)
2,000
2012
1,000
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Today, rail is experiencing a renaissance. Cities are implementing
LRT systems. Metropolitan areas are expanding the reach of
commuter rail service. And at VIA Rail, we are working at
improving inter-city rail transportation. We strive to have a
positive and meaningful impact on the lives of millions of
Canadians.”
Marc Laliberté
President and Chief Executive Officer, VIA Rail Canada
11
Infrastructure Investment and Productivity
Productivity
The output of the rail business only goes
as far as the efficiency of its employees.
Employee productivity is measured in
terms of RTM (RTK) per employee, which
gives a sense of how well the sector is
allocating its resources.
From a year ago, employee productivity
increased 2.5 per cent to a record 8.5 million
RTM (12.4 million RTK) per employee in
2011. While this figure suggests only a
slight step forward in productivity, it is a
robust long-term improvement from the
6.3 million RTM (9.2 RTK) per employee recorded in 2002. The graph
below illustrates the sector’s efficiency in terms of RTM per employee
over the past 10 years.
REVENUE TON-MILES PER EMPLOYEE (000)
9,000
2012
8,000
7,000
12
6,000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Infrastructure Investment and Productivity
Overview of taxes provided by rail sector
While Canada’s railways drive the economy by transferring goods across
a vast integrated global supply chain, the taxes the sector pays each
year are often overlooked as a form of substantial economic contribution
to Canadians.
The table below provides a snapshot of the taxes by category that
member railways contributed in 2011.
TAXES BY CATEGORY
21% Locomotive fuel
& Excise tax
16% Property tax
7% Other Sales tax
17% Payroll tax
2012
39% Income tax
13
Safety
C
anada’s railways run an average of 1,100 passenger and freight
trains every day, often over some of the world’s most rugged
terrain and in some of the most inclement weather conditions.
Yet, the performance of Canadian freight railways in terms of safety has
steadily improved over the last decade and Canada’s passenger railways
remain among the safest in the world. While rail traffic is increasing
to meet customer demand, the sector continues to be committed to
safety and furthering its reputation as the safest means of ground
transportation in Canada.
2011 safety highlights:
•• While the sector moved a record 473.3 billion gross ton-miles
(BGTM), it maintained a rate of 2.41 total accidents per BGTM,
the lowest rate in the last 10 years.
•• Accidents at railway crossings were down 6.6 per cent yearover-year, while serious injuries fell 25 per cent over the same
period.
•• Trespasser accidents and fatalities dropped 17.3 and 18.2 per
2012
cent year-over-year, respectively.
14
Safety
Rail accidents
Canadian railways celebrated a banner year of reportable railway
accident1 reduction in 2011. While the sector moved a record
473.3 billion gross ton-miles (BGTM) in 2011, it maintained a rate of
2.41 total accidents per BGTM, the lowest rate in the last 10 years. In
addition, the industry recorded 1,143 total freight and passenger train
accidents in 2011, the lowest total over the same period.
Canada’s railways take measures to reduce technical accidents and
continually enhance the safety of rail operations. Work is also being
done in collaboration with Transport Canada to improve safety where the
public interacts with rail activities by closing rail crossings and improving
public awareness by promoting accident prevention.
The data collected in order to analyze the safety performance of rail
comes from the Canadian Transportation Safety Board (TSB) and the
RAC. The TSB maintains a database of safety performance statistics on
federally-regulated railways2 and the RAC collects similar statistics on
provincially-regulated operations.
•(a) (i) a person sustains a serious injury or is killed as a result of being on board or
getting on or off the rolling stock, or (ii) coming into contact with any part of the
rolling stock or its contents, or
•(b) the rolling stock (i) is involved in a grade-crossing collision, (ii) is involved in a
collision or derailment and is carrying passengers, (iii) is involved in a collision or
derailment and is carrying dangerous goods, or is known to have last contained
dangerous goods the residue of which has not been purged from the rolling stock,
(iv) sustains damage that affects its safe operation, or (v) causes or sustains a fire or
explosion, or causes damage to the railway, that poses a threat to the safety of any
person, property or the environment.
2 The database is available at http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rail/index.asp.
2012
1“Reportable railway accident” means an accident resulting directly from the operation
of rolling stock, where:
15
Safety
The graph below shows the number of rail-related accidents over
the previous 10 years, along with the rate of freight train accidents per
billion gross ton-miles, which points to the number of accidents as they
relate to rail activity.
Rail Accidents and Accident Rate
1,800
4.5
1,600
3.4
1,400
2.3
1,200
1.1
1,000
2005
2006
2012
Freight train accidents
16
2007
2008
2009
2010
Freight train accidents per billion gross ton-miles
0
Safety
Operation Lifesaver
One of the programs committed to preventing collisions between trains
and motor vehicles, as well as trespassing incidents that lead to serious
injury or death, is Operation Lifesaver,3 a joint initiative of the RAC
and Transport Canada. The program aims to save lives by educating
Canadians about the hazards surrounding public activity near rail
property and trains. Operation Lifesaver works in tandem with the rail
sector, government, police, labour unions, the media and the public to
spread education and prevent tragedies.
In 2011, accidents at railway crossings were down 6.6 per cent yearover-year, while serious injuries fell 25 per cent over the same period.
Moreover, 2011 trespasser accidents and fatalities were also down
17.3 and 18.2 per cent, respectively, year-over-year.
“Year-over-year we continue to see a decline in both crossing
and trespassing incidents thanks in part to the dedication of our
partners, staff and volunteers. That’s definitely a trend worth
repeating.”
Daniel (Dan) Di Tota,
Source: Transportation Safety Board, Railway Association of Canada, 2012
2012
National Director, Operation Lifesaver
17
3
http://www.operationlifesaver.ca.
Environment
C
anada’s legacy of profound scenic beauty is
recognized around the world, and rail is part of
maintaining the country’s natural splendour. In
addition to moving people, goods and the economy,
Canada’s railways boast a first-rate environmental
record and commitment to sustainability. While the
country’s rail sector often moves more than 70 per
cent of all surface goods each year, it only accounts for
3.4 per cent of the transportation sector’s Greenhouse
Gas Emissions (GHG) and less than 1 per cent
of Canada’s overall GHGs.4 Since 1995, Canada’s
freight and passenger rail sectors have participated
in a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with
the Government of Canada to voluntarily reduce
GHGs and Criteria Air Contaminants (CAC). Under this
initiative, the sector has committed to GHG and CAC reduction targets for
freight, short line, intercity and commuter railways, and it will continue to
work with governments, communities and other private sector partners to
increase the sustainability of the Canadian supply chain.
2011 environmental highlights:
2012
•• The sector reduced fuel consumption by 3.1 per cent compared
18
to 2010.
•• The industry’s number of freight car inventory was basically
unchanged from a year before and its locomotive fleet increased
by 23 locomotives. However, Canadian railways managed to
lower the miles (kilometres) of road operated (road over which
a railway has operating rights) by 1.8 per cent from 2010.
•• Dangerous goods (DG) leaker incidents accounted for 25 per
cent of all reportable incidents, the lowest share to date.
4 Source: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 2010.
Environment
Carbon reporting
The
Locomotive
Monitoring
Emissions
(LEM)
data
is
compiled in accordance with
the terms of the MOU between
the RAC, Environment Canada
and
Transport
Canada.
It
concerns the emissions of GHGs
and CACs from locomotives
operating
in
Canada.5
An
updated MOU covering the
period 2011-2015 is being
developed by the RAC and
TC, and will ensure Canadian
railways continue to monitor
their emissions and strive to
become more efficient.
In addition to this initiative,
both Canadian National Railway
and Canadian Pacific Railway
participate
in
the
Carbon
independent not-for-profit organization that works with the world’s
largest investors, businesses and governments to reduce GHGs and
promote sustainable water use through the measurement, disclosure,
management and sharing of environmental information. To date, the
CDP holds the largest collection of self-reported climate change data in
the world.6
5To see the RAC’s Locomotive Emissions Monitoring program,
visit http://www.railcan.ca/publications/emissions.
6 Additional information is available at: www.cdproject.net.
2012
Disclosure Project (CDP) – an
19
Environment
Fuel and efficiency measures
The rail sector has been faced with the challenge of dealing with rising
diesel fuel prices. In 2011, diesel fuel prices hit $4.25 per gallon, a record
high and a 30.8 per cent jump from the previous year. To cope, Canadian
railways have faced pressure to optimize fuel consumption productivity,
and have answered the call. The sector reduced fuel consumption by
3.1 per cent in 2011 compared to 2010, and the graph below illustrates
RTM (RTK) per gallon (litre) of fuel consumed grew 10.5 per cent during
the same period and improved 25.5 per cent since 2002. This result
speaks to the industry-wide efforts being made to improve efficiency
while keeping pace with demand.
Because of high diesel fuel prices, member railways have strived
to adopt new sustainability measures and implement initiatives that
will cut costs by improving fuel efficiency. These improvements
include scheduling trains based on capacity to minimize congestion,
better matching of horsepower to tonnage, enhancing train handling
techniques and standardizing fuel-saving devices on locomotives. The
most effective fuel efficiency initiative continues to be locomotive fleet
renewal, the process in which older, less fuel-efficient locomotives are
replaced by new and improved higher-horsepower locomotives.
RTM PER GALLON OF FUEL CONSUMED (000)
2012
650
20
550
450
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Environment
Locomotive fleet inventory
While freight, passenger and
rail commuter workloads have
been increasing steadily over
the last decade, the sector
has made a conscious effort
to
improve
efficiency
via
asset utilization. In 2011, the
industry’s freight car inventory
was
basically
unchanged
from a year before and its
locomotive
fleet
increased
by 23 locomotives. However,
Canadian railways managed to
lower the miles (kilometres)
of road operated (road over which a railway has operating rights) by
1.8 per cent from 2010. By replacing older locomotives, adding more
fuel-efficient versions and reallocating resources, railways saved fuel by
doing more with less.
Spills performance and response data
incidents – occurrences involving the unintentional release of a hazardous
material while in transit. This type of incident does not involve an
accident and often concern small quantities of products. In 2011, DG
leaker incidents accounted for 25 per cent of all reportable incidents, the
lowest share to date. Over the last five years, on average, DG leakers
accounted for 33.8 per cent of incidents. Furthermore, reported DG
leaker incidents totalled 51 in 2011, a 28 per cent decrease from the
five-year average of 70.
One of the primary functions of the RAC is to promote and continually
improve the safe handling of dangerous goods. This means ensuring rail
cars carrying dangerous goods meet strict standards, the consignments
are properly packaged, labeled, placarded and documented, and that
carriers handle the rail cars safely.
2012
The TSB collects data on spills, or “dangerous good (DG) leaker”
21
Public Perception
A
s Canada’s rail industry
ex­periences a renaissance,
the sector continues to
garner very positive impressions
among
the
Canadian
public.
Polling conducted by the RAC in
2011 found the vast majority of
Canadians view freight, commuter
and intercity rail options to be the
safest, greenest and the best for
society overall. Canadians also have a positive view of the railway sector
as a source of employment in the near future.
Canadians have expressed the want and need for more rail. From
an economical, environmental and social standpoint, the widespread
sentiment is that there needs to be more money and resources put
toward the sector as a whole. Between limiting pollution and dramatically
reducing congestion, Canadians agree that allocating resources to rail as a
mode of transportation makes the most sense going forward.
2011 public perception highlights:
•• When asked which mode of transportation should be the
2012
highest transportation priority in Canada, 56 per cent choose
22
rail, which is more than five times any other means of
transportation. Cars rank a distant second at 11 per cent,
followed by buses and planes at 10 per cent each.
•• Two-thirds of Canadians (67 per cent) agree with the statement
that “rail transportation should be the highest transportation
priority in Canada.”
•• A full 85 per cent of Canadians believe the government should
invest to improve tracks for commuter and inter-city train travel.
•• Nearly three-quarters (72 per cent) would recommend jobs in
the railway sector to their friends or family members.
Appendix A Rail Operations in Canada
Ten-year comparison
2002
2010
2011
Revenue ton-miles (billions)
211.5
247
Revenue tonne-kilometres (billions) 308.8
Miles of road operated
(1)
Kilometres of road operated
(1)
Title
Percentage change
2011 versus:
2002
2010
255.0
20.6
3.2
361
372.3
20.6
3.2
29,087 27,652
27,167
-6.6
-1.8
46,811 44,501
43,721
-6.6
-1.8
2,955
-5.6
0.0
Locomotives
3,129
Freight cars (000)
Gallons of fuel (millions)
2,954
98
72
72
-26.8
-0.1
451
451
437
-3.2
-3.2
2,051
2,049
1,984
-3.3
-3.2
Employees 37,296 32,549
33,624
-9.9
3.3
Annual wage per employee ($)
64,229 79,346
83,176
29.5
4.8
Litres of fuel (millions)
1. Miles (kilometres) of road operated include road over which a railway has operating rights.
Freight revenue per ton (tonne) is calculated by dividing freight revenue by total tons
(tonnes) originated.
Revenue per
ton
tonne
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
22.89
22.53
23.47
25.60
27.78
28.16
31.24
31.34
30.59
30.57
25.23
24.83
25.87
28.22
30.63
31.04
34.44
34.55
33.71
33.70
Index
2001 = 100
Consumer Price
Index
102.1
100.4
104.6
114.1
123.9
125.5
139.3
139.7
136.4
136.3
102.2
105.1
107.1
109.4
111.6
114.0
116.7
117.1
119.1
122.6
2012
Freight revenue ($) per ton (tonne)
23
Appendix A
Freight revenue (cents) per ton-mile (tonne-kilometre)
Revenue per
ton-mile
tonne-kilometre
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.44
3.32
3.37
3.64
3.87
3.84
4.20
4.00
3.99
4.04
Index
2001 = 100
2.35
2.28
2.31
2.49
2.65
2.63
2.87
2.74
2.74
2.77
105.2
101.5
103.1
111.3
118.3
117.4
128.4
122.3
122.0
123.5
Trailers
(000)
Containers
(000)
Total
(000)
214
217
149
112
106
102
101
83
81
80
1,820
1,937
2,010
2,134
2,251
2,334
2,396
2,033
2,361
2,424
2,034
2,154
2,159
2,246
2,357
2,436
2,497
2,116
2,442
2,504
Freight transportation
Intermodal traffic originated (2)
2012
24
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.Reflects both Canadian and U.S. operations of Canadian Class 1 railways. Intermodal units
are actual counts of trailers and containers, regardless of size, and are not “twenty-foot
equivalent units (TEUs)”.
Appendix A
Freight transportation
Carload traffic
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Carloads
originated (000)
3,992
4,092
4,212
4,290
4,260
4,196
3,984
3,367
3,872
4,044
Tons
originated
(000)
Tonnes
originated
(000)
317,432
327,126
337,923
343,464
339,394
337,989
318,688
269,028
334,264
337,074
287,974
296,768
306,563
311,590
307,897
306,623
289,114
244,062
303,258
305,793
Tons
per
carload
80
80
80
80
80
81
80
80
86
83
(3)
Tonnes
per
carload (3)
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
78
76
3. Tons (tonnes) per carload: Tons (tonnes) originated divided by carloads originated.
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
72,194
72,873
74,284
76,400
76,451
74,100
71,712
59,576
65,157
66,082
Freight train
kilometres
(000)
116,185
117,278
119,548
122,953
123,035
119,253
115,409
95,877
104,859
106,348
Revenue
ton-miles (millions)
211,500
221,653
235,114
241,745
243,744
247,709
237,323
210,898
247,154
255,001
Revenue
tonne-kilometres
(millions)
308,759
323,581
343,232
352,912
355,831
361,619
346,457
307,880
360,809
372,264
2012
Freight transportation
Freight train
miles
(000)
25
Appendix A
2012
Freight Transportation
Carloads originated by commodity grouping (4)
26
Agriculture
Coal
Minerals
Forest Products
Metals
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
364,754
345,025
412,099
416,473
453,151
454,034
430,292
474,980
462,445
466,305
342,432
327,182
337,592
353,197
321,266
349,983
324,931
277,048
327,419
348,556
601,004
627,288
639,764
657,410
600,823
609,422
574,645
368,631
703,270
790,520
403,908
430,662
442,689
433,138
388,035
317,158
253,279
182,395
205,120
228,448
Fuels &
Chemicals
Paper
Products
Food Products
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
469,514
474,342
485,197
469,655
470,833
470,876
443,125
401,141
419,905
432,657
274,219
302,994
333,061
333,830
274,092
252,150
228,072
175,693
170,823
157,780
30,391
32,652
40,587
44,169
41,454
41,822
42,365
42,232
52,240
54,948
289,619
284,718
326,020
295,022
362,000
359,982
369,475
273,800
160,895
160,827
Manufactured &
Miscellaneous Intermodal
55,624
51,652
63,890
65,629
66,333
65,923
75,160
79,445
92,949
94,935
691,417
712,377
722,412
769,936
819,552
832,663
847,647
741,807
847,832
890,168
Machinery &
Automotive
277,288
270,411
253,003
235,480
244,395
234,830
195,308
148,123
185,962
186,522
Total
3,800,170
3,859,303
4,056,314
4,073,939
4,041,934
3,988,843
3,784,299
3,165,295
3,628,860
3,811,666
4.Not all member companies record carloads originated by commodity grouping. The Intermodal counts represent
an average load factor that determined the number of carloads reported.
Appendix A
Freight transportation
Revenue from carloads originated by commodity grouping ($ millions) (5)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
732
761
875
948
1,125
1,157
1,161
1,259
1,221
1,297
Fuels &
Chemicals
777
739
771
804
836
837
902
818
853
928
416
405
513
738
676
709
706
502
598
713
Paper
Products
502
518
595
642
582
541
531
423
437
427
623
645
763
811
764
819
833
525
772
898
Forest Products
Metals
619
615
798
969
928
780
646
478
500
564
364
360
404
429
489
476
531
317
381
424
Food Manufactured &
Products Miscellaneous Intermodal
55
58
70
74
81
81
89
94
128
146
92
96
93
112
114
116
126
113
130
133
1,679
1,760
1,885
2,152
2,377
2,452
2,702
2,273
2,592
1,893
5. Not all member companies record revenue from carloads originated by commodity grouping.
Machinery &
Automotive
477
460
397
414
433
445
443
337
394
381
Total
6,336
6,417
7,164
8,093
8,405
8,413
8,672
7,139
8,006
7,805
2012
Agriculture
Coal
Minerals
27
Appendix A
Track operated, by provinces and territories (6)
2010
2011
Miles Kilometres
Miles Kilometres
4,199
4,144
2,724
244
724
409
6,549
3,695
4,889
75
6,758
6,669
4,384
393
1,166
657
10,540
5,947
7,868
121
4,094
4,148
2,730
244
724
409
6,365
3,690
4,687
75
6,589
6,675
4,394
392
1,165
658
10,244
5,938
7,543
121
Total
27,652
Intercity passenger trains
7,820
Commuter and tourist trains 1,961
Segments terminating in the U.S.
152
44,501
12,585
3,155
245
27,167
7,820
2,746
152
43,721
12,585
4,419
245
Grand total
60,486
37,884
60,969
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
Nfld. & Labrador
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Northwest Territories
37,585
2012
6.First main track only. Excludes second and other main track, passing tracks and crossovers, industrial tracks,
spurs and yard tracks.
28
Appendix A
Plant - track operated (7)
Equipment in service
Miles
Kilometres
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
29,087
29,138
30,551
30,380
29,978
29,713
29,366
28,163
27,654
27,167
46,811
46,893
49,167
48,893
48,243
47,816
47,258
45,323
44,501
43,721
Index
2001 = 100
100.5
100.6
105.5
104.9
103.5
102.6
101.4
97.3
95.5
93.8
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Freight cars Locomotives
in service in service
98,001
97,039
99,141
101,606
99,946
92,373
83,984
75,836
71,788
71,750
3,129
3,170
3,234
3,253
3,271
3,165
3,046
2,742
2,954
2,977
7.First main track only. Excludes second and other main track, passing tracks and crossovers, industrial tracks,
spurs and yard tracks. Excludes intercity passenger trains, commuter & tourist trains and segments terminating
in the U.S.
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Total
compensation
($ millions) (8)
2,392
2,412
2,387
2,548
2,535
2,566
2,633
2,439
2,584
2,797
Average
number of
employees
Average
annual wage
per employee ($)
37,296
36,599
35,736
35,389
34,558
34,938
35,208
32,337
32,565
33,624
64,229
65,901
66,804
71,994
73,356
73,440
74,790
75,415
79,346
83,175
8.Compensation includes salaries and compensation paid and excludes company paid benefits such as
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan, Unemployment Insurance and health taxes.
2012
Employment
Employment
29
Appendix A
Train statistics
Average: Length of haul/Cars per train
Miles (kilometres) hauled
by transcontinental
railways (CN and CPR)
Miles Kilometres
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008 (9)
2009
2010
2011
795
794
787
789
803
807
818
830
850
849
Miles (kilometres) hauled
by regional/short line
railways
1,279
1,278
1,267
1,270
1,292
1,299
1,316
1,336
1,368
1,366
Average
cars per
freight train
Miles Kilometres
Cars
150
151
161
149
159
151
146
159
138
170
74
74
78
79
79
81
82
87
92
81
241
243
259
240
256
243
235
256
163
274
9. 2008 “Miles (kilometres) hauled by regional/short line railways” were restated.
2012
Passenger transportation
Intercity passenger transportation
30
Passenger cars
in service
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008 (10)
2009
2010
2011
473
505
465
538
537
538
540
559
545
544
10. 2008 “Passenger kilometres” were restated.
Number of Passenger
passengers miles
kilometres
(000)
(millions)
(millions)
4,223
4,024
4,181
4,322
4,320
4,478
4,899
4,538
4,477
4,461
992
931
894
919
906
912
986
894
877
888
1,597
1,498
1,439
1,479
1,458
1,468
1,588
1,439
1,412
1,428
Appendix A
Passenger transportation
Intercity passenger transportation
Passenger train Passenger car
miles
kilometres
miles
kilometres
(000)
(000)
(000)
(000)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7,406
7,252
7,214
7,415
7,381
7,330
7,414
7,334
7,331
7,273
11,919
11,671
11,611
11,933
11,879
11,796
11,932
11,803
11,799
11,705
Average intercity passengers
per train
134
128
124
124
123
124
133
122
120
122
Average passenger load factor (%)
57
53
53
55
54
55
59
57
57
55
50,035
50,087
49,707
49,966
49,400
48,708
49,140
47,290
46,275
48,239
80,523
80,607
79,995
80,412
79,501
78,388
79,083
76,106
74,472
77,633
Average length of journey
miles
kilometres
238
226
219
217
214
209
206
203
204
204
383
364
352
349
344
336
332
327
328
328
On-time performance (%)
84
73
70
81
84
77
75
83
82
84
2012
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
31
Appendix A
Passenger transportation
Rail commuter
Commuter train Commuter car
miles
kilometres
miles
kilometres
(000)
(000)
(000)
(000)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
32
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
199,957
204,198
214,089
224,833
237,781
247,066
256,123
245,942
256,134
278,244
321,801
328,626
344,544
361,834
382,672
397,615
412,190
395,806
412,209
447,791
Average rail commuters
per train
284
260
287
283
300
339
340
301
310
255
2,592
2,724
2,749
2,820
2,730
2,808
2,832
2,876
3,008
3,171
4,171
4,384
4,425
4,539
4,394
4,518
4,558
4,628
4,841
5,103
Rail commuters (000)
in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec
50,132
52,688
54,905
58,235
60,634
63,393
67,052
65,962
68,562
68,427
Appendix A
Track &
roadway
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Buildings & related machinery
& equipment.
Signals,
communications
& power
Terminals &
fuel stations
310
202
188
189
212
255
189
257
231
314
42
47
38
95
74
44
79
72
109
108
17
24
11
27
37
43
26
24
16
15
374
333
364
582
613
618
688
706
804
971
Work equipment
Rolling
Intermodal
& roadway
stock
equipment
machines
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
208
313
337
416
352
350
290
317
427
297
16
25
30
39
48
30
29
34
15
11
34
41
36
31
44
41
68
42
49
53
Other
equipment
Total
additions
14
21
39
15
28
18
22
72
55
64
1,015
1,006
1,043
1,394
1,408
1,399
1,391
1,524
1,706
1,834
2012
Additions to property
Additions to property ($ millions)
33
Appendix A
Productivity
Revenue ton-miles per employee
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008 (11)
2009
2010
2011
Revenue
Revenue
ton-miles per tonne-kilometres per
employee (000) employee (000) 6,319
6,764
7,352
7,679
7,963
8,045
7,625
7,404
8,287
8,496
2012
11. 2008 Productivity statistics were restated.
34
9,225
9,874
10,733
11,210
11,625
11,745
11,132
10,809
12,098
12,402
Road
miles per
employee
Road
kilometres per
employee
0.87
0.89
0.93
0.96
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.98
0.96
0.90
1.40
1.43
1.50
1.54
1.58
1.54
1.51
1.58
1.54
1.46
Appendix B Financial Highlights
Operating Income
Operating revenue ($millions)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Freight
Passenger
7,266
7,369
7,931
8,794
9,430
9,516
9,957
8,433
9,551
10,305
389
364
386
576
622
624
661
627
673
667
(12)
Other
487
484
506
570
561
564
579
539
544
560
Total
8,142
8,217
8,823
9,940
10,613
10,704
11,197
9,599
10,768
11,532
12.Federal, provincial and municipal funding of $435 million in 2009 for Intercity passenger and commuter services
is excluded.
Income
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1,428
1,484
1,704
2,164
2,402
2,209
2,030
1,247
1,598
1,763
2012
Operating income ($millions)
35
Appendix B
Operating expenses
Operating expenses ($millions) (13)
Maintenance (14)
Transportation
Fuel
of equipment
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
36
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2,037
2,086
2,180
2,241
2,224
2,337
2,376
2,065
2,195
2,381
734
781
862
1,159
1,367
1,513
2,032
1,212
1,464
1,854
1,300
1,280
1,290
1,382
1,575
1,634
1,564
1,555
1,452
1,570
Maintenance-of-way
and structures
General and
administrative
Total operating
expense
1,374
1,421
1,421
1,493
1,408
1,549
1,718
1,612
1,766
1,910
1,269
1,165
1,366
1,501
1,637
1,462
1,477
1,908
2,294
2,054
6,714
6,733
7,119
7,776
8,211
8,495
9,167
8,352
9,171
9,769
13. Charges for restructuring, relocation and write-down of assets are excluded.
14.CN restated 2006 Maintenance of equipment and Maintenance-of-way and structures expenses.
The net impact on 2006 Total operating expense was nil.
Appendix B
Taxes by category ($millions)
Total
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Locomotive
fuel & Property
excise tax
tax
654
742
698
716
1,084
989
930
853
787
958
168
173
174
180
188
188
187
177
195
204
Other
sales
tax
143
139
141
155
155
154
152
152
150
153
118
101
90
98
102
97
99
97
96
70
Capital tax
& customs Income
duties
tax
42
64
25
31
21
15
14
14
14
0
27
110
118
101
471
381
323
265
185
372
Payroll
taxes
156
155
150
151
147
154
155
148
147
158
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Canada/Quebec
Pension Plan
Unemployment
Insurance
Health
Taxes
Total
68
73
71
72
72
75
77
74
73
77
45
42
37
36
32
33
33
30
31
34
43
40
42
43
43
46
45
44
43
47
156
155
150
151
147
154
155
148
147
158
2012
Payroll taxes ($millions)
37
Appendix B
Taxes by jurisdiction ($ 000)
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
Nfld. & Labrador
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Quebec
Saskatchewan Northwest Territories
Federal
Total
Locomotive fuel
& excise tax
2010
2011
4,535
38,949
9,765
0
1,559
17
24,127
4,852
35,158
0
76,436
4,482
44,265
9,877
0
1,283
17
25,413
4,807
36,875
0
77,296
2012
1.5
10.7
6.3
16.5
4.3
15.4
4.5
17.2
15.0
11.4
4.0
Property tax
2010
2011
12,616
39,520
13,505
53
1,660
2,760
34,784
31,012
14,040
75
0
195,397 204,314
Other sales tax
2010
2011
38
Fuel tax per litre
(cents)
2011
13,071
38,437
13,773
55
1,737
2,771
36,930
31,141
14,917
73
0
150,025 152,905
Capital tax &
customs duties
2010
2011
Income tax
2010
2011
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
Nfld. & Labrador
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Quebec
Saskatchewan Northwest Territories
Federal
44
11,507
11,810
0
0
0
17,084
12,892
7,672
0
35,218
43
403
12,378
0
0
0
1,550
13,080
7,598
0
35,311
0
2
2,486
0
0
200
7,747
2,900
0
0
270
124
0
169
0
0
171
-130
81
-386
0
42
11,586 22,325
229
0
0
597
0
0
1,617
1,620
290
381
44,763 38,840
6,412 13,814
36
-31
0
0
119,732 294,341
Total
96,227
70,363
13,605
71
184,665 371,887
Glossary
Average length of haul: Calculated by dividing revenue ton-miles by
revenue tons.
Average cars per freight train: Calculated by dividing loaded and empty
car miles by train miles.
Container: A large, weatherproof box designed for shipping and/or
transferring freight between rail, truck or marine modes. Specialized
containers are equipped with heating and cooling capabilities for
perishable products.
Gross ton-miles (Gross tonne-kilometres): The sum of ton-miles
handled, calculated using the total weight of the trailing tonnage (both
loaded and empty cars) of the trains moved. It excludes the weight of
the locomotives pulling the trains.
Intermodal service: The movement of trailers or containers by rail and
at least one other mode of transportation. Import and export containers
generally are shipped via marine and rail. Domestic intermodal service
On-time performance: The ability to meet customer requirements as to
pick-up and delivery schedules.
Reload centre: A transfer facility enabling the railway to expand market
share through truck-to-rail service.
Revenue ton-miles (Revenue tonne-kilometres): The sum of tonmiles handled, calculated using the total weight of the commodities in
the cars of the trains moved. It excludes the ton-miles involved in the
movement of railway materials or any other non-revenue movement.
Scheduled railroad: A railroad that handles individual car movements
according to a specific plan where possible and manages expectations to
meet agreed upon customer commitments.
2012
usually involves truck and rail.
39
Glossary
Track operated: First main track only. Excludes second and other main
track, passing tracks and crossovers, industrial tracks, spurs and yard tracks.
Trip plan: A detailed chain of train handling events describing car
handling from shipper’s door to consignee’s door. Trip plans are
expressed in hours and are tailored for each specific customer location.
Unit train: A train with a fixed, coupled consist of cars operated
continuously in shuttle service under load from origin and delivered
intact at destination and returning usually for reloading at the same
origin.
CONVERSION FACTORS
miles to kilometres
1.6093
tons (short) to metric tonnes
0.9072
gallons to litres
4.5461
revenue ton-miles to revenue tonne-kilometres
1.4599
kilometres to miles
0.6214
metric tonnes to tons (short)
1.1023
litres to gallons
0.2200
revenue tonne-kilometres to revenue ton-miles
0.6850
2012
LIST OF ACRONYMS
40
BGTM
Billion gross ton-miles
CAC
Criteria Air Contaminants
CDP
Carbon Disclosure Project
DG
Dangerous Goods
GHG
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
LEM
Locomotive Emissions Monitoring
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding
RAC
Railway Association of Canada
RTK
Revenue ton-kilometres
RTM
Revenue ton-miles
TSB
Transportation Safety Board