Gestes enfants bilingues FA BIS BIS.pptx

References Acredolo, Linda & Susan Goodwyn (1988). Symbolic gesturing in normal infants. Child development, 59 (2), 450-­‐466. Acredolo, Linda & Susan Goodwyn (1988). Symbolic gesturing in normal infants. Child development, 59 (2), 450-­‐466. Capirci, Olga, Jana Iverson, Elena Pizzuto & Virginia Volterra (1996). Gestures and words during the transiRon to two word speech. Journal of Child Language, 23, 645-­‐673. Genesee, Fred & Elena Nicoladis (2007). Bilingual first language acquisiRon. In Erika Hoff & Marilyn Shatz (Eds.) Handbook of language development (pp. 324-­‐342). Oxford: Blackwell. Guide`, Michèle (2005). Yes or no? How do young children combine gestures and words to agree and refuse. Journal of Child Language 32, 911-­‐924. PeRco, Laura A., Marina Katerelos, Bronna G. Levy, KrisRne Gauna, Karine Tétreault & Vicoria Ferraro (2001). Bilingual sign and spoken language acquisiRon from birth : implicaRons for the mechanisms underlying early bilingual language acquisiRon. Journal of Child Language 28, 453-­‐496. THE ROLE OF GESTURE IN BILINGUAL CHILDREN’S
LANGUAGE SOCIALIZATION
Aliyah Morgenstern
Sandra Benazzo
Frédérique Atangana
SIX-­‐YEAR-­‐OLD FRENCH-­‐ENGLISH BILINGUAL CHILD MOTHER ENGLISH FATHER FRENCH SIX-­‐YEARS OLD FRENCH-­‐ENGLISH BILINGUAL CHILD I. THEORETHICAL BAKCGROUND II. ANTOINE’S PATHWAY INTO NEGATION III. QUALITATIVE ANALYSES OF FAMILY DINNERS LANGUAGE AND MULTIMODALITY
NEGATIVE PLURISEMIOTIC NEGATIONS
GESTURES
ACTIONS
WORDS
SIGNS
FUNCTIONS
REJECTION
ABSENCE/
NONEXISTENCE
DENIAL
INCAPACITY
ASSERTION
NEGATIVE
PROTEST
EPISTEMIC NEG
PROHIBITION
OTHER
REFUSAL
BIMODAL CONTINUUM
ACTIONS
VISUAL
AUDITORY
MODALITY
MODALITY
SYMBOLIC
GESTURES
NON
SYMBOLIC
SIGNS
WORS
SYMBOLIC
ONOM.
SOUNDS
NON
SYMBOLIC
7 FRENCH
ACTIONS GESTURES BABBLING WORDS ITALIAN
ACTIONS GESTURES BABBLING WORDS 8 GESTURE WORDS – PREVIOUS STUDIES
Symbolic gestures develop in tandem with early words (1;4-­‐ 1;5) u  Same cogniRve development u  AlternaRve means unRl the linguisRc means for the same funcRon is available Acredolo & Goodwyn (1988 on English children aged 0;11-­‐2;00) Cross-­‐modal combina[ons (gestures + words) u  Intermediate phase towards 2-­‐word stage u  To overcome linguisRc limitaRons Capirci et al. (1996 on Italian children aged 1;4-­‐1;8) 9 GESTURE WORDS – PREVIOUS STUDIES
u Gestures of agreement and refusal = first symbolic gestures (aside from poin[ng) used by children. u Gestural modality operaRonal before verbal modality, but verbal modality already prevails at 2;0. Guideb (2005 French children aged 1;4, 2;0, 3;0) INDIVIDUAL VARIATION PRECOCIOUS VERBAL MODALITY= FEW SYMBOLIC GESTURES Ø  PROCESSING FACTOR: symbolic gestures easier to process in comprehension and easier to produce. Ø  SOCIAL FACTOR: parents’ response to gestures / compeRRon for acenRon. 10
2L1 ACQUISITION
u Impact of specific factors (language combinaRons, input & consistency, context of exposure…): a strong and a weak language, Genesee & Nicoladis 2006 u No delay on lexicon development (as long as both languages are considered) or in the milestones of their linguisRc development, Pe[ho et al. 2001 u Code-­‐mixing = specific competence in both languages (olen lexical gap filling in the weak language), Genesee & Nicoladis 2006 11 I. THEORETHICAL BAKCGROUND II. ANTOINE’S PATHWAY INTO NEGATION III. QUALITATIVE ANALYSES OF FAMILY DINNERS 1;05 TO 3;06 MOTHER – ITALIAN FATHER – FRENCH BROTHER 3 YEARS OLDER FILMED ONE HOUR MONTHLY IN FRENCH BY ALIYAH MORGENSTERN FILMED ONE HOUR MONTHLY IN ITALIAN BY SANDRA BENAZZO 13 METHOD FILM + TRANSCRIPTION UNIFIED CODING SYSTEM DETAILED CODING OF SPECIFIC EXTRACTS 14 CODING PROCESS
NEGATIVE FUNCTIONS Refusal, RejecRon, Non existence + Agreement , Requests GESTURAL MODALITY NEGATIVE FORMS -­‐  AcRons (pushing away an object) -­‐  Symbolic gestures (head-­‐shaking, shrug shoulder, palms up, waving index) SPOKEN MODALITY -­‐  French: non, pas,… -­‐  Italian : no, non …. CROSSMODAL: Visual (acRon / Gesture) + Verbal (Fr/It) 15 EXCEL SHEET
Session
minutage LOC
Contexte Production Geste/
avant
verbale
corps
Contexte Fonction type de
Forme de structure place dans
après
modalité/ la négation de la
le
sémiotiqu (marqueur) négation dialogue
e de la
négation
2;00 Fr
33'25
CHI
NU lui
"manon!"
propose un 2e
dessert
CHI écarte le NU cherche
yaouhrt de sa d'autres
main, secoue yaouhrts
tête
2;00 Fr
35'30
CHI
NU "tu vas
regarder les
Aristi-chats
tout à
l'heure?"
CHI secoue AL "non? Tu refus
la tête
vas en voir un
autre?" CHI
"Omalley""
refus (objet)
non verbale et manon (= mais isolé
verbale
non)
réponse
non verbale
réponse
tête
isolé
16 FORMS USED FOR NEGATIVE FUNCTIONS OVER
TIME
VISUAL MODALITY
CROSS-MODAL
SPEECH IS
PREDOMINANT
COMBINATIONS
DOMINANT
17
ANTOINE’S PATHWAY
FEW WORDS REFUSALS HEAD SHAKING AGREEMENTS NODING REQUESTS EXTEND ARMS POINTING « MAMAN PAPA » MOSTLY ACTION + GESTURE 1;05 – 1;06 18
ANTOINE’S PATHWAY
FEW WORDS REFUSALS HEAD SHAKING SPOKEN MODALITY FRENCH « Evoila / pala » AGREEMENTS NODING REQUESTS EXTEND ARMS POINTING « MAMAN PAPA » MOSTLY ACTION + GESTURE VISUAL MODALITY PREDOMINANT + WORDS MODALITY MIXING 1;05 – 1;06 2;0 – 2;01 REJECTION: « MANON » + GESTURE HAND AND HEAD CODE MIXING 19
ANTOINE’S PATHWAY
FEW WORDS REFUSALS HEAD SHAKING SPOKEN MODALITY FRENCH « Evoila / pala » SPEECH DOMINANT IN FRENCH AGREEMENTS NODING REQUESTS EXTEND ARMS POINTING « MAMAN PAPA » MOSTLY ACTION + GESTURE CODE MIXING CODE MIXING IN ITALIAN VISUAL MODALITY PREDOMINANT + WORDS MODALITY MIXING VISUAL MODALITY PREDOMINANT + WORDS MODALITY MIXING ITALIAN 1;05 – 1;06 2;0 – 2;01 2;06 Refusal: -­‐ Fr. « pas » + It. « dai » (= no give) 20
ANTOINE’S PATHWAY
SPOKEN MODALITY FRENCH « Evoila / pala » SPEECH DOMINANT IN FRENCH CODE MIXING CODE MIXING IN ITALIAN MOSTLY ACTION + GESTURE VISUAL MODALITY PREDOMINANT + WORDS MODALITY MIXING VISUAL MODALITY PREDOMINANT + WORDS MODALITY MIXING ITALIAN 1;05 – 1;06 2;0 – 2;01 2;06 FEW WORDS REFUSALS HEAD SHAKING AGREEMENTS NODING REQUESTS EXTEND ARMS POINTING « MAMAN PAPA » FRENCH ITALIAN BALANCE CODE MIXING IN ITALIAN GESTURES 3;00 21
ANTOINE’S PATHWAY
FEW WORDS SPOKEN MODALITY FRENCH « Evoila / pala » SPEECH DOMINANT IN FRENCH CODE MIXING CODE MIXING IN ITALIAN MOSTLY ACTION + GESTURE VISUAL MODALITY PREDOMINANT + WORDS MODALITY MIXING VISUAL MODALITY PREDOMINANT + WORDS MODALITY MIXING ITALIAN 1;05 – 1;06 2;0 – 2;01 2;06 REFUSALS HEAD SHAKING AGREEMENTS NODING REQUESTS EXTEND ARMS POINTING « MAMAN PAPA » FRENCH ITALIAN BALANCE FRENCH ITALIAN BALANCE CODE MIXING IN ITALIAN GESTURES GESTURES 3;00 3;06 22
MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS : GEST/ACTION + VRB
Use of modali,es in nega,ve produc,ons (%) TRANSITION 2;0-­‐2.6 Ø Longer reliance on the visual modality than other children (against Guide`, 2005 : verbal mod prevails already at 2) Ø CombinaRons of GES/ACT + VRB for NEG are mostly redundant (and not complementary, against Capirci et al., 1996) 23 LONGER RELIANCE ON THE VISUAL MODALITY
COMPETITION FOR ATTENTION
Acredolo et al., 1986
LINGUISTICS LIMITATIONS
« the redundancy provided by representaRonal gestures in equivalent combinaRons may funcRon to reinforce the child's intended message and seems to help the child who is both vocally uncertain and sRll moderately unintelligible to ensure that her message is understood » Capirci et al., 1996
STABILITY OF GESTURES VS VARIATION IN L1 AND L2
24 PARALLEL CROSSMODALITY & CROSSLINGUISTICS
Use of modali,es in nega,ve produc,ons (%) Use of Fr, It and code-­‐mixing (%) 25 CONCLUSION: TRANSITIONAL SYSTEMS
RELIANCE ON GESTURE VS VERBAL CONVERGING FACTORS Ø Exposure to a bilingual environment Ø Same gestures in Italian and French Ø CompeRRon for acenRon (no auditory space) Ø Parents’ response CODE MIXING Ø  LinguisRc creaRvity: KOKOSÉ / MANON 26 I. THEORETHICAL BAKCGROUND II. ANTOINE’S PATHWAY III. QUALITATIVE ANALYSES OF FAMILY DINNERS SIX-­‐YEAR-­‐OLD FRENCH-­‐ENGLISH BILINGUAL CHILD MOTHER ENGLISH FATHER FRENCH EXTRACT 1
EXTRACT 2
30 EXTRACT 2
31 EXTRACT 2
32 STRONG LANGUAGE -­‐ Animated + Verbal WEAK LANGUAGE + Animated -­‐ Lexicon -­‐ Verbal tools + MulRmodal ressources 33 THANK VOUS ! 34