Catch Me If You Can - Texas Association of Counties

CATCH ME IF YOU CAN
DRUGS IN THE WORKPLACE
What is a Drug?
A Drug is any substance that produces a
physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral
change in the user.
• Marijuana
• Cocaine
• Opiates
• Amphetamines
• PCP
• Alcohol
What Drugs Do To The Brain
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•
•
•
•
Hijacks the Limbic System
(which controls our emotional
responses)
Causes a large amount of
“dopamine” to flood system
“Dopamine” creates feeling of
pleasure telling brain “hey this is
something important remember
this”
This is what causes the “high or
euphoria” associated with drug
abuse
Each drug of abuse has its own
individual way of changing how
the brain functions
2013 National Survey on Drug Use and
Health
• The specific illicit drugs with the largest numbers of persons with
past year dependence or abuse in 2013 were marijuana
(4.2 million), pain relievers (1.9 million), and cocaine (855,000).
• An estimated 2.8 million people between the ages of 12-50 tried
illicit drugs for the first time in 2013. 1) marijuana, 2) pain relievers,
3) tranquilizers, 4) stimulants, 5) sedatives, 6) inhalants, and 7)
hallucinogens
• Amongst adults ages 50-64, illicit drug use increased from 2.7 to 6.0
percent from 2002-2013.
• Drug related suicide attempts to the Emergency room increased
during 2013 for ages 18-29 and ages 45-64.
Source: SAMHSA 2013 National Survey Results on Drug Use and Health
Marijuana
Most frequently used illegal
substance
•Comes from hemp plantcannabis sativa
•Shredded leaf mixture
greenish brown in color
•Hydroponic marijuana
“grown in water” process
that can be set up indoors
with an artificial source of
sun called “grow lights.”
•Smoke of marijuana has a
pungent, distinctive odor of
sweet alfalfa and incense.
A.K.A.: Weed, Pot, Grass,
Joint, Dope, Reefer, Skunk,
Mary Jane, Hemp
Marijuana Paraphernalia
Trends of Drug Ingestion
• “Bombing” is wrapping powder in cigarette paper and
swallowing it.
• “Keying” is dipping a key into powder and inhaling it.
• Parachuting is a technique of drug delivery where
medications or illicit drugs are ingested by wrapping the
drug of choice in a covering “parachute”, which then will
dissolve or unravel in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby
releasing the drug for absorption
Marijuana
Effects, Signs, & Symptoms
• Dizziness and trouble
walking
• Red bloodshot eyes (often
masked by eye drops)
• Slow reflexes, impairs
reaction time
• Lackadaisical “I don’t care”
attitude
• Become highly paranoid or
have feelings of anxiety or
dizziness
• Irritating cough, chronic sore
throat
• Heart rate average 70 to
80 beats per minute…on
marijuana it beats 20-50
beats faster
• Lethargy or tendency to
“nod off” or fall asleep
• Impairs fine and gross
motor skills
• Very hungry and thirsty
• Strong odor of sweet/sour
smell or burnt rope that
clings to hair and clothing
Workplace Issues with THC
• THC is stored in body fat and slowly releases over time
causing long term effect on performance.
• Smoking “one” joint can impair driving ability for at least
4-6 hours.
THC-Brain Damage
•THC attaches to sites
called cannabinoid
receptors on nerve cells in
the brain, affecting the way
those cells work.
Cannabinoid receptors are
abundant in parts of the
brain that regulate
movement, coordination,
learning and memory,
higher cognitive functions
such as judgment, and
pleasure.
• THC alters the way in
which information is
processed by the
hippocampus, a brain area
responsible for memory
formation
Medical Marijuana
• Medical Cannabis or Medical Marijuana- Refers to the use of
cannabis and its compounds as medical therapy to treat
disease or alleviate symptoms
• Reduces nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy and people
with AIDS, and used to treat pain and muscle spasticity
• Administered by vaporizing or smoking dried buds, eating
extracts, or taking capsules
• In the U.S. the FDA has approved two oral cannabinoids:
Dronabinol (Marinol) and Nabilone (Cesamet)
• Twenty states in the U.S. and the District of Columbia have
legalized its use
Source: Wikipedia
State of Colorado
HISTORY
• Nov. 7, 2000 Amendment 20 passed allowing
medicinal use of marijuana (cannabis)
• November 6, 2012 passed Amendment 64 now
enacted as Article 18, section 16 of the state
constitution allowing recreational marijuana use.
• January 1, 2014-retail dispensaries sell 50-60
pounds of marijuana for $65 (1/8th of an ounce)
with a 25% tax. (Huffington Post)
New Hampshire Declares Emergency Over
Synthetic Drug 'Smacked'
Gov. Maggie Hassan declared a state of emergency on
August 14 in response to 44 reported overdoses linked to
people smoking or ingesting "Smacked," a synthetic
marijuana-like product sold in convenience stores as
potpourri.
Police say they’ve found Smacked in three convenience
stores and that those stores' business licenses were
revoked. Health officials are particularly concerned about
the bubblegum flavor of Smacked, which several people
who were brought to area hospitals reported taking.
Materials that have surfaced since
legalization of THC
MARIJUANA “POT BUTTER”
MEDICAL” SODA POT”
More Marijuana Items
HUBBY’S EDIBLE MEDICAL
MARIJUNA BAR
CANNABIS ICE CREAM
1.
SYNTHETIC DRUGS
Synthetic drugs are synthesized chemically in the
laboratory to produce drugs not found in nature
No quality control. Two batches made by same
person have different dosage amounts
Three Classes of Synthetic Drugs
That Exist Today
• Synthetic Cannabinoids
THC analogs: (JWH-018)
• Synthetic Stimulants & Club Drugs
Cathinones (4MMC, MDMC, MDPV (Bath Salts)
• Synthetic Hallucinogens
Tryptamine & Phenylethylamine Analogs
American Association of Poison Control
Centers/Synthetic Marijuana Calls
• 2010: Received 2,906 calls
• 2011: Received 6,968 calls
• 2012: Received 5,230 calls
• 2013: Received 2,639 calls
• 2014: Received 3,769 calls
• 2015: Received 354 calls (Jan.31st)
Source: American Association Poison Control Center
Emergency Dept (ED) Visits Involving Synthetic
Cannabinoids among Patients Aged 12 to 29 in 2010
Age Group
Estimated Number of
ED Visits
Rate per 100,000
Population
Total, Aged 12 to 29
8,557
11.1
Aged 12 to 17
3,780
14.9
Aged 18 to 20
1,881
13.9
Aged 21 to 24
2,022
11.8
Aged 25 to 29
873
4.1
Source: 2010 SAMHSA Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)
Synthetic Marijuana
History of Synthetic Marijuana
 In 1982, Cancer Patch for pain
47, 497 (CP-47,497) was
invented by Pfizer
Pharmaceutical Co. (3-28 times
greater potency than delta-9THC)
 In 1986, John W. Huffman,
Ph.D., from Clemson Univ
received funding from the
National Institute on Drug
Abuse (NIDA) to explore the
geometry of cannabinoid brain
(CB1) and peripheral (CB2)
receptors
 In 1995, the first of JWH-018
was manufactured by
Huffman’s students
 Developed 450 synthetic
compounds during research
 Few years later JWH-018
resurfaced along with other
compounds as a smoking
mixture intended as a substitute
for real marijuana, that allowed
a user to pass a drug test,
avoid arrest, and get high
 “I had no idea that anyone
would be stupid enough to use
it.” anybody who uses it is
playing Russian roulette,"
Huffman said to the Los
Angeles Times in 2011
About Inventors, Medicine, 11/04/11, Keith Verones
JWH-018
What is Synthetic Marijuana?
 Mixture of herbs, spices, or
vegetable fibers sprayed
with one or a mixture of
synthetic cannabinoids
 Synthetic active ingredient
varies from foil package to
package
 Blends are not regulated and
are homemade in small
garages and manufacturing
plants with little or no quality
control
 Lab-created so they are
constantly changing analogs
and compounds so it's like
an unknown and then it's not
technically illegal
 Doesn’t contain cannabis
components (Marijuana)
Artificial Chemicals
• JWH-18: Originally developed for fertilizers
• JWH-018: Is an analgesic, painkiller
• UR-144 & XLR-11: are cyclopopylindoles
which are used in cancer treatments
• JWH-073 & CP47,497-fertilizer agents
found in some organic soil
Brand Names
Commonly Known as K2, Spice, Serenity, Genie,
Twisted XXX, Diablo, “Fake Pot”, Hawaiian Haze, Chill
Spice, Ground Zero, C4 Bomb, Skunk, Sense, Magic,
K4, Mr. Nice Guy Incense, Killer, Banzaii, Blaze, Red X
Dawn, Rhino, Turnt Up, and Eagle Puff
Flavored in Strawberry, Mango, Coconut, Raspberry, or
Vanilla
Where Can You Buy It?
• Smoke or tobacco shops
• “Head” or “Ra” shops
• Convenience stores..some shops will only sell to people
over age 18, but others have no age restrictions
• Gas stations
• Internet
Stores are Repackaging Synthetics
Aug. 14, 2014- Store owner in Minnesota sentenced to 17 ½ years in prison.
70 cases of Synthetic Marijuana,
Beaumont TX
Baptist Hospital in Beaumont Texas has
reported 70 cases of synthetic marijuana
with the brand name “gumbo” and “woo.”
Signs & Symptoms
• Profuse sweating during the
day and especially at night
• Anxiety, agitation & paranoia
• Nausea & vomiting
• Fast racing heart beat and high
blood pressure
• Muscle spasms, tremors and
possible seizures
• Potential to damage the lungs,
brain, heart, and other vital
organs.
• Headache
• Intense hallucinations &
psychotic episodes
• Perceptual alterations (time
distortion)
• Suicidal and other harmful
thoughts or actions
Kidney Damage
In February 2013, the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
published that synthetic cannabinoids
have a direct link to acute kidney
failure.
FOX News reported 16 Males ages 1533 across 6 states required hospital
emergency visits after smoking
synthetic marijuana.
Circumstances, Symptoms and Toxicological
Findings from Four Synthetic Marijuana Police Cases
Case
Age Gender Toxicological
Findings
Time
Circumstances & Symptoms
Reported by Police
5
17
M
JWH-018,
1.3 ng/g
50 min
Bloodshot glossy eyes with
contracted pupils. Felt nausea and
dizziness and admitted to having
smoked “Bonsai”
6
17
M
JWH-018,
3.3 ng/g
50 min
Nausea, rolling eyes and alternated
between awake and unconscious.
Staggering. Glossy eyes with
dilated pupils and an incoherent
and slurry speech. Reported a
burning sensation in his back
unable to stand up.
7
17
M
JWH-018,
7.2 ng/g
JWH-081,
0.06 ng/g
40 min
Found lying unresponsive on the
ground. While pain-stimulated by
the paramedics he woke up. Had
vomited and urinated. Presented
with slurred speech.
8
18
M
JWH-018,
3.9 ng/g
40 min
Found lying unresponsive on the
grass. Presented with glossy eyes,
dilated pupils and a slurred speech.
W6 #9 Pharmacology & Toxicology of Synthetic Cannabinoids
Synthetic Story
 In December 2012, 17-Year-Old Emily Bauer from Cypress, Texas purchased fake
marijuana from a local gas station…15 minutes after smoking had a migraine and
wanted to lie down
 Police were called to restrain Emily after she suffered from a series of strokes which
triggered a psychotic state
 Doctors discovered her seizures were a result of an inflammation of the blood vessels
restricting blood and oxygen flow to the brain
 Doctors told her family more than 70% of her brain was dead, she was blind, and
she would not recognize her family or use her arms and legs again
 After the family decided to remove her breathing tube, she began to show signs of
recovery
 9 months after taking synthetic marijuana, Emily went back to high school.
 She can’t read or write, she is in a wheelchair, and she is partially blind.
 She can’t walk but is taking physical steps during therapy and is on the road to recovery.
CNN article, 09/11/13
Teen Dies After Smoking Synthetic
Marijuana
• On July 11th in Los Angeles, a 19 year old boy gives in to
peer pressure, takes one hit, fell asleep and never woke
up again.
• His brain swelled up from the chemicals in the synthetic
marijuana causing him to quickly go in to a coma.
State of Texas
• Jerry Madden, R-Richardson on Jan. 3, 2011 filed HB597 the
companion bill to Senator Florence Shapiro, R-Plano, who filed
bill, SB 331, on Jan. 12, 2011. (Co-authors are Estes, Fraser,
Harris, Huffman, Nelson, Williams, and Davis-Jan. 19, 2011)
• This bill makes the sale, manufacture and possession of fake
marijuana illegal
• It includes 131 compounds, effective Sept. 1, 2011
• HB 124, Sept. 1, 2013
– banned the sale of the hallucinogenic herb
Salvia divinorum.
The Synthetic Drug Control Act of 2011
(House)
HR 124: would criminalize not only synthetic stimulants
("bath salts"), but also synthetic cannabinoids ("fake
pot") marketed under names such as "K2" and "Spice."
• At least 40 states have passed bans on the new synthetic drugs,
and the DEA has placed both fake pot and bath salts under
emergency bans.
• Added 17 more metabolites that are banned under the synthetic
marijuana and 8 more metabolites under “bath salts”
Federal-FDA Safety and Innovation Act
January 3, 2012
The term ‘cannabimimetic agents’ means any substance that is a cannabinoid receptor type
1 (CB1 receptor) agonist as demonstrated by binding studies and functional assays within
any of the following structural classes:
CP-47,497
CP-47,497 C8-homolog
JWH-018/AM678
JWH-073
JWH-019
JWH-200
JWH-250
JWH-081
JWH-122
JWH-398
AM2201
AM694
RCS-4
RCS-8
JWH-203
Mephedrone
MDPV
2C-E
2C-D
2C-C
2C-I
2C-T-2
2C-T-4
2C-H
2C-N
2C-P
Methylone
Legal? Illegal? What’s the Story?
Manufacturers have changed chemical compounds just
enough to skirt the ban by the U.S. Drug Enforcement
Administration. New, more powerful and legal strains are
available on the Internet, at gas stations and smoke shops
Detection Times
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Blood-Detection 0-24 hours
Urine-Detection 0-48 hours
Saliva-currently no testing methods
Hair-currently no testing methods
On-site Collection Devices –New ones out
by few different manufacturers but can
only test for up to 9 metabolites
Cocaine
• Second most used illegal substance
• Cocaine is extracted from the Coca
plant
• Effects central nervous system
lasting 20 to 80 minutes
• Easy to conceal and administer
(Snort, Inject, & Smoke)
Cocaine
Effects, Signs & Symptoms
• Red eyes, bloodshot from lack
of use
• Running nose from sniffing
• Change of eating habits and
loss of weight
• Change of sleeping habits;
sleeps all day and is up all
night
• A change in friends and
groups within different ages
• A change in behaviors.
• Acting withdrawn or
depressed, very tired and
careless about personal
appearance
• Frequently needing money and
stealing it to support their habit
Fire Ant Killer Powder
Rock On Pure Energy Shoe
Deodorizer
SYNTHETIC STIMULANTS
Synthetic Stimulants are defined as household goods and other
items, which are not for human consumption.
Enhanced Plant Vitamin Powder
Jewelry Cleaner
Synthetic Cocaine
“Legal Coke”
Ivory Wave, Purple Wave, Vanilla Sky, Red Dove, Hurricane Charlie, Zoom,
Bubble Love, Lunar Wave, Wild Horse, Tranquility, Pure, and Purple Rain
What is Synthetic Cocaine?
“Legal High, Legal Meth, Legal Cocaine”
•
•
•
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The white powder or bath
crystals (marketed as bath salts)
primary ingredient is
mephedrone, MDPV or
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
The new variety is a mix of
Cathinone, Methcathinone,
Geranamine (DMAA), with 3,4MDPV as the main component.
Produced as legal substitutes for
ecstasy, cocaine and
amphetamines, Bath salts are
powerful stimulant drugs
designed to avoid legal
prosecution.
Sold also as stain remover,
insect repellent, or potpourri
Khat Plant
• Bath salts are derivatives of cathinone which is a
chemical found in this plant
• Cathinone is a stimulant which causes excitement, loss
of appetite, euphoria
• Eastern Africa
• Smoke the red stems (better wet than dry)
BATH SALTS..HOW ARE
THEY USED?
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•
•
•
•
Smoke it
Snort it (insufflated)
Orally take it (ingest it)
Insert it through the rectum
Inject it
Symptoms of Bath Salts
• Nosebleeds
• extremely high body
temperature
• vomiting violently
• vivid hallucinations
• sleep deprivation
• labored breathing
• raised heart rate and
blood pressure to
dangerous levels
• Brain damage
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•
•
•
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•
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extreme paranoia
panic attacks
hostility or aggression
strange eye movements
“super human strength”
suicidal thoughts
Recurring theme is
“monsters, demons, and
aliens.”
• Effects last 15min to 4-6
hours
American Association of Poison Control
Centers/Bath Salt Calls
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•
•
•
•
2011: Received 6,137 calls
2012: Received 2,691 calls
2013: Received 994 calls
2014: Received 580 calls
2015: Received 29 calls
Source: American Association Poison Control Center
Emergency Dept (ED) Visits
Involving Bath Salts in 2011
Drug
# of Visits
Percent of Cases
Bath Salts Only
7,578
33%
Bath Salts with
Marijuana/Synthetic Marijuana
3,339
15%
Bath Salts and other Drug
Combinations
11,987
52%
Source: 2011 Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)
Examples of Bath Salts
DEA Bans “Bath Salts”
• Sept. 7, 2011 used its emergency authority to ban
chemicals: MDPV, Mephedrone, and Methylone
• Dec. 2011: Synthetic Control Act of 2011..added 8 more
metabolites like methcathinone, cathinone, etc..
• 33 states have banned the sale and use of bath salts
• Depending on the state and county they reside users
can be arrested and prosecuted (ex. Less than one
gram- can earn up to two years in state jail; possession
up to 4 grams can turn up to 10 yrs in the pen)
“Jewelry Cleaner”
The potent hallucinogen was first hidden in
packaging called bath salts.
Now dealers are hiding potentially deadly cocaine
like powder in packaging called “Jewelry Cleaner.”
The latest stuff is called Cosmic Blast.
Pump It Up Powder
Rock On Pure Energy
Shoe Deodorizer
Enhanced Plant
Vitamin Powder
Fire Ant Killer Powder
•
•
•
•
•
These powders are the latest in synthetic drugs. To skirt federal rules,
these products are properly labeled as "not for human consumption”
They snort it, smoke it, and they can put it in their food
These powders stimulate the central nervous system and are similar to
methamphetamine
They can lead to severe psychosis and suicide
These products do not contain any illegal or banned chemicals and are
legal in 42 states!
“Bath Salt” Test
• Compounds can be detected and quantified using
GC/MS or LC/MS/MS methods
• Urine based tests
• Cutoff level 10ng
• 24-hour turnaround time
• Tests usually include 8-10 metabolites
• Bath Salts are not detected in tests for amphetamines,
methamphetamines, or cocaine.
Amphetamines
Common Pharmaceutical Names
• Adderall, Ritalin, Prozac
• Ionamin, Dexedrine
What Is It?
• It’s a class of drugs that stimulates
the central nervous system and
produces increased wakefulness and
focus in the user
• Effect is like an adrenaline rush only
longer and with a noticeable crash
(similar to cocaine)
Street Names
• bennies, glass, crystal, crank, pep
pills, uppers, black beauties, jollies,
wake ups, and truck driver
Direct Effects
Amphetamines
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•
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Blurred vision
Burst of energy
rapid speech
adrenaline rush
lack of appetite
rapid breathing and heartbeat
•
•
•
•
•
•
high blood pressure
dilated pupils
Restlessness
Dizziness
One pill lasts 3-8 hours
Fatigue followed by need to
“top off” or go for long
“speedruns”
Long Term Effects
Amphetamines
•
•
•
•
•
Over activity of the central nervous system
Very rapid or paranoid and psychotic state
Increased strain on the heart, tremors
Addicts can crush their teeth to powder through incessant gnawing
Irritability or mood swings
MDMA or Ecstasy
• A synthetic drug with amphetamine-like and hallucinogenic
properties classified as a stimulant.
• It is taken in pill, tablet, or capsule form and can be different
colors with cartoon-like images on some of them.
• Street names are Molly, Adam, E, X, and XTC.
• It is called the “Club Drug” and is usually taken at all-night
“rave” parties and dance clubs to keep on dancing and for
mood enhancement.
Methamphetamine
•
•
•
•
Clandestine Labs
More potent & easier to make
Water soluble
Addicts inject it, smoke it, snort it, or take orally
Synthetic Hallucinogens
Mimics the effects of drugs like mescaline or LSD. Usually
in powder, crystalline, or pill form. Can also be found
dissolved or placed on stamp or blotter paper
2C-I
(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine)
• A Psychedelic Phenethylamine of the 2C Family
• Usually sold as a Hydrochloride Fluffy, Sparkling, White Powder Salt
• Administered Orally, Rectally, or Insufflated
• Symptoms: Giddy, Dilated Pupils, Muscle Tension and Nausea
• Multiple Deaths from Seizures, Kidney Failure, and Fatally High Blood
Pressure
2-CE
(Methoxylated Phenethylamine)
• A Psychedelic & Phenethylamine Drug
• Typically a White Crystalline Powder
• Psychedelic Effects similar to LSD and
Ecstasy
• Strong Euphoria, Vomiting, Itching, Tensing
of Muscles
• Oral, Nasal, Rectal or Intravenous
• Mixed with Marijuana or Ecstasy (Sparkle
Flipping)
• Duration 6-10 hours
Dimethyltryptamine
(DMT)
• A Psychedelic Compound of the Tryptamine Family
• Experiences including Intense Visuals, Euphoria, and Hallucinations
• Referred to as “The Businessman’s Trip” due to the relatively Short
Duration and Rapid Onset when Smoked
• Described as a Total Loss of
Connection to Reality with Encounters
of Ineffable Spiritual, Alien Realms
• Administered by Vaporizing it through
the use of a Glass Pipe
Bromo Dragonfly
• Also called B-Fly, Fly, or 2C-B-Fly
• Synthetic Hallucinogen effects are similar to Ecstasy or LSD
• Long-lasting effects up to 3 days
• Delayed reaction of 6 hours which can cause overdose
• Classified as a form of 2C-B and is illegal in the US
25I-NBOMe / 25C-NBOMe / 25B-NBOMe
• Commonly known as N-bomb
• A derivative of phenethylamine
• A synthetic hallucinogen resembling LSD
• Sold in white powder form or liquid that can be mixed with
alcohol or energy drinks
• Effects are blurred vision, confusion, anxiety, paranoia, sweating,
then chills, seizures, and death
• Costs about $25 per package and can be bought online from China
• 5 Montgomery County youths overdosed in May 2014
• 19 Deaths in 2012 and 2013 over consumption
• Added as Schedule I Drug on Nov. 15, 2013 and illegal in US
Opiates - Narcotics
• Source - Poppy Plants
• Euphoric Depressant; Analgesic
• Natural Derivatives:
-Morphine, Heroin, and Codeine
• Synthetics:
-Meperidine (Demerol)
-Oxymorphone (Numorphan)
-Oxycodone (Percodan, Oxycontin)
-Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Lorcet)
Effects of Opiates
Direct Effects
• Euphoria followed by
apathy
• Confusion
• Impaired Judgment
• Constricted Pupils
• Drowsiness
• Slurred Speech
• Impaired Attention
 Is the most commonly used
mind-altering substance used
in the U.S.
 It is a central nervous system
depressant that is rapidly
absorbed from the stomach
and small intestine into the
bloodstream.
 A standard drink equals 0.6
ounces of pure ethanol, or 12
ounces of beer; 8 ounces of
malt liquor; 5 ounces of wine;
or 1.5 ounces (a "shot") of 80proof distilled spirits or liquor
(e.g., gin, rum, vodka, or
whiskey).
2013 Statistics
There were 10,076 who were killed in drunk driving crashes involving
a driver with an illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 or
higher
In Texas, 1,296 people were killed in alcohol-impaired-driving crashes
Drugged Driving
• According to the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
(NSDUH), an estimated 9.9 million people aged 12 or older reported
driving under the influence of illicit drugs
• The effects of specific drugs of abuse differ depending on how they
act in the brain, but all impair faculties necessary for the safe
operation of a vehicle.
• Effects include: motor skills, balance and coordination, perception,
attention, reaction time, and judgment
• After alcohol, THC is the substance most commonly found in the
blood of impaired drivers, fatally injured drivers, and motor vehicle
crash victims.
Effects of Alcohol
Physical Signs:
Symptoms
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Dulled mental processes
Lack of coordination
Odor of alcohol on breath
Sleepiness
Slurred speech
Slowed reaction rate
Possible constricted pupils
Brain on Alcohol
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•
•
Reaches brain within 15 minutes of consumption
Produces progressive lack of coordination
Confusion
Disorientation
Stupor
Drjockers.com 2014
BAC
Behavioral Effects
0.02-0.09%
Loss of muscular coordination, impaired senses,
changes in mood and personality
0.10-0.19%
Marked mental impairment, further loss of
coordination, prolonged reaction time
0.20-0.29%
Nausea, vomiting, double vision
0.30-0.39%
Hypothermia, blackouts, anesthesia
0.40-0.70%
Coma, respiratory failure, death
What Are They Drinking?
Whipped Lightning
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•
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•
“Whipped Lightning” is
whipped cream
pasteurized and spiked
with 18% alcohol.
German Chocolate,
Carmel Pecan, Hazelnut
Espresso, White
Chocolate Raspberry,
Amaretto, etc..
The cost is $10-$15/can
Because of the high
alcohol content and
teenagers low tolerance ,
it does not take much
whipped lightning to
become inebriated.
Jello shot with squirt of
whipped lightning like 3-4
beers.
Smoking Alcohol
The new viral trend teenagers are doing to get drunk is to vaporize
alcohol and inhale the fumes. Doctors are saying this is very
dangerous and extremely addictive. Within seconds you are drunk
from the vapors, an instant high. When you drink alcohol normally, it
first goes into your stomach then slowly to your liver, and about 20
minutes later into your bloodstream. It takes time to affect you. But
when you smoke alcohol, it goes immediately to the brain and can
poison you faster. The brain has no way to tell you it is too much.
Phencyclidine - PCP
Physical Description
• Creamy, granular and often packed in an
ounce square aluminum foil or folded paper
packets
• Snorted, smoked, or eaten
• Angel Dust, Super grass, killer Weed,
Embalming Fluid, and Rocket Fuel
Health Effects
• The drug causes severe mental effects
combined with anesthetic effects on the
body
• Nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, drooling,
loss of balance, and dizziness may
accompany this.
• Hallucinations
• Possibility to trigger violent behavior
Emerging Drug Trends
GRAVEL
• Highly addictive synthetic stimulant similar to bath salts
• Contains alpha-PVP a Schedule I controlled substance
• Used in combination with methamphetamine, Klonopin, and bath salts
• Similar to small rocks or pieces of salt
• Can be smoked or injected
• Leaves gapping holes in the tissue around the injection site
• Increases blood pressure and elevates heart rate
• Causes violence, paranoia and hallucinations
WAX
• Concentrate is also called “Butter or Honeycomb”
• One hit of wax is like smoking 15-20 joints
• Has the consistency of lip balm and can be hidden in lip balm jars.
• Can be eaten or smoked using a bong or electronic cigarette
• Butane is used to strip out the THC to make Wax
• Users have an onset of psychosis and even brain damage
KRATOM
•Herbal drug derived from a
tropical tree native to Southeast
Asia
•Legal with abuse potential in the
United States
•Available on the Internet and
probably "head shops" in the US
•Mimics effects of other drugs:
stimulants, sedative and euphoric
effects, lucid dreaming, last 6
hours
•Users become thin, skin darkens
(particularly on the cheeks), dry
mouth, constipation and frequent
urination
•Opiate addicts use to self-treat to
replace methadone
•Not detectable by labs
Benzo Fury
• Benzo Fury or 6-APB is a stimulant sold as a powder, pellet, or
tablet
• “A research drug - not suitable for human consumption”
• Similar to Amphetamines and Ecstasy (MDMA)
• Side effects are euphoria, increased energy, feelings of peace
and love toward others, tingling, increased heart rate, anxiety
and paranoia.
KROKODIL
•Became popular in Russia 10
years ago
•Krokodil is used as a cheaper
alternative to heroin
•The drug is made from codeine
based headache pills mixed with
gasoline, paint thinner, alcohol or
iodine
•When a person injects the drug it
destroys tissue and turns the skin
scaly and green. “giving it a
crocodile appearance”
•The drug also causes blood
poisoning, festering, sores and
abscesses
•Reported two cases in Arizona in
July 2013
Lemon Drop
•A homemade hallucinogenic drug made by mixing
Naptha (painter’s solvent), Robitussin DM Cough Syrup and
Country Time lemonade mix or lemon juice
•The Naptha and cough syrup is heated up to extract the
DXM and then mixed with either the lemon juice or
lemonade. When cooled they bond together to form the
“Lemon Drop”
+
+
=
Angels Trumpet (Brugmansia)
• An herbal drug derived from a South American tropical tree
• Abusers drink as a tea, smoke, boil, or eat the flowers for
hallucinogenic effects
• Side effects are drowsiness, dilated pupils, inability to urinate,
headaches, memory loss, constipation, anxiety
• Higher dosages can result in an “eternal” trip or death
Thank You
Forward Edge, Inc.
www.forwardedgeinc.com
and
One Source Toxicology Laboratory, Inc.
www.onesourcetox.com
Contact Sales: 713-980-1079
mgilbert@forwardedgeinc.com or margaretg@onesourcetox.com