surgical technology - McCann Technical School

Transcription

SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 101 – Anatomy and Physiology
3 CREDITS, Lecture
INSTRUCTOR: Tom Lescarbeau, BSE, CSFA, CST
Email: tlescarbeau@mccanntech.org
Tel.
413.663.5383
Ext 180 or 181
Office hours: By appointment
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course provides the basic knowledge and understanding of the normal structure and function of the
human body, including body planes and cavities, the cell, the Musculo-skeletal System, the Digestive
System, Blood and the Circulatory System, the Respiratory System, the Nervous System, and the GenitoUrinary / Reproductive Systems.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the basic organizational structures of the human body,
including body planes, cavities, divisions, and directional terminology.
2. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the structure and function of the basic cell, body tissues,
and body organs, including cellular division.
3. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the structure and function of the major body systems,
including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, female reproductive, digestive and biliary,
respiratory, sensory, urinary and male reproductive, cardiac, circulatory, lymphatic, central and
peripheral nervous, and endocrine systems.
TEXTS:
1. Human Body in Health & Disease, 5th Ed., Thibodeau
2. THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE, 9TH ED., Chabner, Elsevier, 2010.
METHODS OF TEACHING:
Lecture and Discussion
Required readings
Computer-aided exercises
Audio-visual aides
Quizzes and Examinations
Classroom models
ATTENDANCE:
Attendance at all classes is mandatory, per student handbook.
ASSIGNMENTS & SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
All work is due on date specified when it is assigned. Any work submitted late may result in grade
reduction. Critical Thinking and case study exercises may be assigned with each corresponding chapter.
Also, a research topic will be assigned, and the final daft will count as an exam grade. Portions of the paper
including a topic paragraph, list of sources, bibliography, and oral presentation will count toward the quiz
portion of the grade. Due dates for each segment will be assigned.
OUTCOME MEASUREMENT:
GRADE MUST BE 75% OR HIGHER FOR GRADUATION
Review Questions: 20%
Exams: 30%
Final Exam: 30%
CLASS PARTICIPATION: 20%
1
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 104 - ASEPSIS
3 Credits - Lecture, Externship
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course provides an overview of the concepts and principles of Microbiology. Included
is a study of the history and significant people include in Microbiology, the study of microscopic
life forms, the relationship of microbes to disease and illness, and immunology. The course also
provides the necessary principles of surgical asepsis, which must be maintained in the clinical
setting. Included are the history of asepsis, the principles and techniques of disinfection,
sterilization, antisepsis, and the development of the "Surgical Conscience". The externship
component permits hands-on work in the hospital setting learning instrumentation and surgical
supplies by working in an active Central Sterile Reprocessing Unit.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1.
The learner will demonstrate knowledge of microbiology in relation to their role as a
Health Care Provider in written format.
2.
The learner will identify the purpose and principles for maintaining environmental
control in the Operating Suite in written format.
3.
The learner will integrate principles of surgical asepsis, sterilization, disinfection, and
antisepsis as part of the patient care experience in written format.
4.
The learner will prepare, assemble, and perform sterilization of surgical armamentarium
in Central Sterile Reprocessing
TEXTS:
1. MICROBIOLOGY FOR SURGICAL TECHNOLOGISTS, P. Price, AST, Delmar
2. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST, Third Edition,
and Workbook to Accompany, AST, Delmar
OPTIONAL TEXT:
3. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Thirteenth Edition, Rothrock,
Mosby Yearbook
Lecture and discussion
Required readings
Additional handout materials
Audio-visual aides
Quizzes and examinations
Clinical Externship
1
ATTENDANCE:
Attendance at all classes and externships is mandatory.
CSR EXTERNSHIP CLINICAL OBJECTIVES
1) ACQUIRE EXPOSURE TO AND KNOWLEDGE OF
SURGICAL ARMAMENTARIUM PREPARATION
2) ACQUIRE EXPOSURE TO AND KNOWLEDGE OF
IN-HOSPITAL STERILIZATION METHODS
The student is required to attend each assigned clinical experience. The student will
develop skills in instrument/supply/equipment terminal disinfection, decontamination, instrument
set preparation, and sterilization methods employed by the institution. The student is required to
complete and submit a portfolio of their entire CSR experiences, following the established
guidelines. The CSR staff at the end of the externship will formally evaluate the student.
• Attendance for all allotted clinical time – 30%
o Professionalism, enthusiasm, assertiveness, and punctuality are included
in this grade
• Daily journal assignment - 30%
o Compilation of Journal: Student name, date, clinical site, instrument set
name, how sterilized, container type, all instruments contained within,
category of each instrument, sterilization methods, parameters, etc.
• Clinical Evaluation of Student Participation during CSR Externship - passing grade
of 75 or better - 40%
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Overall CSR average is counted as 5% of grade in Asepsis. Failure to complete any
component of the CSR rotation will result in a grade of "F" for the externship AND the
course.
COURSE OUTCOME MEASUREMENT:
Study Guides/Chapter Review Assignments - 20%
Class/Clinical Participation - 10%
Externship Component - 5%
Quiz Average - 25%
Final Exam - 40%
2
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 111 - CLINICAL EXTERNSHIP I
2 CREDITS, Externship
PREREQUISITES: SR 102. SR 103, SR 104
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
Cell. 413.652.5305
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This experience involves the implementation of learned theory, principles, and procedures
taught in the classroom via patient contact as a member of the Operating Room team. This
experience takes place in local area hospitals and focuses on minimally complex surgical cases.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will perform various types of minimally complex surgical cases in the first
scrub with assist or first scrub solo role.
2. The learner will correlate and integrate the theoretical practices learned in the
classroom into clinical performance.
TEXTS:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST: A POSITIVE
CARE APPROACH, Third Edition, Price, AST, Delmar
2. BERRY AND KOHN'S INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUE,
Eleventh Edition, Atkison, Mosby Yearbook
3. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Fourteenth Edition, J.
Rothrock, Mosby
OPTIONAL TEXTS:
Required reading
Surgeon's Preference Sheets
Pre-case data sheets
Clinical Journal
Clinical participation
1
ATTENDANCE:
Attendance at all assigned Clinical Externships is mandatory. Scheduling of make-up
experiences is at the discretion of the instructor. See McCann Technical School Absenteeism policy
for guidelines on clinical absences.
Clinical Day 1-14 OBSERVE/PARTICIPATE IN/ PERFORM MINIMALLY COMPLEX
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
The student is required to obtain and prepare their daily assignment for the clinical
experience. The student is required to prepare for their clinical experience by studying the
procedure, related anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, and surgical armamentarium
related to the assigned procedure(s) using your texts or outside resources. The student is
required to prepare a Pre-Case Data Sheet for each and every assigned case. These are due the
morning of each clinical day (7:00AM). Failure to complete the assigned data sheet will forfeit the
student's assignment to scrub during that time slot. Scheduling changes do not fall under this
requirement.
The student is required to actively participate in Clinical Seminar. Students will present scrubbed
cases for review on a weekly basis.
The student is required to complete a Clinical Journal of the week's cases and experiences and
one Modified Surgeon's Preference File per week, to be passed in by Monday of the following
week. Late submissions will be reflected in the overall course grade.
In order to meet the outcome competencies for graduation, the student must perform a minimum
of ten (10) minimally complex procedures in the “first scrub with assist” or “first scrub solo” role
during this rotation.
Attendance for all allotted clinical time
Weekly completion of Modified Surgeon's Preference Form
- average final grade of 75 or better - 25% of grade
Weekly completion of Clinical Journal - 10% of grade
Clinical Seminar participation - 5% of grade
Completion of ten (10) minimally complex cases in the “first scrub with assist” or
“first scrub solo” role
Daily completion of pre-case data sheet – 20% of grade
Evaluation of student by the instructor/ clinical assistant/ preceptor – average evaluation
score of "meets the standard" – 40% of grade
2
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 211 - CLINICAL EXTERNSHIP II
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
Cell. 413.652.5305
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
taught in the classroom via patient contact as a member of the Operating Room team. This is a
continuation of experience taken place in local area hospitals and focuses on moderately complex
surgical cases.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will perform various types of surgical cases in the first scrub with assist or
first scrub solo role.
TEXTS:
1. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Thirteenth Edition, J.
Rothrock, Mosby
2. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST: A POSITIVE CARE
APPROACH, Third Edition, Price, AST, Delmar
3. BERRY AND KOHN'S INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUE, Eighth
Edition, Atkison, Mosby Yearbook
Required reading
Clinical Journal
Clinical Case Discussions
1
ATTENDANCE:
Clinical Objective
PARTICIPATE IN/ PERFORM MINIMALLY TO MODERATELY COMPLEX
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
related to the assigned procedure(s) using your texts or outside resources.
The student is required to complete a Clinical Journal of the week's cases and experiences and
one Modified Surgeon's Preference File per week, to be passed in by MONDAY of the following
week. Late submissions will be reflected in the overall course grade.
In order to meet the outcome competencies for graduation, the student must perform a minimum
of ten (10) minimally complex procedures in the “first scrub with assist” or “first scrub solo” role
Clinical Journal - 15% of grade
Evaluation of student by the instructor/ clinical assistant – average evaluation score of
"meets the standard" – 50% of grade
2
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 311 - CLINICAL EXTERNSHIP III
PREREQUISITES: SR 111, SR 211
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
Cell. 413.652.5305
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
taught in the classroom via patient contact as a member of the Operating Room team. This
experience takes place in local area hospitals and focuses on complex surgical cases.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will perform various types of complex surgical cases in the first scrub with
assist or first scrub solo role.
TEXTS:
1. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Eleventh Edition, J. Rothrock,
Mosby Yearbook
APPROACH, Second Edition, AST, Delmar
OPTIONAL TEXT:
3. BERRY AND KOHN'S INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUE, Eighth
4. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, Fourth Edition, Fuller, Elsevier,
Saunders.
Required reading
Modified Surgeon's Preference Sheets
Clinical Journal
Clinical Experience Record
ATTENDANCE:
1
Clinical Day 1-32
OBSERVE/PARTICIPATE IN/ PERFORM COMPLEX SURGICAL PROCEDURES
OUTCOME: The learner will observe, participate in, or perform complex surgical procedures.
related to the assigned procedure(s) using your texts or outside resources.
The student is required to complete a Clinical Journal of the week's cases and experiences
and one Surgeon's Preference File (with cards) per week, to be passed in by Monday of the
following week. Late submissions will be reflected in the overall course grade.
In order to meet the outcome competencies for graduation, the student must perform a
minimum of ten (10) complex procedures in the “first scrub with assist” or “first scrub solo” role
during this rotation. The student must also perform a minimum of 125 cases in the “first scrub”
or “first scrub with assist” role during the three clinical rotations.
Weekly completion of Surgeon's Sheet
Completion of ten (10) moderately complex cases in the “first scrub with assist” or
“first scrub solo” role.
Completion of one hundred twenty five (125) cases in the “first scrub with assist” or “first
scrub solo” role during the three clinical rotations.
Evaluation of student by the instructor - average evaluation score of "meets the
standard" – 50% of grade
2
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 205 - OCCUPATIONAL ISSUES
1 CREDIT, Lecture
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course introduces the student to the ethical, legal, and moral values, which relate to
the individual patient, the Surgical Technologist, and Operating Room procedures.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will acquire an understanding of the medical, ethical, legal, and moral
values, which relate to the individual patient, general medical community, the Surgical
Technologist, and Operating Room procedures.
2. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the biopsychosocial issues of patient
interaction, including stress, loss, and grief.
3. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the professional aspects of Surgical
Technology, including certification, continuing education, and employment
considerations.
TEXTS:
APPROACH, Third Edition, AST, Delmar
OPTIONAL TEXT:
1.
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, Fourth Edition, Fuller, Elsevier,
Saunders
Required readings
Internet based research
Additional handout material
Written assignments
Participation – 30%
Exercises - 10% of grade
Resume - 20% of grade
Ethics paper – 40%
Final grade average must be 75 or better
1
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 103 - OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUES
4 CREDITS, Lecture, Laboratory
Tel. 413.663.5383
Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course introduces techniques necessary during the surgical experience. Included
are scrubbing, gowning, and gloving; the establishment of the sterile field with the
armamentarium of sutures, instruments, and supplies. The laboratory component
allows the student to observe and demonstrate the principles and procedures taught in
the classroom in a non-patient contact environment.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the techniques for performing
scrubbing, gowning, and gloving according to established procedure in written
and demonstration format.
2. The learner will identify the various classifications of surgical armamentarium,
including instrumentation, sutures, and equipment used during the
perioperative experience in written and demonstration format.
3. The learner will prepare a sterile surgical field using surgical armament
according to established procedure in written and demonstration format.
TEXTS:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY for SURGICAL TECHNOLOGISTS, 3rd
Edition, AST, Delmar
2. Workbook to Accompany SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY for SURGICAL
TECHNOLOGISTS, 3rd Edition, AST, Delmar
3. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, 14th Edition, J.
Rothrock, Mosby
4. BERRY AND KOHN'S INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING ROOM
TECHNIQUE, Eleventh Edition, Atkison, Mosby Yearbook
ATTENDANCE:
Attendance at all classes and conferences is MANDATORY. All missed laboratory
experiences must be made up prior to competency evaluation.
1
READING ASSIGNMENTS:
ST for the ST
Chapter 12 Surgical Case Management p. 317
Chapter 10 Instruments, Equipment & Supplies p. 258
Chapter 11 Wound Healing, Sutures, Needles, & Stapling
Devices p. 291
Alexander’s
Chapter 3 Infection Prevention and Control in the
Perioperative Setting p. 44
Chapter 6 Sutures, Needles & Instruments p. 158
Chapter 8 Wound Healing, Dressing & Drains p. 228
B&K
Chapter 15 Principles of Asepsis and Sterile Technique p. 250
Chapter 16 Appropriate Attire…, p. 266
Chapter 19 Surgical Instrumentation, p. 327
Chapter 21 Preoperative Preparation…, p. 369
Demonstration and return demonstration in a laboratory setting
Required readings
Audiovisual aides
Quizzes, Examinations, Evaluations
Workbook - 15% of grade
Laboratory/ Class Participation - 30% of grade
Quiz average - 25% of grade
Final Exam - 30% of grade
2
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 102 - PERIOPERATIVE ISSUES
5 CREDITS, Lecture
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course provides knowledge in the areas of patient care directly affecting the surgical
experience. It is broken down into three sections: issues, medical terminology, and
pharmacology. Included are an overview of the hospital, the Operating Room, its equipment, and
the surgical team; issues of Medico-Legal practice and communication, principles of patient
safety, identification, transportation, and positioning; medical terminology and surgical
pharmacology.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of hospital hierarchy, operating room set-up
and equipment, and operating room personnel.
2. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of verbal/written communication techniques
and skills.
3. The learner will identify issues related to Medico-Legal practice and the development
of the Surgical Conscience.
4. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of safe practice techniques in regards to
perioperative routines, patient transportation, positioning, and emergency procedures.
5. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of biomedical science including robotics,
electricity, basic physics, and computer application.
6. The learner will demonstrate and integrate knowledge of relevant medical terminology.
7. The learner will identify the elements, action, and use of medications and anesthetic
agents used during the perioperative experience.
TEXTS:
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST: A POSITIVE CARE
APPROACH, and Accompanying Study Guide, Third Edition, P. Price, AST, Delmar
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE, 9TH E., Chabner, Saunders, 2010.
PHARMACOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST, SECOND EDITION, Snyder and
Keegan, Elsevier
BERRY AND KOHN'S INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUE, Eleventh Edition,
Atkison, Mosby Yearbook
OPTIONAL TEXTS:
1. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Fourteenth Edition,
Rothrock, Mosby Yearbook
1
OVERALL METHODS OF TEACHING:
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
Computer-Assisted Online Instructional Programs
ATTENDANCE:
Attendance at all classes is mandatory.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
All work is to be completed on time. Due to the scheduling complexity, work handed in
late may result in a reduction in grade. See student handbook for academic and makeup
policies.
PERIOPERATIVE ISSUES FINAL GRADE OUTCOME MEASUREMENT:
- A passing grade in each component - Issues, Medical Terminology, and
Pharmacology
- An average of three grades:
- Issues - 50%
- Medical Terminology - 30%
- Pharmacology - 20%
SECTION I. PERIOPERATIVE ISSUES – 50% of final grade:
Sequence of chapters & reading assignments:
Chapter
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
13
Title
Orientation to Surgical Technology
Standards of Conduct
The Surgical Patient
Special Populations
Physical Environment & Safety Standards
Biomedical Sciences
General Patient Care and Safety
Diagnostic Procedures
Page
2
22
42
56
76
97
171
370
ISSUES
Quiz average - 30% of grade
Class participation - 10% of grade
2
SECTION II. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Grade average - 30% of final Perioperative Issues
grade
TEXT:
• THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE, 9TH E, Chabner, Saunders, 2010.
Assignments & Special Instructions:
This portion of the class is an independent study. Students must score 85% or better to
pass the course. Any student that does not achieve an 85 or better may be responsible for retaking the exams until the grading threshold is met prior to the end of the semester at the
director’s discretion. Terminology will also be included in the other courses to assess retention
but graded as part of the respective class.
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Exam average – 70% of grade
*** Final grade must be 85 or better ***
SECTION III. PHARMACOLOGY – 20% of final SR-102 Perioperative issues grade
TEXTS:
•
•
•
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST: A POSITIVE
CARE APPROACH, and Accompanying Study Guide, Third Edition, AST, Delmar
PHARMACOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST, Snyder & Keegan, Elsevier
ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Thirteenth Edition, Rothrock,
Mosby Yearbook
Assignments & Special Instructions
Exercises in the AST workbook chapter 9 contain calculations as well as medication
information. Although the pharmacology portion of this class will not begin until later in the
semester, students are encouraged to read the chapters ahead and try the exercises in advance.
Reading assignments:
AST, Chapter 9
AST Workbook: Chapter 9
Alexander’s, Chapter 4
Worksheets/ Handouts:
Drug sources
Drug calculations
PHARMACOLOGY
Workbook/ Classroom Exercises – 35% of grade
Pharmacology Exam - 40% of grade
3
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 101 – Anatomy and Physiology
3 CREDITS, Lecture
Tel.
413.663.5383
Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course provides the basic knowledge and understanding of the normal structure and function of the human body,
including body planes and cavities, the cell, the Musculo-skeletal System, the Digestive System, Blood and the
Circulatory System, the Respiratory System, the Nervous System, and the Genito-Urinary / Reproductive Systems.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the basic organizational structures of the human body, including
body planes, cavities, divisions, and directional terminology.
2. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the structure and function of the basic cell, body tissues, and body
organs, including cellular division.
3. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the structure and function of the major body systems, including the
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, female reproductive, digestive and biliary, respiratory, sensory, urinary and
male reproductive, cardiac, circulatory, lymphatic, central and peripheral nervous, and endocrine systems
TEXTS:
1. PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Tenth Edition, Tortora and Grabowski, Wiley
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
ATTENDANCE:
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Define anatomy and physiology and explain how they are related
List and describe the major characteristics of life
List and describe the major requirements of organisms
Define homeostasis and explain its importance to survival
Describe homeostasis
Explain the biological levels or organization
Describe the locations of the major body cavities
Name the membranes associated with each system
Describe the general functions of each organ system
Properly use terms that describe relative position, body sections and body regions
Anatomy and Physiology
a. Definitions
i.
Levels of Body Organization
a. chemical level
b. cellular level
c. tissue level
d. organ level
e. system level
f. organismal level
Characteristics of the Living Human Organism
a. basic life processes
i. metabolism
ii. responsiveness
iii. movement
iv. differentiation
v. reproduction
b. homeostasis
Anatomical Terminology
a. body positions
i. anatomical position
ii. supine
iii. prone
b. regional names
i. head
ii. neck
iii. trunk
iv. upper limb
v. lower limb
c. directional terms
i. superior
ii. inferior
iii. anterior
iv. posterior
v. medial
vi. lateral
vii. ipsilateral
viii. contralateral
ix. proximal
x. distal
xi. superficial deep
d. planes and sections
i. sagittal
2
e.
f.
ii. midsagittal/medial
iii. frontal/coronal
iv. transverse
v. oblique
body cavities
i. dorsal body cavity
1. cranial cavity
2. vertebral cavity
ii. ventral body cavity
1. thoracic cavity
a. diaphragm
b. pericardial cavity
c. pleural cavity
d. mediastinum
e. pleura
i. parietal
ii. visceral
2. abdominopelvic cavity
a. abdominal cavity
i. peritoneum
1. visceral
2. parietal
b. pelvic cavity
abdominopelvic regions and quadrants
i. regions
1. hypochondriac
2. epigastric
3. lumbar
4. umbilical
5. inguinal/iliac
6. hypogastric
ii. quadrants
1. right/left upper
2. right/left lower
RESOURCES:
Notes – Tortora and Grabowski – 10th ed. – Chapter 1
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Coloring Book Assignment – Plate 1
Chapter Questions – pgs. pgs.24 – questions: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15
Quiz – #1 - Intro and Cell – combined quiz
3
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
THE CELL
Explain how cells differ from one another
Describe the characteristics of a cell
List and describe cytoplasmic organelles and explain their function
Describe the cell nucleus and its parts
Explain mitosis and meiosis
Parts of a cell
a. plasma membrane
b. cytoplasm
c. nucleus
The Plasma Membrane
a. protein/lipid layer
b. selective permeability
c. passive transport
i. diffusion
ii. osmosis
iii. osmotic pressure
d. active transport
i. vesicle transport
ii. phagocytosis
iii. pinocytosis
iv. exocytosis
Cytoplasm
a. cytosol
b. organelles
i. cytoskeleton
ii. microfilaments
iii. microtubules
iv. centrosome
v. cilia and flagella
vi. ribosomes
vii. endoplasmic reticulum
viii. golgi complex
ix. lysosomes
x. mitochondria
The Nucleus
a. nucleolus
b. genes
c. chromosomes
d. dna
i. adenine
ii. guanine
iii. thymine
iv. cytosine
e. transcription
i. messenger RNA
ii. ribosomal RNA
iii. transfer RNA
Cell Division
a. mitosis
i. interphase
ii. prophase
iii. metaphase
iv. anaphase
v. telophase
4
b.
meiosis
RESOURCES:
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Coloring Book Assignment – Plate 2, 3
Chapter Questions – pgs. 99-100 – questions: 1, 3, 12, 14
Quiz - #1 - Intro and Cell – combined quiz
5
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
List the four major tissue types and provide examples of where each occurs in the body
Describe the general characteristics and functions of epithelial tissues
Name the types of epithelium and identify an organ in which each is found
Explain how to classify glands
List the types of connective tissue in the body
Describe the major functions of each type of connective tissue
Distinguish among the three types of muscle tissue
Describe the general characteristics and functions of nervous tissue
Types of Tissues and Their Origins
a. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nervous tissue
Epithelial Tissue
a. characteristics
b. basement membrane
c. types
i. covering and lining
1. arrangement
a. simple
b. stratified
c. pseudostratified
2. shape
a. squamous
b. cuboidal
c. columnar
d. transitional
3. types
a. simple
i. squamous
1. endothelium
2. mesothelium
ii. cuboidal
iii. columnar
1. nonciliated
a. goblet cells
2. ciliated
b. stratified
i. squamous
1. keratinized
2. nonkeratinized
ii. cuboidal
iii. columnar
iv. transitional
c. pseudostratified
i. nonciliated
ii. ciliated
ii. glandular
1. endocrine
2. exocrine
a. unicellular
b. multicellular
Connective Tissue
a. features
6
b.
c.
4.
5.
6.
7.
cells
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
matrix
i.
ii.
fibroblasts
macrophages
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes
white blood cells
ground susbstance
fibers
1. collagen fibers
2. elastic fibers
3. reticular fibers
d. classifications
i. loose connective tissue
1. areolar connective
2. adipose
3. reticular connective
ii. dense connective tissue
1. dense regular connective
2. dense irregular connective
3. elastic connective
iii. cartilage
1. hyaline
2. fibrocartilage
3. elastic
iv. bone tissue
v. blood tissue
vi. lymph
Membranes
a. epithelial
i. mucous
ii. serous
b. synovial
Muscle Tissue
a. types
i. skeletal
ii. cardiac
iii. smooth
Nervous Tissue
a. neurons
i. axon
ii. cell body
iii. dendrites
b. neuroglia
i. astrocytes
ii. oligodendrites/oligodendrocytes
iii. microglia
Tissue Repair
a. stem cells
b. fibrosis
c. granulation
d. factors
i. nutrition
ii. blood circulation
iii. age
e. adhesions
7
RESOURCES:
PowerPoint – Tissues Identification
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Chapter Questions – pgs. 136-138 – questions: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15
Quiz - #2 – Tissues
8
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Describe the structure of the skin’s layers
List the general functions of each layer of the skin
Describe the accessory organs associated with the skin
Explain the role of skin in temperature regulation
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the integumentary system
Structure of the Skin
a. epidermis
i. cell types
1. keratinocytes
2. melanocytes
ii. layers
1. stratum basale
2. stratum spinosum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum lucidum
5. stratum corneum
b. dermis
i. composition
ii. regions
1. papillary region
2. reticular region
c. subcutaneous layer
d. related terms
i. carotene
ii. melanin
iii. albinism
iv. cyanotic
v. jaundice
vi. erythema
vii. thick versus thin
Accessory Structures of the Skin
a. hair
b. glands
i. sebaceous
ii. sudoriferous
iii. ceruminous
c. nails
Functions of the Skin
a. thermoregulation
b. protection
c. cutaneous sensation
d. excretion and absorption
e. synthesis of Vitamin D
Pathophysiology
a. skin cancer
i. BCC
ii. SCC
iii. melanoma
b. burns
i. degrees
ii. Rule of Nines
RESOURCES:
9
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Chapter Questions – pgs. 159-160 – questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12 (2, 4, 7, 9, 12), 14
Quiz - #3 – Integumentary System
10
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Describe the general structure of a bone and list the functions of its parts
Discuss the major function of bones
Distinguish between axial and appendicular skeletons and name the major parts fo each
Locate and describe the bones and major features of the bones that comprise the skull, vertebral column,
thoracic cage, pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs
List the three classes of joints, describe their characteristics and name an example of each
List the major types of synovial joints and describe the action of each
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the skeletal system
Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System
a. support
b. protection
c. assistance in movement
d. mineral homeostasis
e. blood cell production
f. triglyceride storage
Structure of Bone
a. diaphysis
b. epiphysis
i. epiphyseal plate
c. metaphysis
d. articular cartilage
e. periosteum
f. medullary canal
g. endosteum
Histology of Bone Tissue/Bone Formation, Growth and Homeostasis
a. types
i. osteogenic cells
ii. osteoblasts
iii. osteocytes
iv. osteoclasts
b. classifications
i. cortical/compact
ii. cansellous/spongy
c. processes
i. osteogenesis
ii. calcification
1. hydroxyapatite
iii. resorption
iv. remodeling
v. calcium homeostasis
Pathophysiology
a. Fractures
i. Types
1. Open
2. Comminuted
3. Greenstick
4. Impacted
5. Colle’s
ii. Bone Healing
1. hematoma
2. callus
3. remodeling
iii. treatments
1. open reduction
11
5.
6.
2. closed reduction
b. osteoporosis
c. osteoarthritis
d. osteomalacia
e. osteomyelitis
Types of Bones
a. long
b. short
c. flat
d. irregular
e. sesamoid
Divisions of the Skeletal System
a. axial
i. skull
1. cranial bones
a. frontal
b. parietal
c. temporal
d. occipital
e. sphenoid
f. ethmoid
2. facial bones
a. nasal
b. maxilla
c. zygomatic
d. lacrimal
e. palatine
f. conchae
g. mandible
h. nasal septum
3. features of the skull
a. orbits
b. sutures
c. sinuses
ii. auditory ossicles
1. malleus
2. incus
3. stapes
iii. hyoid bone
iv. ribs
1. true
2. false
3. floating
4. intercostals space
v. sternum
1. manubrium
2. body
3. xyphoid
vi. vertebrae
1. types
a. cervical
i. atlas
ii. axis
b. thoracic
c. lumbar
d. sacrum
e. coccyx
2. concepts
a. curves
12
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
3.
b.
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
abnormalities
1. kyphosis
2. lordosis
3. scoliosis
b. intervertebral discs
i. annulus
ii. nucleus pulposa
c. parts
i. body
ii. arch
iii. processes
pathophysiology
a. herniated disc
b. spina bifida
c. kyphosis
d. lordosis
e. spinal stenosis
f. scoliosis
appendicular
i. pectoral girdle
1. anatomy
a. clavicle
b. scapula
i. spine
ii. acromion
iii. coracoid process
iv. supraspinous fossa
v. infraspinous fossa
vi. subscapular fossa
c. articulations
i. glenoid joint
ii. sternoclavicular joint
iii. acromioclavicular joint
2. physiology
ii. upper extremity
1. anatomy
a. humerus
b. ulna
c. radius
d. carpals
i. scaphoid
ii. lunate
iii. triquetrum
iv. pisiform
v. trapezium
vi. trapezoid
vii. capitate
viii. hamate
e. metacarpals
f. phalanges
2. physiology
3. articulations
a. olecranon
b. MPJ - metacarpophalangeal
13
iii. pelvic girdle
1. anatomy
a. coxal bones
i. ilium
ii. ischium
iii. pubis
2. physiology
3. articulations
a. pubic symphysis
b. acetabulum
iv. lower extremity
1. anatomy
a. femur
i. head
ii. femoral neck
iii. greater trochanter
iv. lesser trochanter
v. femoral shaft
vi. femoral condyles
b. patella
c. tibia
d. fibula
i. lateral malleolus
ii. medial malleolus
e. tarsals
i. talus
ii. calcaneus
iii. navicular
iv. cuboid
v. cuneiforms
f. metatarsals
g. phalanges
2. physiology
3. articulations
a. hip joint
b. knee joint
c. ankle joint
d. first metatarsal head/great toe
4. pathophysiology
a. hip fracture
b. hallux valgus
7.
Joints
a.
b.
c.
classifications
i. fibrous
ii. cartilaginous
iii. synovial
joint movement
common joints
RESOURCES:
Notes – Tortora and Grabowski – 10th ed. – Chapter 6-7, 8-9
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Coloring Book Assignment – Plate 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22
Chapter Questions – pgs. 182-183 – questions: 1, 2, 5, 11, 12, 14 (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 10);
pgs. 215-216 – questions: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12,
13), 13, 15;
pgs. 241 – questions: 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15
pgs. 270-271 – questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 14 (1, 3, 5, 6), 15
14
Quiz - #5 – Skeletal System (Chapters 6-7)
Quiz - #6 – Skeletal System – Part II (Chapters 8-9)
15
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
List the function of muscles
Describe the structure of skeletal muscle
Define terms that describe skeletal muscles and their actions
Describe the neuromuscular junction and the roles of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase
Explain how skeletal muscles produce joint movement
Define and demonstrate common types of joint movement
Describe the locations and actions of the major skeletal muscles of each body region
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the muscular system
Types of Muscle Tissue
a. skeletal
b. smooth
c. cardiac
Functions of Muscle Tissue
a. movement
b. stabilizing body positions
c. storing and moving substances
d. generating heat
Properties of Muscle Tissue
a. electrical excitability
b. contractility
c. extensibility
d. elasticity
Skeletal Muscle
a. Connective tissue components
i. Fascia
1. superficial
2. deep
ii. tendon
b. Neuromuscular junction
i. synapse
ii. neurotransmitters
1. acetylcholine
2. acteylcholinesterase
c. Muscle fiber anatomy
i. sarcolemma
ii. t-tubules
iii. myofibrils
iv. sarcoplasmic reticulum
v. filaments
vi. sarcomeres
d. muscle proteins
i. contractile
1. myosin
2. actin
ii. structural
1. titin
2. myomesin
3. dystrophin
e. muscle metabolism
i. anaerobic respiration
ii. aerobic respiration
iii. creatine phosphate
f. tone and contraction
i. flaccidness
16
5.
6.
7.
8.
ii. isotonic contraction
iii. isometric contraction
Pathophysiology
a. Myasthenia gravis
b. Muscular dystrophy
c. Fibromyalgia
d. Spasm
e. Cramp
f. Tremor
g. Fasciculation
h. Tic
i. Tenosynovitis
j. Compartment syndrome
muscle terms
a. origin
b. insertion
c. belly
d. lever
e. fulcrum
f. antagonist
g. agonist
muscle name characteristics
a. rectus
b. transverse
c. oblique
d. maximus
e. longus
f. brevis
g. deltoid
h. trapezius
i. flexor
j. extensor
k. abductor
l. adductor
m. sphincter
n. biceps
o. triceps
p. quadriceps
Muscles
a. Temporalis
b. Obicularis oculi
c. Masseter
d. Buccinator
e. Platysma
f. Sternocleidomastoid
g. Scalenes
h. Trapezius
i. Deltoid
j. Supraspinatus
k. Infraspinatus
l. Teres major
m. Pectoralis major
n. Serratus anterior
o. Biceps brachii
p. Triceps brachii
q. Latissmus dorsi
r. Rectus abdominus
s. External oblique
t. Levator aniSartorius
17
u.
v.
w.
x.
y.
z.
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
Gracillis
Vastus medialis
Gastrocnemius
Biceps femoris
RESOURCES:
Notes – Tortora and Grabowski – 10th ed. – Chapter 10-11
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Chapter Questions – pgs. 305 – questions: 1, 2, 4
Pgs. 382-383 – questions: 1, 6, 12, 14, 15
Quiz - #6 – Muscles and Muscular System
18
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Name and describe the major organs of the digestive system
Describe the general functions of each digestive organ
Explain how the contents of the alimentary canal are mixed and moved
List the enzymes the digestive organs and glands secrete and describe the function of each
Trace the route of food through the alimentary canal including sphincter muscles
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the digestive system
Overview
a. Gastrointestinal tract
b. Accessory digestive organs
c. Functions
i. Ingestion
ii. Secretion
iii. Mixing and propulsion
iv. Diogestion
v. Absorption
vi. Defecation
Layers
a. Mucosa
b. Submucosa
c. Muscularis
d. serosa
Peritoneum
a. Parietal
b. Visceral
c. Retroperitoneum
d. Greater omentum
e. Falciform ligament
f. Lesser omentum
g. Mesentery
Organs
a. Mouth
i. Structures
1. Lips
2. Frenulum
3. Hard palate
4. Soft palate
5. Uvula
6. Palatoglossal arch
7. Palatopharyngeal arch
8. Salivary glands
a. parotid gland
b. submandibular gland
c. sublingual gland
d. saliva/salivary amylase
9. tongue
10. teeth
ii. function
1. mastication
b. Phayrnx
i. Structures
1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx
ii. Function
19
c.
d.
e.
f.
1. deglutition
esophagus
i. peristalsis
ii. cardio-esophageal sphincter
stomach
i. structures
1. cardia
2. fundus
3. body
4. antrium
5. pylorus
6. greater curvature
7. lesser curvature
ii. secretions
1. intrinsic factor
2. pepsinogen
3. gastric lipase
iii. function
1. mix saliva food, and gastric juices to form chyme
2. reservoir
3. secrete gastric juices
4. kills bacteria and denatures protein
5. digests lipids
6. secretes gastrin
pancreas
i. structures
1. head
2. body tail
3. pancreatic duct of WIrsung
4. hepatopancreatic ampulla/Ampulla of Vater
5. duct of Santorini
6. pancreatic islets of Langerhans
ii. function
1. secretions
a. pancreatic amylase
b. trypsin
c. chymotrypsin
d. carboxypeptidase
e. elastase
f. pancreatic lipase
g. ribonuclease
h. deoxyribonuclease
liver and gallbladder
i. structure
1. liver
a. right lobe
b. left lobe
c. flaciform ligament
d. hepatocytes
e. bile caniculi
f. right and left hepatic ducts
g. common hepatic duct
h. common bile duct
i. hepatic artery
j. portal vein
k. hepatic vein
2. gallbladder
a. gallbladder
b. cystic duct
20
c.
d.
g.
h.
cystic artery
bile
ii. function
1. form, store and secrete bile
2. carbohydrate metabolism
3. lipid metabolism
4. protein metabolism
5. processing of drugs and hormones
6. excretion of bilirubin
7. synthesis of bile salts
8. storage
9. phagocytosis
10. activation of vitamin D
small intestine
i. structure
1. duodenum
a. duodenal bulb
b. papilla of Vater
2. jejunum
3. ileum
4. ileocecal valve
5. villi
6. Peyer’s patches
ii. Function
1. digestion
a. carbohydrates
b. proteins
c. lipids
d. nucleic acids
2. absorption
a. monosaccharides
b. single amino acids
c. glycerol
d. monoglycerides
e. fatty acids
f. electrolytes
g. vitamins
h. water
large intestine
i. structure
1. cecum
2. vermiform appendix
3. colon
a. primary tissues
i. ascending
ii. transverse
iii. descending
iv. sigmoid
b. accessory landmarks
i. hepatic flexure
ii. splenic flexure
iii. teniae coli
iv. haustras
v. epiploic appendices
4. rectum
5. anus
6. anal sphincters
ii. function
1. mechanical digestion
21
2.
5.
6.
7.
a. haustral churning
b. peristalsis
chemical digestion
a. mucus secretion
b. production of vitamin K
feces production
3.
Metabolism
a. Catabolism
b. Anabolism
c. Glycolysis
Heat and Energy Balance
a. heat
b. metabolic rate
c. body temperature homeostasis
d. mechanisms of heat transfer
i. conduction
ii. convection
iii. radiation
iv. evaporation
e. hypothalamic thermostat
f. minerals
g. vitamins
i. water-soluble
ii. fat-soluble
Pathophysiology
a. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
b. Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
c. Emesis/vomiting
d. dysphagiapancreatitis
e. jaundice
f. hepatitis
g. cirrhosis
h. gall stones/cholecystitis
i. appendicitis
j. colitis
k. inflammatory bowel disease
l. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
m. diverticular disease
n. diarrhea
o. constipation
p. hemorrhoids
RESOURCES:
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Coloring Book Assignment – Plate 78, 79, 82, 85, 86, 87
Chapter Questions – pgs. 903-904 – questions: 1, 6. 7, 9, 13
Quiz - #7 – Digestive System
22
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CONTENT
1.
2.
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - FEMALE
Name the parts of the female reproductive system and describe the general functions of each part
Explain the functions of female reproductive hormones including development of female secondary sex
characteristics
Describe the major events of the menstrual cycle
Describe the structure and function of the mammary glands
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the female reproductive system
Anatomy
a. Ovary
i. Tunica albuginea
ii. Follicles
1. graafian
2. corpus luteum
b. Fallopian tubes and fimbriae
c. Uterus
i. Parts
1. body
2. cervix
3. isthmus
ii. ligaments
1. round
2. broad
3. cardinal
4. uterosacral
iii. layers
1. peritoneum
2. perimetrium
3. myometrium
4. endometrium
iv. other
1. cul-de-sac/Pouch of Douglas
2. uterine arteries
3. uterine veins
d. vagina
i. fornix
ii. introitus
iii. Bartholin’s glands
iv. Hymen
e. Vulva
i. Mons pubis
ii. Labia majora
iii. Labia minora
iv. Clitoris
v. Vestibule
1. vaginal orifice
2. urethral meatus
3. Skene’s glands
vi. perineum
f. mammary glands
i. nipple
ii. aerola
iii. lactiferous ducts
iv. Cooper’s ligaments
Physiology
a. Oogenesis
23
b.
3.
4.
Menstruation
i. Hormones
1. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2. follicle-stimulating hormone
3. estrogens
4. porogesterone
Pathophysiology
a. Uterine prolapse
b. Amennorrhea
c. Endometriosis
d. Ovarian Cancer
e. Cervical Cancer
f. Genital warts
g. Breast Cancer
h. Fibrocystic disease
Medical Terms
a. Sterilization – tubal ligation
b. Abnormal uterine bleeding
c. Culdoscopy
d. Dysmennorrhea
e. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
f. Endocervical curettage
g. Ovarian cyst
h. Pelvic inflammatory disease
i. Smegma
j. Lumpectomy
k. Radical mastectomy
l. mammogram
RESOURCES:
Notes – Tortora and Grabowski – 10th ed. – Chapter 28 (female only)
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Coloring Book Assignment – Plate 96, 97, 98, 100
Chapter Questions – pgs. 1058-1060 – questions: 12 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8), 15
Quiz - #8 – Female Reproduction
24
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
CONTENT
1.
2.
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
List the general functions of the respiratory system
Name and describe the locations of the organs of respiratory system
Describe the functions of each organ of the respiratory system
Explaint he mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Locate the respiratory center and explain how it controls normal breathing
Explain internal and external respiration
Trace the route of air through the respiratory system
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the respiratory system
Overview
a. Upper system
b. Lower system
c. Conduction portion
d. Respiratory portion
Anatomy
a. Upper System
i. Nose
1. cartilages
2. ala
3. nostrils
4. choanae
5. nasal cavity
6. nasal septum
7. turbinates/conchae
ii. pharynx
1. divisions
a. nasopharynx
b. oropharynx
c. laryngopharynx
2. accessory
a. tonsils
i. pharyngeal
ii. palatine
iii. lingual
iii. larynx
1. thyroid cartilage
2. epiglottis
3. cricoid cartilage
4. arytenoids
5. vocal cords
iv. trachea
b. Lower System
i. Bronchi
1. main stem
2. right main
3. left main
4. carina
ii. Bronchioles
iii. Alveoli
iv. Lungs
1. coverings
a. parietal pleura
b. visceral pleura
c. pleural space
d. chest wall
25
2.
lobes
a.
right
i. upper
ii. middle
iii. lower
b.
left
i. upper
ii. lower
3.
4.
3. hilus
4. fissures
c. accessory organs
i. ribs
1. true
2. false
3. floating
4. cartilages
ii. sternum
1. manubrium
2. body
3. xyphoid
iii. diaphragm
d. cavities
i. chest
ii. mediastimum
e. respiratory center
i. medulla oblongata
ii. chemoreceptors
1. central
2. peripheral
a. aortic bodies
b. carotid bodies
Physiology
a. Pulmonary ventilation
b. External respiration
i. Inhalation
ii. Exhalation
c. Internal respiration
d. Boyle’s Law
Pathophysiology/Med Terms
a. Pneumothorax
b. Airway resistance
c. Eupnea
d. Hypoxia
e. COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
f. Emphysema
g. Pulmonary Edema
h. Aspiration
i. Atelactasis
j. Bronchiectasis
k. Dyspnea
l. Epistaxis
m. Hemoptysis
n. Tachypnea
RESOURCES:
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
26
Chapter Questions – pgs. 848-849 – questions: 1, 2, 5, 6, 12(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8),
13 (1, 2, 3, 7, 8)
Quiz - #9 – Respiratory System
27
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
CONTENT
1.
2.
THE SPECIAL SENSES
Define the special senses
Name the parts of the eye and explain the function of each
Explain how the eye refracts light
Describe the visual pathway
Name the parts of the ear and explain the function each
Distinguish between dynamic and static equilibrium
Name the parts of the organs of smell and explain the function of each
Describe the five primary tastes
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the special senses
Olfaction
a. Anatomy
i. Olfactory receptors
ii. Olfactory bulb
iii. Olfactory nerve
Vision
a. Anatomy
i. Accessory structures
1. eyelids
a. palpebrae
b. palpebral fissure
c. tarsal plate
d. Meibomian glands
e. conjunctiva
2. eyelashes and eyebrows
3. lacrimal apparatus
a. lacrimal fluid/tears
i. lysozyme
b. lacrimal glands
c. puncta
d. lacrimal canals
e. nasolacrimal duct
4. extrinsic muscles
a. rectus
i. superior
ii. inferior
iii. lateral
iv. medial
b. oblique
i. superior
ii. inferior
ii. Primary structures
1. fibrous tunic
a. cornea
b. sclera
c. canal of schlemm
2. vascular tunic
a. choroid
b. ciliary body
i. ciliary process
ii. ciliary muscle
iii. zonules
c. iris
i. pupil
3. nervous tunic
28
a.
4.
retina
i. rods
ii. cones
b. optic disc
c. fovea centralis
d. macula lutea
e. lens
f. optic nerve
i. optic tract
ii. optic chiasm
iii. decussation
interior cavities
a. anterior
i. anterior chamber
ii. posterior chamber
iii. aqueous humor
b. posterior
i. vitreous humor
b.
3.
4.
physiology
i. sight
ii. visual pathway
iii. Accommodation
c. pathophysiology
1. accessory structures
a. chalazion
2. primary structures
a. Macular degeneration
b. Presbyopia
c. Myopia
d. Hyperopia
e. cataract
f. Color blindness
g. glaucoma
Gustation/Taste
a. Five primary tastes
i. Sour
ii. Sweet
iii. Bitter
iv. Salty
v. umami
Hearing and Equilibrium
a. Anatomy
i. Outer ear
1. pinna/auricle
2. external auditory canal
3. tympanic membrane
ii. Middle ear
1. malleus
2. incus
3. stapes
4. round window
5. oval window
6. mastoid sinus
7. Eustachian tube
iii. Inner ear
1. labyrinth
a. bony
b. membranous
2. vestibule
29
3.
b.
c.
a. utricle
b. saccule
c. semicircular canals
cochlea
a. organ of Corti
vestibulococchlear nerve
4.
Physiology
i. Sound waves
ii. Mechanical energy
iii. Fluid wave energy
iv. Equilibrium
1. static
2. dynamic
Pathophysiology
i. Deafness
ii. Meniere’s Disease
iii. Otitis Media
RESOURCES:
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Chapter Questions – pgs. 562-563 – 1, 2, 4, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
12, 13)
Quiz – #10 – Special Senses
30
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
THE URINARY SYSTEM
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - MALE
List the general functions of the urinary system
Describe the organs of the urinary system and list the functions of each
Describe a nephron and explain the functions of its major components
Describe the formation of urine
Describe the major components of urine
Explain the process and control of micturition
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the urinary system
Name the parts of the male reproductive system and describe the general function of each part
Trace the path of sperm cells from formation to the outside of the body
Explain the functions of male reproductive hormones including development of male secondary sex
characteristics
CONTENT
1. Urinary System
a. Anatomy
i. Kidneys
1. external
a. hilus
b. capsule
2. internal
a. renal cortex
i. glomerulus
ii. Bowman’s Capsule
iii. Proximal convoluted tubule
iv. Loop of Henle
v. Distal convoluted tubule
vi. Collecting ducts
b. renal medulla
c. renal pyramids
d. minor and major calyces
3. blood supply
a. renal artery
i. afferent arteriole
ii. efferent arteriole
b. renal vein
4. hormones
a. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
b. vasopressin
5. electrolytes
a. sodium
b. chloride
c. potassium
d. bicarbonate
e. calcium
f. phosphate
g. magnesium
6. buffers
a. carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
b. excretion of H+
c. excretion of CO2
d. acid/base balance
i. acidosis
ii. alkalosis
ii. Ureters
iii. Bladder
31
b.
c.
d.
2.
1. trigone
2. internal ureteral orifice
3. bladder neck/sphincter
iv. urethra
Physiology
i. Overview of function
1. regulating blood ionic composition
2. regulating blood pH
3. regulating blood volume
4. regulating blood pressure
5. maintaining blood osmolarity
6. producing hormones
7. regulating blood glucose levels
8. excreting waste and foreign substances
ii. testing
1. urinalysis
a. color
b. specific gravity
c. pH
2. blood
a. BUN/blood urea nitrogen
b. Plasma creatinine
Fluid compartments
i. Intracellular
ii. Extracellular
1. interstitial
2. plasma
medical terms/pathophysiology
i. dialysis
1. hemodialysis
2. continuous ambulatory peritonela dialysis (CAPD)
ii. urinary incontinence
iii. renal calculi
iv. urinary tract infection (UTI)
v. glomerulonephritis
vi. Nephroptosis
vii. intravenous pyelogram
viii. polyuria
ix. stricture
x. urinary retention
xi. oligouria
Male Reproductive System
a. Anatomy
i. Scrotum
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ii. internal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Testes
tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
cremaster muscle
seminiferous tubules
epididymus
ductus deferens
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory duct
spermatic cord
prostate
urethra
a. prostatic urethra
32
b. membranous urethra
c. penile urethra
d. external urethral orifice/meatus
bulbourethral glands
b.
c.
6.
iii. penis
1. corpus cavernosum
2. corpus spongiosum
3. glans penis
4. corona
5. foreskin/prepuce
iv. semen
v. hormones
1. leutinizing hormone
2. follicle-stimulating hormone
Physiology
i. Erection
ii. Ejaculation
Pathophysiology
i. Cryptorchidism
ii. Inguinal hernia
RESOURCES:
Notes – Tortora and Grabowski – 10th ed. – Chapters 26-27; Chapter 28 (Male only)
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Chapter Questions – pgs. 988-999 – questions: 12, 13 (10); pgs 1008 – questions: 2, 14;
pgs. 1058-1060 – questions: 3, 14 (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
Quiz – #11 – Urinary and Male Reproductive Systems
33
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
CONTENT
1.
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Name the organs of the cardiovascular system and discuss their functions
Name and describe the location and functions of the major parts of the heart
Trace the pathway pf blood through the heart chambers and pulmonary circulation
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the cardiovascular system
Discuss the cardiac cycle
Describe the cardiac conduction cycle
Compare the structure and function of the major types of blood vessels
Describe the mechanisms of the flow of blood through the systemic vascular system
Identify and locate the major vessels of the peripheral vascular system
Describe the general functions of the lymphatic system
Identify the location of the major lymphatic pathways
Describe how tissue fluid and lymph form and function
Describe a lymph node and its major function
Discuss the functions of the thymus and spleen
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the lymphatic system
Blood
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Composition
i. Plasma
ii. Cells
1. RBC’s/erythrocytes
2. WBC’s/leukocytes
a. Eosiniphils
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophils
d. Monocytes
e. macrophages
3. platelets
iii. whole blood
Function
i. Transportation
ii. Regulation
iii. protection
Characteristics
i. pH
ii. volume
Hematopoeisis
Hemostasis
i. Vascular spasm
ii. Platelet plug formation
iii. Blood clotting
iv. Vitamin K
v. Anticoagulants
vi. Thrombosis
vii. Thrombolytic agents
blood groups
i. A
ii. B
iii. AB
iv. O
transfusions
i. type and crossmatching
pathophysiology
i. DIC – disseminated Intravascular Clotting/Coagulation
34
2.
3.
Heart
a.
Anatomy
i. Location
ii. Layers
1. pericardium
a. parietal
b. visceral
2. myocardium
3. endocardium
iii. chambers
1. atrium
2. ventricle
iv. Valves
1. bicuspid
2. pulmonary
3. mitral
4. aortic
v. coronary circulation
1. right coronary artery
a. posterior interventricular branch
b. marginal branch
2. left coronary artery
a. left anterior descending branch
3. coronary veins
4. coronary sinus
vi. electrical conduction system
1. SA/sino-atrial node
2. AV/atrioventricular node
3. Bundle of His
4. Purkinje fibers
b. Physiology
i. Systole
ii. diastole
c. Pathophysiology
i. Tachycardia
ii. Bradycardia
iii. CHF/Congestive Heart Failure
iv. Coronary Artery Disease/CAD
v. Atherosclerosis
vi. Arteriosclerosis
vii. Myocardial Ischemia/Infarction
viii. Coarctation of the Aorta
ix. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
x. Septal Defects
xi. Tetralogy of Fallot
xii. Heart Block
xiii. Ventricular fibrillation
Peripheral Vascular System
a. Structure
i. Tunica adventitia
ii. Tunica media
iii. Tunica intima
1. valves
b. types
i. Artery
ii. Arterioles
iii. Capillaries
iv. Venules
v. Vein
35
vi. baroreceptors
Function
i. Blood pressure
ii. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
d. Pathophysiology
i. Varicose veins
ii. Edema
iii. Syncope
iv. Shock
Systemic circulation
a. Aorta
i. Ascending aorta
ii. Aortic arch
iii. Descending aorta
1. segments
a. thoracic
b. abdominal
c. lumbar
d. bifuraction
2. branches
a. celiac
b. superior mesenteric
c. renal
d. lumbars
e. inferior mesenteric
b. Peripheral Arterial System
i. Head and neck
1. Carotid
a. Common
b. external
c. internal
2. basilar
3. Circle of Willis
ii. Upper extremity
1. Brachiocephalic
2. Subclavian
3. Vertebral
4. Axillary
5. Brachial
6. Radial
7. ulnar
iii. Lower extremity
1. Iliac
a. common
b. internal
c. external
2. Femoral
a. superficial
b. deep
c. profunda
3. Popliteal
4. Tibial
5. Peroneal
6. Dorsalis pedis
c. Peripheral Venous System
i. Head and neck
1. Jugular
a. external
b. internal
c.
4.
36
5.
6.
ii. Upper extremity
1. Cephalic
2. Basilic
3. Subclavian
4. Brachiocephalic
iii. Lower extremity
1. Saphenous
a. Greater
b. Lesser
2. Femoral
a. superficial
b. deep
3. Popliteal
4. Tibial
d. Vena Cava
i. Inferior vena cava
ii. Superior vena cava
e. Azygos System
f. Hepatic Portal Circulation
i. Superior mesenteric vein
ii. Splenic vein
iii. Inferior mesenteric vein
iv. Portal vein
g. Pulmonary Circulation
i. Pulmonary truck
ii. Pulmonary artery
iii. Pulmonary vein
Pathophysiology
a. Aneurysm
b. Aortography
c. Carotid Endarterectomy
d. Claudication
e. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
f. Phlebitis
g. Thrombectomy
h. Thrombophlebitis
lymphatic system
a. anatomy
i. capillaries
ii. lymphatic trunks
1. lumbar
2. intestinal
3. bronchomediastinal
4. subclavian
5. jugular
iii. lymphatic ducts
1. thoracic
2. cisterna chili
3. right lymphatic duct
iv. lymph nodes
v. lymph organs
1. red bone marrow
2. thymus
3. spleen
4. tonsils
a. pharyngeal
b. palatine
c. lingual
b. physiology
37
7.
i. draining excess interstitial fluid
ii. transporting dietary lipids
immune system
a. anatomy
i. first-line defense
1. skin
2. mucous membranes
3. hair
4. cilia
5. lacrimal apparatus
6. saliva
7. urine
8. defecation
9. urination
10. vaginal secretions
11. sebum
12. perspiration
ii. second-line defense
1. antimicrobial properties
a. interferons
b. complement system
c. phagocytes
2. inflammation
3. fever
4. specific immunity
a. cell-mediated immunity
i. B cells
ii. T cells
b. Antibody-mediated immunity
i. Antigens
ii. Antibodies
b. Physiology
i. carrying out the immune response
RESOURCES:
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Chapter Questions – pgs. 657 – questions: 1, 6, 12, 13; pgs. 693-695 – questions: 1, 2, 7,
8, 12, 13, 15; pgs. 761-762 – questions: 6, 13, 14; pgs. 802803 – questions: 3, 5, 13
Quiz - #12 – Blood and Cardiac
Quiz - # 13 – Arteries, Veins and Lymph – combined quiz
38
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
CONTENT
1.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Explain the general functions of the nervous system
Describe the structure of a neuron
Explain how differences in function are used t classify neurons
Name four types of neuroglial cells
Explain how information travels from one neuron to another
List the common neurotransmitters
Describe the coverings of the brain and spinal cord
Describe the structure of the spinal cord and its major functions
Name the major parts of the brain and describe the function of each part
Distinguish between motor, sensory, and association area of the brain
Describe the function of cerebrospinal fluid
List the major parts of the peripheral nervous system
Name the cranial nerves and list their major functions
Describe the structure of a spinal nerve
Describe the functions of the autonomic, somatic, and enteric nervous systems
Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the nervous system
Nervous Tissue
a. Structures
i. Brain
ii. Cranial nerves
iii. Spinal cord
iv. Spinal nerves
v. ganglia
b. Functions
i. Sensory function
ii. motor function
iii. integrative function
c. Organization
i. Central nervous system
ii. Peripheral nervous system
1. somatic nervous system
2. autonomic nervous system
a. sympathetic division
b. parasympathetic division
3. enteric nervous system
d. Neurons
i. Dendrites
ii. Cell body
iii. Axon
iv. Synapse
v. Neuroglia
1. schwann cells
2. oligodendrocytes
vi. Myelination
1. myelinated
2. unmyelinated
3. gray matter
4. white matter
e. Pathophysiology
i. Tetanus
ii. Multiple sclerosis
iii. Epilepsy
f. Neurotransmitters
39
2.
3.
i. acetylcholine
ii. gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA)
iii. norepinephrine
iv. epinephrine
v. dopamine
vi. serotonin
vii. enkephlins
viii. endorphins
ix. dynorphins
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
a. Protective structures
i. Meninges
1. dura mater
2. arachnoid mater
3. pia mater
4. subarachnoid space
b. Anatomy
i. External
1. cauda equina
2. spinal nerves
3. posterior/dorsal root ganglion
4. anterior/ventral root ganglion
ii. Internal
1. anterior median fissure
2. posterior median sulcus
3. horns
4. sensory/ascending tracts
5. motor/descending tracts
c. Physiology
i. nerve impulse propagation
ii. information integration
d. Reflex Arc
i. sensory receptor
ii. sensory neuron
iii. integrating center
iv. motor neuron
v. effector
e. Spinal Nerves
i. Plexus
1. cervical plexus
2. brachial plexus
3. lumbar plexus
4. sacral plexus
ii. Intercostal nerves
iii. Dermatomes
f. Pathophysiology
i. Meningitis
ii. Nerve block
iii. Neuralgia
iv. Neuritis
v. Paresthesia
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
a. Major Anatomy
i. Brain stem
ii. Cerebellum
iii. Diencephalons
iv. Cerebrum
v. Blood-brain barrier
b. Meninges
40
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
d.
i. Dura amter
ii. Arachnoid mater
iii. Pia mater
Cerebrospinal Fluid
i. Anatomy
1. lateral ventricles
2. Third ventricle
3. Fourth ventricle
4. foramen of Monro
5. Aqueduct of Sylvius
6. foramen of Luschka
7. foramen of Magendie
8. arachnoid villi
9. superior sagittal sinus
ii. physiology
1. mechanical protection
2. chemical protection
3. circulation
iii. pathophysiology
1. hydrocephalus
brain stem
i. medulla oblongata
ii. pons
iii. midbrain
cerebellum
diencephalon
i. thalamus
ii. hypothalamus
iii. circumventricular organs
cerebrum
i. lobes
1. frontal
2. parietal
3. temporal
4. occipital
ii. limbic system
iii. areas
1. sensory
2. motor
3. association
iv. brain waves
1. alpha
2. beta
3. theta
4. delta
v. pathophysiology
1. aphasia
2. CVA – cerebrovascular accident
cranial nerves
i. types
1. sensory
2. motor
3. mixed
ii. names
1. olfactory
2. optic
3. oculomotor
4. trochlear
5. trigeminal
41
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear/acoustic
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory/accessory
hypoglossal
RESOURCES:
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Coloring Book Assignment – Plate 112, 120, 121, 124, 133
Chapter Questions – pgs. 415-417 – questions: 1, 2, 5, 12 (2, 9, 10, 12), 15 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14);
pgs. 448-450 - questions: 1, 2, 3, 8, 15;
pgs. 495-496 – questions: 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14 ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12), 15 (9, 11)
Quiz –#14 - Nerves and Nervous Tissue
Quiz – #15 - The Brain
Quiz – #16 - The Cranial Nerves and The Endocrine System – combined quiz
42
Classes - 2
OUTCOME:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
CONTENT
1.
2.
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Distinguish between exocrine and endocrine glands
Explain how hormones affect target cells
Define prostaglandins and their functions
Name and describe the location of the major endocrine glands and list the hormones they secrete
Describe the general functions of the hormones that endocrine glands secrete
Describe the pathophysiology associated with the endocrine system
hormones
glands
a. type
b.
i.
ii.
names
i.
ii.
endocrine
exocrine
hypothalamus
pituitary/hypophysis
1. anterior lobe
a. human growth hormone
b. thyroid-stimulating hormone
c. follicle-stimulating hormone
d. Luteinizing hormone
e. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
f. prolactin
g. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
2. posterior lobe
a. oxytocin
b. antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin
iii. thyroid gland
1. anatomy
a. lobes
b. isthmus
c. hormones
i. T3 – thyroxine
ii. T4 – tetraiodothyronine
iii. calcitonin
2. physiology
a. regulate basal metabolic rate
b. regulate cellular metabolism
c. regulate growth and development
iv. parathyroid gland
1. anatomy
2. physiology
a. regulation of calcium ions
b. regulation of magnesium ions
c. regulation of phosphate ions
v. Adrenal gland
1. anatomy
a. cortex
i. hormones
1. mineralocorticoids
a. aldosterone
2. glucocorticoids
a. cortisol
b. corticosterone
c. cortisone
3. androgens
43
b.
2.
3.
a. DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone
medulla
i. hormones
1. epinephrine
2. norepinephrine
3. dopamine
physiology
a. fight-or-flight response
b. acidosis regulation
c. regulate metabolism
d. stress reactions
e. blood pressure
f. sex drive
vi. pancreas
1. anatomy
a. islets of Langerhans
b. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
2. physiology
a. endocrine hormones
i. glucagons
ii. insulin
b. exocrine secretions
i. digestive enzymes
vii. ovaries/testes
1. anatomy/physiology
a. ovary
i. hormones
1. estrogens
2. progesterone
ii. gametes
1. ova
b. teste
i. hormones
1. testosterones
2. androgens
ii. gametes
1. sperm
viii. pineal gland
1. produce melatonin
ix. thymus
1. promote T cell maturation
Pathophysiology
a. Diabetes insipidus
b. Hypothyroidism
c. Myxedema
d. Grave’s disease
e. Goiter
f. Hypoparathyroidism
g. Hyperparathyroidism
h. Cushing’s Syndrome
i. Addison’s Disease
j. Diabetes Mellitus
i. Type I
ii. Type II
RESOURCES:
44
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
Chapter Questions – pgs. 630-631 – questions: 1, 2, 3, 13 (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
15, 16, 17, 18, 20), 14, 15 (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12)
Quiz – #16 - The Cranial Nerves and The Endocrine System – combined quiz
45
Chapter Written Assignments – 20% of Grade
Quiz Average - 60% of grade
Rev 1010TL
46
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 102 PERIOPERATIVE ISSUES
5 CREDITS, Lecture
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course provides knowledge in the areas of patient care directly affecting the
surgical experience. Included are an overview of the hospital, the Operating Room, its
equipment, and the surgical team; issues of Medico-Legal practice and communication,
principles of patient safety, identification, transportation, and positioning; medical
terminology and surgical pharmacology.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of hospital hierarchy, operating
room set-up and equipment, and operating room personnel.
2. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of verbal/written communication
techniques and skills.
3. The learner will identify issues related to Medico-Legal practice and the
development of the Surgical Conscience.
4. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of safe practice techniques in regards to
perioperative routines, patient transportation, positioning, and emergency
procedures.
5. The learner will demonstrate and integrate knowledge of relevant medical
terminology.
6. The learner will identify the elements, action, and use of medications and
anesthetic agents used during the perioperative experience.
TEXTS:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST: A
POSITIVE CARE APPROACH, Third Edition, P. Price, AST, Delmar
2. THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE, 9th E., D. Chabner, W.B. Saunders
3. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Fourteenth Edition,
Rothrock, Mosby Yearbook
5. PHARMACOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST, Second Edition,
Snyder/Keegan, W.B. Saunders
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
Computer-Assisted Instructional Programs
Curriculum Alternative Packages
ATTENDANCE:
SUMMARY OF TOPICS
A) PERIOPERATIVE ISSUES
I
INTRODUCTION AND ORIENTATION
II
THE JOB DESCRIPTION OF THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST
III
TYPES OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
IV
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
V
MEDICAL/LEGAL PRACTICE/INCIDENT REPORTS/ SURGICAL
CONSCIENCE
VI
PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE OPERATING ROOM
VII
COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND METHODS
VIII
IDENTIFY THE PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PATIENT
IX
IDENTIFICATION OF THE PATIENT COMING TO THE OPERATING
ROOM
X
THE PERIOPERATIVE CHECKLIST
XI
ISSUES CONCERNING CONSENTS
XII
TRANSPORT/TRANSFER A PATIENT BY STRETCHER
XIII
HANDLE SURGICAL SPECIMENS
XIV
CATHETERIZATION
XV
POSITION THE PATIENT
XVI
PATIENT LABORATORY/VITAL SIGN PARAMETERS
XVII
EMERGENCY CARE - CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
XVIII
PACU AND DISCHARGE PLANNING
B) MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
XIX
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY; PREFIXES, SUFFIXES,
AND COMBINING FORMS
XX
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO BODY STRUCTURE
XXI
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
XXII
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO FEMALE
REPRODUCTION AND
OBSTETRICS
XXII
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE SKELETAL AND
MUSCULAR SYSTEMS
XXIV
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
XXV
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
XXVI
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE URINARY AND MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
C) PHARMACOLOGY
XXVII
SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE IN THE HISTORY OF ANESTHESIA
XXVIII
PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF GENERAL, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL
ANESTHESIA
XXIX
PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENTS AND
CONVERSIONS
XXX
XXXI
RELATED TO PHARMACOLOGY
METHODS FOR HANDLING PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS ON THE
STERILE FIELD
BASIC PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS USED DURING SURGICAL
PROCEDURES
D) BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
XXXII
ELECTRICITY
XXXIII
PHYSICS
XXXIV ROBOTICS
Classes – 3
THE JOB DESCRIPTION OF THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST
OUTCOME:
1. Define the job description for a Surgical Technologist.
2. Describe and apply the affective behaviors of the Surgical Technologist.
3. Define the role of the Surgical Technologist in relation to other healthcare
providers in the operating room setting.
4. Describe related hospital departments and their functions.
5. Identify the roles of the team members in the operating room.
CONTENT
1. Job description
A. Definition
B. Purpose
C. need
1. protection
2. legality
2. Factors
A. job title
B. requirements
C. nature of the position
1. attributes
2. health and wellness maintenance
D. duties
E. accountability
F. immediate supervisor
3. Related hospital departments
A. nursing care units
B. diagnostic imaging
C. blood bank
D. clinical laboratories
E. pharmacy
F. other
4. Team members and their roles
A. anesthesia personnel
B. surgeon
C. assistants: first and second assistant(s)
D. scrub person
E. circulator
F. other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Notes – Lecture
3. Handout - Job Description - Surgical Technologist
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
2. Final Exam Questions
Classes – 1
TYPES OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify different types of patient-care settings.
2. Contrast and compare different types of patient-care settings.
3. Describe types of hospital funding sources and their impact on medical practice.
4. Describe the organizational structure/chain of command of the hospital.
CONTENT
1. Types of hospitals
A. Nonprofit
B. proprietary
C. tax supported
2. Funding sources
A. government
1. federal
2. state
3. local
B. insurance
C. private pay
D. other
3. Other facilities where surgery can be performed
A. ambulatory care center/surgicenter
B. health maintenance organization (HMO)
C. clinic
D. physician's office
E. veterinary hospital
F. other
4. Hospital organization
A. board of trustees
B. administrator(s)
C. departments
D. physician staff
E. Administrative structure for surgical services
1. Surgeons
2. nursing personnel
3. anesthesia personnel
4. allied health personnel
5. ancillary personnel
RESOURCES:
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 2
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify the concept of Universal Precautions.
2. Identify the concepts of and techniques for implementation of Standard
Precautions in the perioperative setting.
3. Identify common bloodborne pathogens found in today’s surgical setting.
4. Demonstrate implementation of Standard Precautions in mock lab and the
clinical setting.
CONTENT
1. Definition
2. Controls
A. Universal Precautions
B. Engineering Controls
1. sharps collection
2. suction cannisters
3. hoppers
C. Work Practice Controls
1. handwashing
2. not recapping needles
3. no touch sharps techniques
4. Heptovax immunization
D. Personal Protective Equipment
1. gloves
2. protective clothing
3. masks
4. goggles/face shield
E. Housekeeping Protocols
1. spills
2. equipment disinfection
3. instrument/supply decontamination
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Demonstration Tools - P.P.E. box
4. Guest Speaker - Berkshire Medical Center
5. Self-Study Packet – Berkshire Medical Center
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of Standard Precautions practices in lab/clinical
Classes – 1
THE PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE OPERATING ROOM
OUTCOME:
1. Describe the physical aspects of the Operating Room suite.
2. Describe the layout and area restrictions of the Operating Room suite.
3. Identify the equipment/ furniture commonly found in a basic OR suite.
4. Demonstrate proper application and use of OR attire.
CONTENT
1. Surgical suite
A. location within the hospital
B. floor plan
2. Principles of the layout
A. traffic control
B. environmental control
C. communication systems
3. Proper O.R. attire
A. clean uniform
B. lab coat
C. dedicated duty shoes
D. dress code
4. Operating Room
A. Location
B. floor plan
C. furniture
5. Systems and outlets
A. Oxygen
B. nitrous oxide
C. nitrogen
D. suction (vacuum)
E. electrical outlets
F. compressed air
6. Temperature and Humidity
7. Ventilation systems
A. rate of air exchange
B. positive air flow
C. laminar flow
8. Environmental safety
A. electrical hazards
B. fire safety
C. radiation precautions
D. LASER precautions
E. Other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Computer aided exercises
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 4
COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND METHODS
OUTCOME:
1. Identify the basic principles of communication.
2. Describe the components of communication.
3. List effective communication techniques.
4. List ineffective communication techniques.
5. Identify barriers to effective communication.
6. Demonstrate effective patient communication skills.
CONTENT
1. Means of communication
A. verbal
B. nonverbal
C. written
D. electronic
2. Purpose of communication
A. accurate record keeping
B. employee relations
C. teamwork
D. continuity of patient care
E. legal aspects
F. identifying needs
3. Communication relationships
A. employer-employee
B. team
C. patient
D. peer
E. other
4. Computer Skills
A. Basic Computer Function
1. On/Off
2. Drives
a. C: drive
b. A: drive
c. CD-ROM
d. Desktop
3. Monitor
4. Keyboard
5. Mouse
6. Printer
B. Word Processing
1. Toolbars
2. Finding/Opening Files
3. Text Manipulation
a. Changing Font Style/Size
b. Changing Case
c. Cut/Copy/Paste
d. Creating Footnotes/Endnotes
e. Underlining/Italicizing/Bolding
f. Numbering of Text
g. Spacing of Text
4. Page Numbering
5. Spell/Grammar Check
6. Saving Files
7. Scrolling
8. Printing Documents
9. Closing Files/Applications
C. Importing Graphics
a. Saving
b. Importing
c. Manipulation
RESOURCES:
1. Study Guide - in class
2. Group Discussion
4. Word Processing CAI Activity Book and Disk
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of positive patient communication skills in lab/clinical (evaluation)
4. Demonstration of positive team communication skills in lab/clinical (evaluation)
Classes – 5
DISCUSS MEDICAL/LEGAL PRACTICE
OUTCOMES:
1. Define common terms and doctrines related to medicalegal practice.
2. Define malpractice and negligence.
3. Describe legal aspects of surgical patient care.
CONTENT:
1. legal terminology
A. statutory law
B. common law
C. accountability
D. personal liability
E. corporate liability
F. negligence
1. commission
2. ommission
G. malpractice
H. gross/criminal negligence
I. tort
J. primum non nocere
K. aeger primo
L. respondeat superior
M. res ipsa loquitor
N. iatrogenic injury
O. other
2. Establishment of negligence
A. standard of due care
B. dereliction/failure to meet standard
C. foreseeability of harm
D. proximate (direct) cause of injury
E. damages
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 1
COMPLETE INCIDENT/SENTINEL EVENT REPORTS
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify the purpose of an incident report.
2. Identify the components of an incident report.
3. Describe the methodology for completing incident/sentinel reports.
4. Complete a mock incident report.
CONTENT:
1. definition
2. reporting
A. verbal
B. written
1. stating facts
2. complete, accurate details
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Handout - Incident Report Form
4. Handout - Incident Report Contents
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Completion of Mock Incident Report
Classes – 1
SURGICAL CONSCIENCE
OUTCOME:
1. Define surgical conscience
2. Identify the application of the principles of surgical conscience.
3. Demonstrate the application of the principles of surgical conscience.
4. Identify situations that undermine surgical conscience.
CONTENT:
1. Definition
2. Concepts
A. Protection of the patient
1. electrical hazards
2. moving and positioning
3. environmental protection
4. protection from psychological insult
5. anxiety and fear
6. unnecessary time under anesthesia
B. Aseptic technique
C. Ethics
1. respect for patient beliefs
2. respect for the patient as an individual
3. confidentiality
4. reporting incidents
5. honesty
3. situations that undermine Surgical Conscience
A. peer apathy
B. stress
C. fatigue
D. poor health
E. personal problems
F. staff relations
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of a surgical conscience in lab and clinical
Classes – 2
IDENTIFY PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PATIENT
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify the psychological needs of the perioperative patient.
2. Identify the physical needs of the perioperative patient.
3. Describe the components of the pre-operative checklist.
4. Identify common laboratory testing methods.
5. Identify the cultural/spiritual of the perioperative patient.
CONTENT:
1. Biopsychosocial considerations of the patient
A. Psychological considerations
1. fear
a. death
b. pain
c. anesthesia
d. mutilation/alterations in body image
e. cancer
f. external influences
1. job
2. money and finances
3. family
4. other
g. the unknown
2. dependence
a. lack of knowledge
1. surroundings
2. personnel
3. procedures
b. loss of independence/decision-making
3. special considerations of children
2. Physical considerations
A. Pre-operative check list
1. pre-op testing
a. CBC
b. U/A
c. Electrolytes
d. SMA-12
e. EKG
f. CXR
g. type/screen/crossmatch
h. disease-specific testing
2. general physical needs
a. identification/allergy bracelet(s)
b. dentures/prostheses/implants removal
c. hair piece/wig removal
d. void/catheterize
e. baseline vital signs recorded
B. Consent forms
C. skin preparation (shave/shower/bath)
D. bowel preparation
1. mechanical
2. chemical
E. NPO status
F. pre-op medications
3. Psychosocial considerations
A. spiritual needs
1. holy objects
2. prayer
3. visitation by clergy
B. general psychosocial needs
1. safety
2. surgeon/anesthesia visit
3. spiritual/family visit
4. other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Handout - Pre-op Checklist
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Student anecdotal of a surgical experience
Classes – 1
IDENTIFICATION OF THE PATIENT COMING TO THE OPERATING
ROOM
OUTCOME:
1. Describe the identification process for surgical patients.
2. Describe the process for reviewing the patient’s chart.
CONTENT
1. Purpose
A. correct patient
B. correct procedure
C. correct physician
2. The identification process
A. introduce self to patient
B. read patient's identification band
C. compare with patient's chart
D. compare band and chart information with the surgical schedule
E. request patient to verbally state name, procedure, and physician
F. report discrepancies
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
2. Final Exam Question
Classes – 2
ISSUES CONCERNING CONSENTS
OUTCOME:
1. Identify the purpose of informed surgical consent.
2. Identify the types of consents.
3. Identify the component of the consent form.
4. Describe the process to obtain consent for a surgical procedure or treatment.
5. Identify individuals who may legally give consent.
6. Describe the procedures followed in emergent situations regarding consent.
CONTENT
1. Responsibility of the physician to inform the patient
A. understandable language
B. no coercion or intimidation
C. proposed surgical procedure or treatment
D. potential complications
E. potential risks
F. alternative therapies and their relative risks
2. Purpose of a consent
A. protect patient
B. protect physician
C. protect hospital
D. protect personnel
3. Types of consent
A. general
B. specific
4. Consent contents
A. patient's legal name
B. surgeon's name
C. procedure to be performed
D. patient's legal signature
E. signature of witness(es)
F. date and time of signatures
5. Legal guidelines
A. of legal age or emancipated minor
B. mentally alert
C. legally competent
D. not under the influence of drugs
E. signed prior to entry into surgery or treatment
F. special circumstances
1. illiteracy
2. sensory impairment
3. other
6. Others authorized to sign consents
A. parent
B. legal guardian or agency
C. next of kin
D. administrator
E. court order
F. other
7. Consent witness
A. registered nurse
B. hospital employee
C. physician
D. other
8. Life threatening circumstances alter consent process
A. hospital policy dictates
B. methods
1. telephone
2. telegram
3. two consulting physicians not to include the operating surgeon
4. administrative consent
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Handout - Consent Form
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Checking for signed consent form in clinical externships
Classes – 2
TRANSPORT/TRANSFER A PATIENT BY STRETCHER
OUTCOME:
1. Describe the principles of patient transportation.
2. List the necessary equipment for patient transportation.
3. Identify methods for patient-assisted transfer.
4. Identify the concepts on non-patient assisted transfer.
5. Perform patient-assisted transfer.
6. Perform non-patient assisted transfer using a slide board.
CONTENT
1. Methods of transportation
A. stretcher/cart
B. patient's bed/crib
C. wheelchair
D. ambulatory
2. Applicable safety principles
A. side rails
B. safety belt
C. wheel locks
D. IV stands/pole
E. Traction
F. drainage collection devices
G. transport feet first
H. transport slowly, in full control
I. protect patient's dignity
J. individual needs
K. other
RESOURCES:
2. Demonstration Tools
a. stretcher
b. transfer sheets
c. mannequin with johnny, catheter bag, and IV
d. transfer board
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Skills demonstration in lab:
a. two-person assisted transfer
b. four person unassisted transfer
c. transfer sheet change transfer
4. Assisting with patient transfer in clinical – evaluation
Classes – 1
HANDLE SURGICAL SPECIMENS
OUTCOME:
1. Define “specimen”.
2. Describe the procedure for handling specimens on the sterile field.
3. Describe the procedure for handling specimens off the sterile field.
4. Describe the procedure for properly preparing various types of surgical
specimens.
5. Describe the common tests performed on surgical specimens.
6. Describe the process for labeling and documenting specimens.
7. Describe the proper storage of specimens.
CONTENT
1. Definition
2. Surgical specimen
3. Protocol
A. department policy
B. handling
1. on the field
2. off the field
C. surgeon's markers
D. positive identification
4. Containers
5. Specific types of specimens
A. frozen sections
B. permanent sections
C. stones
D. body fluids or washings
E. cytologic smears
F. cultures
G. amputated limbs
H. foreign bodies
I. legal evidence
J. other
6. Methods used
A. formalin
B. saline
C. none/dry
D. other
7. Specimen labeling
A. departmental policy
B. date
C. patient's name
D. pertinent patient data
E. diagnosis
F. surgeon
G. exact specimen title
H. precise test required
I. appropriate requisition
J. logging and documentation
8. Specimen storage
A. room temperature in department
B. refrigerator
C. direct transfer to lab
D. transfer to X-ray
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. specimen container/gloves
4. aerobic/anaerobic culture tubes
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Proper handling of specimens in clinical - evaluation
Classes – 5
POSITION THE PATIENT
OUTCOME:
1. Identify the principles of surgical positioning.
2. Describe the aspects of the surgical table.
3. Describe the type and use of positioning aides.
4. Identify the basic concepts of supine position and its’ modifications.
5. Identify the basic concepts of lateral position and its’ modifications.
6. Identify the basic concepts of supine position and its’ modifications.
7. Compare and contrast supine, lateral, and prone surgical positions.
8. Position the patient in the basic supine position.
CONTENT
1. Factors
A. anesthesia
B. surgeon
C. patient
D. procedure/incision site
E. safety
1. anesthesia access
2. IV access
3. physiological and anatomical considerations
4. security
5. other
2. Surgical table
A. table function
B. table accessories
3. Supplies
A. padding
B. stabilization devices
C. other
4. Positions
A. supine/dorsal recumbent
B. Trendelenburg
C. reverse Trendelenburg
D. Fowler's
E. Lithotomy
F. Kraske/jackknife
G. lateral/Simms
H. prone
I. other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Study Guide
4. Video – Positioning
a. O.R. table
b. table accessories
1. safety strap
2. arm board
3. pillow
4. stirrups
a. knee-crutch
b. string
c. Allen (leg/ankle)
5. pneumatic beanbag
6. footboard
7. Shea headrest/donut
8. blanket/towel roll
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of basic positioning skills in lab
Classes – 3 PATIENT LABORATORY/VITAL SIGN PARAMETERS
OUTCOME:
1. Identify the normal ranges for common laboratory tests.
2. Identify basic knowledge concepts regarding the measurement of body
temperature.
3. Identify basic knowledge concepts regarding the measurement of blood
pressure.
4. Identify basic knowledge concepts regarding the measurement of pulse/heart
rate.
5. Identify basic knowledge concepts regarding the measurement of respiratory
rate.
6. Perform measurement of blood pressure.
7. Perform measurement of radial pulse.
8. Perform measurement of respiratory rate.
CONTENT
1. Terms related to laboratory tests
A. Complete blood count
B. Urinalysis
C. Bleeding times
D. Blood chemistry
2. Normal values for laboratory testing
A. Complete blood count
1. RBC
2. WBC
3. Hematocrit
4. Hemoglobin
B. Bleeding times
1. Prothrombin time
2. Partial Thrombplastin time
C. Urinalysis
1. pH
2. color
3. other
D. Blood chemistry
1. blood urea nitrogen
2. fasting blood glucose
3. liver enzymes
4. electrolytes
5. creatinine
6. cholesterol
3. Terms related to vital signs
A. pulse
B. respiration
C. blood pressure
D. temperature
E. oxygen saturation
4. principles of vital signs
A. sites
B. equipment
C. methods
D. recording
E. normal values
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Demonstration - Vital signs measurements (Practical Nursing Representative)
a. pulse
b. oral/tympanic membrane thermometer
c. blood pressure cuff/stethescope
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of pulse/respiration/blood pressure/temperature measurement
Classes – 3
EMERGENCY CARE - CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
OUTCOME:
1. Understand the basic concepts of situations that can lead to the implementation
of CPR.
2. Understand the protocols of AHA – Healthcare Provider level CPR
3. Perform one-person CPR.
4. Perform two-person CPR.
5. Perform child CPR.
6. Perform Infant CPR.
7. Perform adult conscious/unconscious rescue breathing.
8. Perform child conscious/unconscious rescue breathing.
9. Perform infant conscious/unconscious rescue breathing.
10. Identify the role of the Surgical Technician during a “Code” situation.
CONTENT
1. Factors for Heart Disease
2. Indications for CPR
3. Performance of CPR
A. assessment
B. rescue breathing
C. cardiac compressions
4. Types
A. One-person
1. adult
2. child
3. infant
B. Two-person
1. adult
2. child
5. Choking
A. assessment
B. types
1. partial obstruction
2. total obstruction – conscious
3. total obstruction – unconscious
a. adult/child
b. infant
6. Role during arrest
A. scrub person
B. runner
7. Emergency supplies
A. defibrillator
B. "crash cart"
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Demonstration and Training/ certification course – guest provider
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
2. Certification - CPR American Heart Assoc. – Healthcare Provider
a. Adult CPR
1. one-person
2. two-person
b. Child/Infant CPR
c. Heimlick Maneuver
Classes – 1
PACU AND DISCHARGE PLANNING
OUTCOME:
1. Understand the basic procedures of admitting a patient to PACU
2. Discuss standard and procedure-specific discharge instructions
CONTENT
1. Postoperative Patient Care
a. Airway maintenance
b. Monitor vital signs
c. Note skin condition
d. Check IV, dressing, drains
e. Monitor post-operative discomfort
i. Pian
ii. Nausea/vomiting
iii. Thirst
iv. Abdominal distention
v. Urinary retention
2. Postoperative complications
a. Hemorrhage
b. Shock
c. Respiratory issues
d. Pulmonary embolus
e. Deep Vein Thrombosis
3. Equipment
a. Bedside
i. Airway
ii. Oxygen
iii. Suction
iv. Monitors
v. Stethoscope
vi. Emesis basin
b. Immediate Access
i. Tracheostomy tray
ii. Crash cart and defibrillator
iii. IV equipment
iv. Dressings
4. Critical Readiness Criteria for Discharge
a. Vital signs
b. Respiratory status
c. Reflexes
d. Orientation
e. Surgical consideration
i. Bleeding
ii. Extremity circulation
f. Pain
i. Etiology
ii. Pain prophylaxis
iii. Pain management
g. Nausea and vomiting
i. Post-op nausea and vomiting (PONV)
ii. Patient evaluation
iii. Management
h. oral intake
i. voiding
j. anesthesia considerations
5. Discharge
a. Institutional discharge policy
i. Institutional guidelines
1. written protocols
ii. patient assessment
iii. responsible adult
1. assistance
2. compliance with instructions
3. monitor progress
iv. instructions
1. format
a. user-friendly
b. understandable
2. content
a. medications
b. activity
c. diet
d. elimination
e. surgical side effects
f. complications
g. treatments/tests
h. post-discharge care access
i. follow-up care
i. surgeon
ii. physician
iii. surgical staff
RESOURCES:
1. Notes – PACU and Discharge Planning
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 2
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY; PREFIXES,
SUFFIXES, AND COMBINING FORMS
OUTCOME:
1. Define word roots and combining forms.
2. Define prefixes.
3. Define suffixes.
4. Identify the rules for combining word parts to create valid medical terms.
5. Identify and define surgically-related, basic prefixes, suffixes, and basic word
roots.
6. Form valid surgically-related, basic medical terms using prefixes, suffixes, and
basic word roots.
7. Pronounce valid, surgically-related, basic medical terms using prefixes, suffixes,
and basic word roots.
CONTENT
1. Elements
A. word root
B. prefixes
C. suffixes
2. Combining forms
A. word root combining forms
1. vowels
2. consonants
B. prefixes
C. suffixes
3. Pronunciation key
A. vowels
B. syllables
C. phonetic markings
D. primary and secondary accents
4. Suffixes related to Surgical Procedures
A. - centesis
G. - scopy
B. - ectomy
H. - stomy
C. - lysis
I. - tome
D. - pexy
J. - tomy
E. - plasty
K. - tripsy
F. – rrhaphy
5. Combining Forms for Selected Body Structures
A. aden/o
B. angi/o
C. append/o | appendic/o
D. cerebr/o | encephal/o
E. cutane/o | derm/a | dermat/o
F. mamm/o | mast/o
G. neur/o
H. ophthalm/o
I. ot/o
J. tonsill/o
K. vas/o
6. Suffixes That Pertain to Symptoms and Diagnosis
A. - algia
L.
B. - cele
M.
N.
C. - ectasia | ectasis
D. - edema
O.
P.
E. - emesis
Q.
F. - ia | -iasis
G. - itis
R.
S.
H. - ism
I. - malacia
T.
J. - ist
U.
V.
K. - ium
7. Selected Combining Forms
A. blephar/o
B. cardi/o
C. hemat/o
D. lith/o
H.
8. Word List
A. adenectomy
B. adenoids
C. angiogram
D. angioplasty
E. appendectomy
F. biopsy
G. blepharoplasty
H. carcinoma
I. cardiac
J. cardiologist
K. cardiology
L. cardiomegaly
M. cerebral
N. cerebrotomy
O. cerebrum
P. colonoscopy
Q. colostomy
R. cutaneous
S. dermal
T. dermatologist
U. dermatome
V. dilatation.
- megaly
- oid
- logist
- oma
- osis
- pathy
- ptosis
- rrhage | - rrhagia
- rrhea
- spasm
- stasis
E. oste/o
F. pyr/o
G. lith/o
W. spasm
X. ductus deferens
Y. edema
Z. emesis
AA.
encephalitis
BB. lithiasis
CC. lithotripsy
DD. lumpectomy
EE. mammography
FF. mastectomy
GG. mastitis
HH. mastopexy
II. neuralgia
JJ. neuroligist
KK. neurolysis
LL. neurosurgeon
MM. hysterectomy
NN. salpingo- oophorectomy
OO. ophthalmologist
PP. osteomalacia
QQ. otitis
RR. otoplasty
SS. pathogenic
TT. pathologist
UU. phlebitis
VV. ptosis
WW. stasis
XX. tonsillar
YY. tonsillectomy
9. Combining Forms for Color
A. chlor/o
B. cyan/o
C. erythr/o
10. Selected Combining Fors and Related Suffixes
A. - gram | -graph | -graphy
B. - logist | -logy
C. - lysis
D. -malacia
11. Prefixes Related to Numbers
A. nulliB. primiC. mono- | uniD. bi- | diE. tri12. Prefixes Related to Direction
A. abB. adC. ante- | preD. diaE. ecto- | ex- | exoF. epiG. en- | endo13. Prefixes of Condition
A. a- | anB. anti- | contraC. bradyD. dysE. eu14. Word List
A. aerobic
B. anesthesia
C. anesthesiologist
D. benign
E. bradycardia
F. carcinogen
G. carcinoma
H. cardiomegaly
I. cryptorchidism
ZZ. tonsillitis
AAA.
tracheostomy
BBB.
tracheotomy
CCC. urethral
DDD. vaginal
EEE. vascular
D. melan/o
E. xanth/o
E.
F.
G.
H.
–megaly
–pathy
–sclerosis
-scope | -scopy
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
quad- | quadri- | tetrahemi- | semimulti- | polyhyperhypo-
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
hypo- | subinterintraperipostretrosuper- | supra-
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
inmalparapertachy-
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
cyanosis
dermatitis
dermatologist
ectopic
electrocardiogram
electroencephalogram
endotracheal
epidermis
euthyroid
S. glossal
T. hyperthermia
U. hypodermic
V. lipoma
W. lithiasis
X. lithotripsy
Y. malignant
Z. microscope
AA. nullipara
BB. pathology
CC. postpartum
DD. prenatal
EE. primigravida
FF. pyrogenic
GG. quadriplegic
HH. sclerosis
II. suprarenal
JJ. supratonsillar
KK. tachycardia
LL. tonsillar
MM. unilateral
NN. xanthoma
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Text exercises
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Application of correct Medical Terminology in class/ lab/ clinical
Classes – 2
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO BODY STRUCTURE
OUTCOME:
roots terminology related to basic body structures.
basic word roots terminology related to basic body structures.
and basic word roots terminology related to basic body structures.
CONTENT
1. Classification of the body
A. directional aspects
1. anter/o
2. poster/o
3. ventr/o
4. dors/o
5. medi/o
6. later/o
B. body cavities
1. dorsal cavity
a. cranial cavity
b. spinal cavity
2. ventral cavity
a. thoracic cavity
b. abdominal cavity
c. pelvic cavity
3. supporrting terms
a. viscera
b. diaphragm
c. peritoneum
d. adhesion
2. Combining Forms Related to Body Structure
A. abdomin/o
B. blephar/o
C. cephal/o
D. cyst/o
E. lapar/o
7. superi/o
8. inferi/o
9. proxim/o
10. dist/o
11. cephal/o
12. caud/o
F.
G.
H.
I.
omphal/o
pelv/I
peritone/o
thorac/o
3. Combining Forms Related to Abdominal Organs
A. cholecyst/o
E. hepat/o
F. hyster/o
B. col/o
G. splen/o
C. colon/o
D. gastro
4. Word Parts Related to Body Fluids
A. dacry/o
B. lacrim/o
C. hem/a
D. hem/o
E. hemat/o
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
5. Word List
A. abdomen
B. abdominal
C. abdominocentesis
D. abdominopelvic.
E. abdominothoracic
F. adhesion
G. adrenal
H. anterior
I. anterolateral
J. anteromedian
K. anteroposterior
L. anterosuperior
M. anuria
N. blepharitis
O. blepharoptosis
P. caudad
Q. caudal
R. cephalad
S. cephalopelvic
T. cranial
U. dacryocystitis
V. dacryolithiasis
W. diaphragm
X. distal
Y. dorsal
Z. dorsolateral
AA. dorsoventral
BB. endoscope
CC. endoscopy
DD. hematology
EE. hematoma
FF. hematuria
GG. inferior
HH. inferomedian
II.
lacrimal
JJ.
cholecystotomy
KK. colostomy
LL.
cystectomy
MM. cystotomy
NN. gastrotomy
OO. hysterectomy
PP. laparoscope
QQ. laparoscopy
RR. laparotomy
SS. lateral
TT. medial
UU. median
VV. pelvis
WW. pertoneum
XX. mediolateral
YY. omphalocele
ZZ. paracentesis
AAA. peritonitis
BBB. polyuria
CCC. posterior
DDD. posteroanterior
EEE. posteroexternal
FFF. posterointernal
GGG. posterolateral
HHH. posteromedian
III.
posterosuperior
JJJ. proximal
KKK. pyogenic
LLL. pyuria
MMM. saliva
NNN. superior
OOO. thoracic
PPP. thoracoplasty
QQQ. thoracoscopy
RRR. thoracotomy
SSS. thorax
TTT. umbilical
hydr/o
lymph/o
py/o
sial/o
ur/o
UUU. umbilicus
VVV. ventral
WWW. viscera
XXX. visceral
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Text exercises
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 2
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
OUTCOMES:
roots terminology related to the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines,
gallbladder, liver, and pancreas.
basic word roots terminology related to the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
intestines, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas.
and basic word roots terminology related to the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
intestines, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas.
CONTENT
1. Word Parts Related to Digestive Organs
A. cheil/o
B. dent/i | dent/o | odont/o
C. gingiv/o
D. gloss/o | lingu/o
E. or/o | stomat/o
F. esophag/o
G. intestin/o | enter/o
H. duoden/o
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
jejun/o
ile/o
col/o | colon/o
cec/o
sigmoid/o
proct/o | rect/o
an/o
2. Word Parts Pertaining to Accessory Organs of Digestion
A. cholecyst/o
E. pancreat/o
B. bil/i | chol/e
F. sial/o
C. doch/o
G. periton/o
D. hepat/o
3. Word List
A. anal
B. anus
C. appendectomy
D. appendicitis
E. biliary
F. cecum
G. cholangiogram
H. cholangiography
I. cholangitis
J. cholecystectomy
K. cholecystitis
L. cholecystography
M. cholelithiasis
N. cholestasis
O. colitis
P. colon
Q. colonoscopy
R. colostomy
S. duodenal
T. duodenitis
U. duodenum
V. endoscope
W. endoscopy
X. esophageal
Y. esophagitis
Z. esophagus
AA. gastrectomy
BB. gastric
CC. gastritis
DD. gastrocele
EE.
FF.
GG.
HH.
II.
JJ.
KK.
LL.
MM.
NN.
OO.
PP.
QQ.
RR.
SS.
gastroenterologist
gastroenterology
gastrointestinal
gastroscopy
gastrostomy
gingival
gingivitis
glossitis
hepatitis
hepatomegaly
hypoglossal
ileocecal
ileostomy
ilelum
intestinal
TT. jejunum
UU. lingual
VV. pancreatitis
WW. pancreatolith
XX. pancreatolithectomy
YY. peritoneum
ZZ. peritonitis
AAA.
proctoscopy
BBB.
rectum
CCC.
salivary
DDD.
sialolithiasis
EEE.
sigmoid colon
FFF. sigmoidoscopy
GGG.
Stomatitis
HHH.
Choledochostomy
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Text exercises
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 2
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO FEMALE
REPRODUCTION
AND OBSTETRICS
OUTCOMES:
roots terminology related to female genitalia and Obstetrics.
basic word roots terminology related to female genitalia and Obstetrics.
and basic word roots terminology related to female genitalia and Obstetrics.
CONTENT
1. Word Parts Pertaining to Female Reproductive System
A. cervic/o
G. metr/o
H. oophor/o |ovar/o
B. colp/o | vagin/o
C. gynec/o
I. salping/o
J. vulv/o
D. hyster/o | uter/o
K. culd/o
E. mamm/o | mast/o
F. men/o
2. Word Parts Related to Obstetric Terms
A. amni/o
B. fet/o
C. nat/I
3. Additional Word Parts
A. extr-a
B. gon/o
C. lapar/o
4. Other terms
A. uterine
B. gynec/o
C. in utero
D. insitu
E. menses
5. Word List
A. amenorrhea
B. amniocentesis
C. amnion
D. amniotic
E. amniotomy
F. antepartum
G. cervical
D. par/o
E. –para
D. rect/o
E. triF. vesic/o
F.
G.
H.
I.
D&C
Obstetrics
Gestation
neo-
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
cervix uteri
cesarean section
colpitis
colpocervicitis
colpoplasty
colporrhaphy
colposcopy
O. conization
P. culdoscopy
Q. curettage
R. dysmenorrhea
S. ectopic
T. endometriosis
U. endometritis
V. endometrium
W. extrauterine
X. fallopian
Y. fetal
Z. fetus
AA. gynecologist
BB. gynecology
CC. hysterectomy
DD. hysteroptosis
EE. intrauterine
FF. laparoscope
GG. laparoscopy
HH. laparotomy
II. menopause
JJ. menorrhagia
KK. menses
LL. menstruation
MM. metrorrhagia
NN. multipara
OO. neonatal
PP. neonate
QQ. nullipara
RR. obstetrician
SS. obstetrics
TT. oophorectomy
UU. oophorsalpingitis
VV. ovarian
WW. ovary
XX. postnatal
YY. postpartum
ZZ. prenatal
AAA. salpingectomy
BBB. salpingitis
CCC. salpingocele
DDD. salpingo-oophorectomy
EEE. salpingorrhaphy
FFF. tubal ligation
GGG. tubal coagulation
HHH. primapara
III.
uterine
JJJ. uterus
KKK. vagina
LLL. vaginal
MMM. vaginitis
NNN. vulva
OOO. vulvar
PPP. vulvitis
QQQ. vulvectomy
RRR. culdocentesis
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Text exercises
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 3
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE SKELETAL AND
MUSCULAR SYSTEMS
OUTCOME:
roots terminology related the major bones of the body, the spine, cartilage,
articulations, muscles and associated structures of the skeletal and muscular
systems.
basic word roots terminology related to the major bones of the body, the spine,
cartilage, articulations, muscles and associated structures of the skeletal and
muscular systems.
and basic word roots terminology related to the major bones of the body, the
spine, cartilage, articulations, muscles and associated structures of the skeletal
and muscular systems.
CONTENT
1. Major Bones of the Body
A. crani/o
B. claviclu/o
C. cost/o
D. scapul/o
E. stern/o
F. vertebr/o | spondyl/o
G. ili/o
H. ischi/o
I. pub/o
J. humer/o
K. radi/o
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
uln/o
carp/o
metacarp/o
phalang/o
femor/o
patell/o
fibul/o
tibi/o
tars/o
metatars/o
A. calc/i
B. cervic/o
C. coccyg/o
D. lumb/o
E.
F.
G.
H.
myel/o
pelv/I
sacr/o
thorac/o
3. Additional Combining Forms
A. ankyl/o
B. arthr/o
C. burs/o
D. chondr/o
E.
F.
G.
H.
muscul/o
my/o
ten/o
tend/o
4. Word List
A. ankylosis
B. arthralgia
C. arthritis
D. arthrocentesis
E. arthroscope
F. arthrotomy
G. arthroscopy
H. calcification
I. carpal tunnel syndrome
J. carpophalangeal
K. cerebrospinal
L. cervical
M. cervix
N. bursitis
O. chondrocostal
P. chondromalacia
Q. clavicle
R. clavicular
S. coccygeal
T. coccyx
U. costal
V. costovertebral
W. craniectomy
X. cranioplasty
Y. craniotomy
Z. cranium
AA. fascia
BB. femoral
CC. femur
DD. fibula
EE. humeral
FF. humerus
GG. iliac
HH. ilium
II. intercostal
JJ. intervertebral
KK. ischial
LL. ischium
MM. laminectomy
NN. metacarpals
OO. metatarsals
PP. musculoskeletal
QQ. myalgia
RR. myelitis
SS. myeloencephalitis
TT. myopathy
UU. orthopedics
VV. orthopedist
WW. osteitis
XX. osteoarthritis
YY. osteochondritis
ZZ. osteomalacia
AAA.
osteomylelitis
BBB.
osteoporosis
CCC. patella
DDD. phalanges
EEE.
pubic
FFF.
radial
GGG. radius
HHH. sacral
III.
sacrum
JJJ.
scapula
KKK.
scapular
LLL.
spondylitis
MMM. sternal
NNN. sternum
OOO. subcoatal
PPP.
substernal
QQQ. tarsal
RRR. tendonitis
SSS.
tenoplasty
TTT.
thoracic
UUU. thorax
VVV.
tibia
WWW. ulna
XXX.
ulnar
YYY.
vertebra
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Text exercises
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 1
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
OUTCOME:
roots terminology related to the lung, bronchi, trachea, diaphragm and
accessory respiratory structures.
basic word roots terminology related to the lung, bronchi, trachea, diaphragm
and accessory respiratory structures.
and basic word roots terminology related to the lung, bronchi, trachea,
diaphragm and accessory respiratory structures.
CONTENT
1. Word Parts Pertaining to Respiration
A. ox/o
B. –pnea
C. alveol/o
D. bronch/o \ bronchi/o
E. bronchiol/o
F. laryng/o
G. phren/o
H. pleur/o
2. Word List
A. alveolar
B. alveolus
C. anoxia
D. apnea
E. bradypnea
F. bronchi
G. bronchial
H. bronchectasis
I. bronchioles
J. bronchitis
K. bronchodilator
L. bronchoscopic
M. bronchoscopy
N. diaphragm
O. dyspnea
P. edema
Q. endotracheal
R. epiglottis
S. exhalation
T. expiration
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
nas/o | rhin/o
pharyng/o
pneum/o | pneumon/o
pulm/o | pulmon/o
thorac/o
trache/o
lob/o
–ole
U. hyperpnea
V. hypoxia
W. inspiration
X. laryngitis
Y. laryngopharynx
Z. laryngoscopy
AA. larynx
BB. lobectomy
CC. nares
DD. nasopharyngeal
EE. pharyngitis
FF. pharyngeal
GG. pharynx
HH. phrenic
II. pleura
JJ. pleuritis
KK. pneumonectomy
LL. pneumohemothorax
MM. pneumonia
NN. pneumonitis
OO.
PP.
QQ.
RR.
SS.
TT.
UU.
VV.
pulmonary
respirations
respiratory
rhinitis
rhinoplasty
rhinorrhea
sinusitis
tachypnea
WW. thoracic
XX. thoracentesis
YY. thorax
ZZ. trachea
AAA. tracheal
BBB. tracheobronchial
CCC. tracheostomy
DDD. tracheotomy
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Text exercises
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 1
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
OUTCOME:
roots terminology related to the heart, blood vessels, blood, and lymphatic
system.
basic word roots terminology related to the heart, blood vessels, blood, and
lymphatic system.
and basic word roots terminology related to the heart, blood vessels, blood, and
lymphatic system.
CONTENT
1. Combining Forms for Specific Vessels
A. aort/o
B. arteri/o
C. arteriol/o
D. phleb/o | ven/o
E. venul/o
A. adenoid/o
B. ather/o
C. -emia | hem/a | hem/o
D. extraE. lymph/o
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
3. Word List
A. adenoidectomy
B. adenoids
C. aneurysm
D. aneursymectomy
E. angiography
F. aorta
G. aortitis
H. aortogram
I. arterial
J. arteriopathy
K. arteriosclerosis
L. arteritis
M. bradycardia
N. capillaries
O. cardiomegaly
P. cardiomyopathy
Q. cardiopulmonary
R. cardiovascular
S. cerebrovascular
T. edema
U. electrocardiogram
V. endocarditis
W. endocardium
X. endoscope
Y. endoscopic
Z. hematology
AA. hematoma
BB. infarction
CC. ischemia
DD. lymph
EE. lymphadenitis
FF. lymphadenopathy
GG. lymphangiogram
HH. lymphangiography
II. lymphoma
JJ. myocardial
lymphat/o
my/o
pulmon/o
splen/o
thromb/o
KK. myocarditis
LL. myocardium
MM. necrosis
NN. palatine tonsils
OO. pericarditis
PP. pericardium
QQ. pharyngeal
RR. phlebitis
SS. polyarteritis
TT. splenectomy
UU. splenomegaly
VV. tachycardia
WW. thrombophlebitis
XX. thrombosis
YY. thrombus
ZZ. tonsillectomy
AAA. tonsillitis
BBB. varicose
CCC. varicosity
DDD. vascular
EEE. vasoconstriction
FFF. vasodilation
GGG. vasodilator
HHH. venous
III.
venule
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Text exercises
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 2
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY SYSTEMS
OUTCOME:
roots terminology related to the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, scrotum,
testes, associated male genitalia, and excretion of body wastes.
basic word roots terminology related to the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra,
scrotum, testes, associated male genitalia, and excretion of body wastes.
and basic word roots terminology related to the kidneys, ureters, bladder,
urethra, scrotum, testes, associated male genitalia, and excretion of body
wastes.
CONTENT
1. Word Parts Pertaining to Structures of the Urinary System
D. pyel/o
A. cyst/o | vesic/o
E. ureter/o
B. glomerul/o
C. nephr/o | ren/o
F. urethr/o
2. Additional Combining Forms
A. hemat/o | hem/o | -emia
B. ur/o
C. urin/o
D. –uria
3. Word List
A. bilateral
B. catheter
C. catheterization
D. cystic
E. cystitis
F. cystocele
G. cystoscope
H. cystoscopy
I. cystostomy
J. cystourethrogram
K. glomerulonephritis
L. glomerulus
M. hematuria
N. intravenous pyelogram
O. lithotripsy
P. nephritis
Q. nephrolith
R. nephrolithiasis
S. nephrolithotomy
T. nephromalacia
U. nephromegaly
V. nephron
W. nephropexy
X. nephroptosis
Y. nephrosis
Z. nephrostomy
AA. oligouria
BB. polyuria
CC. pyelitis
DD. pyelogram
EE. pyelolithotomy
FF. pyuria
GG. renal
HH. retrograde pyelogram
II. unilateral
JJ. urea
KK. uremia
LL. ureter
MM. ureteral
NN. ureteroplasty
OO. urethra
PP. urethral
QQ. urinary
RR. urologist
SS. urology
TT. anuria
4. Word Parts Pertaining to Male Reproductive Organs
A. orchi/o | orchid/o | test/o |
E. semin/o
testic/o
F. spermat/o
B. pen/o
G. urethr/
C. prostat/o
H. vas/o
D. scrot/o
A. genit/o
B. hydr/o
6. Word List
A. circumcision
B. cryptorchidism
C. epididymitis
D. hydrocele
E. hypertrophy
F. orchidectomy
G. orchiditis
H. orchidoplasty
I. orchiectomy
C. ur/o
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
orchiopexy
penis
prostate
prostatectomy
prostatic
testes
transurethral
vasectomy
vasorrhaphy
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Text exercises
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Exam, quiz, and exercises average – 70% of grade
*** Final grade must be 85 or better ***
Classes – 3
PHARMACOLOGY HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES
OUTCOME:
1. Identify the basic concepts and terminology related to medications.
2. Discuss the historical events related to current practices in Pharmacology.
3. Identify legislation and regulations related to medications.
4. List medication forms.
5. Demonstrate proper preparation, handling and labeling of medications on the
sterile field.
CONTENT
1. Medication Concepts
A. Origins
B. Properties
C. Actions
D. Uses
1. application of substances to treat/cure diseases
2. to relieve undesirable symptoms
3. provide supplemental substances to the body
4. prevent diseases
5. diagnose disease states
2. Medication Forms
A. Seeds
B. Stems
C. Roots
D. Leaves
E. resin (sap)
F. glandular products
G. produced from minerals in the earth
H. artificial products
3. History
A. Egyptian
B. Greece
1. Chiron
2. Hippocrates
3. Dioscorides
C. Rome
1. Galen
D. Arabia
E. Middle Ages
1. Paraclesus
2. Cordus
3. Withering
4. Jenner
5. Serturner
F. 20TH Century
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
1. Food and Drug Acts of 1906 and 1938
2. Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914
3. Controlled Substances Act of 1970
4. Ehrlich – Salvarsan
5. Banting and Best – Insulin
6. Sulfonamides
7. Fleming – Penicillin
8. Cortisone
9. Salk and Sabin - Polio vaccines
10. Hepatovax (Hepatitis B vaccine)
11. Varivax (varicella vaccine)
12. Anti viral inhibitors
Drug Standards
1. National Formulary
2. Pharmacopedia of the United States of America
3. National Code Directory
4. Physician's Desk Reference
5. American Hospital Formulary Service Index
Drug Legislation
1. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act – 1906
2. Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914
3. Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1952
4. Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962
5. Controlled Substance Act of 1970
Legal Classifications of Medications
1. Controlled Substances
a. Schedule I
b. Schedule II
c. Schedule III
d. Schedule IV
e. Schedule V
2. Prescription Medications
a. Prescriptions
(1) superscription
(2) inscription
(3) subscription
(4) signa
(5) other
3. Nonprescription Medications
Medication Classifications
a. principle action
b. treat or prevent specific diseases
c. act on specific organs or body systems
Forms of Medications
1. Pills
2. Tablets
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
3. Caplets
4. Capsules
5. Spansules
6. Powders
7. Lozenges
8. Transdermal Patch
9. Suppositories
10. Solutions
11. Tincture
12. Lotion
13. Topical solution
14. Ointment
15. Aerosol
16. Syrup
Labeling
1. medication name
2. strength
3. form of medication
Medication Management on the Surgical Field
1. drug information
2. trade name
3. generic name
classification of the agent
1. action
2. uses
3. recommended dosages
Drug Administration Routes
1. oral
2. topical
3. instillation
4. parenteral
5. intradermal
6. subcutaneous
7. intramuscular
8. intravenous
9. intrathecal
10. intra-articular
Drug-related Definitions
1. agonist
2. antagonist
3. synergist
4. side-effect
5. adverse effect
The “Five Rights” of Drug Administration
1. “RIGHT” drug
2. “RIGHT” dose
3. “RIGHT” route
4. “RIGHT” patient
5. “RIGHT” time
R. DRAWING MEDICATIONS
S. RULES FOR MEDICATIONS ON THE STERILE FIELD
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Demonstration – Drawing medications into a Syringe
a. 10cc syringe
b. 18g 1 ½” needle
c. 25g 1 ½” needle
d. Xylocaine vial
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Correct handling, preparation, and labeling of medication – clinical setting
Classes – 5 IDENTIFY PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENTS AND
CONVERSIONS RELATED TO PHARMACOLOGY
IDENTIFY METHODS FOR HANDLING PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS
ON THE STERILE FIELD
OUTCOME:
1. Identify common abbreviations used in the surgical setting.
2. Perform basic mathematical computations related to medication dose
calculation.
3. Convert equivalents between the metric measurement system and the
apothecary measurement system.
4. Read a medication label.
5. Calculate medication dosages.
CONTENT
1. Mathematical computations
A. adding fractions
B. subtracting fractions
C. multiplying fractions
D. dividing fractions
E. expressing decimals
F. expressing numbers in Roman numerals
2. Terminology
A. abbreviations
B. units of measurement
3. Conversions
A. within the metric system
B. apothecary to metric
C. temperature conversions
4. Reading medication labels
A. name
1. trade name
2. generic name
B. dosage
C. vial contents
D. outdate
5. Calculating dosages
A. solids
B. liquids
C. calculating milligrams per milliliter
D. calculating dosage from physician's order
6. Handling medications on the sterile field
A. Pouring
B. Measuring
C. Drawing
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of Medication Dose Calculation – clinical
4. Demonstration of documentation on Surgeon's Preference Card – clinical
Classes – 2
IDENTIFY BASIC PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS USED DURING
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
OUTCOME:
1. Identify basic pharmacological agents used during surgical procedures.
2. Identify basic pharmacological agents used in an emergent situation.
CONTENT
1. Classifications of agents
A. anticoagulants
1. coumadin
2. heparin
3. protamine sulfate
B. anticoagulant antagonist
1. protamine sulfate
C. antibiotics
1. Penicillins and Cephalosporins
a. penicillin G
b. oxacillin
c. ampicillin
d. amoxicillin
e. Keflin
f. Keflex
g. Ancef/Kefzol
2. Sulfonamides
a. silvadene
3. Tetracyclines
a. vibramycin
4. Aminoglycosides
a. neomycin sulfate
b. Kantrex
c. Garamycin
5. Polymixins
a. aerosporin sulfate
6. Antimicrobials
a. bacitracin
b. cleocin
c. vancomycin
D. antipyretics
1. aspirin
2. acetaminophen
3. ibuprofen
E. Blood and blood volume expanders
1. blood products
a. Whole blood
b. packed red blood cells
c. plasma
d. clotting factors
e. albumin
2. blood volume expanders
a. Dextran 70
b. Dextran 40 – LMD
c. Hespan
F. coagulants
1. vitamin K
G. contrast media
1. Hypaque
2. Conray
3. Renografin
4. Cystografin
H. diuretics
1. Lasix
2. Mannitol
I. dyes
1. methylene blue
2. indigo carmine
3. gentian violet
J. emergency medications
1. sodium bicarbonate
2. aminophylline
3. epinephrine
4. lidocaine
5. atropine sulfate
K. hemostatic agents
1. thrombin
2. Avitene
3. Oxycel
4. Surgicel
5. Collastat
6. Gelfoam
L. histamine H2 antagonists
1. Tagamet
2. Zantac
M. intravenous solutions
1. normal saline
2. dextrose
3. lactated ringers
N. narcotic analgesics
1. meperidine
2. Fentanyl
3. morphine sulfate
O. Narcotic antagonists
1. naloxone
P. oxytocics
1. Pitocin/Oxytocin
2. Methergin
3. Prostins
4. Ergotrate
Q. sedatives/tranquilizers
1. diazepam
2. midazolam
R. steroids
1. Celestone
2. Decadron
3. Solu-Cortef
4. Solu-Medrol
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Assignment - Medication Card Development
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Completion of Medication Card Assignment
2. Quiz Questions
4. Demonstration of knowledge of medications on the surgical field – clinical
5. Submission of medication information - Surgeon's Preference Card - clinical
Classes – 1
OF
IDENTIFY TERMS AND SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE IN THE HISTORY
ANESTHESIA
OUTCOME:
1. Discuss terms related to anesthesia.
2. Discuss the historical background of anesthesiology.
CONTENT
1. People
A. Pare
B. Priestly
C. Simpson
D. Trendelenburg
E. Jackson, Chevalier
F. Cushinig
G. Long
H. Wells
I. Jackson
J. Jackson, Charles
K. Morton
2. Definition
A. anesthesia
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 18
REGIONAL,
IDENTIFY PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF GENERAL,
AND LOCAL ANESTHESIA ADMINISTRATION
OUTCOME:
1. Identify the concepts of general and regional anesthesia.
2. Identify the agents of general and regional anesthesia.
3. Identify the methods of administration for General and Regional anesthesia.
4. Discuss alternative methods of perioperative pain relief.
5. Discuss the complications of anesthesia administration.
6. Discuss equipment and methods for monitoring patient’s homeostasis.
CONTENT
1. Anesthesia classifications
A. general
B. regional
1. spinal
2. epidural
3. monitored anesthesia care
4. local
a. injection
b. topical
C. other
1. hypnoanesthesia
2. acupuncture
3. cryoanesthesia
2. Optimal Anesthesia Criteria
A. hypnosis
B. analgesia
C. amnesia
D. muscle relaxation
E. optimal patient positioning
F. maintenance of homeostasis
3. General Anesthesia
A. Anesthesia stages
1. Stage 1
2. Stage 2
3. Stage 3
4. Stage 4
B. Anesthesia Phases - Induction
1. Accomplishment
a. Airway
b. Devices
c. Selleck's Maneuver
2. Types
a. inhalation
1.
2.
3.
C. agents
a.
1.
2.
3.
concepts of
advantages
balanced
gases
oxygen
nitrous oxide
volatile liquids
a. halothane
b. enflurane
c. isoflurane
d. sevoflurane
e. desflurane
b. IV meds
1. Induction
a. sodium penthothal
b. methohexital sodium
c. propofol
2. dissociatives
a. ketamine HCl
3. High-dose narcotics
a. Fentanyl
b. Morphine
c. Meperidine
d. sufentanil citrate
e. alfentanil
f. remifentanyl
4. narcotic antagonists
a. naloxone
5. sedatives/tranquilizers
a. diazepam
b. midazolam HCl
6. benzodiazapine antagonists
a. flumazinil
D. Anesthesia phases - maintenance
1. concepts
2. agents
a. neuromuscular blockers
1. non-depolarizing
a) tubocurarine chloride
b) pancuronium bromide
c) vecuronium
d) atricurium
e) rocuronium bromide
f) mivacurium chloride
g) cisatricurium
2. depolarizing
a) succinylcholine chloride
3. testing
a. peripheral nerve stimulator
4. treatment for residual blockade
a. neostigmine
b. endrophonium
c. atropine/glycopyrolate
5. balanced anesthesia
a. definition
1. neuroleptoanalgesia
b. agents
1. Innovar
2. demerol/valium
6. antimuscarinics
a. action
b. agents
1. atropine
2. glycopyrolate
7. antiemetics
a. Zofran
E. emergence
F. recovery
4. Regional Anesthesia
A. concepts
B. advantages
C. disadvantages
D. contraindications
E. techniques
1. spinal
a. factors influencing the level
b. advantages
c. disadvantages
d. complications
2. epidural
a. advantages
b. disadvantages
c. complications
3. monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
4. local
5. topical
F. agents
1. esters
a. cocaine hydrochloride
b. procaine hydrochloride
c. tetracaine hydrochloride
d. cetacaine
2. amides
a. lidocaine hydrochloride
b. mepivacaine hydrochloride
c. bupivicaine hydrochloride
d. etidocaine hydrochloride
5. Other Anesthesia Techniques
A. cryoanesthesia
B. induced hypothermia
C. induced hypotension
D. hypnoanesthesia
E. accupuncture
6. Monitoring devices
A. electrocardiogram
B. blood pressure device
C. pulse oximeter
D. anesthetic gas monitors
E. temperature
7. Complications of anesthesia
A. aspiration
B. laryngospasm/bronchospasm
C. malignant hyperpyrexia
1. concepts
2. MH crisis
3. Treatments
D. shock
E. cardiac arrythmias
F. cardiac arrest
G. other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Demonstration tools
a. mask
b. laryngeal mask airway
c. endotracheal tube
d. oral airway
e. anesthesia machine
1. soda lime canister
2. vaporizer
3. semi-closed circuit tubing
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Completion of anesthesia medication cards
4. Demonstration of documentation on Surgeon's Preference Card - clinical
PHARMACOLOGY
Workbook/ Classroom Exercises – 35% of grade
Pharmacology Exam - 40% of grade
Grade average - 20% of final Perioperative Issues grade
PERIOPERATIVE ISSUES FINAL GRADE OUTCOME MEASUREMENT:
- passing grade in each component - Issues, Medical Terminology, and
Pharmacology
- average of three grades:
Issues - 50%
Medical Terminology - 30%
Pharmacology - 20%
Adopted 12/98AM
Revised 10/10 TL
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 103 - OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUES
4 CREDITS, Lecture, Laboratory
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course introduces techniques necessary during the surgical experience. Included are
scrubbing, gowning, and gloving; the establishment of the sterile field with the armamentarium of
sutures, instruments, and supplies. The laboratory component allows the student to observe and
return demonstrate the principles and procedures taught in the classroom in a non-patient contact
environment.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the techniques for performing scrubbing,
gowning, and gloving according to established procedure in written and demonstration
format.
2. The learner will identify the various classifications of surgical armamentarium,
including instrumentation, sutures, and equipment used during the perioperative
experience in written and demonstration format.
3. The learner will prepare a sterile surgical field using surgical armament according to
established procedure in written and demonstration format.
TEXTS:
APPROACH, Third Edition, Frey, AST, Delmar
2. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Fourteenth Edition, Rothrock,
Mosby Yearbook
3. BERRY AND KOHN'S INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUE, Eleventh
4.
OPTIONAL TEXT:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, Fourth Edition, Fuller,
W.B.Saunders
Demonstration and return demonstration
Required readings
Audiovisual aides
Quizzes, Examinations, Evaluations
ATTENDANCE:
Attendance at all classes and conferences is MANDATORY. All missed laboratory
experiences must be made up prior to competency evaluation.
SUMMARY OF UNITS
I
Introduction and Orientation
History of Surgery
Principles of Aseptic Technique
II
Orientation to the Operating Room Suite
Operating Room Furniture
III
The Surgical Scrub
IV
Gowning/Gloving
V
Draping Materials and Methods
VI
Establishing the Sterile Field
VII
Operating Room Supplies
VIII
Instrumentation
IX
Suture/Stapling Devices
X
Needles
XI
Wound Closure/Wound Healing
XII
Counting
XIII
Skin Preparation
XIV
Catheters/Drains/Dressings
XV
Equipment
XVI
Terminal Decontamination/Clean Up
Classes – 4
HISTORY OF SURGERY
PRINCIPLES OF ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify significant people in the history of surgery.
2. Identify common microbes associated with the surgical intervention.
3. List body defense mechanisms.
4. Demonstrate the use of proper O.R. attire.
5. Identify principles and applications of aseptic technique.
CONTENT
1. History
A. Ancient Indians
B. Hippocrates
2. deterents to surgical progress
A. pain
1. ETOH and opium
2. Dr. Crawford Long/ether
3. William T.G. Morton/ether
4. Chlorophorm
B. bleeding
1. ligatures (string)
2. hot iron/cautery/boiling oil
3. Pare/ligatures for bleeding
C. infection
1. Germ Theory/Louis Pasteur
2. Joseph Lister/applied the Germ Theory to the treatment of surgical wounds
3. modern hospital infection control plans
A. housekeeping and maintenance
B. air cleanliness/quality
C. cleanliness of the skin and apparel of the patient, surgeon, and personnel
D. sterility of the surgical equipment
E. aseptic technique
F. observance of hospital policy/procedures
G. infection control program
1. nature/characteristics of microbes capable of causing infection in surgical
patients
2. modes of transmission
3. methods/equipment for destroying/inhibiting microbes
4. The body's protective mechanisms
A. skin/secretions
B. mucous membranes
C. tears
D. lymphatics
E. antibody formation
5. common microbes
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
E. Neisseria meningitidis
F. Escherichia coli
G. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
H. Salmonela typhosa
I. Hemophilus influenzae
J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
K. Hemolytic streptococcus Type A
L. Clostridium perfringens
M. Clostridium tetani
N. Clostridium botulinum
O. Candida albicans
P. Hepatitis A virus
Q. Hepatitis B virus
R. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
6. O.R. attire
A. no street clothes within the restricted area
B. hood/hat
C. pantsuit or dress
D. pantyhose/hose
E. duty shoes/covers
F. warm-up jacket
G. mask
H. personal protective equipment
I. jewelry/nails/personal hygiene
J. lab coat/cover
7. Principles of Aseptic Technique
A. A sterile field is created for each surgical procedure.
B. Sterile team members are appropriately attired prior to entering the sterile field.
C. Movement in and around the sterile field must not compromise the sterile field.
8. Applications of the Principles of Aseptic Technique
A. All materials in contact with the wound and used within the sterile field must be
sterile.
B. Gowns are sterile in front from midchest to table level. The sleeves, to 3" above the
elbow are also sterile. The back of the gown must NOT be considered sterile.
C. Only the top surface of the draped table is sterile.
D. After a sterile package or container is opened, the edges are considered unsterile;
caps should not be replaced on bottles.
E. Sterile items and personnel only touch sterile items, unsterile items and personnel
touch unsterile items; do NOT reach over the sterile field; open away first
(unscrubbed) and close (scrubbed); hold basins out from the sterile field to receive
sterile fluids.
F. Movement around a sterile field must NOT cause contamination of the sterile field;
scrub stays close to the field, face to face, back to back transfers, the circulator
faces sterile fields when passing, Circulators do NOT walk between sterile fields;
talking/movement is kept to a minimum.
G. Whenever a sterile barrier is permeated, it is considered contaminated; liquid strike through, holes.
H. Items of doubtful sterility must be considered unsterile; items that fall on the floor
are contaminated; prepare sterile fields as close to use time as possible; do not
cover sterile fields.
I. Some operative areas cannot be sterile. Contamination is kept to a minimum;
aseptic technique is still carried out; most contaminated part of procedure is left for
last stages.
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Video - The Brutal Craft - History of Surgery
5. Posters - Principles of Aseptic Technique
a. O.R. attire - scrubs, hat, mask, eyewear
7. Video- Proper O.R. Attire
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of correct O.R. attire
4. Completion of video assignments
5. Demonstration of application of principles of aseptic technique
Classes – 2
ORIENTATION TO THE OPERATING ROOM SUITE
OPERATING ROOM FURNITURE
OUTCOMES:
1. Name basic OR furniture.
2. Identify the function of basic OR furniture.
3. List the basic furniture needed for a surgical intervention.
4. List associated equipment/furniture in the OR suite.
CONTENTS
1. Furniture
A. Mayo stand
B. ring stand
C. back table/drum
D. prep table
E. carts
F. OR table and accessories
G. Anesthesia machine and monitors
1. pulse oximeter
2. B/P monitor
3. Cardiac monitor
4. Ventilator
5. Vaporizer(s)
6. Soda lime canister
H. Sitting stools
I. Stand platforms/step stools
J. IV poles
K. Kick buckets
L. Suction apparatus
M. Linen/trash hampers
N. Clocks
O. Surgical lights
P. Communication system
Q. X-ray view box
R. ESU generator
S. Electrical outlets
T. Gas supply system
U. Stretcher
V. Blanket/solution warmer
W. Patient warming device
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
a. O.R.Table
b. O.R. furniture
1. Mayo stand
2. Back table
3. Ring stand
4. Prep table
5. Stretcher
6. Kick bucket
7. IV pole
8. ESU generator
9. Sitting stools
10. Stand/step stools
c. Anesthesia machine
1. ventilator
2. vaporizers
d. Video- Surgical Suite Tour - General Medical
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Completion of video assignment
Classes – 2
THE SURGICAL SCRUB
OUCOMES:
1. Perform a handwash.
2. Perform a surgical pre-wash.
3. Perform a surgical scrub.
CONTENT
1. Preparation
A. remove jewelry
B. secure mask and protective eyewear
C. open gown and gloves
D. other
2. The surgical scrub
A. antiseptic agents
B. open brush package
C. preliminary wash and rinse
D. timed/stroke method
1. five minute minimum scrub
2. five strokes/five cycles to hands; five strokes/three cycles to arms
E. rinsing
F. other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Handout - McCann Scrub Protocol
a. scrub sink
b. soap dispenser
c. scrub brush
d. clock with a second hand
e. trash basket
5. Video - Scrubbing, Gowning, and Gloving
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of five-minute, timed/stroke method surgical scrub
Classes – 4
OUTCOMES:
1. Perform
2. Perform
3. Perform
4. Perform
5. Perform
6. Perform
GOWNING/GLOVING
self-gowning.
gowning of others.
self-gloving – closed method
self-gloving – open method with a gown.
self-gloving – open method without a gown.
gloving of others – closed and open methods.
CONTENT
1. drying hands and arms
2. gowning self
3. gloving self
A. closed method
B. open method
4. gown and glove team members
A. gowning of other
1. donning
2. securing gown (unsterile)
B. gloving of other
1. unassisted
2. assisted
C. gown closure
1. sterile
2. unsterile
5. remove gown and gloves
6. other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Handout - Gowning and Gloving
a. sterile field
b. hand towel
c. surgical gown
d. surgical gloves
e. trash basket
5. Video - Scrubbing, Gowning, and Gloving
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of:
a. Drying
b. self-gowning
c. self-gloving
1. closed method
2. open method
d. gowning of other
1. donning
2. securing gown (unsterile)
e. gloving of other
1. unassisted
2. assisted
f. gown closure
1. sterile
2. unsterile
Classes – 2
DRAPING MATERIALS AND METHODS
OUTCOMES:
1. Discuss the underlying principles of draping.
2. Identify types of draping materials.
3. Discuss drape application concepts.
4. Demonstrate drape organization.
5. Demonstration drape application.
6. Demonstrate “cuffing”.
CONTENTS
1. Materials
A. woven textiles
B. non-woven fabric (disposable)
C. plastic
D. other
2. Types of drapes
A. towels
B. sheets
C. fenestrated drapes
D. split sheets
E. stockinettes
F. leggings
G. adhesive (incise) drapes
H. Mayo stand cover
3. Basic techniques
A. placing drapes
B. protecting gloved hands
C. securing drapes
D. applying incise drapes on skin
E. maintaining moisture-proof barrier
F. other
4. Draping OR furniture
A. tables
B. ring stands
C. Mayo stands
D. Other
5. Organization
A. reverse order
B. special drapes
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
a. mannequin
b. various types of drapes - drapes box
1. materials
a. paper
b. linen
c. towels
2. shapes/configurations
a. back table cover
b. wound towels
c. Mayo stand cover
d. half sheet
e. fenestrated sheet
f. incise/plastic drape
g. perineal sheets
c. Back table
d. Mayo stand
e. student for "leggings" draping over arms
5. Demonstration of incise drape application
6. Demonstration of "cuffing"
7. Demonstration of wound towel application
8. Demonstration of laparotomy sheet application
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
a. drape application
b. cuffing
Classes – 2
ESTABLISH THE STERILE FIELD
OUTCOMES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Apply the principles of asepsis during sterile field preparation.
Open sterile supplies.
Set-up the back table.
Set-up the Mayo stand.
CONTENTS
1. Opening sterile supplies (unsterile)
A. identify basic supplies
B. check sterility indicators
C. open packs using aseptic technique
D. open packs as close to the time of surgery as possible
E. dispense supplies using aseptic technique
2. Preoperative preparation of supplies and instruments (sterile)
A. organize draping materials
B. prepare prep table
C. drape Mayo stand
D. organize supplies
E. organize instrumentation
F. count
G. organize the Mayo stand
H. apply blades to scalpels
I. place ESU pencil and pad, suction tubing and tip, and other appropriate items to
begin the case on the Mayo stand
J. prepare and load appropriate suture materials
K. prepare medications and solutions
L. gown and glove the team
M. drape the patient
N. prepare tubings and cords
3. Intraoperative activities
A. opening activities
B. pass intrumentation
C. exchange sponges
D. anticipate the surgeon’s needs
E. prepare suture material
F. retract
G. perform terminal counts
H. prepare dressing materials
4. Postoperative activities
A. disassemble the surgical field
B. disassemble the sterile field
C. meet the needs of the surgical patient
D. terminal disinfection the environment
E. prepare for the next intervention
5. Application of Principles of Aseptic Technique
A. A sterile field is created for each surgical procedure.
B. Sterile team members are appropriately attired prior to entering the sterile field.
C. Movement in and around the sterile field must not compromise the sterile field.
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Handout - Principles of Aseptic Technique
5. Handout - Table Preparation- Scrub/Circulator
6. Demonstration tools:
a. wrapped items - linen/paper, paper/plastic, basin set, drape pack
b. furniture - back table, Mayo stand, ring stand
c. instrument set
d. basic supplies - sharps container, ESU, cleaner, penrose drain, suture reel, suture
ligature, #20,#10 scalpel blades, surgeon's gloves, towels
7. Video - Aseptic Technique
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
a. opening supplies/equipment
b. organization of sterile supplies/equipment
c. maintenance of Aseptic Technique
Classes – 3
OPERATING ROOM SUPPLIES
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify the name, function, preparation, and uses of various surgical gauzes.
2. Identify the name, function, preparation, and uses of syringes and hypodermic
needles.
3. Identify the name, function, preparation, and uses of various accessory supplies.
CONTENTS
1. Laparotomy packs
A. types
1. 18" x 18"
2. 4" x 18"
B. uses
C. marking
1. internal markers
2. rings
2. Sponges and dressings
A. types
1. 4x4's
a. radio-opaque
b. unmarked
2. peanuts/kitners/KD's
3. tonsil sponges
4. neurosurgical patties
B. uses
C. preparation
3. Accessory supplies
A. hypodermic and spinal needles
B. syringes
1. leur-lock
2. slip tip
3. irrigators
4. asepto
5. piston irrigating
C. basins and specimen containers
D. nerve stimulator
E. cassette covers
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
a. sponges - sponge box and kelly
b. syringes and hypodermic needles
c. nerve stimulator
d. cassette cover
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
2. Identification and use in Mock Lab
4. Correct identification and use in Surgery – Clinical
Classes – 3
INSTRUMENTATION
OUTCOMES:
1. Discuss the concepts of instrument composition.
2. Name general categories of surgical instruments.
3. Identify the finishes found on surgical instruments.
4. Name basic surgical instrumentation.
CONTENT
1. General categories
A. cutting/dissecting
B. grasping/clamping
C. retracting
1. hand-held
2. self-retaining
D. probing/dilating
E. other
2. parts of a surgical instrument
A. point/tip
B. jaw
C. box lock
D. shank
E. ratchets
F. finger rings
3. instrument finishes
A. bright, highly-polished, reflective
B. satin/dulled
C. ebonized
4. instrument care and handling
A. check function and integrity
B. cleansing method
1. washer/sterilize
2. ultrasonic cleaner
C. terminal sterilization
D. lubrication
E. preparation for sterilization
F. safety precautions
5. scalpel handles and blades
A. handles
1. #3
2. #4
3. #7
B. blades
1. #20
2. #22
3. #10
4. #11
5. #12
6. #15
6. common basic surgical instruments
A. sponge forceps
B. hemostats/collar kelly
C. kellys
D. allises
E. babcocks
F. needle holders
G. towel clips
H. forceps
I. scissors
1. metzenbaum
2. Mayo
J. retractors
1. Kelly-Richardson
2. Deaver
3. Army-Navy
4. Ribbon/Malluable
K. scalpel handles
L. probe/groove director
M. lap rings
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
3. Notes-Lecture
4. Instrument Identification Activity – Lab
5. Basic Abdominal Instrument Set
6. Instrument Identification Books
7. Video - Instrumentation
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz questions
3. Completion of Instrument Identification Activity
4. Identification of instrumentation in mock lab and clinical setting
Classes – 6
SUTURES/STAPLING DEVICES
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify the concepts of suture materials.
2. Discuss the history of wound closure.
3. List the qualities of wound closure materials.
4. List the types and characteristics of absorbable versus non-absorbable suture material.
5. List types of coatings on suture material.
6. List types of ligating clips.
7. List types of stapling devices.
CONTENT
1. Definitions
A. suture
B. ligature
C. free tie
D. stick tie/suture ligature
2. History
A. Egyptians and Assyrians
B. Hippocrates
C. Galen
D. Rhazes
E. Pare
F. Lister
3. Qualities of Suture
A. Absorption
1. Absorbable
a. short-term
b. long-term
2. non-absorbable
B. capillarity
1. monofilament
2. multifilament
C. tensile strength
D. inertness
4. Specifications of Suture Material
A. sterile when implanted
B. predictable uniformity in tensile strength
C. small enough diameter to be compatible with the surrounding tissue
D. knot security, remain tied, and give tissue support
E. inert
5. Suture Selection
A. biological characteristics of the material
B. healing characteristics of the tissue
C. location and length of the incision
D. presence of infection, abscess, contamination, and/or drainage
E. patient considerations influencing healing
F. physical characteristics of the suture material
6. Suture Materials
A. absorbable materials
1. short-term
a. surgical gut
1. plain gut
2. chromic gut
b. collagen
2. long-term synthetic
a. PDS (polydioxanone)
b. Vicryl
c. Dexon (polyglycolic acid)
d. Polysorb (glycolide colactide)
e. Maxon (polyglyconate)
f. Monocryl (polyglecaprone)
g. Biosyn
B. non-absorbable materials
1. surgical silk
2. cotton
3. nylon
a. monofilament
1. Dermalon
2. Ethilon
3. Monosof
b. Multifilament
1. Surgilon
2. Nurolon
3. Bralon
4. Polyester
a. Ticron
b. Dacron
c. Mersilene
d. Tevdek
e. Surgidak
f. Polydek
g. Ethibond
h. Ethiflex
5. Polyethylene
a. Dermalene
6. Polypropylene
a. Prolene
b. Surgilene
c. Surgipro
7. Polybutester
a. Novafil
8. surgical stainless steel
7. Coatings
A. polybutilate
B. polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE – teflon)
C. silicone
8. Clips
A. ligating clips
1. PDS
2. Stainless steel
3. Titanium
4. tantalum
B. skin clips
9. Staplers
A. Ligating and Dividing Stapler (LDS)
B. Linear Staplers
1. GIA/Linear Stapler
2. TA
3. EEA/Intraluminal Stapler
4. skin stapler
C. endoscopic staplers
10. Skin Closure Strips
11. Suture Sizing Considerations
A. standard sizing
B. B&S scale
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Handout – How To Read A Suture Label
5. Assignment – Suture Chart
6. Assignment – Suture Cards
7. Wall Chart – Cosmetic Wound Closure Chart
8. Demonstration - suture packets – suture box
9. Demonstration – stapling devices – stapling box
10. Demonstration – ligating clips – stapler box
11. Computer aided
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz questions
3. Completion of Suture Chart
4. Completion of Suture Cards
5. Identification of suture material in mock lab and clinical setting
6. Attendance at guest speaker lecture – suture
7. Attendance at guest speaker lecture – stapling devices
Classes – 3
NEEDLES
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify the components of a surgical needle.
2. Identify the types of needle points.
3. Identify needle bodies.
4. Identify needle eyes.
5. Perform needle loading.
CONTENT
1. purpose
2. classifications of needles
A. straight
B. curved
3. needle points
A. cutting
1. cutting
2. reverse cutting
3. side cutting
4. trocar
B. taper
1. taper
2. tapercut
C. blunt
4. considerations of the body of the needle
5. needle eyes
A. eyed
B. french eye/spring eye/split eye
C. eyeless
6. numbers of needles
A. single-armed
B. double-armed
7. attachment of needles
A. permanently swaged
B. controlled-release
8. mounting of needles
A. needle holder selection
B. placement
1. ¼ to 1/3 of the curve from the eye
2. 1-2 mm into the jaw
3. point away from the surgeon’s handedness
4. perpendicular to the needle holder
C. threading needles
D. passing needles/needle holder
9. suturing techniques
A. primary suture lines
1. continuous suture (running suture)
a. continuous
b. purse-string
c. subcuticular
2. interrupted suture
a. buried suture
b. mattress suture
3. other
a. ligatures
b. suture ligatures – “stick ties”
B. secondary suture lines
1. retention sutures
2. simple stitch – drain stitch
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Guest Speaker – Ethicon Incorporated
5. Demonstration - suture loading
a. suture material
b. needle holder
c. sharps box
6. Demonstration – suturing of tissue
a. Delletec models
b. suture
c. needle holder
d. forceps
e. suture scissors
f. sharps box
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz questions
3. Identification of needles in mock lab and clinical setting
4. Correct loading and passing of needles in mock lab
Classes – 3
WOUND CLOSURE/WOUND HEALING
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify factors in wound healing.
2. Define key terms related to wound healing.
3. Describe the phases of wound healing.
4. Describe wound-healing classifications.
5. Identify the classifications of surgical wounds.
CONTENT
1. factors influencing wound healing
A. nutrition
B. recuperative powers
C. protein supply
D. Vitamin C
E. Length of the operation
F. Incision length
G. Surgical technique – tissue handling
H. Patient’s stress level
I. Patient pre-existing conditions
2. Definitions
A. keloid
B. gangrene
C. adhesions
D. dehiscence
E. evisceration
3. phases of wound healing
A. substrate phase
1. vasoconstriction
2. vasodilatation
3. hemostasis
B. proliferative phase
C. remodeling phase
4. wound healing classifications
A. primary intention
B. secondary intention
C. third intention
5. classifications of surgical wound
A. Class 1 – Clean Wound
B. Class 2 – Clean-Contaminated Wound
C. Class 3 – Contaminated Wound
D. Class 4 – Dirty Wound
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Handout – Wound Classifications
5. Resource Book – Wound Closure – Ethicon
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz questions
Classes – 4
SKIN PREPARATION
OUTCOMES:
1. Discuss the purposes of skin preparation.
2. Identify basic equipment needed to perform skin preparation.
3. Identify the area for each surgical prep.
4. List the steps of the skin prep.
5. Discuss special techniques used when preparing contaminated areas.
CONTENT
1. Purpose
A. remove organisms
B. remove debris and skin oils
C. inhibit regrowth of microorganisms
2. basic equipment
A. sterile gloves
B. towels for draping and blotting
C. antiseptic solutions and containers
D. applicators
3. solutions
A. chlorhexidine gluconate
B. povidone – iodine
C. alcohol
D. other
4. technique
A. solution order
B. stroke method
5. special considerations
A. umbilicus
B. stoma
C. foreign body
D. traumatic wounds
E. graft sites
F. contaminated areas
G. other
6. skin marking
A. dye solution/marking pen
B. sterile needle/scalpel/suture
7. routine preps
A. abdominal
B. chest and breast
C. anorectal
D. external/ internal genitalia
E. extremity
F. eye
G. ear
H. face/nose
I. other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
a. mannequin
b. prep kit
c. prep table
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz questions
Classes – 3
CATHETERS/DRAINS/DRESSINGS
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify types of catheters and their uses.
2. Identify collection devices.
3. Describe the purposes of dressings.
4. List dressing materials.
5. Identify methods for securing dressings.
CONTENT
1. Catheters
A. purpose
B. materials
1. rubber
2. latex
3. PVC
4. Silicone
5. metal
C. type
1. red Robinson/red rubber
2. indwelling/retention
3. mushroom/Pezzar/malecot/
4. T-tubes
D. drainage/collection devices and attachment devices
1. catheter adaptors
2. 5-in-one connectors
3. bedside drainage
4. bile bag
2. drains
A. types
1. open
a. penrose
b. cigarette
2. closed
a. gravity
1. urinary drainage
2. T-tube
3. Mushroom/Pezzar/malecot
b. vacuum
1. Hemovac
2. Jackson-Pratte
3. Autologous blood retrieval drainage system
3. Dressings
A. Purposes
1. cushion/protect
2. absorb drainage
3. support/splint/immobilize
4. aid in hemostasis/decrease edema
5. patient comfort
6. maintain a moist environment
7. apply medication
B. types
1. primary
2. secondary
C. materials
1. primary
a. telfa
b. adaptic
c. xeroform
d. vaseline gauze
e. betadine gauze
f. plain gauze
g. rolled gauze (Kling)
h. kerlix sponges/roll
2. secondary
a. ABD pad
b. Webril (cast padding)
c. Ace bandage
d. Cast/splint
D. methods to secure dressings
1. tape
2. Montgomery straps
E. alternative dressing materials
F. skin preparation materials
1. Aeroplast
2. Benzoin
3. Mastisol
G. dressingless incisions
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
a. Catheters – catheter/drain box
1. red rubber and latex retention
2. 2-way and 3-way
3. balloon inflation
b. bedside drainage bag
1. regular
2. urimeter
c. drain box
d. dressing material box
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz questions
3. Identification of catheters in mock lab
4. Identification of drains in mock lab
5. Identification of dressing materials in mock lab
Classes – 8
OPERATING ROOM EQUIPMENT
OUTCOMES:
1. Define the concepts of LASER.
2. Identify types of LASERS.
3. Discuss LASER applications.
4. Identify concepts of minimally invasive surgery.
5. Identify common equipment in the Operating Room.
6. Identify the concepts of electrosurgery.
7. Discuss the concepts of the operative microscope.
CONTENT
1. LASER
A. definition
B. history
1. 1960
2. L’Esperancce
C. Construction
1. optical cavity or resonator
2. medium
3. reflective mirrors
4. pumping source
D. LASER light
1. monochromatic
2. collimated
3. coherent
E. mediums
1. solid
2. liquid
3. gas
4. semi-conductor
F. functions
1. thermal dissolution
2. photodynamic destruction
G. radiant exposure
1. absorption
2. power settings
3. time of exposure
4. size of the target
H. types
1. CO2
2. Tunable dye
3. Argon
4. Neodymium: Yttrium, Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG)
5. Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP)
6. Candella
7. Experimental
a. Krypton
b. Holmium:YAG
c. Excimer
d. Free Electron
I. Applications
1. GYN
2. ENT
3. Neurosurgery
4. Cardiovascular
5. Gastroenterology
6. Ophthalmology
J. safety precautions
1. eye protection
2. prep solutions/agents
3. fire precautions
4. draping/instruments
5. plume
6. warning signs
7. staffing
8. endotracheal tubes
9. surgical masks
10. footpedal
11. inadvertent burn
12. safety protocols
2. Minimally Invasive Surgery
A. concepts
B. advantages
C. disadvantages
D. components
1. visualization
a. telescope
b. light source
c. light cord
d. camera
e. video monitor
f. recording devices
1. VCR
2. printer
2. exposure of anatomy
a. cavity distention
1. thoracic cavity
2. abdominal cavity
(a) closed method
(b) open method
3. inguinal canal
b. retraction/exposure
1. trocar/cannula
2. reducers
3. instrumentation
a. concepts
b. hemostasis
1. ESU
2. ABC
3. LASER
c. tissue manipulation
1. forceps
2. endo-kittners
3. retractors
(a) fan retractor
(b) graspers
4. dissection
5. bowel/delicates
6. tissue visualization
7. tissue removal
d. tissue approximation
1. Endo-GIA
2. Suturing
(a) Ligating
(1) pre-tied suture loop
(2) ligating clips
(b) suturing
(1) external
(2) internal
a – free-hand
b – suturing device
E. Common Procedures performed laparoscopically
1. Cholecystectomy w/without Cholangiography
2. Appendectomy
3. Inguinal Herniorrhaphy
4. Periperal Lung Lesion Excision
5. Pericardial Window Formation
6. Oophorectomy
7. Salpingectomy
8. Myomectomy
9. Tubal Occlusion
10. Ablation of Endometriosis
F. Laparoscopic-assisted procedures
1. Bowel Resection
2. Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH)
3. Electrosurgery
A. Uses
1. seal blood vessels/achieve hemostasis
2. cut/dissect tissue
B. modes
1. coagulation
2. cutting
3. blend
C. history
1. DeForest
2. Bovie
3. Solid state generators
D. Current
1. flow
2. types
a. monopolar
b. bipolar
E. guidelines for application of the patient return electrode
1. site
2. pad considerations
3. documentation
F. Return Electrode Monitoring
G. Safety Considerations
4. Argon Beam Coagulator
5. CUSA – Cavitron Ultrasonic Suction Aspirator
6. Harmonic Scalpel
7. Robotics
A. robotic arm
B. voice-activated control system
C. remote surgical manipulator
8. Defibrillator
9. Fiberoptic light source
10. Headlight
11. Surgical Loupes
12. Nitrogen sources
13. Pneumatic Tourniquet
A. use
B. settings
C. cuff application
D. documentation
14. Endoscopes
A. History
1. early 19th century
2. Nitze
3. Jackson
4. 1887
5. 1902
B. components
1. viewing sheath
a. rigid
b. flexible
2. light source
a. fiberoptic bundle
b. bulb
3. power source
a. projection lamp
(1) quartz-halogen
(2) mercury-arc
(3) xenon
b. battery box
c. rheostat
4. accessories
a. surgical tools
(1) biopsy forceps
(2) catheters
(3) polyp retrievers
(4) polyp snares
(5) coin/foreign body retrievers
(6) sponge carriers
(7) ESU tips
b. microscope
c. LASER
d. cameras
C. hazards of endoscopy
1. perforation
2. bleeding
3. electrical
4. cross-contamination
D. endoscopy guidelines
1. handle scopes with care
2. endoscope and accessories should be sterile/high-level disinfected
3. prepared the same way for each patient
4. clean as soon as possible after use
E. patient safety considerations during endoscopy
1. procedure/medication reaction
2. topical anesthesia
3. protection of teeth, gums, and lips
4. hydrogen/methane gas precautions
5. check equipment for proper functioning
6. dissipate heat generated from equipment
7. smooth endoscope surfaces
8. patient exposure
15. Microscopes
A. Purpose
1. dissection and repair of fine structures
2. adaptation of operative procedures to the individual patient’s requirements
3. diminish operative trauma and complications
4. superior focal lighting of the operative field
B. history
1. von Leeuwenhoek
2. Lister
3. Abbe
4. Nylen
C. Considerations
1. compound
2. binocular
3. interchangeable objective lenses/eyepieces
4. employs light waves for illumination
5. stereoscopic viewing
6. zoom lens
7. operated by a foot control
8. mounting
9. procedure viewing/recording
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Videos
5. Websites
a. www.davincisurgerycommunity.com
b. www.computermotion.com
c. www.skeletalsimulations.com
6. Adjuncts
a. LASER
1. References – “Surgical LASERS” – AST Journal article – 9/93
b. Minimally Invasive Surgery
1. Manipulative aides – Minimally Invasive Surgery Box
a. trocars/cannulae
b. Verres Needle/insufflation tubing
c. Endo-GIA
d. Endo-instrumentation
e. Suture loops
f. Hydrodissector and tubing
g. Endo-ABC handpiece
2. Demonstration – Endocart
a. monitor
b. camera
c. light source
d. fiberoptic cord
e. telescope
f. laparoscopy box
3. References – “Endoscopic Surgery” – Ball – Mosby Perioperative Nursing Series
4. Video – Laparoscopic Suturing Techniques – Cook OB/GYN
c. Specialized Surgical Tools
1. Guest speaker – ValleyLab – Principles and Practices of Electrosurgery
2. Visual aides – ESU pencil/return electrode/holster/generator
3. CAI – Electrosurgical Principles and Practices
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz questions
Classes – 1
TERMINAL DECONTAMINATION/CLEAN UP
OUTCOMES:
1. Demonstrate the procedures for decontamination of the OR suite.
2. Prepare the OR suite for use.
CONTENT
1. techniques
a. disassemble the sterile field
b. disposal of disposable items
c. containment of instrumentation and equipment
d. disposal of linens
2. prepare the room for use
a. OR bed
b. Linen/trash
c. Suction canisters
d. other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Notes - Lecture
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Demonstration of terminal decontamination activities in mock lab
LABORATORY PRE-CLINICAL
Lab 1
SCRUBBING
OUTCOME:
1. Perform a surgical scrub.
MEASUREMENT:
1. performance of the surgical scrub
a. perform all steps and in proper sequence
b. perform within five to seven minute time frame
c. cover all anatomical areas
d. perform without breaks in aseptic technique
Lab 2
OUTCOME:
1. Perform
2. Perform
3. Perform
4. Perform
5. Perform
6. Perform
7. Perform
GOWNING AND GLOVING
drying.
self-gowning.
self-gloving – closed method.
self-gloving – open method with a gown.
self-gloving – open method without a gown.
gowning of others.
gloving of others – open and closed methods.
MEASUREMENT:
1. Perform drying
a. areas dried in correct sequence
b. towel folded correctly
c. performed without breaks in aseptic technique
2. Perform self-gowning
a. gown donned using correct sequence and positioning
b. performed without breaks in aseptic technique
3. Perform self-gloving – closed method
a. gloved using correct sequence
b. gown cuff not left exposed
4. Perform self-gloving – open method with a gown
a. create a sterile field
b. perform according to sequence
5. Perform self-gloving – open method without a gown
a. create a sterile field
b. perform according to sequence
6. Perform gowning of others
a. present towel in correct manner
b. present gown in correct manner
7. Perform gloving of others – open and closed methods
a. orient and present glove correctly
b. apply glove to hand and cuff using correct sequence
Lab 3
ESTABLLISHMENT OF THE STERILE FIELD
(Circulating Duties)
OUTCOME:
1. Gather surgical supplies.
2. Organize OR furniture.
3. Open sterile items.
MEASUREMENT:
1. Assemble furniture/supplies
a. place furniture in correct order
b. place sterile items on appropriate surfaces
2. Open Sterile Supplies
a. create a temporary sterile field for scrub’s gown and gloves
b. open the back table cover
c. open the basin set
d. open the instrument tray
e. open 4-way folded sterile items
f. open peel pack sterile items
g. pour solutions
h. perform without breaks in aseptic technique
Lab 3
DRAPE ORGANIZATION
OUTCOME:
1. Drape the Mayo stand.
2. Place procedural drapes in order of use.
MEASUREMENT:
1. Drape the Mayo Stand
a. covered neatly and efficiently
b. perform without breaks in aseptic technique
2. Place procedural drapes in order of use
a. arrange drapes in application sequence
b. prepare the wound towels
c. arrange gown/gloves in donning sequence
Lab 4
SET UP AND HANDLING OF THE SURGICAL
ARMAMENTARIUM
OUTCOME:
1. Organize surgical supplies.
2. Organize surgical equipment.
3. Organize instrument.
4. Perform the first perioperative count.
5. Practice intraoperative handling of surgical armamentarium.
MEASUREMENT:
1. Organize supplies, equipment, and instruments
a. perform in an organized, neat, and efficient manner
b. perform with minimal movement
c. perform according to McCann policy
2. perform the first perioperative count
a. perform efficiently
b. perform in an organized manner
c. account for all armamentarium
3. pass armamentarium
a. pass ringed instruments into surgeon’s hand
b. pass instruments with point down
c. pass forceps/scalpel into surgeon’s webspace
d. pass suture/needle holder without suture entanglement
e. pass suture/needle holder with proper needle orientation
f. exchange sponges in a timely basis
g. exchange sponges on an exchange basis
h. correct sponge placement for tissue layer
i. prepare and pass a “peanut/KD”
j. fill and pass an asepto syringe
k. pass a suture reel correctly into the surgeon’s hand
l. pass a “free tie” correctly
m. perform without breaks in aseptic technique
Lab 4-5
DRAPING TECHNIQUES FOR GENERAL AND
GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Demonstrate techniques for general abdominal draping.
2. Demonstrate techniques for GYN Lithotomy draping.
MEASUREMENT:
1. Drape for General Surgery
a. pass wound towels with correct orientation
b. pass wound towels from correct side of the OR bed
c. pass and apply sheets with correct orientation
d. perform cuffing while draping
e. perform without breaks in aseptic technique
2. Organize the Surgical Field
a. Arrange furniture in position
b. Attach suction/ESU to drape and pass off circulator’s end
c. Apply light handles/light gloves
d. Prepare sponges for use
e. Perform without breaks in aseptic technique
3. Drape for GYN Surgery in the Lithotomy Position
a. pass the under-buttocks drape with correct orientation
b. pass the leggings and assist in application
c. pass the abdominal sheet with correct orientation
Lab 6
DRAPING TECHNIQUES FOR ORTHOPEDIC HIP/LIMB
SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Demonstrate techniques for hip/limb draping.
MEASUREMENT:
1. drape for Orthopedic Hip/Limb Surgery
a. pass and apply under limb sheet with correct orientation
b. pass wound towels with correct orientation
c. pass and apply stockinette with correct orientation
d. perform cuffing while draping
e. perform without breaks in aseptic technique
Lab 7
STUDENT EVALUATION
1. All above outcome measurements will be demonstrated to the Instructor (with the
exception of GYN and LIMB draping) for grading. Demonstration is based on
theoretical instruction form the lecture component of the course.
2. Successful performance evaluation is base don attainment of a grade average of 80%
or better.
3. This grade counts as two quiz grades in SR 103 – Operating Room Techniques.
4. Successful performance is pre-requisite for entrance into SR 111 – Clinical Externship I
Study Guides – 15% of grade
Class Participation – 5% of grade
Quiz average – 50% of grade
Final Exam – 30% of grade
Adopted 12/98AM
Revised 10/10TL
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 104 - ASEPSIS
3 Credits - Lecture, Externship
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course provides an overview of the concepts and principles of Microbiology. Included
is a study of the history and significant people include in Microbiology, the study of microscopic
life forms, the relationship of microbes to disease and illness, and immunology. The course also
provides the necessary principles of surgical asepsis that must be maintained in the clinical
setting. Included are the history of asepsis, the principles and techniques of disinfection,
sterilization, antisepsis, and the development of the "Surgical Conscience". The externship
component permits hands-on work in the hospital setting learning instrumentation and surgical
supplies by working in an active Central Sterile Reprocessing Unit.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of microbiology in relation to their role as a
Health Care Provider in written format.
2. The learner will identify the purpose and principles for maintaining environmental
control in the Operating Suite in written format.
3. The learner will integrate principles of surgical asepsis, sterilization, disinfection, and
antisepsis as part of the patient care experience in written format.
4. The learner will prepare, assemble, and perform sterilization of surgical
armamentarium in Central Sterile Reprocessing
TEXTS:
1. MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST, Frey, AST, Delmar
OPTIONAL TEXT:
Mosby Yearbook
W.B.Saunders
1
TEACHING METHODS:
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
Computer-assisted instructional programs
Clinical Externship
ATTENDANCE:
SUMMARY OF UNITS
I
Introduction and Orientation
Basic Terminology, Principles, and People Related to Microbiology/Asepsis
II
The Microscope
III
Immunology
IV
Basic Microbes, Their Shape, Function, and Disease-Causing Abilities
V
Principles and Methods of Sterilization
VI
Principles and Methods of Disinfection and Antisepsis
2
Classes – 5
BASIC TERMINOLOGY, PRINCIPLES, AND PEOPLE RELATED TO
MICROBIOLOGY/ASEPSIS
OUTCOME:
1. Identify basic terminology related to microbiology and asepsis.
2. Discuss the historical aspects of the practices of asepsis in the Operating Room.
3. Discuss the principles and theories related to microbiology and asepsis.
CONTENT:
1. Definitions
A. Microbiology
B. Asepsis
2. History
A. Hippocrates
B. Vesalius
C. Galen
D. Fracastorius
E. von Leeuwenhoek
F. Jenner
G. Pasteur
H. Semmelweis
I. Tyndall
J. Lister
K. Koch
L. Nightingale
M. Nuber
N. von Bergmann
O. Erlich
P. Schick
Q. Dick
R. Fleming
S. Beijerinck
T. Salk/Sabin
U. Blumburg
V. Hilleman
3. Theories Related to Microbiology
A. Theory of Spontaneous Generation/Abiogenesis
B. Theory of Biogenesis
C. Germ theory of Fermentation
D. Germ Theory of Disease
E. Koch's Postulates
3
4. Definitions Related to Infection
A. Pathogen
B. Parasite
1. obligatory
2. facultative
C. Saphrophytes
D. Spores
E. transient microorganisms
F. resident microorganisms
G. toxins
1. exotoxins
2. endotoxins
H. relationship with oxygen
1. aerobes
2. anaerobes
I. infection
1. infectious agent
2. source
3. reservoir
4. community-acquired
5. nosocomial
6. stages of
7. factors influencing their development
a. source
b. agent
c. route of transmission and location of entry
d. host susceptibility
1) nutrition
2) age
3) obesity
4) chronic disease
5) presence of other infections
6) impaired immune system
7) duration of pre-op stay
8) type of operation
9) length of operation
10) operative technique
11) catheters/drains
12) indiscriminate use of antibiotics
13) breaks on O.R. technique
e. environment
f. infectious process
1) increased blood supply
2) phagocytosis
3) edema/swelling
4
8. carrier
a. convalescent
b. chronic/permanent
c. transitory/temporary
9. contamination
10. inflammation
a. definition
b. signs
1) redness
2) pain
3) swelling
4) heat
11. local/systemic infection
12. bacteremia
13. septicemia
14. sepsis
15. phagocytosis
16. pus
17. antigen
18. antibody
19. antibiotic
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Chapter Questions
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
5
Classes – 2
THE MICROSCOPE
OUTCOME:
1. Identify the basic components and functioning of the compound microscope.
2. Identify yeast using a monocular microscope.
CONTENT:
1. The Compound Microscope
A. ocular lens
B. objective lens
1. low-power objective
2. high-power objective
3. oil-immersion objective
C. illuminating system
1. light source
2. lens
3. diaphragm
D. adjustment knobs
1. Coarse adjustment Knob
2. Fine Adjustment Knob
E. connecting/supporting structures
1. body
2. arm
3. base
4. stage
5. turret/revolving nosepiece
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study diagram
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
6
Classes – 1
IMMUNOLOGY
OUTCOME:
1. Describe the various immune responses that occur in the body.
2. Describe the allergic reaction and treatment methodologies.
CONTENT:
1. Immunology
A. antigen
B. antibody/immunoglobin
C. antigen-antibody reaction
2. Immune response
A. lag phase
B. primary response
C. secondary response
3. Acquired immunity
A. active
1. natural
2. artificial
B. passive
1. natural
2. artificial
4. Sources of vaccines
A. nonpathogenic strains
B. closely related microorganisms
C. attenuated living pathogens
D. killed pathogens
E. extracts of pathogens
F. toxoids
G. immunoglobulin
5. Hypersensitivity
A. immediate
B. delayed
C. autoimmunity
6. Terminology
A. allergen
B. allergy
C. localized allergic reaction
D. anaphylactic shock
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
7
Classes – 5
BASIC MICROBES, THEIR SHAPE, FUNCTION, AND DISEASECAUSING ABILITIES
OUTCOME:
1. Identify the structure of basic cells.
2. Discuss the conditions that affect the life and death of microorganisms
3. Discuss the relationship between humans and pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria.
4. Identify factors that enable pathogens to invade a host and cause disease
5. Identify the general mechanisms that protect the human body from harmful foreign
substances.
CONTENT:
1. cell structure
A. eukaryotes
B. prokaryotes
2. prokaryotic cells
A. cell envelope
1. capsule
2. cell wall
3. cytoplasmic membrane
B. nucleoid
C. ribosomes
D. flagella
E. pili/fimbriae
F. spores
Principles of Microbe Classification
A. taxonomy
1. classification
2. nomenclature
3. identification
B. Linnaeus
C. taxonomy order
1. kingdom
2. phylum
3. class
4. order
5. family
6. genus
7. species
D. five divisions of Kingdoms
1. Animal
2. Plants
3. Fungi
4. Protists
5. Monerans
3. Protists
A. algae
8
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
1. cell structure
2. environment
3. reproduction
4. diseases
5. uses
fungi/yeast
1. cell structure
2. environment
3. reproduction
4. diseases
5. uses
molds
1. cell structure
2. environment
3. reproduction
4. diseases
5. uses
parasites
1. types
a. paramecium
b. amoeba
c. trichomonads
2. cell structure
3. environment
4. reproduction
5. diseases
6. uses
helminths/metazoals
1. cell structure
2. environment
3. reproduction
4. diseases
5. uses
arthropods/ectoparasites
1. cell structure
2. environment
3. reproduction
4. diseases
5. uses
bacteria
1. cell structure
2. environment
3. reproduction
4. diseases
5. uses
viruses
1. cell structure
2. environment
9
3. reproduction
4. diseases
5. uses
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
10
Classes – 5
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF STERILIZATION
OUTCOME:
1. Identify the principles of sterilization.
2. Identify methods of sterilization.
3. Discuss instrument/supply preparation for sterilization.
4. Describe sterility monitoring devices.
5. Identify equipment for creating post-sterility barriers.
6. Discuss the concepts of shelf life and post-sterility maintenance.
CONTENT:
1. concepts
A. bioburden
B. sterile
C. surgically clean
D. unsterile
E. contaminated
2. Considerations related to the product
A. Bioburden
B. Bioresistance
C. bioshedding of the packaging material
D. density of the packaging for the agent
E. biostate state of the microbe
3. Considerations related to the process
A. temperature
B. time
C. purity of the agent and the air
D. saturation/penetration
E. capacity of the sterilizer
F. humidity
4. Methods/Agents
A. Steam under pressure
1. types
a. Gravity displacement
b. Hi speed pressure sterilizer/"flash"
c. Prevacuum Sterilizer
d. washer sterilizer
2. considerations
a. destruction method
b. parameters
c. uses
d. advantages
e. disadvantages
11
B. EO/ETO - ethylene oxide
1. destruction method
2. parameters
3. uses
4. advantages
5. disadvantages
C. dry heat
2. parameters
3. uses
4. advantages
5. disadvantages
D. ionizing radiation
2. parameters
3. uses
4. advantages
5. disadvantages
E. cold/chemical sterilization - activated glutaraldehyde
2. parameters
3. uses
4. advantages
5. disadvantages
F. Peracetic/Acetic Acid
2. parameters
3. uses
4. advantages
5. disadvantages
G. Plasma Sterilization (hydrogen peroxide)
2. parameters
3. uses
4. advantages
5. disadvantages
5. Preparing items for sterilization
A. Cleaning
1. mechanical washing/manual washing
2. washer sterilizer
3. ultrasonic cleaner
B. Wrapping
1. wrapping materials
a. muslin
1. properties
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
b. Paper
12
1. properties
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
c. Paper/plastic
1. properties
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
d. Sterilization cases
1. properties
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
6. Packaging/ Opening of Sterile Items
A. cloth/paper
B. Drape packs/back table cover
C. small packages
D. blister/paper-plastic packages
E. solutions
7. control measures
A. Pressure-sensitive/gas-sensitive tape
B. Biological monitors
1. Steam - bacillus stearothermophilis
2. ETO - bacillus subtilis
C. Process monitors
D. Bowie-Dick monitor
E. Lot control/expiration date labels
8. shelf life
A. definition
B. variables
1. condition of storage
2. materials used for packaging
3. seal of package
4. package integrity
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Demonstration tools - wrapping (box)
a. muslin/paper
b. paper/plastic pouches
c. instrument sterilization case
5. Demonstration tools - monitors (box)
a. tape
b. biological monitors
c. process monitors
6. Lab Guides
a. How to Wrap - Four-Way folded Linen
b. How to Label Items for Sterilization
13
7. Wrapping Activity
a. instruments in linen
b. medicine glass in paper
c. towels in paper
d. basin set in paper
e. asepto/suture in paper/plastic pouches
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
3. Completion of Sterilization Chart
4. Completion of wrapping assignment – lab
5. Completion of CSR Competency Outcomes - see CSR Evaluation
14
|Classes – 3
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF DISINFECTION
OUTCOME:
1. Identify principles of disinfection.
2. Discuss techniques for disinfecting the OR environment.
CONTENT:
1. concepts
2. definitions
A. disinfectant
B. antiseptic
C. germicide
D. concurrent disinfection
E. terminal disinfection
3. classifications
A. germicide/bacteriocide
B. tuberculocide
C. virucide
D. sporicide
4. Factors when choosing a disinfectant
A. microbe resistance to chemicals
1. low-level
2. intermediate-level
3. high-level
B. level of cidal and mechanism of destruction
1. coagulate/denature cell protein
2. oxidate or bind enzymes
3. alter cell membranes
C. nature of the microbe contamination
D. requirements of the cleaning agents
1. housekeeping agents
2. instrument and equipment disinfectant
E. kill time
F. ease of disinfection
G. method of application
1. direct application
2. aerosol spray
3. fogging
H. temperature
I. surface tension
15
5. types of disinfectants
A. chemical
1. Halogens and halogen compounds
a. Types
1. Chlorine Compounds
2. Iodophores
b. indications
c. advantages
d. disadvantages
2. Heavy metals
a. types
1. mercurochrome
2. merthiolate
b. indications
c. advantages
d. disadvantages
3. Phenols and their derivatives
a. types
1. Hexachlorophine
2. carbolic acid (phenol)
b. indications
c. advantages
d. disadvantages
4. Synthetic detergent disinfectants (Quarterny Ammonium Compounds)
a. indications
b. advantages
c. disadvantages
5. Alcohols
a. Types
1. ethyl (grain)
2. isopropyl (rubbing)
b. indications
c. advantages
d. disadvantages
6. Formaldehyde (formalin)
a. indications
b. advantages
c. disadvantages
7. Glutaraldehyde (2% solution)
a. indications
b. advantages
c. disadvantages
16
B. physical
1. Boiling Water
a. indications
b. advantages
c. disadvantages
2. Ultraviolet Irridiation
a. indications
b. advantages
c. disadvantages
6. Cleaning Schedules in the O.R.
A. daily
B. intraop
C. post-op
D. weekly
E. monthly
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
3. Notes - Lecture
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
17
Classes – 2
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF ANTISEPSIS
OUTCOME:
1. Identify principles of antiseptic use.
2. Discuss techniques for the use of antiseptics in the OR environment.
CONTENT:
1. Principles
A. remove dirt and microbes
B. decrease the resident microbe count
C. prevent rapid rebound of microbes
2. Factors when choosing an antiseptic:
A. the condition of the involved area
B. the number and type of contaminants
C. the characteristics of the skin
D. the general physical condition of the individual
3. anatomy/physiology of the Skin
A. epidermis
B. dermis
4. Bacteria found in the skin
A. transient microbes
B. resident microbes
5. agent catagories
A. soaps and detergents
B. antiseptic agents
6. agents
A. Povidone-Iodine (Betadine)
1. concepts
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
B. Tincture of Iodine 1% (Lugol's solution)
1. concepts
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
C. 70% (isopropyl) alcohol
1. concepts
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
D. hexachlorophene 3%
1. concepts
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
E. benzalkonium chloride
1. concepts
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
18
F. chlorhexidine gluconate
1. concepts
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
G. PCMX
1. concepts
2. advantages
3. disadvantages
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
19
CSR EXTERNSHIP
CLINICAL 1-6
ACQUIRE EXPOSURE TO AND KNOWLEDGE OF SURGICAL
ARMAMENTARIUM PREPARATION
ACQUIRE EXPOSURE TO AND KNOWLEDGE OF IN-HOSPITAL
STERILIZATION METHODS
OUTCOME:
1. Prepare instruments/supplies/equipment for terminal disinfection/sterilization.
2. Prepare instruments/supplies/equipment for prospective disinfection/sterilization.
3. Wrap instruments in paper.
4. Wrap instruments in paper/plastic pouches.
5. Prepare instruments in sterilization cases.
6. Use a thermal sterilizer.
7. Use a chemical sterilizer.
CONTENT
1. Terminal decontamination/terminal sterilization
A. submersible instrumentation/equipment
B. non-submersible instrumentation/equipment
C. use of the washer-sterilizer
D. use of the ultrasonic cleaner
2. Preparation of instruments/equipment/supplies for sterilization
A. instrument/equipment handling
B. inspection of instruments/equipment
C. instrument identification/set assembly
D. wrapping in cloth or paper wrap
E. wrapping in plastic/paper wrap
F. preparing instrument sterilization cases
3. Monitoring devices
A. Mechanical monitors
B. Biological monitors
C. Chemical monitors
D. Test packs
4. Thermal sterilization
A. Loading the sterilizer
B. Selecting load parameters
C. Running the load
D. Unloading the sterilizer
5. Chemical sterilization
A. Types
1. Steris
2. Sterrad
B. Loading the sterilizer
C. Selecting load parameters
D. Running the sterilization cycle
E. Unloading the sterilizer
20
CRITERIA:
1. The student is required to attend each assigned clinical experience.
2. The student will be developing skills in instrument/supply/equipment terminal
disinfection and decontamination, instrument set preparation, and sterilization methods
employed by the institution.
3. The student is required to complete and submit a minimum of one instrument set card
per week, following the established guidelines.
4. The student is required to complete and submit a Clinical Journal of the week's
experiences, detailing the day's activities and tasks. Assignments are due and will be
submitted by Friday of the same week.
5. The student will be formally evaluated by the CSR staff at the end of the externship.
The student will receive copies of all evaluations. Evaluations will be kept on file by the
instructor.
RESOURCES:
1. Handout - Instrument Set Assignment
2. Clinical Competency Sheet - CSR
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Attendance at all clinical sessions
2. Weekly Journal Completion
3. Completion of Weekly Instrument Set Assignment
4. CSR Evaluation - passing grade of 75 or better
CLINICAL
-
Daily journal assignment - 20%
Presentation of one Instrument Set Card per day - 20%
Clinical Evaluation of Student Participation during CSR Externship - passing grade of 75
or better - 60%
NOTE: Overall CSR average is counted as 5% of grade in Asepsis. Failure to complete
any component of the CSR rotation will result in a grade of "F" for the externship and
the course.
COURSE OUTCOME MEASUREMENT:
Study Guides/Chapter Review Assignments - 20%
Class/Clinical Participation - 10%
Externship Component - 5%
Quiz Average - 25%
Final Exam - 40%
Adopted 12/98AM
Revised 10/10TL
21
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 110 - UNDERSTANDING SURGICAL PROCEDURES I
4 CREDITS, Lecture
PREREQUISITES: SR 102, SR 103, SR 104
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course explores the diagnostic and surgical interventions of Gastrointestinal/Biliary,
General, and OB/GYN Surgery.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the procedures and corresponding
armamentarium associated with Gastrointestinal/Biliary Surgery.
armamentarium associated with General Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Obstetrical and Gynecological Surgery.
TEXTS:
2. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Fourteenth Edition, Mosby
Yearbook
OPTIONAL TEXT:
W.B.Saunders
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
ATTENDANCE:
SUMMARY OF
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
UNITS
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF GENERAL SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF GENERAL SURGERY
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF
GASTROINTESTINAL/BILIARY SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTION
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF OBSTETRICAL/
GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERY
Classes – 5
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF GENERAL SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF GENERAL
SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the inguinal canal.
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of a hernia.
3. Identify types of hernias.
4. Identify the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of Hernia Surgery.
5. Review the anatomy and physiology of the breast and axillary region.
6. Discuss the pathophysiology of the breast.
7. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic interventions of Breast Surgery.
CONTENT
1. Hernias
A. concepts
B. definitions
1. fascia
2. acquired
3. congenital
4. direct
5. indirect
6. reducible
7. irreducible/incarcerated
8. strangulated
9. Hesselbach's triangle
C. types
1. inguinal
2. femoral
3. ventral
4. incisional
5. Spigelean
6. Umbilical
7. Epigastric
D. instrument/supplies
1. allises
2. self-retaining retractors (Weitlaner)
3. peanut dissectors
4. penrose drain or hernia tape
5. suture
6. mesh/patch material
a. Marlex Mesh
b. Gortex Patch
c. Surgisis
7. antibiotics
a. powder
b. intravenous
8. local pain management
a. bupivicaine
b. Duranest
E. procedures
1. inguinal
a. direct
b. indirect
2. femoral
3. ventral
4. incisional
5. Spigelean
6. Umbilical
7. Epigastric
2. Breast
A. Anatomy/physiology
1. nipple/aerolar area
2. lactiferous ducts
3. adipose tissue
4. pectoralis major
5. ribs
6. anterior chest wall fascia
7. axillary tail of Spence
B. Definitions/Pathphysiology
1. benign
2. ecchymosis
3. effusion
4. frozen section
5. fibrocystic disease
6. gynecomastia
7. hematoma
8. hidradenitis
9. lipoma
10. lymphadenitis
11. malignant
12. metastasis
13. nevus
14. palliative
15. decubitus ulcer
16. urticaria
C. Positioning
D. Instruments
1. ESU
2. curved Mayo scissors
3. allises
4. kockers
5. Laheys
6. right angles
7. snitz
8. Army-Navy
9. Senn retractors
10. med. Kelly-Richardson
A. supplies
1. sponges
2. drains
a. penrose drain
b. closed drainage
3. suture
B. Diagnostic Interventions
1. Mammography
2. Breast Biopsy
a. with needle localization
b. excision biopsy
3. Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Levels
C. Therapeutic Interventions
1. Lumpectomy
2. Simple Mastectomy
3. Modified Radical Mastectomy
4. Radical Mastectomy
5. Excision of Gynecomastia
6. Axillary Node Dissection
7. I&D of Breast Abscess
RESOURCES:
1. Hernia
a. Text Reading
b. Study Guide
c. Lecture
1. Notes
2. PowerPoint presentation
d. Manipulative Aides - Marlex Mesh
e. Manipulative Aides - Gortex Patch
f. ADAM - Fascia of the Inguinal Region
2. Breast
a. Text Reading
b. Study Guide
c. Lecture
1. Notes
d. Website:
www.nci.gov
e. ADAM - female breast
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 11
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF
DISCUSS THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the abdominal wall.
2. Review the anatomy and physiology of the Gastrointestinal System.
3. Discuss the pathophysiology of the Gastrointestinal System.
4. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions of
Gastrointestinal Surgery.
5. Review the anatomy and physiology of the Biliary System, Spleen, and Pancreas.
6. Discuss the pathophysiology of the Biliary System, Spleen, and Pancreas.
7. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions of Biliary
System, Spleen, and Pancreas.
CONTENT
1. Abdominal Regions
A. Right Upper quadrant
B. Left Upper Quadrant
C. Right Lower Quadrant
D. Left Lower Quadrant
2. Incisions
A. concepts
B. types
1. Vertical midline
2. McBurney
3. Subcostal
4. Pfannenstiel
5. Midabdominal transverse
6. Thoracoabdominal
7. Paramedian
8. Oblique
3. Layers of the abdomen
A. skin
B. fascia
C. muscle
D. peritoneum –parietal
4. Gastrointestinal Surgery
A. Anatomy and Physiology
1. Alimentary Canal
2. Stomach
a. fundus
b. body
c. antrum
d. greater curvature
e. lesser curvature
f. greater omentum
g. lesser omentum
h. rugae
i. function
3. Small Intestine
a. duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum
d. Papilla of Vater
e. Mesentery
f. ileo-cecal valve
g. Ligament of Treitz
4. Large Intestine
a. Cecum
b. Colon
1. ascending
2. transverse
3. descending
4. sigmoid
5. Hepatic Flexure
6. Splenic Flexure
7. teniae coli
8. haustras
9. epiploic appendices
10. rectum
11. Houston's valves
12. Anus
13. Peristalsis
B. Pathophysiology
a. adenocarcinoma
b. adhesion
c. anorexia
d. ascites
e. carcinoma
f. celiac
g. Crohn’s Disease
h. debulking
i. dehiscence
j. dyspepsia
k. dysphagia
l. evisceration
m. diverticulum
n. Dumping Syndrome
o. emesis
p. reflux esophagitis
q. fistula
r. flatus
s. GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
t. Indigestion
u. intestinal obstruction
v. intussusception
w. lavage
x. McBurney’s Point
y. mesenteric adenitis
z. paracentesis
aa. parenteral
bb. pseudomembranous colitis
cc. PUD (peptic ulcer disease)
dd. Perforation
ee. Plication
ff. Polydipsia
gg. Polyp
hh. Stenosis
ii. ulcerative colitis
jj. volvulus
C. Considerations for GI surgery
1. patient size and condition
2. mechanical preparation of the GI tract
3. Naso-Gastric tube (N-G tube)
4. foley catheterization
5. warm saline packs to wall off
6. bowel is closed in layers
a. mucosal layer
b. serosal layer
7. gentle, shod instruments on viable bowel
8. "bowel technique"
D. Surgical Stapling Devices
1. LDS
2. GIA
3. TA
4. EEA
E. Instruments
1. babcocks
2. kockers/oschners
3. allises
4. Allen clamps
5. Payr clamps
6. Glassman clamps
7. Doyen clamps
F. Bowel Closure by Hand
1. outside, back layer of serosa
2. inside back layer of mucosa
3. inside front layer of mucosa
4. outside front layer of serosa
5. Areas of potential leakage are oversewn
6. Mesentery defect is closed
G. Diagnostic/Theraputic Procedures
1. oral
a. EGD – Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
1. Esophageal dilation
2. Sclerosing of Esophageal Varices
3. Cauterization of Bleeding Gastric/Duodenal Ulcers
4. ERCP
b. Considerations for performing Oral Endoscopy
1. airway
2. positioning
3. psycho-social support
4. assisting the M.D.
5. biomedical
2. rectal
a. Sigmoido/Colonoscopy
1. Polypectomy
2. Reduction of a Volvulus
b. Considerations for Performing Rectal Endoscopy
1. Bowel perforation
2. Positioning
3. psycho-social support
4. assisting the M.D.
5. biomedical
H. Surgical Interventions
1. Excision of Esophageal Diverticulum
2. Repair of Hiatal Hernia
a. open
b. laparoscopic
3. Cardiomyotomy
4. Vagotomy
a. truncal vagotomy
b. Selective Vagotomy
c. Highly Selective Vagotomy
5. Pyloroplasty
6. Gastrostomy
7. Closure of Gastric/Duodenal Perforation
8. Gastrojejunostomy
9. Gastrectomy
a. Partial versus Total
b. Bilroth I – Gastroduodenostomy
c. Bilroth II – Gastrojejunostomy
d. Subtotal
e. Total
10. Gastric Bypass
11. Meckel's Diverticulum
12. Appendectomy
a. open
b. laparoscopic
13. Small Bowel Resection
14. Colostomy/Ileostomy
15. Closure of a Colostomy
16. Colectomy
17. Anterior Resection
18. Abdominoperineal Resection (Miles Resection)
19. Hemorrhoidectomy
20. Excision of Anal Fissure
21. Excision of Pilonidal Cyst/Sinus
5. Liver/Spleen/Biliary Tract/Pancreas
A. Anatomy and Physiology
1. Liver
2. Glisson's capsule
3. Hepatic ducts
4. Gallbladder
5. cystic artery
6. Pancreas
7. Duct of Wirsung
8. Common Bile Duct
9. ampulla of Vater
10. Islets of Langerhans
11. Spleen
B. Instrumentation
1. Randall forceps
2. gallbladder scoops
3. gallbladder trocar and cannula
4. choledochonephroscope
C. Diagnostic Interventions
1. ERCP - Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatograms
D. Theraputic Interventions
1. Cholecystectomy
a. open
b. laparoscopic
2. Cholecystostomy
3. Choledochotomy/ostomy
4. Cholecystoduodenostomy/Cholecystojejuntomy
5. Choledochoduodenostomy/jejunostomy
6. Drainage/Excision of Pancreatic Cyst
7. Pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure)
8. Pancreas transplant
9. Drainage of Subphrenic Abscess
10. Hepatic Resection
11. Splenectomy
RESOURCES:
1. Gastrointestinal
a. Text Reading
b. Study Guide
c. Lecture
1. Notes
d. Website:
www.orlive.com
e. ADAM - Digestive System
3. Bilary
a. Text Reading
b. Study Guide
c. Lecture
1. Notes
d. ADAM - Abdominal Overview
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 6
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTION
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF
OBSTETRIC/GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the female Reproductive System.
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the female Reproductive System.
3. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions of the
female Reproductive System.
CONTENT
1. Anatomy and Physiology
A. uterus
1. cervix
a. external os
b. internal os
c. isthmus
2. body
B. fallopian tubes
1. fimbriae
2. body
C. ovary
1. graafian follicle
2. corpus luteum
3. hormones
D. vagina
E. vulva
1. mons pubis
2. labia majora
3. labia minora
4. clitoris
5. vestibule
6. glands
a. Bartholin's glands
b. Skene's glands
2. Pathophysiology
A. Amenorrhea
B. Bicornuate
C. Descensus
D. Dilatation
E. Adnexa
F. dermoid cyst
G. dilation
H. dysmenorrhea
I. dyspareunia
J. dysplasia
K. dystocia
L. eclampsia
M. ectopic
N. endometriosis
O. endometritis
P. fibroid
Q. fundus
R. hydatidiform mole
S. infertility
T. in situ
U. insufflation
V. introitus
W. isthmus – uteri
X. leiomyoma- uteri
Y. menopause
Z. menorrhagia
AA. metrorrhagia
BB. multiparity
CC. myoma-uteri
DD. nullipara
EE. oviduct
FF. perimenopausal
GG. prolapse
3. Instrumentation
A. vaginal
1. Allises or vaginal bulldogs
2. Speculum
a. Auvard
b. bi-valve
3. dilators
a. Hanks
b. Hegar
c. Goodell
4. tenaculum
a. single-toothed
b. double-toothed
c. Jacob's
5. curettes
a. endocervical
b. endometrial
B. Abdominal
1. Heaney
2. Pfanuefs
3. Somer uterine elevator
4. O'Sullivan-O'Connor Retractor
5. Kockers/oschners
6. Babcocks
3. Diagnostic Procedures
A. Vaginal
1. EUA
2. Culdocentesis
3. D&C (dilation and curettage)
4. Hysteroscopy
5. Culdoscopy
B. Abdominal
1. Diagnostic Laparoscopy
a. open laparoscopy
b. closed laparoscopy
c. chromopertubation
2. Pelviscopy
4. Therapeutic Interventions
A. vaginal
1. Vulvectomy
2. Radical Vulvectomy
3. Anterior-Posterior Repair
4. Vaginal Fistula Repair
5. Cervical Conization/Biopsy
6. Marsupialization of Bartholin's Duct Cyst or Abscess
7. Vaginal Hysterectomy
8. Laparoscopic-Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy
9. Hymenectomy/Revision Episiotomy
10. Termination of Pregnancy
a. spontaneous
b. induced
c. suction curettage
d. dilation and evacuation
11. Shirodkar Procedure/Cervical Cerclage
B. abdominal
1. Laparotomy
2. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
a. Panhysterectomy
b. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy, Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
c. Supracervical Hysterectomy
3. Abdominal Myomectomy
4. Radical Hysterectomy
5. Pelvic Exenteration
6. Oophorectomy
7. Salpingectomy
8. Microscopic Tubal Reconstruction
a. tubal re-anastamosis
b. salpingoneostomy
c. fimbrioplasty
d. lysis of adhesions
9. Tubal division
a. Laparoscopically
1. coagulation and division
2. application of Falope-Rings
3. Hulka clips
b. Open Laparotomy
1. Pomeroy method
10. Vesico-urethral suspensions
a. Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz Procedure
b. Stamey Procedure
11. Cesearean Birth
a. indications for
1. malposition/malpresentation
a. transverse fetal lie
b. breech presentation
c. mental presentation
2. CPD (cephalopelvic disproportion)
3. abruptio placentae
4. toxemia
5. fetal distress
a. nuchal cord
b. meconium staining
c. fetal cardiac decelerations
6. uterine dysfunction
a. dystonia
b. prolonged labor
c. ruptured membranes greater than 24 hours
7. placenta previa
8. prolapsed cord
9. cervical/vaginal Herpetic infection
10. previous Section/VBAC
b. Anesthesia
1. general
2. spinal
c. Instruments
1. uterine clamps
2. delivery forceps
3. bandage scissors
d. supplies
1. small bulb syringe
2. large basin to collect placenta
e. considerations
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
3. Lecture
a. Notes
b. PowerPoint presentation
4. Video Pictures - Pelvic Anatomy
5. Manipulative Aides – GYN Instrumentation Set
6. Manipulative Aides - HUMI Uterine Manipulator
7. Manipulative Aides – FalopRings
8. Manipulative Aides - Hulka Clipa
9. ADAM - Female Reproduction
10. ADAM - OB/GYN Library of diagrams and procedures
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Study guides - 15% of grade
Adopted 12/98AM
Revised 10/10 TL
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 111 - CLINICAL EXTERNSHIP I
Tel.
413.663.5383
Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This experience involves the implementation of learned theory, principles, and procedures taught
in the classroom via patient contact as a member of the Operating Room team. This experience
takes place in local area hospitals and focuses on minimally complex surgical cases.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will perform various types of minimally complex surgical cases in the first
TEXTS:
APPROACH,Third Edition, Frey, AST, Delmar
Mosby Yearbook
OPTIONAL TEXT:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, Fourth Edition, Fuller, W.B.
Saunders
Required reading
Clinical Journal
1
ATTENDANCE:
Clinical Day 1-14 OBSERVE/PARTICIPATE IN/ PERFORM MINIMALLY COMPLEX
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
OUTCOME: The learner will observe, participate in, or perform minimally complex surgical
procedures.
MINIMALLY COMPLEX SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS
1. The student is required to obtain and prepare their daily assignment for the clinical
experience.
2. The student is required to prepare for their clinical experience by studying the
procedure, related anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, and surgical
armamentarium related to the assigned procedure(s) using your texts or outside
resources.
3. The student is required to prepare a Pre-Case Data Sheet for each and every assigned
case. These are due the morning of each clinical day. Failure to complete the assigned
data sheet will forfeit the student's assignment to scrub during that time slot.
Scheduling changes do not fall under this requirement.
4. The student is required to actively participate in Clinical Seminar. Students will present
scrubbed cases for review on a weekly basis.
5. The student is required to complete a Clinical Journal of the week's cases and
experiences and one Modified Surgeon's Preference File per week, to be passed in by
Friday of the same week. Late submissions will be reflected in the overall course
grade.
6. In order to meet the outcome competencies for graduation, the student must perform
a minimum of ten (10) minimally complex procedures in the “first scrub with assist” or
“first scrub solo” role during this rotation.
Clinical Seminar participation - 5% of grade
Daily completion of pre-case data sheet – 20% of grade
Evaluation of student by the instructor/ clinical assistant/ preceptor – average evaluation
score of "meets the standard" – 40% of grade
Rev 1010 TL
2
|SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 205 - OCCUPATIONAL ISSUES
1 CREDIT, Lecture
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course introduces the student to the ethical, legal, and moral values that relate to the
individual patient, the Surgical Technologist, and Operating Room procedures.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the professional aspects of Surgical Technology,
including certification, continuing education, and employment considerations.
2. The learner will acquire an understanding of the medical, ethical, legal, and moral values
which relate to the individual patient, the Surgical Technologist, and Operating Room
procedures.
3. The learner will demonstrate knowledge of the biopsychosocial issues of patient interaction,
including stress, loss, and grief.
TEXTS:
OPTIONAL TEXT:
1. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Thirteenth Edition, Rothrock, Mosby
Yearbook
Saunders
Required readings
Additional handout material
Audio-visual aids
Student presentation
Written assignments
SUMMARY OF UNITS
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
DISCUSS ISSUES CONCERNING THE PROFESSION OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
DISCUSS ISSUES CONCERNING CERTIFICATION/CONTINUING EDUCATION
DISCUSS ISSUES CONCERNING EMPLOYMENT
IDENTIFY STANDARDS OF PRACTICE GOVERNING THE OPERATING ROOM
IDENTIFY MAJOR ETHICAL ISSUES/CONFLICTS
IDENTIFY SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS INVOLVING MAJOR ETHICAL ISSUES
DISCUSS ISSUES CONCERNING TERMINAL ILLNESS/DEATH
Classes - 1
DISCUSS ISSUES CONCERNING THE PROFESSION OF SURGICAL
TECHNOLOGY
OUTCOMES:
1. Define the three principle organizations concerning the field of Surgical Technology.
2. Identify the professional organizations related to Surgical Technology.
CONTENT:
a. Organizations
1. AST – Association of Surgical Technologists
2. ARC-STSA – Accreditation Review Committee on Education in Surgical
Technology
3. NBSTSA – National Board of Surgical Technologists and Surgical Assistants
b. Credentialing
1. Certification
2. Registration
3. Licensure
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Notes - Lecture
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes - 1
DISCUSS ISSUES CONCERNING CERTIFICATION/
CONTINUING EDUCATION
OUTCOMES:
3. Discuss issues concerning certification in the field of Surgical Technology.
4. Identify the professional organizations related to Surgical Technology.
5. Discuss continuing education.
CONTENT:
a. mandated versus optional
b. purpose
1. validation of commitment to the profession
2. validation of minimal knowledge base
c. membership - Association of Surgical Technologists
d. certification examination
1. application for examination
2. documentation of education
e. continuing education
1. requirements
2. means of obtaining CEU's
a. seminars
b. inservices
c. home study
RESOURCES:
3. Text Reading
4. Notes - Lecture
5. Handout - AST Membership Application
6. Handout - NBSTSA Certification Exam Application
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
2. Quiz Questions
3. CEU assignment
Classes - 1
DISCUSS ISSUES CONCERNING EMPLOYMENT
OUTCOMES:
1. Write a resume and cover letter.
2. Discuss the interview process.
3. Discuss employment issues.
4. Discuss termination issues.
5. Identify the qualities needed for retention of a job.
CONTENT:
a. cover letter preparation
1. format
2. information
b. resume preparation
1. personal data
2. education history
3. employment history
4. professional associations, credentials, and achievements
5. references
c. interview skills
1. presentation
2. procedure
3. follow-up
d. job retention
1. attendance
2. job performance
3. interpersonal skills
e. employment termination
1. notice
a. verbal
b. written
2. exit interview
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Notes - Lecture
3. Overhead - sample resume
4. Skills USA –resumes and job interview skills
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
2. Preparation of a cover letter
3. Preparation of a resume
4. Performance of Skills USA competition – Job Interview, Open
Classes - 3
IDENTIFY STANDARDS OF PRACTICE GOVERNING THE
OPERATING ROOM
OUTCOMES:
1. Identify the Standards of Practice that are used to develop policy/procedures in the
O.R. Suite.
2. Identify methods of quality assurance.
3. Identify safeguards for the OR team.
4. List the principles of Surgical Technology.
CONTENT:
a. Guidelines for patient safety
1. Standards of Care
2. Standards of Professional Performance
3. Standards of Perioperative Nursing Practice
4. Standards of Administrative Nursing Practice
5. Patient Outcome Standards for Perioperative Nursing
6. AORN Standards and Recommended Practices for Perioperative Nursing
7. OR Nurses Association of Canada's - Recommended Standards for OR Nursing
Practice and Quality Assurance Audit
8. Australian Confederation of OR Nurses - Standards, Guidelines, and Policy
Statement
9. National Association of Theater Nurses of Great Britain - Codes of Practice
10. Association of Surgical Technologists - Standards of Practice
11. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations Standards (JCAHO
or Joint Commission)
12. 1965 Federal Medicare Act
13. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
14. Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI)
15. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
16. Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
17. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
18. Institutional Policies and Procedures
b. Other focus groups related to OR practice:
1. American Hospital Association (AHA)
2. American College of Surgeons (ACS)
3. Center for Disease Control (CDC)
4. World Health Organization (WHO)
c. Quality Assurance
1. PSRO - Professional Standards Review Organization
2. JCAHO
3. Audits
4. Peer Review
d. The ANA Patient Bill Of Rights – American Nurse’s Association
e. AST Code Of Ethics
f. Doctrines of the Surgical Technologist –
1. primum non nocere
2. aeger primo
g. DNR
h. Advanced Directives
1. living will
2. durable power of attorney for healthcare
i. Right to Decline Treatment
j. Malsow’s Heirachy of Needs
k. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
l. Safeguards for the O.R. team
1. Credentials
2. Insurance
3. Orientation/Inservice
4. Work Assignment
5. Open communication channels
6. Report Impaired colleagues
7. Work as a team
a. group dynamics
b. leadership styles and strategies
c. affective behaviors of the profession
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Notes - Lecture
3. Handout - AST Standards of Practice
4. Visual Aide – AST website – www.ast.org
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
2. Leadership activity
Classes - 4
IDENTIFY MAJOR ETHICAL ISSUES/CONFLICTS
IDENTIFY SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS INVOLVING
MAJOR ETHICAL ISSUES
OUTCOMES:
1. Define terms related to ethics.
2. Discuss major ethical issues and conflicts inherent in working in the Operating Room.
The learner will be able to identify surgical interventions that
potentially/actually involve major ethical issues in written and oral format.
CONTENT:
a. Ethical Dilemmas
1. Occurrence
a. when enforcement of the law does not bring justice
b. when there is no obvious right or wrong behavior
c. when the right behavior brings about the wrong effect
d. when personal sacrifice is the consequence of following ideals
2. definitions
a. justice
b. Utilitarianism
c. Deontology
d. Autonomy
3. Prinicples
a. beneficence
b. non-maleficence
c. informed consent
d. morality
e. confidentiality
f. integrity and veracity
g. fidelity
h. Rule of Reciprocity
i. compassion and solidarity
e. morals
f. immoral behavior
g. amoral behavior
h. etiquette
i. confidentiality
4. economic influences on moral/ethical behavior
5. ethical dilemmas
a. elective abortion
b. therapeutic abortion
c. reproductive sterilization
d. artificial fertilization
e. human experimentation
f. animal experimentation
g. organ donation and/or transplantation
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
quality versus quantity of life
right to die with dignity
right to refuse treatment
private versus common good
euthanasia
impaired practitioners
care of the HIV-positive patient
gender reassignment surgery
severely disabled newborns
DNR in Surgery
Other
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
3. Handout- Ethics in Surgical Practice
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
2. Ethics paper
Classes - 2
DISCUSS ISSUES CONCERNING TERMINAL ILLNESS/DEATH
OUTCOMES:
1. State and explain various attitudes and beliefs of society about death and dying.
2. Discuss the customs for coping with death and fear directly related to the surgical
patient.
3. Discuss the grieving process.
4. Discuss stress.
CONTENT:
a. Loss
1. Types
a. loss of an aspect of one's self, a body part, a physiological function or a
psychological attribute
b. the loss of an object external to one's self
c. loss of a loved or valued significant other
2. occurrence
a. during growth and development
b. separation, illness, or death
c. from a familiar environment
3. reactions to loss
a. grief
1. definition
2. Kubler-Ross/Five Stages of Loss
a. denial
b. anger
c. bargaining
d. depression
e. acceptance
3. Kinds of Grief
a. anticipatory
b. absent, inhibited
c. unresolved, chronic
b. Stress
1. Selye
2. Definitions
a. stress
b. coping
c. crisis
3. General Adaptation Syndrome
a. stages
1. alarm
2. resistance
3. exhaustion
4. Types
a. internal or external
b. physiological or psychological
5. Adaptation
a. Physical
1. endocrine adaptive response
2. neurological adaptive response
3. inflammatory adaptive response
4. immunologic adaptive response
b. psychological
1. repression
2. identification
3. reaction formation
4. compensation
5. rationalization
6. substitution
7. displacement
8. restitution
9. projection
10. symbolization
11. regression
12. denial
13. sublimation
14. suppression
15. introjection
16. conversion
17. fantasy
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Notes - Lecture
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Exercises - 10% of grade
Resume - 20% of grade
Ethics paper – 40%
Rev 10/10 TL
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 210 - UNDERSTANDING SURGICAL PROCEDURES II
6 CREDITS, Lecture
PREREQUISITES: SR 110
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course explores the diagnostic and surgical interventions of Ear, Nose, and Throat,
Orthopedic, Ophthamological, and Genito-Urinary Surgery.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
armamentarium associated with Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Orthopedic Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Ophthalmological Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Genito-Urinary Surgery.
TEXTS:
Mosby Yearbook
OPTIONAL TEXT:
Saunders
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
ATTENDANCE:
SUMMARY OF
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
UNITS
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Head and Neck/Oral Surgery
Identify the surgical interventions of Head and Neck/Oral Surgery
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Ear Surgery
Identify the surgical interventions of Ear Surgery
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Nose and Sinus Surgery
Identify the surgical interventions of Nose and Sinus Surgery
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Orthopedic Surgery
Identify the surgical interventions of Orthopedic Surgery
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Ophthamological Surgery
Identify the surgical interventions of Ophthamological Surgery
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Genito-Urinary Surgery
Identify the surgical interventions of Genito-Urinary Surgery
Classes 5
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF HEAD AND NECK
SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF HEADAND NECK
SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the head and neck.
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the head and neck.
3. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions of Head
and Neck Surgery.
CONTENT
A. throat
1. mouth
2. tongue
3. pharynx
a. nasob. oroc. laryngo4. tonsils
5. larynx
a. hyoid bone
b. epigolttis
6. trachea
a. cartilages
1. thyroid
2. cricoid
b. epiglottis
c. arytenoids
d. ligaments
1. upper: false cords
2. lower: true cords
B. salivary glands
1. sublingual
2. submaxillary
a. Wharton's duct
3. Parotid
a. Stensen's duct
C. Lymph nodes
1. cervical lymph nodes
D. Thyroid
1. Lobes
a. right lobe
b. left lobe
c. isthmus
2. Pathophysiology
a. Goiter
b. Grave’s Disease
c. Hemangioma
d. Hyperthyroidism
e. Myxedema
f. papillomatosis
3. Diagnostic Testing
A. T3
B. T4
C. TSH
4. Positioning
A. supine
B. Semi-Fowler's
C. position devices
1. shoulder roll
2. donut or Shea headrest
5. Draping
A. head drape
B. towels
6. Instruments
A. Lahey clamp (vulsellum, triple hook)
B. vein retractors
C. Debakey forceps
D. lacrimal duct probes
7. Supplies
A. nerve stimulator
B. peanuts/blunt dissectors
C. drains
1. penrose drain or elastic
2. closed wound drainage
8. Medications
A. steroids
B. epinephrine
C. Xylocaine
9. Diagnostic Interventions
A. Laryngoscopy
1. direct
2. indirect
3. suspension
4. Microlaryngoscopy
5. LASER Microlaryngoscopy
B. Triple Endoscopy
1. larynx
2. esophagus
3. bronchus
A. Sialolithectomy
B. Excision of Submaxillary/Submandibular Gland
C. Parotidectomy
D. Tracheostomy
E. Total Laryngectomy
F. Radical Neck Dissection
G. Modified Radical Mastectomy
H. Thyroidectomy
1. Total Thyroidectomy
2. Subtotal Thyroidectomy
3. Thyroid Lobectomy
I. Excision of Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
J. Parathyroidectomy
K. Cervical/Scalene Node Biopsy
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
3. Corresponding instrumentation
4. Lecture
a. Notes
5. Demostration – Tracheostomy
a. tracheostomy tube
b. trachea hook
c. trachea spreader
d. anesthesia adaptor
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes 5
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF ORAL SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF ORAL SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the mouth and facial bones.
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of surgery of the mouth and facial bones.
3. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions of Oral
Surgery.
Maxillofacial Surgery.
CONTENT
A. palate
1. hard
2. soft
B. uvula
C. tongue
D. frenulum
E. gingiva
F. pharynx
1. naso2. oro3. aryngo- or hypoG. tonsils
1. adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
2. palatine tonsils
3. lingual tonsils
H. alveolar bone
I. wisdom teeth (permanent third molars)
J. facia bones
1. maxilla
2. mandible
a. body
b. angle
c. Temporomandibular joint
3. xygomatic
2. Pathophysiology
a. Adenoiditis
b. Adenopathy
c. Aphonia
d. Apnea
e. Gingivitis
f. Hypertrophy
g. Macrognathia
h. Micrognathia
A. Teeth and Gums
1. Gingivectomy
2. Frenulectomy
3. Dental Extractions
4. Odontectomy
B. Craniofacial
1. Midfacial fractures
a. Leforte classification
1. I
2. II
3. III
b. intervention
2. Zxgomatic Fractures (Malar Fracture)
C. Maxillofacial
1. Maxillary/Mandibular Fractures
2. Alveolar Ridge Reconstruction
3. TMJ Arthroscopy
4. TMJ Arthroplasty
D. Orthognathic Surgery
1. LeForte osteotomy
2. Mandibular osteotomy
E. Oral
1. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
2. Adenoidectomy
3. Tonsillectomy
4. T&A
5. I&D of peritonsillar abscess
6. Diagnostic Nasopharyngoscopy
7. Subtotal or Hemiglossectomy
8. Total Glossectomy
9. Release of Tongue Tie
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
3. Lecture
a. Notes
4. Demonstration - Arch bars
5. Demonstration - Dental Instruments (DA)
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes 5
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF EAR SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF EAR SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the ear.
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the ear.
Otologic Surgery.
CONTENT:
1. Anatomy
A. Divisions
1. external
a. auricle/pinna
b. auditory canal
2. middle
a. ossicles
1. malleus
2. incus
3. stapes
b. eustachian tube
c. mastoid air cells
d. round window
e. oval window
3. inner
a. cochlea
b. vestibular labyrinth
c. semi-circular canals
d. Mastoid portion of the temporal bone
2. Physiology
A. hearing
B. body equilibrium
3. Pathophysiology
A. Meniere’s Disease
B. Otosclerosis
C. Cholesteotoma
D. Proprioception
E. Otitis externa
F. Serous otitis media
G. Suppurative otitis media
H. Otorrhea
I. Tinnitus
J. Tympanmomastoiditis
K. Tympanosclerosis
L. Vertigo
M. Acoustic neuroma
N. Conductive hearing loss/ossicular chain discontinuity
O. Perforation
4. Positioning
5. Prepping
6. Draping
7. Equipment
A. Operating Microscope
B. Ototome
8. Instrumentation
A. ear speculum and holder
B. myringotomy knives
C. curettes
D. elevators
E. hooks
F. micro instrumentation/middle ear instruments
1. alligators
2. cup forceps
3. micro knives
4. elevators
5. hooks
G. small Weitlaner for post-auricular work
H. Frazier suction tips with thumb control
I. suction-irrigator (Essar)
9. Medications
A. Gelfoam
B. Gelfilm
C. Antibiotic ointment
D. Xylocaine with Epinephrine1
A. Outer Ear
1. Removal of a foreign body
2. Canalplasty
B. Middle Ear
1. Myringotomy
2. Tympanoplasty
a. Diagnoses
1. ruptured tympanic membrane
2. ossicular discontinuity
3. cholesteatoma formation
b. Types of Tympanoplasty
1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV
5. V
c. Prosthesis
1. PORP
2. TORP
3. Mastoidectomy
4. Stapedectomy
C. Inner Ear
1. Endolymphatic sac shunt
2. Labyrinthectomy
3. Vestibular Neurectomy
4. Removal of Acoustic Neuroma
5. Cochlear Implants
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
3. Lecture
a. Notes
4. Handout - A&P - The Ear
5. Demonstration - Ear Model
6. Visual Aides - Myringotomy Tubes
7. Visual Aides - PORP Prosthesis
8. Visual Aide - Myringotomy Set
a. Myringotomy Knife
b. Ear Speculum
c. Wax Curette
d. Alligator Forcep
9. Visual Aide – Myringotomy Ventilation Tubes – various
10. Visual Aide – Middle Ear Prostheses – various
11. Visual Aide – Middle Ear picks
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes 5
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF NOSE/SINUS SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF NOSE/SINUS SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the nose and sinuses.
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the nose and sinuses.
3. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions of Nose
and Sinus Surgery.
CONTENT:
A. nose
1. nares
2. septum
3. turbinates (concha)
4. nasopharynx
5. eustachian tubes
6. nasal ducts
7. hard/soft palate
B. sinuses
1. maxillary
2. frontal
3. ethmoid
4. sphenoid
C. trigeminal nerve
2. physiology
A. filters air
B. end organs of olfaction (smell)
3. Pathophysiology
A. Ala
B. deviated nasal septum
C. pansinusitis
D. epistaxis
E. hypertrophy
F. polyp
4. Medications
A. anesthetics
1. cocaine
2. Xylocaine with epinephrine
3. Neosynephrine Spray
5. Position
A. Semi-Fowlers'
B. dorsal recumbent
C. Aides
1. Shea headrest
2. Donut
6. Instruments
A. bayonet forceps
B. nasal speculum
C. double-prong retractor
D. double-ended freer elevator
E. hockey stick elevator
F. Coakley curettes
G. Aufricht nasal retractor
H. Ballenger swivel knife
I. Takahashi forceps
J. Frazier/Yankauer suction tips
7. Equipment
A. headlight
B. videoscopes
8. Supplies
A. throat pack
B. nasal packing
1. Nugauze
2. Merocel tampons
3. nasal cots
4. adaptic
C. external splints
1. Denver splint
2. Plaster
3. Benzion/steristrips
D. moustache dressing
A. SMR (Submucous Resection)
B. Septoplasty
C. Rhinoplasty
D. Nasal Polypectomy
E. Antrostomy
F. Caldwell-Luc
G. Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
H. Ethmoidectomy
I. Frontal Sinus Trephination
J. Turbinectomy
K. Internal Maxillary Artery Ligation
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
3. Lecture
a. Notes
4. Handout - A&P - The Nose
5. Handout - A&P - The Sinuses
6. Visual Aides – Nasal Instrumentation
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes – 15
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF ORTHOPEDIC
SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF ORTHOPEDIC
SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the axial and appendicular skeleton.
2. Review the anatomy and physiology of bone.
3. Review the anatomy and physiology of tendons and ligaments.
4. Review the anatomy and physiology of the shoulder, hip, and knee joints.
5. Discuss the pathophysiology of the axial and appendicular skeleton.
6. Discuss the pathophysiology of bone.
7. Discuss the pathophysiology of tendons and ligaments.
8. Discuss the pathophysiology of the shoulder, hip, and knee joints.
9. Discuss casting/splinting, and fixation devices.
10. Identify fractures and techniques for fracture management.
Orthopedic Surgery.
CONTENT:
1. Definitions
A. Orthopedics
1. repair of traumatic injury
2. reconstruct joints
3. eradicate benign/malignant disease processes
4. correct postural disabilities
2. Anatomy and Physiology Review
a. Bones
1. hand and foot
2. leg and arm
3. hip/shoulder
4. bone matrix
b. tendons/ligaments
c. joints
3. Pathophysiology
a. ankylosis
b. apposition
c. osteoarthritis
d. rhuematoid arthritis
e. atrophy
f. avulsion
g. bunion
h. carpal tunnel syndrome
i. chondromalacia
j. compartment syndrome
k. contracture
l. degenerative joint disease
m. dislocation
n. ganglion
o. hemarthrosis
p. kyphosis
q. osteoporosis
r. osteochondritis dissecans
s. osteochondroma
t. osteomyelitis
u. paresthesia
v. scoliosis
w. spondylosis
x. tenosynovitis
4. Instrumentation
A. by group
1. exposing instruments
a. retractors
b. elevators
2. grasping instruments
3. cutting instrument
4. implant-related instrumentation
B. by function
1. impactors, drivers, extractors, mallet
2. rasps
3. reamers
4. retractors
5. bone clamps
6. Osteotomes, curettes, gouges
7. Measuring Devices
8. Elevators
9. Rongeur
10. High-speed power equipment
5. Items Related to Orthopedic Surgery
A. bone grafts
B. soft-tissue allografts (tendons and ligaments)
C. Fixation devices
1. external
2. internal
a. Steinman Pins/Kirschner Wires
b. Screws
1. cortical
2. cancellous
c. compression plates and screws
d. nails
e. Prosthetic implants
D. LASER
E. Bone Wax
F. Laminar flow OR
G. Orthopedic or Fracture table
H. X-rays
1. imaging
2. conventional films
I. Casts/braces
1. Padding
a. stockinette
b. webril
c. felt
2. Casting materials
a. plaster
b. fiberglass
3. Cast types
a. cylinder
b. walking
c. short-limb
d. long-limb
e. spica
6. General Considerations of Limbs
A. Sterile irrigating basins
B. pneumatic tourniquet
C. extremities are elevated for prepping; include one joint above/below incision site
D. stockinette
E. pressure dressings
F. shoulders/humerus immobilized against the body
G. post-op extremity positioned above level of the heart
7. Fractures
A. definition
1. traumatic
a. closed
b. open
2. pathological
a. demineralization of the bone
b. primary or metastatic bone disease
B. types
1. oblique
2. longitudinal
3. spiral
4. compression
5. comminuted
6. greenstick
7. transverse
8. avulsion
9. epiphyseal separation
10. compound
11. special hip/humeral fractures
C. Stages of Fracture Healing (osteogenesis)
1. Blood Clot Formation
2. Callus
3. Osteoid
4. alternatives to fracture healing
a. Non-union
b. Delayed union
c. Malunion
D. Methods to Treat Fractures
1. Closed Reduction with Immobilization
2. Skeletal Traction
3. External Fixation
4. Internal Fixation
5. Closed Rodding
6. Balanced Suspension
8. Joint Reconstruction
A. Concepts
1. joint function depends on quality of structures
a. articular cartilage
b. ligaments and joint capsule
c. synovial membrane
1. lining joint capsule
2. secretes synovial fluid
2. dislocations
3. subluxation
4. arthrodesis
5. arthroplasty
a. types
1. cup arthroplasty of the hip
2. femoral/humeral head replacement
3. femoral head surface replacement
4. total joint replacement
b. Biophysical considerations
1. solid components
2. modular systems
3. fixation considerations
a. press fit
b. biofixation
c. polymethylmethacrylate fixation
d. bone graft
1. autologous
2. homologous
c. special considerations
1. handle prosthesis with special care
2. specific instruments
3. avoid denting/scratching, nicking, or damaging the surface
4. avoid lint/powder contact
5. open just prior to use
6. Bone cement mixed immediately before use
7. read/follow manufacturer's instructions
8. avoid excessive exposure to cement/ vapors
9. avoid contact with liquid polymer
10. cement gun
11. room/component temperature effects
12. restricted room traffic
13. prosthesis documentation
9. Arthroscopy
A. Concepts
B. Equipment
C. Irrigation
10. Arthrotomy
A. Concepts
B. Definition
11. Bunionectomy/Exostosis
A. Definition
B. Types
1. Keller Arthroplasty
2. Metatarsal Osteotomy
12. Neurolysis
A. Definition
B. Types
1. Carpal Tunnel Release
2. Tarsal Tunnel Release
13. Repair of Tendons/Ligaments
A. types of injury
1. severed
2. torn
3. ruptured
4. avulsion
5. total
6. partial
B. repairs
1. tenorrhaphy
2. tenosynovectomy
3. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair
4. Meniscus Repair
5. Putti-Platt
6. Herniated Intervertebral Disc
a. Microdiscectomy
b. Ligamentum Flavotomy
c. Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy
d. Chemonucleolysis
7. Spinal Stabilization/Fusion (Harrington Rods)
14. Diagnostic/Therapeutic Procedures
A. Shoulder
1. considerations
a. position
b. draping
2. procedures
a. Correction of Acromioclavicular Joint Separation
1. Acromionectomy
2. Screw Fixation
3. Excision of Coracoclavicular Ligament with Repair
b. Clavicular Fracture
c. Rotator Cuff Repair
d. Bankart Procedure
e. Putti-Platt Procedure
f. Bristow Procedure
g. Neer joint Replacement
B. Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Hand
1. Closed Rodding of the Humerus
2. Open Reduction (ORIF)
3. Olecranon Fracture
4. Transposition of the Ulna Nerve
5. Excision of the Radial Head
6. Total Elbow Replacement
7. Radius/Ulna Fracture
8. Colle's Fracture
9. Carpal Tunnel Release
10. Carpal Fracture
11. Excision of Ganglion
12. Metacarpal Arthroplasty
13. Dupuytren's Contracture/Dequevain's Contracture Release
C. Hip and Femur
1. Fractured Acetabulum
2. Hip fractures
a. types
1. intratrochanteric fractures
2. femoral neck fractures
b. procedures
1. Hip Nailing
2. Femoral Head Replacement
3. Austin-Moore, Bi-polar Endoprosthesis
4. Knowles Pinning
3. Total Hip Arthroplasty
4. Correction of Congenital Hip Dislocation
a. tenotomy and spica cast application
b. capsule suturing to tighten capsule
c. osteotomy
5. Femoral shaft
a. Closed/Open intramedullary Nailing/Rodding
D. Knee/Tibia/Fibula
1. Femoral Condyle/Tibial Plateau Fracture
a. closed reduction and/or skeletal traction
b. ORIF for unstable or multifragmented fractures
2. Patellectomy or ORIF Fractured Patella
3. Repair of Collateral or Cruciate Ligament Tears
4. Excision of Baker's Cyst
5. Total Knee Arthroplasty
6. Tibial Shaft Fracture
7. Fibulectomy
E. Ankle/Foot
1. Ankle fracture
2. Triple arthrodesis
3. Ankle Arthroplasty
4. Bunionectomy
5. Correction of Hammer Toe Deformity
F. Spine
1. Spinal Rodding and Fusion
2. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guides – 4
3. Lecture
a. Notes
4. Website:
www.skeletalsimulations.com
5. Visual Aides – Femur
6. Visual Aides - Foot
7. Visual Aides - Cement Mixer
8. Visual Aides - Cement
9. Visual Aides - Cortical Screw
10. Visual Aides - Herbert Screw
11. Visual Aides - PulsEvac Handpiece
12. Visual Aides - Bone Wax
13. Visual Aide – Esmark
14. Visual Aides – Orthopedic Instrumentation
15. ADAM - Skeletal System
16. ADAM Animated Books
a. Compression Hip Nailing
b. Total Knee Replacement
c. Menisectomy
d. Bunionectomy
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes 11
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF OPHTHALMOLOGICAL
SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF OPHTHALMOLOGICAL
SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the eye and surrounding tissues and bones.
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the eye and surrounding tissues and bones.
involving the eye and associated structures.
CONTENT:
1. Eye Anatomy and Physiology
a. external structures
1. lacrimal duct
2. canthus
b. external eye structures
1. conjunctiva
2. cornea
3. sclera
4. limbus
5. macula
6. optic nerve
c. internal structures
1. anterior cavity
a. pupil
b. iris
c. anterior chamber
d. aqueous humor
2. posterior cavity
a. posterior chamber
b. lens
c. zonules
d. vitreous body
e. retina
2. Pathophysiology
a. aphakia
b. myopia
c. presbyopia
d. astigmatism
e. strabismus
f. macular degeneration
g. blepharoptosis
h. cataract
i. retinal detachment
j. diplopia
3. Medications
a. concepts
b. medications
1. Mydriatics
a. Neosynephrine (Phenylephrine) 10% ophthalmic drops
2. Cycloplegics
a. Mydriacyl (tropicamide) 1%
b. Atropine 1%
c. Cyclogyl (cyclopentolate) 1%
3. Miotics
a. Pilocarpine 1-4%
b. Miochol (acetylcholine)
c. Miostat (carbochol) 0.01%
4. Corticosteriods
a. Celestone
b. Decadron
5. Hyperosmotic Agents
a. Mannitol
6. Antibiotics
a. Bacitracin
b. Neomycin sulfate
7. Dyes
a. Fluorescein sodium dye
8. Lubricants
a. Healon
b. Amvisc
c. Viscoat
9. Irrigating Fluids
a. Balanced Salt Solution (BSS)
10. Zonulysis Agents
a. Alpha Chymotrypsin
11. Anesthetic Agents
a. Opthaine (proparacaine HCl) 0.5%
b. Pontocaine (tetracaine) 0.5%
c. Xylocaine
d. Marcaine
e. Wydase (hyaluronidase)
f. Brevitol
4. Instrumentation
a. scissors
1. Wescott
2. DeWicker iris
3. Vannas Scissors
4. Right and Left Corneal Section Scissors
b. Lid Retractors
1. self-retaining
2. wire speculum
c. Forceps
1. toothed castroviejo 0.12 forceps
2. Colibri corneal forceps
3. Bishop Harmon toothed forceps
d. Knives
1. beaver blades
2. keratome
e. Needle Holders
1. castroviejo (curved/straight, locking/non-locking)
2. Kalt
f. Specialty Instruments
1. irrigating cannula
2. Schiotz tonometer
3. muscle hook
4. caliper
5. chalazion curette
6. lid/chalazion clamp
g. ESU
1. disposible hot loop cautery
2. bipolar "eraser"/wet field cautery
5. Supplies
a. eye spears
b. filters
c. sutures
d. scleral shield
e. eye pad/shield
6. Theraputic Interventions
a. Eyelid
1. Removal of Chalazion
2. Canthotomy
3. Entropian Repair
4. Ectropian Repair
5. Plastic Repair of Blepharochalasis
6. Repair of Ptosis
b. Conjunctiva
1. Pterygium Excision
c. Lacrimal Gland
1. Duct Probing
2. Dacryocystorhinostomy
d. Muscle Surgery
1. Resection
2. Recession
e. Globe/Orbit Surgery
1. Enucleation
2. Repair of Blowout Fracture of the Orbit
3. Exenteration
f. Cornea
1. Corneal Transplant (Keratoplasty)
2. Epikeratophakia
g. Intraocular Surgery
1. Cataract Extraction
a. a. Types
1. intracapsular
2. extracapsular
b. Correction of Aphakia
1. corrective lenses (glasses)
2. contact lenses
3. epikeratophakia
4. intraocular lens implantation (IOL)
2. Iridectomy
3. Vitrectomy
4. Nd:YAG Posterior Capsulotomy
h. Glaucoma Treatment
1. Iridectomy
2. Trephination
3. Sclerectomy
4. Cyclodialysis
5. Trabeculectomy
6. Goniotomy
7. Argon LASER Trabeculoplasty
8. Argon LASER Iridotomy
9. Cyclocryotherapy
i. Retinal Detachment Surgery
1. Scleral Buckle
2. Argon LASER Photocoagulation
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
3. Lecture
a. Notes
b. PowerPoint Presentation
4. Handout - Medications Related to Ophthalmology
5. Demonstration - Eye Anatomy Model
6. Demonstration - R and R - tennis ball
7.
Demonstration - Eye box
a. 1020 Drape
b. 3mm Beaver Blade
c. Microsurgical Knives
d. Eye Spears
e. Optemp Cautery
f. eye Pad
g. Medication filters
h. Medication labels
i. Wetfield Eraser
j. 10-0 Nylon Eye Suture
8. Visual Aid - Folding Intraocular Lens
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes 8
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF GENITO-URINARY
SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF GENITO-URINARY
SURGERY
OUTCOME:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, bladder, associated structures, and
the male reproductive organs.
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the kidney, bladder, associated structures, and the
male reproductive organs.
3. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions of GenitoUrinary Surgery.
4. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions of surgery
of the Male Reproductive System.
CONTENT:
A. kidney
1. cortex
2. medulla
3. renal artery
4. renal vein
5. calyx
6. renal pelvis
7. hilum
8. nephron
B. ureter
C. bladder
1. dome
2. trigone
3. bladder neck
D. urethra
E. scrotum
1. testes
2. appendix testes
3. epididymus
4. ductus deferens
5. tunica vaginalis
6. tunica albuginea
F. glands
1. seminal vesicle
2. Cowper's glands (bulbourethral gland)
3. Prostate
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
G. penis
1. corpus cavernosum
2. corpus spongiosum
3. glans penis
4. prepuce (foreskin)
H. other
1. adrenal gland
a. medulla
b. cortex
Pathophysiology
A. Anuria
B. Hematuria
C. Frequency
D. Urgency
E. Azotemia
F. Balanoposthitis
G. Brachytherapy
H. Condylomata
I. Cryptorchidism
J. Cushing’s Syndrome
K. Dialysis – peritoneal (CAPD)
L. Oligouria
M. Diuresis
N. Dysuria
O. Glomerulonephritis
P. Hemodialysis
Q. Hydronephrosis
R. Hydroureter
S. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
T. Impotence
U. Incontinence – urinary
V. Polyuria
W. Torsion
Positioning
A. kidney/ureter
B. transurethral
C. open bladder/suprapubic
Prepping
A. kidney/ureter
B. transurethral
Draping
A. kidney/ureter
B. transurethral
Irrigating solutions
A. Sterile water
B. Sorbitol or Mannitol/Glycine solution
7. Catheters
A. urethral catheters
B. indwelling/retention
C. temporary
D. ureteral stents
8. Bladder Carcinoma Agents
A. chemotheraputic
1. Thiotepa
2. BCG
3. Adramycin
B. radiation
1. Radium Seed Implantation
9. Instrumentation
A. telescopes
B. Cystoscopes
C. Van Buren Sounds
D. Filliforms and Followers
E. Bougies
F. Resectoscopes
1. Iglesias
2. Stern-McCarthy
G. Ureteroscope/Nephroscope
H. Evacuators and Irrigators
1. Ellik
2. Toomey
3. Piston Irrigating Syringe
10. Diagnostic Interventions
A. Cystoscopy
B. Radiographic Diagnostic Interventions
1. KUB
2. IVP
3. Retrograde Pyelogram
4. Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)
C. Non-Incisional Calculus Removal
1. Electrohydrolithotripsy
2. Stone Basketing
3. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
A. Kidney/Ureter
1. Nephrectomy
2. Pyelolithotomy/Nephrolithotomy
a. Types of Urinary Calculi
1. Composition
a. calcium oxalate
b. calcium phosphate
c. magnesium ammonium phosphate
d. uric acid
e. calcium carbonate
f. cystine
2. Shape
a. Staghorn
3. Ureteral Diversion
a. Cutaneous Urterostomy
b. Ureteroenterostomy
c. Ureteroneocystostomy
d. Ureterolithotomy
4. Nephroureterectomy
B. Urinary Bladder
1. approach
a. transurethral
b. open bladder
2. Suprapubic Cystostomy/Cystotomy
3. Transurethral Resection of a Bladder Tumor
4. Repair of Vesical Fistula
5. Open Vesicourethral Suspension (Marshall/Marchetti/Kranz)
6. Endoscopic Bladder Neck Suspension (Stamey Procedure)
7. Cystectomy
C. Prostate
1. diagnoses
a. Benign prostatic hypertrophy
b. Carcinoma of the Prostate
c. Needle Biopsy of the Prostate
2. Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TUR-P)
3. Transcystoscopic Urethroplasty (Balloon Dilation of the Prostatic Urethra)
4. Open Prostatectomy
a. Retropubic approach
b. Suprapubic approach
c. Perineal approach
d. Complication of Prostatic Resection
D. Penis and Scrotum
1. Fulguration of Condylomata (Veneral Warts)
2. Circumcision
3. Penile Implants
4. Penectomy
5. Vasectomy
6. Hydrocelectomy
7. Orchidopexy
8. Orchidectomy
9. Torsion of a Testicle/Excision of Appendix Testes
10. Varicocele Ligation
11. Adrenalectomy
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Visual Aide - A.D.A.M. - Urinary Tract
5. Demonstration - GU box
a. Ellick
b. foley catheters
c. ureteral catheters
d. J-stent and inserter
e. Catheter Irrigating Syringe
f. Ureteral Stone Basket
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Revised 1010 TL
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 211 - CLINICAL EXTERNSHIP II
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This experience involves the implementation of learned theory, principles, and procedures taught
in the classroom via patient contact as a member of the Operating Room team. This experience
takes place in local area hospitals and focuses on moderately complex surgical cases.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will perform various types of moderately complex surgical cases in the first
TEXTS:
APPROACH,Third Edition, Frey, AST, Delmar
Mosby Yearbook
OPTIONAL TEXT:
Saunders
Required reading
Clinical Journal
ATTENDANCE:
Attendance at all assigned Clinical Externships is mandatory. Scheduling of make-up experiences
is at the discretion of the instructor.
See McCann Technical School Absenteeism policy for guidelines on clinical absences
Clinical Day 1-30
OBSERVE/PARTICIPATE IN/ PERFORM MODERATELY COMPLEX
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
OUTCOME: The learner will observe, participate in, or perform moderately complex surgical
procedures.
MODERATELY COMPLEX SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS
1. The student is required to obtain and prepare their daily assignment for the clinical
experience.
2. The student is required to prepare for their clinical experience by studying the
procedure, related anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, and surgical
armamentarium related to the assigned procedure(s) using your texts or outside
resources.
3. The student is required to prepare a Pre-Case Data Sheet for each and every assigned
case. These are due the morning of each clinical day. Failure to complete the assigned
data sheet will forfeit the student's assignment to scrub during that time slot.
Scheduling changes do not fall under this requirement.
5. The student is required to complete a Clinical Journal of the week's cases and
experiences and one Surgeon's Preference File (with cards) per week, to be passed in
by Friday of the same week. Late submissions will be reflected in the overall course
grade.
6. In order to meet the outcome competencies for graduation, the student must perform
a minimum of ten (10) moderately complex procedures in the “first scrub with assist”
or “first scrub solo” role during this rotation. The student must also perform a
minimum of sixty (60) cases in the “first scrub with assist” or “first scrub solo” role
Clinical Journal - 15% of grade
Evaluation of student by the instructor/ clinical assistant – average evaluation score of
"meets the standard" – 50% of grade
Rev. 1010 TL
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 310 - UNDERSTANDING SURGICAL PROCEDURES III
4 CREDITS, Lecture
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course explores the diagnostic and surgical interventions of Thoracic, Cardiovascular,
Neurosurgical, Pediatric, Geriatric, and Plastic Surgery.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
armamentarium associated with Thoracic Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Cardiovascular Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Neurosurgical Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Pediatric and Geriatric Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Plastic Surgery.
TEXTS:
Mosby Yearbook
OPTIONAL TEXT:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, Third Edition, Fuller, W.B.
Saunders
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
Clinical paper
ATTENDANCE:
SUMMARY OF UNITS
I DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF THORACIC SURGERY
II IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF THORACIC SURGERY
III DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIO-VASCULAR SURGERY
IV IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF CARDIO-VASCULAR
SURGERY
V DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY
VI IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY
VII DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC/GERIATRIC
SURGERY
VIII IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF PEDIATRIC/GERIATRIC
PATIENTS
IX DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF PLASTIC SURGERY
X IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF PLASTIC SURGERY
Classes 12
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF THORACIC SURGERY
OUTCOMES:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the organs of the thoracic cavity.
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the lung and pleural cavity.
Thoracic Surgery.
CONTENT:
a. Thorax
1. bones
a. true ribs
b. false ribs
c. floating ribs
d. manubrium
e. sternum
f. xyphoid
2. cavities
a. right chest cavity
b. left chest cavity
c. pleural space
3. pleura
a. parietal pleura
b. visceral pleura
c. structures
1. trachea
2. carina
3. bronchus
4. bronchioles
5. alveolus
6. hilus
7. mediastinum
8. thymus
9. thoracic aorta
10. heart
11. great vessels
12. esophagus
13. trachea
2. Terms/Pathophysiology:
a. Anoxia
b. Apnea
c. Asthma
d. Atelactasis
e. bleb/bulla
f. bronchiectasis
g. cyanosis
h. dyspnea
i. hemoptysis
j. hypoxia
k. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
l. Emphysema
m. pulmonary embolism
n. pectus excavatum
o. poudrage
p. pneumothorax
q. hemothorax
r. hemopneumothorax
s. mediastinal shift
t. empyema
u. ARDS - Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (secondary to lung trauma)
3. positions
a. mediastinum
1. semi-Fowler's
2. dorsal recumbent
b. lung
4. equipment/supplies
a. headlight
b. staplers
c. closed chest underwater seal drainage
5. instruments
a. scapula retractor
b. alexander rib stripper/elevator
c. Right and Left Doyen Raspatory (stripper)
d. Harken/Finochietto retractor
e. Duval lung forceps
f. sarot bronchus clamp
g. rib shears
h. Bailey rib retractor/contractor
6. diagnostic interventions
a. Bronchoscopy
1. rigid
2. flexible
b. Mediastinoscopy
c. Thoracoscopy
7. therapeutic interventions
a. Thoracentesis
b. Throacostomy
c. Closed Operative Thoracoscopy
d. Open Thoracotomy
1. suturing of ruptured bleb
2. lung resection
a. segmental
b. wedge
c. Lobectomy
d. Pneumonectomy
3. pulmonary decortication
4. Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
5. Hiatal Hernia Repair
6. Thymectomy
7. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
8. Esophagectomy
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Demonstration - Pleuravac/Thoraseal
5. Demonstration - Chest Tubes
6. Visual Aide - Luke Trap
7. A.D.A.M. - Respiratory System
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes 8
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIO-VASCULAR
SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
OUTCOMES:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the organs of the mediastinal cavity.
2. Review the anatomy and physiology of the peripheral vascular system.
3. Discuss the pathophysiology of the heart.
4. Discuss the pathophysiology of the peripheral vascular system.
5. Identify the diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions of Cardiac
Surgery.
Peripheral Vascular Surgery.
CONTENT:
a. heart
1. chambers
a. right atrium/auricle
b. left atrium/auricle
c. right ventricle
d. left ventricle
2. valves
a. tricuspid
b. pulmonary
c. mitral
d. aortic
3. vessels
a. pulmonary artery
b. pulmonary vein
c. coronary circulation
4. layers of the heart
a. pericardium
1. parietal
2. visceral/epi
3. myocardium
4. endocardium
b. conduction system
1. vagus nerve
2. S-A node
3. A-V node
4. Bundle of His
5. Purkinje fibers
5. Function
a. Systole
b. diastole
6. Circulation
a. pulmonary circulation
b. cardiac circulation
c. peripheral circulation
1. arterial
a. aorta
1. ascending
2. arch
3. descending
4. thoracic
5. abdominal
6. peripheral
7. iliac
8. femoral
9. profunda
10. tibials
11. popliteal
12. brachial
13. carotid
a. internal
b. external
b. vessel wall layers
1. intima
2. media
3. adventitia
2. venous
a. Vena Cava
1. Superior
2. Inferior
b. Peripheral
1. Saphenous
a. Long
b. Short
2. Femoral
3. Iliac
4. Brachiocephalic
5. Subclavian
6. Jugular
c. vessel wall layers
1. intima
2. adventitia
3. valves
2. Pathophysiology
a. Angina
b. Aneurysm
c. Arrhythmia
d. Arteriosclerosis
e. temporal arteritis
f. atherosclerosis
g. cardiomyopathy
h. intermittent claudication
i. coarctation
j. cerebrovascular accident
k. diaphoresis
l. embolism/embolus
m. fibrillation
n. gangrene
o. heart block
p. congestive heart failure (CHF)
q. hemorrhage
r. essential hypertension
s. ischemia – myocardial
t. incompetent
u. infarction – myocardial
v. insufficiency – myocardial
w. murmur
x. necrosis
y. peripheral vascular disease
z. transient ischemic attack (TIA)
aa. stenosis
bb. thrombus
3. Medications
a. contrast media
b. heparin
1. systemic patient heparinization
2. heparinized saline solution for irrigation
c. protamine sulfate
d. topical hemostatic agents
e. gelfoam
f. surgicel/oxycel
g. collastat
h. thrombin
4. Equipment/supplies
a. cell saver
b. headlight
c. magnifying loupes
d. vessiloops
e. sutures/needles
f. #11 or #15 blades
g. Doppler ultrasound
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
h. Prostheses
1. Biological grafts
a. autogenous vein - Saphenous vein
1. Insitu
2. reverse vein graft
b. Human Umbilical Cord Vein Graft
2. Synthetic prosthesis
a. Knitted polyester (Dacron)
b. Filamentous Velour
c. Woven Polyester (Dacron)
d. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Gortex)
Anastasmosis
a. end-to-end
b. side-to-side
c. end-to-side
d. patch
instrumentation
a. Potts scissors
b. vascular clamps
c. bulldogs
d. vein strippers
1. internal
2. external
e. Leather-McCarthy Valvulotomes
f. Tunneler
g. vascular dilators
incisions
a. Median Sternotomy
b. Trans-sternal bilateral Thoracotomy
c. Lateral Thoracotomy
Diagnostic Interventions
a. Angiography
b. Cardiac Catheterization
Therapeutic Interventions
a. Cardiac
1. Mitral Commissurotomy
2. Valve Replacement
3. Valve Reconstruction/Annuloplasty
4. CABG/Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
a. Internal Mammary Artery Conduit
b. Saphenous Vein Bypass Graft
5. Coronary Artery Endarterectomy
6. Coronary LASER Angioplasty
7. Ventricular Aneurysm
8. Cardiac Pacemaker
b. Peripheral Interventions
1. Thrombectomy/Embolectomy
2. Artery Bypass
3. Endarterectomy
a. Carotid
b. Profunda
4. Aneurysmectomy - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
5. Vena Cava Filter Placement
a. Moretz Clip
b. Moddin-Udden Umbrella Filter
c. Greenfield Filter
6. Ligation/Stripping of Varicose Veins
7. Fasciotomy
8. Portosystemic Shunts
a. distal spleno-renal shunt
b. meso-caval shunt
c. porta-caval shunt (portal vein)
9. Arteriovenous shunts/fistulas
10. Venous Access Devices
a. external
1. Hickman
2. Broviac
b. internal
1. Mediport
2. Bardport
3. Infusaport
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Instruments – Cardiovascular set
5. Supplies - Rubber Shods
6. Supplies - PTFE Pledgets
7. Supplies - Vessel-Clude
8. Supplies – VessiLoop
9. Supplies - Graft Sizer
10. Supplies - Fogarty Embolectomy Catheters
11. Demonstration Aide - Carotid bypass Shunts
12. Demonstration Aide - Aortic Grafts - straight and bifurcated
13. Demonstration Aide - Gore prosthetic sampler
14. Demonstration Aide - Peripheral Grafts - woven and Gortex
15. Demonstration Aide - Greenfield Vena Cava Filter
16. Demonstration Aide - Greenfield Vena Cava Applicators and Dilators
17. Demonstration Aide - Pacemaker Lead wire and generators
18. Demonstration Aide – Port-a-cath/Medi-port reservoir and tubing
19. Demonstration Aide – Port-a-cath/Medi-port insertion kit
20. Resource - Cardiac Surgery – Seifert
21. A.D.A.M. - Circulatory System
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes 6
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF NEUROLOGICAL
SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF NEUROLOGICAL
SURGERY
OUTCOMES:
1. Review the anatomy and physiology of the organs of the Central Nervous System.
2. Review the anatomy and physiology of the peripheral nervous system.
3. Discuss the pathophysiology of the brain and associated tissues.
4. Discuss the pathophysiology of the peripheral nervous system.
NeuroSurgery.
CONTENT:
a. general divisions
1. diencephalon
a. thalamus
b. hypothalamus
c. pineal
2. metencephalon
a. pons
b. cerebellum
3. myencephalon
a. medulla
b. hypophysis (pituitary gland)
b. bones
1. cranium
2. galea
c. cerebrum
1. cerebral cortex
a. lobes
1. frontal
2. parietal
3. temporal
4. occipital
b. fissures
1. longitudinal fissure
2. central sulcus (Fissure of Rolando)
3. lateral sulcus (Fissure of Sylvius)
2. ventricular circulation
a. lateral ventricles
b. interventricular foramen of Monro
c. 3rd ventricle
d. Aqueduct of Sylvius
e. 4th ventricle
f. foramen of Magendie
g. foramen of Luscha
h. subarachnoid space
3. vascular circulation
a. carotid artery
b. basilar artery
c. circle of Willis
d. cerebral arteries
e. blood-brain barrier
f. pia mater
g. external cortical veins
h. cerebral veins
i. Great Vein of Galen/Superior and Inferior Sagittal Sinus
j. jugular vein
d. Cranial nerves
1. olfactory (I)
2. optic (II)
3. oculomotor (III)
4. trochlear (IV)
5. trigeminal (V)
6. abducens (VI)
7. facial (VII)
8. acoustic (VIII)
9. glossopharyngeal (IX)
10. vagus (X)
11. spinal accessory (XI)
12. hypoglossal (XII)
2. Pathophysiology
a. aphasia
b. ataxia
c. blood-brain barrier
d. craniosynostosis
e. glioma
f. astrocytoma
g. intracranial pressure
h. meningioma
i. meningitis
j. stroke syndrome/Cerebrovascular Accident
k. subdural hematoma
3. skin prep
a. hair shaving
b. marking
c. positioning
1. supratentoral craniotomy - dorsal recumbent
2. lumbar, thoracic, cervical laminectomy - lateral or prone
3. cervical lam., posterior fossa or temporal craniotomy, infratentoral craniotomy –
sitting "beach chair"
4. assistive devices
a. Mayfield headrest
d. draping
1. plastic adhesive drape
2. fluid-impervious sheets
e. hemostasis
1. Gelfoam
2. Surgicel
3. Oxycel
4. bone wax
5. local anesthetic
6. saline injection
7. Raney clips
8. Dandy snaps
f. sponges
1. cottonoid pledgets/strips (neuro patties)
g. Instrumentation
1. Craniotome
2. Penfield dissectors (1, 2, 3, 4, &5)
3. scalp clips – Raney
4. Bayonet forceps
a. bi-polar adapted
b. regular
5. Rongeurs
a. Kerrison
b. Lecksell
6. Ligating clips
h. LASER
1. Argon
2. CO2
3. Nd:YAG
4. tunable dye
i. ESU
j. Cryoprobe
k. Ultrasonic aspirator
l. Irrigation
m. Equipment
1. headlight
2. microscope
3. "loops"
n. Diagnostic/Assistive Interventions
1. Electroencephalogram
2. Stereotaxis
o. Therapeutic Interventions
1. Craniotomy
a. definition
b. basic procedure
c. interventions
1. cerebrospinal rhinorrhea/otorrhea
2. intracranial aneurysm
3. Cerebral Artery Aneurysm
4. AV malformation
5. intracranial revascularization
6. pituitary, parasellar, and suprasellar tumors
2. Craniectomy
3. Cranioplasty
4. Transsphenoid hypophysectomy
5. Craniectomy with evacuation of epi/subdural hematoma
6. Rhizotomy
7. Hydrocephalic shunts
8. Meningocele
9. Spina Bifida
10. Sympathetectomy
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Handout - Cranial Nerves
5. Handout - Spinal Cord and Meninges
6. Demonstration - Rainey Clips
7. Demonstration - Neuro Patties
8. Demonstration Aide – Hydrocephalic shunt
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes 4
DISCUSS THE ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC/GERIATRIC
SURGERY
IDENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF PEDIATRIC/GERIATRIC
PATIENTS
OUTCOMES:
1. Review the special considerations of surgical interventions involving the pediatric
population.
2. Identify the therapeutic, palliative, and prophylactic interventions for pediatric patients.
3. Review the special considerations of surgical interventions involving the geriatric
population..
4. List common surgical interventions involving geriatric patients.
CONTENT:
1. Pediatrics
a. Pathophysiology
1. Congenital anomalies
2. Acquired disease processes
3. Trauma
4. Pediatric Concepts
b. Differences in children by age factor
1. metabolism
2. fluid/electrolytes
3. body temperature
4. infection
5. pain
c. Preparation for surgery
d. Anesthesia considerations
e. Intraoperative considerations
f. Operative procedures
1. biliary atresia
2. esophageal atresia with/without tracheoesophageal fistula
3. imperforate anus
4. pyloric stenosis
5. omphalocele
6. Wilm's tumor
7. extrophy of the bladder
8. hypospadias
9. epispadias
10. scoliosis
11. choanal atresia
12. cleft lip/palate
13. microtia
14. syndactylism
15. craniosynostosis
16. hydrocephalus
17. pectus excavatum
18. coarctation of the aorta
19. patent ductus arteriosus
20. septal defects
21. Tetralogy of Fallot
22. transposition of the Great Vessels
2. Geriatrics
a. Physiological changes in the elderly
1. Integumentary
2. Respiratory
3. Cardiovsascular
4. Digestive
5. Urinary
6. Musculoskeletal
7. Nervous
8. Sensory
b. Psychological changes
1. stress
2. mental changes
3. disease
c. Determination of Operative Risk
1. Class 1
2. Class 2
3. Class 3
4. Class 4
5. Class 5
d. Risk Factors for the Elderly
1. Dehydration
2. Anemia
3. Malnutrition
4. Recent stroke
5. Malignancy
6. Recent MI
7. Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
8. Infection
9. Hepatic Insufficiency
10. Acute dementia
11. Adrenal insufficiency
12. Unstable angina
13. Hyper/Hypothyroid
14. Unstable arrythmias
15. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
16. Uncontrolled Hypertension
17. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
18. Smoking
e. Common surgical interventions in the Elderly
1. Abdominal
a. Cholecystectomy/ostomy
b. gastric resection for PUD
c. colon resection for malignancy
2. Hernia
a. inguinal
b. femoral
c. scrotal
3. GU
a. TUR-P
4. Ophthalmolgy
a. cataract extraction
5. Orthopedics
a. Fractured hip
b. DJD joint arthroplasty
6. Cardio-vascular
a. CABG
b. AAA
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
3. Notes - Lecture
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Classes 4
DENTIFY THE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF
PLASTIC/RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
OUTCOMES:
1. Review the principles of Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery.
2. Identify the surgical interventions of Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery.
3. Define the concepts of burns.
4. Identify the surgical interventions used to treat burns.
CONTENT:
1. Concepts/Principles
2. Draping
3. Anesthesia
4. Supplies
5. Implants
a. Skin grafts
1. concepts
2. types
a. full thickness
b. split thickness
c. pedicle graft
b. Blepharoplasty
c. Otoplasty
d. Rhinoplasty
e. Mentoplasty
f. Rhytidoplasty
g. Hair replacements
h. Liposuction
i. Abdominoplasty
j. Augmentation Mammoplasty
k. Reduction Mammoplasty
l. Dermabrasion
m. Scar revision
n. Burns
1. evaluation
2. procedures
a. Escharectomy
b. Debridement
3. medications
a. antibiotics
b. Silvadene
4. Considerations
RESOURCES:
1. Text Reading
2. Study Guide
4. Demonstration - Breast Implant
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
1. Quiz Questions
Clinical paper - 25% of grade
Revised 1010 TL
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 311 - CLINICAL EXTERNSHIP III
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This experience involves the implementation of learned theory, principles, and procedures taught in
the classroom via patient contact as a member of the Operating Room team. This experience takes place in
local area hospitals and focuses on complex surgical cases.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. The learner will perform various types of complex surgical cases in the first scrub with assist or
first scrub solo role.
2. The learner will correlate and integrate the theoretical practices learned in the classroom into
clinical performance.
TEXTS:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST: A POSITIVE CARE APPROACH,
Third Edition, Frey, AST, Delmar
2. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, Fourteenth Edition, Rothrock, Mosby
Yearbook
3. BERRY AND KOHN'S INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUE, Eleventh Edition,
Atkison, Mosby Yearbook
OPTIONAL TEXT:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, Fourth Edition, Fuller, W.B. Saunders
Required reading
Clinical Journal
Clinical Experience Record
ATTENDANCE:
Attendance at all assigned Clinical Externships is mandatory. Scheduling of make-up experiences is
at the discretion of the instructor. See McCann Technical School Absenteeism policy for guidelines on
clinical absences.
Clinical Day 1-30
OBSERVE/PARTICIPATE IN/ PERFORM COMPLEX SURGICAL PROCEDURES
OUTCOME: The learner will observe, participate in, or perform complex surgical procedures.
COMPLEX SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS
1. The student is required to obtain and prepare their daily assignment for the clinical experience.
2. The student is required to prepare for their clinical experience by studying the procedure,
related anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, and surgical armamentarium related to the
assigned procedure(s) using your texts or outside resources.
3. The student is required to prepare a Pre-Case Data Sheet for each and every assigned case.
These are due the morning of each clinical day. Failure to complete the assigned data sheet will
forfeit the student's assignment to scrub during that time slot. Scheduling changes do not fall
under this requirement.
5. The student is required to complete a Clinical Journal of the week's cases and experiences and
one Surgeon's Preference File (with cards) per week, to be passed in by Monday of the
following week. Late submissions will be reflected in the overall course grade.
6. In order to meet the outcome competencies for graduation, the student must perform a
minimum of ten (10) moderately complex procedures in the “first scrub with assist” or “first
scrub solo” role during this rotation. The student must also perform a minimum of sixty (60)
cases in the “first scrub with assist” or “first scrub solo” role during this rotation.
**NOTE**:In order to meet the outcome competencies for graduation, the student must have performed
a minimum of ten (10) minimally complex core cases, ten (10) moderately complex core cases, ten (10)
minimally complex specialty cases, and five (5) moderately complex specialty cases in the first scrub solo
role during the three rotations. The student must also perform a minimum of 125 cases in the “first scrub”
or “first scrub with assist” role during the three rotations.
Weekly completion of Surgeon's Sheet
Completion of ten (10) moderately complex cases in the “first scrub with assist” or
“first scrub solo” role.
Completion of one hundred twenty five (125) cases in the “first scrub with assist” or “first
scrub solo” role during the three clinical rotations.
Evaluation of student by the instructor - average evaluation score of "meets the
standard" – 50% of grade
Revised 1010 TL
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 210 - UNDERSTANDING SURGICAL PROCEDURES II
6 CREDITS, Lecture
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course explores the diagnostic and surgical interventions of Ear, Nose, and Throat,
Orthopedic, Ophthalmological, and Genito-Urinary Surgery.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
armamentarium associated with Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Orthopedic Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Ophthalmological Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Genito-Urinary Surgery.
TEXTS:
1. ALEXANDER'S CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, 13th Edition, J. Rothrock, Mosby
APPROACH, 3rd Edition, with Accompanying Study Guide, Price, AST, Delmar
OPTIONAL TEXT:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, 4th Edition, Fuller, Elsevier
Saunders
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
ATTENDANCE:
1
READING ASSIGNMENTS
I Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Head and Neck/Oral Surgery
II Identify the surgical interventions of Head and Neck/Oral Surgery
III Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Ear Surgery
IV Identify the interventions of Ear Surgery
V Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Nose and Sinus Surgery
VI Identify the surgical interventions of Nose and Sinus Surgery
ST for the ST – Chapter 17 Otorhinolaryngologic Surgery p. 586
Alexander’s – Chapter 19 Otologic Surgery p. 630
Chapter 20 Rhinologic and Sinus Surgery p. 657
Chapter 16 Thyroid & Parathyroid Surgery p. 553
VII Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Orthopedic Surgery
VIII Identify the surgical interventions of Orthopedic Surgery
ST for the ST – Chapter 21 Orthopedic Surgery p. 791
Alexander’s – Chapter 22
Orthopedic Surgery p. 704
IX Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Ophthalmologic Surgery
X Identify the surgical interventions of Ophthalmologic Surgery
ST for the ST – Chapter 16 Ophthalmic Surgery p. 554
Alexander’s – Chapter 18 Ophthalmic Surgery p. 585
XI Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Genito-Urinary Surgery
XII Identify the surgical interventions of Genito-Urinary Surgery
ST for the ST – Chapter 20 Genitourinary Surgery p. 732
Alexander’s – Chapter 15 Genitourinary Surgery p. 467
Special Instructions:
The Association of Surgical Technologists publishes a periodic journal to its members. An archive
of past journals found in the school library will be used as assignments. Students will review
articles on specific procedures related to the specialties above. The learner must read the article
and answer the posttest. The posttests will be corrected and the grade will be included in the
overall course grade. Upon graduation and certification, these tests can be submitted for
continuing education credits for recertification.
2
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER
COURSE: SR-310 UNDERSTANDING SURGICAL PROCEDURES III
4 CREDITS, Lecture
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course explores the diagnostic and surgical interventions of Thoracic, Cardiovascular,
Neurosurgical, Pediatric, Geriatric, and Plastic Surgery.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
armamentarium associated with Thoracic Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Cardiovascular Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Neurosurgical Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Pediatric and Geriatric Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Plastic Surgery.
TEXTS:
OPTIONAL TEXT:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, 4th Edition, Fuller, Elsevier
Saunders
ATTENDANCE:
1
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
READING ASSIGNMENT
I
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Thoracic Surgery
II
Identify the surgical interventions of Thoracic Surgery
III
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Cardio-vascular Surgery
IV
Identify the surgical interventions of Cardio-vascular Surgery
AST – Chapter 22 Cardiothoracic Surgery p. 939
Chapter 23 Peripheral Vascular Surgery p. 989
Alexander’s – Chapter 25 Thoracic Surgery
Chapter 26 Vascular Surgery
Chapter 27 Cardiac Surgery
V
VI
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Neurological Surgery
Identify the surgical interventions of Neurological Surgery
AST – Chapter 24 Neurosurgery p. 1036
Alexander’s – Chapter 23 Neurosurgery
VII
VIII
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Pediatric/Geriatric Surgery
Identify the surgical interventions of Pediatric/Geriatric Surgery
Alexander’s – Chapter 29 Pediatric Surgery
Chapter 30 Geriatric Surgery
IX
X
Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Plastic Surgery
Identify the surgical interventions of Plastic Surgery
AST – Chapter 19 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Alexander’s – 24 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Written essays and class participation– 10% of grade
of past journals found in the school library will be used as assignments. Students will review
2
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
FALL SEMESTER
COURSE: SR 110 - UNDERSTANDING SURGICAL PROCEDURES I
4 CREDITS, Lecture
PREREQUISITES: SR 102, SR 103, SR 104
Tel.
413.663.5383 Ext 180 or 181
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course explores the diagnostic and surgical interventions of Gastrointestinal/Biliary,
General, and OB/GYN Surgery.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
armamentarium associated with General Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Gastrointestinal/Biliary Surgery.
armamentarium associated with Obstetrical and Gynecological Surgery.
TEXTS:
OPTIONAL TEXT:
1. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, 4th Edition, Fuller, Elsevier Saunders
Required readings
Audio-visual aides
Computer aided exercises
1
ATTENDANCE:
COURSE OUTCOMES & READING ASSIGNMENTS
I Discuss the anatomy/physiology of General Surgery
II Identify the surgical interventions of General Surgery
• Alexander’s
Chapter 13 Repair of Hernias - p. 396-418
• AST
Chapter 14 General Surgery - p. 417-518
• B&K
Chapter 33 General Surgery – p. 657-693
III Discuss the anatomy/physiology of Gastrointestinal/Biliary Surgery
IV Discuss the surgical interventions of Gastrointestinal/Biliary Surgery
• Alexander’s
Chapter 10 Gastrointestinal Surgery - p. 295-356
Chapter 11 Surgery of the Billiary Tract, Liver, and Pancreas
and Spleen - p. 357-398
• AST
Chapter 14 General Surgery - p. 417-518
• B&K
Chapter 33 General Surgery – p. 657-693
V Discuss the anatomy/physiology of female reproduction
VI Identify the surgical interventions of Obstetrical/ Gynecological Surgery
• Alexander’s
Chapter 13 Gynecological and Obstetrical Surgery p. 419-477
• AST
• B&K
Case studies/ workbook - 15% of grade
Quiz/ AST Journal CE Articles Average - 50% of grade
of past journals found in the school library will also be used as assignments. Students will review
2

surgical technology - McCann Technical School

Transcription

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