vaiqarTvelebis mier CaSlili qarTul

qarTvelobis gadasarCenad
gazeTi gamodis 1999 wlidan
www.ilori.ge
# 65 (126)
4 maisi
2010
saxalxo
moZraoba
“ “s a m e g r e l o s “ o r g a n o
30
TeTri
sergei kremliovi
vaiqarTvelebis lavrenti
-beria
mier CaSlili
qarTul-afxazuri
gegmebi
6
meoce saukunis
saukeTeso menejeri
gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas
4
“msoflios didi fexburTelebi”
florian alberti
aivor olCerCi
luiji alemandi
afxazeTis mTianeTi
kvlav
erTad,
kvlav
erTmaneTis
imediT...
3
saiT
miiswrafodnen
12
megruli
poeziis
rafsodia
poeti laSa
5
gaxaria
“lazika, lazeTi
udidesi
qarTuli
tkivili
2
anzor Sonia
protoqarTvelebi?
kukuri fifia, 7
9
generali
mazniaSvili
qarTuli
jaris Sesaxeb
Temur qoriZe
2
4 maisi
2010
ilori
“ azika, lazeTi _
l
udidesi qarTuli tkivili
”vagrZelebT werilebis ciklis
beWdvas
bunebrivia, rom qarTvel politikosebs, sazogado moRvaweebs, mwerlebs, poetebs Tu mecnierebs Soris
bevrs, swored, lazuri warmomavloba
hqondaT, isini
Rirseuli
mamuliSvilebi iyvnen da didi amagi
dasdes mSobliur ers. marTalia, dRes
saqarTveloSi mcxovreb qarTvelTa
Soris lazi TiTqmis ar moixsenieba,
magram vinc qarTul gvarebSi kargad
erkveva,
advilad
mixvdeba,
qarTvelebidan romels aqvs lazuri
warmomavloba.
es rom TqvenTvisac garkveuli
iyos, mizanSewonilad mimaCnia Sevexo
gvarebis sakiTxs.
msoflios xalxebSi gvaris instituti SedarebiT axalia, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT samefo da
warCinebul
gvarebs,
rigiT
mosaxleobas mudmivi gvarebi XX
saukunis dasawyisidan daukanondaT,
xolo musulmanur qveynebSi _ 30-iani
wlebidan.
mTel msoflioSi saqarTvelo, albaT, erT-erTi im iSviaT gamonaklisTagania, sadac gvarebs didi
xnis istoria aqvs.
zustad ar aris dadgenili,
saqarTveloSi rodidan dakanonda
mudmivi gvarebi. varaudoben, TiTqos
“Ze”-ze da “Svil”-ze damTavrebuli
mudmivi qarTuli gvarebi erTiani
saqarTvelos epoqaSi, daaxloebiT
XIII saukunidan Semovida, rac saxelmwifo reformis Sedegi SeiZleboda yofiliyo, magram, etyoba dasavleT
saqarTvelos erTiani egrisis samefos
mkvidrebs, megrelebs (maT Soris afxazebs, laz-Wanebs, margvelebs) da
svanebs gvarebi gacilebiT adrindeli
epoqidan unda hqonodaT, razec
metyvelebs Semdegi garemoeba _
megrelebs XIII saukunemde gvarebi rom
ar hqonodaT, maT arc “Ze”-ze da
“Svil”-ze damTavrebuli gvarebi eqnebodaT, vinaidan am stilis gvarebis
SemoRebis epoqaSi egrisis samefo erTiani saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi
iyo.
ufro meti, laz-Wanebs gvarebi rom
ar hqonodaT, arc dRevandeli lazebis maxsovrobas SerCeboda TavianTi
uZvelesi gvarebi da arc damkvidrdeboda cneba “lazuri gvari”, vinaidan
am epoqaSi (XII-XIII saukuneebi) lazika, faqtobrivad, erTiani saqarTvelos
Semadgenlobidan gasuli iyo.
saerTod, rodidan hqondaT gvarebi
megrelebs, Zneli dasadgenia, radganac
axali
welTaRricxvis
pirveli
saukuneebis egrisis samefos istoria
TiTqmis ucnobia da im epoqis megreli moRvaweebis gvarebi istorias ar
SemorCa.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, aRiarebulia,
rom uZvelesi qarTuli gvari aris
megrul-lazuri gvari “baRvaSi”,
romelic cnobilia VII saukunidan, mas
Semdeg, rac baRvaSebi margveTis mflobeli erisTavebi gaxdnen.
SemdgomSi am gvaridan sxva gvarebicaa nawarmoebi da dadianebis pirvandeli gvaric baRvaSi unda iyos.
ufro metic, SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT, rom lazuri gvari IV saukunidan aris cnobili da es gvari SeiZleba iyos “pitiaxSi”.
marTalia, “pitiaxSi” Tanamdebobad
iTvleba, magram me darwmunebuli var,
rom igi sufTa lazuri gvaria.
istoriaSi cnobili arian V saukunis moRvaweebi arSuSa pitiaxSi da
misi Svili varsqen pitiaxSi. swored
varsqen pitiaxSzea Seqmnili pirveli
qarTuli Txzuleba “SuSanikis wameba”. etyoba, is sparseTis mefis qveSemrdomad iTvleboda da iZulebuli iyo
mazdeianoba mieRo.
SemdgomSi,
varsqen
pitiaxSi
saqarTvelos didma mefem vaxtang
gorgasalma (V-VI s.s.) moakvlevina.
arSuSa da varsqeni qarTlis pitiaxSebad iTvlebodnen, magram, vfiqrob,
es arasworia. ufro gamarTlebuli
iqneba, Tu maT CavTvliT sparseTis
mefis mier qarTlis erisTavebad dasmul laz feodalebad, romelTa gvari
pitiaxSi iyo.
am garemoebas angariSgasawevs xdis
cnobili qarTveli moRvawis, eqvTime
TayaiSvilis mier parizis erovnul
biblioTekaSi mikvleuli beWedi,
romelzec warwerilia misi patronis
vinaoba _ “uCa pitiaxSi”.
“uCac” sufTa megrul-lazuri saxelia, romelic Savs niSnavs, rac
kidev erTxel metyvelebs pitiaxSebis
lazobaze.
irkveva, rom meoTxe saukunis moRvawe uCa pitiaxSic qarTlis erisTavia
da arSuSa da varsqen pitiaxSebis
winaprad miaCniaT.
amdenad, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom
uZvelesi qarTuli gvari, romelic istorias SemorCa, aris lazuri gvari
“pitiaxSi”.
sxvaTa Soris, is gaugebroba, rom
margveTis saerisTavos mflobelebs,
baRvaSebs, VII saukunidan, aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi ekuTvnoda kldekari,
orbeTi, skvireTi da ateni, SeiZleba
swored pitiaxSebis damsaxureba iyos
_ mas Semdeg, rac vaxtang gorgasalma
moakvlebina varsqen pitiaxSi, istoriaSi pitiaxSebi aRar sCanan, magram
VII-VIII saukuneebSi, qarTlis erisTavebad Canan sxva lazi didebulebi
_ baRvaSebi. etyoba, maT es mamulebi
pitiaxSebis Semdeg miiRes. SesaZlebelia, rogorc memkvidreebma.
daaxloebiT VI-VII saukuneebis moRvaweebze mogviTxroben lazuri Tqmulebebi, romelTa personebic samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis Tavdadebuli gmirebi arian. maT Soris
gamoirCevian petre xecia, kaxaberi da
sxvebi (broSura “lazebi”, iuri
sixaruliZe, 1999 weli).
“kaxaberi” lazuri gvaria da niSnavs “kaxas Svils”. es gvari mcired
SemorCa, magram safuZvlad daedo
gvarebs _ kaxaberiZes da kaxaberiSvils.
“xecia” megruli Tavaduri gvaria,
romlis Ziri senakis raionSia.
gvari “xecia” am formiT ar SemorCa.
dRes igi “mxeiZed” moixsenieba da
gavrcelebulia imereTSi, guriasa da
samegreloSi. Tumca, samegreloSi mxeiZeebs dResac “xeciebs” eZaxian.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, aSkaraa, rom
qarTuli
gvarebidan
istorias
TiTqmis IV-VI saukuneebidan SemorCa
megrul-lazuri gvarebi. bunebrivia,
lazebs, rogorc megruli teritoriuli jgufis warmomadgenlebs, gvarebi gacilebiT adre hqondaT, vidre isini mSobliur ers moswydebodnen (XIII
saukune).
marTalia, dRes, TurqeTSi lazebs,
ZiriTadad, Turquli formis gvarebi
aqvT, magram TiTqmis yvelas axsovs
Tavisi lazuri gvari, rac kidev erTxel metyvelebs imaze, rom maT kargad
ician, Tu visi gvarisani arian.
dadgenilia, rom megruli gvarebis
mawarmoebeli daboloebebi “ia”, “ui”,
“va”, “Si” (Si _ megrul-lazuri
kuTvnilebiTi sufiqsi), “beri” (lazurad _ Svili), “sqiri” (Wanurad _
Svili), “Wkori” (megrulad _ yma).
arsebobs kidev daboloeba “ba”,
rac afxazuri gvarebis daboloebad
iTvleba, magram mTlad ase ar aris.
miRebulia, rom zogierTi megruli
gvari xalxSi moixsenieba daboloebis
gareSe: anTelavaze ityvian _ anTela,
gergedavaze _ gergeda, miqaiaze _ miqa,
zuxbaiaze _ zuxba, Ciqobavaze _ Ciqoba, Tarabaiaze _ Taraba, Sambaiaze _
Samba, Zvambaiaze _ zvamba, kakubavaze _
kakuba da ase Semdeg.
amdenad, “ba”-c metwilad megruli
gvarebis daboloebaa, magram mxolod
im gvarebis, romlebic xalxSi literaturuli daboloebis gareSe ixsenieba.
marTalia, samegrelos regionebSi
specifiuri
megruli
gvarebia
gavrcelebuli, maT Soris afxazeTSic
da lazikaSic, magram vinc megrul
gvarebSi kargad erkveva, xvdeba,
romeli gvari romeli regionisTvisaa
maxasiaTebeli.
megruli gvareebidan uSualod
lazuri gvarebia “Si”-ze da “beri”-ze
damTavrebuli gvarebi, xolo “sqiri”ze damTavrebuli gvarebi Wanuri
gvarebia:
jaSi, tuRuSi, gegeSi, gureSi, xalvaSi,
meZiSiSi, vaniliSiSi, trapSiSi, baRvaSi,
xaziriSi, carguSi, badidiSi, abaSi,
janaSi da a.S.
kaxaberi, TuTaberi, kakuberi, Cakaberi,
RoRiberi,
gogiberi,
losaberi,
dolaberi, macaberi, koberi, gumberi,
Rvamberi da a.S.
wuleisqiri, papasqiri, kvekvesqiri, bulesqiri, gabesqiri da a.S.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, lazikis
didi nawili, romelic mcire aziaSi
mdebareobda, XIII saukunidan moswyda
saqarTvelos da lazebis umetesoba
dRes TurqeTSi cxovrobs, magram
lazikis is didi nawili, sadac dRes
guria da aWaraa, saqarTvelos farglebSi darCa.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom lazebi
egrisis samefos TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSi cxovrobdnen, bunebrivia, rom maTi
STamomavlebi dResac cxovroben
saqarTveloSi, oRond lazebad ar
iwodebian. isini dRes megrelebad,
imerlebad, gurulebad, aWarlebad da
raWvelebad moixseniebian.
Tqven es lazebis daCagvrad ar miiRoT, asevea megrelebis mimarTac.
megrelTa umetesoba dRes iwodeba
imerlebad, gurulad, afxazad, aWarlad
da raWvelad, imis mixedviT, Tu romel
kuTxeSi cxovrobs.
miTumetes, rom, dRes, saqarTvelos
sinamdvileSi lazika, rogorc kuTxe,
aRar arsebobs da saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi lazebi, sruliad kanonzomierad, im kuTxis Rirseuli warmomadgenlebi arian, sadac cxovroben.
bunebrivia, lazuri gvarebis umetesobam im kuTxis gvarebis forma miiRo, sadac isini cxovroben.
samegrelo _ lazur gvarebs
boloSi “a” daemataT: janaSi gaxda
janaSia, abaSi _ abaSia, kaSi _ kaSia, goToSi _ goToSia, jgviSi _ jgviSia,
morgoSi _ morgoSia, yorSi _ yorSia,
SaraSi _ SaraSia da a.S.
TuTaberi gaxda TuTberia, gigiberi
_ gigiberia, Cakaberi _ Cakaberia, kakuberi _ kakuberia da a.S.
bulesqiri gaxda _ bulesqiria,
gabesqiri _ gabesqiria da a.S.
aWaraSi, guriaSi, imereTSi da raWaSi
lazur gvarebs boloSi ZiriTadad
“Ze” daemataT.
Tu dRes saqarTveloSi “Si” da
“sqir”-ze damTavrebuli gvarebi metnaklebad SemorCenilia, TiTqmis ar
aris SemorCenili, pirvandeli formiT,
“beri”-ze damTavrebuli lazuri
gvarebi.
sxvaTa Soris, “beri”-ze damTavrebul lazur gvarebs “Ze” daboloeba
daemata im epoqaSi, rodesac egrisis
samefos yofil teritoriaze warmoCinda pirveli qarTulenovani
imereTis samefo (XV saukune), rodesac
“beri”-s mniSvneloba, faqtobrivad,
ukve daviwyebuli iyo, Torem aseTi
meTodiT Seqmnili gvarebi garkveul
uxerxulobas qmnian.
aviRoT gvari “TuTaberi”, rac
lazurad niSnavs “mTvaris Svils” da
masze “Zes” an “Svilis” damateba
yovlad uSinaarsoa, magram dRes amas
ukve arsebiTi mniSvneloba aRara
aqvs.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, dRevandel
saqarTveloSi TiTqmis yvela gvari,
“Ze”-s,
romelSic
daboloebebis
“Svilis”-s da “a”-s win zis “Si” an
“beri”, yvela lazuri gvaria da aseTi
gvaris matarebeli xalxi, miuxedavad
imisa, dRes isini imerlebad, aWarlebad,
gurulebad da raWvelebad iwodebian,
mainc lazebis pirdapiri STamomavlebi da WeSmariti qarTvelebi
arian.
aRsaniSnavia, romgvari “beriZe” yvelaze
mravalricxovani
gvaria
saqarTveloSi. rogorc cnobilia,
sazogado moRvawe vukol beriZe ambobs, Turme beriZis pirvandeli forma yofila “beria” da am gvaris Ziri
sofeli “saberio” yofila galis
raionSi.
am mosazrebas angariSgasawevs xdis
is
garemoeba,
rom
samxreT
saqarTveloSi beriZeebs dResac
“egriselaanT (megrel) beriZeebad”
moixsenieben.
amaSi
moulodneli
araferia,
vinaidan saqarTveloSi lazebs, faqtobrivad, yovelTvis megrelebad
aRiqvamdnen...
...es kidev erTxel metyvelebs, rom
lazuri gvari erT-erTi uZvelesia
saqarTveloSi, vinaidan aSkaraa,
lazebs am epoqaSi (V-VI saukuneebi)
gvarebi ukve hqondaT. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi, maT megruli gvarebi
eqnebodaT....
...amdenad, lazebi da megrelebi, faqtobrivad, erTi da igive xalxia.
saqarTveloSi, maT, xSirad, saerTo saxeliTac ki moixseniebdnen, rac imaze
metyvelebs, rom qarTveli xalxi maT
yovelTvis WeSmarit megrelebad aRiqvamda.
megrelebsa da lazebs Soris iseTive umniSvnelo gansxvavebaa, rogoric samegrelos sxvadasxva raionSi mcxovreb megrelebs Soris,
daaxloebiT sakuTriv megrelebsa da
afxazeT-samurzayanos megrelebs
Soris da lazebic iseTive sruluflebiani da WeSmariti qarTvelebi
arian,
rogoric
qarTlelebi,
megrelebi, kaxelebi, imerlebi, gurulebi, aWarlebi, svanebi, raWvelebi,
mesxebi, javaxebi, mTiulebi, xevsurebi,
TuSebi, fSavelebi Tu moxeveebi.
anzor Sonia,
“fazisis” akademiis
namdvili wevri
ilori
4 maisi 2010
3
kvlav erTad, kvlav erTmaneTis imediT...
kidev erTi Cangreuli xidi aRsdga qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris
_ 2008 wels saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis
saministrom da giorgi CubinaSvilis
saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis kvlevis
erovnulma centrma erToblivad
gamosces profesiiT eqimis paata
qurdovaniZis mier qarTul-afxazur enebze Sesrulebuli ilustrirebuli “qarTul-afxazuri albomi”. masSi XIX saukunis dasawyisSi qarTvelebisa da afxazebis
urTierTobaa aRwerili, romelic saTanado unikaluri fotomasaliTaa
dadasturebuli. qarTul-afxazuri
urTierTobebis es periodi didi
kulturul-istoriuli
epoqis
mniSvnelovani monakveTi iyo, im xangrZlivi epoqisa, romlis dasawyisi
saukuneebis siRrmeSi iRebs saTaves.
gTavazobT statiebs aRniSnuli Jurnalidan.
afxazeTis mTavari giorgi mixeilis Ze SarvaSiZe-CaCba
rogorc namdvil afxazs Seefereboda, giorgi ServaSiZes erTnairi siZlieriT uyvarda is dedac
romelmac Soba da is dedac, romelmac Tavisi rZiT gamokveba. mas
maTTvis ar uRalatnia maTi siRaribisa da damcirebis dros da cxovrebis gzis dasasrulamde SeinarCuna rwmena, rom orives bednieri momavali eloda.
geronti qiqoZe
afxazeTis ukanaskneli mTavris
ufrosi vaJi, poeti, dramaturgi, publicisti da sazogado moRvawe
giorgi SarvaSiZe gamorCeul;i figuraa XIX saukunis meore naxevrisa
da XX saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos istoriaSi. mTeli misi Semoqmedeba, msoflmxedveloba mimarTuli iyo qarTvelTa da afxazTa
Zmobisa da siyvarulis gasaRrmaveblad. giorgi SarvaSiZis erTiani
qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisadmi
midgomis politikam didi roli iTamaSa TanamedroveTa cnobierebaze.
XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi
carizmma, kavkasieli mTielebis
mravalwliani winaaRmdegobis daZlevis Semdeg, ukanaskneli qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi institutebi: svaneTis, samegrelosa da
afxazeTis samTavroebic gaauqma da
qveyana or _ Tbilisisa da quTaisis
guberniebad aqcia...
samTavroebis gauqmebas umtkivneulod
ar
Cauvlia.
murzayan
dadeSqelianis mier quTaisis general-gubernator gagarinis xanjliT akuwvis ambavi (romelsac
lamazi poema uZRvna SesaniSnavma
afxazma poetma iua koRoniam _
“iloris” redaqcia) evropis presaSic gaxmaurda. sveubeduri svaneTis
mTavari daxvrites.
sakmao Zalisxmeva dasWirda
samegrelos dedoflis ekaterine dadianis peterburgSi gawvevasac.
Semdgom afxazeTis samTavros arsebobis sakiTxic dadga. mTel
saqarTveloSi da Crdilo-dasavleT
kavkasiaSi didi avtoritetis mqone,
im droisaTvis jangatexili afxazeTis mTavari, mixeil ServaSiZe, 1864
wels iZulebuli gaxda imperatoris
nebas damorCileboda, mosaxleobisaTvis carizmis morCilebisaken
moewodebina da winaaRmdegobis
gauwevlad gadamdgariyo. afxazTa
brZenma Tavkacma kargad icoda
caristTa zraxvani, miznis misaRwevad isini aravis daeridebodnen da
zRva sisxls daRvridnen. swored
amitomac, mSobeli xalxisaTvis
gansacdelis Tavidan aridebis
mizniT, igi Zalas damorCilda. am
gadawyvetilebis safasurad ki
mSobliur kuTxeSi datoveba an,
ukidures SemTxvevaSi, quTaisSi
dasaxlebis ufleba iTxova. Tumca,
caristuli administraciisTvis es
uwyinari Txovnac miuRebeli aRmoCnda. yasidad Tanxmoba ganucxades,
gemze motyuebiT aiyvanes da foTisken mgzavrobis momlodine
novorosiiskidan voroneJs gauyenes.
mixeil ServaSiZe im mgzavrobisas, vin icis, ra fiqrebiT eTxoveboda mSobliur sanaxebs. albaT,
nanobda kidec wlebis ganmavlobaSi
romanovTa saimperatoro saxlisadmi Tavdadebasa da ruseTis interesebis dacvas. istoriuli wyaroebi
amaze duman, magram situaciis tragizmi imaSic igrZnoba, rom imperiis
RalatSi dadanaSaulebuli (rac
SemdgomSi veravin daadastura)
mTavari, afxazeTs
SvilebTan
gamoumSvidobeblad ganaSores.
oriode wliT adre, xangrZlivi
avadmyofobiT Sewuxebulma mixeilma imperators Tavisi ufrosi
ZisTvis taxtis gadacemis Txovna
aaxla. giorgi am dros TbilisSi
mefisnacvlis adiutantad msaxurobda. am moTxovnaze mas uari eTqva: Tqveni vaJi, Tavisi axalgazrdobisa da gamoucdelobis gamo, am
saqmisTvis ver gamodgebao. “am pasuxis namdvili azri mixeilisTvis
gaugebari
ar
darCenila
da
protestis niSnad man iTxova Tavisi
ganTavisufleba namdvili samsaxurisagan. mixeili gulisxmobda general-adiutantis wodebasa da general-leitenantis xarisxs, romelic
mas rusis mTavrobisagan hqonda
miniWebuli” (s. janaSia, giorgi SarvaSiZe,
kulturul-istoriuli
narkvevi, soxumi, 1946, gv. 14).
drom cxadyo, rom mixeil SarvaSiZe ar Semcdara, roca arCevani
ufros Zeze SeaCera. saxelmwifo
saqmeebSi metad gamobrZmedil,
kavkasielTa problemebSi zedmiwevniT gaTviTcnobierebul afxazeTis mTavars Tavidanve zustad
ganuWvretia memkvidris potenciuri
SesaZleblobebi, romelsac safuZveli dedam da papidam _ aleqsandra da kesaria dadianebma, misi
tradiciuli
qarTuli
saganmanaTleblo principebiT aRzrdisas,
daudes. yovelive es giorgi ServaSiZis patriotuli suliskveTebiT
gamsWvalul mxatvrul Semoqmedebasa
da publicistikazec aisaxa, romelTa
ukan evropulad ganswavluli,
rusuli, laTinuri, franguli, germanuli, inglisuri enebis brwyinvaled mcodne moazrovne idga.
giorgi ServaSiZis cxovrebasa
da moRvaweobaze bevri ram dawerila. upirvelesad, unda gavixsenoT
akademikos simon janaSias dResac
aqtualuri, uaRresad saintereso
wigni: “giorgi ServaSiZe, kulturulistoriuli narkvevi”. yuradsaRebia grigol robaqiZis, Salva dadianis, geronti qiqoZis, solomon
caiSvilisa da sxvaTa esseebi Tu
mogonebebi. arc Semdgom wlebSi daklebia mas qarTvel mkvlevarTa yuradReba: giorgi ServaSiZis Semoqmedebaze mniSvnelovani naSromi
dagvitova oTar WurRuliam. afxazi
mwerlis cxovreba da moRvaweoba mimoixiles avTandil nikolaiSvilma
da TaTuli RviniaSvilma. elguja
TavberiZem gamosca ortomeuli, romlis pirvel tomSi Sevida simon
janaSias zemoT dasaxelebuli wigni, xolo meore tomSi _ giorgi ServaSiZisadmi miZRvnili sxvadasxva avtorebis werilebi. msgavsi interesi SemTxveviTi namdvilad ar aris.
(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)
afxazeTis mTianeTi
elene erastis asuli
andreevskaia-ServaSiZisa
giorgi SarvaSiZis bebia _ barbare
islamis asuli dadeSqelianidadianisa da biZebi konstantine
(kowia) da giorgi dadianebi
afxazeTis mTavari mixeil (hamuT-bei)
giorgis Ze SarvaSiZe-CaCba
giorgi mixeilis Ze SarvaSiZe-CaCba
4
4 maisi
ilori
2010
sergei kremliovi
beria _ XX saukunis saukeTeso
menejeri
mexuTe _ kremeri _ 1942 wlis agvistomde ursula barton-kuCinskaias (sonia) meSveobiT amyarebda kavSirs londonSi atomur bombze momuSave mecnier
klaus fuqsTan, Semdeg _ 1943 wlis
ivlisamde iyo ucxo enaTa saxelmwifo
samxedro institutis dasavleTis saxelmwifoTa fakultetis ufrosi. 1943
wlis ivlisidan frontzea, 1944 wels
dainiSna gvardiis me-8 meqanikuri
brigadis meTaurad, daiWra mZimed, miniWebuli hqonda satanko jarebis general-maioris wodeba, 1944 wels gaxda
sabWoTa kavSiris gmiri, 1945-1956 wlebSi sardlobda gvardiis me-5 meqanizebul divizias. 1956 wels gavida
TadarigSi. 1990 wels gardaicvala
odesaSi.
maS ase, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo,
garkveul etapamde garegnulad xuTi
absoluturad identuri biografiaa,
Tumca _ SinaarsiT erTmaneTisagan Zalian gansxvavebuli.
da ai, kidev erTi, amjerad kadris Cekistis, berias Tanatoli polkovnikis
stanislav aleqseis Ze vaupSasovis
(vaupSasis) bedi.
litveli glexis Svilma, rogorc
ityvian, gaiara cxovrebis naTeli da
mquxare gza. 20-ian wlebSi partizanobda belorusiis tyeebSi, ibrZoda
espaneTSi, iyo aralegali.
“maiori
did
samamulo
omSi
gradovi” meTaurobda specrazm “daumarcxebels”, 1944 wels ki podpolkovniki
vaupSasovi
sabWoTa
kavSiris gmiri gaxda...
vaupSasovma erT-erTma ukanasknelma
dastova espaneTi 1944 wlis martSi. igi
aravis gamouwvevia 1937 wels espaneTidan, rogorc, magaliTad, gamoiwvies orlov-feldbingi. da es arc
aris gasaocari! stanislav vaupSass
umwikvlo biografia hqonda _ misi siwminde dadasturebulia anketiT,
romelSic ikveTeba raindisa da xalxis erTguli jariskacis saxe.
1939 wlis 19 maiss vaupSasovi
safrangeTis gavliT kronStadtSi
Camovida gem “ulianovskiT”, romelsac
aseve Camohyva espaneTis kompartiis generaluri mdivani dolores ibaruri.
1939 wlis miwuruls igi fineTis
frontzea, Semdeg ki kvlav weliwadnaxevari aralegalurad muSaoba
evropaSi, saidanac stanislavi ukve 1941
wels
dabrunda.
Sinsaxkomis
gansakuTrebuli daniSnulebis motomsrolelTa brigadis SemadgenlobaSi moskovis misadgomebTan brZolis Semdeg, “maiori gradovi” frontis xazs miRma TxilamurebiT wavida
minskis midamoebSi.
ramdenime wlis Semdeg vaupSasovma
dawera wigni “sagangaSo gzajvaredinebze”, da ai, ras swerda igi 1939
wlis gazafxulis Sesaxeb:
“espaneTidan dabrunebis Semdeg me
sakmaod didi xani veguebodi mSvidobian cxovrebas axmaurebul da galamazebul moskovSi, vcdilobdi Sevguebodi ojaxurs sazrunavs.
Svebuleba meuRlesTan erTad gavatare leningradis gareubanSi...
moskovSi dabrunebis Semdeg vmuSaob-
di ssrk Sinsaxkomis erT-erT sammarTveloSi. vcxovrobdi ojaxSi, samsaxurSi davdiodi mSobliuri moskovis quCebiT, vtkbebodi qalaqis cxovrebis aCqarebuli tempiT”.
rogorc vxedavT, vaupSasovi aravis
Seuwuxebia SemowmebebiT. piradad
misTvis es niSnavda, rom mas endobodnen. CvenTvis ki, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, es
kidev erTi dasturi gaxlavT imisa, rom
1939 wlis nimuSis ssrk Sinsaxkomi
yvela
ucxoeTis
mivlinebidan
dabrunebuls ar ucxadebda undoblobas. magram es sruliadac ar
niSnavs, rom beria Semowmebis gareSe endoboda yvelas _ mogvianebiT Cven
amaSi davrwmundebiT...
sabWoTa specsamsaxurebis Seqmnisa
da 1938-1939 wlebSi mis saqmianobaSi
lavrenti berias rolze, miuxedavad
misi saxelis garSemo datrialebuli
sicruisa da ciliswamebis koriantelisa, uamravi ramis Tqma SeiZleba, radgan uamravi dadebiTi magaliTi
gagvaCnia.
aviRoT viqtor Cebrikovi, romelic
1982-1988 wlebSi Tavkacobda ssrk saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitets. is
“lubiankis” maRalCinosanTa erT-erTi
is warmomadgenelia, romelsac xelze
acxia sabWoTa kavSiris sisxli, romelmac saxelmwifo elcinsa da gorbaCovs
miugdo sajijgnad, romelTac Semdeg
yvelafris ganadgurebaSi gawafuli
“demokratebi” da “oligarqebi” Caenacvlnen.
1988 wlis 2 seqtembers man interviu
misca gazeT “pravdas”, romelsac ukve
didi xania hqonda aRebuli xeli raime
simarTlis Semcveli informaciebis
beWdvaze. Cebrikovma maSin ganacxada:
“SeTxzuli braldebebis safuZvelze
represiebma Seiwires oci aTasi Cekistis sicocxle. eseni iyvnen maRali
donis profesionalebi da komunisturi
partiis erTguli wevrebi”.
magram mweral igor pixalovs, Tavis
wignSi “stalinis epoqa: faqtebi miTebis winaaRmdeg”, ssrk uSiSroebis saxelmwifo komitetis saarqivo masalebze dafuZvnebiT mohyavs cifrebi 19331939 wlebSi ssrk Sinsaxkomisa da
mTavari politsammarTvelos represirebuli TanamSromlebis Sesaxeb.
modiT, gadavxedoT am cifrebs!
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom es cifrebi
kidev erTxel amtkiceben mis siyalbes,
da Tu ratom, amas male agixsniT.
cnobaSi aseTi cifrebia moyvanili:
weli
dapatimrebulia
1933
738
1934
2.860
1935
6.249
1936
1.945
1937
3.837
1938
5.625
1939
1.364
sul:
22.618
saocar naxtoms vxedavT 1934 wels:
dapatimrebulTa ricxvi TiTqmis oTxjer aris gazrdili! ratom?
uwyebis xelmZRvaneli iyo da am
postze darCa iagoda, mas ki hqonda
aseTi Tviseba _ rac SeiZleba meti
Tavisi TanamSromlis siglaxe mieCqmala.
gansakuTrebuli SeRqmulebebi im periodSi arc gamomJRavnebula. arc zemodan yofila represiebis gamkacrebis
miTiTeba.
da mainc saidan aseTi zrda?
yvelaferi es ioli asaxsnelia: 1934
wlis 10 ivliss gaerTianebuli saxelmwifo politikuri sammarTvelos
bazaze Seiqmna sabWoTa kavSiris Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariati. da
Targmani
roland jalaRaniasi
axla iagodas gankargulebaSi iyvnen
ara mxolod sakuTriv Cekistebi da
muSur-glexuri milicia, aramed, damatebiT:
_ saxanZro dacvis mTavari sammarTvelo;
_ moqalaqeTa mdgomareobis aqtebis
Caweris ganyofileba;
_ tyis dacvis samsaxuri...
es ki niSnavda periferiuli struqturebis TanamSromelTa raodenis
mkveTr zrdas, rac niSnavda kadrebis
profesionalizmis daqveiTebas (mmaCis
biuroebSi xSiri iyo qrTamis aRebis
faqtebi, mexanZreebi xSirad ar idgnen
mowodebis simaRleze, metyeveebi ki
tyis usabuTod da uTavbolod Wras
xels uwyobdnen garkveuli sarfis
fasad da a.S.).
marTalia, jer kidev 1932 wlis Semodgomaze saxanZro dacvis funqciebi
Tavisi struqturebianad gadaeca
mTavar politikur sammarTvelos
(maSin specialuri ganyofileba Seiqmna).
magram
xanZarsawinaaRmdego
qvedanayofTa saqmianobis masStabebi
gansakuTrebiT gaizarda mTavari saxanZro sammarTvelos Seqmnis Semdeg.
garda amisa, skkp politbiuros centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetisa
da ssrk saxkomsabWos 1934 wlis 27 oqtombris dadgenilebiT iusticiis saxalxo komisariatis yvela Sroma-gasworebiTi kolonia (cixeebi, sapatimroebi,
izolatorebi, iZulebiTi
samuSaoebis biuro) gadaeca axali
Sinsaxkomis sapatimro adgilebis
mTavar sammarTvelos (gulagi). es
Cveni “demokratebisaTvis” sityva gulagi mxolod cixes niSnavs, magram 1934
wlis 27 oqtombramde es sxvadasxva mcnebebi gaxldaT. am struqturis gaCena ki imas niSnavda, rom patimarTa rigebi Seivseboda ara ubralo moqalaqeTa rigebidan, aramed Sinsaxkomis sistemis TanamSromlebidanac.
amave dros, ssrk Sinsaxkomis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT gaizarda misi
Static _ rogorc centraluri, aseve
periferiebis. struqturebi Seivso axalgazrda milicielebiTa da CekistebiT. es ki TavisTavad niSnavda, rom
Sesabamisad gaizrdeboda dapatimrebulTa ricxvi damnaSave milicielebiTa da CekistebiT.
swored amitom gvaqvs saxeze aseTi
naxtomi 1934 wels!
1935 wels, roca axladSeqmnil ssrk
Sinsaxkoms erTi weli Seusrulda, 1933
welTan SedarebiT dapatimrebulTa
ricxvi gaizarda TiTqmis rvajer. aqac
yvelaferi ioli asaxsnelia. axla ukve
statistikas avsebdnen damnaSave mexanZreebi, mmaCis biuroTa TanamSromlebi
da tyis dacvis samsaxuris muSakebi. ase
rom, wesrigis damyarebas axla Tavad
iagodam mohkida xeli da iZulebuli iyo
patimarTa ricxvebi Seevso mexanZreTa
xarjze, Tumca saxanZro samsaxurSi
sabolod mainc ar damyarda wesrigi...
1936 wels mdgomareoba qveyanaSi
ufro stabiluri gaxda da es dapatimrebulTa statistikazec aisaxa.
rogorc Sinsaxkomis centralur
aparatSi, aseve periferiebSi mkacri
zomebis gatarebam Sedegi moitana da
iq wesrigma daisadgura.
1937 da 1937 wlebi Sinsaxkomis sistemaSi gamoirCa dapatimrebulTa
ricxvis umniSvnelo, magram mainc
matebiT. es maCvenebeli bevrad CamorCeboda 1935 wlis cifrebs, rac ukve
TavisTavad miuTiTebs, rom ssrk Sinsaxkomis sistemaSi araviTari “didi
wmenda” ar Catarebula.
rac Seexeba Sinsaxkomis saTaveSi be-
rias mosvlas, misi daniSvnis pirvelsave wels SeiniSneba SinsaxkomSi dapatimrebulTa ricxvis mkveTrad kleba. esec savsebiT gasagebia _ lavrenti beria arasodes wyalobda xalxis
dasjisa da sisxlisRvris moyvarul
adamianebs.
es mxolod antonov-ovseenkos da
general volkogonovis wignebSia warmoCenili beria rogorc “monstri”,
“sisxlismxmeli”, “jalaTi” da a.S.
naTelia, rom Sinsaxkomis sistemaSi
dapatimrebul 22.618 TanamSromelTa
Soris milicielebsa da CekistebTan
erTad iyvnen mexanZreebi, mmaCis biuros
TanamSromlebi da satyeo dacvis samsaxuris da Sinsaxkomis sxva samoqalaqo samsaxurTa TanamSromlebi.
kerZod,
genadi
kostirCenko
gvauwyebs, rom 1936 wlis 1 oqtombridan 1938 wlis 1 ianvramde dapatimrebul iqna 1.220 Cekisti. da es cifri
“moxdenilad” ewereba ssrk Sinsaxkomis
zogad statistikaSi da amtkicebs, rom
warsulSi am sistemaSi dasaqmebuli
Cekistebis ricxovnebis xarjze, 1933
welTan SedarebiT, patimrebis raodenoba ganuxrelad izrdeboda.
fsb-s Semajamebeli cnobis Semdgeni
avtori Sinsaxkomis egidiT moxerxebulad “gvtenis” im statistikas,
romelSic lomis wili edo mTavari
politikuri sammarTvelos pirad Semadgenlobas.
mTavari politikuri sammarTvelos
dapatimrebuli TanamSromeli, iqneba
igi rigiTi buRalteri Tu administraciul-sameurneo samsaxuris warmomadgeneli, ubralo moqalaqis TvalSi mainc Cekistia. da maTi Tavmoyra
erT siaSi, kidev erTxel ganamtkicebs
obivatelis TavSi im azrs, rom am sistemis yvela dapatimrebuli TanamSromeli Cekistia.
unda vaRiaroT _ sakmaod mzakvruli, magram Wkvianuri Canafiqria!
magram, tyuili tyuilia.. es simarTlis
mxilebaa SeuZlebeli yvelgan da
yovelTvis _ imitomacaa igi simarTle.
tyuilis mxileba SesaZlebelia, magram
es yovelTvis ver xerxdeba iolad.
magram, Cven igi vamxileT, Zvirfaso
mkiTxvelo. ase ar aris?
ai, ramdeni ramis gageba SeiZleba
cifrTa am ori svetis analiziT!
beriaze
danTxeuli
boroti
tyuilebiT SeiZleba uamravi falsifikaciis mxileba, rasac pirvelma
igive igor pixalovma miaqcia yuradReba da romelsac moviyvan.
1995
wels
yovelkvireuli
“dazvervisa
da
kontrdazvervis
siaxleebi” (#15-16, gv.4) werda mzverav
Tevdore karpis Ze parparovze:
“1938 wlis 27 maiss parparovi berias
uSualo miTiTebiT daapatimres da
masze gamoZieba mimdinareobda 1939
wlis ivnisamde. ganTavisuflda imitom, rom ar daumtkicda mTavari
braldeba _ SpionaJi ucxo saxelmwifoTa sasargeblod”.
imave 1995 wels sagareo dazvervis
samsaxuri gamoscems mokle biografiul cnobars “ruseTis sagareo
dazvervis veterenebi” (ukve maSin, elcinis ti pis moRvaweebs sityva “sabWoTa kavSiris” xseneba SiSsa da Zrwolvas gvrida _ sergei kremliovi). am
cnobarSi weria:
“berias uSualo miTiTebiT, 1938
wlis zafxulSi sabWoTa sagareo
dazvervis yvela agenti moskovSi
gamoiZaxes, maT undobloba gamoucxades da ukan aRaravin daubrunebiaT”
(gv.161).
gagrZeleba iqneba
5
4 maisi 2010
ilori
megruli poeziis rafsodia
gazeTi “ilori” agrZelebs leqsebis ciklis beWdvas cnobili qarTveli
poetis laSa gaxarias wignidan “iriaToni” (beqilia-nabordiSa).
TaS duvarTi Cqim yeburcu,
Cuan elaCunafilcg,
jalef jveSi ojaleSiT
yalef ggmamunafilcg,
anw arTmango ujineqg
urCqenji do guyrafulsg,
xvarxvale Rurus vondgq _
iriS moreTg wurafilcg.
lawkarefg dinafilgre
mi vordi do so vordini,
ase vabSg _ borjiSi geSa,
SiSiT ginoyintil nina
vekobdgumu amardeSa,
note, gegnobxoxuduko
dRa do seriSi olageSa,
Tina vara maCqvenudu,
mu memiRun ogmageSa.
margaluri
margaluri gvalo Sxva re, _
arTo bJa do arTo ca re,
didaS farTo karTe re do
mumaS yvana do facxa re,
yorofaSi wyurgile do
RoronTiSi abarwa re,
uCa borjiS alnangara,
guriS elnakarkaca re.
davubrundi odabades,
davubrundi Cems kerias _
xeebs _ Zveli ojaleSiT
totebs CamoRrublebulebs.
dRes mowyaled vumzer yvelas
swavlulsac da uswavlelsac
da vendobi mxolod sikvdils
yvelafris da yvelas momrevs.
megruli xom sul sxva aris,
sul mze aris, sul ca aris,
dedis farTo kalTa aris,
mamis yana-facxa aris,
is wyaroa siyvarulis
da uflisa aivani.
Savi borjis cremlia da
gulis sicil-kiskisia.
Semdegi teqsti dakargulia.
Cqim margalur sxunili re _
kaWalia lakaduri,
yambarulo nafurcela, _
soTin vaxol naxafuli,
xaRe manjRverc dugorgncg _
sityvas Sara akarTuni...
njRel zRvas xolo miSarCqindg _
wkonda wyurgil qakaTuni.
vin viyavi, sad viyavi
aRar maxsovs borjis gamo,
SiSiT Cavardnili ena
aqamde ver amomidgams.
netav gadavsuliyavi
dRis da Ramis olageze,
imas mainc gavigebdi
Tu ra mimaqvs saiqios.
es megruli darCeuli,
dakrolili, lakaduri,
yavariviT dafurclili,
ukorZo da unafoto.
wam, winamZRols mouZebnis,
sityvas gza Tu aeria...
mRvrie zRvasac Seetyoba _
wminda wyaro _ nakaduli.
megruli
evas zogjer unda xolme
margaluri jveS nina re _
qorTuliSi jerRvi _ Wverxi,
orCqileTg _ saRoronTo,
vauwyoruaf Wvaxe rexi,
ninas xolo nokobue
bargua do maJirua,
tyaSi ggTotitonua,
wyarua do laJirua.
ena Zveli _ ZvelisZveli _
qarTulisa aris ZarRvi,
saRvTo aris mosasmenad,
mas ar urevia xinji.
min zesqviSi Cilkamuri,
min _ peleti do merexi,
qoT peuli, qoT WuWeli,
gurc efalir Sur-binexi.
uminj yvana, gamgonebu,
saedakiaq daJRirua...
qeminji do gaqSabircxe _
umoRe do naJirua.
xan cremlia SaSvisa da
xanac grgvinva-merexia,
xan vardia, xan _ WinWari,
gulis nergi, sulis vazi.
gamomargvla, gamoToxna,
sardakias (sarevela) moSoreba,
morwyva da Tan gamoxSirva.
upatrono yanas xolme
sarevela moereva,
hoda, Senac upatrone,
moaSore uvargisi.
kolxeTis misteria
miT umetes, rom istoriuli mecnierebiT da
Ria wyaroebiT viciT, rom marTa da mariami
bia, romelic simboloebad, legendebad da miTebad upyria xelT maT lazares “sikvdilis” pe-
ebrael-iudevelebi
ka-
riodSi. es simboluri gasaRebi ki mxolod im
padokielia da elene dedofali berZeni. axali
erTaderTi kosmiuri karibWis gasaRebia, romel-
nino da axali elene warmodgenilni arian
ic saqarTvelos miwis kosmogoniur Sinaarss
viTarca
marTa.
itevs. da sadac ar unda iyos es gasaRebi _ re-
yvela isini istoriulad sxvadasxva qveynis
ligiebisa da kulturebis istoriebSi sim-
Svilebi arian, magram yvela maTgans pirdapiri
bolur marcvlebad gafantuli saxiT arsebobs
kavSiri da RvTiuri misia aqvs dakisrebuli
da igi mxolod im erTi klitis gasaRebia,
saqarTvelosTan, anu lazaresTan mimarTebaSi.
romelic cisa da miwis SemaerTebel karibWes
Tu kargad gavacnobierebT am yovelives da
bolo JamSi lazares aRdginebis periodis
adevs. am saidumlos gasaRebic da klitec da
yoveli “sibrZne-sicruis” arakic mxolod qar-
Taviseburebebsac
gaviTvaliswinebT, cxadi
Tuli cnobierebiT ixsneba. es ki imas niSnavs,
gaxdeba, rom lazares debis niSniT am ori
rom sxva erebisa da enebis civilizaciebsa da
qveynisa da eris mxridan, niSnad maTi saxare-
kulturebSi yovelive codna “kodirebuli” in-
biseuli da RvTiuri mniSvnelobebisa. “raRac”
formaciuli
lazares
iyvnen, wminda
debi
mariami
nino
da
wyaroebiT
aris
SemorCenili.
unda dabrundes da gacxaddes msoflio xalxe-
maTi WeSmariti Sinaarsi ki qarTuli enis
bis winaSe saqarTvelos mimarT, amis Sesaxeb ki
gasaRebiT ixsneba da iSifreba.
am gagebiT qarTuli cnobierebaa lazarec,
winaswarmetyveluri werilebi metyveleben. arsebobs
bolo
mniSvnelovani
JamSi
aRsrulebuli
ori
winaswarmetyveleba, romelic
swored or qveyanas da mis xalxs exeba. esenia:
1) bolo JamSi ebraeli eris didi nawilis
saqarTvelos
gabrwyinebis
niSnad
iveriis
marTac da mariamic, anu sadauricaa lazare,
karis RvTismSoblis xatis Tavis samSoblo mi-
iqaurebi arian misi debic. amgvarad, ninoc da
waze dabruneba. berZnebi da ebraelebi is
pirveli
erebi
iqnebian, romelnic
“raRac”
elenec, viTarca mariam da marTa, qarTuli cnobierebis
ZiriTadi
warmomavlebi
arian
da
maTi gamaqristeanebeli misiac saqarTvelosTan
sruldeba Tavis droze maTTvis mibarebuli
niSniT pirvelebi mivlen saqarTvelosTan, rogorc “lazares saflavTan”, maSin, roca misi
“RvTis sityvis” Tavis WeSmarit samSobloSi
gacocxlebis Jami dadgeba.
uri Sinaarsidan momdinareobs.
qristeanul sarwmunoebaze moqceva, riTac aR-
simboluri dabruneba;
2) saberZneTis aTonis mTidan bolo JamSi
mimarTebaSi swored saqarTvelos kosmogoni-
maSasadame, berZnebis mier kolxeTidan gat-
eka jafoSvili
acebuli “oqros sawmisi” is simboluri gasaRe-
(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)
6
4 maisi
2010
ilori
vaiqarTvelebis mier CaSlili qarTul-afxazuri gegmebi
“ssi”-is SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen
sazogadoebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi murad anjafariZe, alu
gamaxaria, guram odiSaria, lorik
marSania, zurab erqvania da arCil
WiTava, romlis sabWoSi orive mxridan
arCeuli iyo 75 adamiani. zemodaRniSnuli gegma gulisxmobda sabaJo
terminalis mSeneblobas ruseTsaqarTvelos sazRvarze (mdinare
fsousTan), rkinigzis xazis da avtomagistralis aRdgenas afxazeTis
monakveTze,
navTobmagistralis
mSeneblobas afxazeTis gavliT (ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT novorosiiski-tuafse-sufsa, romelic Semdeg CairTveboda baqo-jeihanis xazSi), Tavisufali
ekonomikuri zonebis Seqmna gagrasa da
galis raionSi, afxazeTidan devnili
qarTuli mosaxleobis dabruneba TavianT sacxovrebel adgilebSi. amasTan
dakavSirebiT kavSirma gamosca specialuri sainformacio biuleteni,
romelic ixsneboda saqarTvelos
prezidentis mixeil saakaSvilis (rogorc Semdeg gairkva _ litoni)
sityvebiT: “dRes Cven, mTeli msoflios
dasanaxad, megobrulad vuwvdiT xels
Cven afxaz da os Zmebs. Cven ar gvsurs
omi, Cven gvinda mSvidoba...”
Sedga ramdenime Sexvedra. maT Soris
erT-erTi erToblivi samuSao seminari
gaimarTa 2005 wlis seqtemberSi qalaq
moskovSi, romelSic afxazuri mxridan
monawileobdnen afxazeTis saxalxo
krebis wevrebi ilia gamisonia da
beslan buTba, afxazeTis Semosavlebis
ministri vaxtang fifia, arasamTavrobo
organizaciis xelmZRvaneli iulia
gumba da warmomadgeneli lolitazade, biznesmeni beslan kvarWia,
agraruli biznesis warmomadgeneli
giorgi basaria, turistuli biznesis
warmomadgeneli liudmila lolua
da afxazeTis mewarmeTa kavSiris
Tavmjdomare leonid osia.
aq, davaswrebT movlenebs da vityviT,
rom dRes, roca sabolood gairkva yvelaferi da dadginda, rom saqarTvelos
teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena
aSkarad ar Sedis TviT saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis interesebSi, SeiZleba
gulubryvilodac ki mogeCvenoT
qarTvelebisa da afxazeTis xalxebis
urTierTdaaxloebis abaSiZiseuli gegma, magram faqtia, rom erTa Soris konfliqtis mogvarebis procesebis damaCqareblad saxalxo di plomatiaze efeqturi meTodi ar arsebobs. faqtia
isic, rom maSin am procesebis ganviTarebas aqtiurad uwyobda xels
ruseTis xelisuflebac.
“samoqalaqo samSvidobo iniciativis” jgufma SeimuSava rigi sakiTxebisa da warudgina saqarTvelosa
da afxazeTis de-faqto xelisuflebas,
romlis gadaWra ganapirobebda konfliqtis monawile mxareTa Soris
saqmiani ekonomikuri urTierTobebis
ganmtkicebas da xalxebis Semdgom
daaxloebas. ai, is sakiTxebi:
1. tranzituli tvirTebis moZraoba
xelsayrelia yvelasaTvis! rogor
uyurebT Tqven imas, rom mokle vadebSi aRdges tvirTebis moZraoba ruseTi-
dan dasavleT saqarTveloSi (an
evropaSi) da piriqiT, TurqeTidan
(evropidan) afxazeTSi (an ruseTSi)?
2. mzad arian Tu ara mxareebi (am
sityvaSi igulisxmeba ekonomikuri
saqmianobis da ara politikur urTierTobaTa ganmsazRvreli mxareebi _ avtorebi) aseTi urTierT TanamSromlobisaTvis, raTa Seiqmnas erToblivi
moZravi sabaJo sabrokero kompania
(ssk), romelic biznesmenebTan erTad
daaregulirebs sabaJosTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxs. fiskaluri sakiTxebi aisaxeba SeTanxmebaSi (albaT,
sammxrivi), romelic gaformdeba mxareTa sabaJo samsaxurebis mier.
3. mzad arian Tu ara mxareTa
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, rom
gascen licenzia erT an ramdenime erTobliv satransporto-saeqspedicio
kompaniebs, Tu isini registracias
gaivlian saqarTveloSi, afxazeTSi an
ruseTSi. am kompaniebis amocana iqneba regionSi Semosuli tvirTebis miRebis, Senaxvisa da adgilze mitanis organizacia.
4. rogor warmogidgeniaT engurze
tvirTebis moZraobis droebiTi wesebi
da procedurebi?
5. rogoria yovlad usargeblo sanqciebis moxsnis perspeqtivebi (SevardnaZis xelisuflebis mier afxazeTze dawesebuli embargo), da rogor
SeiZleba daregulirdes saqarTvelodan afxazeTSi, an piriqiT, mgzavrebisa
da tvirTebis moZraobis sakiTxi? es Seexeba sarkinigzo, saavtomobilo, sazRvao da sahaero transports.
6. SeiZleba Tu ara, neba daerToT
biznesmenebs, raTa Semoitanon saqoneli
afxazeTidan iq moqmedi sasaqonlo
zeddebulebiTa da angariSfaqturebiT,
da piriqiT, igive wesiT saqonlis
saqarTvelodan afxazeTSi gatana?
7. yovelive zemodaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesZlebs Tu ara afxazeTis xelisufleba konfliqtis zonis gadakveTisas qarTul mosaxleobisaTvis calmxrivad dawesebuli fuladi mosakreblis gauqmebas?
SeniSvna _ cxovrebam dagvarwmuna,
rom yovelgvari SezRudva da mkacri
zomebi autanel pirobebs uqmnis rigiT moqalaqeebs, romlebic Sors dganan
yovelgvari politikisagan. maSin, am
zomebis legitimuroba xom uazroba
gaxlavT?
samwuxaroa, magram faqtia, rom aseTi
yovlismomcveli dokumenti ar Seqmnila TviT saxelisuflebo donezec ki.
operatiulad gamoica ramdenime sainformacio biuleteni, sadac naTlad
aisaxa kavSiris miznebi da amocanebi, is
taqtikuri da strategiuli amocanebi,
rac
sakonfliqto
situaciebis
lokalizebas moaxdenda da Seqmnida
misi sabolood aRmofxvris politikur da ekonomikur garemos.
amave wels saqarTvelos prezidents mixeil saakaSvils werili miswera sergo abaSiZem:
“batono prezidento!
uzomod Sewuxebulebi varT ra im
garemoebebiT, rom jer kidev ar SeiniSneba saqarTvelo-afxazeTis urTier-
baraTi
cnobili Jurnalistis, afxazeTis
mkvidris, qalbaton svetlana kvikvinias
es werili gazeT “kviris palitris”
saaxalwlo nomerSi daibeWda, magram
mas imxela gulistkivili, sevda da
monatreba gahyveba refrenad, rom gadavwyviteT misi kidev erTxel gamoqveyneba.
Cemo saficaro qalaqo!
mapatie, Tu es werili saaxalwlo
ganwyobilebas ver Segiqmnis. meore
aTeuli welia, rac afxazeTidan devnili qarTvelebisTvis yoveli axali
weli am sinamdvilesTan axlos modis
da kidev, engurgaRma imedis ZafiT
aburduli mwvane naZvis xeebiTac, Sin
dabrunebis natvra rom hkidia girlandebad. rogor xar, rasa iqm? iqneb sulac
dagviviwye da aRar gaxsovarT? me ki
yvelgan dageZeb. geZeb im adamianebSi,
visTanac erTad warsulSi darCi. imaTSic, omis Semdeg SenTan Camosvla da
monaxuleba rom moaxerxes. aqamde omis
feri edo, axla ki Zvel saxes ibrunebs,
mSvendebao, miTxres. ara, namdvilad ar
mwyins, uCvenod rom lamazdebi, oRond
esaa safiqrali: vis sapatarZlod grTaven? nefe vin iqneba?
am
werilSi
27
seqtembris
cecxlmokidebul cas aRar gavixseneb.
arc imas, gulrifSTan momdgari ukrain-
TobaTa mowesrigebis winapirobebi, rac
ayovnebs afxazeTidan devnili qarTuli mosaxleobis mSobliur sacxovrebel adgilebSi dabrunebisa da am
or xalxebs Soris ekonomikuri saqmianurTierTobaTa ganviTarebis procesebs, kidev erTxel viRebT zomebs am
sakiTxTa
mkvdari
wertilidan
dasaZravad.
pirvelive
Cveni
Sexvedrisas, raoden gasakviric ar
unda iyos, Cven afxazebTan SeTanxmebas
mivaRwieT mraval sakiTxSi, romelic
diskusiisas wamoiWra. mTavari iyo
imis xazgasma, rom Cvens Soris momxdari samxedro konfliqtis daviwyeba
SeuZlebelia didi ormxrivi msxverplis gamo, magram Cven unda gadavlaxoT winaaRmdegobebi da keTili
zraxvebiT SevegeboT erTmaneTs. aseve
SevTanxmdiT imaSic, rom sakiTxis mSvidobiani gziT mogvarebas alternativa ar gaaCnia. da meorec: ar SeiZleba
politikis ageba fundamentis gareSe,
politikis fundamenti ki ekonomika
gaxlavT. TiToeuli CvenTaganis valia
ganvumartoT TiToeul qarTvels, afxazs, russ da somexs, rom afxazeTi
Cveni samSobloa da ar unda velodoT
imas, rom mTel Taobas samSobloSi
dabrunebis natvriT amoxdes suli da
sawadels ver ewios. es SeuZlebelia.
afxazurma mxarem ganacxada, rom devnilebi unda daubrundnen TavianT
sacxovrebel adgilebs da Cven iseve
unda TanavicxovroT, rogorc adre
vcxovrobdiT. es sityvebi imis imeds
gvinergavs, rom saqme arc ise cudaa, rogorc zogierTebi warmosaxaven. amitom, aucilebelia SevxvdeT adamianebs
da ganvumartoT maT, rom unda viyoT
iseve erTad, rogorc adre viyaviT.
amisaTvis ki sruliadac ar aris
saWiro axali omi da ganuzomeli
msxverpli. mxareebi SeTanxmdnen
Semdegze: unda mieces rekomendacia
afxazeTisa da saqarTvelos xelisuflebebs, rom inteligenciisa da saqmiani wreebis warmomadgenlebisagan Seqmnan erToblivi samuSao jgufi. am
jgufebs unda mieceT molaparakebaTa
warmoebis ufleba, raTa, rac SeiZleba
mokle vadebSi gadaidgas konkretuli
nabijebi
ormxrivi
ekonomikuri
kavSirebis gansamtkiceblad. es ki devnilebs misces saSualebas dabrundnen ara mxolod galis raionSi, aramed
mTeli afxazeTis teritoriaze.
afxazeTis saqmiani wreebis pirveli
Sexvedris organizatori s.a.abaSiZe”.
amave periodSi saintereso masalebi
gamoaqveyna ruseTis erT-erTma periodulma gamocemam “saWiro gazeTi”,
romelic redaqcias videokasetiT miawoda specialurma korespondentma
aleqsei vaSCenkom. ai, zogierTi amonaridi miTiTebuli werilidan:“roca
politikaSi modis biznesi”:
aleqsei vaSCenko _ es kaseta moskovis qarTul mosaxleobaSi gaavrcela
qarxana “soxumxelsawyos” yofilma
direqtorma aleqsi miqaZem. 10 noembers
igi me gadmomces saqarTvelodan devnilebma, romlebic gawbilebulebi arian SevardnaZis politikiT da Tvlian,
rom saWiroa afxazebis mTavrobasTan
pirdapiri
dialogi.
Sexvedra
restoran “petre didSi” Sedga da mas
afxazeTis mxridan eswreboda 11 biznesmeni. eseni afxazeTSi cnobili
adamianebi arian: levan arZinba, vitali
leiba, nugzar ZiafSi pa (warsulSi
uSiSroebis samsaxuris maRalCinosani)
da sxvebi. saqarTvelos mxares warmoadgendnen aWaris ministrTa sabWos
Tavmjdomaris yofili moadgile sergo abaSiZe da saelCos mrCeveli
ekonomikur sakiTxebSi nugzar fifia.
amitom, imis mtkiceba, rom am Sexvedraze
ganixileboda mxolod ekonomikuri
kavSirebi, uadgilo iqneba. ai Sexvedris
monawileTa mosazrebebi:
levan arZinba: Cven unda movilaparakoT imis Taobaze, rom vicxovroT
mSvidobianad da gamovricxoT omi. es
sakiTxi erToblivad unda gadavwyvitoT. dRes bevri qarTvelia dabrunebuli galSi, magram sxvebic unda
daubrundnen mSobliur kerebs gagraSi,
soxumSi, oCamCireSi... erTmaneTSi mxolod qarTvelebma da afxazebma unda
moilaparakon, yovelgvari Suamavlis
gareSe, erTad unda avaSenoT afxazeTi... me darwmunebuli var, rom Tu
Cven ver movilaparakebT, amas Cveni
Svilebi SesZleben...
vitali leiba: qarTvelebisa da
afxazebis erTad yofnas araferma
unda SeuSalos xeli. magram, axla amis
uceb mogvareba Zneli saqmea. me ar
maqvs afxazi eris saxeliT saubris rwmuneba, magram, vfiqrob, rom Cemi es
sityvebi mravali afxazis gulisTqmaa.
sergo abaSiZe: es pirveli nabijia,
romlis gadadgmis saSualeba Cven
ukanaskneli 9 wlis ganmavlobaSi ar
mogvcemia. Cven da Cveni afxazi Zmebi
adrec vxvdebodiT erTmaneTs, magram
ase axlos arasodes vyofilvarT
mizanTan. yoveli Sexvedrisas me SekiTxvas misvamen afxazeTis statusis
Taobaze razedac me vpasuxob, rom ar
warmovadgen politikur wreebs da verafers vityvi. me SemiZlia mxolod
davakonkreto im danakargebi, rac am
konfliqtma mogvitana da ganvsazRvro
isic, Tu ras davkargavT konfliqturi
situaciis gaWianurebis SemTxvevaSi...
magram, ar gaxldaT biznesmenTa xma
imdenad Zlieri, rom mas SesZleboda
mSvidobiani molaparakebebisadmi misasalmebeli Zaxilis gadafarva, da
rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebas maSin
metad aqtiuri mxardaWera gamoecxadebina progresuli ideebiT gamsWvaluli biznesmenebisaTvis, SeiZleba procesebi sul sxvagvarad ganviTarebuliyo. magram, qarTvel da
afxaz biznesmenTa aSkarad misasalmebeli iniciativa “darCa xmad, udabnosa
Sigan mRaRadeblisad...”
daviT qobalia,
sapatio doqtori,
“fazisis” akademiis namdvili
wevri
roland jalaRania,
sapatio doqtori,
“fazisis” akademiis namdvili
wevri
soxums
uli xomaldis gembanidan rom gemSvidobebodi, maSindeli fiqrebiT, mokle
xniT. vai, ra gulubryviloni vyofilvarT?!
dRes imas giambob, rogor varT uSenod, mogiyvebi Cvens uRalato siyvarulze. Senebr mzisdari qalaqi veRarsad vpoveT, radgan Sen erTaderTxel
iSvi Cvens gulebSi! Sengan Sors myofni
usasrulo srbolaSi varT, magram mainc
ar Cans gza, Senamde rom mogviyvans.
gvenatreba Seni mtredisferi aisebi
da diadi, zRvispiruli daisebi. Seni
lurji, tropikuli Tavsxma wvimebi,
mTeli kvira rom grZeldeboda da
mainc quCaSi saxetialod gangawyobda.
qolgebqveS SeyuJulni TiTqos metad SevigrZnobdiT miwas da Tavze napkureb
zeciuri wylis sirbiles.
mraval enaze axmaurebuli Seni
zRvis sanapiro gvenatreba, Cveni sulis
nawili da oazisi, erTnairad rom uyvarda qarTvelsa da afxazs, berZensa da
ukrainels, Wrela-Wrula kabebiT moseirne boSebic CvenTan arian devnilebad, CvenTan erTad xvdebian uafxazeTod meCvidmete axal wels. oRond
iseTi laRi veRar arian, ana rom ityoda: “mxiaruli, fexSiSvela boSa qali
stveniT midis portis sanapiroze”...
imeds ki isev uxvad arigeben da xurgagrZeleba 8-gv-ze
ilori
4 maisi
7
2010
generali mazniaSvili qarTuli jaris Sesaxeb
amave xans ekuTvnis StatiT gaTvaliswinebuli calke eskadronis Sedgenac. lanCxuTSi gamocxadda CemTan
oficerTa da jariskacTa jgufiT korneti s. fxakaZe da momaxsena, rom is
gamogzavnilia Cems gankargulebaSi
Cems diviziaSi calke eskadornis
Sesadgenad.
eskadronis Sedgena damTavrda ramdenime dReSi. radgan amisaTvis sakmaod
iyo rogorc iaraRi, ise jariskacebi, eskadroni mzad iyo, magram cxenebis uyolobis gamo is ufro qveiT jars waagavda, vidre kavalerias.
tfiliss ar hqonda saSualeba,
gamoegzavna CemTvis cxenebi, magram am
dros miviRe depeSa q. foTis garnizonis ufrosis _ polkovnik s. CxeiZisagan, rom navTsadgurSi odesidan
movida gemi razmiT 80 kacamde, 100 cxeniT da samxedro sabargo qaravaniT,
500 TofiT da sanovagiT 4.000 fuTamde.
garnizonis ufrosis SekiTxvaze _
risTvis movidnen an sad midian _ maTma ufrosma ganacxada, rom isini movidnen samxreT dasavleTis frontidan
revoluciis dasaxmareblad. garkveuli
mizani maT ar hqondaT da gemma
SemTxveviT moiyvana isini foTSi.
ufrosebad maT ar hyavdaT arc oficeri da arc samxedro moxele.
amasTan erTad, CxeiZe mwerda, rom
TiTqmis naxevars Seadgenen adgilobrivi mcxovrebni, qarTvelebi da somxebi, romlebic ukve wavid-wamovidnen TavianT saxlebSi.
CxeiZes gavugzavne brZaneba, mTeli
maTi qoneba da, agreTve, danarCeni
jariskacebi moeTavsebina matarebelSi
da gamoegzavna Cems StabSi.
meore dRes sadgur lanCxuTSi movida zemoaRniSnuli eSeloni.
mosul jariskacebs avuxseni, rom
Cven, qarTvelebi, ganvagrZobT oms osmaleTTan da, Tu isini marTla dasaxmareblad movidnen, maSin maT dauyovnebliv gavgzavni poziciebze da
Cavricxav jaris nawilebSi.
Cemi winadadeba ar esiamovnaT,
miTxres, Cven omisaTvis ar movsulvarT,
revoluciis gaRrmavebis dasaxmareblad movediTo.
maSin miveci winadadeba, wasuliyvnen
tfilisSi, sadac maT am mizniT
gamoiyenebdnen.
amasTan erTad, mivmarTe tfiliss da
vTxove samxedro ministrs, maT mier
Camotanili qoneba daetovebinaT
CemTvis axali diviziis saWiroebisaTvis.
nebarTva rom miviRe, mosuli
jariskacebi gavgzavne tfilisSi, xolo
qoneba gavanawile samxedro nawilebsa da dawesebulebaTa Soris, amasTan,
Tofebi, romlebic SekeTebas saWiroebda, gavgzavne tfilisSi.
amgvarad, s. fxakaZis qveiTma eskadronma miiRo 84 cxeni.
dasasrul, am xnis dasaxasiaTeblad,
minda aRvniSno ori faqti.
Cemi
diviziis
Stabi
saqmis
gasaadvileblad gadatanil iqna
sofel lanCxuTSi, me ki davrCi ronodebSi, radgan xSiri mgzavroba mixde-
boda natanebsa da samtrediaSi.
samtrediaSi erT-erTi mgzavrobis
dros lanCxuTSi samwuxaro ambavi
moxda.
sadguris sadgomSi samsaxuris movaleobis Sesrulebis dros, Cemi diviziis Stabis ufrosi, generaluri
Stabis polkovniki kostili mxecurad
mohkla artileriis praporSCikma
wereTelma.
diviziam dahkarga mamaci da kargi
muSaki, romelmac mTeli Tavisi energia
da codna saqarTvelos interesebs
Sealia.
saukuno xseneba iyos Seni, gulado
da patiosano meomaro!
mkvleli wereTeli daatusaRes da
gadasces savele samxedro sasamarTlos.
ra bedi ewia, ar vici, xolo SemdegSi
gavige, rom cixidan male gaaTavisufles.
moklul kostilis magivrad Cemi diviziis Stabis ufrosad korpusis
Stabidan gamogzavnes podpolkovniki
giorgi aleqsandres Ze Tuxareli,
romelmac daasrula generaluri
Stabis moCqarebuli kursebi. metismetad energiuli adamiani, mSvenivrad
momzadebuli, rogorc sazogadod
samxedro, ise Stabis samsaxurisaTvis.
SemdegSi Tuxarelma daamtkica, rom
mSvenieri administratoric iyo.
ivnisis Sua ricxvebamde viyavi
lanCxuTSi.
osmaleTis
jarebis
ufrosebma Sematyobines, rom maT
ganzraxva aqvT, dascalon ozurgeTi da,
marTlac, dascales Sua ivnisSi.
qalaqis Casabareblad gavemgzavre
ozurgeTSi osmaleTis jarebis StabSi, Tarjiman german gogitiZesTan erTad.
osmaloeli jarebis ufrosma da me
gadavwyviteT, rom gaugebrobis Tavidan
asacileblad, qalaqSi Seva Cveni jarebi mxolod maSin, rodesac osmalebis
jaris kolonis bolo gava qalaqidan.
qalaqSi rom SevediT Cveni jarebiT,
Cvenive TvaliT davinaxeT, rogor
daTareSobdnen osmalebi ozurgeTSi.
TiTqmis yvela saxlSi Camoxsnili
iyo karebisa da fanjrebis CarCoebi,
mcxovreblebis saojaxo nivTebi da
qoneba windawinve gaetanaT qalaqidan.
eleqtronis sadgurSi, romelic ekuTvnoda Cems Tarjimans german gogitiZes,
manqanebidan moexsnaT da waeRoT baTumSi eleqtromotorebi. qalaqSi TandaTanobiT brundebodnen gaqceulebi.
1919 wlis 3 Tebervals mimiwvies
samxedro ministris giorgaZis kabinetSi, iq iyvnen ministris amxanagi a.
gedevaniSvili, saxalxo gvardiis
Stabis ufrosi v. juReli da amave
Stabis wevri a. dgebuaZe. ministrma
amixsna, rom axalcixisa da axalqalaqis general-gubernatoris gen.
mayaSvilis saqme kargad ver aris, rom
pirvel Tebervals sofel aralisTan,
udesTan da vaxnarTan dabanakebul
jarebs daecnen ajanyebuli adgilobrivi mcxovrebni da Cveni jarebi
iZulebulni gaxdnen, ukan daexiaT, rom
yarsSi daarsda muslimanebis calke
respublika, romelsac saTaveSi udgas
axalcixis mcxovrebi serverbeg aTabagi, romelic scdilobs gandevnos
Cveni administracia da jarebi axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebidan, rom
mTavroba ukmayofiloa general
mayaSvilis moqmedebiT da ganzraxva
aqvs Tanamdebobidan gadaayenos da mis
adgilze me damniSnos.
gavecani ra ufro safuZvlianad
saqmis viTarebas, iqve ganvucxade samxedro ministrs, rom axalcixis generalgubernatorobas vikisreb mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu Cems gankargulebaSi
iqneba 5 aTasi jariskaci, da radgan general mayaSvilis damarcxebuli jarebi am saqmeSi veRar ivargeben, es jarebi unda wamoiyvanon axalcixidan,
daasvenon, Seavson axali jariskacebiT,
Sescvalon nawilobriv ufrosTa Semadgenloba
da
mxolod
maSin
gamoiyenon isini rogorc samxedro
Zala.
saxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis
ufrosma val. juRelma miTxra, rom mis
gankargulebaSi imyofeba amJamad sof.
xaSurSi gvardiis 15.000 kacisagan
Semdgari jari, romelic gadmova Cems
gankargulebaSi, rogorc ki Tanxmobas
ganvacxadeb.
me ganvacxade Cemi Tanxmoba da
imave Rames daniSnul viqeni axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebis generalgubernatorad da iq dabanakebuli
jarebis ufrosad.
4 aprils gavemgzavre me-2 diviziis
nawiliT da imave diviziis cxenosani
eskadroniT.
imave dRes saRamoze mivedi axalcixeSi.
generali mayaSvili iyo Zveli,
gamocdili
sardali, romelsac
dasavleTis frontze uwodes metsaxelad `Txrilebis generali~.
general mayaSvilis azriT, ajanyeba
vrceldeba mazrebSi ara imitom, rom
serverbegi da misi damqaSni osmaleTis
emisrebi arian da axorcieleben osmaleTis politikas, aramed imitom,
rom mTavrobis dabalma administraciulma aparatma, jer erTi, Tavis
moumzadeblobiT da, meore, Tavisi
tlanqi da mouridebeli qceviT da
adgilobrivi adaTebisa da Cveulebebis
SelaxviT ise gaaborota mTeli mcxovrebni, rom isini mzad arian, miekedlon yvelas, vinc ki daifaravs maT am
`mxecebisagan~, rogorc uwodebdnen
adgilobrivi mcxovrebni mTavrobis
komisrebs, da rom serverbegi amiT
sargeblobs Tavisi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.
jaris nawilebis mdgomareoba damixata ufro cudi feradebiT: mis gankargulebaSi namdvilad iyo mxolod ori
legioni, erTi axalcixis raionSi dabanakebuli polkovnik gelovanis
ufrosobiT da erTic, axalqalaqis
raionSi polk. yanCavelis ufrosobiT.
danarCeni samxedro nawilebi sxvadasxva
saxelwodebiT,
mag.
`gansakuTrebuli razmi Jordaniasi~,
`kereseliZis~, `fxakaZis~ da sxva.
arafers warmoadgendnen, yvela es
razmebi qaRaldze iricxebodnen asobiT, iRebdnen suraTs, tansacmels da
saWmels ara jariskacebis arsebuli
ricxvis mixedviT, aramed Tanaxmad
Sedgenili siebisa. sagulisxmo isaa,
rom miuxedavad imisa, rom mayaSvili da
sxva ufrosebi moiTxovdnen mTavrobisagan, Tavidan moeSorebina maTTvis
amgvari jaris nawilebi, maT xeli aravin ar axlo, mxolod SemdegSi daJinebiTi moTxovnis Semdeg es razmebi
daSales samudamod.
5 Tebervals, saRamoze, gen. mayaSvili
gamoemgzavra tfilisisaken.
ajanyebulTa zraxvebis Sesaxeb
cnobebi Zalian cota mqonda.
cxadi iyo mxolod, rom maT hsurdaT
Tavis moqmedebis wre gaefarTovebinaT
awyuris mimarTulebiT, amisaTvis isini miiwevdnen da ikavebdnen soflebs,
romlebic mdebareobda axalcixidan
CrdiloeT-aRmosavleTiT mTis qedebze,
abasTumnidan dawyebuli awyuramde.
5 Tebervals axalcixeSi myof jaris
nawilebs vubrZane, daekavebinaT sofeli nikorwminda-Cixevi da amgvarad
SeeCerebinaT mtris winsvla.
gelovanis me-4 legions vubrZane
darCeniliyo sofel aralSi, udeSi da
valeSi.
mouTmenlad velodi jer kidev
tfilisSi mTavrobis mier dapirebul
5.000 jariskacisagan Semdgari razmis
mosvlas, im angariSiT, rom es razmi im
Rames movida, marjvena frTas vubrZane
waewia win da daeWira soflebi Cixevi da CurCuto. saRamoze miviRe cnoba, rom Cemi brZaneba sisruleSi iqna
moyvanili. magram imave saRamos
gamoirkva, rom marjvena frTas sofel
CurCutos magivraT SecdomiT daeWira
erTi patara sofeli xeobaSi.
6 Tebervals, diliT, dapirebuli
razmi jer kidev ara sCanda. frontis
gasasworeblad sanapiroebis aTaseuls
vubrZane, wasuliyo 1-li batareiT
abasTumnis gzatkeciliT da rogorme
daekavebina sofeli varxani.
am soflis dakavebiT mters win wawevis saSualeba espoboda da amasTan
erTad, brZolis raionis fronti erTi
samad mokldeboda.
radganac saTadarigo jarebi ar
myavda, frontis SemoklebiTa da misi
gamagrebiT vfiqrobdi, momego dro,
sanam mteri mogvadgeboda.
7 Tebervals miviRe depeSa me-2 diviziidan, romlis ufrosad me viricxebodi.
mwerda 1-l legionis ufrosi, rom
Cems gankargulebaSi gamoigzavna erTi
aTaseuli, xolo danarCenebs gamogzavnian, rodesac moamzadebeno.
amave dRes samxedro ministris amxanagma a. gedevaniSvilma damiZaxa pirdapiri mavTuliT mosalaparakeblad, es
laparaki Semdegi Sinaarsisaa:
gen. gedevaniSvili _ generali gedevaniSvili gelaparakebiT samxedro
ministris saxeliT. saqme SemdegSia:
soxumidan miviReT depeSa, rom soWis
mimarTulebiT Cveni saqme cudaTaa.
denikinis jarebi Tavs daesxa soWSi
Cvens garnizons. iaraRi ahyara da
tyved waiyvana igi, general koniaSvilTan erTad, Semdeg win wamoiwies,
gagra daikaves da soxumis aRebas
apireben, Tqven rom jarebs dagpirdiT,
amJamad es jarebi imyofebian xaSurSi.
Cven ara gvyavs saTadarigo jaris nawilebi soxumSi gasagzavnad. samxedro
ministrs surs, gaigos Tqveni azri xaSurSi myofi jaris nawilebis gagzavnis Sesaxeb.
gen. mazniaSvili _ moaxseneT samxedro ministrs Semdegi: denikinis
jarebma soxumi Tu daiWires, samudamod
davkargavT afxazeTs, xolo Tu Cven
ver gavuZeliT mters, ukan daxeva
mogvixda da axalcixe droebiT mivatoveT, ramdenime dRis Semdeg me-2 diviziis nawilebis mosvlis Semdeg, axalcixes aramc Tu davibrunebT, serverbeg aTabegs da mis urdoebs axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebidan sruliad gavdevniT.
gen. gedevaniSvili _ maS, SeiZleba
jarebi soxumSi gavgzavnoT?
gen. mazniaSvili _ diax, SeiZleba, im
pirobiT ki, rom ar daiviwyoT da saCqaroT gamogzavneT me-2 diviziis nawilebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia, axalcixis droebiT mitoveba mogvixdes.
gen. gedevaniSvili _ (ramdenime
wuTis Semdeg) samxedro ministrma
moiwona Tqveni azri, xaSuridan soxumSi jarebi dResve gaigzavneba. amasTan, vecdebiT, Zalian mokle xanSi mogaSveloT Tqveni divizia mTlad.
amiT gaTavda laparaki. 7 da 8
Tebervali gavida mzadebaSi momavali
operaciebisaTvis.
CemTvis cxadi iyo, rom damxmare
jarebis mosvlamde ver SevZlebdiT
mazraSi dRiTi-dRe gazrdili ajanyebis SeCerebas.
Cemi cda is iyo mxolod, rom momego
dro. am mizniT gavmarTe molaparakeba adgilobriv mcxovreblebTan da,
agreTve, inglisis warmomadgenlebTan,
romlebic movidnen axalcixeSi 6
Tebervals erTi aseuliT.
saRamoze polkovnikma gelovanma
mTxova nebarTva, mosuliyo StabSi
saqmis mosaxseneblad da zogierTi sakiTxis gamosarkvevad.
gelovanTan
laparakis
dros
gamoirkva, rom ajanyebulebi Sejgufdnen osmaleTis teritoriaze
sofel badelas midamoebSi da
cdiloben Tavisi gavlena gaavrcelon
focxvris raionze. amasTan gamoirkva,
rom am raionSi, Tavis sofelSi gamagrebulia da ajanyebulT winaaRmdegobas uwevs adgilobrivi mcxovrebi
baxSibeg maCabeli, romelsac didi
gavlena aqvs focxovris raionis mcxovreblebze da CvenTvis keTiladaa ganwyobili.
Mmasalebi moiZia Temur
qoriZem,
(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)
8
4 maisi
2010
ilori
aRiareba aucileblad mova...
warmogidgenT
qarTveli
mamuliSvilisa da Tavisi kuTxis
Rirseuli Svilis baton murTaz janjRavas wigns “megruli enis fenomeni”.
wignis redaqtoria filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati, pedagogikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, saqarTvelos
ganaTlebis mecnierebaTa, afxazeTis
mecnierebaTa da fazisis akademiebis
akademikosi, giorgi leoniZis premiis
laureati jemal jinjixaZe. avtori
did madlobas uZRvnis wignis gamocemaSi gaweuli garkveuli finansuri
daxmarebisaTvis saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrs, akademikos fridon Toduas.
gazeT “iloris” mkiTxvelebs vTavazobT amonaridebs aRniSnuli wignidan.
ciuri mnaTobebi kolxTa rwmenaSi
aietis
droindeli
kolxuri
metyvelebis memkvidreoba megrullazuri metyvelebaa. kolxuri ena
uZvelesi droidan warmoadgenda kolxeTis saxelmwifo enas. herodote werda: “kolxebs odesRac damwerloba hqoniaT”. did qarTvel mecnierebs mixako
wereTels, akaki uruSaZes, rismag
gordezians, TinaTin yauxCiSvils da
bevr sxvas Tu verwmunebiT kolxurpelazgurad metyvelebdnen zevsi, promeTe, hera, dionise, hekate da a.S.
“oqros sawmisis” Sesaxeb Tqmuleba
Tavdapirveli saxiT SeuqmniaT ara
berZnebs, aramed berZnebamdel tomebs
pelazgebs (kolxTa modgmas) Zveli
welTaRricxvis mecamete-meTormete
saukuneebSi. Semdeg pelazgTa Tqmuleba gadasula elinelTa zepirsityvierebaSi, iqidan berZnul antikur
(miTologiaSi) mwerlobaSi. apolon
rodoselis zepirsityvierebaze da
werilobiT wyaroebze dayrdnobiT
leqsad Seuqmnia mravalmxriv sayuradRebo nawarmoebi “Tqmuleba argonavtebze”.
mecnierebaSi dadgenilia, rom enobrivi ojaxebi ukve neoliTis xanaSi
iyo Camoyalibebuli. megruli enis
leqsika metyvelebs imaze, rom is warRvnamdeli enaa. uZvelesi xalxis
svanebis mexsierebaSi dRemde fiqsirdeba, rom warRvnis dros bevri megreli damxrCvala. megruli ena gamorCeulad aris saocari fenomeni. am enis
ganviTarebas udidesi Rvawli dasdes
swavlulma kolxma qurumebma. maTi saxelebi Cven ar SemogvrCa. saerTod Zvel
civilizaciebSi qurumebi iyvnen is
pirovnebebi, romlebmac civilizaciis
ganviTarebis adrindel safexurze
adamianTa
sulier-kulturuli,
moralur-zneobrivi moTxovnilebis
Sesabamisad SemoiRes sxvadasxva periodebSi sxvadasxva rwmenebi. maT Seqmnes sxvadasxva funqciaTa matarebeli RmerTebi, romlebsac saxelebi
TviTon daarqves, isini sazogadoebaSi
amkvidrebdnen zneobriv Rirebulebebs.
sanam adamianebi RmerTebs Seqmnidnen,
xalxebSi iyo mzis da ciuri mnaTobebisadmi Tayvaniscema. mzis kultis
Tayvaniscemis sarwmunoebas sabizma
ewodeba. uZveles periodSi Zvel aRmosavleTSi Cndeba observatoriebi
da qurum-misnebi ciur sxeulebze
awarmoebdnen dakvirvebebs, maT miiRes
astronomiuli da astrologiuri codna, isini daeuflnen filosofias,
loRikas, maTematikas, geometrias,
musikas da a.S. cekvis ritualebi da
mzis sagaloblebi maTi Seqmnili iyo.
Zveli civilizaciebis Sumeris, egviptis da babilonis epoqaSi kolxi qurumebi qmnidnen am civilizaciis
gverdSi kolxur civilizacias. kolxuri da egvi pturi sityvebis msgavseba
Cven bevr rameze gvafiqrebinebs. Cven
yuradRebas megrul leqsikaSi uamravi
momenti i pyrobs. sabizmas amsaxveli
zepirsityvierebiT Cvenamde moRweuli
calkeuli sityvebidan Tu leqsebidan
aviRoT kviris dReTa saxelebi: TuTaSxa, TaxaSxa, jumaSxa, caaSxa, obiSxa,
sabatuni da JaSxa. j. kakulias wignSi
“saqarTvelos istoriis axali aRqmisaTvis”, avtori aRniSnavs, rom TuTaSxa mTvaris Sobas, JaSxa mzis Sobas
da a.S. niSnavs. Cven migvaCnia, rom
vinaidan Zvel megrulSi Sxa aris dRe,
TuTaSxa mTvaris dRea, JaSxa mzis dRea.
s. makalaTias wignSi “samegrelos istoria da eTnografia” aRniSnuli
aqvs dReTa saxelebis Sesaxeb: Taxa
adgilis deda, miwis RvTaeba, xolo
juma mwyemsTa mfarveli RvTaeba.
sinaTlis RvTaeba megrulSi aris ceSi,
romlis saxelwodebasac atarebs uZvelesi sofeli, jer kidev tacitusis
mier meore saukuneSi moxseniebuli
caiSi. namdvili saxelwodeba am
soflisa aris ceSi, dRis saxelwodeba caSxa ukavSirdeba bibliur samyaros gaCenis versias, rodesac RmerTma wyvdiadi sinaTliT gaanaTa. Cven
vuSvebT SesaZleblobas, rom mze da mTvaris garda dReTa kolxuri saxelebi merkurs, veneras, marss, iupiters
da saturns ukavSirdebodes. kviris
dReTa saxelebi kolx qurumTa mier
aris Seqmnili. am dReTa saxelebi minimum SvidiaTasi wlis win mainc aris
Seqmnili.
megrulSi gvaqvs Svidi Taobis modgmis aRmniSvneli saxelebi. esenia:
impu, Sama, jama, papu, babu, muma. squa. es
cifrebi ukavSirdeba Svidi mnaTobis
mzis, mTvaris, merkuris, veneras, marsis,
iupiteris da saturnis krebul jams.
amas gvafiqrebinebs is, rom swored mnaTobTa Svideuli qurumTa astronomiuli dakvirvebis Sedegad dadginda da
am cifrs sakraluri mniSvneloba
mieca. asurulad baal niSnavs rogorc
xelmwifes, aseve mzes. mzis kultisadmi Tayvaniscemis momentebi, uZvelesi
droidan sagzlad gamoyolia megrul
enas.
baraTi
soxums
or nawilad. omze mZime dReebic aviTgagrZeleba 6-gv-dan
daSi ucvlian gamvlel-gamomvlelebs.
omiT gandevnilni Wuberi-sakenis
uReltexilze vewameT, iq saflavebad
davtoveT Cveni dedebi da mamebi, gayinuli
Cvilebi.
Semdeg
ki
zogi
saqarTveloSi, zogic ucxo qveynebSi
borcvebad mimoifantnen...
...”Cqim qiana” (“Cemi qveyana” _ megrulad) _ ityoda xolme dedaCemi monatrebis Jams. axla mec engurgaRma
saqarTvelos Cemi sulis nawils, “Cqim
qianas” davarqmev.
gudauTidan Camotanili zRvis niJara
maCuqa amas winaT megobarma, mlaSe
surneli mohyveboda... da kidev Cemi warsuli, SenTan ganSorebisas rom gaiyo
vale, magram ar damviwyebixar. sul Senze vfiqrob da Sen garSemo vrtialeb.
kalamic imisTvis miWiravs xelSi, rom
Sengan Sors myofmac araferi dagaklo.
sanam cocxali var, Senze da uSenobiT
atkivebul adamianebze davwer. es iqneba CemTvis Svebac da sicocxlis
sazrisic.
amas winaT Cemma devnilma mezobelma miTxra sinanuliT: RmerTma ise nu
momklas, rom engurgamoRma dabadebulma Cemma SvilisSvilma soxumSi
Cems ezoSi ver gaiaroso. RmerTo, auxdine yvela devnil bebias es saaxalwlo survili! manamde ki patarebma xaton
feradi fanqrebiTas da flomasterebiT
mze, zRva da ialqniani xomaldebi. afx-
piqtografiuli, ierografiuli da
anbanuri damwerlobebi kolxma qurum
misnebma Seqmnes. maTi anbani magiuria.
aqve vityviT, rom megrulad anbanamdel
damwerlobas aRuri ewodeba. Cven qvemoT rodesac SevexebiT garkveuli kategoriis megruli sityvebis struqturul agebulebas, vnaxavT, rom maT
kolx qurum-misanTa umaRlesi magiuri codna devs.
sainteresoa vicodeT sityva kolxeTis etimologiuri warmomavloba, ris
Sesaxebac mogaxsenebT, rom kolxida
berZnulad niSnavs Znelad saval
mxares, vladimer alfeniZes “sfinqsis
RimilSi” aRniSnuli aqvs, rom kolxi
sityva momdinareobs kolxTa mfarveli
RvTaebis saxelis yoloxisagan. j.
kakulia zemoTxsenebul Tavis wignSi
aRniSnavs, rom CeCnurad klx Waobs niSnavs da SesaZloa es saxelwodebac iqidan modiodes.
berZnuli miTologiis mixedviT aieti da misi saxleuli heliosis da antiopes Svilebi iyvnen. kolxebi miCneuli arian mzis Svilebad. migvaCnia,
rom kolxebis mzis Svilebad CaTvla
miTologiaSi imiT unda aixsnas, rom
kolxebi mzis gamorCeuli Tayvanismcemlebi iyvnen. kolxTa mzisa da sxva
mnaTobTa mimarT Tayvaniscemis faqtobrivi gamoxatuleba megrul leqsebSia mocemuli, romelTa avtorebi aravin icis.
“mze dedaa Cemi,
mTvare mama Cemi,
mocinari varskvlavebi
da da Zmaa Cemi”.
Zvel dros erTgvarad mTvare dominirebda, magram Semdeg mze gaxda
upirvelesi Tayvansacemi kulti. Zvel
aRmosavleTSi mze pirvel RvTaebad miiCneoda, rac mxatvrobaSic aris asaxuli Zvel egvi pteSi. RvTaeba xoris
oreuls Sevardens marjvena Tvali
mzisa aqvs, xolo marcxena Tvali mTvaris, uZvelesi droidan unda mosdevdes megrul zepirsityvierebas leqsi:
“si req Cqim bediS muricxi,
Tolefgvira cira TunTa,
sqan marZgvani Toli bJa re,
sqan kvarCxani Toli TuTa”.
am leqsSi Seyvarebuli mimarTavs
qaliSvils TunTas da eubneba, Sen xar
Cemi bedis varskvlavi, Seni marjvena
Tvali mzea, Seni marcxena Tvali mTvareao. aq mzisa da mTvaris mimarTebasTan saqme gvaqvs egvi ptur da kolxur paradigmebTan. qristemdel religiur-filosofiur
winaswarmetyvelebas didi sizustiT asaxavs
megruli leqsi “megruli nana”:
“Cqiniuri TolixviCa
cas mikoxe xvarxvateli,
irfel uCqu, muT Tudore
azeTis qarTvelobis nawili am axal
wels samurzayanos miwaze, Tavis WerqveS
Sexvda gaorebuli suliTa da sevdanarevi sixaruliT. Sin dabrunebulni isev dabrunebaze ocneboben da am
fiqriT gamoRma myofebs uerTdebian.
axali weli movida... isev uafxazeTod!
maRla aweuli yelyela Wiqa damZimda, samkvidromde Sors darCenili
dixaS gime kvarkvateli.
dixaS Tudo qiana re,
gveri kudels uwawuans
gime wyars do eSe xviTos
dRa do seriT uqacuans.
iS mulaSax muTas Tquans;
mara arZas mokiTxensu;
miT mudgenems uTaTxuans!
kiler karsi kila gonwyuns,
irkos ina va ganjine,
gomanjamal kirilire,
merexiS mulas ujine.
ukul muT iuyafuni
ufaliS kaTa ujine!”
es leqsi ezoTeruli codnis Semcvelia, aq gadmocemuli ideologia Zalze Soreuli warsulidan iRebs saTaves. mokled vityviT, rom leqsSi laparakia am codvil qveyanaze warRvnis
Semdgom mesiis mosvlaze, romelic
jerjerobiT dabmulia am qveynis
gasaRebi mis xelSia, elodeba warRvnas,
ris Semdegac moevlineba qveyanas
uflis moyvare xalxi amas yvelafers
ixilavs.
megrel xalxSi, aqa-iq, jer kidev
meoce saukunis ormocdaaTian-samocian wlebSi SemorCenili iyo winaprebis mier ciur mnaTobTa varskvlavTa
mimarT moferebiTi Tu varskvlavTmricxveli qurumTa codnidan gamomdinare adamianTa ti pebis saxeebis misadagebuli moportretebuli sityvebi
me bavSvobaSi meoce saukunis ormocdaaTian wlebSi gamigonia mxcovani
ledbegieli (sofelia zugdidis
raionSi) mwyemsebisagan. isini ixsenebdnen TavianT bavSvobaSi Tu rogor
Camoivlidnen
xolme
moxucebi
saRamoobiT keriasTan varskvlavTa
saxelebs. Cven moviyvanT am saxelebs:
kvaba (kviba), kvaza (kviza), kvawa (kviwa),
rCxama (rCxima), rcxama (rcxima), rwkama
(rwkima), rjRama (rjRima), wkvaza (wkviza),
wkvapa (wkvi pa), wkvama (wkvima) da ase
Semdeg. es sityvebi gamoxataven adamianTa ti pebis saxeebis gamometyvelebas
yba-saxis moyvanilobis, tuC-cxvirnikapis, Tvalis gamoxedvis da sxva
mravali niSnis mixedviT.
kvaza _ koxta da moxdenilia, kvapa
_ patara da lamazi, kvawa _ patara,
romelic Zlivs moCans, rcxama _ momnusxvelTvalebiania, wkvaza _ ukarebaa,
wkvapa _ meliis saxisa, wkvama _ turis
gamoxedvisaa. es epiTetebi miewereba
rogorc adamianebs, ise varskvlavebs.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom megruli zmnebiT varskvlavTa saxeebi metyveldeba. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom Zveli
adamianebi Tavs varskvlavTa xatebadac ki Tvlidnen, an piriqiT, sulac
SesaZlebelia adamianTa da varskvlavTa saxeebi, ubralod, simboluradac
iyos gaigivebuli.
murTaz janjRava
(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)
manZili meCvidmetejer gaiTvalzomes
iqaurma qarTvelebma. maTi survili
axal welsac ucvlelia.
P.S. xom giTxari, verafriT gagaxarebmeTqi, Cemo monatrebulo qalaqo.
gigoneb da cremli mdis da gana marto
me? engurgamoRma samasi aTasi erTnairi
feris cremli, dardi da sawuxaria.
RmerTo gaamTliane saqarTvelo!
svetlana kvikvinia, Jurnalisti
ilori
4 maisi
2010
9
ratom ebrZvian kolxur-iberiul fesvebs?
xdtyn
esdtltvn
onyghjt.nv
][kdjt.gin bnb;nygjt ytugmnej
hjk]tvt.v ;n;n nymtjtvnf g;tdyt.;yty
fdglcejv ;g vgjut.lk.;yty jg
,gjfnvg ;g n.tjnv tyk.jndn v[dgk.nf=
xdtyn snjsdtln bnogoclnv bnmg]t.nv
vejdnlnf
r.nlt.grgorgot.eln
btpk.lt.n= [tlvgcjtl bkbtymin=
tjtk;yty rn;t] ,dtcynv inygej
vg,btt.in& dtjgun bmjnv bnpgyn nck
;gilg-;g,e]bg]t.g ;g ;gvevmt.g
n.tjfg bk;ubnvg ;g 523 otlv bngqong
rn;t] gb bnpgyv^ .klk bkeqk n.tjfg
bbgjfdtlk.gv ;g gqbkvgdltfnv n.tjng
]gl-]glrt vghnmng[ikt.nv vg[nf
itdn;g vhgjvtfnv ;g,dtb;t.gjt.gin=
jkbtlfg] bgjfgd;yty gbnv itb;tu
,gjfltln hnmng[it.n ~bfgdjt.n|= bgujgb bglt vhgjvtlfg .gmkyk.g gemgytln ug[;g ;g erdt 571-573 olt.in
,gjfltlt.n vkb[t.fgy ;g .npgymntlt.fgy tjfg; n.jsdngy bgf onyggqb;tu dnybt uejutynv onygbsqklk.nf=
jkblnv itb;tu ug;g;ngy .npgymntlfg
;g,dtb;t.gjt.gin= bgujgb fgdngyf bgbelt.pt vjeln ugbut.lk.nv itygjxeyt.nf& b[klk; 899 otlv itsltv
,gjfltlt.bg ,gjflnv vgbtakv vmgmevnv bkhkdt.g& ,gjflnv hnjdtln
btatg g;gjygvt II .gujgmnkyn& mgk-rlgjwtfn
]glrtg
;g
.npgymnnv
;g,dtb;t.gjt.ging& tujnv-ga[gptfn dtj
ejnu;t.g n.tjfg bk;ubnv gvt ;gilg;g,e]bg]t.gv ;g tujnv-ga[gptfnv
btatb-ftk;kv II-b n.tjfg bk;ubnv nvtd
ugtjfngyt.nv bnpynf= 968 otlv btat;
grejf[g fgdnvn ;nvidnln= ,gjflnv
ealnvoeln .gujgm III .gujgmnkyn=
bgujgb bgy dtj itslk ,gjflnv itbktjft.g .g.env - .gujgm II-nvg ;g bgbnv – uejuty II-nv vn]k][ltin& b[klk;
bgfn vnrd;nlnv itb;tu= 1008 otlv
.jsklnf itbkntjfg= btbrdn;jtk.nf
refdynln fgdnvn bgbeln&
ftk;kv II-nvg ;g bnvn hnjdtln dgpnjnv – nkgyt bgjeinv xgygan,jn=
ygb;dnlg; utynglejn nck^ ey;g
itt,bygf vgtjfk vglnmtjgmejk tyg=
jkbtln] gj]tjf n.tjfg
bk;ubnvgfdnv e][k gj n,yt.k;g ;g fgyg.jg;
[tlbnvgod;kbn n,yt.k;g= jkukj]
n.tjfg ;gygjxtyn bk;ubnvgfdnv= nvt
,gjfltlfgfdnv= jkblt.n] bgygb;t gb
b[jnd= tmck.g= ;gxgujelg; ujsyk.;yty
fgdv ;g bjgdgln vgereynv ugybgdlk.gin
];nlk.;yty ugbkckak;yty n.tjt.v& tv
hjk.ltbg girgjg; xgyv nkgyt htmjnonv
vnmcdt.in^ #&&& gjg dt] jeln vgjt]tfg
bkb;tdjt.nvg xtb~n|vgfg= ;g gj]g ogbn
vgvetyfg velnvg xtbnvgfg= dn;jtb;nv
gjg bkb[t;g bt ukyt.nfbgy ]nvrgjbgy
;qtfg;bn=
jkbtlfg
.ytln
ebt]jt.gfgჲ gjq~g| tyg]dlt.nv\ ;g
gqdniejdt mkbnvgfdnv udgjfg xtbnvg
~t&n& ,gjfnv mkbnvgfdnv= [gpn xtbng= r&a&|
bt bn;bkk.gჲ tynvgჲ uglt,vt.eln ;g
btv[etn b;g.jnkyfgugy=&&&$| ~n[&nkgyt
htmjnon= ijkbt.n= II ugbk]tbg v&
rge[xnidnlnvg ;g i& ye]e.nsnv bntj=
f.& 1937= ud& 220| wtj tjfn= jgb;tyg;
bsnbtg #gqdniejdt mkbnvgfdnv udgjfg
xtbnvg
bt
bn;bkk.gჲ
tynvgჲ
uglt,vt.eln ;g btv[etn b;g.jnkyfgugy$ ;g ogjbkn;unytf jgb;tyg; bsnbt
n,yt.k;g t,dvn vgereynv onygf ,gjfnv
tyg= jk]g nv ,dtitdj;kbn nck
n.tjt.nvg& ptbkf ogjbk;utynln
mt,vmnv ;gbgyg btln,nidnlnvteln
fgjubgyn gvtfng^
#gjg dt] jeln$ xtbv vgjt]tlv ;g
gj]g ogbn velnv bkvgvdtyt.lg;= vgygb
gj bkb[t;g bt ukyt.nfbg ]nvrgjbg ;qnvgrty= jkbtlvg] ebt]jt.gfg vn.ytlt gj
tyg]dlt.g& ;g gqdniejdt bt= xtbn udgjmkbnvgfdnv itbt,byg tyg vnmcdg-b;n;gjn
;g ugyv[dgdt.eln b;g.nkfgugy&&&$ ;g
vokjt; ;n;bg anlkvkakvbg nkgyt htmjnobg ;g nb ;jknv eugygflt.eltvbg
bkqdgott.bg gjvty ncglfktlbg ;g v[dg
bgbelnidnlt.bg ;n;n ;gdnf gqbgityt.lnv b[gj;gztjnf it,bytv= erdt=
jevfgdtlnv thk,nvgfdnv= vjelg;
ug[bkdgyt.eln= vgk]jg; ujgbgmnpnjt.eln ;g ;g[dtonln vgtjfk vglnmtjgmejk rlgvnrejn tyg= jkbtlbg]
nymtyvnejg;
nock
ugdj]tlt.g
gqbkvgdltf vg,gjfdtlkin= btv[tfwgdg[tfin ;g nbtjtfnv mtjnmkjngpt=
itb;ukb uejngvg ;g gzgjgin& tv
hjk]tvn
ujstl;t.k;g
XIV-XVI
vgereytt.in ;g ;gvjel;g bt-17
vgereynv .klkvgfdnv& t&n& tujtfok;t.eln obny;g btujeln tyg itbkjxgf kwg[in vglghgjgrk tyg;
jnkyn;gy tyuejgb;t mtjnmkjngpt ;g
ga[gptfin= bgujgb ga[gptfn gb ;jknvgfdnv ]glrt vgbfgdjkg ~tyuejvg ;g
rk;kjv ikjnv mtjnmkjng da
dasavleTi lixis uReltexilamde ltdgy II ;g;ngynv btak.nv [gygin vgbtujtlkin it;nk;g| tyuejgb;t& gb;tyg;
vgbtujtlkv
vgbfgdjk tyuejvg ;g
jnkyv ikjnv mtjnmkjnnf ugynvgpqdjg, e.i. gjg sd&o&gq-nv III vgereyn;gy,
agjygdgpnv btak.nv [gygin= gjgbt; bt17 vgereytin levan II dadianis
sikvdilis Semdeg (1657 w)= dg[mgyu VInv btak.nv ;jkv&
jg;ugy ckanln n.tjnnv e;n;tvn
mtjnmkjng bkn]dg erdt vgtjfk vglnmtjgmejk tygb ;g bt-10 vgereyn;gy
btak.;g ,gjflnv vgbtak ;nygvmnnv
ogjbkbg;utytln= XIV vgereyn;gy
rkl[tf-n.tjnnv vgbtak bflngyg;
nok;t.g ,gjfdtlt.nv vgbtak;= gye
vg,gjfdtlk;& bgygb;t rn nok;t.k;g
ga[gptfg;^ #XI vgereyn;gy= bgv btjt=
jg] #ga[gpfg$ btat .gujgm III .gujgmnkybg snjnfg;g; ;ggvjelg
vg,gjfdtlkv hklnmnrejn ugtjfngyt.g=
ga[gptfn tok;g bftl vg,gjfdtlkv&
vokjt;
gb
vg[tlok;t.nf
bkn[vtynt.k;g
ebfgdjtvg;
vg,gjfdtlkv vg[tlbonak e][kej
ocgjkt.in XI-XII vv-in= ;g= gj]fe
nidngfg;= bkudngyt.nfg]$ ~ndgyt
wgdg[nidnln= ty]nrlkht;nejn lt,vnrkyn= f.& 2002|& dn;jt itn,byt.k;g
vgtjfk vglnmtjgmejk tyg @ itb;ukb
ok;t.eln ,gjfel tyg;= ,gjflnv vgbtak ;nygvmnnv vghgmnd]tbelk;=
ga[gptfnv vgbtakin vg[tlbonak tyg=
e;gdkg= t&o& btujeln= gye n.tjneln tyg
nck& gbnv itb;tu ,dtcynv relmejeltrkykbnrej ][kdjt.gin ugyvgrefjt.eln jkln nfgbgig nb ugjtbkt.gb=
jkb vg,gjfdtlkv e;n;tv mtjnmkjngpt bk[;g g[gln rlgvnrejn
n.tjneln tynv ugdj]tlt.g= gye
,gjfelnpg]ng ;g gjg ,gjfnpg]ng&
bne[t;gdg; nbnvg== t&o& btujtlt.n
~n.tjt.n| vgtjfk vglnmtjgmejk tygv
.jocnydglt;
tealt.k;yty
;g
bkvglk;ytln nck bflngyn ,gjfelnpg]ng= ugyut.nv yt.nf= fe onygvogj itbeigdt.eln
utubnv
fgyg[bg;=
jgbk;tynbt jgnkyv ~;qtnvgfdnv t,dv
jgnkyv| bgny] itbkjxg esdtltvn
n.tjneln tyg fgdnvn epgjbgpgjn
lt,vnrejn aky;nf ~n[& b& ;g ]& sgsgbng #btujeln tynv lt,vnrg ;g vnmcdgfogjbkbgdlk.g$=
idn;mkbteln|
kwg[in vglghgjgrk tyg;& bgujgb=
jg;ugyg] vg,gjfdtlkv bkvg[ltk.nv
e;n;tvn ebjgdltvk.g g[gl n.tjnel
tygpt – t&o& ,gjfelpt vge.jk.v ;g bgf
v[dg ,gjfdtlejn tyt.n gj n]ngy= /ukyngf= xdtyn vgtjfk vglnmtjgmejk tyg
b[klk; ,gjflejng ;g gbnmkb /,dng
bgv tv vg[tln& vnygb;dnltin rn vgtjfk
vglnmtjgmejk ,gjfelin btujeln
~n.tjneln| rkbhkytymn ~bynidytlk.g
gjg g,dv tv rkbhkytymn vglnmtjgmejk
,gjfelv hjkmk,gjfeln tynv ;natjty]njt.nv ;jkn;gy itbkjxg= fe= nvtd=
rkyvkln;g]nnv itb;tu itnsnyg| nb;tyg;
;n;ng= jkb nv gsltdv bgv= nvtd=
tjkdyel velv ;g fe gb rkbhkytymv ugbkdg]lnf t&o& ,gjfel tygv= ;gudjxt.g
vhgjvelnv= gjg.elnv= ujtrelnv=
lgfnyejnv= gjbtyelnvg ;g fej,elnv
rkyulkbtjgmn= bgfn ygpgdn&
gj uwtjgf! bginy= kqky; btujeln
~n.tjneln| tynv ugbkctyt.nv ugjtit=
itnvogdltf
obny;g
tjkdyeln
ogjbkbgdlk.nvg; bnxyteln vnmcdt.nv
~vncdgjeln= vn[gjeln= vnseldnln=
vnj][dnln= ygftln= .ytln= ftfjn=
fkdln= .gydg= .jmctln= ujstln ;g
g&i&| tmnbklkung ;g bynidytlk.g= gy
rn;td= /gny] atyjn[nvg ;g pejg.
vgjwdtlgsnv #,gjfdtlej tygfg tmnbklkunej lt,vnrkyin$ ogjbk;utynln
1500-pt btmn vgtjfk ,gjfdtlejn snjnvteln akjbt.nv ogjbkbgdlk.g ;g
bynidytlk.g&
gvtdt=
ebgjmndtvn=
vg;gejk.nv ugbkb[gmdtln vean,vnv #tln$-nv ogjbkbgdlk.g& dtj itnvogdlnf`
jg;ugy= nv fgd;ghnjdtln tyk.jndn
bkyg]tbt.n= jkblt.n] gqyniyeln vnmcdt.nvg
;g
snjteln
akjbt.nv
bynidytlk.t.nv bnqt.gv e;tdv vgaesdlg;= g[gl rlgvnrej n.tjnel tygv @
,gjfelv ;gdnoct.eln ;g ;grgjueln
g,dv& gbnmkb= bne[t;gdg; nbnvg= rgjug;
otjty bnv ujgbgmnrgv= bkjaklkungvg
;g vnymg,vv= iteslt.tlng vnqjbnvtelg; itvogdlnl n,ytv ,gjfeln tynv
ogjbkik.g t&o& btujeln tynv akytmnrnv
vnqjbnvtelg; ]k;ynv ugjtit&
grg;& u& g[dlt;ngyn= ujsyk.;g jg
.utjt.nv ogjbkik.nv bt,gynpbt.nv
itvogdlnv e;n;tv bynidytlk.gv= otj;g^
#&&&vgbtmcdtlk .utjgfg ogjbkik.nv
ug;gzjgv iteslng ug;gbocdtmn vnmcdg
f,dgv
vgtjfk;
btmcdtlt.nv
ogjbkik.nv vgrnf[in= jg;ugyg] gjgatjn tyk.jndn gjgg nvtfn vgtjfk jgb
cdtlg tynvgfdnv= jkukj] anpnrej.nklkunejn .utjnv ugbkctyt.g vgbtmcdtlk bgvglg;$ ~u&g[dlt;ngyn= n,dt1999= ud&390|& bgujgb= vgboe[gjk;= xdtybg bt]yntjt.bg tynvg ;g btmcdtlt.nv
ogjbkik.nv vatjk ygrjsglg; ugbkg][g;tv= jg;ugy gb vatjkin
beigk.nvgv t&o& btujeln tyg= jkb
sglgeyt.ejg; itbktvogdlky [tl;g[tl=
jgqg tidtlt.gf ;g gbnmkb t&o& btujeln
tynv vnqjbtt.nv itvogdlg bnvmnrej= gye
tygfbt]yntjt.nvgfdnv bneod;kbtl
vatjk; itjg][tv ;g vogdlk.ty
b[klk;
ebgjmndtv
vgrnf[t.v=
jkukjn]gg= bgu&= ,gjfel-jeveln
tyt.nv ejfntjfk.nv vgrnf[t.n=
,gjfdtlej-ga[gpejn lnyudkrelmejeln ejfntjfk.t.n= vdgyt.nvg ;g
xj;nlkrgdrgvntlt.nv ejfntjfk.nv
pkuntjfn
gvht,mt.n=
eqlt.nv
hgjg;nubgmeln mnht.n btujelin ;g
v[dg&
gj dgjf gvtfn vgrnf[t.nv itvogdlnv onyggqb;tun= bgujgb xdtyv bntj ogbkotel vgrnf[t.fgy it;gjt.nf=
gqyniyeln ;g bvugdvn vgrnf[t.n=
yejgdny ye bnoctyv= ebynidytlkg&
kan]nglej vgbt]yntjk ojtt.in
pkuntjft.n njn.g; ecejt.ty bgbgymn
sgsgbngv& bnvbg ,glnidnlbg rn tygfbt]yntjt.nv nyvmnmemin ;gn]dg
vgbt]yntjk [gjnv[n& tjf[tl gb nyvmnmemnv tjfbg fgygbijkbtlbg rkmt rgrnmgstb
jgmkbqg]
.-y
bgbgymnpt
ug.jgpt.elbg f,dg^ bnvn ukuk gvwtj
vwk.ng bgbgymnvk&
bt rgjug; dn]yk. bgf kwg[v= ]njg
ygb;dnlg; ynzntjn= bijkbtln ;g ;n;n
bkbgdlnv b,kyt ukukg= nv bt idnlndnf
bncdgjv= jg;ugy velntjg;g] obny;g ;g
fkdlndnf vhtmgrn g;gbngyng= bgujgb
vg; hgmgjg gyft.eln vgyftln ;g vg;
.j;qdnglg xnjgq;gyn&
,gjfel ;gbotjlk.gfg tjkdyel
yng;gupt ogjbkik.nvg ;g atvmkvnv
;nvrkv btujel-lgpejn tynf uginajdnv ztibgjnmt.nv euelt.tlckanf=
gujtfdt= xdtyn tjnv esdtltvn ogjvelnv
egjvgckag;
vht]nglejg;
itf[peln #,gjflnv ][kdjt.gpt$
;gcj;yk.nf= xdtyn ,dtcynv inygejn ;g
ugjtit bmjt.n vgaesdtlv ,byngy=
jkukj] ;gutubnln g,dv jevtfnv gujtvnel-nbhtjnel sglt.v= ,gjfdtln
tjnv vg,gjfdtlkv mtjnmkjnn;gy ugstdt.nv= fe utyk]n;nv bkvgock.g;= jgvg]
bnpyg; nvg[gd;g dtjgun bn[tnl
vevlkdn ;g ogjbkg;unyg vgrgdinjk
rkbhgjmnnv hklnm.nejkv 1961 olnv
vgn;eblk v[;kbgpt^
#rkbeynvmejn hgjmng jevtfnv ot.kg ;g
vgygb tv ot.k fgdnv fdnvt.gv gj ;grgjugdv=
bgygb;t ey;g gdgbeigkf jevtfnv ug;gjxtynv
utubg=
jkbtln]
v[dg;gv[dg
jtvhe.lnrt.in v[dg;gv[dg n,yt.g&
ikjtel gqbkvgdltfin b][kdjt.
utytjlt.v ey;g bnd]tf ][kdjt.nv ykjbglejn vgieglt.g& bgf xgbkvgvg[lt.lg;
udznj;t.g igdn pqdnv vgvgpqdjk mtjnmkjng= vg;g]= jkukj] bkut[vtyt.gf=
,gjfdtlt.n
][kdjk.ty&
ey;g
ugdnfdglnvonykf= jkb ,gjfdtlt.n
slntj ugyv[dgd;t.ngy xdtyugy& g;jt fe
udngy vg,gjfdtlkv ;gbkern;t.lk.nv
vgrnf[v ;ggctyt.ty ;g fgdnvealt.gv
bknf[kdty= bgffgy .jsklg ey;g
;gdnockf ga[gptfn;gy& ga[gptfnv ugbkctyt.nf vgbtujtlkv= vdgytfv= gzgjgv
;g v[dg ref[tt.v ey;g bnd]tf
;gbkern;t.lk.g= bgfin ]gl-]glrt ey;g
ugdgqdndkf ref[ej-tjkdyeln ujsyk.g=
;gvgdltfn vg,gjfdtlk ey;g ;gdehnjnvhnjkf gqbkvgdltfv= gbnv itb;tu bgf
ikjnv bkbjnut.lnv aey,]ng ey;g itdgvjelkf& hgjgltlejg; ,gjfdtlt.n
bt]yntjelg; ey;g ;gdgjobeykf= jkb
nvnyn
v[dg;gv[dg
,dtcyt.n;gy
xgbkvg[lt.eln
v[dg;gv[dg
tjnv
ogjbkbg;utylt.n gjngy= jg] bgf
vg,gjfdtlkv mtjnmkjnn;gy vg.klkk;
ugstdt.nv vgieglt.gv bkud]tbv$ ~hgjnpnv
tjkdyeln vg.zkv ‘-ln #bt.jskln
vg,gjfdtlk$= 26 bgnvn= 2003 otln|
gl.gf=
itfgy[bt.eln
ncdyty
onygvogj= jevn gujtvkjt.n ;g gjbtynnv ugjrdteln ojtt.n= jkblt.n]
‘gy;gjbt.g; /cgdf bgf rgdrgvngin=
jg;ugy vevlkdnv utubnv hjtvgin ugbkvdlnvfgygdt gjbtynnv vghjtpn;tymk
bt]yntjt.gfg grg;tbnnv grg;tbnrkvn
vejty gndgpngyn emnajg; g][g;t.v^
#,gjfdtlt.n mnujgy btkjtb xgbkncdgyg hnjnytnv n.tjnn;gy bmd-
njfgdt.g; ;g ;qtv ,gjfdtlt.nf
;gvg[lt.el mtjnmkjngpt= jkbtln] nb
;jkv gjbtyt.v trefdyk;g ;g jevt.n
][kdjk.;yty= ujepxnrt.n itgj,dtv=
vgn;gyg]
ogjbkv;ug
tfynrejn
vg[tlok;t.g #ujepnyn$ ~ugptfn;gy
#wgdg[,n$|&
jg e;tdv ckdtlndt gbgv vgaesdlg;!
jkbtl
vht]nglejg;
itf[pel
bgvglgptg vge.gjn ;g jg ;jkn;gy
noct.g ugybtkjt.nfn .jsklg rkl[ejn.tjneln atvdt.nv gbksnjrdnvgfdnv!
jk;nv ;gniglg rkl[tfgb;tln
n.tjng= jkbtlpt;g] hjka& nkvt.
cnainst
otjv
fgdnv
#btujeln
~n.tjneln| tynv ujgbgmnrgin$ ;g=
jkbtln] #dj]tl;t.k;g hnjnytn;gy
ny;ktfgb;t mtjnmkjngpt$= otjnlk.nfn ocgjkt.n ;g gj,tklkunejn
stult.n= ugj;g atvmkvnv ;nvrkvn ;g
jnu bt]yntjfg bntj [btlfgieg pqdnv
gepnv ,dtcyt.in ugbkdlnyt.eln
,gjfdtlejfgy n;tymejn 5000-b;t vnmcdnvg= wtjwtjk.nf= gj bkudthkdt.g&
bgujgb= qdfnv ocglk.nf= udg,dv
]k][gln t&o& btujeln ~n.tjneln| tynv
tyk.jndn bkyg]tbt.n= jkblt.n] btmcdtlt.ty
n.tjfg
;gvg.gbn;gy
bkb;nygjtk.gpt& rtjsk;= ejfntjf
itvgmcdnvn btujeln ;g ,gjflejn
snjnvteln akjbt.nv tmnbklkunejn
rdltdt.n udnxdtyt.ty= jkb kjndt tyg
tjfn snjnvteln tynv ugyimkt.gg= gy
tjfv ugbktck btkjt= bgujgb hnjdtlg;n
akjbt.n= girgjgg= btujelv g,dv ;qtb;t
itygjxeyt.eln ;g= gbgdt ;jkv= itygjxeyt.eln g,dv ;t;gbnogpt gjvt.eln
kf[ndt mnhnv ~snjnvteln= gye
npklg]nejn\ alt,vnejn\ gulemnyg]nejn ;g hklnvnyftpejn= gye
nyrkjhkjg]neln| tyt.nv tyk.jndn
bkyg]tbt.n& tv rn btmcdtlt.v nbgpt=
jkb t&o& btujeln ~n.tjneln| tyg=
jgb;tyg;g] gj ugunrdnj;tf= gjnv
.n.lngin gqyniyeln #tjfngyn bnontjn
tyg$ ;g= jkukj] ynrk bgjn an,jk.;g=
#hjkmk,gjfeln= gye ngatmejn ~nundt=
n.tjneln= [gpn xtbng r&a&| tyg gjnv
tjfngyn ulkmkukynejn atykbtyn=
vgtjfk vgaesdtln cdtlg tyt.nvg=
jkbtlyn] ogjbknidyty bnvugy ;natjty]ng]nnv hjk]tvin$= gye tv tygg cdtlg
tygfg ;t;g= gy= egjtv itbf[dtdgin= bnvn
tjftjfn ehnjdtltvn btbrdn;jt&
rgdrgvngin jk;nv xgbkcgln.;g
n.tjnnv vg[tlbonak= pevmg; gj dn]nf=
bgujgb nyulnvtln nvmkjnrkvnv /tyjn
jgelnyvkynvg ;g xdtyn grg;-nv t,dfnbt
fgcgnidnlnv ]yk.t.nv fgyg[bg;= sd&
o&gq-nv 550 oln;gy 331 olgb;t
gqbkvgdltfnv n.tjng vhgjvtfv g,dv
;ghcjk.nln\ 331 oln;gy 112 olgb;t
n.tjng ;gbkern;t.tlng\ 112 oln;gy 66
olgb;t= gye n.tjngin ;g gl.gytfin
hkbhtevnv lgi,jk.gb;nv @ n.tjng
nbckat.g bnfjn;gm hkymktlnv ugdltynv ,dti\ 66 oln;gy ~,jnvmtv ony| 364
olgb;nv ~,jnvmtv itb;tu| @ n.tjng
ag,mnejg; ;gbkern;t.tlng= bgujgb
ykbnyglejg; njn][t.g jkbgtlfg veptjtynmtmnv ,dti\ 364 oln;gy 523 olgb;t
n.tjnnv vg[tlbonakt.jndn b;ukbgjtk.g bflg; ugjrdteln gj gjnv=
feb]g= jgqg] akjbnf vhgjvtfnv
;g,dtb;t.gjt.ging= jg;ugy 523 otlv
n.tjnnv btat uejutyn gewgyc;g vhgjvtfv= bgujgb vgvmnrg; ;gbgj][;g= jkblnv
itb;tu fgdnvn bjgdgljn][kdgyn gbglnf
.npgymngin ug;gn[dtog& 523 olnv itb;tu
n.tjyn ,jt.ngy nvmkjnnv vgj.ntln;gy=
ckdtl itbf[dtdgin= gvtfn vg[tlok;t.nf
gj gjvt.k.ty& [klk ,gjft.n sd&o&gq-nv
550 olgb;t= etzdtlng= gjvt.k.;yty=
bgujgb bnv gjvt.k.gpt gjgdnfgjn
]yk.t.n gj bkudthkt.g& sd& o&gq-nv 550
oln;gy g[& o&gq-nv 523 olgb;t rn n.tjnnv ;g,dtb;t.gjt.ging& gb [ynv ugybgdlk.gin .tdjwtj e];ngf ,gjft.v
ugbkckak;yty n.tjt.v= tjf[tl ugbkckanlgy rn;t] n.tjnnv btanv ,gjfgb
I-nv ;jkv ~n[& hgdlt nyukjkcdg=
f[pelt.gfg rjt.eln= mkbn IV f.&
1975= ud& 521| ;g ;gegjvt.ngf gjbgpnv
vthgjgmnvmeln vg[tlbonak= bgujgb
t,dvn
btanv
~.gjg]bgynv
rgkv=
gjbgpgdjnv= g;tjernv= agjvbgy-gdgpnv
;g
bnj;gmnv|
btak.nv
itb;tu
nselt.eln
ugb[;gjgy
nvtd
;gbkjxnlt.k;yty b][tfnv n.tjfg
btatt.v ~n[& t,dfnbt fgcgnidnlnv gqy&
ygijkbn ;g #bk,]tdgჲ ,gjflnvgჲ$|&
kukuri fifia,
mweralTa, mecnierTa da sazogado
moRvaweTa akademia
`qaldea~-s da fazisis
mecnierebaTa akademiis wevri
10
4 maisi
2010
ilori
Cems mier “festosis diskos” warweris gaSifvris Sedegebi
TiTqmis mTeli asi wlis ganmavlobaSi didad ainteresebda
msoflios samecniro sferos “festosis diskoze” gamosaxuli asoniSnebis Sinaarsi, romlis gaSifvra
axalgazrda kolxma mecnierma, profesorma gia kvaSilavam moaxerxa.
axla ki mTel msoflios ainteresebs is, Tu rogor gaumklavda batoni gia im problemas, romelsac
asi wlis ganmavlobaSi verafers
uxerxebda mTeli msoflios samecniero samyaro.
vuZRvni SesaniSnavi
mecnierebis
herbert ZebiSisa da
akaki uruSaZis naTel xsovnas
gia kvaSilava
V.
“gar2f2”/“gar2f2n2”
=>
”Yor2f2”/”Yor2f2n2” (=> megr.: ”Yorofa”
_ siyvaruli) _ 1. koribantebi _ “Smagi
Seyvarebulebi”;
berZ.: Ú/Ú (mx. r.
Ú/Ú _ “mfaravi/mfarveli angelozi”); laT.: Cyrbantes/ Kyrbantes/Corybantes/Korybantes (mx. r. Cyrbas/Kyrbas/
Corybas/Korybas) _ koribantebi,heliosis
Svilebi da aietis Zmebi, rea-kibeles da
zevsis qurumebi;
“Etymologicon Magnum”-is (Lips., 1816)
mixedviT Ú = Ú,rac miRebulia
zmnisagan Ú (= Ú) “vmalav”,“vfarav”. es etimologia emyareboda koribantTa misteriebis farul xasiaTs” ([13]. ak.
uruSaZe, 1964, gv. 160).
Sead.: berZ.: Ú (mr. r. Ú) _ kirbi/kÂrbi, samwaxnagovani piramiduli wer-
il-sveti; ebr.: brkh,brKh [Àqrb] _ edemis
baRis mcveli, mfarveli angelozi qerubi/xerubi/kirubi (ix.: [2]. biblia, dabad.:
3.24); berZ.: … _ ”tiara”,sparsuli
wvetiani (e.w. frigiuli) qudi; berZ.:
»_ wveri,kenwero; akokolavebuli
qoCori; megr.: ”k2rbi”/”k2r2bi”/”kiribi” _
kravi; berZ.: ‹Ò/Ò _ cxvari, verZi;
megr.: “korobua” – [Se]groveba, [Se]kreba;
megr.: “gurafa” _ swavla.
2. kabirebi;
laT.: Cabiri; berZ.: Ò, Ò
(“fuZis angelozi”) => £, è_
kabirebi,hefestosis Svilebi; mWedlobis
mfarveli RvTaebebi, romelTa kulti
iyo gavrcelebuli k. samoTrakze
(herodote, II, 51: III, 37).
Sead.: xevs.: ”kopala” _ Zv. qarTuli RvTaeba; qarT.: “kÂria” _ nayofierebisa da
Svilosnobis RvTaeba ([21]. iv. javaxiSvili, 1951,gv. 62; [13]. ak. uruSaZe,1964,gv.
163); Zv. megr.: ”Yofal2a”, ”Yobal2a” _ ayvavebis/nayofierebis Zv. kolxuri RvTaeba; gvarebi: “kobalaZe”, kopaliani”,
“qobalia”, “qobalava”, “koberiZe”,
“kibiria”.
3. kuretebi;
berZ.:è, è => Ú,
Ú, ÚÁ _ kuretebi, rea-kibeles da zevsis qurumebi;
Sead.: mikenuri berZ.: .o [ko-wo]; berZ.:
Ò#, Ò,è_ ymawvili; qarT.:
“qorfa”; berZ.: è_ Zala,Zalaufleba;
berZ.: Ú_ batoni, meTauri; mefe;
ufali; berZ.: Òè_ Tavi (?); mikenuri
berZ.: .? [ko-ru]; berZ.: Ò _ muzaradi;
berZ.: …Ú_ RvTiuri.
4. karielebi;
berZ.: © _ karielebi; berZ.: ©,
©, £, © _ karielTa mamamTavari;
berZ.:… _ karia,qveyana mcire aziaSi;
qarT.: “kari”;
5.
garebi/galebi
=>
“ma[n]garelebi”/”mi[n]garelebi”;
Sead.: toponimi “mingarie”/”migaria” _
mTa martvilis r-nSi,egrisis qedze; berZ.:
‹©ra _ qalaqi korinTos ubesTan;
berZ.: Megar…j _ mxare Zv. saberZneTSi;
berZ.: MegareÚj, Megar‹ej _ megarelebi;
berZ.: ‹©_ wmidaTawmida delfos
taZarSi.
6. golxebi/kolxebi, kolebi;
berZ.: … (<= “kol”+”xi” = “koli
xalxi”, Zv. megr.: “xi” _ xalxi); …
_ kolxeTi;
Sead.: mikenuri berZ.: n. [ka-ko]; berZ.:
Ò _ spilenZi.
“kolxebze mefobda aieti,heliosisa da
perseisis vaJiSvili, kirkesa da minosis
colis pasifaes Zma“ (apolod. aTeneli,
“biblioTeka”, I, 9, 6).
“kolebi, xalxi, romelic cxovrobs
kavkasiaSi... kavkasiis mTis qedebs ewodeba kolis mTebi,TviT qveyanasac ewodeba
kolike” (hekat. mileteli,“dedamiwis aRwera”: II. “azia”).
“uaxlesi gamokvlevebis mixedviT,
kolxuri saxelmwifoebriobis arseboba
Cven ukve Zv. welTaRricxvis me-15 saukunisaTvis unda vivaraudoT, ramdenadac
mikenuri epoqis berZnul warwerebSi
(Zv. welTaRricxvis XV/XIV s.s.) dokumenturad dasturdeba mravali saxeli,
romlebic “argonavtebis miTidan” iyo
CvenTvis cnobili, maT Soris iseTi saxelebi, rogoricaa “(qveyana) aia”, “kolxida”, “iasoni” da sxv.” ([4]. T. gamyreliZe,
1999).
7. egrebi/ekrebi => megrelebi/”margalefi”;
berZ.: ‹ <= mr. r. ‹,
Ú (<= £/… _ pelasgTa
RvTaeba mze-heliosis vaJiSvili ),
£/£,£,…,
£, £, '»/'» _
makriselebi, makrelebi, makronebi,
megrelebi,
egriselebi;
afxaz.:
агы́руа/ag2́rUa; Zv. somx.: ycyuk [egerq] =>
ycyuaxi [egeraci] _ megreli; evrop.:
Mingrelia/Mengrelia/ Megralia/Megrelia _
samegrelo;
Sead.: megr.: “margu”/marguali” _ damrgveli; berZ.: ‹Ò_ argosi, pelazguri qalaqi TesaliaSi ([63].
homerosi, II, 681); berZ.: ¢Ò _ 1. swrafi,
mardi; 2. TeTri; 3. mbrwyinavi, mzinvare,
kaSkaSa.
gamoTqmulia
mosazreba,
rom
“arg”/”agr”/“ag2r” fuZidan nawarmoebia
“margali” _ megreli, egriseli ([32]. И.В.
Мегрелидзе, 1938,gv. 67; [13]. ak. uruSaZe,1964,
gv. 136-139).
“samecniero literaturaSi aRiarebulia, rom “makroni” (san-i//zan-i) megrelTa
satomo saxeli iyo” ([13]. ak. uruSaZe,1964,
gv. 136; ix.: [21]. iv. javaxiSvili, 1913, gv. 29;
[10]. s. makalaTia,1941,gv. 13; [23]. s. janaSia,
1956,gv. 6; [16]. s. yauxCiSvili,1964,gv. 18; [7].
r. gordeziani, 1999, gv. 95).
berZnuli wyaroebis mixedviT,“makronebis ufro Zveli saxeli unda iyos daculi _ es saxelia makriselebi anu
makrelebi” ([13]. ak. uruSaZe, 1964, gv. 126).
“makriselebis laSqari pelasgurad
moixsenia [rodoselma poetma], vinaidan
isini [makriselebi] evbeelTagan arian
gadmosaxlebulni. [kunZuli] evbea [anu
makrisi, negroponti, evia] ki mdebareobs
maxloblad peloponesisa,romelsac Zvelad pelasgia erqva” (Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod.
I, 1024; ix.: [13]. ak. uruSaZe, 1964, gv. 130-131,
133, 137-139, 321).
“pelasgTa odindeli samkvidrebeli
korinTo _ efire ('Ú) Zveli wyaroebis CvenebiT [evmelos korinTeli (VIII s.
Zv.w.), epimenide kreteli (VI s. Zv.w.), simonide keoseli (556-469/468 Zv.w.),
likofron qalkideli (285-247 Zv.w.) da
sxv.] heliosis Zis aietis da misi STamomavlobis sagamgebelo mxare iyo. iasoni
da medea korinToSi Cadian rogorc
wilnaxvedr qveyanaSi” ([13]. ak. uruSaZe,
1964, gv. 17, 122, 194, 201, 202, 301).
“aieti efiresTan, anu winaberZnuli
tomebis gavrcelebis erT-erT ZiriTad
regionTan aris dakavSirebuli, kirkes
sameufo misi kolxididan dasavleTiT
gadasaxlebis Semdgom tirseniis, anu
etruskebis qveyanaSi mdebareobs, xolo
pasifae kretis mefis, minosis meuRle
xdeba. kreta ki winaberZnuli minosuri
kulturis gavrcelebis ZiriTad regions
warmoadgens Zv.w. II aTaswleulSi. Tanamedrove gamokvlevebis mixedviT,SesaZleblad aris miCneuli, rom Zv.w. III_II
aTaswleulTa mijnaze kavkasiis farglebidan qarTvelur tomTa erTi nawili
egeidaSi gadasaxlda, rac aq pelasguri
eTnosis Camoyalibebis safuZveli gaxda.
aqedan moxda qarTvelizebuli tomebis
erTi nawilis k. kretaze,xolo meore nawilis italiaSi gadasaxleba. am hipoTezis
safuZvels warmoadgens e.w. winaberZnul,
minosur da etruskul enobriv monacemebSi mniSvnelovani, aSkarad qarTveluri elementebis gamoyofa” ([7]. r.
gordeziani, 1999, gv. 49-50).
V
I
.
“2l2mf2”/“2l2mf2ne”/”2l2mf2[r2]n[T]e”/”2[r]C
x2mf2”/”2[ r] Cx2mf2[ r2] n[ T] e” _ 1. berZ.:
Ú; etrusk.: cuniculi _ labirinTi;
gansawmendeli sasaxle, taZari;
megr.: “ol2furinTe”,“ofurinTe”,“dofurinTe”, “dafurinTe”, “doburinTe”,
“daburinTe”; laz.: “dofuTxinu” (<= megr.:
“dofurinua” _ dafrena; ”furini”/”furinua”; afxaz.: áҧырра/“áf2rra” _ frena,
gafrena) _ dasafreni da asafreni adgili
(mag., berZnuli miTidan: dedalosisa da
ikarusis labirinTidan gafrena);
Sead.: megr.: “dofore” <= “[do]forua”
[
_ da]farva; dafareba; damalva;
mikenuri berZ.: A;<f] ldCq [da-pu-ri-tojo po-ti-ni-a]; berZ.: …/Ú
… _ labirinTis dedofali, qalRmerTi, qalbatoni (ariadne?) (ix.: [6]. l.
gordeziani, 2002, gv. 47-54);
Sead.: megr.: “dafurinTeS pat2nia” _
[dasfreni] sasaxlis dedofali,qalbatoni;
megr.: “dafurinTe”,“dofurinTe“,“ofurinTe” _ dasafreni da asafreni adgili;
megr.: “daburinTe” _ daburuli,damaluli,
dafaruli adgili; megr.: “burinTi” _
daburuli, damaluli, dafaruli;
qarT.:
“daburva”,
“daburuli”,
“daburvili” ([57]. r. gordeziani, 2000, gv.
121);
megr.: “pat2nia” _ dedofali,qalRmerTi, qalbatoni; megr.: “pat2ni”/“pateni”/“patoni”; etrusk.: purthni; berZ.: Ú _ batoni; mikenuri berZ.: hs [pa-te]; berZ.: »
_ mama.
2. olimpo;
berZ.: ‹, Ü; Zv. qarT.:
“ulumbo”; megr.: “olumfu” _ olimpo,
mTa saberZneTSi, TesaliaSi (berZ.:
…/… <= Ò/
Ò_ medeas Svili. ix.: diod. sic.,IV
wigni, 54-1, 55-2);
Sead.: “ulumpia” _ moelvare ([11]. sulxan-saba, 1993);
laz.: “[m]ful”, “omfulu” _ damalva;
damarxva; megr.: “fulua” _ [da]malva,
[
da]farva, Cafvla;
megr.: “mfu”, “fu” _ 1. vulkani; 2.
cecxli; 3. duRili; 4. yvavili;
megr.: “2l2”/”ol”/”olu”/”ol2” _
savali; gza; gasasvleli; megr.: “ula” _
svla,wasvla; megr.: “ulu”/”uluu” _ 1. wasula; 2. dauleveli; laz.: “ul”/”ulu” _
siaruli, mgzavroba;
Sead.: indo-evropuli: ulu <= uelu _ triali, brunva;
VII. “Cxofa[2]2r2nena”/“Cxofa[ 2] 2r2nenana” _ gabrwyinebuli/gasxivosnebuli/sxivosani/cxebuli [axali, pirveli,
wmida] dedaRmerTi/sityvaRvTaeba/ enaRvTaeba;
Sead.: megr.: “Cxoria” _ mzis sxivi; mzis
Suqi; megr.: “Cxona”/”Cxana” _ mze; laz.: “Cxofa” _ sicxe, gvalva; mziani; megr.: ”Cxonafa” _ cxoneba; laz.: “Cximolafa”, “cximolafua”, “Sximolafa” _ brwyinva;
Zv. megr.: “2r2n2”, “2r2ne”, “oroni”,
“orone”, “orani”; megr.: “RoronTi” _
RmerTi;
Sead.: “oroni” _ Zegli werilisa ([11].
sulxan-saba, 1993); sveti (ix.: [2]. biblia:
dabad. 28.18-22; 31.13; gamos. 20).
VIII. “a2ab2S2f2” _ aia-Wabukebi;
Zv. megr.: “a2a”/“aY2a”/”aia” _ mzis qveyana
([13]. ak. uruSaZe, 1964, gv. 63, 64); mikenuri
berZ.: qyp [a-wa-ja] _ aia; mikenuri berZ.:
.,A [ko-ki-da], .,S] [ko-ki-de-jo] _ kolxeTi (KN-Sd-4403, KN-So-4430; KN-Fh-5465; s.
hileri); berZ.: ä … ä…
_ aia-kolxeTi ([24]. herodote, I, 2; VII, 193,
197);
“wyaroebidan,aia mxares gulisxmobs da
ara qalaqs! igi kolxeTis uZvelesi saxeli Cans” ([13]. ak. uruSaZe, 1964, gv. 6).
kolx.: “b2S2”; megr.: “boSi”; svan.: “befSU”/”bobS”; ubixuri (afxazur-adiRuri
jgufis enebidan): məzə; daRestnuri jgufis enebidan: andiuri: “voSo”; Tabasaranuli: “biwi” _ biWi;
IX. “ma2Cx2” _ ganmwmedeli/winamZRoli;
Zv. megr.: “ma[r]Cxi” (<= “Cxuala”/”rCxuala” _ recxva) _ ganmwmedeli;
Sead.: “maCxi” _ [Tvali] moTeTro da
mSvenieri ([11]. sulxan-saba, 1991);
X.
“Cxofa[ 2] ma2Cx2”
_
gabrwyinebuli/gasxivosnebuli/sxivosani
ganmwmedeli/winamZRoli;
XI. “neTafaT2”; megr.: “noTe fuTi” _ 1.
naTeli hefestosi; 2. naTeli festosi; 3.
naTeli foTi;
kolx.: “faT2”; megr.: “fuTi”; laz.:
“фaSi”; berZ.: ©, ©; somx.: ‘ov;
[foÁT/fuT] _ foTi;
mikenuri berZ.: hef [pa-i-to]; berZ.:
Ò _ toponimi festosi;
kolx.: “faT2”; megr.: “fuTi” _ 1. vulkanis, cecxlis, duRilis RvTaeba; 2. “fuze”
_ fuZe, pirveli samkvidro;
Sead.: berZ.: Ò _ ostati (?); egvi pt.:
GVÔo [fTh,] _ fuTehi, ostat-RvTaeba,
cecxlis RvTaeba; berZ.: ‹H; rom.:
Vulcanus_ Zv. berZnuli cecxlisa da
xelovnebis RvTaeba; didostati.
megr.: “noTe” _ 1. naTeli; 2. CiraRdani;
kvari; Zv. megr.: “Ta”, “To”, “Te” _ 1. sinaTle; 2. Tvali; laz.: “Te” _ sinaTle; svan.:
“Te” _ Tvali; megr.: “Tanua” _ [ga]Teneba;
megr.: “fu” _ 1. vulkani; 2. cecxli; 3.
duRili; megr.: “funa” _ duRili; megr.:
“funua”, “fuala”, “funafa” _ aduReba;
duRili, duReba;
fasisi
“berZnuli
migvaniSnebs
qarTveluri enebis ganviTarebis im
doneze,rodesac qarTul-zanuri a-s o-Si
gadasvla jer kidev ar iyo momxdari.
Sesabamisad, berZnulSi gmirTa epoqaSi
saxelwodeba jer kidev *faTi formiT
unda Sesuliyo,romelic Semdgom megrul
foTi-Si gadavida” ([7]. r. gordeziani,1999,
gv. 100).
“Zvel egvi ptelTa RvTaebani TiTqmis
erTianad kolxuri Camomavlobisa arian,
finikiurTan da pelasgurTan erTad,
egvi pturi saxelebi da xalxis xasiaTi ki
TviTon Seuqmnes” ([86]. k. i. Sprengeli,1792),
xolo “elladaSi TiTqmis yvela RmerTis
saxeli egvi ptidanaa Semosuli” ([24].
herodote, II, 50).
XII. “neofafal2j2” _ qalRvTaebis,
dedis spilenZis [axali] taZari, Sesakrebeli sasaxle; RmerTTa sakrebulo;
megr.: “ofafali”,“ofafinali” _ bevri
xalxis
revis
adgili;
megr.:
“fafini”/”fafafi”/”fofini” _ bevris erTad moZraoba; svan.: “fafal” _ fafari;
megr.: “linji”; svan.: “spilenZ” _ spilenZi;
“ne mdedrobiTi sqesis aRmniSvneli
mimReobis odesRac qarTulSi arsebuli
formanti yofila” ([22]. iv. javaxiSvili,
1992, gv. 194, 184, 450).
k. kretaze hefestom aaSena spilenZis
bumberazi da didebuli sasaxleebi (ix.:
berZnuli miTebi).
ilori
4 maisi
11
2010
ambebi samegrelodan
xelisuflebam anaklielebs saxnav-saTesi miwebi
ara Tu daukanona, dakanonebulic waarTva
kerZo sakuTrebis xelyofa, romelic saqarTveloSi `vardebis revoluciidan~ daiwyo da Semdeg ramdenime xniT minelda, isev ganaxlda.
zugdidis raionis zRvispira sofel
anakliis mcxovreblebs xelisuflebam
jer saxnav-saTesi farTobebi waarTva,
romliTac isini 30-40 weli sargeblobdnen; mere esec ar akmara da
sakarmidamo miwebze gadavida.
anaklielTa awiokeba mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac saqarTvelos prezidentma
anakliis infrastruqturis Secvla
da iq sakurorto mSeneblobis dawyeba gadawyvita. miwebis ukanonod gayidvisa da kerZo sakuTrebaSi arasworad
gaformeba-gatarebis motiviT daakaves
anakliis yofili gamgebeli Temur efenia, romelic dakavebis periodSi zugdidis samxedro komisrad muSaobda.
Tanamdebobidan gaTavisufldnen sajaro reestris xelmZRvanelebi.
anaklielebma ratomRac daxmarebisTvis saqarTvelos `respublikur
partias~ mimarTes. partiis Tavmjdomare daviT usufaSvili da partiis
erT-erTi lideri levan berZeniSvili
anaklielebs zugdidSi Sexvdnen da
maTi gasaWiro moismines. `anaklielTa
umravlesoba saSinel dReSi CavvardiT.
xelisufleba sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwebs gvarTmevs, gveubnebian Tqveni iyo,
axla Cveniao. sanapirodan naxevari kmis daSorebiT 1700 kv.m miwis nakveTi
gamaCnda, romelic, 20 welia, Cemi
sakuTrebaa. sakuTrebis damadasturebeli yvelanairi sabuTi maqvs. 2008
wlis martSi sajaro reestrSi gavatare. sruliad SemTxveviT gavige, rom
es miwa CemTvis CamourTmeviaT, rodesac
mivakiTxe sajaro reestrs da amonaweri moviTxove, miTxres miwa arasworad iyo gatarebuli da amitomac
CamogerTvaTo,~ _ aRniSna anakliis
mkvidrma qalbatonma eka gviliam.
analogiur
dReSia
mravali
anaklieli. isini anakliis aRmSeneblobis winaaRmdegni ar arian, magram es ar unda xdebodes maTi
kuTvnili qonebis xelyofis xarjze.
`respublikuri partiis~ liderma
daviT usufaSvilma daxmareba da
Tanadgoma aRuTqva anaklielebs. `warsuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinare
xelisuflebam isev daiwyo mosaxleobis dawiokeba _ jer savargulebi
waarTves, axla sakarmidamo miwebs miadgnen. arc Cven varT winaaRmdegi, rom
anaklia keTilmoewyos, magram ara _ Zaladobrivi gziT, aramed _ kanonieri
meTodebiT. yovelnairad SevecdebiT,
davicvaT anaklielTa uflebebi,~ _ aRniSna daviT usufaSvilma.
xelisufleba warTmeuli miwebis
sanacvlod arafers ar sTavazobs
mosaxleobas _ arc fulad kompensacias da arc miwebis gadacvlas. `miwebi
gergebaT, magram ar gergebaT!~ _
cinikurad aRizianeben mosaxleobas.
ase rom, xelisuflebam anaklielebs,
romlebic adre maTTvis savargulebisa
da saxnav-saTesi miwebis (romliTac
isini
wlobiT
sargeblobdnen)
dakanonebas iTxovdnen, is miwebic
waarTva, romlebic dakanonebuli hqondaT. aseTia realoba im qveynisa, romelsac demokratiuli da samarTlebrivi
saxelmwifos aSenebis pretenzia aqvs.
`umaRlesi jildo did
movaleobebs makisrebs~
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,
uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia meorem
SarSan zugdidSi yofnisas saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi jildo _ wmida giorgis oqros ordeni saqarTve-
los eqs-premier-ministr, amJamad sazogadoeba `zugdidelis~ Tavmjdomare baton oTar facacias gadasca.
80 wlis amagdari adamiani amJamad
sazogadoeba `zugdidels~ xelmZRvanelobs. is am sazogadoebas, zugdidelTa daJinebuli TxovniT, ori
welia, rac saTaveSi udgas, magram
bevri sasikeTo ramis gakeTeba moaswro.
`bevr aqtualur sakiTxTan erTad
sazogadoeba, miuxedavad mwiri finansuri resursebisa, mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs saqvemloqmedo saqmianobas, ufro konkretulad Tu vityviT,
sazogadoebis muSa jgufis mier xdeba socialurad daucveli, umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi moqalaqeebis mdgomareobis Seswavla da winadadebebis
momzadeba, maTTvis materialuri daxmarebis gawevis mizniT, aseve SemuSavebulia niWieri moswavleebis,
studentebis, axalgazrda mecnierebisa
da SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis mxardamWeri RonisZiebebi~. _ aRniSna batonma oTar facaciam.
`zugdidelis~ mier aseTi wesiT
muSaobis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda
warCinebuli da gansakuTrebuli niWiT
dajildoebuli zugdidelis, Tbilisis
korservatoriis me-2 kursis studentis
mixeil qirias italiaSi staJirebis
mizniT gagzavnisaTvis Tanxis moZieba.
gasul wels oTx zugdidel students daeniSna yovelTviuri stipendia
100 laris odenobiT. uaRresad SeWirvebul oTx moqalaqes gaewia materialuri da fuladi daxmareba. agvistos
omis dros dazaralebulebs gaewiaT
daxmareba; `zugdidelis~ CareviT korcxelis dedaTa monastris misasvlel gzaze daigo asfalti; zugdidis
sasuliero gimnazias gadaeca xati da
fasiani saCuqari. aseTia is arasruli
CamonaTvali, romlis
gakeTebac
moaswro sazogadoeba `zugdidelma~.
analogiuri saqmianoba momavalSic
gagrZeldeba.
sagadasaxado kodeqsis axal
cvlilebebs mewarme
gakotrebamde mihyavs
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam qarTvel
mewarmeebs
_
gadasaxadis
gadamxdelebs pirveli Tebervlidan
morigi `siurprizi~ SesTavaza, romelic sawarmoebis daketvas an maT
gakotrebas moaswavebs. saqarTvelos
sagadasaxado kodeqsis 97-e da 143-e
muxlebSi Sevida cvlilebebi. kerZod:
sagadasaxado pasuxismgebloba dawesda sasaqonlo zednadebis gareSe
transportirebisTvis. sagadasaxado
samarTaldarRvevad CaiTvleba myidvelis moTxovnisas sasaqonlo zednadebis gaucemloba an saqonlis
SeZenisas sasaqonlo zednadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma. Tu saqonlis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 10000 lars,
mewarmeebi jarimdebian, magram miTiTebuli ar aris jarimis odenoba.
Tumca
pirveli
SemTxvevis
gamovlenidan 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi
qmedebis xelmeored Cadenisas mewarmeebi 5000 lariT dajarimdebian, Semdgomi gamovlenisas 10000 lariT da a.S.
xolo Tu saqonlis sabazro Rirebuleba aRemateba 10000 lars, zednadebis ar qonis SemTxvevaSi mewarmis
mimarT vrceldeba sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgebloba. aseTia mewarmis
dasjis axali meTodebi. xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebis ganmartebiT, es Sesrulebadi moTxovnebia, mewarmeebi ki
ase ar fiqroben. amitomac zugdidelma mewarmeebma gamarTes gamafrTxilebeli saprotesto aqcia. isini solidarobas ucxadeben dedaqalaqel
mewarmeebs, raTa erToblivi ZalisxeviT
uari aTqmevinon xelisuflebas mis
mier SemuSavebul axal cvlilebebze.
maioris gasaWiri
zugdidis raionis sofel odiSis
mkvidr maior qeburias arc wina
xelisufleba swyalobda da arc amJamindeli. Svidi welia, adgilobrivi
mmarTvelobis organoebisagan daxmarebas iTxovs, amagram amaod. adgilobrivma xelisuflebam ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministroSi
gadaamisamarTa, miwebis gankargvis uuflebobis motiviT. saministroSi ki mas
ganucxades, rom zugdidis raionSi miwebis ar arsebobis gamo SeuZliaT
odiSel kacs miwis farTobi miscen
axmetis an lagodexis raionebSi.
amden xvewna-mudarasa da siarulSi,
rac Tanxa gaaCnda, isic Semoexarja
maior qeburias da axla misi imedi mxolod da mxolod saqarTvelos prezidentia. arada, qeburias eqvssuliani
(aqedan oTxi invalidia) ojaxi gausaZlis pirobebSi cxovrobs, amitomac man
werili gaugzavna saqarTvelos prezident mixeil saakaSvils.
`batono prezidento, meramdened
mixdeba Tqveni Sewuxeba da TqvenTan
gancxadebis gamogzavna, vinaidan
xelisuflebis adgilobrivi warmomadgenlebi aranair yuradRebas ar
maqceven, swored amis gamo dRemde vrCebi gamouval mdgomareobaSi. var 71
wlis, Sromis veterani. vcxovrob
sofel odiSSi im adgilas, sadac niadagi gadaadgildeba. amis gamo sacxovrebeli saxli, damxmare nagebobebi
ise dazianda, rom iq cxovreba saxifaToc da SeuZlebelic gaxda. arsebobs
specialistebis daskvna, rom am saxlis
aRdgena da SekeTeba SeuZlebelia.
saWiro gaxda axali sacxovrebeli adgilis SerCeva da axali Senobis aSeneba. aqedan daiwyo Cemi tanjva, mivmarTe
adgilobriv da zemdgom organoebs,
Tanamdebobis pirebs, magram uSedegod. rogorc iqna 2009 wels sofel
odiSSi sxva adgili gamomiyves sacxovreblad, magram miwis is nakveTi,
romelic momces, sxvisi aRmoCnda da
misma patronma masSi 1500 dolari
momTxova. amis SesaZlebloba rom
mqonoda, sxvebs arc Sevawuxebdi. garda miwis nakveTisa, saWiro iyo samSeneblo masala, gamgeobam 100 cali
Siferi, 5 fanjara da 22 cali `dsp~ momca, magram rad ginda! Siferi
dabzaruli da gamousadegaria, xolo
xuTi fanjara sad gamoviyeno, sxvis
saxlSi xom ar Cavdgam?!
batono prezidento! gTxovT, daavaloT adgilobriv xelmZRvanelobas, yuradReba momaqcios da saTanadod
damexmaros,~ _ naTqvamia werilSi.
zviad gamsaxurdias
momxreebi saxelmwifosagan
daxmarebas iTxoven
xobis raionis sofel xibulaSi,
Rurwkaiebis ojaxi, sadac sicocxlis
bolo dReebi gaatara da Semdeg sicocxle
daasrula
saqarTvelos
pirvelma prezidentma zviad gamsaxurdiam, gaZarcvuli da gaCanagebulia.
rogorc ojaxis diasaxlisma ludmila
abSilavam ganacxada, garkveuli mizezebis gamo isini iZulebuli gaxdnen
ojaxi daetovebinaT da TavSesafari
sxvagan moezebnaT.
maT aryofnaSi gaZarcves da daarbies is oTaxi, sadac sicocxle daasrula zviad gamsaxurdiam. maT saxlSi amJamad Txebi da Rorebi binadroben. 6 welze metia es saxli am
madgomareobaSia zugdidelebi, zviad
gamsaxurdias Tayvanismcemlebi saxelmwifosagan daxmarebas iTxoven...
... maT ramdenjerme mimarTes xobis
munici palitetis gamgeobas, romelic
sxvadasxva motivebiT Tavs aridebs
daxmarebas, Tumca Sepirebebi aris.
Tavdapirvelad acxadebdnen, rom es
saxli kerZo sakuTrebaa da Tanxis
gamoyofis ufleba ar gvaqvs. Tu kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro
am saxls kulturuli da istoriuli
memkvidreobia nusxaSi Seitans, SesaZlebeli
gaxdeba
misi
movlapatonobao.
“kulturis
saministrom
uari
ganacxada am saxlis movla-patronobaze da sakiTxis mogvareba xobis munici palitetis gamgeobas daakisra. Cven mivmarTeT gamgebel igor
tyebuCavas, mosaxleobis moTxovnebi da
xelmowerebi
warvudgineT,
maT
gangvicxades, rom saxlis aRdgenisaTvis saWiro Tanxas biujetSi
Casvamdnen. naxevar welze metia, amaod
velodebiT xobis raionis gamgeobidan
danapirebis Sesrulebas” _ ganacxada
iberiul-kavkasiuri da erovnuli
moZraobis aqtiurma wevrma batonma gia
Soniam.
gverdi moamzada
lado qiriam,
qalaqi zugdidi
12
4 maisi
ilori
2010
gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “msoflios didi fexburTelebi”
florian alberti,
mas Semdeg, rac me-19 saukuneSi ingliselebma
aRadgines sportis uZvelesi saxeoba, msoflios yvela qveyanaSi ibadebodnen didi fexburTelebi, romlebic qmnidnen mTel epoqas
da maTi miRwevebi oqros asoebiT iwereboda
planetis sportul istoriaSi. isini gvxiblavdnen Taviani safexburTo saSemsruleblo
ostatobiT. es xdeboda maSin, roca fexburTi
is-is iyo idgamda fexs msoflioSi da jer kidev arsad ar iyo aSenebuli, aramc Tu giganturi, aramed aTasmayurebliani stadionebic
ki. magram swored maTma ostatobam daudo saTave sportis am ulamazes saxeobas, romelsac
dRes lamis mTeli msoflio eTayvaneba. mas
Semdeg uamravi didi fexburTeli moevlina samyaros, magram Cveni rubrika mainc win ayenebs
im didi sportsmenebis xsovnas, romelTac msoflios ganaxlebuli saxiT uZRvnes jer kidev
Cvens welTaRricxvamde didi xniT adre CineTSi Sobili sanaxaobrivi sporti _ fexburTi! male dainteresebul pirTa viwro
wreSi aRiarebuli es sanaxaoba masiur RonisZiebad iqca, ramac warmoqmna Sesabamisi
sportuli bazebis aSenebis aucilebloba.
swored warsulis didi fexburTelebis damsaxurebaa, rom gvaqvs SesaniSnavi sportuli
kompleqsebi “marakana”, “acteka”, “nou kampi”,
“santiago bernabeu”, “luJnikebi”, “olimpiaStadioni”, “hempden parki” da sxva da sxva. swored am sportul “monstrebs” avseben pirTamde
dRevandeli fexburTis “grandebi”, romlebic
mondomebiTa da warmatebiT agrZeleben TavianTi didi winaprebis saqmeebs.
am rubrikiT Cven gagacnobT msoflios fexburTis pionerebsac da im did Tanamedrove
fexburTelebsac, romlebic qmnian msoflio
fexburTis istorias.
iumori
* * *
_ ratom aqvT somxebs didi
cxviri?
_ imitom, rom haeri ufasoa!
* * *
_ ra gansxvavebaa kapitalizmsa da socializms Soris?
_ kapitalizmis dros adamiani adamianisTvis mgelia,
socializmis dros ki _ amxanagi mgeli.
* * *
pirvelklaseli mixo gabrazebuli brundeba saxlSi,
CanTas agdebs da ambobs:
_ me xval skolaSi ar waval!
_ raTa, Svilo? _ ekiTxeba
deda.
_ raTa da, maswavlebelma
gviTxra, dRes “ai ia” iswavleT
da xvale kide TiTi unda mogceT bolomdeo...
* * *
patruli ekiTxeba mTvral
mZRols:
_ rogor dajeqi aseTi
mTvrali saWesTan?
_ Zmakacebi damexmarnen.
* * *
_ Zama, Sen guruli xar?
_ ki, mara vmkurnalob!
daibada 1941 wlis 15 seqtembers ungreTSi.
TamaSobda “ferencvaroSSi”.
florian albertis varskvlavi maSin amobrwyinda msoflio fexburTis ciskidurze, roca sabolood daiSala ungreTis “didi gundi”, romelic
bedis ukuRmarTobis gamo ver gaxda msoflio Cempioni meoce saukunis 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi.
florian alberti ungreli fermeris ojaxis
Svili iyo, romelic jer kidev misi bavSvobis dros
gadasaxlda budapeStSi. “ferencvaroSis” bavSvTa
gundis mwvrTnelebma maSinve daafiqsires fexburTis niWi am kafandara bavSvSi, rogorc ki igi
fexburTis moedanze gamovida. rogorc ki, 17 wlis
asakSi, florianma saSualo skolis bolo damamTavrebeli gamocda Caabara, meore dRes gamoiyvanes
ungreTis safexburTo nakrebis SemadgenlobaSi Sveciis gundis winaaRmdeg, es matCi budapeStSi
Sedga da ungrelebma 3:2 gaimarjves. alberti centralur Tavdamsxmelad TamaSobda da sakmao
wvlili Seitana Tavisi gundis gamarjvebaSi.
floriani samgzis gaxda ungreTis safexburTo
Cempionatis saukeTeso bombardiri da “ferencvaroSis” SemadgenlobaSi oTxjer moi pova ungreTis
Cempionis tituli. magram yvelaze dasamaxsovrebeli gaxldaT inglisSi gamarTul msoflio Cempionatze, 1966 wels, braziliis nakrebis winaaRmdeg Catarebuli matCi, romelSic ungrelebma angariSiT 3:1 gaimarjves. momdevno wels florian
alberti dasaxelebuli iqna evropis kontinentis
saukeTeso fexburTelad.
aivor olCerCi
daibada 1919 wlis 16 oqtombers, uelsSi.
TamaSobda uelsis “suonsSi”, da “kardifSi” da
inglisis “niukaslSi”.
es gaxldaT tanmaRali, SesaniSnavi sportuli aRnagobis mqone eleganturi pirovneba, romelic fexburTis moedanze gamoirCeoda sportis am saxeobisadmi SemoqmedebiTi midgomiTa da improvizaciis
saocari unariT. misi TamaSis Sedegidan gamomdinare, adamiani ifiqrebda, rom aivori bombardirad
daibada...
SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom fexburTis samyaroSi mas
gulbaaT
(baCuki)
kobaxiZis
mogoneba
ukve erTi weli gavida, rac unaneblad
dagvtove, Cveno saamayo, devgmiro Svilo,
gulbaaT!
wels 36 wlisa unda gamxdariyavi, magram, samwuxarod, mxolod 35 weli ikmare.
danarCeni asaki Cven dagvitove, vaebad da
gamwarebul sved.
dedamiwa aCqarda wamis memilionediTo _ Svilo! CvenTvis igi milionjer
aris aCqarebuli, radgan Tvalis daxamxamebaSi miilia erTi weli Seni tragikulad daRupvis dRidan.
TiTqos Senze uTqvams poets:
vai, rogor menaneba siWabuke damqrali,
damarxuli imedebi, moumkeli samkali...
Sen drois am mcire monakveTSi ise
icxovre, rom Sens gamo ar dagvWirdeba
sircxvilisgan Tavis daxra. yvelgan kacuri kacis, sikeTisa da siyvarulis
kvali dastove. ar gveguleba dedamiwis
zurgze adamiani, vinc augad mogixseniebs.
adamianebisadmi pativiscema did sixaruls ganiWebda, amitomac sevdianad axsovxar yvelas da, Cvens msgavsad, arc maT
ganelebiaT Seni tragikuli aRsasruliT
moZalebuli mwuxareba.
Sengan Seni momRimaresaxiani suraTebis
redaqciis misamarTia:
977198796009
avtorebs ekisrebaT
pasuxismgebloba faqtebisa da
monacemebis sizusteze
Tbilisi,
zandukelis quCa #1
sareg.#01018002930
“oqros biWunas” uwodebdnen, radgan swored misi
damsaxureba gaxldaT im gundebis mier mopovebuli
mravali oqros trofei, sadac aivori TamaSobda.
magram, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mas bedi aSkarad ar
swyalobda. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi 16 weli TamaSobda uelsis nakrebSi da sakmaod rezonul warmatebasac miaRwia 1958 wlis msoflio Cempionatze,
aivors mainc meorexarisxovan safexburTo klubebSi uwevda jafa. uelsis nakrebis Semadgenlobis mier gamarTul 68 matCSi man 32 goli gaitana,
rac araa cudi maCvenebeli, mTeli Tavisi safexburTo karieris ganmavlobaSi ki aivoris angariSzea 251 gatanili goli, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom igi WeSmariti bombardiri iyo.
misi es rekordebi TiTqmis meoce saukunis oTxmocdaaTian wlebamde iyo ZalaSi.
luiji alemandi
daibada 1903 wlis 13 ivliss italiaSi.
TamaSobda “iuventusSi”, “intersa” da “romaSi”.
luiji marcxena flangze idga mcvelad da lamis gadaulaxav zRudes uqmnida mowinaaRmdege gundis fexburTelebs. pirvel da meore msoflio
omebs Soris italiur fexburTSi vinme Tu gautoldeba luiji alemands TamaSis stiliTa da
sportuli mondomebiT. igi 25 weli edga darajad
sakuTar gunds albaT kidev did xans iTamaSebda
mayurebelTa gulebis gasaxarad. rom ara, italiaSi
agorebuli, garigebul matCebTan dakavSirebuli
didi skandali. liuji alemandos bralad wauyenes,
rom 1927 wels man “torinos” xelmZRvanelobisagan didi raodenobis qrTami aiRo matCis Sedegis
gasayalbeblad. miuxedavad imisa, rom alemandi ukve
saxelganTqmuli fexburTeli iyo, mas mainc samudamo diskvalifikacia miesaja, magram ori wlis Semdeg “interis” xelmZRvanelobam komisias didi brZolis Semdeg gaauqmebina es gadawyvetileba. 1929
wels alemandi kvlav dabrunda italiis nakrebis
SemadgenlobaSi da iTamaSa Cexoslovakiis nakrebis winaaRmdeg.
1934 wels alemandim, italiis nakrebis SemadgenlobaSi, fexburTSi msoflio Cempionis tituli
moi pova.
meti aRaraferi dagvrCa, Svilo. kvlav
Sens suraTTan unda davanToT sanTlebi
da ase aRvniSnoT Seni imqveyniur saqarTveloSi gadanacvlebis dRe. tkbil
mogonebad dagvrCa yvelaferi SenTan
dakavSirebuli, Seni buxuna xma da
omaxiani SeZaxili gvaklia mxolod da Zalian gvenatreba...
dRe ar gava, rom Sens saflavs zedaSe
ar daapkuron biWebma, romelTac saSinlad
enatrebiT da Seni daRupva jer kidev sizmari hgoniaT. aravin Tqvas, dro yvelafris
mkurnaliao, rac ufro gadis dro, miT
ufro enatrebi Sens frTamotexil Zmebs,
Sens saficar ZmisSvilebs, patara maritas,
Sen rom xumrobiT “yurcqvitas” eZaxdi.
samsaxuris erTguli iyavi, sul Cqarobdi,
rom saqmec mogeswro da megobar-axloblebisTvisac pativiscemis dro dagrCenoda. Seni daRupvis Semdeg ki CvenTvis
dro gaCerda, aRaraferi gvainteresebs,
Sens garda veraferze da veravize vfiqrobT, Svilo.
Seni daRupvidan erTi weliwadic ki
ver moiTia Senze dardiT guldamZimebulma sawyalma bebiam da unaneblad wamovida SenTan. iq mainc mogivlis da gipatronebs!
sacodavi sanaxavebi varT yvelani, mzis
gulze adgili ver gvi povnia, Senma Zebnam
dagvqanca da sasicocxlo Zala gamogvacala...
axla mxolod imis imedad varT, rom
sizmarSi mainc gixiloT xolme. Senze
dardi rom mogveZaleba, Sens loginze wamovwvebiT da Seni sabniT viTbobT guls.
sul gvinda vikiTxoT: ratom? magram, Sen
aRara gvyavxar da vis vkiTxoT, Tu ratom
dagvatyda Tavs esoden didi ubedureba?
giorgi jalaRania
axlac movalT Sens saflavze, sadac
lamis dRemudam vdgavarT da cremlad
viRvrebiT Sens molodinSi. sanTlebs daginTebT. dae, am sanTlebma gaginaTos gza
maradiul sasufevelSi!
mxolod Cvenma axloblebma da maRalma
RmerTma ician, raoden didi sawuxari gvixravs sulsa da guls, Cveno dardad
qceulo Svilo...
lamazad gascildi am wuTisofels _
Sens Tavze miiRe sasikvdilo dartyma, biWebi ki ueWvel sikvdils gadaarCine!
Seni es ukanaskneli vaJkacobaRa dagvrCa saamayod da gulis mosaoxeblad!
axla mxolod imiT vsuldgmulobT,
rom male SegxvdebiT, Svilo, baCuki!
mTavari redaqtori: roland jalaRania
mT. redaqtoris moadgile: daviT qobalia
teqnikuri redaqtori: mixeil CodriSvili
gazeTis menejeri: zurab qobalia
Seni gamwarebuli mSoblebi
www ilori.ge
e-mail:elisabetthal@yahoo.de
reklamis ganTavseba
899-57-33-22
893-51-01-71
899-34-37-27