playbook baseball pitching

Transcription

PLAYBOOK
BASEBALL
PITCHING
Het talentenprogramma wordt ondersteund door:
Meerjaren Opleidingsplan 2009-2012
1
1 februari 2009
Koninklijke Nederlandse Baseball en Softball Bond
PLAYBOOK BASEBALL PITCHING
2
Inhoudsopgave
Pitching Mechanics: Foundation for Success.....................................................................................5
I.
Goal .................................................................................................................................................................................5
II.
Essence of the Delivery .................................................................................................................................................5
III.
Arm Actions ....................................................................................................................................................................5
IV.
Arm Slots ........................................................................................................................................................................6
Four Step Plan for Consistent Mechanics ............................................................................................7
I.
Lift and Load ...................................................................................................................................................................7
II.
Lunge and Shift – A) Lower Body Mechanics ..............................................................................................................7
III.
Lunge and Shift – B) Upper Body Mechanics ..............................................................................................................8
IV.
Twist and Whip ...............................................................................................................................................................9
V.
Finish – Flat Back .........................................................................................................................................................10
Mechanics.............................................................................................................................................12
I.
Key Mechanical Points.................................................................................................................................................12
II.
Problems and solutions...............................................................................................................................................12
III.
Control Adjustments ....................................................................................................................................................13
Pre-Pitch Routine .................................................................................................................................14
The Pitches ...........................................................................................................................................15
I.
Fastball..........................................................................................................................................................................15
II.
Change-up.....................................................................................................................................................................15
III.
Curveball .......................................................................................................................................................................15
IV.
Slider .............................................................................................................................................................................15
V.
Split Finger....................................................................................................................................................................16
VI.
Pitch Usage ...................................................................................................................................................................16
Strategy.................................................................................................................................................17
I.
Types of Pitchers..........................................................................................................................................................17
II.
Pitching Terminology...................................................................................................................................................17
III.
Pitchers Adjustments...................................................................................................................................................17
IV.
Basic Approach Pitching .............................................................................................................................................18
V.
Simple Pitching Plan ....................................................................................................................................................18
VI.
Where to pitch and how to set up ...............................................................................................................................19
VII.
Command and Controlling the Strike Zone................................................................................................................20
Holding Runners ..................................................................................................................................22
I.
Holding Runners Series...............................................................................................................................................22
The Development Progression ............................................................................................................24
I.
AA Level ........................................................................................................................................................................24
II.
AAA Level: ....................................................................................................................................................................24
III.
Senior Team ..................................................................................................................................................................25
General Expectations of Pitching Coaches ........................................................................................26
I.
Be Organized ................................................................................................................................................................26
II.
Be Available ..................................................................................................................................................................26
III.
Be Flexible ....................................................................................................................................................................26
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IV.
Video Work....................................................................................................................................................................26
V.
Charting and Game Reporting.....................................................................................................................................26
Suggesties tot verbetering van inhoud of bruikbaarheid zullen in dank worden vernomen. Niets uit het
playbook mag worden gekopieerd zonder bronvermelding.
Robert Eenhoorn, Brian Farley en Gijs Selderijk – gijs.selderijk@knbsb.nl
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Pitching Mechanics: Foundation for Success
I.
Goal
To create a smooth, effortless motion using the natural arm slot of the pitcher resulting in a delivery that
can be repeated on each and every pitch.
II.
Essence of the Delivery
A. Pitching mechanics is about getting from the back leg to the front leg without jumping in order
to land in a balanced and stable position so that we can rotate on top of our front leg and
then rotate and flex our trunk out and over our front knee into ball release.
B. Velocity is created by the polymeric effect of stored elastic energy of the muscles, tendons
and ligaments.
C. Pitching velocity is much more the result of linear forces, moving the body in a sideways
fashion toward the target, rather than rotational forces. Focus on moving the body straight
ahead and the rotational aspects will take care of themselves.
III.
Arm Actions
A. Difficult to influence as the player gets older.
B. Types of arm action:
1. Slingers
2. Inverted W
3. Long arm
4. Short arm
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IV.
Arm Slots
A. Types of arm slots
1. Over the top
2. 3/4
3. Side arm
4. Submarine
B. Arm Slots effect the types of pitches that can be thrown:
1. Over the top to 3/4 – FB, Cut, Sink, CH, CB, SL, Split, Knuckle CB, Palm and
Knuckleball
2. L 3/4 to Sidearm – FB, Cut, Sink, CH, Knuckle CB, SL, Split and Knuckleball
3. L SA to submarine – FB, Cut, Sink, CH, SL and Knuckleball
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Four Step Plan for Consistent Mechanics
I.
Lift and Load
A. Responsible for balance, direction and tempo.
B. Head remains over belly button throughout.
C. Posting foot must remain parallel with the rubber until weight gets transferred as pitcher
lunges toward landing. Premature rotation of back foot will lead to early hip rotation and
therefore a loss of power.
D. Pitcher lifts leg while shifting his weight over his posting leg.
E. Stay tall: posting leg remains slightly flexed but does not collapse.
F. One rhythmic motion, without hesitation or stopping.
G. Tempo not too slow or too fast, just enough to get the energy flowing.
H. Tall upper body with hands in area of waist.
I.
Back pocket facing the hitter.
J.
Shoulders directed towards target.
K. Head tracking target.
L.
II.
Clemens at Lift and Load
Lunge and Shift – A) Lower Body Mechanics
A. Primary power creator!!
B. This is a sideways movement!!! Keep lead hip oriented towards catcher as long as possible.
C. Leading with the hip and heel.
D. Lunge is 85-90% of body length. Approximately 5½ foot lengths.
E. The Lunge is created using the hip abductors and inside thigh adductor. We wish to create a
full stretch of these muscles so that we can then convert that stretch into power at landing.
F. Land with toe closed at 10% and knee bent at approximately 60% directly in line with instep
of back foot.
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G. Maintain center of gravity by keeping nose on the imaginary line drawn from ground up
through pitcher’s bellybutton or slightly behind it.
H. Weight shifts from back leg to front with soft heel to toe or flat foot landing.
I.
III.
Weight on front leg must be balanced with knee over or inside of ankle.
Lunge and Shift – B) Upper Body Mechanics
A. Just like a “jumping jack”. Stop at shoulder level and feel the pinching of the shoulder blades
(Scapular loading). This allows the humerus (upper arm bone) to rotate smoothly within the
shoulder socket.
B. “Thumbs to thighs and elbows to the sky!”
C. Lead elbow guides and is a mirror to the back elbow.
D. Throwing arm goes back and around flexing at the elbow as it comes up.
E. Arm in High Cock position and ready to deliver the ball at “footfall”.
F. The Critical Timing Trigger: ….the point at which the hands and front leg start down from
their highest point is when front hip needs to lunge away from the back leg.
1. Front leg and hands start down
2. Front hip drives off of the back leg
3. …. then hands break!
This will result in the lower body helping to speed up the hands.
G. Photos of Initial Phase of Lunge and Shift
H. Photos of Lunge and Shift just before “Footfall”
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I.
Photo of Lunge and Shift at “Footfall”
J.
Some examples of Scapular Loading
K. Photo of Transition from Lunge and Shift to Twist and Whip
IV.
Twist and Whip
A. The lunge puts the body into one big stretch like a huge rubber band. Hips and inner thighs
are lengthening and stretching out more and more as pitcher approaches landing.
B. Upon landing we transfer that energy up the legs to the core then across the trunk right up to
the arm and convert it all to arm speed.
C. All about firing the back side in sequence!
D. This takes place in a “corkscrew” type action.
E. Begins with back side heel “peeling” up and back knee turning in and pointing at target.
F. Extension and twisting of back leg is what powers the pelvis to rotate.
G. Slight drag on back foot is good as this maintains direction.
H. Back knee leads to hip rotation which will then lead to trunk rotation bringing the arm through
like a whip!
I.
Glove hand acts isometrically to provide additional torque (Glove and elbow to hip or chest to
glove).
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J.
Chest remains extended as long as possible before “slamming” forward completing the
transfer of energy from the back to the front side.
K. Photos of Twist of Whip
L.
Ryan’s Express at Twist and Whip!
M. Beckett’s Twist and Whip Transition into Flat Back Finish
V.
Finish – Flat Back
A. Absolutely crucial for protecting the arm from injury. Most injuries occur through poor
deceleration.
B. Throwing arm shoulder should be pointing towards target.
C. Arm will end up on outside of opposite leg.
D. Eyes are on target with glove in front or next to hip for fielding.
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E. Maddox at Release to Finish
F. Santana and Beckett at Finish
G. Berkman and Boyd at Finish
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Mechanics
I.
Key Mechanical Points
A. Make sure weight is loaded over the back leg before the pitcher starts forward.
B. Stay tall with good “straight back” posture over a firm posting leg, a collapsing leg may
indicate the pitcher is staying over the posting leg too long or has poor core strength. Chin
stays over bellybutton
C. As the leg starts down from its highest point, start to drive the front hip off of the back leg.
(As if an imaginary “little man” pushes the pitcher’s back hip towards the target allowing him
to get off the back leg quickly.
D. Break hands between chest and bellybutton swinging the hand down, back and up and then
use the lead elbow as a site to target.
E. Drive the front hip sideways at the target. The hip leads the front shoulder, the knee leads
the hip and the foot leads the knee into stride.
F. Use a long stride (85-90% of your height) to land on a flexed leg and keep leg flexed until ball
release (landing on a stiff front leg indicates a short stride.) Knee must brace up and not drift
forward. 10-12 year olds may stride less, 80-85%.
G. Make certain that the pitcher lands with his foot slightly angled within 2-5 cm’s of the midline
drawn from the ball of the back foot right through home plate.
H. Upon landing the head should be over the bellybutton and the back foot should peel away
from the mound so that the back leg extends to drive the back hip around to the front. The
back foot toe stays in contact with the mound until ball release to increase stability and
control.
II.
I.
The trunk must turn before the head comes forward. Stop the lead elbow or glove at the
opposite hip.
J.
The trunk flexes forward into a flat back finish.
Problems and solutions
PROBLEM
SOLUTION
Rushing the motion – Front shoulder moves out first
which gets the body ahead of the arm.
Lead with the front hip
Back leg collapses – or back knee starts to turn down
and in toward the ground before the pitcher moves off
of the back leg
Once the weight is loaded over the back left, the pitcher
gets off of the back leg by leading with his hip going
sideways toward his target.
Front foot starts to turn early toward the plate just as
the pitcher starts into his stride.
The pitcher is not moving sideways all the way through his
lunge off of the back leg. His hip is opening too soon.
Hand break too high - Going straight back instead of
swinging down, back and up in a circle.
Break hands in the center of the body between the chest
and bellybutton and swing down like a pendulum.
Lands on a stiff front leg – fFront leg starts to
straighten as the pitcher is rotating.
The stride is too short – lengthen the stride by moving off
of the back leg by leading with the front hip.
Arm gets up to the high cocked position too early –
Arm has to wait or hand comes in toward the head.
Arm circle is too short or lower body is moving out too
slowly – drive the front hip forward.
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Arm get up to high cocked position too late – At
“footfall “the arm is not ready to deliver the pitch.
Arms are separating too high or lower body is not driving
towards the plate explosively. See critical timing trigger
above.
Changeup not slow enough – Only 5-6 mph off of
fastball instead of desired 10-12 mph.
Grip is too tight – loosen grip, or tuck ball back deeper in
the hand.
III.
Control Adjustments
Here are some simple control adjustments for lack of fastball command.
A. Wild High - the body is ahead of the arm – likely to be caused by poor weight transfer and or
early rotation. Lead with the front hip and keep the nose over the bellybutton until landing.
B. Wild Low - under striding or arm circle is too short. Lengthen the stride by leading with the
hip or swing the arm more down and back.
C. Wild Inside (same arm hitters) - throwing across the body – landing too closed or opening
the front shoulder too early. Lead with the hip at the catcher’s glove and lead with the elbow
using it as a site.
D. Wild Outside (same arm hitters) - poor balance – trunk is leaning. Poor finger placement on
the ball. Thumb must dissect the fingers.
E. Loss of Velocity – rushing the motion, gripping the ball too tightly, lack of hip/trunk rotation,
landing on a stiff front leg, overthrowing, poor timing in mechanics (arm getting up too early),
poor weight shift, trying to aim pitches.
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Pre-Pitch Routine
To be used during all bullpens and during games.
We know that one of the keys to being successful as a pitcher is to be relaxed and to be focused before
each pitch. But we must make this a habit!
We also know that in order to be successful on the mound we must have command of our pitches. Your
pre-pitch routine helps make this happen. Why? Because energy follows intention! In other word when
you focus so deeply on making something happen, your intention creates the desired action. It’s a
pitcher’s lack of focus and poor negative self-talk that creates bad innings and bad games.
So before each pitch use this same type of a pre-pitch routine and see if it doesn’t help you be far more
effective.
Step 1: Get the sign from the catcher
Step 2: Focus on pitch location and say it to yourself, for example – “fastball low and away”. Lock it in!
Step 3: Breath in and blow it out!
Step 4: Trust that pitch – commit!
Step 5: Make the pitch – hit the glove
Stay loose and relaxed. Look and feel confident! Hat pulled down and head up. Focus on the routine not
the results!
And don’t forget to concentrate on your in between innings adjustments. It might be that you can’t get the
feel of your breaking ball or change up. Throw three of them during your next warm up. Perhaps you
need to lead with your hip or shift your weight better. Don’t waste these in between innings adjustments.
Over the course of the season they really add up, so use them all.
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The Pitches
“Hitting is timing and pitching is disrupting that timing”- Sandy Koufax. This is why the pitcher’s ability to
throw and assortment of pitches at different speeds to different locations for strikes is so important.
I.
Fastball
A. The fastball is now and will always be the best and most important pitch in the game. It is
also the first pitch in our teaching progression. The most successful pitchers in the game
today are those who can throw the fastball with command, movement and deception. This
allows them to pitch ahead in the count more consistently.
B. There are two types of fastballs:
1. The four-seam fastball is held across the seams. This is the easiest pitch to control and
should be the first pitch that is taught. Suring the early stages of a pitcher’s development,
we must stress the use of the four seam fastball.
2. The two seam fastball is held with the seams. It usually has more movement than the
four seam fastball and is more difficult to control. The two seam fastball requires
experimenting with the finger pressure as a means to make the ball sink. We should take
a case by case approach to teaching the two seam fastball depending on the age of the
pitcher, his command, velocity and the quality of his pitches.
II.
Change-up
A. We believe that the change up is the second most important pitch to a young pitcher. The
idea of the change up is to throw it with the exact same arm speed and delivery as the
fastball. The purpose of the pitch is to disrupt the hitter’s timing.
B. There are several different grips that can be used for the change up. The most important
thing is to experiment and come up with a grip that is comfortable for the pitcher. This is a
“feel “pitch. The pitcher should be encouraged to practice the grip on the pitch while warming
up as part of the throwing program.
III.
Curveball
A. The curveball is the third pitch in the development progression. It is important that the pitcher
first focus on locating his FB down in the zone and to both sides of the plate and developing
a feel for the change up before concentrating on the curveball.
B. The curveball is thrown with the fingers on top of the ball and should come out of the hand
with the four seams rotation forward. The speed of the rotation of the ball is more important
than the velocity of the pitch. The pitcher should feel as if he is pulling the front side of the
ball straight down to create the desired spin. It is important that the elbow remains shoulder
high during the release in order to produce the desired downward movement on the pitch.
IV.
Slider
A. We will not teach the slider to AA and AAA pitchers. This is a Senior team pitch developed
once body growth and arm development are strong enough to handle the load this pitch
places on the arm. The slider is a harder pitch to master and places more strain on the arm
than the curveball. If a pitcher is unable over time to perfect the curveball, the slider will then
be introduced as an option. It is very important that each of us as pitching coaches
understand how to teach the slider. Specifically, the pitcher needs to have built up
considerable strength and be will into their season conditioning before introducing this pitch.
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V.
Split Finger
A. We will not teach the split finger to AA or AAA pitchers. This is a Senior team pitch
developed once body growth and arm development are strong enough to handle the load this
pitch places on the arm. If a Senior pitcher is unable to perfect a changeup, or reaches a
point in their career when they need another weapon to have success, the split may be
introduced as an option.
VI.
Pitch Usage
A. For AA and AAA level pitchers we suggest the following guidelines in terms of pitch usage:
1. Fastball (70%)
2. Change-up (15%)
3. Curveball (15%)
4. Adjust at higher levels of system based on strength of pitcher and opposition.
5. Adjust if pitcher uses split finger, slider etc….
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Strategy
Attacking the Hitter or The Art of Pitching or The Plan
I.
Types of Pitchers
A. There are only three types of pitchers:
1. Those that allow contact
2. Those that avoid contact
3. Those that force contact.
B. Pitching is about forcing the hitter to make contact with our pitches. We want them to hit our
pitch in a difficult location putting the ball in play and allowing our defense to play. With this
approach you will get ahead of hitters reducing their effectiveness. You will keep your pitch
counts low allowing you to pitch later into the game and you will keep your defense sharp
and expecting the ball.
II.
Pitching Terminology
A. Pitch Forward: Go after the hitter aggressively with the fastball, then the breaking ball when
ahead of the hitter. Throw mainly fastballs when behind in the count.
B. Pitching Backward: Go after the hitter with the off speed pitches as the main attack; show
the fastball to keep the hitter honest. Throw lots of off-speed pitches when behind in the
count.
C. Pitch Inside: Go away or off speed early in the at bat, looking to jam or strike out the hitter
inside with velocity or by running the fastball in.
D. Spot Pitch Away: Establish pitches low and away with consistency and make the hitter have
to go out and deal with pitches that are away from his strength.
E. Pitch up the Ladder: Once the hitter indicates he will chase the high fastball, elevate the
fastball and exploit that weakness.
F. Pitch below the zone: Throw low strikes and then go lower to make the hitter expand his
zone downward.
G. Pitch around the hitter: Go after the hitter aggressively, without giving in or making a
mistake pitch over the plate – not pitching to him but giving him the impression that you are
pitching around him so that he may chase marginal pitches. Usually all the pitches are on the
corner or just off the plate.
III.
Pitchers Adjustments
A. The key to a pitching plan is the ability to make adjustments during and throughout the game.
Do you have the ability to make an adjustment during the game or in the middle of an inning?
Or at the end of an inning?
B. Can you recognize when the hitter has made an adjustment to your stuff, of your pitching
pattern? (Example: Hitter takes a quality 1-0 changeup just low when he has been chasing
them earlier on, or a hitter takes a fastball over the plate and then has a good swing at the
out pitch because he has figured out which pitch you prefers to go to get hitters out)?
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C. Can you recognize when the hitter is set up for the changeup? Has he just fouled the fastball
straight back or pulled it down the line hard?
D. Are you able to think about these various styles and situations before each appearance?
Opposing teams may have a wide variety of hitting styles throughout their lineup. Can you
execute a pitching plan that carries you through a game or a season?
E. Do you look for these situations and attempt to execute them or do you have only one style
of pitching? If you have only one style is it strong enough to be successful for a career or will
you have to make some quick adjustments to make sure your success is not short lived?
F. The following information is a reference guide for getting hitters out. It is impossible to
provide all of the answers in this manual because each situation in a game brings with it
different challenges and it is up to the pitcher (with support from the catcher and pitching
coach) to adjust to those challenges. However, the more our pitching coaches understand
the basics of setting up and getting hitters out, the easier it will be for them to assist pitchers
and catchers to make those adjustments come game time.
IV.
Basic Approach Pitching
A. Stick with a pitchers strengths over a hitters weakness: FB pitcher versus FB hitter; don’t
lose with your second or third best pitch.
B. Know the pitchers strike pitch or pitches that game, ground ball pitch for a DP; how to finish
off hitters when in position of advantage.
V.
Simple Pitching Plan
A. Throw one of the first two pitches for a strike:
1. First ball hitters: Knock off the plate or pitch backwards.
2. Free pitches are 0-0, 0-1, 0-2. Free pitch means opportunity to expand the zone and let
the hitter get himself out by either a swing and miss or making poor contact on a ball out
of the strike zone.
B. Pay close attention to the 1-1 pitch!
1. Throw your best pitch to your best location. This is challenging the hitter.
2. Strike pitch or pitches, no third best pitch.
3. 1-2 = .180 BA or 2-1 = .320. A 140 point difference. Need we say more!?
4. If you can throw two types of pitches for strikes on even counts and 3-2 then you are a
big league pitcher.
C. If 1-1 pitch is a strike then it is time to Tilt (up and in, low and away) 4 ways to finish hitters:
1. Single: Put hitter away with one pitch (power pitch or trick pitch).
2. Double: Tilting two pitches in combination to put hitters away. Go in to finish off away.
(FB up and in, slider down and away. FB up and in, change up low and away).
3. Reversal: Go away to finish in. Slider low and away, FB in, the opposite of Double.
4. Repeat: Throwing two pitches in the same location. FB up/in; FB up/in. Slider away; FB
away, etc.
5. 2-2 & 3-2 counts – Whatever you call on 2-2 you should be comfortable to call on 3-2.
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D. Sequencing Pitches:
1. [In – in – out], [Out – out – in], [Hard – hard – soft], [Soft – soft – hard].
2. You must be able to pitch in and out because hitters cannot make 17” adjustments.
3. No hitter can cover the whole plate if you can get him looking in or out. In order to do
this, throw two consecutive pitches in one location then go to the other side of the plate.
E. This is a framework; there are game situations and game awareness instincts that may
require you to be flexible. If you strongly disagree with your pitcher about a pitch in a game
situation, call time and talk to the pitcher. Don’t assume! Remember it is his ballgame!
VI.
Where to pitch and how to set up
A. Pitchers must develop a foundation for how they are going to attack hitters (according to a
pitchers strengths). A successful pitcher also develops an understanding of what the hitter is
doing (swing paths, approach and tendencies) and is able to adjust his game plan
accordingly. The following diagram is a good reference for attacking certain hitting styles.
Hitters Habits
Where to throw him
How to set him up
Hands held high – slow bat
Pitch low and in
Miss low and away
Hands hidden from pitcher
Pitch low and in under hands
Miss low and away
Long stride
High fastballs: changeup away
Jam inside
Short stride
Pitch outside
Jam inside with fastball
Open stance
Outside Fastballs; BB’s away
Jam inside with fastball
Closed stance
Fastball inside; BB’s down
Pitch high and away, BB’s
Lunge hitter
High Fastball, BB’s down
Jam high and tight, expand away
Front foot hitter
Pitch low and away
Expand inside
Hitch in swing
High and tight Fastball
Expand with off speed
Bucket stepper
Breaking balls away
Expand in with fastball; fastball low
and away
Steps into the Ball
Fastball In
Breaking Ball Away
Guess Hitter
Mix sequences per AB
Shake off signs: mix
Pull Hitter
Fastball away/Off speed away
Miss inside
Slow Bat
Fastball Inside
Miss low and away
Low ball hitter (golf swing)
Pitch up and in
Miss low and away
Stands deep in box and close to
the plate
Pitch low and away
Miss inside
Stands away from plate; steps
towards mound
Pitches on outside half
Miss inside
Stands away from plate; steps
toward plate
Pitch inside
Miss away
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B. Curveball - Curveballs are usually thrown at a variety of speeds and are very effective if they
are thrown knee high. A good curve ball does not necessarily have to be a strike to be
effective; however, the curveball should be thrown with the intention of being a strike or down
and under the strike zone.
Favorable Situations to Call Curveball
Unfavorable Situations to Call Curveball
When a hitter is looking for a fastball
When a hitter has a slow bat
When a hitter is pulling off the ball
When a hitter goes to the opposite field well
When the pitcher is ahead in the count
When a hitter is overmatched by the fastball
When the hitter is a first pitch fastball hitter
When there is a left handed hitter at the plate with
a man on second and no outs
To a left handed hitter who hits to the opposite field
When it is a definite steal situation
When it is the out pitch of the pitcher with two
strikes
When pitcher has limited command of pitch and is
behind in the count.
C. Change-Up - The best pitch to upset the timing of the hitter and is much easier to control
than the breaking ball. Location should be down and away mostly and the arm action should
duplicate that of the fastball.
Favorable Situations to Call Change-up
Unfavorable Situations to Call Change-up
When the hitter wants to pull the ball
When the pitcher is ahead in the count
When the hitter takes a big stride
When a pitcher has two strikes on hitter
When the hitter pulls off of the fastball
When the hitter likes to hit to opposite field
When the hitter steps in the bucket
When there is a weak hitter at the plate
When the hitter has just pulled a fastball foul
No outs, runner at second versus LHH
When the hitter is a first pitch fastball hitter
No outs, runner on first base versus LHH
When the pitcher is behind in the count
One out, runner on first base versus LHH
When you are trying to set up the fastball
VII.
Command and Controlling the Strike Zone
The most important factor in determining individual and team pitching success is command of the strike
zone. The ability to throw strike one, pitch ahead in the count and record early count outs greatly
improves the overall success of the individual pitcher and team. The following demonstrates the
importance of throwing strikes and pitching ahead.
As the game continues to evolve, many organizations are stressing to their hitters the importance of
being patient and waiting for a good pitch to hit. If anything, it will become even more important in the
coming years to be able to command the strike zone and pitch ahead in the count.
While working with pitchers at the junior and senior levels it will be helpful to show them the following
information to help drive home the importance of pitching ahead in the count.
These statistics are taken from the 2008 Major League Baseball season.
A. The 0-0 Count “Window of Opportunity” - The most important pitch in the game is the first
pitch of the AB. In 2008 American League ( AL) hitters swung at approximately 28% of 0-0
counts. In all of the rest of the counts combined, AL hitters swung at 52% of pitches. In
general, hitters give the pitcher a chance to get ahead. Take advantage of it!! Over time, you
will learn hitter’s tendencies and which hitters are dead first ball hitters. At times you may
learn to be more careful to certain hitters on 0-0 counts, but overall, be aggressive and make
a good pitch to get ahead of the hitter.
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B. The 0-1 Count, “Pitcher in Command” - The pitcher is now in control of the AB. The hitter
doesn’t want to go to 0-2. Unless he is a very disciplined hitter, he will swing at a pitch he is
looking for in the strike zone so he doesn’t fall behind 0-2. The pitcher has the luxury of
making a “pitchers” pitch. Stay aggressive, but don’t give in. Remember, the hitter is on the
defensive.
C. The 0-2 Count, “Pitcher dominant Count” - The hitter is completely on the defensive. Make
an out pitch, but stay aggressive!
(0-2 count, .163 BA, .236 OBP)
D. The 1-1 Count, “Take command or Lose It” - Even more important than the 0-0. The
difference between going to 1-2 and 2-1 is very significant. The 1-1 pitch completely changes
the balance of the AB. This is the most important count to make a good pitcher’s pitch. The
good hitter will stay disciplined in this count and look for a pitch to drive. The pitcher has a
good chance to get ahead of him with a good pitch. The weaker hitter may chase a pitcher’s
pitch and make an out. Be aggressive and make a pitch to a location that you have full
confidence in.
(1-2, .175 BA, .261 SLG)
(2-1, .330 BA, .573 OBP)
E. The 2-0, 2-1, 3-0, 3-1 Counts “Hitter in Command” - Getting into these counts as a pitcher
forces you to make a perfect pitch and most likely forces you to make multiple perfect
pitches. The hitter is in control of the AB in these counts. A good hitter will not swing at
anything unless it is in his hitting zone. This forces you to make a perfect pitch for a strike.
Avoid these counts by being aggressive with good pitches early in the count.
(2-0, .356 BA, .627 SLG)
(2-1, .330 BA, .573 SLG)
(3-0, .400 BA, .500 SLG)
(3-1, .340 BA, .587 SLG)
F. The 2-2 and 3-2 Counts, “Hitter aggressive Counts” - Hitters swing at more pitches in these
two counts than in any other counts. IN 2-2 counts, AL hitters swung at approximately 65% of
pitches in 2008. In 3-2 counts, they swung at 73% of pitches! Because of the hitter’s
aggressiveness, the pitcher remains in control in these counts. Make a quality pitch, but don’t
give in! Force contact, don’t allow it! Also, look at the numbers on a 3-2 count. Hitters are
only batting .224, but getting on base at a .466 clip! Their success in these counts is mostly
from walks, not hits. Be aggressive!
(2-2, .195 BA, .292 SLG)
(3-2, .224 BA, .466 OBP)
21
Holding Runners
In addition to mastering their delivery and pitches, holding runners is an important part of a pitcher’s
fundamentals development. Pitchers must learn to control the running game in such a way that doesn’t
not detract from the quality of their stuff or ability to execute. After all, getting the hitter out is still the
most important responsibility of the pitcher. The most effective way to stop the running game is to
prevent runners from reaching first base in the first place!!
It’s important to practice the skills involved with holding runners in a supervised, systematic fashion so
that pitchers become comfortable and feel in control when they get into game situations. The “Holding
Runners Series” includes a variety of skills and tactics which, when used in combination and
appropriately, will help control the running game.
Let’s keep a couple of things in mind when practicing the “Holding Runners” program. First, quality
strikes are more important than ever. Quality strikes give the pitcher the best chance to get the hitter out
(we know that’s most important) but quality strikes also keep the count in our favor and help leave open
the option of a pitch-out, etc. Generally, pitch-out counts occur when the pitcher is ahead so this is an
important first step in controlling the running game.
When a young pitcher is first learning how to pitch out of the stretch and hold runners, don’t be too
concerned about their times. We want our pitchers to learn how to pitch out of the stretch and maintain a
good delivery and pitch quality. The AA levels are a good place for a pitcher to use other tactics (holding
ball, pick-offs, etc..) while they are learning to pitch out of the stretch effectively. We would prefer to see
a young pitcher complete and efficient delivery out of the stretch and be 1.5 to the plate rather than be
1.2 to the plate and be inefficient. Again, there is time for them to speed their delivery up as they mature.
I.
Holding Runners Series
A. Quick Step (not to be confused with slide stepping) - When quick stepping, it is important for
the pitcher to get the ball to the catcher as quickly as possible without affecting the quality of
the pitch to the plate. The pitcher should eliminate the high leg kick and incorporate the tuck
back technique. In order to keep the delivery consistent and to maintain the proper control
and release point,, the pitcher’s weight needs to be 80% on the pivot foot as the pitcher
comes to the set position. As he leaves the rubber the first move should be a tuck of the
entire front side back to the pivot leg. This move will allow the pitcher to stay back and get
the arm in a proper throwing position. Remember to keep the strike leg heel closed as long
as possible to ensure that you do not open up too early.
B. Step Off - The step off move is used to detect what the runner intends to do. If it is a stealing
situation and the pitcher steps off quickly after coming to a stop, it may be possible to read
the runner as he may lean toward second base. If he shows that he is trying to get a jump,
the pitcher can throw over, pitch out or quick step. If the third base coach doesn’t give
another sign, you can be fairly certain that the steal is still on.
C. Hold - After the pitcher comes to a stop, he should hold the ball for various amount of time,
anywhere from 1 count to a 5 count. Then he can either throw over to first base or deliver a
pitch. By holding the ball in a stealing situation, the pitcher freezes the runner or gets him to
become flat footed, where he can be picked off or get a very poor jump. Holding the ball can
also help the pitcher relax, give him time to breathe and stay with his delivery. The hold
should be incorporated into the pitcher’s side work.
D. Pick Off - It is important on the pickoff move to hold the ball for varying times to keep the
base runner off balance. You also want to vary the throws during your initial movement in
order to perhaps catch the runner trying to extend his lead. Throwing from different locations
needs consistent training and should be incorporated frequently in a pitcher’s training
program.
22
E. Pitch Out - A good pitchout is important. The pitcher should hold the ball for 2-3 seconds
after he has come to a stop from the stretch position. This allows the runner to get
comfortable and make the attempt at the steal which is what we want. (Important not to take
additional time to make the pickoff as this may allow the base runner too much time to steal
the base even with the pitchout on.) Then he should give the catcher a good, firm pitch (80%
FB speed) away from the hitter about chest high. Good base runners may read pitchouts,
quick steps and pickoffs by how the pitcher reacts to the catcher’s signs. For instance, if the
pitcher wipes after a sign or shakes off a sign, the base runner knows the pitcher is pitching
because a pitchout or throw over is rarely shaken off.
F. “Peeker” Pick Off - Many good base runners with speed are given the “green light” at higher
levels. They often use the “peek” method in order to get a good pitch to steal on. They will
take a rather small lead and peek in on the catcher’s signs. They are able to see the signs at
this angle and are looking for an off speed pitch which will allow them to have a better
chance of stealing the base due to the slower delivery times of the pitch and the usually more
difficult reception of the catcher. In order to combat this, the pitcher should deliver a pick off
at the moment that the catcher puts down his sign. It is likely that the base runner will be
caught peeking at the sign and not have time to return to the base. This will make him much
more hesitant to peek in the future and might gain us an important out.
Finally, the goal of the pitcher is not to pick off the base runner but to reduce his lead and jump in order
to provide us with an opportunity to keep him advancing an extra base or to allow our fielders to get the
lead out. Most plays in baseball come down to a matter of inches and a pitcher that can hold down the
running game means that most of those plays will go in our favor.
23
The Development Progression
You don’t start training for a marathon by going for a 20 mile run. There is a progression to most things
we do in life and pitching is not different. Our standards for a Senior team pitcher need to be different
than they are for a AA level pitcher. The following is what we should expect of our pitchers at each level.
I.
AA Level
A. Take the time to observe what you or your staff saw at the time the player was selected. At
this early stage it is important to emphasize the overall value of being fundamentally sound,
especially in terms of developing consistent, repeatable delivery mechanics. Remember that
players new to the organization should be given at least thirty days prior to any mechanical
intervention taking place, except in cases where a pitcher’s health is a risk. With the
emphasis on the importance of developing consistent delivery mechanics, our goal at this
level will be for items listed below to be by products of consistent delivery mechanics.
Pitching coaches are encouraged to use their judgment in following these guidelines.
1. Learn and develop control of the four seam Fastball down in the strike zone.
2. Learn and develop control of the Change-up (CH) down in the strike zone.
3. Develop control of the Curveball (CB) down in the strike zone.
4. Controlling the running game at first base and second base: Hold, Pick off at set, Step off
and Pitch-out.
B. At this introductory level it will also be important to educate our players on, and help to
develop a plan for some of the following items:
1. A consistent, quality game day routine and understand how your role dictates your
routine.
2. The importance of Pitchers Fielding Practice (PFP).
3. Maintaining good rhythm and tempo.
4. Solid mound presence including, composure, poise, focus and confidence.
5. Introduce the classification of hitters, LH and RH hitters: Power, Pull, Contact, Inside/Out.
II.
AAA Level
A. Continue to develop and practice the previously covered criteria, with special emphasis on
developing and maintaining a sound, consistent delivery. Begin to combine the knowledge
gained in the physical and mental areas with the fundaments aspects of pitching. At this level
of play some of the fundaments introduced at the AA level should now start to become more
consistent.
1. Develop control of the four seam FB to both halves of the plate.
2. Development of the two seam FB to the arm side.
3. Develop command of CH on down in the zone.
4. Develop command of CB for a strike.
5. Maintain good rhythm and tempo.
6. Maintain solid mound presence including composure, poise, focus and confidence.
24
B. Additionally, we want to begin to discuss and educate our players on the importance of the
following:
1. Attacking LHH
2. Attacking RHH
3. Developing the ability to control the running game at 1B and 2B. Total Hold Ball Program
at 1B, Inside move, Daylight and Timing Picks at 2B.
4. Developing sound defensive skills: PFP responsibilities, backing up bases etc..
5. Laying a role in sound field communication.
III.
Senior Team
A. Continue to develop and practice the previously covered criteria. Understand and apply the
individualized, sound, repeatable delivery that has been developed to this point, in order to
throw a variety of quality, consistent pitches. Also, utilize prior game and pitching experience
to enhance the pitchers ability to get hitters out. Refinement of core pitches is a priority.
Development and/or control of specialty pitch should pertain to only those who have fringe
stuff or lack a full repertoire of pitches. Body language should demonstrate a confident,
aggressive pitcher controlling the tempo of the game. A Senior National Team pitcher should
be relentless in his approach to execute each pitch.
B. At this point the player should begin developing some of the new skills listed below:
1. Develop and maintain control of two seam FB to arm side. Please note that the two seam
should not become a “crutch” that the pitcher leans upon. The four seam is still the best
pitch for location and location will always be more important than movement.
2. Demonstrate command of “put away” CH to arm side versus LHH. Important note: “Put
away” in this context does not necessarily mean a swing and miss pitch but a pitch which
succeeds in getting the hitter to take an off balance swing resulting in a strike or a poorly
hit ball.
3. Develop control of back door CB or Breaking Ball
4. Develop control of specialty pitch.
25
General Expectations of Pitching Coaches
I.
Be Organized
A. Organize and schedule each day for the pitchers.
B. Know in advance when a pitchers bullpen work, PFP, conditioning sessions, etc. will take
place.
C. Prepare for the game. Communicate expectations to pitchers. Communicate with Manager.
II.
Be Available
A. Be present!!! Be there and focused when working with a pitcher. Organize your day so that
the pitcher has your undivided attention when it’s his turn to work!
B. Get to know pitchers on a personal level.
C. Be visible!!! Pitchers should not have to hunt you down.
III.
Be Flexible
A. Be prepared to adjust.
B. Adjustments from a plan are often necessary, but always begin with a plan!!
IV.
Video Work
A. We will be using Dartfish and it is your responsibility to understand how to use it.
B. Make certain when using video that you capture the right angle to ensure that you are
analyzing correctly. Use a tripod! We want video from the front and open side. The back can
also be useful when time permits and there appears to be a need.
C. Evaluate the film before speaking with the pitcher. Know what you want to point out to the
pitcher. However during sessions together allow the pitcher to observe without your input. A
pitcher should learn to recognize himself and see what he is doing well as well as what he
needs to improve upon. Ask questions and comment where appropriate. Make it interactive,
not a monologue. You are a coach not a lawyer!
V.
Charting and Game Reporting
A. Our charting system should emphasize pitch location and pitch efficiency. The chart should
be a teaching tool for our pitchers and should be an easy way to track how our pitchers are
attacking the opponent and whether or not it has been effective.
B. All pitchers who appear in a game should go over their chart after the game or the next day
and review their performance. The pitching coach needs to ensure that this happens!!!
C. Remember “garbage in, garbage out”. A bad charting job is useless. Let’s stress to our
pitchers early in the season the importance of quality charting.
26
Ultimate Finish – Papelbon!
27

playbook baseball pitching

Transcription

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