Experiencias de Pagos por Servicios Ambientales - ICTA

Congreso Internacional de Pago por Servicios Ambientales
‘Los pagos por servicios ambientales, herramientas para la gestión y conservación del patrimonio natural’
Solsona, Octubre 2010
Payments for Environmental Services
experiences: A comparative study
in south-eastern Mexico
Isabel Ruiz-Mallén, Luciana Porter-Bolland, Martí Boada,
Elia Chablé, Rosalía Fernández-Tarrio, Kitzia Fuentes,
Armando Medinaceli, Elena Méndez, Consuelo Sánchez,
Claudia Camacho-Benavides, Victoria Reyes-García
& equipo Conservcom
On-going research projects
Relation between local participation in protected areas management
and attitudes and perceptions towards conservation. Case studies in
south-eastern Mexico
January – December 2010
Community Conservation:
The role of local participation biodiversity conservation.
Case studies in south-eastern Mexico
July 2009 – June 2011
Conservation
strategies in Mexico
Payment for Environmental Services
Private/communal property, promoted by
international agencies and supported by
national government (CONAFOR)
Economic compensation for conserving
Hydrological, Carbon, Biodiversity
Protected Areas
Indigenous and Community
Conservation Areas
Federal Government (mainly),
state, municipality
Communal property, managed by
rural communities
Biodiversity protection
Traditional practices/ local
conservation initiatives
13% territory, <70% inhabited
Official recognition (AVC); 127 in
Oaxaca (375,000ha)
Study areas with PES
PA (National Park
of Cofre Perote)
PA (Calakmul Biosphere
Reserve)
ICCA certificated
(AVC)
Unión 20 de Junio, antes La Mancolona
Calakmul, Campeche
432 inhabitants/ Tzeltal (from Chiapas)
Small holders private property,
Consensual Assembly
PES submitted, accepted, but still not founded:
1800 ha (2010)
Buffer area and part of the Calakmul Biosphere
Reserve (PA): 3,450 ha (1989)
Ethno-tourism / organic honey production
Xmaben
Holpechén, Campeche
Ejido, Assembly
1,251 inhabitants/Yucatec-Mayan
PES: 3,000ha (2004-2009) about to acquire
another PES in a different area
Closer to the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor
Santa Cruz Tepetotutla
(Chinantla alta)
Usila, Oaxaca
Indigenous Community, General
Assembly
644 inhabitants/ Chinantecos
PES: 3,932ha. (2004)
ICCA: 9,670ha (2004) (AVC 2009)
CORENCHI
Ecosystem Integrated Management
(MIE), Biological Station, Ecotourism
Tonalaco
Xico, Veracruz
Ejido, Assembly
1092 inhabitants/ Mestizos
PES: 307ha (2003-2012).
Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote
(PA): 300ha (1937)
Forest management activities
Comparative analysis:
GIS
Local participation
in decisionmaking on
management
Participatory
mapping
Land use/ cover
change
Life strategies in
using natural
resources
Environmental
knowledge,
perceptions, and
values
Deep interviews
Participatory observations
Workshops
Participatory strategies
for biocultural
conservation
Dissemination
Preliminar results
1. How do communities ask for a PES?
FOREST
TECHNICIANS
(insiders or
outsiders)
RURAL
COMMUNITIES
CONAFOR
NGO
NGO
CONAFOR technicians review the PES areas by annual field transects
Generally, local authorities go with them
2. How do community manage the
funds received for PES?
Tonalaco
(Veracruz)
$
Tepetotutla
(Oaxaca)
La Mancolona
(Campeche)
$
Xmaben
(Campeche)
$
BANK
(Caja ejidal)
CORENCHI
Payments (faenas) for
forest maintenance:
fire lines, paths
Equally among
community
members
Expenses
Distributed among
ejidatarios, according
to their participation,
and the ejido
3. How do local people perceive PES?
Lesser important than other
subsidies
- Helpful for household income (XMA,
TEP)
- Not enough economic incentives
(TON, TEP)
- Unbelievable that government pays
them for not working forests (MAN)
Forest management for
conservation
-Conservation areas (TEP, XMA,
MAN)
-Forest management (TON)
4. What do local people know about PES?
Zona de
aprovechamiento
None ¿?
Reserva
Campesina
How do you
call this area?
Beekeeping
Proyecto de
Biodiversidad
Área de
Conservación
None
None
Low knowledge on PES location (XMA,TEP, TON)
Low knowledge on the payment (TON)
↑ ejidatarios, comuneros, owners
↓ women
Which are the
productive
activities
allowed?
Discussion
Why might communities ask for a PES?
Tonalaco
(Veracruz)
Tepetotutla
(Oaxaca)
La Mancolona
(Campeche)
Xmaben
(Campeche)
Strong community organization for natural resource managing
High environmental awareness TEK and values (respect)
High dependence on forests resources (wood, NTFP)
Other activities addressed to protect forests
(reforestation, ecotourism)
Civil associations (NGO, producers, etc.)
focused on conservation
Pressures: Vulnerability to natural disasters (fires, floods, huracans)
Environmental refugees, Mennonites’ agriculture land change
More research on environmental knowledge,
perceptions and values
•
Natural resources management is related to how different social groups
understand or perceive their situation in relation to environmental change
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More efforts on dissemination
Agradecemos a los participantes de
las comunidades y ejidos donde se
realizan los estudios
Contacto: isabel.ruiz@uab.cat