History of a contribution - Site de l`Etablissement Public Foncier

History of a contribution
14
YEARS OF INDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT
IN THE
N O R D -PA S
DE
CALAIS REGION
EPF
assessment
1991 2004
●
History of a contribution
EPF
assessment
1991 2004
●
14
YEARS OF INDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT
IN THE
N O R D -PA S
DE
CALAIS REGION
contents
A word from the President
p3
Introduction
part 1
History and characteristics of the actions taken
I The reasons for the Region’s commitment to a policy of industrial brownfield treatment
II The major steps of the industrial brownfield redevelopment process
in the Nord-Pas de Calais Region
III The actions carried out by the EPF
to meet the objectives set in the successive Planning Contracts
p4
p6
p7
p8
p12
part 2
Assessment of the EPF’s interventions
I Financial assessment
II Territorial assessment
III Mobilising competences
p16
p17
p18
p18
part 3
The effects of the industrial brownfield redevelopment policy entrusted to the EPF
I Recomposing the region’s territories
II Recomposing built-up territories
III Protecting and upgrading the environment
IV Protecting and upgrading the cultural heritage
p22
p23
p25
p27
p29
Conclusion
p30
Appendix
I Partners
II The EPF team
III Glossary
IV Maps & booklet
ESCAUT VALLEY,
SCARPE VALLEY,
SOUCHEZ AND HAUTE-DEÛLE VALLEY,
LAWE AND CLARENCE VALLEYS,
SAMBRE VALLEY,
OTHER TERRITORIES.
p34
p34
p37
p38
p39
A
word
from
From the end of the 70s,
faced with the major issue
of the territory's economic and
social conversion, the elected
officials of the
Nord-Pas de Calais Region,
spurred on in particular
by Umberto Battist and with
the support of the State and
the European Union, have set up
an ambitious policy aimed at
reclaiming industrial brownfields.
From 1991 onwards, this policy
relied on the Etablissement
Public Foncier, a newly created
institution in charge of reclaiming
the major industrial brownfields
with no immediate re-use
possibilities.
During the last fourteen years,
under the successive presidencies
of Noël Josèphe, Marie-Christine
Blandin and Michel Delebarre and
the directorships of Jean-Marie
Ernecq and Marc Kaszynski,
supported by the EPF’s technical
team led by Jean-Louis Bastien,
the EPF has carried out its
mission by redeveloping
over 200 sites
on over 4,752 hectares.
the
president
Our landscapes, particularly
in the former coal basin,
show the marks of this
intervention, which has given
the recycled sites a chance
to have a second life.
Some of these sites will add up
to the 1,770 hectares of waste
heaps acquired by the EPF
from Charbonnages de France
to build up the frame of a green
pattern, a project supported by
the Region, to which the Nord
and Pas de Calais general councils
are partners on behalf of their
policy on Sensitive Natural Spaces.
Others are meant to become part
of the territorial development
strategies conducted by the local
communities and their
associations, and make up a land
resource for new projects aimed at
economic and urban development.
This assessment will help us to
preserve the memory of our
region's industrial past, and is a
milestone in the Etablissement's
life.Today the Etablissement
Public Foncier, aware of the
Nord-Pas de Calais local
communities’ needs, provides
them with support in order to
make their strategies operational
in the fields of urban reclaiming
and the land recycling of derelict
spaces that are often affected by
soil pollution.
Thus the know-hows and the
skills put together within the
Etablissement in the past years
serve a development policy which
should be conducted and shared
by all of our region's local
communities.
Jean-François CARON
Today, it is our responsibility to
ensure that these fourteen years of
investments lead to a sustainable
assets management on these sites,
to guarantee the sound use of
land, an always scarcer resource.
It is also our responsibility to keep
a lasting track of the scars that
still mark these sites, as they
constitute the inescapable
environmental conditions
of their re-use.
3
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Introduction
This assessment has been carried out following 14 years of
interventions by the Etablissement for the redevelopment of
industrial brownfields in the Nord-Pas de Calais Region.
It covers several kinds of intervention on “major brownfields”,
“environmental brownfields” and the restructuring of “derelict
spaces”.
The EPF’s first assignment, for which it was created in
December 1990, was to implement, on behalf of the State and
the Region, the redevelopment schemes of large industrial and
mining sites left derelict after the operations ceased. This
assignment was carried out continuously during the Xth, XIth
and XIIth Plans in the framework of the State-Region Planning
Contracts.
The second part focuses on the quantitative elements of
brownfield redevelopment.
It presents detailed figures of the results of the brownfield
redevelopment policy entrusted to the EPF. This information
shows both the financial and territorial aspects.
Today, after these fourteen years of interventions and with the
prospect of redefining the redevelopment policy in 2006, it is
important to keep a record of the EPF's interventions, particularly by highlighting the effects of redevelopment on the affected territories, and to propose potential guidelines for the
future.
The third part assesses the qualitative effects of the
redevelopment policy.
This assessment concentrates on the stated effects on a physical level (restructuring territories, restructuring urban patterns, landscape and environment, built-up and natural heritage), as well as on professional (effects on companies’ knowhows and employment) and human levels.
This assessment is divided in three parts:
The first part presents the history of the industrial
brownfield redevelopment policy.
This policy, defined and launched by the State and the Nord Pas de Calais Region in 1984, is marked by the major steps
accepted and placed in each of the State-Region Planning
Contracts.
The fourth part is an inventory of the redevelopment
operations carried out by the EPF between 1991 and 2004,
on which the assessment is based.
This inventory consists of a database that can be consulted on
CD. For the sake of consistency and user-friendliness, redevelopment operations are presented on different geographical
levels:
4
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
each of the redevelopment operations is summed up on an
identification sheet,
❚ these sheets are grouped together when the redevelopment
operations are part of the comprehensive valorisation project
of a larger site,
❚ finally, operations and sites are grouped in 6 geographic
areas:
- 5 homogeneous geographic groups made up of the large valleys that give its structure to a large part of the region's territory, and hold the largest part of the operations related to the
end of the steel and coal industries of the Bassin Minier:
Escaut valley,
Scarpe valley,
Souchez and Haute-Deûle valleys,
Lawe and Clarence valleys,
Sambre valley,
- another group is made up of the remaining region’s territory
and holds more diversified and scattered development operations.
❚
At the end of this report, a list shows all the teams and partners that have collaborated or taken part in this policy, either
within the EPF or as institutional or professional partners
from the public or private sectors.
The director of the EPF,
Marc KASZYNSKI
Note that the financial amounts of the operations have all been
converted into Euros in order to make comparisons easier, and
that a glossary provides the translations of abbreviations,
acronyms and specific terms used in the document.
5
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
History and characteristics
of the actions taken
6
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
history
THE REASONS FOR THE REGIONʼS
I N V O LV E M E N T I N A N I N D U S T R I A L
BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT POLICY
Territories are affected in diverse ways: the major
weight of the bassin minier
Like other French regions, the Nord - Pas de Calais
region was faced with issues of industrial, social and
urban restructuring from the 70s onwards. However, the
scale of this phenomenon has become particularly large
in this region. The continuous changes of the production
apparatus to adapt to technological developments and
market demand were combined with the sudden restructuring of large mono-activity sectors like the
mining, steel and textile industries.
In the 80s, as the number of abandoned or derelict
industrial sites was growing, the fast re-use or reassignment of these spaces became increasingly harder. The
dereliction of these sites has become a major problem in
many urban or periurban contexts.
The “industrial brownfield” phenomenon was unevenly
spread throughout the territory, and its importance
varied widely from one sector to another.
Quite naturally, the brownfield phenomenon reflects the
distribution of activities on the territory. A high concentration of brownfields is found in the towns of Roubaix,
Tourcoing and Lille (textile industry), the Nord -Pas de
Calais coal basin and the Sambre valley steel basin.
Therefore, all economic development strategies for these
areas had to take that phenomenon into account.
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELDS
1983 (OUT OF 1 200 STUDIED SITES)
BY ARRONDISSEMENTS IN
A region faced with a large-scale
reconversion process
ARRONDISSEMENT
Avesnes
Cambrai
Douai
Dunkerque
Lille
Valenciennes
The Nord - Pas de Calais region's economy was structured by mono-activity industries: textile industry in the
towns of Roubaix-Tourcoing and Lille, the Calais area
and the South of the Nord department, steel and mining
industries in the Bassin Minier (coal basin), and steel
industry in the Sambre valley and the Dunkerque area.
Subtotal Nord
Arras
Béthune
Boulogne
Montreuil
St Omer
Calais
Lens
The successive crises that struck these activity sectors
between 1970 and 1990 have put the local economy offbalance and engendered high unemployment, which in
turn has caused problems of depopulation, urban crises
and impoverishment of local communities. These crises
left the region's landscape filled with many derelict sites
(over 1,200) and nearly 10,000 hectares of industrial
brownfields (50 % of the registered brownfields in
France in the 80s).
❚ Steel and coal brownfields made up large, very damaged estates that could be polluted (coking plants and
mine dumps) or have a much-used subsoil,
❚ Textile sites, of lesser dimensions, hosted buildings that
were easier to re-use. These brownfields, often located in
the centre of towns, could be given a real-estate function
after large redevelopment operations.
Subtotal Pas de Calais
TOTAL
SURFACE AREA IN HECTARES
474
153
1 141
290
307
2 254
4 619
449
1 210
53
73
242
20
1 568
3 615
8 234
%
OF TOTAL
6%
2%
14%
4%
4%
27%
56%
5%
15%
1%
1%
3%
0%
19%
44%
100%
Sources : Inventaire Région Nord-Pas de Calais (Conseil Régional, Béture - Setame Nord)
In the centre of the region, the Nord-Pas de Calais
coal basin gathered nearly 75 % of the registered
industrial brownfields.
Most of these brownfields were made up by mining, steel
or textile structures. Mining activities held a major
place in the geographical distribution, as they are very
land-consuming and generate many secondary structures (power plants, railways, waste heaps…).
7
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
The considerable development issues call for an
adequate process and an exemplary action
THE
MAJOR STEPS OF THE INDUSTRIAL BROWN-
FIELD REDEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN THE NORDPAS DE CALAIS REGION
The acknowledgement of this phenomenon in 1981 led
to the implementation of a specific “industrial brownfields” policy.
L arge pu bl i c comp a n i e s , p ar t i c u l ar ly C DF
(Charbonnages de France), and major industrial companies owned over 3/4 of the region’s industrial brownfields.
At the start of the 80s, this situation led the regional
council and the State to consider supporting the costs of
brownfield treatment on a national level. Within the framework of the State-Region Planning Contracts
(Contrats de Plan Etat-Région, CPER), a very voluntarist
“industrial brownfield redevelopment” policy was
implemented.
Several reasons justify the involvement of the State and
the Region in a brownfield redevelopment action:
❚ the damaging effect of these rundown spaces on the
towns’ public images and on a larger scale, on the
region's image,
❚ the difficulty in mobilising these often well-located
properties, considering their constraints: congestion,
inadequate buildings, dilapidated networks, need for a
land restructuring that integrates their surroundings,
transportation...
❚ the opportunity to rethink the urban development of
towns: traffic schemes, public facilities, housing, commercial zones… can be designed from these spaces,
which have a surface large enough to host large projects
of intermunicipal scale.
1984/1988: towards a policy of returning brownfield
to their «zero condition»
The brownfield redevelopment policy was introduced
from the XIth Plan onwards and was implemented by the
State in connection with the Nord-Pas de Calais
Regional Council.
The aim that was put forward was to return brownfield
sites to their “zero condition”. Contrary to what has
sometimes been said, returning brownfields to the “zero
condition” did not systematically entail demolition
actions, but also the rehabilitation (weatherproofing) of
rundown industrial heritage that enables their return on
the market.
The will to return these derelict industrial spaces on the
land market through the encumbrance of public funds
was combined with the will to create new activities on
these sites, which in turn generate employment.
Thus, about 1,250 hectares have been redeveloped
between 1984 and 1988.
1989/1993: creation of the EPF Nord-Pas de Calais:
towards a new image for the region's large mining
and industrial sites
From the 1990s on, the specific issue of large “off-market” sites led public authorities to differentiate their
means of intervention:
❚ for redeveloped brownfields that could be re-used in a
short time, local communities were to be the project
owners of redevelopment operations,
❚ for brownfields with no short-term project, redevelopment must still be initiated by the State and the Region.
This guideline led to the creation, in December 1990, of
the EPF Nord - Pas de Calais. Its main assignment was to
implement the redevelopment policy of brownfields
with no short-term projects, called “large brownfields”.
8
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
history
Within the framework of the corresponding CPER, an
amount of 220 million Francs (33 million Euros) was
entrusted to the EPF, and enabled the redevelopment of
about 1 500 hectares of brownfields out of 2 800 hectares redeveloped in the region over the same period.
Finally, from 1996 onwards the EPF has been granted its
own financial resources, which enable it to manage temporary property ownership on behalf of local communities. Temporary property ownership can be combined
with redevelopment operations. This land action supports and even completes redevelopment operations
carried out on “environmental brownfields”.
This period marks the end of the rundown image of the
largest brownfields, particularly the industrial and
mining brownfields of the Bassin Minier and the
Sambre valley. The will to improve these sites has led to
a drastic change in the region’s image perceived by economic investors, and has partly increased the confidence of the inhabitants of rundown areas, traumatised by
the dereliction of their former workplaces.
During these years, the EPF has treated nearly 2,500 hectares of environmental brownfields; the total surface
area of brownfields treated in the region is not known.
2000/2006: the widening of the scope of the industrial brownfield redevelopment policy to include
rundown areas with a view on urban reclaiming
1994/1999: the priority given to treating “environmental brownfields” and improving the heritage
Since 2000, the new brownfield policy has followed new
guidelines. After ten years of redevelopment policy, it
appeared necessary to make redevelopment a part of a
global “rundown areas” treatment process.
During this period, the brownfield redevelopment policy
was centred on two issues: “finalised brownfields” and
“environmental brownfields”, the difference lying in the
time needed before re-use:
At the same time, the EPF decided on three strategic
intervention lines that were placed in its 2000-2006
Land Intervention Program as “land recycling”.
“finalised brownfields” must find an immediate re-use,
with a redevelopment aimed mainly at returning properties to their “zero condition” in the economic sense.
Projects are decided upon by their specific project
owners,
❚
“environmental brownfields” are all brownfields with
no foreseeable short-term (5 years) re-use which must
be treated in order to improve the inhabitants' environment and the affected territories’ public image. A
regional redevelopment scheme is set up, centred on territory projects. The “environmental brownfields”
redevelopment is entrusted to the EPF by the State and
the Region.
❚
financially, the major line concerns urban renewal and
support to town policies,
❚ the second one concerns large-scaled economic projects with regional importance, as for example the land
intervention carried out around the multimodal platform at Dourges,
❚ the third one relates to the green pattern land, a strategy which enabled the EPF to integrate the purchase of
waste heaps from Charbonnages de France.
These three lines are supplemented by a specific intervention: the redevelopment by the EPF of polluted (not
merely derelict) sites within the framework of the policy
for derelict spaces. In this regard, the creation of a
department specialised in polluted sites and soils (Pôle
de Compétence sur les Sites et Sols Pollués) led to an
increased acknowledgement of the polluted soils issue.
During the first part of this period, 666 hectares were
treated by the EPF.
❚
This period also shows the opening of the redevelopment policy to a process of preserving and improving
the heritage made up by former high-quality industrial
facilities, particularly by:
❚ preserving the architectural heritage of memory sites,
❚ preserving and securing heap frames,
❚ preserving and improving mining railways landscapes.
9
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
SUMMARY OF THE SURFACE AREAS TREATED
THE EPF FROM 1991 TO 2004
1989 - 1993 STATE-REGION
PLANNING CONTRACT
hectares
1 546
2 540
666
4 752
Article 29: Industrial brownfields
In the continuity of the actions carried out during the IXth
Plan for the redevelopment of industrial brownfields, the
State and the Region commit themselves to pursuing and
developing their interventions for the redevelopment and
planning of derelict activity sites.
Choice, nature and scope of their interventions will be
agreed upon, favouring:
- the towns and industrial basins that have been the most
damaged, and that require brownfield treatment before their
conversion,
- areas where the town project shows the priority of global
brownfield reclaiming.
Through these programs and priorities, the State and the
Region aim at:
- redeveloping large brownfields that are too important for
the local issues and capacities and have a particularly negative impact,
- taking part in the redevelopment (or planning) of sites that
enable the implementation of large-scaled projects for town
development,
- by treating industrial brownfields, supporting projects for
the restructuring of neighbourhoods in connection with the
actions taken for the renewal of their various functions,
- more generally, facilitating brownfield redevelopment in
areas where they are a major issue.
Operations will be initiated and carried out by municipalities or associations of municipalities, or with their consent,
on sites considered by the State and the Region as having a
regional importance.
In these cases, land redevelopment could be assigned jointly by the State and the Region to a specific
operator.
“ Industrial brownfields”
CPER
1989-1993
1994-1999
2000-2006
TOTAL
BY
a definition
Industrial brownfields are either built-up or bare properties, that have hosted any kind of industrial activity and have been damaged in a way that
prevents any re-use without important previous rehabilitation.
The intervention of the State and the Region on a site will
take into account all the operation’s foreseeable incomes and
expenses.
They are harmful to the environment, spoil land resources and engender
deterioration and costs for local communities. Due to their sizes and locations, they sometimes offer opportunities of re-use.
10
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
history
1994 -1999 STATE-REGION
PLANNING CONTRACT
2000-2006 STATE-REGION
PLANNING CONTRACT
Article 30: Redevelopment of industrial brownfields
The State and the Region agree that the redevelopment of
industrial brownfields generated by economic conversion
should be pursued and accelerated. Their target is the redevelopment of 4 000 to 5 000 hectares.
To this purpose, a regional redevelopment scheme will be set
up and linked with:
- the current regional Planning scheme,
- large planning projects,
- territory projects.
It will be supported by a regional land policy.
Two complementary kinds of interventions will be developed:
- environmental redevelopment, for which project
ownership will usually be delegated to the
Etablissement Public Foncier Nord - Pas de Calais, will
be allotted 75% of the Planning Contract budget,
- finalised or integrated redevelopment, for which project
ownership will usually be provided by local communities or
related institutions, and interventions on urban margins
will be possible, will be allotted 25% of the Planning
Contract budget.
An observatory on industrial brownfields will be set up and
managed by the State and the Region.
A technical resource centre on industrial brownfields will be set
up by the EPF and the relevant partners to support the programs
and actions carried out by local communities.
A department specialised in the management and
treatment of polluted sites will be set up in connection
with the EPF.
It will provide the scientific and technical support required
by experimental operations on polluted soils and toxic sediments in rivers and pools, and work in the field of ecotoxicology, particularly in collaboration with the ADEME
(French environment and Energy Management Agency).
For the duration of the Planning Contract, the State will provide 230 million Francs, and the Region 85 million Francs
(in connection with the action described in article 72).
Funds from FEDER Objective I and II will be solicited.
An agreement will define the details of its implementation.
Article 57: Restoration, protection, development and
management of spaces and natural resources: reclaiming
territories
Defining the operational objective
The aim is the carrying out of a territory upgrading and reclaiming project. It is combined with urban, rural, economic and
environmental intervention policies and is a part of territory
development projects. These can deal with regional issues, the
specific dynamics of territory projects or more local issues.
Partnership/Financing
State: 333.5 million Francs, 175 of which for FNADT
brownfields
Region: 211 million Francs (no details available)
Départements also take part in the financing of this objective.
European funds will also be solicited.
Means of action
57.1 Reclaiming rundown spaces (industrial and commercial
brownfields, derelict housing areas…)
57.2 Bringing down the amount of polluted sites and soils
57.7 Reinforcing the green pattern and the Region’s
afforestation.
11
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
ACTIONS
TAKEN BY THE
EPF
support the landscape reclaiming of large brownfields
that can constitute single spaces over whole townships,
❚ act quickly on public safety issues raised by buildings
that threaten to crumble, dangerous soil movements…
The first chosen sites included public-owned sites that
were effectively available, had no activity or only residual activities.
TO ACHIEVE THE
❚
AIMS STATED IN THE PLANNING CONTRACTS
The main steps of the industrial brownfield redevelopment process in the Nord-Pas de Calais region show the
necessity to invent new methods and means of operation that can respond to the political expectations of
these 14 years.
The “Large industrial brownfields” intervention also
included smaller brownfields that had a strong negative
impact on the municipalities’ territories (i.e. very visible
brownfields that harmed the communities’ images).
Operation forms corresponding to each of the policies
stated in the Planning Contracts are explained in this
chapter.
Finally, this intervention was a way of testing work
methods and build up know-hows to work on certain
very specific sites like:
❚ polluted properties that require exemplary diagnoses
and means of treatment, concertation with the relevant
authorities, and adequate funding,
❚ brownfields on urban margins, which require a new
kind of action that combines land restructuring and definitive quality treatment, and for which subsequent
management by local communities must be clearly defined,
❚ collective memory sites that need to be protected and
upgraded as they belong to economic and social history,
but are part of large groups of brownfields stretched
over dozens or even hundreds of hectares.
To summarise the evolution of the main issues of
brownfield redevelopment, the following trends can be
observed:
❚ erasing and starting new activities,
❚ hiding, designing the landscape and modifying the
image,
❚ preparing for the reappearance of economic activities,
❚ preparing for the “return to nature” of most of the large
sites and preserving natural and built-up heritage,
❚ encouraging operations that integrate complex
programs.
Interventions on “large industrial brownfields”
The “Large industrial brownfields” policy has been
aimed at upgrading the municipalities’ images, and
more generally the region’s image. These brownfields
were similar in that no short-term economic re-use was
planned for them.
This was a solidarity policy of the State and the Region,
carried out with the support of the EPF and in partnership with the SACOMI (Société d’Aménagement des
Communes Minières) and Charbonnages de France who
made the properties available (1992 agreement).
For the EPF, achieving the aims of the “Large industrial
brownfields” policy required to find answers to other
needs:
❚ mobilising prime contractors and public building professionals for demolition, earthwork and landscaping
works,
❚ contributing to the development of skills and the
exportation of know-hows (for example the pre-planting
action),
❚ integrating environmental concerns in the redevelopment of industrial sites,
❚ encouraging the collective acknowledgement of the
necessity for preventive action.
The intervention authorised on these sites was redevelopment, aimed at giving these sites a more attractive
image while their future economic use was still
unknown.
Works consisted only in the demolition, treatment, sanitation and landscaping (planting) in order to facilitate
the insertion of the sites in their environment.
Priority was given to treating brownfields that had a
strong impact on public image and the environment.
Thus, the 1992-1993 program sets priority on brownfields located near large infrastructures and important
communication structures (highways and TGV railways), so as to:
Interventions on “environmental brownfields”
Along with the redevelopment of “finalised brownfields”
which have a prospect of immediate re-use, the redevelopment of “environmental brownfields” entrusted to the EPF
consisted in the land upgrading of brownfields that did not
have any middle-term (5 years) prospect of re-use.
12
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
history
In this way, interventions were changed and the action
shifted towards the lasting landscaping of sites, rather
than the pre-planting of areas to be urbanised.
The costs of preliminary studies and works are wholly
financed by the State, the Region and the European
Union, up to the ceilings set in the Planning Contract or
the various european programs.
As before, redevelopment works include demolition,
earthwork, pre-planting and setting up fences.
The aim of local communities remains the insertion of
these brownfield lands on the land market after the
5-year period (in this regard, it is very significant that
development maps still state these areas as having
industrial uses). However, the redevelopment work had
to consist mainly in upgrading the inhabitant’s environment, the territories' images and helping to insert the
sites in their environments.
“Environmental brownfields” redevelopment action
thus shifted imperceptibly from the landscaping of former activity areas while they had no use (pre-planting
action) to the idea of environmental upgrading, in which
less stress is put on the industrial use.
RÉGION NORD - PAS
INDUSTRIAL
BROWNFIELD POLICY
●
DE
CALAIS
FINANCING PROGRAM
STATE
REGION
EEC
230 Million Francs
85 Million Francs
445 Million Francs
PLANNING CONTRACT
article 30 315 MF
1994-1999
EUROPEAN SUPPORT
FRAMEWORK: 415 MF
EUROPEAN INITIATIVE
PROGRAM: 30 MF
objective 1
Rechar 1994 / 1999: 10 MF
1994 / 1999: 165 MF
Feder Line IV Measure 1
Resider 1994 / 1999: 20 MF
objective 2
Measure 1
Measure 3
1994 / 1996: 126 MF
Feder Line III Measure 1
objective 2
BROWNFIELDS TOTAL:
730 MF
1997 / 1999: 124 MF
Feder Line III Measure 1
objective 1:
310 MF
RELATED
POLICIES
30 MF
objective 1: 8,9 MF
objective 2: 17,8 MF
no objective: 3,3 MF
objective 2:
355 MF
outside feder:
65 MF
“ENVIRONMENTAL ”
POLICIES
FINALISED POLICIES
500 MF
230 MF + 30 MF
EPF encumbrance committee
and European programming committee
❚ surveys
❚ works
❚ department of polluted sites and soils
TOTAL
State-Region enquiry group
and European programming committee
❚ surveys
❚ works
13
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
:
The EPF enters into negotiations and processes that lead
to the purchase of certain brownfields and, if necessary,
neighbouring parcels, in order to create consistent land
units.
❚ as a land operator, it purchases rundown areas on
behalf of local communities and manages the property
by carrying out protective works for the duration of its
ownership.
❚ as a redevelopment operator, it solicits subsidies,
orders technical surveys, chooses companies and carries
out the protective works that are compatible with the
future site development.
Intervention on the “ecuring”of built-up heritage
The scope of the environmental brownfield redevelopment policy has widened to allow for better quality and
to support a diversified treatment, particularly through
the preservation of the architectural heritage of large
memory sites (mines in Oignies, Arenberg, Loos-enGohelle and Lewarde) and heap frames.
This action, centred on heritage, has widened the competence range of redevelopment professionals in the
field of built-up assets.
Specific actions were taken to secure mining buildings
and railways, which included strengthening the structures (weatherproofing the buildings, treating steel and
concrete parts of heap frames), while waiting for their
re-use or redevelopment.
The EPF acts both as a land operator and as a redeveloper, through an intervention that combines temporary
land ownership with redevelopment in a predevelopment strategy.
Reclaiming “rundown spaces”
The main large sites having now been treated, and the
remaining brownfields being temporarily unavailable
due to litigation matters linked to the end of mining
concessions, residual activity or pollution, the “brownfield” policy stated in the 2000-2006 Planning Contract
is growing less intense.
The State and the Region only finance the reclaiming of
rundown or derelict areas if it is part of a larger action
engaged by the community:
❚ projects of regional importance,
❚ projects integrated in territory projects,
❚ projects of local importance.
Sites are treated within the framework of a finalised
project:
❚ reclaiming urban land to restructure towns and curb
periurbanisation,
❚ developing a green pattern on the town and regional
levels (Métropole lilloise / Bassin Minier).
Relation with the development of the EPF's own land
action
In the end of 1995, the EPF's board of governors realised
that the technical interventions of brownfield redevelopment were limited by the problems of land ownership
and the EPF's ability to raise its own funding: it then
decides to raise the Special Development Tax. Its land
intervention is carried out in “relation” with its redevelopment assignment, acting primarily on recomposing
built-up land as well as rundown and destructured
areas. Today, these various assignments have been blended into integrated operations.
14
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
history
LAND USE IN THE
NORD-PAS
DE
CALAIS
REGION
Land use
Agricultural areas
Developed areas
Wooded areas
Coastal and dunal areas
Pasture land
Wet areas
Production : SIGALE® Nord-Pas de Calais - January 2001-
INITIAL POOL
OF INDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELDS IN
NORD-PAS
DE
CALAIS
Sources : BDcarto IGN© et données E.P.F.. Atelier de cartographie de l’Etablissement Public Foncier Nord-Pas de Calais. April 2005
15
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Assessment of
the EPF’s interventions
This part of the assessment focuses on both the
financial and territorial aspects of this redevelopment
policy and on its impact on professional sectors.
The first chapter draws a “financial assessment”: it
lists investments and related operations by program
year and shows the financing source. Local communities have only been financially involved in the last
Planning Contract.
The second chapter draws a “territorial assessment”:
it summarises operations by territories, départements
and townships and the sorts of works carried out. The
weight of the Bassin Minier was very high in the first
years, due to the redevelopment of large mining and
steel industry sites. It tends to decrease today, in
favour of operations that are more diversified and
better distributed over the region's territory. Finally,
the nature of the works carried out is evaluated.
A third chapter draws an assessment of the “mobilisation of competences”, and attempts to evaluate the
impact on professional sectors. It deals with project
owners, prime contractors and private companies.
It is based on the main figures of the redevelopment
policy's results, and aimed at evaluating the
importance of the works engaged by the EPF since its
creation. It was drafted using the information available to the EPF.
It consists of
❚ a table on operation follow-up from 1991 to 2004,
❚ financial sheets, available for the 1994-2003 period.
Note that many operations planned for the 2000-2006
are currently in progress. Thus, some of the data on
this period is provisory. However, the definitive data
for the 2000-2004 period is relevant and shows the
trends of the last Planning Contract.
16
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
assessment
FINANCIAL
ASSESSMENT
The operations carried out on “large industrial brownfields” and “environmental brownfields” (1991-1993 and
1994-1999) have been granted a 100% financing (StateRegion-FEDER Objectives I and II) within the frame of
annual programs set up by the State and the Region,
based on the implementation agreement for the StateRegion Planning Contract, which binds the State, the
Region and the EPF and is modified on a yearly basis.
This assessment is based on the financial sheets drafted
for each operation. They are the amounts (tax included)
assigned to each operation, not including survey costs.
Financial assessment by program year
NUMBER OF
YEAR
OPERATIONS
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000-2003
2004
TOTAL
ASSIGNED AMOUNT
14
17
14
29
42
38
28
33
19
48
11
293
AVERAGE ASSIGNED
AMOUNT PER OPERATION
784 448
728 826
622 917
411 059
334 596
418 809
419 590
344 255
481 135
596 967
1 345 878
510 880
10 982 276
12 386 634
8 720 844
11 920 701
14 053 052
15 914 758
11 748 526
11 360 413
9 141 559
28 654 440
14 804 601
149 687 804
Within the framework of the 2000-2006 Planning
Contract, the EPF’s operation within the rundown
areas redevelopment policy is not based on this sort
of agreements or planning. The EPF solicits subsidies
for each specific operation, for the following intervention categories:
❚ rundown areas recognised by the State and the
Region as having a regional importance, for which the
EPF can be granted a 100% financing. These include
- the regional green pattern
- memory sites (weatherproofing and heap frames)
- large economic projects: works related to the Dourges
multimodal platform
❚ rundown spaces recognised as having territorial
importance. Their treatment is subsidised to 50 or 70%
of the work costs, depending on the FEDER areas, and
can receive additional ANRU or GPV funding.
Operations that fit this framework are called integrated
operations (they combine temporary land ownership
with redevelopment); the rest of the financing is provided by local communities.
in Euros
The financial assessment shows 293 operations carried
out or in progress by the end of 2004, with an average
assigned amount of € 510,880.
The evolution of the amounts assigned per operation
shows that the operations carried out between 1991 and
1993 were costly. This is due to the large size of the first
planned sites.
Operation costs increase again from 1999 onwards, due
to a change in the form of the interventions:
❚ costly operations on small surfaces, particularly on
mining railways and “weatherproofing” and, in 2002,
pollution cleaning on the Delta3 multimodal platform,
❚ treatment of industrial brownfields located in urban
areas, including the operations required by this kind of
intervention: asbestos removal, treatment and removal of
wastes and residual pollution.
From 1989 to 1993, over 32 million Euros have been assigned to “large brownfields” redevelopment.
From 1994 to 1999, over 75 million Euros have been assigned to “environmental brownfields” redevelopment.
As of today, over 28 million Euros have been assigned to
the “Rundown areas” measure within the frame of the
2000-2006 Planning Contract.
Source of financing
CPER
FEDER
STATE
REGION
LOCAL
COMMUNITIES
OTHER
1989-1993 9 626 926 16 044 877 6 417 951
50%
30%
20%
9
642
626 23 937
23
822
754
40
649
722
1994-1999
0,1%
13%
32,1%
54,8%
(*)
2000-2006
13 547 383 6 170 201 1 975 936 5 280 249 1 680 671
2000-2003 47,3%
5,9%
21,5%
18,4%
6,9%
174 112
5 635 372 4 580 675 957 081
2004
8,4%
1,5%
40,4%
0%
49,7%
TOTAL
32 089 754
100%
74 139 009
100%
28 654 440 (*) for 2000 and the following years, figures show the amounts for assigned and subsi100%
dised operations.In 2004, decisions by the State and the Region on funds management
11 347 241 led to the exclusive planning of operations with regional importance, which do not
require funding from local communities.
100%
in Euros
17
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
T E R R I TO R I A L
ASSESSMENT
Number of sites and redeveloped surfaces by
arrondissement
SITES
NOMBRE
Avesnes-surHelpe
Cambrai
Douai
Dunkerque
Lille
Valenciennes
REDEVELOPED SURFACE
%
HECTARES
%
Importance of the Bassin Minier in the redevelopment works
11
257
5
13,3
12
27
8
9
41
6
13
4
4
20
49
682
14
74
1 267
1
14
<0,5
2
27
4,1
25,3
1,7
8,2
30,9
120
58
2 343
49
19,5
6
25
3
12
23
621
<0,5
13
3,8
24,8
1
<0,5
1
<0,5
1
Subtotal
Pas de Calais
Total region
Bassin Minier
51
4
87
25
2
42
1735
29
2 409
37
1
51
34
7,2
27,7
207
100
4 752
100
22,3
144
69
4 328
91
30,1
Outside the
Bassin Minier
63
31
424
9
6,7
Arras
Béthune
Boulognesur-mer
Lens
St Omer
NUMBER
OF
23
Subtotal
Nord
OF WHICH BASSIN MINIER
AVERAGE
SURFACE /SITE
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000-2003
2004
TOTAL
MOBILISING
NORD
PAS
19 213 664 - 60%
33 920 679 - 46%
12 830 998 - 45%
7 381 127 - 49%
73 346 468
DE
CALAIS
653
588
305
544
493
670
361
226
246
451
215
4 752
NUMBER
SURFACE/
OF
SITE
OPERATIONS
46,6
34,6
21,8
18,8
11,7
17,6
12,9
6,8
12,9
9,4
19,6
16,2
13
15
9
16
29
24
20
24
18
31
5
204
REDEVELOPED
SURFACE
646
580
273
464
461
603
343
195
246
399
118
4 328
AVERAGE
SURFACE
SITE
49,7
38,7
30,3
29
15,9
25,1
17,2
8,1
13,7
12,9
23,6
21,2
COMPETENCES
This assessment is based on data from the administrative management of cases, and particularly from procurement contracts.
Distribution of the financing of the operations carried out by the EPF
12 885 090 - 40%
40 209 330 - 54%
15 823 442 - 55%
7 423 474 - 51%
76 341 336
14
17
14
29
42
38
28
33
19
48
11
293
AVERAGE
Over time, the relative weight of the Bassin Minier within
the EPF’s intervention decreases. 99% in 1991, 88% in
2000-2003 and 55% in 2004.
The size of operations shows a significant decrease from
1991 (49.7 hectares) to 1998 (8.1 hectares), and increases
again in 2004 (23.6 hectares). This decrease can be
explained by the growth in interventions that consume
small surfaces: heap frames, weatherproofing, pollution
treatment… On the contrary, the trend reversal in 20002003 and 2004 is caused by the first important operations of the Regional Green Pattern (as for example the
Pinchonvalles waste heap, HK Porter and the Pont-surSambre power plant).
In terms of surface, interventions are evenly distributed
between Nord and Pas-de-Calais, with 2,343 hectares in
Nord and 2,409 hectares in Pas-de-Calais. The number of
sites is much higher in Nord (120) than in Pas-de-Calais
(87).
This can be explained by the fact that more sites located
outside the Bassin Minier have been treated in Nord (52)
than in Pas-de-Calais (11).
CPER
SURFACE
OPERATIONS
Since its creation, the EPF has programmed 239 operations, with a total of 207 sites distributed over the
region's 11 arrondissements and amounting to 4,752
hectares.
Mining brownfields redeveloped by the EPF are
essentially located in the Bassin Minier, with over 69% of
redeveloped sites and 91% of the redeveloped surface.
1991-1993
1994-1999
2000-2003
2004
TOTAL
REDEVELOPED
TOTAL
32 098 754
74 130 009
28 654 440
14 804 601
149 687 804
in Euros
Funds are assigned relatively evenly to Nord (51%) and
Pas de Calais (49%).
18
A redevelopment operation is usually made of several
steps. After conducting preliminary surveys, a prime
contractor is chosen, who will define the project content
more accurately and prepare the call for tenders. For a
single operation, several procurement contracts can be
granted, regarding
❚ demolition,
❚ asbestos removal,
❚ waste removal and possibly pollution cleaning,
❚ earthwork,
❚ planting,
❚ sometimes, interventions on built-up properties
(weatherproofing).
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
assessment
A two-year maintenance period follows the investment
phase of redevelopment. Sites are then managed by local
communities, in accordance with the agreements they
have signed.
In various ways, the industrial brownfield redevelopment policy supports directly or indirectly the
development of economic activity and the upgrading
of professional sectors.
Nature of the works carried out
CPER 2000-2006
CPER 1989 - 1993 CPER 1994 - 1999
2000-2003
2004
4 969 248
828 208
1 956
651 800
217 267
1 445
181 300
16 482
843
8 855 278
681 175
1 863
5 045 955
1 681 985
3 263
14 461 032
2 410 172
5 693
1 696 900
565 633
3 762
537 960
48 905
2 502
21 741 847
1 672 450
4 475
Demolition & asbestos removal
Total cost in Euros
Average per operation
Average per hectare
2 477 896
825 965
1 603
4 063 656
827 276
1 954
6 897 629
2 299 210
15 294
2 144 565
194 960
9 835
16 453 746
1 265 673
3 462
Grass planting
Total in m2
Average per operation
Average per hectare
4 278 738
1 426 246
2 768
8 615 118
1 435 853
3 392
663 716
221 239
1 472
428 720
38 976
1 994
13 986 292
1 075 673
3 462
Young tree seedlings
Total in units
Average per operation
Average per hectare
4 651 833
1 550 611
3 009
6 920 442
1 153 407
2 724
305 140
101 713
677
50 500
4 591
234
11 927 915
917 532
2 510
Tree stems
Total in units
Average per operation
Average per hectare
10 615
3 538
7
13 076
2 179
5
587
195
1
30
3
24 308
1 870
5
Mining railways (u)
14
3
1
18
Building weatherproofing (u)
3
4
2
9
Earthwork
Total in m3
Average per operation
Average per hectare
3 052 930
1 017 643
1 975
Grading
Total in m2
Average per operation
Average per hectare
Pollution cleaning (u)
Basin leakproofing (m2)
Engineering works rehabilitation (u)
GRAND
TOTAL
3
3
25 500
25 500
1
1
(*) figures for 2004 are provisory
19
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Significant changes appear:
❚ from 1988 to 1993, “landscaping” treatment activities
make up most of the interventions,
❚ from 1994 to 1998, activities begin to diversify, and
include protective measures for built-up properties (14
mining railways and 3 weatherproofing operations),
❚ Operations then change significantly, with interventions
on urban sites that integrate demolitions and asbestos
removal. The rise of this new kind of operation was also
caused by the EPF providing temporary land ownership
within the frame of agreements signed with local communities.
Amount of procurement contracts and evolution of
the mobilised professional competences
TOTAL AMOUNT
YEAR
OF
CONTRACTS AND
AMENDEMENTS
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
171 828
7 705 885
17 297 489
3 370 213
11 763 593
13 483 918
11 881 308
0 787 260
17 750 436
4 215 700
4 261 541
6 339 480
8 125 071
17 874 293
NUMBER
OF
CONTRACTS
AVERAGE AMOUNT
4
35
85
17
71
95
93
67
117
22
23
18
47
49
42 957
220 168
203 500
198 248
165 740
141 933
127 756
146 078
151 713
191 623
185 284
352 193
172 873
344 373
in Euros
From 1991 to 1997, the landscaping treatment of sites
makes up most of the activity and, in spite of monetary
inflation, the amount of the procurement contracts
shows a constant decrease (from 220,168 Euros in 1992
to 127,766 Euros in 1997), as the number of operations
and the size of sites decrease. Prime contractors are for
the most part landscapers and earthwork, landscaping,
or planting companies.
The average amount of contracts increases again very
significantly in 2004, with two large planting contracts
and two weatherproofing operations (€ 8,011,520) and a
demolition contract (€ 2,252,389).
During this period of diversification, new providers come
up:
❚ on the prime contractor level (technical surveys offices):
prime contractors specialised in asbestos removal, pollution cleaning, demolition…
❚ on the companies level, painting companies, scaffolding
and building sector companies (works on head frames
and weatherproofing), asbestos removal and pollution
cleaning companies.
❚ other experts: surveyors, diagnosers (asbestos, lead)
and specialised environmental survey offices (ESR, EDR,
hydraulical surveys...) as well as hygiene and safety coordinators.
In 1998, the activities diversify, resulting in a decrease in
the average amount of procurement contracts. It mobilises mostly technical survey offices. The tendency to use
survey offices rather than landscapers, with new procurement contracts on weatherproofing and restoration of
mining railways, is confirmed until 2003.
In 2002, only one contract is granted to a landscaping
company, while many demolition works are carried out
on urban sites.
Also in this year, the exceptional increase in the average
contract amount is caused by a single operation: the cleaning of pollution (HAP treatment-2nd phase) on the
Delta3 platform which makes up 3,651,231 Euros out of
a global contract amount of 6,399,480 Euros, that is
57.1%.
During this period of diversification, new providers
come up
The demand from the EPF allowed prime contractors
(landscapers and survey offices) to develop a specific
know-how: “redevelopment” differs from “development”,
which led to innovative strategies, one of the main difficulties being to sketch future development lines on a site
while leaving different options open.
20
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
assessment
Thus, during redevelopment works, new techniques were
created, adapted and put to use by the contracting companies. Today, this network of competences can be used
by the region’s local communities, which can mobilise it
to shape tomorrow’s landscapes. These skills can also be
exported to other regions.
setting up systems for the granting and management of
procurement contracts,
❚ organising preliminary studies necessary for the preprojects and identifying potential project owners according to the problems faced,
❚ taking into account the issue of surface hydraulics in
spatial treatment.
❚
The EPF still is a place of experimentations and reflections, and it develops and spreads its know-how, for
example by taking part in the creation of the Department
of Polluted Sites and Soils.
Role of the project owner
The EPF was created around a technical team which was
its backbone until the raising of the Special Development
Tax and the beginning of the EPF’s land activity.
This team has adapted to the increase in its activity and
acted as the project owner for redevelopment operations,
particularly by
❚ defining the local communities’ concerns and integrating them in the planning,
❚ planning, in relation with the State's and the Region’s
relevant authorities,
❚ mobilising funds,
Number of markets per type of service provided
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 TOTAL
Prime contractorship
agreements
Landscapers
Surveys offices
Landscapers and S. offices
Subtotal MOE
7
2
0
14
9
2
33
8
2
21
13
3
12
8
0
19
14
2
0
7
0
2
3
1
7
4
11
14
7
9
4
13
3
2
6
2
134
101
29
30
9
25
43
37
20
35
7
5
8
20
10
264
3
5
2
2
2
5
1
4
0
1
0
1
1
27
13
7
30
17
4
2
21
23
24
26
24
26
19
27
23
31
3
2
9
4
6
1
15
6
10
6
196
179
20
47
6
44
50
50
45
54
5
13
7
21
161
375
1
1
4
3
2
4
Other surveys
Works (not includind building)
Earthwork, demolition
Planting
Subtotal works
(not including building)
3
3
Cultivation procurements
Other works
1
Weatherproofing
10
14
Head frames
4
Pollution
1
Subtotal other works
Contracts not including
redevelopment works
TOTAL
24
6
1
4
35
85
17
71
95
93
21
67
117
22
3
17
37
1
19
1
3
1
1
1
4
18
3
59
1
2
1
4
15
23
18
47
49
743
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Impact of the industrial
brownfield redevelopment
policy on the regional territory
The important number of redevelopment operations
in the region led to the restoration of the region’s
landscape and, on a psychological level, of its image in
the eyes of its inhabitants and the towns’ main actors.
Industrial brownfields are, for a given area, a negative factor that “repels” both the inhabitants and the
companies liable to settle there.
The existence and the direct proximity of brownfields
harm the natural and human environment and
contribute to the depreciation of neighbourhoods,
towns and the region.
In urban areas, it also disorganises centres and prevents their development. In rural areas, it
considerably harms the quality of landscapes.
In this regard, the impact of the EPF’s redevelopment
operations on the restructuring of the region’s territories should be analysed on several levels:
❚
❚
In Nord-Pas de Calais, the vast majority of industrial
brownfields was concentrated inside towns. Half of
the surfaces were located on sites on the margins of
dense urban fabrics.
❚
❚
22
restructuring and reorganising large territories,
restructuring built-up territories,
upgrading the environment,
valorising the cultural heritage.
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
effects
RESTRUCTURING
❚ connecting these valleys by upgrading the old mining
railways that connect them. These railways make up an
important network with very interesting features (independent from other infrastructures, they have very low
grades which enable their use for example as pedestrian
or bicycle paths, or even as public transportation on
exclusive lanes). However, the sale of some stretches of
these railways or their blocking by recent infrastructures
(for example, the beltway between Douai and
Valenciennes) is threatening to reduce the interest of
such operations.
THE REGIONʼS
T E R R I TO R I E S
Within the restructuration and reorganisation of the
region's territory, the industrial brownfield redevelopment policy implemented by the EPF was essentially
directed at the Bassin Minier and to a lesser extent at the
Sambre valley. Elsewhere, the actions carried out were
often too selective to have a significant impact on a large
territorial scale.
The action carried out in the Bassin Minier
These two main aspects are visible on the scale of the
Bassin Minier. They are completed by the restructuration and organisation of the territory on the finer
scale of municipalities or neighbourhoods (restructuring mining housing units, connecting neighbourhoods
with centres, upgrading town entrances and the surroundings of large infrastructures…).
Several factors were decisive for the restructuring of the
bassin minier territory:
❚ the very high number of operations is due to the
amount of derelict sites: mining and steel industry
brownfields, or sites of former complementary industrial activities,
❚ the location of these sites along a line following the
exploitation of the subsoil, created a continuous chain of
industrial and urban sites on the surface that added to
an existing physical and human geography,
❚ the low number of land owners, most of them public or
para-public (Charbonnages de France and its subsidiaries, local communities…), enabled a global planning of
operations.
❚ finally, due to the strong political demand of the involved communities (Association des Communes Minières
and Société d’Aménagement des Communes Minières),
the State, the Region and the EU have granted continuous financial support, supporting the full cost of
“large brownfields” and later “environmental brownfields” through the funds allotted by the last two
Planning Contracts.
Today, the connection of the various territories of the
Bassin Minier, which was mainly caused by the redevelopment of large brownfields, is finally integrated in
the other environmental actions (green pattern, biological corridors) or in the restructuration of urban
fabrics (finalised brownfields, restructuration of mining
housing...).
The impact of brownfield redevelopment on the restructuring of large territories shows clearly on the checking
maps of operations in the successive assessments from
1991 up to now.
The main features of the restructuration of the bassin
minier territory are:
reinforcing the four large valleys that give the
“basin” its structure, in which or near which most large
mining sites can be found (pits, waste heaps, washeries,
coking plants…) as they depended on waterways for the
transport of ore. They are, from the west to the east, the
Escaut valley, the Scarpe valley, the Souchez valley and
finally the grouped Clarence and Lawe valleys.
❚
Outside urban centres, some brownfields (for example the
Ledoux pit in Condé-sur-Escaut) have a sufficient surface to be
visible on the scale of a town. In this way, they become a structuring element that can be seen by all inhabitants.
23
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Operations carried out in the Sambre valley
Together with the Bassin Minier, the Sambre valley was
the area that suffered the most from the destructuration
of its employment basin.
Many of the brownfields that appeared then have since
been subjected to an action integrated in the wider strategy for large-scale restructuring projects in the valley.
In December 2000, the creation of the town community
of Maubeuge-Val de Sambre gave a new momentum to
the redevelopment policy, which could rely on guidelines
provided by the town community on the basis of the
updated inventory of the Val de Sambre industrial
brownfields.
These works have been pursued in a program drafted on
demand of the State and the Region, together with the
Syndicat intercommunal and the town planning office of
the Bassin de la Sambre, with the EPF providing cartographic support.
This explains the large redevelopment operations on the
HK Porter site in the municipalities of Boussois and
Marpent and on the site of the Pont-sur-Sambre power
plant.
THE
INDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT IN THE
SAMBRE
VA L L E Y
Redevelopment area
Project area
0
500
Sources : BDcarto IGN© et Scann®25. Atelier de cartographie de l’Etablissement Public Foncier Nord-Pas de Calais. April 2005
24
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
1000 1500 Meters
effects
R E S T R U C T U R AT I O N
O F B U I LT - U P
TERRITORIES
Throughout the region, urban fabrics are widely different, depending on whether they existed before the XIXth
century industrial revolution. Specifically, the mining,
steel and textile industries have triggered the creation of
workers housing units which today constitute whole
urban fabrics.
In this regard, in the Bassin Minier, the distribution of
brownfields is very different in the towns of Douai and
Valenciennes (historical cities) and in the towns of
Hénin-Beaumont or Liévin (new cities created for the
mining industry).
In the first case, brownfields are often located outside
the urban centres and play a role in the restructuration
of the outer neighbourhoods.
In the second case, brownfields are in the centre of the
urban fabric (as for example surface plants at the heart
of the mining towns). Their redevelopment must be the
first step of large urban projects, offering unique chances for the structuration of tomorrow’s towns.
Actions carried out on other territories
The location of the off-market industrial brownfields
was a decisive factor in the distribution of the EPF’s
interventions. The statistical assessment shows that the
bassin minier and, to a lesser extent, the Sambre valley
have “naturally” been the main sites of the EPF’s intervention, which was more selective in other territories of
the region, particularly in territories which have taken in
charge the conversion of their sites within comprehensive projects supported by investors or local communities.
However, this situation has been evolving since the
beginning of the EPF's intervention as a temporary land
owner for communities that engage in global land recycling policies and urban renewal strategies.
The EPF’s operational intervention is diversifying throughout the regional territory, combining temporary land
ownership with the redevelopment of rundown areas or
pollution cleaning operations.
The EPF has also been called for support on projects of
regional importance like the setting up of the Delta3
multimodal platform or the preliminary land operations
on the Union site in Roubaix-Tourcoing in the Lille
township. This evolution shows that the funds raised for
redevelopment operations are diversifying, and that the
share of local communities increases as they are more
involved with project management after temporary
ownership operations.
Because of these differences, the impacts of redevelopment on the restructuration of neighbourhoods and the
daily life of the inhabitants have varied widely.
From this statement we can draw three main fields of
intervention that help us appraise the impact of brownfield redevelopment on built-up territories:
❚ restructuring towns,
❚ restructuring neighbourhoods,
❚ upgrading town entrances.
Restructuring towns
Industry has left a significant mark on space, whether it
has structured the town or its outskirts.
The disappearance of traditional industrial activities
has engendered a disturbance in the relationship between centres and their outskirts:
❚ on the urban level, industrial brownfields appeared
inside the city, a disturbance felt acutely by the citydwelling population of the region,
❚ on the peri-urban level, the appearance of large industrial areas left derelict after the closing of the mines was
felt as a disturbance by both the local population and the
transit population.
25
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
The industrial brownfield redevelopment policy implemented by the EPF had a significant impact on urban
restructuration, that varied according to the size and
location of the sites.
❚
Finally, since 1999, the EPF’s interventions have combined land action with redevelopment, which enabled it to
operate on more complex areas with higher stakes, in the
centre of towns like the Union site in the Lille township.
The surface of certain brownfields is sufficient to be
perceivable on the town scale. After redevelopment, the
preservation of this perceivable scale engenders a new
feeling of belonging for the town's inhabitants. In this
regard, the redevelopment of the large industrial sites
located along the four valleys of the Bassin Minier is
significant.
For example, in the Souchez valley, redeveloped brownfields include sites formerly used by Norsk Hydro, the
Nr 6 pit in Liévin, the former coke plant and the
Pinchonvalles waste heap or the power plants in Harnes
and Courrières.
Restructuring neighbourhoods
❚
Whether sites are large or medium-sized, their redevelopment in urban areas often has a spectacular effect for the
neighbourhood’s inhabitants, who used to endure the
negative effects of the brownfield, or at best ignored it.
For example, the Phildar factory in Roubaix, located in
the middle of the Hommelet neighbourhood, will become the Nouveau Monde park: the derelict industrial
space, lifeless and closed, with a “functional” image and
a rundown landscape gives way to a space “open” on the
town, of a nice and “aerating” size. Redevelopment,
although it only covers simple and limited interventions
(demolition, grass planting, tree planting) was enough
to change the image of the surrounding neighbourhood.
In the Bassin Minier, an important example for this is
the redevelopment of mining railways located within
towns. In Escaudain, the railway, which was a tear in the
urban fabric, has become a space that connects the centre with the outskirts.
Upgrading town entrances
Overall more than 50% of the redeveloped brownfields
are located in town entrances and visible from the main
infrastructures (highways, freeways, ring roads, railway
tracks or canals).
The sites can be isolated (former activity areas, pits…)
or linear (mining railways).
In some cases, redevelopment facilitates the reclaiming
of major areas, left derelict although they significantly
structure urban sites: for example, the banks of canals
and formerly industrial rivers, to which cities are now
returning as in Valenciennes where the banks of the
Escaut have retrieved their place, or on a smaller scale
the Moulin de Westhove site in Blendecques. The properties of redeveloped brownfields can then support
large town green lines, facilities or services: the national
technical school of development in Valenciennes, the
trade show site on the rivage Gayant in Douai.
❚
26
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
effects
PROTECTING
AND UPGRADING THE
ENVIRONNEMENT
This redevelopment is carried out with an important
concertation with local communities for the sites they
own, or for sites that the EPF temporarily owns: most of
these sites are waste heaps, scattered over 2,000 hectares
that the EPF purchased in November 2003 from
Charbonnages de France, on the joint demand of the
Region, Départements and the Association des
Communes Minières.
Over two hundred years of mining industry have greatly
upset the territories in Nord-Pas de Calais, leaving deep
marks in the landscape. Important redevelopment operations carried out by the EPF have significantly upgraded the region’s image, by erasing these “blots” on the
landscape.
Today, sites redeveloped by the EPF can easily be converted to natural areas, if that is the will of the local communities.
The effects of this evolution on territories can vary,
depending on whether the operation concerns a large
isolated site in a rural area or is integrated in an existing
space, and whether the actions are isolated or extensive.
In this regard, three kinds of interventions have considerable impact:
❚ linear interventions that include several sites and derelict infrastructures (for example mining railways), and
encourage the creation of a green pattern and biological
corridors,
❚ the creation of large wooded areas, either as new areas
or to supplement large preserved areas,
❚ the upgrading of the landscape near large infrastructures.
Linear interventions
In the Bassin Minier, the mining companies and later the
HBNPC encouraged the connection between facilities,
either by regrouping them or by connecting them
(mining railways and canals). Today, these lines of sites
and HBNPC infrastructures make up an important network that can be used as a base for tree-planting politics
and the setting up of environmental corridors.
Environmental reclaiming
The implementation agreement for the CPER lists the
projects of regional importance as they are stated in
article 57.1. Among these are the restoration of natural
areas in order to build a real regional green pattern,
which implies “the treatment of 3.000 hectares of rundown areas, the restoration of landscape continuity, the
preservation of sites of environmental importance and
providing the public with new spaces for nature, entertainment and leisure”. Article 57.7 also provides for the
reinforcement of the green pattern and the regional
wood coverage.
Today, the 2000-2006 Planning contract’s partners have
made a commitment to environmental reclaiming. The
EPF’s role in this commitment is to pursue the redevelopment and planting of brownfields, consistently with
the setting up of the regional green pattern, an objective
which is stated in the CPER and carried out for the most
part in the Bassin Minier.
Three kinds of operations can be carried out through
article 57.1:
❚ upgrading memory sites: the 11/19 site in Loos en
Gohelle, the 9-9 bis site in Oignies, the Wallers site,
❚ the Dourges multimodal platform,
❚ the setting up or strengthening of large units on the
green pattern of the Bassin Minier.
The redevelopment of these spaces by the EPF, even
though it has been criticized on the choice of plants, is a
good basis for turning these sites into natural areas.
27
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
within the frame of the upgrading of the Sambre
valley, the SNCF properties located behind the Jeumont
station.
❚
Among the important guidelines of the green pattern
scheme is the necessity to connect natural redeveloped sites in order to set up environmental corridors,
which are necessary to the preservation or growth of
biodiversity.
However, on other territories endowed with more natural and wooded areas, like the coastline, the EPF had no
reason to intervene for brownfield re-planting.
Examples of linear sites are:
❚ the continuous areas around the Douai-Somain mining
railway (Germinies and Rieulay waste heaps),
❚ the brownfields of the Escaut banks between
Valenciennes and Condé,
❚ the Carraut valley in the municipalities of Auchel,
Marles-les-Mines and Lapugnoy.
Today, the “green pattern” policy tends to reduce treeplanting in favour of the balance of the biotopes that
naturally appear on brownfields.
Upgrading the landscape near large infrastructures
In addition to the actions upgrading the landscape in
town entrances, the EPF has contributed to upgrading
the region’s image by intervening on several large
brownfields located near important infrastructures like
highways and railways.
Examples of these sites are:
❚ he Soufflantes site on the Douai-Valenciennes freeway,
❚ the Blignières waste heap site at the crossing of highways A2 and A23,
❚ pits number 6/14 and 7/19, and waste heap 94 in
Noyelles-sous-Lens on the A21,
❚ pits 9, 9 bis and 10 in Oignies and Dourges on
highway A1.
The limits of environmental treatment
The treatment of industrial brownfields is not a goal as
such, it is only an important step in the conversion of
sites that must at least partially host new urban or
economic functions in the long term.
A generalised and definitive planting on these sites is
not an option, for several reasons:
❚ maintaining redeveloped green areas is not sustainable
on a large scale, because of the maintaining costs but
also because of the ultimate purposes of these sites.
❚ some industrial brownfields have objective assets that
give them a significant potential (surface, existing buildings, location in the centres).
❚ public authorities and municipalities have started designing new development on several strategic sites, which
are now being implemented.
Creating large wooded areas
This other category includes brownfields located in preserved areas like natural environment parks (Parc
Naturel Régional de la Scarpe et de l'Escaut...) and natural valley bottoms (Val de Sambre...).
Examples of these sites are :
❚ around the Parc Naturel Régional de la Scarpe et de
l’Escaut, the major site of the Ledoux pit (ChabaudLatour) in Condé sur Escaut, which covers 250 hectares
and for which the EPF was granted the Silver tree from
the Union Nationale des Entrepreneurs du Paysage in
1996,
❚ the Rousseau washery site (300 hectares), turned into a
wooded area and integrated in the Saint-Amand state
forest, and for which the National Forest Office acted as
prime contractor,
28
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
effects
PROTECTING
AND UPGRADING THE
CULTURAL HERITAGE
As large industrial sites were redeveloped and outside
areas were upgraded, the issue of the preservation of
built-up heritage soon came up. This issue was felt acutely, as there were less and less full-scaled sites to bear
witness to the former industrial activities, because of the
restructuration of companies by the industrial holdings
that owned them, and the tearing down of mining facilities carried out by CDF in the Bassin Minier.
Redevelopment action being different from development operations, interesting buildings were not to be
restored. However, they have at least been preserved,
without reducing the possibilities for their re-use, by
weatherproofing operations aimed at securing engineering works and buildings.
the last 24 remaining heap frames in the Bassin
Minier, with or without existing pits, which were built in
the XIXth and XXth centuries. Built in masonry, metal or
concrete, they bear witness to the specific techniques of
the mining industry. Thus, half of them are registered as
Monuments Historiques. Their securing was provided
by the EPF.
❚
Surveys have led to the choice of several important sites
with regard to the region’s industrial heritage:
❚ three large and relatively preserved pits of the
Bassin Minier: the 11/19 in Loos en Gohelle, the
Arenberg site in Wallers and the 9/9 bis pit en Oignies.
These sites have retained a scale that is perceivable
enough and today, they give an idea of the size of the coal
mining facilities, which were once the answer to the
national issue of energetic independence. These three
sites have been chosen as “large memory sites”.
other sites are part of memory sites. Two of them have
been redeveloped as of today, and their built-up parts will
be weatherproofed: the Soufflantes site in Escaudain, one
of the last marks of steel industry in the bassin minier, and
the Jeumont station, witness to one of the highest customs
activity in France in the last century.
❚
The Bassin Minier UNESCO 2005 action (BMU 2005)
aiming at registering the Bassin Minier as UNESCO world
heritage, is another example of this policy.
29
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Integrating redeveloped
brownfields in development
projects
Integrating brownfields in development projects is a common strategy today, but
it faces a number of difficulties that require a long-term response. After 14 years
of interventions, the issues faced today are the following.
30
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
conclusion
There are four dimensions to this issue:
❚ a symbolic dimension
Even though elected officials in mining cities are glad to
see redevelopment works improve their environment,
they sometimes have difficulties integrating these sites
in their town planning schemes, as these decisions formerly belonged to industrial companies.
AN
A P P R O P R I AT E U S E F O R
B R O W N F I E L D S T H AT A R E “ B A C K O N
THE MARKET”
Since the beginning of the redevelopment policy, reintegrating properties on the land market has been one of
the main goals, together with changing the region's
image.
In highly urbanised areas where available spaces are
scarce, the existence of redeveloped industrial brownfields is a major asset for future planning.
Depending on their size and location, some of these
brownfields can host housing units, shopping malls, cultural facilities, modern industrial areas, public spaces or
sport facilities. Other will have an environmental use, in
connection with other natural or redeveloped sites.
Finally, older brownfields can provide the foundation for
large projects on the township level. These should be
saved for optimal use, and not be squandered by lack of
a global project.
Ambitious and cost-effective development policies must
be implemented on the mining cities’ territories in order
to optimise the upgrading of industrial brownfields and
ensure that high investments in redevelopment are used
appropriately.
a financial dimension
Local communities have enjoyed the benefits of redevelopment works, carried out by the EPF thanks to regional, national and European solidarity. Whatever use is
assigned to redeveloped sites, their management and
maintenance must be provided by local communities. To
this aim, they should mobilise financial means together
with their partners in chosen projects.
❚
a technical dimension
Should these areas be put in a state of waiting, and be
regularly and intensely maintained, as traditional public
gardens, or should new, semi-natural areas be designed
and managed in a softer, more extensive and ecological
way? These areas could be managed by local communities, together with relevant actors of the civil society
(Eden 62, Centre régional de phytosociologie de Bailleul,
Conservatoire des sites naturels, Espaces Naturels
Régionaux, Chaîne des Terrils...).
❚
MANAGING REDEVELOPED
BROWNFIELDS
a legal dimension
While land ownership is being progressively transferred
to local communities, whether through direct alienation
by CDF or temporary land ownership by the EPF, the
new uses for these sites can now contradict existing land
law.
Up to now, these sites were “naturally” registered in area
development maps as industrial zones, or as mixed
urban areas when future changes were anticipated, or
sometimes as protected natural area when local communities considered registering sites (mainly waste
heaps) as Sensitive Natural Areas.
Today, the framework of the new town planning schemes
(PLU, Plan Local d’Urbanisme) calls for a «tidying up»
that ensures conformity of the law with the land uses
that local communities wish to develop.
❚
In the course of these 14 years, industrial brownfield
redevelopment by the EPF was at first an investment
action which set priority on the immediate transformation of sites and landscapes. The issues of land ownership and the future site management were perceived as
secondary, but they were nonetheless met with: agreements were signed between the EPF and the local communities that owned the sites or would benefit from
them, to provide for the pursuing of the works by the
communities themselves. The same applies to mining
brownfields, owned by CDF and which could only be
alienated at the end of mining concessions.
These agreements made the properties available for
works, and planned the future management of sites by
local communities. They held terms to guarantee the
replacement of plants for 2 years, as did the procurement
contracts granted by the EPF to landscaping companies.
However, after these periods of investment, local communities are still faced with the issue of the management of land and assets on these sites.
These works are all in progress; like the preservation
policies for memory sites and industrial heritage, they
belong in the specifications of the Bassin Minier's
conversion and Post-Mine strategy.
31
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
K EEPING
RISKS
TRACK
OF
THE
SCARS
AND
Impact of the end of industrial water-pumping
Even when they have been secured and re-used, redeveloped industrial brownfields are still marked by their
past. Although dangers have been acknowledged and
appropriate measures have been taken, it is important to
keep track of the sites' past.
Beyond their immediate re-use, sites are still liable to
evolve, in a few decades or in a century. Thus, keeping
track of the sites' scars is a safety issue.
For decades, many industrial pumping facilities were
operated in Nord-Pas de Calais, which led to an artificial
decrease of the ground water table. The surface hydraulic network that existed before industrial activity has
been neither maintained nor preserved. The decline of
industrial activity led to an increase of the water table,
causing the flooding of basements in urban areas, and
calling for the creation of a draining system where it was
still possible, or the setting-up of drawdown pumps.
To implement the precautionary principle, three effects
of the sites' industrial past must be taken into account:
Impact of the end of mining concessions
The mining industry leaves various important scars:
Impact of industrial activity on the quality of soils:
the issue of polluted sites and soils
mine subsidences, which are over by now, have disturbed the flow of surface water in an area with low relief.
They have engendered basins which block gravity flowing and require the setting-up of permanent lift
stations. Basins which are not managed by local communities will be managed by the BRGM from 2008
onwards, within the “Post-Mine” action plan set up by
the government.
❚ Mining activities have released firedamp, which must
be taken into account as long as the “underground
works” have not been flooded by the rise of underground waters. In order to manage this risk, the operator
has set up prevention and surveillance means. On a large
part of the Bassin Minier, Gazonor has set up pumps to
recover this gas and depressurise the underground
works.
❚ Safety perimeters, with a radius of 15 to 30 m, have
been created around the former pit, to allow for safety
and potential interventions.
❚ Waste heaps created by the mining industry and not
currently exploited are secured for reasons of stability.
Some are in a state of combustion and have been fenced
when mining concessions came to an end. They are kept
under geothermal monitoring.
Sites with a directly or indirectly polluted soil are managed according to the Environment code, particularly the
provisions on the Installations Classées pour la
Protection de l’Environnement, which have been significantly amended over the period of the EPF's intervention.
Many instructions were issued during the 1990s (3
December 1993, 3 April 1996 and 10 December 1999)
that make up a consistent body of regulations. This set of
rules defines the technical features of site rehabilitation
and the acceptable risk level regarding future use. On
this basis, various methodological guides have been
issued that gave models for ESR (Evaluation simplifée
des risques) and EDR (Evaluation détaillée des risques)
actions.
Cleaning up soil pollution remains a very sensitive issue,
based on the polluter-pays principle, and for which
treatment methods are still limited, particularly regarding heavy metals.
The choice of the properties’ uses should be optimised
according to their capacities and scars, if possible in a
concertation between the industrial operator, the communities involved and the State administration, in
accordance with the spirit of the law of 30th July 2003.
❚
32
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
conclusion
Polluted soils do not only constitute a sanitary hazard,
they must also be managed in accordance with waste
law. This can engender significant cost premiums for
projects that have not initially dealt with the issue of soil
quality.
This issue has become unavoidable in development
projects, and it must be taken into account whenever the
use of a building is modified.
T O WA R D S
A PRUDENT MANAGEMENT OF REDEVELOPED SITES
After 14 years of interventions, the EPF expresses the wish that these sites no longer be seen as the scars of the
past, but as a land resource and an asset to be managed with intelligence, sensitivity and prudence for the generations to come. Few regions have this amount of surface available for their territories' development, and few
people can boast on having created such an industrial heritage.
33
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Partners of the EPF in the
redevelopment of
industrie brownfields
Landscapers
Prime contractors
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
Aline Le Cœur
Alfa
Binon
Bocage
Complementerre
Debroux-Delvaut
Depret
Deleval
Delvaut
Empreinte
Greet Ingenierie
Horizon
Ingénieur et Paysages
Larue
Montauffier
Noyon
Odile Guerrier
Osmose
Paysages
Phytec
Tasiaux
Tesson
Van Hovell
Survey offices
❚ Acogec
❚ ACT
❚ ADI Environnement
❚ B&R
❚ Berim
❚ Burgeap
❚ CdF Ingénierie
❚ CEPMO
❚ CER
❚ Decobec Ingénierie
❚ Diagnotech
❚ DI Ingénierie
❚ ETNAP
❚ ETRS
❚ GL2I
❚ Ingerop
❚ Kvaerner
❚ Maning
❚ Mica
❚ Misson Morel
❚ Profil Ingénierie
❚ OTH
❚ Sechaud Bossuyt
❚ Semotec
❚ SEEN
❚ Sepia
❚ Serete
❚ Sintive
❚ Sodeg
❚ Sofresid
❚ Soginord
Others:
❚
❚
❚
M.Brunelle V. (Architecte en Chef des Monuments Historiques)
M.Dubois L. (Architecte en Chef des Monuments Historiques)
ONF
Operation management:
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
DDE 59
DDE 62
SEM Artois Développement
Scetauroute
Véritas
Other survey offices (not including prime contractors):
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
34
Photogrammétrie, Topographie : Berlem, Le Jail, Septa
Géotechnique : BRGM
Pollution : Burgeap, Trias, Geoclean
Paysage : Ingénierie et Paysages
Urbanisme : Montauffier, Territoires Sites et Cités
Economie : SPIRE
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
partners
Earthwork
Companies
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
Apinor
Beugnet
Colas
Gagneraud
Godefrood
Guintoli
Hydram
J.Lefebvre
Lorban
Montaron SNC
Norpac
Patoux
Remschinor
STED
STPV
TCL
Touret
Viafrance
Vitse
Demolition
Green areas
Apinor
Beugnet
❚ Cardem
❚ D.Fer
❚ Dommery
❚ Dorchies
❚ Ferreira
❚ Gagneraud
❚ GTD
❚ EGD
❚ J.Lefebvre
❚ Midavaine DGCN
❚ Montaron SNC
❚ Norpac
❚ Patoux
❚ Touret
❚ Vitse
❚ Pépinières de Beaufort
Avenir Jardins
Axiome
❚ Bonnet
❚ Cambon
❚ CGEV Masquelier
❚ Euro Environnement
❚ E.V Allender
❚ Forêts et Paysages
❚ France Environnement
❚ Inovert
❚ Interplant
❚ Jardins 2000
❚ Moser
❚ Musy
❚ Naudet
❚ Norgreen
❚ Paysages de France
❚ PJNN
❚ SAEE
❚ SAEV
❚ SN Brosset
❚ Soreve
❚ Vidali
❚
❚
❚
Fences
❚ SANIEZ
❚
Pollution cleaning:
❚
❚
APINOR
GRS Valtech
Companies that took part in the rehabilitation of engineering works (A21):
TSV
❚ Wattez
❚
Companies that took part in the rehabilitation of heap frames:
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
Cazeaux
DCTM
Hussor Erecta
Lassarat
MCCM
MTS
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
Payeux
Preciozo
Quillery
Roth
Sepic
TDI
35
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Companies that took part in weatherproofing operations:
Asselin
ABNPI
❚ Battais Charpente
❚ BCA
❚ Cabre
❚ Cazeaux
❚ Couvreurs Dunkerquois
❚ DCTM
❚ Decobois
❚ Degouy
❚ Dekerpel
❚ EBTM
❚ Electricité
❚ Etandex
❚ Garçon
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
❚
Hussor Erecta
Lassarat
MCCM
MRB Caloresco
Payeux
Pouget
RCFC
Roth
Société Amandinoise de Couverture
SMI
SRMH
SN Sambre Construction
Service SOREC
TDI
TPGC
36
Other companies (list is not comprehensive):
AINF
Airele
❚ Anbre
❚ Antalvert
❚ Apave
❚ ARC
❚ Balliau
❚ Berhuy
❚ SCP Blaringhem & Gaillet
❚ Bois et Loisirs
❚ Bon Michel
❚ Bossu Cuvelier
❚ Bourgoin
❚ Brevière
❚ BRGM
❚ Broutin
❚ Recy BTP
❚ Callens et Carbon
❚ Caron Briffaut-Lecolié
❚ Carreau Vert
❚ Cathelain
❚ CEBTP
❚ Conservatoire des Sites Naturels
❚ Cosytech
❚ Coteba
❚ DG Construction
❚ De Barba
❚ Devin G.
❚ Dhaze
❚ Diagtim
❚ Diexo
❚ Dubourghier
❚ Engazonnement Industriel
❚ Entrepose
❚ France Artois Paysages
❚ Fauquemberghe
❚ Francial
❚ Gester
❚ Grauvrin
❚ Herfau Entreprise
I2G
INRA
❚ ISA
❚ Lehembre
❚ Lemaire et associés
❚ Littoral TP
❚ LMEN
❚ Megret
❚ NAI
❚ NASL Location
❚ NI2C
❚ Norisko
❚ Ophrys
❚ Perilhon élagage
❚ Phot’R
❚ Pontignac
❚ Prosacoor
❚ RCFC Routes
❚ Renard
❚ Revilis
❚ Rodrigues
❚ Sandt
❚ Schoonberg
❚ Screg
❚ Securitas
❚ SEEN
❚ SMJ
❚ SND
❚ Sobanor
❚ Socor
❚ Socotec
❚ Soretra
❚ Sotraix
❚ Sotrenor
❚ STDN
❚ TP+
❚ Tauw Environnement
❚ Ulma Service
❚ Veritas
❚ Vullo
❚ Vu d’en haut
❚ Zwertvaeghe
❚
❚
❚
❚
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
The EPF team
The EPF team
Within the EPF, the following persons have taken part in the redevelopment of industrial brownfields, under the responsibility of Jean-Louis BASTIEN:
Nathalie BOUSSEMART
Caroline CARBON
Christine DEBERGHES
Bernard DVORECKI
Marie-Christine FAGLIN
Serge FANJUL
David FOQUE
Peggy GILLEMAN
Didier HUOT-MARCHAND
Isabelle LEPAGE
Patricia NOTRE-DAME
Valérie PAVLOVIC
Catherine VANSTEENKESTE
Marie-France VILLETTE
37
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Glossary
ACOM
Association des Communes Minières Association of mining municipalities
B.R.G.M.
Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières Mining and Geology Research Office
C.P.E.R.
Contrat de Plan Etat-Région State-Region Planning Contract
Cavalier
voie ferrée en déblai cut railway
CDF
Charbonnages de France (state-owned mining company)
Chevalement
tour d'extraction du charbon coal extraction tower
EDR
Evaluation détaillée des risques Detailed Risk Evaluation
ESR
Evaluation simplifiée des risques Basic Risk Evaluation
FEDER
Fonds Européen de Développement Régional European Regional Development Fund
HBNPC
Houillères du bassin Nord - Pas de Calais (state-owned mining company)
ICPE
Installation Classée pour la Protection de l'Environnement Facility Registered for Environmental Protection
ONF
Office National des Forêts National Forest Office
P.L.U.
Plan Local d'Urbanisme Local Town-Planning map
P.O.S.
Plan d'Occupation des Sols Comprehensive Development Area Map
SACOMI
Société d'Aménagement des Communes Minières Association for the Development of Mining Cities
SCOT
Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale Territorial Consistency Scheme
EPCI
Etablissement Public de Coopération Intercommunale Intermunicipal Cooperation Institution
38
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
operations
Map of the redevelopment
operations carried out by the
EPF from 1991 à 2004
The map is available in the following booklet
39
E P F a s s e s s m e n t 1991 ● 2004
Etablissement Public Foncier
17, rue Edouard Delesalle 59040 Lille cedex ■ Tél : 03 28 36 15 50 ■ Fax : 03 28 36 15 51 ■ www.epf-npdc.fr
Ordered by
Etablissement Public
Foncier Nord-Pas de Calais
and made by the
C a bi n e t MON TAU F F I E R
PA R I S
in cooperation with
the EPF
Graphic design
Marie RIO 06 21 81 94 58
Tr a n s l a t i o n
Cyrille Flamant
Photographic crédit
EPF - Max Lerouge
Association Régionale pour l’Habitat du Nord-Pas de Calais
NAI - Phot’R - Agence Alain Depret Paysagistes
Printing
ICD Printing