Coir Fiber What Is the Potential of Coir? By Hira Ahmad Indus Valley

Transcription

Coir Fiber What Is the Potential of Coir?
By
Hira Ahmad
Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture
2011
Coir Fiber What Is the Potential of Coir?
By
Hira Ahmad
This thesis submitted is partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of BACHELOR OF TEXTILE DESIGN, from Indus Valley
School of Art and Architecture.
Internal Advisors: Uzma Zubair
Arshad Faruqi
External Advisors:
Department of Textile Design
Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture
Karachi, Pakistan
2011
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Page 5
Abstract
Page 6
Chapter 1: Introduction
Page 7
Chapter 2: Literature review
Page13
Chapter 3: Research methodology
Page26
-Secondary research
Page27
-Primary research
Page27
-Qualitative
Page28
-Questionnaires and interviews
Page28
-Semi structured interviews
Page29
-Participant observation
Page29
-Case studies
Page30
-Time frame
Page30
-Data analysis
Page31
-Market analysis
Page31
-Strengths and limitations
Page32
-Alternative solutions
Page33
-Ethical considerations
Page33
-Anticipated expectations
Page34
Chapter 4: findings
Page35
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-Interview with Mohammad Akhlaq
Page36
-Interview with Mohammad Fazal
Page39
-Interview with Kamran Yousuf and Bilal Yousuf
Page40
Chapter 5:Data Analysis/Conclusion and
Recommendations
Page41
Glossary
Page56
Bibliography
Page57
Appendices
Page60
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List of Figures
Figure2.1 The outer shell of a coconut
Page22
Figure2.2 The defibering process
Page22
Figure2.3 Dried coir in bundles
Page23
Figure2.4 Spinning of coir ropes
Page23
Figure2.5 Finished coir ropes
Page24
Figure2.6 Fishing net made from coir
Page24
Figure2.7 Coir basket
Page25
Figure4.1 Shops at Jodia bazaar
Page45
Figure4.2 Woven coir floorings
Page45
Figure4.3 Woven coir foot mats
Page46
Figure4.4 Woven flooring with dyed yarn
Page46
Figure4.5 Coir flooring with weave structure
Page47
The weaving of a coir floor runner in
Figure4.6 Landhi
Page47
Figure4.7 Coir warp
Page48
Figure4.8
Page48
Horizontal loom in Landhi
Figure4.9 Finishing of a coir runner.
Page49
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Abstract
Coir is a rough fiber extracted from the outer shell of a coconut. This fiber is used in
making ropes, baskets, mattresses, floorings etc. Coir has various advantages such as, its
durability, its ability to soak moisture; it is also known to be combustible. The fiber does
not weaken even if contact with water for long period of time.
Pakistan is a developing country with a number of natural resources. The question that
helped take this research a shape was “what is the potential of coir in a developing
country like Pakistan?” Interviews were taken in the whole sale market of Karachi in
order to answer a few questions.
Pakistan experiences a sub tropical climate in a few regions; these regions/areas have a
hot humid climate which is excellent for coconut harvesting. However there are
numerous problems that need to be faced for the production of coir in Pakistan, such as
unskilled labor, power and water crisis etc. In order to solve these issues a good amount
of investment will be required.
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Chapter One
Introduction to the Topic
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Pakistan:
Pakistan appeared on the world map on August 14th, 1947 as a result of the war of partition
in the Indian sub-continent and, divided it into two states namely India and Pakistan. 1
According to Huma Naz Sethi Pakistan is located between latitudes 24 degrees 35’ north
and 37 degrees 05’, it extends in longitude 61 degrees east and 78 degrees east. The total
area of Pakistan is 796,096 square km and stretching from north to south 1600km and east to
west 885km.
2
In an article by the (UNEP Pakistan) United Nations Environment Program, Pakistan says
that there is an extreme variation regarding the temperature of Pakistan depending on the
topography. The Himalayas and the Sub-Mountainous tracts rainfall varies from 760 and
1270mm. This area is known to have a sub-tropical climate. The main controlling factors of
this highland climate are: The sub-tropical location of Pakistan tends to keep temperature
high during summers. The oceanic influence via The Arabian Sea keeps a contrast between
the temperatures at the coastal areas, 3whereas, higher altitudes towards the north and west
keeps the temperature down throughout the year. Monsoon winds bring an ample amount of
rain.
4
Agriculture is the main part of the Pakistani economy. Almost fifty percent of the
population is involved in farming, forestry and fishing which altogether contributes to
1
Sethi Naz, Huma. The Environment of Pakistan. London: Peak Publishing, 2008.
2
<http://www.rrcap.unep.org/lc/cd/html/countryrep/pakistan/studyarea.html>
3
<http://www.articlesbase.com/childhood-education-articles/climate-ofpakistan-276181.html>
4
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/country-profile/pakistan1.html>
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twenty-five percent of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Most parts of the country has
fertile plains where crops such as wheat, cotton, maize, sugarcane, rice and tobacco are
grown., Pakistan is self-sufficient for these crops. The areas of Quetta are known for their
fruits. The industries of Pakistan which contribute to nearly twenty percent of the GNP
(Gross National Product) are cotton cloth, tapestries, leather, carpets and rice.
Coir:
5
Coir is a stiff rough material extracted from the outer coconut husk or shell. The coconut
seeds usually found are only the inner fruit, before being brought into the market for sale the
external fibrous layers are removed. These thick rough layers of fiber are known as coir.
They are mostly used for making ropes, carpets, doormats, upholstery stuffing, brushes and
a lot more, due to its sturdy and durable yarn.
6Fresh
water is used to process brown coir and salt water is used in the production of white
coir. 7In order to remove the fruit from the seed, the coconut is pierced to separate the husk.
After the husking is done, the defibering process takes place. 8defibering is the process in
5
"Coir. How Products Are Made.” 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 8 Feb. 2011
<http://www.encyclopedia.com>
6
<http://www.420magazine.com/forums/indoor-soil-cultivation/116262coco-coir-info.html>
7
8
<http://www.onevillage.org/coirsociety.htm>
<http://harimaexport.com/index.php?route=information/
information&information_id=6>
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which the husk is decomposed in salt water if fresh allowing it to separate from the coir
pith.9 After the fibers have been separated from the pith, these fibers are left to dry.
10
There are numerous ways in which coir is used. Brown coir is mostly used in floor
mats/doormats, brushes, mattresses, baskets, mattresses and sacks. 11Coir baskets are mostly
used for gardening. They are made from rubberized coir-fiber. These baskets are popular
because of their eco-friendly nature and light weight. They also act as a decorative material
for indoor as well as outdoor gardening. It has an excellent drainage and air porosity which
is beneficial for plant growth. It has all the bio-degradable properties.
12
There are various advantages and disadvantages of coir. Coir matting can provide surfaces
to walk which may prevent slips and falls. These mats can trap and hold dirt and prevent it
from spreading in the surrounding environment, which also reduces the need for extensive
cleaning.
13
Coir has a good water holding capacity; it is very light in weight, hundred percent
renewable and environment friendly. It does not shrink and does not have a smell of its
own.14 It is easy to clean, resistant to rotting and fungi. It does not combust easily, in fact, it
9
<http://www.petalshell.co.uk/coir.htm>
10
11
<http://www.tonymustoescarpets.co.uk/coir.htm>
<http://elegantcoirs.com/pro_baskets.html>
12
13
14
<http://www.planetnatural.com/site/xdpy/kb/coconut-coir.html>
<http://www.coirkerala.com/coirhistory.htm>
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is known as a flame retardant. It is durable and lasts long without losing it shape. It has an
excellent drainage and air porosity which is beneficial for plant growth. It has all the biodegradable properties.
15
Coconut palm trees are grown in the world’s tropical regions. Coir is mostly produced in
India and Sri Lanka. According to statistics both these nations produce 55 billion coconuts
annually, and 309,000 short tons of coir fiber.
16
The Coir industry is an important part of the cottage industry sector in India. The major
coconut growing States and Union Territories are Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Orissa, Assam, Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep and
Pondicherry. The exports from this industry are around seventy crore Rupees per annum.
Historically, Sri Lanka has been the biggest exporter of various fibers worldwide. Six
percent of the agricultural exports are coir related. Grinding, spinning and weaving are the
main employers of the region mainly in the coastal parts of Sri Lanka. Its coir industry has
gained experience in fiber production and marketing over the years.
Other countries such as Bangladesh, Thailand and Indonesia are also known to be one of the
well known exporters of coir in the international market.
15
16
<http://www.suite101.com/content/coir---a-natural-fiber-fromcoconut- a217310#ixzz1DxiAf8nt>
<http://coconutboard.nic.in/package1.htm>
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The question which will later on help this research in taking a direction is regarding the
potential of coir in a developing country like Pakistan. A few supporting questions will be
needed to be answered in order to understand the potential in depth:
-What are the main reasons for non-existence of the production of coir in Pakistan?
-Is it a feasible thing for Pakistan in terms of climate, environment, skill and manpower?
-Problems coir would face if production took place?
-What is the solution to the problems?
-Where and why is it being used in Pakistan?
The research has been divided into five chapters:
Chapter number one; “Introduction to the topic”
In this chapter a background of Pakistan and its climate has been given briefly along with
and introduction to coir.
Chapter number two; “Literature Review”
Background research has been done via; references from various articles, books, magazines
and brochures have been mentioned in the form of an essay.
Chapter number three; “Research Methodology:
An outline regarding how this research will be taken forward has been drafted.
Chapter number four; “Findings”
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Detailed research has been done through interviews.
Chapter number five; “Data Analysis/ Conclusion and Recommendations”
An analysis has been done from the data gathered from the interviews along with a
conclusion and recommendation on how this research can be taken forward.
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Chapter Two
Literature review
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Literature review
17
Coir is a stiff rough material extracted from the outer coconut husk or shell. There is a lot
mentioned about coir in various articles regarding its usages, production, potential,
advantages and disadvantages.
According to an article titled ‘Coir’, the coconut seeds usually found are only the inner fruit.
Before being brought into the market for sale the external fibrous layers are removed. These
thick rough layers of fiber are known as coir. They are mostly used for making ropes,
carpets, doormats, upholstery stuffing, brushes and a lot more, due to its sturdy and durable
yarn.
18Fresh
water is used to process brown coir and salt water is used in the production of white
coir. The external layer of the coconut seed is processed and spun into yarns. The ripe
coconuts are husked immediately, while the unripe ones are seasoned for about a month.
19In
order to remove the fruit from the seed, the coconut is pierced with a metal tipped spike
to separate the husk. If this process is done by hand a skilled person is able to husk around
2000 coconuts per day.
17
18
<http://www.420magazine.com/forums/indoor-soil-cultivation/116262coco-coir-info.html>
19
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After the husking is done, the retting process takes place. 20Retting (defibering) is the
process in which the husk is decomposed in salt water if fresh allowing it to separate from
the coir pith.21 (The dust that is produced from these fibers is known as coir pith or coir dust,
which is being used as a fertilizer for a number or crops)This action partially decomposes
the husks from the pulp, allowing it to separate into coir fibers and a residue called coir
pith. 22Freshwater retting is used for fully ripe coconut husks and saltwater retting is used
for green husks. After the fibers have been separated from the pith, these fibers are left to
dry. Later the dry fibers are rolled and tied into loose bundles for storage, shipment or other
purposes.
23
In ancient times coir was used as ropes and cordage for ship cables, fenders and
rigging. 24There are numerous ways in which coir is used. Brown coir is mostly used in floor
mats/doormats, brushes, mattresses, baskets and sacks. They can also be used for mattresses
and erosion control on hill sides and river banks. 25According to India net zone, bonded coir
which is sprayed with rubber latex is used as a filling for upholstery in the automobile
industry. White coir is usually used for rope manufacture.
20
21
22
<http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Coir.html>
23
<http://coirboard.gov.in/coirtrade.htm>
24
25
<http://textiles.indianetzone.com/1/coir.htm>
14 | A h m a d
26
In an article by Shanti Mahadevan, a huge variety of products are made from coir i.e.; coir
pith, mats, matting, rugs, carpets, tiles, rubberized coir, tufted mats, geo-textiles, byproducts, ship fenders, fishing nets, ropes for marine applications, and more.
27
Rubberized coir is a hundred percent natural product in which natural rubber latex is
sprayed on coir fiber and then compressed into different thicknesses. It is usually used in
mattresses, pillows and other forms of furniture stuffing.
28
Coir baskets are mostly used for gardening. They are made from rubberized coir-fiber.
These baskets are popular because of their eco-friendly nature and light weight. They also
act as a decorative material for indoor as well as outdoor gardening. It is also said that it
makes plants grow faster and gives them a longer life.
29
There are various advantages and disadvantages of coir. Coir matting can provide surfaces
to walk which may prevent slips and falls. These mats can trap and hold dirt and prevent it
from spreading in the surrounding environment, which also reduces the need for extensive
cleaning.
26
27
“Coir - A Natural Fiber from Coconut: Creation of a Masterpiece – Coir”
<http://www.cocolatex.com/rubberisedcoir.htm>
28
29
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30
Planet natural writes about coir that it is the most versatile material man has ever extracted
from Mother Nature. The reasons are that it has a good water holding capacity; it can hold
up to eight times its weight. Coir is very light in weight, hundred percent renewable and
environment friendly. It does not shrink and does not have a smell of its own.
31
According to Coir Kerala; coir has a lot of advantages such as it’s easy to clean, resistant
to rotting and fungi. It does not combust easily, in fact, it is known as a flame retardant. It is
durable and lasts long without losing it shape. Coir Fiber can soak up to eight times water
compared to its original weight. It has an excellent drainage and air porosity which is
beneficial for plant growth. It has all the bio-degradable properties.
32
In his article “Counting on coir” Joseph B Hanson writes about the advantages and
disadvantages of using coir. He writes that the advantage of coir is it’s environmentally
sound and acts as a wetting agent in many places. The disadvantage includes that it has a
clumpy rough texture which can act as a hindrance for automated equipment.
33
Renu Ramanath regarding the advantages and disadvantages of coir. She writes that good
quality coir is resistant to mould, moisture and rotting. It is durable and adds warmth to the
surroundings. A disadvantage that she mentions is that if low quality coir is used, it fades
30
31
32
<http://www.gpnmag.com/Counting-on-Coir-article4388>
33
<http://www.hindu.com/pp/2005/08/13/stories/2005081300580200.htm>
16 | A h m a d
fast and has a shorter life span compared to that of good quality coir. The only way of
cleaning coir carpets is through a vacuum cleaner.
The fibers technical advantages according to the global market as stated in a report by the
USAID which was published in 2002, 34 reports that coir has a high lignin content which
results in strengthening the fiber and increases its durability compared to other natural fibers
such as flaz, hemp, jute or sisal. Therefore, this makes coir a fiber of choice in erosion
control products, upholstery and rubberized applications. The fibers coarseness, low tensile
strength and inelasticity may limit its use but special treatments and processes can modify
some of these characteristics.
35
Coconut palm trees are grown in the world’s tropical regions. Coir is mostly produced in
India and Sri Lanka. According to statistics both these nations produce 55 billion coconuts
annually, and 309,000 short tons of coir fiber.
36
The Coir industry is an important part of the cottage industry sector in India. The major
coconut growing States and Union Territories are Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Orissa, Assam, Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep and
Pondicherry. The exports from this industry are around seventy crore Rupees per annum.
34
35
36
<http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADT755.pdf>
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Historically, Sri Lanka has been the biggest exporter of various fibers worldwide. Six
percent of the agricultural exports are coir related. Grinding, spinning and weaving are the
main employers of the region mainly in the coastal parts of Sri Lanka. Its coir industry has
gained experience in fiber production and marketing over the years.
Other countries such as Bangladesh, Thailand and Indonesia are also known to be one of the
well known exporters of coir in the international market.
The question which will later on help this research in taking a direction is regarding the
potential of coir in a developing country like Pakistan. In order to understand the context of
coir in the developing industry of Pakistan, an overview of Pakistan’s place in the world is
convenient to provide framework for where coir would fit.
Pakistan appeared on the world map on August 14th, 1947 as a result of the partition in the
Indian sub-continent into two states namely India and Pakistan. 37 According to Huma Naz
Sethi Pakistan is located between latitudes 24 degrees 35’ north and 37 degrees 05’, it
extends in longitude 61 degrees east and 78 degrees east. The total area of Pakistan is
796,096 square km and stretching from north to south 1600km and east to west 885km.
Pakistan shares a common border with China in the extreme north east, Afghanistan in the
west which is also known as the Durand line. Towards the extreme North West, a narrow
strip known as Wakhan which belongs to the afghan territory separates Pakistan from
Tajikistan. In the south western border there is The Islamic Republic of Iran. The southern
border line is marked by the Arabian Sea and to the east India shares the border. The nation
37
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has been divided into four provinces namely Sind, Punjab, Baluchistan and N.W.F.P which
now is known as Khyber Pakhtoon Khuwah.
38
Pakistan is known to be one of the world’s most rapidly growing populations. It has a
mixture of various ethnic groups. Ninety seven percent of the Pakistani population is
Muslim. 39Urdu is the official language whereas Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, Hindko
and Brahvi are also spoken; English is a common language amongst the upper classes.
40
Encyclopedia of Nations describes Pakistan’s region as a temperate zone and varies
weather conditions from a humid coastline, to a dry hot desert interior, to an icy north. The
country experiences all four seasons: winters during December through February, a hot dry
spring from March through May, The monsoon season starts from June and lasts till
September in the south west, in the north east its lasts from October through November.
41
In an article by the (UNEP Pakistan) United Nations Environment Program, Pakistan says
that there is an extreme variation regarding the temperature of Pakistan depending on the
topography. The Himalayas and the Sub-Mountainous tracts rainfall varies from 760 and
1270mm. This area is known to have a sub-tropical climate. The main controlling factors of
this highland climate are: The sub-tropical location of Pakistan tends to keep temperature
38
<http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860197.html>
39
<http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Pakistan.html>
40
41
“Pakistan - Location and size, Territories and dependencies, Climate,
Topographic regions, Oceans and seas”
<http:www.nationsencyclopedia.com/geography/Morocco-toSlovakia/Pakistan.html#ixzz1KNredeWZ>
19 | A h m a d
high during summers. The oceanic influence via The Arabian Sea keeps a contrast between
the temperatures at the coastal areas, 42whereas, higher altitudes towards the north and west
keeps the temperature down throughout the year. Monsoon winds bring an ample amount of
rain.
43
Agriculture is a primary industry, all types of agriculture follows the three step system of
input, process and output. The inputs fall into two groups Natural also known as physical
and human which is known as economic. This determines the types of processes that are
taking place for farming. The result of what the farmers do is known as the output. There are
three main types of framings in Pakistan small scale subsistence farming, cash crop farming
and livestock farming.
44
Agriculture is the main part of the Pakistani economy. Almost fifty percent of the
population is involved in farming, forestry and fishing which altogether contributes to
twenty-five percent of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Most parts of the country has
fertile plains where crops such as wheat, cotton, maize, sugarcane, rice and tobacco are
grown., Pakistan is self-sufficient for these crops. The areas of Quetta are known for their
fruits. The industries of Pakistan which contribute to nearly twenty percent of the GNP
(Gross National Product) are cotton cloth, tapestries, leather, carpets and rice.
42
43
44
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Figure 2.1- 45The outer shell of a coconut.
Figure 2.2:
46
The defibering process
45
<http://w ww.andam anplantations.com/im g/coconut-husk.jpg>
46
<techie2aggie.blogspot.com>
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Figure 2.3 47Dried coir bundles
FIgure 2.4 48Spinning of coir ropes
47
<worldw idesl.w eebly.com >
48
<http://cache.virtualtourist.com/1/4354991-M aking_a_coir_rope-Goa.jpg>
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Figure 2.5 49Finished coir ropes.
Figure 2.6 50fishing net made from coir.
49
<new stkr.com >
50
<http://worldw idesl.w eebly.com /uploads/2/1/8/0/2180853/5407820.jpg
23 | A h m a d
Figure 2.7 51Coir basket
51
<tradekool.com >
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Chapter Three
Research Methodology
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Research Methodology:
The topic for this dissertation is regarding a Natural fiber known as ‘Coir’. The research
question which would help takes this research towards questioning us:
‘What is the potential of coir in a developing country like Pakistan?
Methods of data collection:
Secondary research:
52
Secondary research is done by using data that already exists. This type of data is called
second hand, due to the reason that it’s usually collected by various external means, such as,
books and articles written by experts and authors related to their respective fields. In this
research a lot of aspects regarding economics such as demand, supply and infrastructure will
have to be taken into consideration. Secondary form of data collection is usually done in
order to create a base for primary methods of data collection. This will be carried out by
websites, magazines, books and other research papers which have quality information
regarding the fiber.
Primary Research:
53
Primary research is the original form of data gathering. In other words, it is a form of data
that does not already exist. This form of data which is collected when a particular set of
52
53
Stimson, Peter. Business studies. Cambridge University Press,2002.pg143
<http://tutor2u.net/business/gcse/marketing_research_primary.htm>
26 | A h m a d
people are targeted. 54This is also known as first hand data because it is being collected by
the researcher via his/her own means. This can also be referred to as field research and
further divided into quantitative and qualitative research. Qualitative refers to demand of the
craft / material present in the market today and qualitative form of data collection helps in
discovering answers related to the research that is being taking place.
Qualitative
55
Qualitative research is a technique for collecting data via interviews. The interviews
taken are in-depth discussions with the related authority which, in our case, are the
people who deal with coir fiber in the whole sale markets of Karachi. This includes
collecting primary data by visiting the respective people who deal in the import,
weaving and retail of this material and its products. They are the main focus of this
dissertation. The importers are located in an old bazaar of Karachi, known as, Jodia
bazaar which is very well known for whole sale items.
Collecting data through this method of primary research is important because it helps
to gather information directly from the people who are dealing with this material in
particular. Visiting their work space will help in answering a few questions.
Questionnaires and interviews:
The market fir coir fiber is dominated by men who belong to a very conservative sector of
Karachi. They are not accustomed in dealing with the opposite sex and getting information
54
Stimpson, Peter. Business studies. Cambridge University Press,2002.pg.145
55
Stim pson, Peter. Business studies. Cam bridge University Press,2002.pg.145
27 | A h m a d
from them could be a challenge. Although there are no language barriers in this research,
yet, asking the right questions in order to extract a good amount of knowledge would be
challenging. This is because chances are that if one asks too many questions at the same
time a lot of valuable information could be lost. To cater to this issue, a set of semistructured interviews have been conducted.
Semi structured interviews
56
Semi structured interviews are done by asking questions to the related person and
collecting data via notes or by recording the answers given by the person. There are four
main people who have been dealing with this fiber since the last thirty years. The
questionnaire will be carried out with the owners of these three shops as well as their
employees who retail coir rugs, ropes and other products made from the fiber.
The reason why this method of interviewing has been adopted is because these types of
questionnaires are more flexible and by this one can afford to go back and forth when
required.
Given the constraints mentioned earlier, the questions in the interview will have to be more
flexible in order to dig out an ample amount of information regarding this research. There
are chances that more knowledge regarding this material, such as, its background and history
will be extracted along with other information regarding weaving techniques, quality, etc.
The Shopkeepers / Retailers cater to the market which demands this material and will be
able to give the required amount of information regarding the demand, potential and
problems which this material has to face in our country.
56
< http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-874204-5chap15.pdf>
28 | A h m a d
Participant observation
This can result as a fundamental form of data collection method in terms of field research.
The idea can be achieved by spending a specific time period in the bazaar and observing the
work, environment and the nature of these people. Observing what kind of people come and
ask for products made from this material may give a rough idea regarding the demand and
popularity of this material.
Case Studies
57
Case studies are the collection and presentation of information in detail regarding a
particular group. It is a form of qualitative descriptive research which looks closely at the
selected sector or group in a specific direction. It is usually done for in depth exploration and
description.
Case studies need to be done involving weavers that have always been engaged in the
process of weaving rugs from a very early period in their lives. How they start telling about
their life history, time period involved in the process etc shall therefore be found via case
studies. This will be achieved by listening to their stories.
Time frame:
Field research always asks for time management and targets related aims which need to be
fulfilled in the required time period. Setting targets and organizing work according to the
days allotted is an important and necessary task. As a result, the best possible way in order
to collect data at the maximum level is to do a field examination. Set a time for a meeting
57
< http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/research/casestudy/pop2a.cfm>
29 | A h m a d
and spend the required time talking to the weavers, shopkeepers and other related
individuals, to help them answer and blend with them a little so that they start feeling
comfortable in sharing their experiences and thoughts.
Each individual will at least need an hour to interview; the time limit has to be kept in mind
because this research is being done at an undergraduate level therefore time needs to be
managed accordingly. Interviews with these individuals might require two full days.
Data analysis
58
Data requires a lot of explanation and understanding. So all the methods adopted in order
to analyze data, be it going to the field and returning with a considerable amount of
knowledge, would only be easily available to the reader if it is explained with proper context
and analysis.
59
It is a practice where raw data is put in order and organized so that important and useful
information can be extracted. There are various ways in which data can be manipulated
therefore extra care needs to be taken so that important information and knowledge which
might help in finding a conclusion is not lost or distorted.
Once a proper collection of data has been made by primary research, a proper analysis of the
literature review can be done by secondary sources which have a lot of importance. This
shall include whatever that has been said about the experts in the respected field. In books,
58
Stimpson, Peter. Business studies. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
59
< http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-data-analysis.htm>
30 | A h m a d
brochures, catalogues, articles and websites will have to be thoroughly studied and data will
have to be gathered and maintained throughout this time of research.
Market Analysis
The idea of doing a market survey is to find out what the demand of a particular material is
today and what the demand was previously. Looking into whether there has been a change
in demand and whether this change has occurred slowly and gradually.
Strengths and limitations:
The greatest strength for this research will be the interviews with the shop keepers who
directly interact with the wholesale market as well as the individuals who import the
products for the market.
Time might be a major constraint along with the political unrest in the city. This suddenly
causes the market and other areas of research to being inaccessible.
Paying full attention to the interviewee and recording all the necessary information required
in one day by means of visuals as well as audio, it is important to record all the data because
there could be a possibility of data loss if we depend on memory and written notes only.
Also the quality of information which will be extracted through the field research highly
depends on the quality of questions asked from each individual. Hence, questions need to be
asked appropriately and sensibly. A substantial amount of pre-planning will be required.
Each day which is supposed to be spent with the interviews requires proper planning. This is
the only way a constructive amount of data can be gathered by the end of this research.
31 | A h m a d
Once the field research is complete it would be wise to listen to what each interviewee had
to say and transfer them in note form.
At this point, limitations seem as if they can be handled but as mentioned earlier, time is the
only constraint that cannot be solved. Henceforth utilizing the given time and putting in
extra effort each day and giving at least three hours a day for the research process would
greatly benefit in future. Shortcomings might take place due to improper utilization of time,
otherwise amalgamation of data can easily be achieved without any limitations in the given
time period.
Alternative solutions:
Alternatives can be taken in case of any problem or shortcoming arising during the process
of this research. The issue which is most likely to be faced is the political unrest in the city.
In such a case it will not be possible for one to visit and take interviews. Therefore it would
be a wise decision to reschedule the interviews. In case this is not possible, at this point, the
idea to take interviews over the phone can be taken into consideration as well. This would
help in saving precious amount of time from being wasted.
Ethical considerations:
Ethical considerations play an important part or role in the success of any research project.
One cannot be persistent or rude to individuals if one wishes to seek his or her sincere
opinion. It is true that a change in atmosphere might occur and it might be very different and
diverse from what ones used to but one need to be patient and remain calm at all times in
order to pull out the valuable amount of information the other person has to provide.
32 | A h m a d
Other issues when going on a field survey might be the different topics that evolve while
having a discussion with the local. In such a situation it is advisable to listen and let him/her
complete what they need to say, otherwise the interviewee will be hesitant in answering any
further questions and giving out information, also there is a chance that they might get
confused. Other ethical considerations that should not be overlooked is asking permission
when taking pictures or recording their interview. While speaking keep ones tone soft and
polite.
Anticipated Expectations
Anticipated expectations by the end of this dissertation the reader would be able to know the
economical viability of coir along with its demand locally and internationally. It’s potential
on the economy of a developing country like Pakistan. The questions of how and why shall
be answered. It is expected to seek a lot of information from trips being made to the whole
sale markets of sadder. This compilation of research is expected to benefit others
successfully and to encompass data regarding their respective field of interest.
33 | A h m a d
Chapter four
Findings
34 | A h m a d
Jodia bazaar:
Jodia bazaar is an old bazaar in Karachi, which is famous for its chemicals, spices and other
wholesale goods. These goods are found here at lower rates and are bought in bulk usually.
The shops present in this bazaar are present since the time of the British. Most of the shop
keepers here have inherited the business from their forefathers. There are two families who
have been importing coir ropes and other related products for more than four decades.
Interview with Mohammad Akhlaq:
In an interview with Mohammad Akhlaq, who has been handling this business since the past
thirty years? Previously he was accompanied in this business by his younger brother
Mohammad Fazal but unfortunately due to a few a family clashes the business had to split.
He imports the material from Sri Lanka because of better quality. He said that even though
the coir industry of Sri Lanka had suffered a major loss ever since the 2005 tsunami, but the
dealers chose to compromise on quantity rather than quality.
A little information was given regarding the demand and supply of woven coir mats,
runners, rugs. The ropes are bought by rate of per kilo which is rupees 140/kg. The floorings
are woven in Korangi by different weavers on a contract basis. The weaver charges Rs.25/sq
ft. On average a weaver can weave round about a 100 square feet on a daily basis. These
flooring can be bought in different widths ranging from one and half feet to four feet. The
length can be bought according to one’s personal requirements.
When asked regarding the change in demand of the material in recent times he explained
that there was a time when people preferred to use synthetic materials mostly. Now people
demand eco-friendly materials which are easy to recycle after they were off. Almost a
35 | A h m a d
decade back around two tonnes of woven floorings were sold on a monthly basis, compared
to the past record of two-three years almost five tonnes of woven fiber is being sold on a
monthly basis. The reasons behind it are the numerous advantages of this material.
Coir rugs are extra absorbent and have a good grip around areas which have wet and
slippery surfaces such as around swimming pools, washrooms and wash areas in mosques.
The rugs have a longer life because the fiber doesn’t weaken when in contact with water.
Another good use of these ropes is for fishing purposes, these ropes have always been used
for cordages. A lot of people make fishing nets out of these ropes due to the fact that it is a
natural material and does not harm the fish and other marine life compared to the nets made
from nylon. Another reason is the life span of this material.
Dying is not preferable because of the reason that the colors are not fast and are of a lower
quality which tends to bleed when in contact with access water their fore a lot of customers
prefer to purchase it in its natural color.
Akhlaq also said that there is a good scope for this material in Pakistan. If coconut
harvesting is started here to a certain extent a lot of people will be able to earn a living. The
problem of unemployment will be solved to a certain extent. Since other related businesses
can be launched apart from just the husk and the ropes, other products such as coconut oil,
brooms, fertilizers, stuffing for upholstery and other edible items can bring in a good amount
of revenue. Pakistan has a big coastal area which receives a good amount of rain annually.
The climate in these areas is mostly humid which is best for coconut trees to survive.
He said the Pakistani government should take an initiative regarding this material and
accumulate the resources this country has to offer. H e gave an example of Singapore and
36 | A h m a d
Sri Lanka that these two nations believe in making use of their natural resources as well as
recycling. He also felt that if Pakistan can produce enough raw materials from this business
for local use as well as for export purposes.
He also said that the main problem this material would face is the labor. Unfortunately the
people of this nation are not hardworking these days, since they are highly dependent on
technology. He stated that people mostly look for easier methods of earning money.
The production of this fiber requires a lot of training. Most of the work done is by hand but
since there is advancement in technology, a number of machines are available but they
require a lot of power, Unfortunately Pakistan is already facing a major power crisis. Thus a
good amount of investment will be needed in order for this kind of a production to take a
toll.
37 | A h m a d
Interview with Mohammad Fazal:
Muhammad Fazal is Muhammad Akhlaq’s younger brother. It has been almost fifteen years
since Mohammad Fazal split his business from his elder brother. He imports two different
qualities of coir ropes. One is the brown coir which is imported from Bangladesh and is of a
lower rate, it costs Rs 120/kg. The other is known as white coir, which is originally of a
golden yellow color and is imported from Sri Lanka. White coir is slightly expensive
compared to Brown coir. As stated earlier brown coir costs Rs120/kilo, while white coir is
Rs.140/kilo.
When asked regarding the main differences between the two? He said that both the qualities
share the same advantages, brown coir lightens its color when it is left to dry under the sun.
Whereas white coir has a slightly finer yarn and gives a better look when being used for
interiors. Both the qualities have equal demands.
Mohammad Fazal deals with coir flooring mostly but he does import other related products
such as baskets and different varieties of foot mats. Coir baskets are gaining popularity in
the market due to the moisture absorbent quality of the material. He said that immature
plants need water on a regular basis. As the trend of home gardening and farmhouses is
gaining popularity to save time people choose to purchase these baskets as it saves a lot of
time.
Different types of foot mats are also in demand. He said that since he owns a personal
weaving setup in Korangi, he asks his weavers to add weave structures in order to give the
foot mats a fancy look. This increases his sales; the demand has risen from three tonnes per
38 | A h m a d
month to seven tonnes in the past two years he explains. In his opinion the demand for this
material is rising because of the various advantages of Coir fiber.
The biggest advantage is the durability of this fiber. The strength of the fiber does not
weaken even if kept in contact with fresh or salt water for a pro-longed time period. Since it
absorbs moisture it is not flammable. It can be used indoors as well as doors. It is mostly
used in areas where there is a lot of water contact such as pool sides, wash areas, changing
rooms in sports clubs, bathrooms and main door entrances etc.
When asked regarding the potential of the production of coir and coconut harvesting in
Pakistan! He stated that definitely there are a lot of possibilities as Pakistan are one of the
developing nations. Since Pakistan owns a huge coastal area and these coastal areas
experience a lot of humid and a good amount of sunlight, which is excellent for coconut
trees. It will be of great help to boost the economy as the demand for natural materials is
rising locally as well as internationally. The cost of the yarn will definitely be lesser.
He pointed that every business has its pros and con. There are a number of problems the
production of Coir might have to face. One main problem he pointed was the power crises.
He said that the country is facing a major power crisis which will become a problem. The
second main problem was fresh water supply. A lot of areas are still suffering from a water
crisis. The third major problem would be unskilled labor. He criticized and said that that
people in Pakistan are not skilled and are not sincere to their jobs. Even if an attempt was
made to train a team of labor a good amount of investment would be needed.
39 | A h m a d
Interview with Kamran Yousuf and Bilal Yousuf:
Kamran Yousuf and his brother Bilal Yousuf inherited the business from their Late father
Mohammad Yousuf. Kamran told us that his father started this business about forty five
years back in the days, when he himself (Kamran) was little a boy. Kamran had started to
accompany his father with his business the early years of his life. He said that he has been
working with his father since he was fifteen years old. Now ever since his father’s death, all
three of his brothers help him in the stable running of this business. Kamran himself takes
care of the weaving setup in Korangi and the other three Bilal, Yahiya and Haider take care
of the shop. Bilal manages most of the affairs while Yahiya and Haider offer him a helping
hand when free from their studies.
Coir has always had a good demand in Pakistan. The ropes were previously used for making
fishing nets and also to make cordages. The mats were always in demand for use in various
places such as. Office door entrances, main door entrance, washroom entrances etc. the rugs
and runners were previously used only in the wash areas present at mosques.
Today the demand has risen to a great extent Kamran explains. He compared his sales, and
explained that ten years ago only about two tonnes of coir ropes needed to be imported on a
monthly basis, nowadays a five to eight tonnes of material need to be imported on a monthly
basis.
The reason he gave for the rise in demand is because there is a lot of awareness regarding
natural material. People are shifting from using synthetic materials to using natural and ecofriendly fibers which are easy to recycle and dispose off. Recently the business has been
facing a little bit of a difficulty because of rise in prices; also the supply from Sri Lanka is
40 | A h m a d
causing a small problem regarding its production. Kamran said that the Sri Lankan coir
market has been facing a lot of highs and lows since the 2005 tsunami. Whereas the quality
that Bangladesh provides is gaining its popularity.
There are two qualities available one is called brown coir which is from Bangladesh and
costs Rs.110/ kg, while the other one known as white or golden coir which is imported from
Sri Lanka and costs Rs.140/kg. The main difference between the two is the color and the
thickness of the yarn. Brown coir is of a darker color and has a thicker yarn; the fiber used in
the yarn itself is really thick. While, white coir is of a slightly golden yellow color, the fiber
yarn is finer and a softer. Brown coir has a higher salt content and is extracted from fully
ripe coconuts. White coir has a lower salt level and is extracted from immature coconut
fruits. Both qualities have almost the same advantages.
Coir does not shrink when dried under sunlight, it has the quality to soak eight times its
original weight of water explains Bilal. It has a longer life if taken care of properly. He said
that coir floorings need to be dried under sunlight at least once a week to maintain it for a
longer time period. These floorings are mostly used in pool sides, club houses, Mosques,
corridors and gold jewelry workshops. He explained that since coir does absorb a lot of
moisture from the atmosphere around it its durability and combustible qualities increase. But
in places such as gold jewelry workshops the crafts men crafts his pieces on these coir
runners and later after a particular period of times these runners are dried and burned which
causes the gold which was absorbed by these floorings to take a solid form again.
Recently a lot of designers and artists have started to take purchase these floorings. They
have created interesting pieces out of theses floorings. Bilal said that since they do make
41 | A h m a d
customized orders for their customers and have varied widths and lengths available his shop
is very popular around the city. He told us that a landscape artist once ordered tow six feet
by 12 feet pieces, got them stitched together and used it for his gazebo. Another designer
used it as a shade for his garden furnishings. He explained that the maximum width that can
be woven can go up2 six and a half feet, and length can go up one hundred and fifty feet to
two hundred feet.
Kamran told us that recently he started using chemical dyes to add variety to these floorings
and surprisingly they have become a big hit in the market. A lot of people have started
asking for colored foot mats and rugs, along with weave structures. He said by adding color
its gaining popularity for home textiles as well.
When asked regarding the possibility of the production of coir and its related products in
Pakistan, Kamran and Bilal told a very interesting story regarding making an attempt for this
business. Kamran said that he and his father purchased machineries from china related to the
process of extracting coconut fiber. Unfortunately the idea ended up as being unsuccessful.
The reason being, that numerous problems kept on arising and required a large amount of
investment, which they were unable to afford.
He said that all the problems were really hard to resolve, first being the availability of raw
material locally. He said although there are coconut trees available in Karachi but not
enough to make this material. As compared to Sri Lanka and Bangladesh ware almost
everything revolves around a coconut, from their cuisine to their living spaces. Here in
Pakistan it would have been a big project which would have required support from other
42 | A h m a d
parties it was not a task fit for one person to fulfill. Even if the raw material (coir fiber) was
imported there were various other problems.
Secondly, the labor was unskilled; the people here are not welcoming to change. They do
not want to learn a new skill. They are comfortable with whatever knowledge they have.
Weaving was an easier business to start, because weavers are easily available in Pakistan.
The daily wage of a weaver is very affordable for anyone. He pays his weavers on the
amount they weave daily, which is per feet. He explained that as in the market the floorings
are sold on a per foot basis therefore the weavers also paid accordingly. The rate these days
for a weaver is Rs.30/square foot, and the whole sale rate for the floorings is Rs 55/square
feet-Rs.80/square feet, depending on the type of material being used.
The third major problem is the power supply. The rise in power and oil prices had made it
unaffordable for this business to be taken forward. The cost of the material was even more,
compared to the material that as being imported from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Even today
he explains that Pakistan is facing a power crisis as it is.
Bilal said that once his father told him that the reason why he made this attempt was because
he believed that the Pakistani soil had a lot of potential for these kinds of projects. Bilal
further gave an example of Bangladesh. He said that a few years back Bangladesh was going
through the same power crisis Pakistan is facing nowadays, they were suffering from a harsh
whether as well, yet they made and attempt to build dams and are depending on solar power
now. He said the Sri Lankan economy did go down after the tsunami hit, but slowly and
gradually the industry has come back to its original form after six years.
43 | A h m a d
Kamran suggested that since these days a lot, of people are investing in agricultural
businesses privately such as rice, cotton etc. If a few companies would join hands and invest
in this business it would be of great help to boost Pakistan’s exports and raise its GDP (gross
domestic product).
44 | A h m a d
Figure 4.1: Shops at Jodia bazaar
Figure 4.2- woven coir floorings.
45 | A h m a d
Figure 4.3: woven Coir foot mat.
Figure 4.4: Woven flooring with dyed yarn.
46 | A h m a d
Figure 4.5: 60Coir flooring with weave structure.
Figure 4.6: the weaving of a coir floor runner in Landhi
60
<gowling.co.uk>
47 | A h m a d
Figure 4.7. Coir warp.
Figure 4.8 Horizontal loom in Landhi for weaving coir floorings.
48 | A h m a d
Figure 4.9 Finishing of a coir runner.
49 | A h m a d
Chapter five
Data Analysis/Conclusion and Recommendations
50 | A h m a d
Analysis:
According to the data collected via the interviews at Jodia bazaar, Coir is a natural fiber
which is commonly imported in the form of ropes in Pakistan. These ropes have two
qualities one is known as brown coir which is imported from Bangladesh and the second
quality is known as white or golden coir which is imported from Sri Lanka.
Both the qualities have almost the same advantages. They are both durable and combustible
qualities. Coir fiber can soak up to ten times of moisture as compared to its original weight,
the strength of the fiber does not weaken even if in contact with water for a prolonged period
of time’s fiber does not shrink even if dried under direct sunlight. The biggest advantage of
this material is that it is known to be eco friendly.
The price rate of brown coir is Rs.110/kg-Rs120/kg, while white coir is a bit expensive
compared to brown coir it cost from Rs.120/kg- Rs.140/kg. The only difference between the
two is that brown coir has a thicker fiber and is dark in color, where as white coir has a finer
fiber and is lighter in color. The woven floorings are sold on the basis of per feet, the per
feet charge of these floorings ranges from Rs.55/square feet- Rs.85 per square feet
depending on the quality of fiber being used.
In previous times coir ropes were used in Pakistan to make fishing nets and cordages. The
floorings were mostly used in Mosques and other open areas where there was a lot of water
contact. These days coir flooring has gained a lot of popularity in the market. These
floorings are used in open spaces such as pool sides, club houses, corridors and gold
jewellery work shops.
51 | A h m a d
Since these floorings are mostly used in areas with an immense amount of water contact
mostly shop keepers do not consider dying the material. While Kamran Yousuf did
experiment with using chemical dyes to increase the popularity of these floorings.
Previously about two to four tonnes of material were imported on a monthly basis. In recent
years four to seven tonnes are being imported on a monthly basis.
According to the first two interviews with Mohammad Akhlaq and his brother Mohammad
Fazal, Pakistan does have all the resources to produce this material. It will be able to provide
more job opportunities and the problem of unemployment will be solved to a certain extent.
Pakistan has the climate and soil for coconut harvesting which means that there is a
possibility for the mass production of this fiber. Yet, there are various problems which will
have to be faced regarding the production of this fiber. According to these two shop keepers
a bid amount of investment will be needed to produce raw material and to train the labor.
The second problem is regarding the basic supplies needed such as power and water.
The main problems which were pointed out of experience by Kamran and his brother out of
experience was mainly low financial investment. Due to less finances one problem lead to
another. There are not enough raw materials available locally, in order to extract the fiber.
Secondly the labor was not skilled and educated regarding the production of this material.
Furthermore there was not a sufficient supply available for the basic needs such as power
and water.
52 | A h m a d
Conclusion and recommendation:
In the light of the data collected by through literary context and interviews, 61Pakistan has a
sub-tropical climate; 62a big coastal belt is present towards the southern region which
provides Pakistan with a humid climate. This type of a climate is good enough for the
production and harvesting of coconuts.
According to the interviews Pakistan has a lot of natural resources to start this kind of a
project of harvesting coconuts at a big scale. Due to the problems stated in the earlier
chapter a failed attempt was made! The reason behind it was lack of experience and
problems related to infrastructure.
Likewise these issues can be solved if a little attention is given by government authorities
and non-government organizations. If proper funds are raised and people are educated/
trained a good amount of revenue can be earned through this fiber. As Pakistan is a
developing nation the problem of unemployment can be resolved to a certain extent as stated
in the interviews.
Kamran Yousuf and his brother had suggested a few solutions regarding the power and
water crisis by giving example of Bangladesh. He said that if solar power is utilized in
Pakistan the electricity issue can be easily resolved. According to statistics 63Pakistan faces
61
62
63
53 | A h m a d
about 760 mm to 1270 mm of rainfall annually, if this water is stored by constructing more
dams and barrages the problem of water shortage can be solved to a certain extent. The
question of what part do designers and artists of Pakistan offer to make the use of fibers such
as coir popular needs to be researched further on.
54 | A h m a d
Glossary:
Cordages: the ropes in the rigging of a ship
Fenders: a pile or a row or cluster of piles placed to protect a dock or bridge pier from
damage by ships or floating objects
Husking: the process in which the fibrous layer of the coconut is removed from its inner
fruit.
Retting: defibering or the process in which the husk is decomposed in salt water if fresh,
allowing it to be separated from the coir pith.
Rubberized coir: when natural rubber latex is sprayed on coir fibers in order to make
mattresses and stuffing for furniture.
55 | A h m a d
Bibliography:
<http://www.420magazine.com/forums/indoor-soil-cultivation/116262Coco-coir-info.html>
<http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/ksheets/coir.html>
<http://coirboard.nic.in/aboutcoir.htm>
<http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Coir.html>
<http://coirboard.gov.in/coirtrade.htm>
<http://textiles.indianetzone.com/1/coir.htm>
Information&information_id=6>
“Coir - A Natural Fiber from Coconut: Creation of a Masterpiece – Coir”
<http://www.gpnmag.com/Counting-on-Coir-article4388>
<http://www.hindu.com/pp/2005/08/13/stories/2005081300580200.htm>
<http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADT755.pdf>
56 | A h m a d
<http://www.mallanka.com/M1_2300e.htm>
<http://www.cocolatex.com/rubberisedcoir.htm>
<http://www.agricultureinformation.com/mag/2005/02/the-indian-coirIndustry/>
<http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860197.html>
<http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Pakistan.html>
<http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/fibres/coir.html>
Stimson, Peter. Business studies. Cambridge University Press, 2002.pg143
<http://tutor2u.net/business/gcse/marketing_research_primary.htm>
< http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-874204-5chap15.pdf>
< http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/research/casestudy/pop2a.cfm>
< http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-data-analysis.htm>
Sethi Naz, Huma. The Environment of Pakistan. London: Peak Publishing, 2008
57 | A h m a d
<http://w ww .andam anplantations.com/img/coconut-husk.jpg>
<techie2aggie.blogspot.com>
<worldwidesl.weebly.com>
<gowling.co.uk>
<http://cache.virtualtourist.com/1/4354991-Making_a_coir_rope-Goa.jpg>
<new stkr.com >
<http://w orldw idesl.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/8/0/2180853/5407820.jpg>
<tradekool.com >
58 | A h m a d
Appendix:
Name: Mohammad Akhlaq
Q- Since how long have u been doing this business?
a- I have been handling this business since the past thirty years, Previously i was
accompanied in this business by my younger brother Mohammad Fazal but
unfortunately due to a few a family clashes the business had to split.
Q- Where does this material come from?
a-
import the material from Sri Lanka because it is of a better quality and offers good rates
in bulk. Even though the coir industry of Sri Lanka had suffered a major loss ever since
the 2005 tsunami, but the dealers chose to compromise on quantity rather than quality.
Q-g Can you give us a little information regarding the demand and supply of woven coir
mats, runners, rugs?
a- The ropes are bought by rate of per kilo which is rupees 140/kg. I get these floorings
woven from Korangi by different weavers on a contract basis.
Q- How much does a weaver charge?
a- The weaver charges Rs.25/sq ft.
Q- How much can a weaver weave on an average daily basis?
a- On average a weaver can weave round about a 100 square feet on a daily basis.
Q- On what basis do u sell these woven floorings? On a square feet basis or according to its
weight?
59 | A h m a d
a- These flooring can be bought in different widths ranging from one and half feet to four
feet. The length can be bought according to one’s personal requirements.
Q- Has there been a change in demand of the material in recent times? If yes why has this
change occurred?
a- There was a time when people preferred to use synthetic materials mostly. Now people
demand eco-friendly materials which are easy to recycle after they where off. Almost a
decade back around two tonnes of woven floorings were sold on a monthly basis,
compared to the past record of two-three years almost five tonnes of woven fiber is
being sold on a monthly basis. The reasons behind it are the numerous advantages of this
material.
Q-what are the advantages of this material?
a-Coir rugs are extra absorbent and have a good grip around areas which have wet and
slippery surfaces. It has a longer life.
Q- Where are these floorings and ropes mostly used?
a- These are mostly used around swimming pools, washrooms and wash areas in mosques.
Q- What is the life span of this material?
a-The rugs have a longer life because the fiber doesn’t weaken when in contact with
water. Another good use of these ropes is for fishing purposes, these ropes have always
been used for cordages. A lot of people make fishing nets out of these ropes due to the
fact that it is a natural material and does not harm the fish and other marine life
compared to the nets made from nylon.
60 | A h m a d
Q- Do you prefer to dye this material? What is the demand?
a- Dying is not preferable because of the reason that the colors are not fast and are of a
lower quality which tends to bleed when in contact with access water their fore a lot of
customers prefer to purchase it in its natural color.
Q- do you think Pakistan has the potential for the production of this material, what
advantages will Pakistan have?
a- There is a good scope for this material in Pakistan. If coconut harvesting is started here
to a certain extent a lot of people will be able to earn a living. The problem of
unemployment will be solved to a certain extent. Since other related businesses can be
launched apart from just the husk and the ropes, other products such as coconut oil,
brooms, fertilizers, stuffing for upholstery and other edible items can bring in a good
amount of revenue. Pakistan has a big coastal area which receives a good amount of rain
annually. The climate in these areas is mostly humid which is best for coconut trees to
survive
Q- can you give a few suggestions regarding the production of this material?
a-The Pakistani government should take an initiative regarding this material and accumulate
the resources this country has to offer. An example of Singapore and Sri Lanka can be taken,
that these two nations believe in making use of their natural resources as well as recycling. I
also feel that if Pakistan can produce enough raw materials from this business for local use
as well as for export purposes.
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Q- The main problem this material would face is the labor. Unfortunately the people of this
nation are not hardworking these days, since they are highly dependent on technology. He
stated that people mostly look for easier methods of earning money.
The production of this fiber requires a lot of training. Most of the work done is by hand but
since there is advancement in technology, a number of machines are available but they
require a lot of power, Unfortunately Pakistan is already facing a major power crisis. Thus a
good amount of investment will be needed in order for this kind of a production to take a toll
Name: Mohammad Fazal
Q-Since how long have you been doing this business?
a- It has been almost fifteen years since I split my business from my elder brother.
Q-What qualities do you import?
a-I import two different qualities of coir ropes. One is the brown coir which is imported
from Bangladesh and is of a lower rate, it costs Rs 120/kg. The other is known as white coir,
which is originally of a golden yellow color and is imported from Sri Lanka. White coir is
slightly expensive compared to Brown coir. As stated earlier brown coir costs Rs120/kilo,
while white coir is Rs.140/kilo.
Q-What is the main difference between the two?
a- both the qualities share the same advantages, brown coir lightens its color when it is left
to dry under the sun. Whereas white coir has a slightly finer yarn and gives a better look
when being used for interiors. Both the qualities have equal demands.
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Q-what products do you usually deal with?
a- coir flooring mostly but I do import other related products such as baskets and
different varieties of foot mats. Coir baskets are gaining popularity in the market due to
the moisture absorbent quality of the material. immature plants need water on a regular
basis. As the trend of home gardening and farmhouses is gaining popularity to save time
people choose to purchase these baskets as it saves a lot of time. Different types of foot
mats are also in demand. Since I own a personal weaving setup in Korangi, I ask my
weavers to add weave structures in order to give the foot mats a fancy look. This
increases sales.
Q-What is the demand nowadays?
A- the demand has risen from three tonnes per month to seven tonnes in the past two
years. In my opinion the demand for this material is rising because of the various
advantages of Coir fiber.
Q- What Are the advantages?
a- The biggest advantage is the durability of this fiber. The strength of the fiber does not
weaken even if kept in contact with fresh or salt water for a pro-longed time period. Since it
absorbs moisture it is not flammable.
Q- Where is it mostly used?
a-It can be used indoors as well as doors. It is mostly used in areas where there is a lot of
water contact such as pool sides, wash areas, changing rooms in sports clubs, bathrooms and
main door entrances etc.
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Q-What is the potential of the production of coir and coconut harvesting in Pakistan?
A- definitely there are a lot of possibilities as Pakistan is one of the developing nations.
Since Pakistan owns a huge coastal area and these coastal areas experience a lot of humid
and a good amount of sunlight, which is excellent for coconut trees. It will be of great help
to boost the economy as the demand for natural materials is rising locally as well as
internationally. The cost of the yarn will definitely be lesser.
Q- What problems do you feel will arise?
a- every business has its pros and con. There are a number of problems the production of
Coir might have to face. One main problem he pointed was the power crises. the country is
facing a major power crisis which will become a problem. The second main problem was
fresh water supply. A lot of areas are still suffering from a water crisis. The third major
problem would be unskilled labor. The people in Pakistan are not skilled and are not sincere
to their jobs. Even if an attempt was made to train a team of labor a good amount of
investment would be needed.
Name: Kamran Yousuf and Bilal Yousuf
Q- How long have u been doing this business?
A-Kamran: we inherited the business from their late father Mohammad Yousuf. My father
started this business about forty five years back in the days, when I was a little boy. I started
to accompany my father with his business the early years of my life. I have been working
with my father since I was fifteen years old. Ever since my father’s death, all three of my
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brothers help me in the stable running of this business. I take care of the weaving setup in
Korangi and the other three Bilal, Yahiya and Haider take care of the shop. Bilal manages
most of the affairs while Yahiya and Haider offer him a helping hand when free from their
studies.
Q- What is the demand of coir? Where and what is it used for?
a- Kamran: Coir has always had a good demand in Pakistan. The ropes were previously used
for making fishing nets and also to make cordages. The mats were always in demand for use
in various places such as. Office door entrances, main door entrance, washroom entrances
etc. the rugs and runners were previously used only in the wash areas present at mosques.
ten years ago only about two tonnes of coir ropes needed to be imported on a monthly basis,
nowadays a five to eight tonnes of material need to be imported on a monthly basis.
Q- what is the reason behind the rise in demand?
a-The reason for the rise in demand is because there is a lot of awareness regarding natural
material. People are shifting from using synthetic materials to using natural and eco-friendly
fibers which are easy to recycle and dispose off. Recently the business has been facing a
little bit of a difficulty because of rise in prices; also the supply from Sri Lanka is causing a
small problem regarding its production. Kamran said that the Sri Lankan coir market has
been facing a lot of highs and lows since the 2005 tsunami. Whereas the quality that
Bangladesh provides is gaining its popularity.
Q- What different qualities are available?
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a-There are two qualities available one is called brown coir which is from Bangladesh and
costs Rs.110/ kg, while the other one known as white or golden coir which is imported from
Sri Lanka and costs Rs.140/kg. The main difference between the two is the color and the
thickness of the yarn. Brown coir is of a darker color and has a thicker yarn; the fiber used in
the yarn itself is really thick. While, white coir is of a slightly golden yellow color, the fiber
yarn is finer and a softer. Brown coir has a higher salt content and is extracted from fully
ripe coconuts. White coir has a lower salt level and is extracted from immature coconut
fruits. Both qualities have almost the same advantages.
Q- What are the advantages of coir?
a- Bilal: Coir does not shrink when dried under sunlight; it has the quality to soak eight
times its original weight of water. It has a longer life if taken care of properly. coir floorings
need to be dried under sunlight at least once a week to maintain it for a longer time period.
These floorings are mostly used in pool sides, club houses, Mosques, corridors and gold
jewelry workshops. He explained that since coir does absorb a lot of moisture from the
atmosphere around it its durability and combustible qualities increase. But in places such as
gold jewelry workshops the crafts men crafts his pieces on these coir runners and later after
a particular period of times these runners are dried and burned which causes the gold which
was absorbed by these floorings to take a solid form again.
Kamran: Recently a lot of designers and artists have started to purchase these floorings.
They have created interesting pieces out of theses floorings.
Bilal: since we do take customized orders for our customers and have varied widths and
lengths available his shop is very popular around the city. He told us that a landscape artist
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once ordered tow six feet by 12 feet pieces, got them stitched together and used it for his
gazebo. Another designer used it as a shade for his garden furnishings. the maximum width
that can be woven can go up2 six and a half feet, and length can go up one hundred and fifty
feet to two hundred feet.
Kamran: recently I started using chemical dyes to add variety to these floorings and
surprisingly they have become a big hit in the market. A lot of people have started asking for
colored foot mats and rugs, along with weave structures, by adding color its gaining
popularity for home textiles as well.
Q- is there a possibility of the production of coir in Pakistan?
a- Kamran: I will tell you a very interesting story regarding making an attempt for this
business. my father purchased machineries from china related to the process of extracting
coconut fiber. Unfortunately the idea ended up as being unsuccessful. The reason being, that
numerous problems kept on arising and required a large amount of investment, which they
were unable to afford.
All the problems were really hard to resolve, first being the availability of raw material
locally. although there are coconut trees available in Karachi but not enough to make this
material. As compared to Sri Lanka and Bangladesh ware almost everything revolves around
a coconut, from their cuisine to their living spaces. Here in Pakistan it would have been a big
project which would have required support from other parties it was not a task fit for one
person to fulfill. Even if the raw material (coir fiber) was imported there were various other
problems.
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Secondly, the labor was unskilled; the people here are not welcoming to change. They do
not want to learn a new skill. They are comfortable with whatever knowledge they have.
Weaving was an easier business to start, because weavers are easily available in Pakistan.
The third major problem is the power supply. The rise in power and oil prices had made it
unaffordable for this business to be taken forward. The cost of the material was even more,
compared to the material that as being imported from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Even today
he explains that Pakistan is facing a power crisis as it is.
Bilal: once my father told me that the reason why he made this attempt was because he
believed that the Pakistani soil had a lot of potential for these kinds of projects. an example
of Bangladesh can be taken, a few years back Bangladesh was going through the same
power crisis Pakistan is facing nowadays, they were suffering from a harsh whether as well,
yet they made and attempt to build dams and are depending on solar power now. Even the
Sri Lankan economy did go down after the tsunami hit, but slowly and gradually the
industry has come back to its original form after six years.
Q- how much do you pay your weaver?
a- I pay my weavers on the amount they weave daily, which is per feet. in the market the
floorings are sold on a per foot basis therefore the weavers also paid accordingly. The rate
these days for a weaver is Rs.30/square foot, and the whole sale rate for the floorings is Rs
55/square feet-Rs.80/square feet, depending on the type of material being used.
Q- Are there any suggestions you would like to give for the production of this fiber m?
68 | A h m a d
a-Kamran: since these days a lot, of people are investing in agricultural businesses privately
such as rice, cotton etc. If a few companies would join hands and invest in this business it
would be of great help to boost Pakistan’s exports and raise its GDP (gross domestic
product). As a lot of other products can be made from coconut and its fiber such as, coconut
oil, milk, cream, brooms, baskets etc.
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Coir Fiber What Is the Potential of Coir? By Hira Ahmad Indus Valley

Transcription

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