theory, assessment and treatment in Apraxia of speech
Transcription
theory, assessment and treatment in Apraxia of speech
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R &% 5 % $ 6! ! % 4 . & % 9 , / $ ) ,:((7 5 5 % 6 $K ) ,:(A F '++(T4 ) " → → → → % G 3F 5 5 J > M M M M N N N N '+,+7 - 5 & > $ D >9 D 9 ) % % - / 0 G ) ,:;E7 6S ) ,:;< @ / 5 1 5 5 > $ 5 5 D '" % & "> &. 9 5 9 01 !" $ # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 4 % 6 6 ) ) 2 0 5 % K 24 U ) ,::+T 9 6 ) ) 6 ) ) 2 ) ,::+T4 9 3F U 31 '++,T0 9 5 % $ 9 9 % 24 6 J 3F 3! ,:;<T! 6 '++AT? 3F '++(7 J 1 / ) '++,T U U ,:('T2 J 3F 5 ) ,::+T % '++(T4 '++ATF '++< '++:7 7 ) ,:(<T 6 ) ) 59 3 // '++<T4 U ) ,:(*T 6 ) ) 3 7 6 6 ) ) 1 7 '++AT U 3F 9 J U '++A7 $ 5 U 7 ) '++,7 % 7 '++(7 ) + - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" ! # $ % & '()*)'+,' 7 0 - 3F 9 '++;&'+,+ ,( 3 6 ** ) ,:(< ','7 9 24 6; 0 9 6 % 9 247 7 I ,' K IE *+ W K V V '< I< '+ I, ,< 6 ,+ < GS GS - % % L 6 ) ) 7L 5 + 6*'7 I ')(( 01 !" # 3F % 59 A <W 7 $ % & '()*)'+,' - U )+, 01 !" '++;&'+,+ # 3F $ % & '()*)'+,' '++;&'+,+ ,( ,( ** 9 0 24 6; 9 6 % 9 247 ** 7 9 24 6; 0 9 6 % 9 247 7 - 5 Y I ,+ I* X I ,( & X I ', & Y &Z = 9 Y 24 9 5 & T T ) ) ? 9 & 9 T ) ) →4 4 → !! !! 5 U )+<) K )+, K )++, 5> *' ** 9 - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 8 3F '++;&'+,+ 3F '++;&'+,+ ,( ,( 9 W ! 24 6; ! 9 6,& '& E+ 247 *& % ,& % 6 '& % 6 *& % 6! ** 9 *+ 24 6; ! O7 <+ A+ 9 7 W ** O7 ! *+ O7 / + 6' :E7 I ,E)** ,< ! ) ! % ,& % 6 '& % 6 *& % 6! # $ 9 7 O7 O7 O7 < , 6 + % U)++, 6' :E7 I ,)': 01 !" 3F # $ % & '()*)'+,' - '++;&'+,+ 9 ! - 5 3F 24 6; ! 9 6,& '& 247 % & '()*)'+,' % & '()*)'+,' '++;&'+,+ *& % ** 9 ! - 5 73 - (+ ;+ E+ <+ ,& % 6 '& % 6 *& A+ % 6! O7 W :+ 6,& '& (+ E+ <+ O7 A+ '+ ,+ ,+ + % % & '()*)'+,' - 247 *& % 9 7 5 ;+ O7 '+ $ ! 9 . *+ # 24 6; :+ *+ 9 9 7 5 01 !" ) ) ,( ** + V )+< 01 !" ,( W *& '< 9 - 247 ,+ ,+ - 6,& '& '+ '+ - 9 9 01 !" ,& % 6 '& % 6 *& % 6! # $ O7 O7 O7 % 9 3F '++;&'+,+ 3F '++;&'+,+ ,( ,( ** 9 24 6; ! ! - 5 6,& '& 247 *& % ** 9 9 7 24 6; ! ! 9 6,& '& 247 *& % 9 7 9 D7 5 - W 9 3 9 :+ (+ ;+ E+ <+ A+ ,& % 6 '& % 6 *& % 6! # $ O7 % % 6) ) > O7 5 % 5 $ 6) ) > % D7 5 24Q O7 *+ '+ ,+ + - 9 % 01 !" % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 4 - 5 5 9 % $ > 9 9 % D 9 5 T 5 9 24 5 % - Q ! 9 $ [ % 9 9 % 9 24 9 5 / ) ) ) ) L 9 24 Q - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 10 7 $ 24 $ + 24 6 8 + 9 & 6 7 5 24 9 24 % 9 Q & 24 9 6 5 7 6 ) ) 9 9 K \ % 7 % 6 ) ) 5 24 7 6 ) ) > 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 3 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 3 4 G 5 > 6? 6,E 9 G ) '++*7 G 6 5 7 7 ) ) % &5 % T ! 01 !" ]E :E 7 6 5 5 - 7 % =J - 24 5 G ) ) 5 4 9 9 % & & & 9 % % % ! # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 11 3 3 4 > 6? 4 ) '++*7 > \ - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - ) ) 6? % % 01 !" ) '++*7 % # $ % & '()*)'+,' - + 9 24 . 9 9/ ! & 6 5 & 5 & 5 & ) ) 5 C 9 6 ) ) 8// / 5 ) '+++7 % 9 - O 4 5 - & Examples: „Pass the tip of your tongue over your upper lip.“ „Pretend to give a kiss.“ „Clear your throat.“ 6F '++*7 & 5 5 6 ) ) % 9 5) % 9 7 % 9 Patient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`A<&<+ % * G A 5 6 9 G ' 5 % 7 5 24 % 6 / 6 3 % ,& % 0 9 - % 9 ;< *( 8 ;< * 4 *< ,' 5 1 <E < 5 K % ( '& 9 5 3, 9 01 !" $ # 4 $ % % # 6 > & '()*)'+,' - 24 3F 01 !" 4 # '++( 7 $ % % 6 ! 4 9 B 9 9 1 8 9 9 9 & '()*)'+,' 24 3F '++( 7 G G 4T & & 9 5 % 9 = % 5 ! # B 4 B 1 8 B 01 !" B 9 3 ! 9 9 5 H % & Q G 4 G B > 9 4 9 9 ! 5 % ( 2 - # # ( !> 9 5 7 ! / % 7 G % % # 9 $ % $ & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 15 4 % 1 24 4 ) '++E G 1 & 9 G "? % 24 8 ) '++E 24 ) A,< a 7 3 6 ) A,,7 !& & G> % DI 6 J 5 % 7 " A !& 6 ) A+:7 >5 3 !5 ' ! ! - A B+: . & 6 ) A,E7 01 !" # 4 $ % & '()*)'+,' % # 6 - 24 3F 01 !" 4 # $ % % & '()*)'+,' 24 '++( 7 G & & = % 5 5 % > 9 5 ( G 4O O 5 & & 9 % 6 ) ) ?5 C 5 % % 5 6 ) )K K M N &M ) ,:::7 % % N7 % % 9 - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 16 4 % # 6 24 3F 4 % # '++( 7 6 ! '++( 7 G & % > G D 9 9 & & J & % > G % J C 9 9 9 & & @ J > 8 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 8 0 / + ! 9 > 5 $ 0 K K % & '()*)'+,' / = > = 'F D D % C D = 6 6S 7 K K 5 9 % D % C % K K DE D & J % # $ > . 5 5 + K K D ) 01 !" 7 5 # > D % L % 9 01 !" , , , , , % % 6 - ! 59 & % 5 % 5 % - 5 C % 5 9 ) ) J % % % % 9 % S& J 9 = 59 D % % - 3F ! G - 24 D C 2 > 7 D 5 D C 9 % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 17 - - A / G9 A G [ G 5 6 ) ) @ % ) ) KK > D / & K$ 6 ) ) 2! 4J 5 4 % ) ) K G K 5 K 5 & ) ) KCK G >G & J K 9 )A 7 % >C D 6 >A 7 6 ) ) >1 6 ) )> D ) D 7 6 - 5 KCK > zygomaticus major orbicularis oris # ) 7 $ 5 % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # - - G =9 7 79 01 !" A ) levator anguli oris D ) 5 ) ) K$K 6 J D6 ) '++,7 ) ,:(A7 % % 9 5 / % 5 3 / $ & '()*)'+,' % L ! = & - / / 6 % $ 5 ) ,:;E7 6 6 7 ] 7 C 2 > % 9 % = 5 ) ,::: *'7 7 = & > 6? 5 % 9 24) > 5 5 - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' 18 - 5 # 6 % 3F L - 5 # '++(%7 J 6 % 3F L '++(%7 ! D / % % L ? $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ' ) . 'A - 01 !" # - $ 5 # 6 A 9 24 6 9 % & '()*)'+,' % 3F D - L ' 01 !" # - 247 $ % 5 # '++(%7 9 9 6 & '()*)'+,' % 3F L '++(%7 7 60 before learning after learning / 40 G 9 % % 20 G 9 % E == E = 6 17 5 0 % ! - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" ! # $ % & '()*)'+,' 19 - 5 # 6 % 3F % L - # '++(%7 9 5 5 % 6 % 3F L '++(%7 6F 5 '++< '++:7 ) 4 G % 4 % % "# !!!% G 5 % !0 5 2 G % 2 % 5 b $ & b b b !!!& b b 6 3 9 # $ '++* ,EA7 X X5 - 01 !" # - $ 5 # % & '()*)'+,' % 64 3F 7 6 IA % - L 01 !" - 5 # 64 J , M N ' M! N * M! N A M N < M N E M N ; M N ( M N 01 !" & '()*)'+,' % 3F L 7 3 ! - % F G ) 7 G 5 6 ) ) M 9 N M G 9 % N7 9 9 5 % 6 ) ) M & M! N 5) M % N7 G & & N % 59 ) ) M & N M N % 59 # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" M N M M N N ) # $ % & '()*)'+,' 20 - )# - ! ) , , , C ' 5 % ) '' % c 4 &4 &4 ! &! &! c & & & & "% - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" & # 4 - " & $ % & '()*)'+,' % 1 - 6 ) ) @ % ) ,::(7 G 4 9 G G 24 61 3 &% ,:('T@ 5 % 3! / '+++T8 % $ ,:('T- 34 5 6 ) ) 3F ! 68 ,:(A7 % 9 ) '++(7 6! 7 '++( ('7 3F G 5) - 01 !" # $ % & '()*)'+,' - 01 !" % # 62 $ ) ,::,7 % & '()*)'+,' 21 4 ? 4==H % 3 8 " % 0 8 X 0 4 4 I ,' […] 4 0 ! 9 A( 24 < 99 2 '& % K '& % K b b b D - % 01 !" # 4 $ J L % ! L & '()*)'+,' - 0 + 6 3F H D % 69 7K 01 !" '++:7 3 3 6 ) '++<7 I :E $ % & '()*)'+,' % 0 '++:7 S J # 4 7 0 + 6 3F '++:7 7 9 9 9 S 5 U )++, 01 !" U )++, # $ % / G: % S ':W <;W (W ':W % % 6W7 % 9 & % 6W7 % S - 9 % 0 S K ? % 0 / & & & % 24 S I b b X% X % >3 % ) E'+ b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d " ? 4 24 F % & '()*)'+,' 4 % $ d !" ) " % $ !" $8 1 % # 14QQQ !" 9 01 !" % $ !" 9 9 d 1c R 1 G % !" 4 5 6 - 1 d !_ $ " $ !" %& d ? $ & d ? = 5 & '()*)'+,' 8 & 4 d ? G 4 4 d ? % % 4 $ ? $ $ $? $ 1 1 $8 $ 1 * # " $ % $) 01 !" % % 82_ % 2@ $L 24 01 !" G L - 9 % RF 01 !" % 8 ) 1 % $ " ) ) !" !" 9 $ # $ % & '()*)'+,' 24 References Aichert, I. & Ziegler, W. (2004). Syllable frequency and syllable structure in apraxia of speech. Brain and Language, 88, 148-159. Aichert, I. & Ziegler, W. (2008a). Segmentales und Silbisches Lernen bei Sprechapraxie: eine Studie zur Erhebung von Lern- und Transfereffekten. Forum Logopädie, 22, 10-17. Aichert, I. & Ziegler, W. (2008b). 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