strong-motion data acquisition, processing motion data acquisition

STRONG--MOTION DATA ACQUISITION,
STRONG
Q
, PROCESSING
AND UTILIZATION IN TURKEY
M.Erdik, Y.Fahjan and E.Durukal
Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
Seismicity and Strong Motion Stations in EuroEuro-Mediterranean Region
There exist some 361 strong motion accelerographs in Turkey.
About 158 accelerographs (40% analog, 60% digital) are owned and
operated by Earthquake Research Department (ERD) of Ministry of Public
Works as the national strong motion network distributed all around Turkey.
Turkey
About 200 digital strong motion accelerographs are owned and operated
byy Kandilli Observatoryy and Earthquake
q
Research Institute ((KOERI)) of
Bogazici University as dense urban network in and around Istanbul (Rapid
response and early warning system, structural instrumentations) and
North Cyprus.
Cyprus
Th totall number
The
b off records
d obtained
b i d by
b the
h networkk is
i about
b 500.
00
The most important earthquakes in this catalog are the 1992 Erzincan,
1995 Dinar
Dinar, 1998 Adana
Adana--Ceyhan,
Ceyhan 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce earthquakes
earthquakes.
National Network - Ministry of Public Works (ERD)
Digitized analog and digital acceleration data in ASCII format
format, without any
processing are provided on the Internet since 1998 by the General
Directorate of Disaster Affairs http://angora.deprem.gov.tr
http://angora.deprem.gov.tr..
KOERI
GROUND
MOTION
NETWORKS
The routine strong ground motion progressing procedure that has been
used on several papers originating from KOERI essentially use the
following procedure.
1. Low - pass filter the uncorrected accelerogram (25 HzHz-50Hz)
2 L
2.
Leastt square fit a straight
t i ht line
li to
t the
th acceleration
l ti ttrace
3. Integrate the acceleration to obtain velocity
4.. High - pass filter velocity using a recursive Butterworth filter with a
cut - off frequency determined from the shape of the FAS
FAS.
5. Least square fit a straight line to the filtered velocity.
6. Differentiate velocity to obtain the corrected acceleration.
7 Integrate velocity to obtain the displacement
7.
displacement.
8. Least square fit a straight line displacement.
9. Add the slope of the line of step 8 to the velocity of step 5 for the
corrected velocity.
y
This routine preserves the phase of the accelerogram and the
correspondence of acceleration, velocity and displacement traces.
However, the initial motion estimates for velocity and displacement may
influence the shape of the response spectra.
Zare and Bard (2002) have processed a selected a set of 210 records
from the available strong motion data set in Turkey.
Turkey
•After a simple base-line correction, the appropriate frequency band
for each record is determined on the basis of the ratio of Fourier
Amplitude Spectra of appropriately selected signal and noise
windows.
•The dominant signal band the empirical Fourier amplitude spectrum
is also compared with the theoretical shape of the far field Fourier
amplitude spectrum of acceleration.
acceleration
•After determination of the reliable frequency band, the signal window
is band pass filtered with a 2nd order Butterworth filter.
•The fundamental frequency of vibration at the recording stations was
determined on the basis of the H/V ratio of the records.
PGA (%g) in 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake
EW Accelerations
1,000
800
YPT
600
accelera
ation (cm/s2)
400
200
SKR
0
-200
-400
ARC
-600
IZM
-800
-1,000
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
time (s)
To obtain the “correct” displacements Iwan
I an and Chen (1995) method was
as used,
sed which
hich
essentially involved segmented polynomial baseline fit to velocity.
EW Velocities
200
150
100
YPT
velocity (cm/s
v
s)
50
0
SKR
-50
ARC
-100
IZM
-150
-200
0
3
6
9
12
15
time (s)
18
21
24
27
30
EW Displacements
350
300
YPT
250
200
150
dis
splacement (c
cm)
100
SKR
50
0
-50
-100
-150
ARC
-200
IZM
-250
-300
-350
0
3
6
9
12
15
time (s)
18
21
24
27
30
After 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce earthquakes KOERI has compiled and
disseminated all strong motion data (Ozbey and Fahjan, 2000).
•Array microtremor and SASW methods were used to determine the
velocity profile (NEHRP site classifications) at the KOERI stations.
•Non
Non--earthquake signals caused by voltage fluctuation
fluctuation, quarry
explosions, vehicle
vehicle--generated waves, etc. were eliminated
•Record
Record--event (earthquake) matching were done.
•Since no processing has been applied, these records qualify as an
uncorrected data set.
Celebi et al (2001) provided a collection of all available strong ground
motion records from main shock and aftershocks of 1999 earthquakes.
q
http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open--file/of01
http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open
file/of01--163
•All the data are presented in ASCII format as provided by the
contributing agency.
•There is no event association for the aftershocks.
ISTANBUL EARTHQUAKE RAPID RESPONSE STATIONS
One hundred (100) of the strong motion recorders are stationed
in dense settlements in the Metropolitan area of Istanbul in dialdialup mode for Rapid Response information generation.
System consists of the following components:
components:
(1) Monitoring system composed of various sensors,
(2) Communication link,
link
(3) Data processing facilities that converts data to
information, and
(4) System that issues and communicates the rapid
response information and early warning
warning..
All of the instruments were calibrated in the laboratory using a air
air--bed
electro--magnetic shaker
electro
shaker.. Additional bibi-directional tilt tests at site were
conducted during installation
After triggered by an earthquake
earthquake, each station processes the
streaming threethree-channel strong motion data to yield the
spectral
p
accelerations at specific
p
pperiods,, 12Hz filtered PGA
and PGV and sends these parameters in the form of SMS
messages at every 20s directly to the main data center
through the GSM communication system by using several
base stations, microwave system and landlines.
Data Transmission over SMS
G1
BTS
BSC
G2
MSC2
MSC1
SMSC
Standby
Gx – SMSC interface will be
Mobile Originated Short Message
to predefined numbers.
SMSC will communicate with
Application Server over SMPP
protocol.
Application Server-Kandilli
Server Interface will be fully
redundant socket communication
over Leased Line and M/W.
SMSC
Active
ARIA Backbone
Application
Server
Application
Beta
Server
Alpha
Kandilli Servers
Leased Line 64k
FW
M/W
MAIN DATA CENTER
Spectral displacements obtained from the SMS messages
sent from stations are interpolated to determine the
spectral
t l displacement
di l
t values
l
att the
th center
t off eachh geo
geo--cellll
(0.01
01°° x 0.01°
01°).
The earthquake demand at the center of each geo
geo--cell is
computed using these spectral displacements
displacements..
Using the capacities of the buildings (24 types) in each
geo--cellll the
geo
th building
b ildi damage
d
iis computed
t d by
b using
i the
th
spectral--displacement based fragility curves (HAZUS
spectral
Procedure)..
Procedure)
SD @ 5.0Hz
SD @ 2.0Hz
SD @ 3.33Hz
SD @ 1.11Hz
Number of Collapsed Buildings per Cell (Simulated from
random data and communicated to end users everyy day)
y)
Municipality
Governorate
Municipality
1st Army
Communication of Rapid Response Message (Damage Maps)
(Mobile phones and PDA’s)
PGA Distribution
SD @ 5.0Hz
SD @ 2.0Hz
SD @ 3.33Hz
SD @ 1.11Hz
Building Damage Distribution
DATA AVAILIBILITY
National strong motion network data in raw (or uncorrected) format
(ASCII) can be obtained from (http://angora.deprem.gov.tr
(http://angora.deprem.gov.tr).
).
The strong motion data recorded by the Istanbul Earthquake Rapid
Response Network can be obtained from
http://www
http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/EWRR/EWRRMain.htm
http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/EWRR/EWRRMain.htm.
koeri boun edu tr/depremmuh/EWRR/EWRRMain htm.
Most of the database is also included in the CD volume of European
Strong Motion Database (http://www.isesd.cv.ic.ac.uk
(http://www.isesd.cv.ic.ac.uk).
).
The strong motion data compilation conducted by USGS
(http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open
http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open--file/of01file/of01-163
163)) also includes KOERI
strong
g motion records.
Selected events from KOERI database can be reached in PEER Strong
Motion Database (http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat
(http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/)
/) and
COSMOS Virtual Data Center (http://db.cosmos
(http://db.cosmos--eq.org).
eq.org).
ATTENUATION STUDIES
• Gulkan and Kalkan (2002) have developed attenuation relationships
for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 5 percent damped spectral
acceleration (SA) from 47 strong ground motion records recorded in 19
earthquakes.
• Using a database consisting of 195 recordings from 17 recent events
an attenuation model Özbey et al. (2004) has developed for peak
ground acceleration and 5%
5%--damped spectral acceleration for periods
up to 4 seconds.
• Both studies conclude that WUS (+worldwide) based attenuation
relationships predictions are above the (up to 1SD) the predictions
based on data from Turkey (actually dominated by 1999 events).
Comparison of PGA predictions from the proposed attenuation model with those
from two W.U.S. models for for Soil Class B and Mw = 7.4.
Comparison of 1s SA predictions from the proposed attenuation model with those from
two W.U.S. models for for Soil Class B and Mw = 7.4.
KOERI STRUCTURAL INSTRUMENTATION ARRAYS
AYASOFYA
STRONG
MOTION ARRAY
SÜLEYMANİYE
STRONG
MOTION ARRAY
Accelerations recorded by the AyaSofya array during the 12 November 1999
Düzce earthquake
Accelerations recorded by the Süleymaniye array during the 17 August 1999,
Kocaeli earthquake
dissplacement (cm))
Top of NW Main Pier
Crown of N Main Arch
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.05
0
0
0
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
01
-0.1
01
-0.1
01
-0.1
0
0.1
-0.1
0
0.1
displacement (c m)
Crown of W Main Arch
0.05
W
0
-0.05
-0.1
E
0
-0.05
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
Crown of S Main Arch
0.1
0.1
0 05
0.05
0 05
0.05
0 05
0.05
0
0
0
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0
01
0.1
displacement (cm)
-0.1
01
0
01
0.1
displacement (cm)
0
0.1
Top of SE Main Pier
0.1
-0.1
01
0.1
0.05
S
Top of SW Main Pier
0
0.1
N
0
-0.1
Crown of E Main Arch
0.1
-0.1
displacementt (cm)
Top of NE Main Pier
01
-0.1
0
01
0.1
displacement (cm)
First mode
of vibration
of Hagia
Sophia.
Dominant
sense of
vibration
EW
dissplacement (cm))
Top of NW Main Pier
Crown of N Main Arch
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.05
0
0
0
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
01
-0.1
01
-0.1
01
-0.1
0
0.1
-0.1
0
0.1
displacement (ccm)
Crown of W Main Arch
-0.1
0
0.1
Crown of E Main Arch
0.1
0.1
N
0.05
0
-0.05
0.05
E
W
-0.1
0
0
-0.05
S
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
Top of SW Main Pier
displacement (cm)
Top of NE Main Pier
-0.1
Crown of S Main Arch
0.1
0.1
0 05
0.05
0 05
0.05
0 05
0.05
0
0
0
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0
0.1
displacement (cm)
-0.1
0
0.1
displacement (cm)
0.1
Top of SE Main Pier
0.1
-0.1
0
-0.1
0
0.1
displacement (cm)
Second
mode of
vibration
of Hagia
Sophia.
Dominant
sense of
vibration
NS
diisplacement (cm)
Top of NW Main Pier
Crown of N Main Arch
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.05
0
0
0
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
01
-0.1
01
-0.1
01
-0.1
0
0.1
-0.1
0
0.1
displacement (ccm)
Crown of W Main Arch
-0.1
0.05
0
0.05
X
0
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
Top of SW Main Pier
-0.1
Crown of S Main Arch
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.05
0
0
0
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0
1
0
01
0.1
displacement (cm)
0
0.1
Top of SE Main Pier
0.1
-0.1
-0
1
0
01
0.1
displacement (cm)
0.1
0.1
Y
0
0
Crown of E Main Arch
0.1
-0.1
displacementt (cm)
Top of NE Main Pier
-0.1
-0
1
0
01
0.1
displacement (cm)
First mode of
vibration of
Suleymaniye
Dominant
sense of
vibration +/
+/-X
BOĞAZİÇİ SUSPENSION BRIDGE
STRONG MOTION ARRAY
FATİH SULTAN
MEHMET
SUSPENSION
BRIDGE STRONG
MOTION ARRAY
SAMPLE RECORD FSM BRIDGE Station FS1
(Av. Wind Speed 40kph, Gusting 70kph)
2
Acc (m/s )
A
Time History of North Station recorded at 2004/02/13, 00:30
0.2
0.4
LONG
TRANS
Vel (m/s
V
s)
VERT
0.1
0.2
0.5
0
0
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.5
-0.2
0
100
200
300
0.05
0
-0.05
Disp (m
m)
1
0
100
200
300
-0.4
0
100
200
300
-1
0.1
0.4
0 05
0.05
02
0.2
0
0
-0.05
-0.2
-0.1
0
100
200
300
-0.4
0.1
0.4
0.4
0 05
0.05
02
0.2
02
0.2
0
0
0
-0.05
-0.2
-0.2
-0.1
0
100
200
Time (s)
300
-0.4
0
100
200
Time (s)
300
-0.4
0
100
200
300
0
100
200
300
0
100
200
300
Time (s)
İŞ-KULE
ENRON-TRAKYA ELEKTRIK
INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT
• The prototype lowlow-cost accelerograph (KANDLE(KANDLE-1) uses
MEMS (Micro(Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems)
accelerometers.
• KANDLE
KANDLE--1 is 18 bit 3 channel strong motion recorder
system encompassing A/D converter, analog and digital
filters, internal modem, RS232/RS485 communications,
GPS timing, GSM communication, SDRAM memory and a
removable USB memory card.
• The operational modes include: configuration,
trigger/alarm mode (STA/LTA, PGA and CAV thresholds)
and online data streaming. The fullfull-scale range of the
accelerometer is +/
+/-- 1.7g
1 7g with a noise floor of about 1mg
1mg.
• RS485 Networking with optional wireless networking
Thank you