How are they taken care of?

Welcome!!
Presented by:
Shiva Mani Risal
How Nepal looks??
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National Flag of Nepal
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.....
1. Multi‐party democracy l
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(26‐28 political parties)
2. Conflicting (armed) party is major lead‐
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ing party now!!
3. Used to be king, but now there is president
4. Undergoing constitution build‐
ing phase
5. Possibilities for development
because of strategically sound position (between India and China)
General Information
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Area: 147,181 square km
Population: 26,620,809 (2011)
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Population growth rate: 1,4 %
65 and above: 4.4 %
15‐64 years: 61.1 %
Less than 15 years: 34.6%
Size of the household: 4.7 (2011)
Infant mortality rate: 44.54 deaths per 1000 live births
Life expectency: 67.44 (F) and 64.94 (M)
Literacy rate: 58% (2008)
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Population below poverty line: 24.7% (2008)
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24 7% (2008)
Religion: before 2005 it was Hindu state now it is secular state
Economy
 Agriculture
 Per capita income: $ 440 (2009)
 Industrial Activity:  agriculture products processing eg pulse, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, grain coffee tea
grain, coffee, tea
 Export:
 Clothing, pulse, carpets, textiles, juice, pashmina, jute goods, coffee, g p
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tea,
 Import:
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 Petroleum products, machinery equipment, gold, electrical goods, medicine
• Possibility:
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Hydropower and tourism
Electricity capacity: 292,000 KW (1995)
Tourism
Mount Everest
Limbini (birth place of GAUTAM BUDDHA)
Possibilities:
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Hiking / trekking
Bungy Jump
Para‐gliding
Land of diversity (Culture, language, religion, ethinicity, (
bio‐diversity, geo‐diversity)
Jungle safari
Elephant riding
National Park visits (tiger one‐horn rhino etc)
National Park visits (tiger, one
horn rhino etc)
Mouuntain flights (aeroplane)
Land of natural beautyy
Home stay facilities
And more than all these HOSPITABLE PEOPLE (GUESTS ARE GOD IN NEPALI CULTURE)
Labour
 Labor force: 18 million (2009)
 By occupation:  75% in Agriculture
 7% in Industry
 18% in Services
 Unemployment: 46% (2008)
 Pension, Housing and welfare fund applicable in 
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government offices only
Sick leave: for workers working more than a year, not more than 15 days a year
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Maternity leave: for maximum of 2 times, for 52 days
Leave is not a right, rather it is facility
Right to form trade unions for change and addressing worker’s issues
In Informal sectors:
‐Eg transportation, construction, independent small hotels etc
‐ No concrete social security scheme
Old age security
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 Health
 Establishment of Fund in each district for treatment
 Treatment amount around 20 Euro for poverty affected old aged at a time
 Free Kidney and heart treatment to 75 and above people
 Establishment of 5 old age centers throughout country
 Social security services
 Allowance of €5 per month to 70 and above
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 €5 per month for widow of 60 and above
 Old age home
 Ministry of women, children and social welfare operates old Mi i
f hild d i l lf ld age home for 230 people since 1976
 Around 70 organizations registered as private and public institutions for providing services
How are they taken care of?
How are they taken care of?
 Son or daughter take care of parents as the property of parents is legally transferred to those who take care of l ll
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parents. Legally children can claim the parental property, therefore it is a moral obligation for son or daughter to take g
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care of parents!!
 FAMILY SYSTEM
 Collective family system
 Generations living together in a same family
ALTERNATIVE TO WEAK STATE IN CHILD CARE; PROTECTION; DEVELOPMENT and OLD AGE CARE
PROTECTION; DEVELOPMENT and OLD AGE CARE*
*I *In case if family is economically sound
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Family
 Father as breadwinner earlier but it is changing in the 
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urban areas
Children taken care of by parents S li i h h il h Son can live with them until they want
Daughter can stay until they dont get married
Every thing food, clothes, living, education and so on is the responsibility of the parents
Children
 Below 16 years of age
 For country of UNCRC 1989
 All kinds of violence and risk to children are actions under legal punishment
 No marriage below the age of 18 years
 Each court should have a juvenile bench. The bench j
needs to have a social worker, psychologist and a judge set in very informal setting.
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 Sexual activity below age of 16 considered as rape
Rights of the children
Rights of the children
We have all rights for children....
 4 pillars of UNCRC..Participation, Protection, Dvelopment
ill f UNCRC P ti i ti P t ti D l
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and Survival
 For member of UNCRC
F b f UNCRC
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But only problem is in its implication
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Major problems......
Child trafficking in names of adoption; girls trafficking; lack of access to good health and education; poverty; street children; t d h lth d d
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addiction among the childrens etc
Women
 Population of 51.44%
 Discriminatory law in relation to citizenship, property ownership
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and inheritance removed legally from 1990
For country of CEDAW, since 1911
Equal inheritance rights for unmarried daughters and sons, but need to return the property after marriage
Children can have the citizenship from the name of mother since 2006
Criminalization of domestic and sexual violence
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a at o o do est c a d se ua v o e ce
Criminalization of marital rape (2002)
Legalization of abortion under certain circumstances (2008)
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Reduction in maternal mortality rate
Legal provision for participation of women through quota system
of 33%
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Constituent Assembly has 33% representation of women
3rd Gender
3rd Gender
 Citizenship in the name of 3rd gender
 Court ruling for issue of citizenship
 Legal recognition of LGBT
 NGOs working for advocacy, awareness and human rights of 3rd gender people
 Representation in Parliament and Constituent Assembly for making constitution
KIITOS PALJON!!