a descriptive study of register used in ninja preneur facebook group

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF REGISTER USED IN NINJA
PRENEUR FACEBOOK GROUP
GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris (S.Pd.I)
in the English Department of Education Faculty
State Institute for Islamic Studies (STAIN) Salatiga
Aditya Meilia Fitri Rahmawati
113 08 080
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FACULTY
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (STAIN)
SALATIGA
2012
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (STAIN)
SALATIGA
Jl. Tentara Pelajar 02 Telp (0298) 323433 Fax 323433 Salatiga 50721
Website: www.stainsalatiga.ac.id email: administrasi@stainsalatiga.ac.id
DECLARATION
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and merciful.
Hereby the writer declares a thesis entitled “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF
REGISTER USED IN NINJA PRENEUR FACEBOOK GROUP
GRADUATING PAPER” that made by the writer herself. It is not written or
has been published by other people. The things related to other people works are
written in quotation and included in bibliography.
Salatiga, August 14th 2012
The writer
Aditya Meilia Fitri Rahmawati
113 08 080
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (STAIN)
SALATIGA
Jl. Tentara Pelajar 02 Telp (0298) 323433 Fax 323433 Salatiga 50721
Website: www.stainsalatiga.ac.id email: administrasi@stainsalatiga.ac.id
Faizal Risdianto, S.S, M.Hum
The Lecturer of Educational Faculty
State Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR’S NOTE
Case: Aditya Meilia Fitri Rahmawati’s
graduating paper
Salatiga, August 14th 2012
Dear:
The Rector of State Institute
for Islamic Studies Salatiga
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
After reading and correcting Aditya Meilia Fitri Rahmawati’s graduating paper
entitle “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF REGISTER USED IN
NINJA PRENEUR FACEBOOK GROUP”. I have decided and would
like to propose that if it could be accepted by educational faculty, I hope it would
be examined as soon as possible.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Consultant
Faizal Risdianto, S.S, M.Hum
NIP.197509172008011010
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (STAIN)
SALATIGA
Jl. Tentara Pelajar 02 Telp (0298) 323433 Fax 323433 Salatiga 50721
Website: www.stainsalatiga.ac.id email: administrasi@stainsalatiga.ac.id
GRADUATING PAPER
A DESCRPITIVE STUDY OF REGISTER USED IN NINJA PRENEUR
FACEBOOK GROUP
WRITTEN BY
ADITYA MEILIA FITRI RAHMAWATI
NIM: 113 08 080
Has been brought to the board of examiners on 30th August 2012 and hereby
considered to completely fulfill the requirements of Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
Islam (S.Pd.I) in English and Education Department.
Board of examiners:
Head
: Dr. M. Zuhri, M.A
______________
Secretary
: Setia Rini, M.Pd
______________
1st examiner
: Dr. H. Sa’adi, M. Ag
______________
2nd examiner : Norwanto, S.pd, M.Hum
______________
3rd examiner
______________
: Faizal Risdianto, S.S, M.Hum
Salatiga, 30th August 2012
Rector of STAIN Salatiga
Dr. Imam Sutomo, M.Ag
NIP: 19580827 198303 002
Motto
“(Take care of) your mother,
then your mother,
then your mother, then your father,
then other relatives
in order of closeness.”
DEDICATION
This research is sincerely dedicated for
My beloved mother and sisters who
always pray and support me. Thanks so much
All of my friends in TBI C 2008 thanks for coloring my life.
You’re the sweet one
All Ninja Preneur Facebook Group members
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdullillahirobbil’alamiin, Praise to Allah the Most Gracious and
Merciful, Because of His Grace the writer could complete this research. A
thousand thanks for His blessing of the wonderful life. Only by His grace the
writer is able to finish this research entitles A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF
REGISTER USED IN NINJA PRENEUR FACEBOOK GROUP as one of the
requirement for Sarjana Pendidikan in English Department of Educational Faculty
of State Institute of Islamic Studies (STAIN) Salatiga in 2012
However, this success would not be achieved without the writer advisor,
for his invaluable correction, guidance, patience, advice, time and encouragement
in the whole process of the research. The writer would also like to gratitude to the
following person:
1. Dr. Imam Sutomo, M.Ag as the rector of State Institute for Islamic
Studies Salatiga.
2. Mashlihatul Umami, S.Pd.I. M.A the head of English Department of
States Institute for Islamic Studies (STAIN) of Salatiga
3. Faizal Risdianto, S.S, M.Hum, as the writer’s counselor who has
educated, supported, directed and given the writer advices, suggestions,
and recommendations for this thesis from beginning until the end.
4. My beloved Mother and sisters
5. All the lecturers in STAIN Salatiga.
6. All lecturers in English Department Faculty of STAIN Salatiga. Thanks
for all guidance, knowledge, support, and etc.
7. All the staffs that have helped the writer in processing of thesis
administration.
8. Admin of Ninja Preneur Facebook Group, especially Mas Sigied
Himawan and Mas Insan Agung. Thanks for your information.
9. All my friends in TBI C 2008
10. Special thanks for those who help and accompany directly in working
with this graduating paper Ina and Rio.
Salatiga, August 14th 2012
The writer
Aditya Meilia Fitri Rahmawati
113 08 080
TABLES OF CONTENTS
TITLE
i
DECLARATION
ii
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES
iii
PAGE OF CERTIFICATION
iv
MOTTO
v
DEDICATION
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
ABSTRACT
xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of study
1
B. Problem of Study
4
C. Objective of Study
5
D. Limitation of the Problem
5
E. Benefit of the Study
5
F. Definition of Keyterm
6
G. Paper Outline
8
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Literature Review
9
1. Historical Background of NPFG
9
2. Language Variety
11
B. The Notion of Register
12
1. The Dimension of Register
12
2. The Kinds of Register
14
3. The Function of Register
15
4. The Form of Register
16
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Type of Research
23
B. Method and Technique of Collecting Data
24
C. Method of Analyzing Data
26
D. Step to Analyze the Data
26
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Analysis word formation process
27
1. Word
27
2. Blending word
38
3. Acronym
44
4. Abbreviation
46
5. Clipped
52
6. Code Switching
55
7. Code Mixing
59
CHAPTER V: CLOSURE
A. Conclusion
54
B. Suggestion
55
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
ABSTRACT
Meilia Aditya (2012). A Descriptive study of Register used in Ninja
Preneur Facebook Group
Counselor: Faizal Risdianto, S.S, M.Hum
Keywords: NPFG, register, word formation process.
Ninja Preneur Facebook Group (NPFG) is the discussion group of
entrepreneurship and Islamic issues, which has dedication to develop the
spirit of entrepreneur. The discussion of this research is register used by
NPFG when they have conversation in group. The purposes of this study
were (1) Identify the kinds of register used in NPFG (2) Elaborate the
meanings and the function of particular and common register used in
NPFG. The data of this study were analyzed using the theory of
sociolinguistic especially register and the word formation process. The
approach used in this study is a qualitative approach and the tapping
method was used in data collection. NPFG vocabulary items can be
divided into 1. Word, 2. Blending words, 3. Abbreviation, 4. Acronym 5.
Clipped, 6. Code switching and 6. Code mixing. Each of these forms is
classified into several categories based on the form of word. It was found
that there is a word implies a negative connotation that usually to mock or
ridicule but it is only for joke but almost all the words have positive
meaning.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
The need for rapid information and communication make people faster
in their thinking, innovating and creating easy things in technology. The
development of information and communication technology has shown its
identity in human civilization. Certainly, it cannot be denied that the role of
information technology has a significant value of economic and it provides
progress from day to day. The fastest technological advance and most
influential inventions of technology is internet. The Internet allows people to
communicate and find information quickly and it so efficiency in the use,
especially in saving time and cost. It becomes a popular information media.
Internet is stands for (Interconnected Computer Networks) or an infinite
Networking, the connecting computer users to other computers in many
regions across the world, where in the network has a wide range of
information and facilities to browsing in virtual world or known as the term
‘online’. There are so many people around the world interact only through it
because internet provides many sites which can be used to chat.
It is more interesting, that internet allows the users by providing a site
for chat like Facebook. The social network that allows users to add profiles
with photos, contacts, information or other personal identity and provide space
for status update and comment. It is the most well-known social network
which almost used by people around the world. The site which created by
Mark Zuckerberg in 2004 is full of features that could satisfy the users.
Picture 1. Facebook Log In
People who have similar interest or hobby, they could make a
community or group on it. Surely, this makes that site more attractive. They
are able to interact with same interests using the language which only known
by the member of group. The language is sometimes eccentric, strange and
tends to tacky but such a prank in a conversation or like ‘ice breaker’ when the
situation started too serious. The Facebook user is called Facebooker. They
often use colloquial language in communicating. They also use several
languages, such as Indonesian, English, regional language and some new
terms or words. It could found in teenager communities or groups.
One group of interesting which make the writers interested to study the
variety of language is Ninja Preneur Facebook Group (NPFG). It is a Muslim
community who has high motivation and dedication to the advancement life of
entrepreneur spirit. It is quote from the info contained in the NPFG is a
community for Muslim entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs’ candidate business
owners and the people who interact with them. Motivation and tips for
entrepreneurs. The members not only mature people but also very creative
teenager with their idea.
Picture 2. Ninja Preneur Facebook Group Profile
They make some words then they popularize it into the group. Let us see
when NPFG members posted a status or giving comments on the group wall
Sigied Himawan commented on post. July 25 at 11:38am
blm! tapi kalo merasa kadir dan kirun pelnahh
(Not yet, but I ever feel kadir and kirun)
Insan Agung commented on post July 24 at 8:41am
ngestinoh detected, so must be blocked.
(Ngestinoh was detected, so it must be blocked)
That’s two examples of words used in NPFG comments. Surely, the
people who not include the group do not understand the words they used. The
really have difficulty to interpret the feeling of kadir and kirun that Sigied
means as well as ngestinoh word. Those words would make the people so
curious. Therefore, the writer tries to examine and elaborate the meaning of
those utterances. That’s why the writer takes A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF
REGISTER USED IN NINJAPRENEUR FACEBOOK GROUP as the title
for thesis research.
B. Problem of Study
In order to specify the topic discussed, the writer would like to formulate the
problem as follow:
1. What kinds of registers are used in Ninja NPFG?
2. What are the meanings and the function of particular and common register
that used in NPFG?
C. Objective of the study
1. To identify the kinds of register used in NPFG
2. To elaborate the meanings and the function of particular and common
register used in NPFG
D. Limitation of the Study
In conducting research the writer limits the problems only within the
register that can be found in NPFG. The writer analyzes the register as based
on the forms and usage of the particular and common register. While factors
determining the meaning is limited on situational context the writer is
analyzing the register using sociolinguistic approach
E. Benefits of the study
Having stated the problem, the writer would like to get some benefits of the
research:
1. For writer
a. To more understanding the terms used in NPFG
b. To give contributions in enrichment of vocabulary of register used in
cyber community.
2. For readers
a. To give a clear explanation about register so the readers can use the
register appropriately.
b. To hope that the result of the research can be used as a reference for
those who are interested in analyzing the language variety, especially
the registers that are used in NPFG
F. Definition of Key Terms
1. Register
a. Register as a language variety associated with both a particular
situation of use and with pervasive linguistic features that serve
important function within situation of use (Douglas Biber and Susan
Conrad, 2009:31)
b. Register is the language of groups of people with common interest or
jobs or the language used in situation associated with such group
(Holmes, 1992:276)
c. Register as the linguistic features which are typically associated with a
configuration of situational features – with particular values of the
field, mode and tenor which must include the expressions, the lexicogrammatical and phonological features that typically accompany or
REALISE these meanings. (M.A.K Halliday and R. Hasan 1985:39)
2. Ninja Preneur
A community for Muslim entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs’ candidate
business owners and the people who interact with them. Motivation and
tips for entrepreneurs.
3. Facebook
Facebook is a social networking service and website launched in
February 2004, operated and privately owned by Facebook Inc. As of
April 2012 update Facebook has more than 900 million active users. Users
must register before using the site, after which they may create a personal
profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including
automatic notifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users
may join common-interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or
college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into lists such
as "People from Work" or "Close Friends". The name of the service stems
from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the
academic year by some university administrations in the United States to
help students get to know each other. Facebook allows any users who
declare themselves to be at least 13 years old to become registered users of
the site. http://wikipedia.org
4. Group
A group is a collection of individuals who have relations to one
another that make them interdependent to some significant degree. As so
defined, the term group refers to a class of social entities having in
common the property of interdependence among their constituent
members. Dorwin Cartwright and Alvin Zander (1968: 46)
G.
Paper Outline
In order to give some guidance for the writer or the readers in
reading the research, the writer would like to make and outline about the
contents of the research as follows:
Chapter I deals with introduction, background of the study, research
of problem, object of the study, limitation of the study, benefits of the study
definition of key terms and paper outline.
Chapter II elaborates theoretical framework, the notion of register
contains of the dimension of register, the type of register, the function of
register, the form of register and the classification of register in the oxford
English dictionary.
Chapter III discusses methodology, the type of method, the object of
the study, the type of data and data source, the method of data and data
collection and the technique of data analysis.
Chapter IV explains analysis, classifying the register into specific
categories, analyzing the data based on structure meaning of register and
discussion of the finding.
Chapter V contains closure that consists of conclusions and
suggestion.
The last part is bibliography and appendixes.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Review of Ninja Preneur Facebook Group
Ninja Preneur Facebook Group is a Muslim community which does
not only discuss and talk about Islamic problems but also giving motivations
in entrepreneurship. This group dedicated to those who have enthusiasm and
vigor in building a business based on Islamic rules.
1. Historical Background of Ninja Preneur Facebook group
Ninja Preneur Facebook Group was founded around the year
2011. It is a
part group of Ninja Muslim, the older group that has about
16,000 members. The reason for establishing this group was caused by a
reason of Ninja Muslim group that wanted a discussion forum about
entrepreneurship. So, Ninja Preneur was chosen as the group name. In a
reason that the word ‘Ninja’ an inspiring figure that has a strong spirit,
skilled and has high morale or enthusiasm to achieve their goal.
In addition, "Preneur" in the capture of the word "entrepreneur"
which has the meaningful philosophy, among others are:
§
An enterprising individual who builds capital through risk and/or
initiative.
§
An entrepreneur who has independent and creative-minded mentality,
in which his mind keeps on working to keep the productivity of his
businesses and keeps on giving revenues.
So, by the combination of the term Ninja (Muslim Ninja) and such
an entrepreneur hopefully the group are able to prepare a group of
individuals who are having strong integrity and a highly dedicated
personality, Never give up and giving inspiration to the world but they are
remain having the character of low self-esteem, helpful to others based on
pure and intentions. (As has been stated the description of NPFG)
The administrators of Ninja Preneur Facebook Group are:
1.
Casofa Fachmy
2.
Mas Tyo
3.
Wahyu Liz Adaideaja
4.
Dwi Setyo Nugroho
5.
Danar Nugh
6.
Insan Agung
7.
Awan BVitara
8.
Siti Musfirotun
9.
Sigied Himawan
2. Language Variety
Everyday people need to socialize and to express in their society,
but it will not be perfect if in their self expression is not accepted or
understood by others, and the communication is a way to do so. Moreover,
with communication, people also learn how to understand the culture,
custom and language differences.
There are many varieties of language that people used in different
occupations or backgrounds. It can have more than one language.
Languages used in accordance with the circumstances of life development.
So, it come language variation. Every social level has a different language.
The higher level has more complex language. In addition, sex, age, status,
and grade result as the variety of languages, those variations are influenced
by the people itself that have creativities to improve the language.
Furthermore, Language variety is usually influenced by three main
factors such as the geographical, social factor, level or educational
background. Geographical factors caused geographical dialect, while the
social factors which associated with social class will caused a social dialect
and educational background will cause a register. (Suwito 1983: 3)
These differences made some linguist did a research of language
variation such as register. There are many explanations about register from
some experts. So, the writer takes some elaboration about register from
several source
s of books and linguists.
B. The Notion of Register
Register is another complicating factor in any study of language
varieties. Registers are sets of language items associated with discrete
occupational or social groups. Surgeons, airline pilots, bank managers,
sales clerks, jazz fans, and pimps employ different registers. Wardaugh
(1986: 48). As Ferguson (1994: 20) says, ‘People participating in recurrent
communication situations tend to develop similar vocabularies, similar
features of intonation, and characteristic bits of syntax and phonology
that they use in
a.
these situations.’ This kind of variety is a register.
The Dimension of Register
There are three dimensions of register such as field, mode, and tenor.
1. Field is concerned with the purpose and subject matters of
communication. It is defined as “the total event, in which the text is
functioning, together with the purposive activity of the speaker or writer;
it thus includes the subject-matter as one element in it.” The field
describes activities and processes that are happening at the time of
speech. The analysis of this parameter focuses on the entire situation,
e.g. when a mother talks to her child.
2.
Mode refers to the means by which communication take a place,
notably, by speech or writing. The function of the text in the event,
including therefore both the channel taken by the language – spoken or
written, extempore or prepared – and its [genre], or rhetorical mode, as
narrative, didactic, persuasive and so on. This variable determines the
role and function of language in a particular situation. When analyzing
the mode of a text, the main question is ‘What is achieved by the use of
language in this context?’ For example, a fairy tale (in written form) may
have a narrative or entertaining function. A spoken conversation can be
argumentative (in a discussion).
3.
Tenor relates to relation between participants. Tenor describes the
people that take part in an event as well as their relationships and
statuses. “The tenor refers to the type of role interaction, the set of
relevant social relations, permanent and temporary, among the
participants involved.” There might be a specific hierarchy between the
interlocutors, e.g. when the head of a business talks to an employee, or
they may have only a temporary relationship, e.g. when a person asks an
unknown pedestrian for the time. All three variables (field, mode, tenor)
taken together enable people to characterize the situational context
specifically, and, thus, to recreate part of the language that is being used
(Halliday 1994, 22)
b. The kinds of Register
a.
Oratorical
Used by professional speakers to attract the listener. It is the formal
language which is used in ceremonies and found in historical
documents or constitution.
b.
Deliberative or formal
Used by the speakers to broader conversation.
c.
Consultative
It is used to make an agreement in commercial transaction. This
diversity of languages is finds in the companies and business meetings.
d. Casual
It is used to omit misunderstanding in communication the
conversation between friends in casual situation, recreation, exercises,
and so forth.
e.
Intimate used in family atmosphere.
It is usually used in conversations of family, spouses, friends. (Chaer
and Leonie, 1995: 22-23)
c.
The Functions of Register
There are seven functions of register:
1. Instrumental. The use of language to communicate preferences,
choices, wants, or needs.
2. Personal. The use of language to express individuality.
3. Social Relationships/Interactional. The use of language to interact and
plan, develops, or maintains a play or group activity.
4. Regulatory. The use of language to control.
5. Representational. The use of language to explain. Conveying
messages, telling about the real world and expressing a proposition.
6. Heuristic. The use of language to find things out, wonder, or
hypothesize.
7. Imaginative. The use of language to create, explore and entertain.
(Halliday 1973: 308)
d.
The Form of Register
1.
Word
Word is an element of language both spoken and written. It
is a part of sentence to express of feeling and thought that used in
conversation.
Example:
a. Agus Imam Santoso posted a status on 16 May 2012 at 11:09pm
Waaaa dapat tanda tangannya mas ndewo
(Wow, I’ve got mas ndewo’s signature)
b. Admirral Sakazuki commented a status on 30 April 2012 at 11:33
am
Km kok ngajarin harakiri sih umm? o.O, kamuh ngestinoh berats
yachh.”
(Uum, why did you teach suicide? You’re very uncertain)
1. Ndewo is the word which often used to comment on something
great when someone posting pictures or words that are
inspiring.
2. Ngestinoh is an expression to show uncertain statement or
something absurd.
2.
Blend
Blending is the process of combining two or more words by
removing certain parts of the word.
Example:
a.
Sigied Himawan posted a status
Ingat ganteng ingat rustam. salam megakill. mari kita eratkan
ukhuwah rustamiyah dgn main dotA. (When you are remember
a handsome person, remember Rustam)
In this case Rustam can be define as Kurus Tampan (slim and
handsome)
b.
Pak Faisal commented on a status
Saya agak sedikit beda pendapat dengan Sigied Himawan yang
di tahun 2009 duta dan dumay ga ada bedanya. (I have a little
bit different opinion with Sigied Himawan. There was no
difference between cyber world and real word in 2009)
In this content ‘Dumay’ stands for dunia maya (cyber space) and
Duta stands for dunia nyata (real world)
3.
Acronym
Acronym is word made up of abbreviation, but the result is
pronounced as word, not a list of letter.
Example:
a. Sigied Himawan posted a status
Ingat ganteng ingat rustam. salam megakill. mari kita eratkan
ukhuwah rustamiyah dgn main dota.
(When you are remembering a handsome person, remember
rustam. Let’s tighten ukhuwah rustamiyah with playing dota)
1.
D
otA refers to defense of the ancient. It is a name of online game in
the internet.
4.
Abbreviation
Abbreviation is the process of shortened form of a word or phrase.
example:
a.
Sigied Himawan posted a status on 24 June 10:06 am
Jadilah TKI yaitu TENAGA KERJA INSPIRATIONAL, be
inspire to inspired, expert not expired.”
(Be TKI, Tenaga Kerja inspirational, be inspire to inspired,
expert not expired)
b.
Doelz El Bacemy on posted a status on 13 June 2012 at 19:55
Wadhuhhh.... g bisa ikutan acara NM-NP nih..... hiks.... hiks...
semoga ada yang merekamnya. (It’s a pity I cannot join the
NM and NP event. May someone have record it)
1. NM stands for Ninja Muslim
2. NP stands for Ninja Preneur
5.
Clipped
Clipped In linguistics, clipping is the word formation process
which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts
(Marchand: 1969). Clipping is also known as truncation or shortening.
D'Zulkarnain Carnot commented status on July 16 at 11:19am
gur koyo og bro...ra popo,,haa. (Just almost similar bro, never mind, it
doesn’t matter)
D'Zulkarnain Carnot used Javanese language to commented. In Bahasa
it can be interpret “Hanya mirip Kak, nggak apa-apa”
Bro is stands for brother.
6.
Code mixing
Code mixing occurs when conversant use both languages
together to the extent that they change from one language to the other
in the course of a single utterance (Wardhaugh, 1986: 103)
Code mixing is a mixing of two codes or languages, without change
the topic. Code mixing often occurs within one sentence, one element
is spoken in language A and the rest in language B.
In addition, code mixing is found mainly in informal
interactions. In formal situation, the
speaker
tends to
mix
it
because there is no exact idiom in that language, so it is necessary to
use words or idioms from other language. (Nababan, 1993:32)
Example:
a. Janoko Wibisono posted a status used Indonesian and Javanese
language mixing on 21 June 2012 01:14 pm
Ninja dan preneur yg blm sukses boleh pake profil racetho...ha ha
ha. (The ninja and preneur who haven’t achieve success are
allowed to used the absurd profile.
1. Racetho is Javanese language. It means dismay or uncertain.
7.
Code Switching
Code-switching is defined as the alternation of two languages
within a single discourse, sentence, or constituent. Intersentential
alternations occur when the switch is made across sentence boundaries
(Grosjean, 1982; Torres, 1989)
Example:
a. Sigied Himawan posted a status on 3 July 2012 02:45pm
If you want to reach the top- find a mentor who lives up there.
artinya kalo ingin berada di puncak ya harus munggah
(If you want to reach the top find a mentor who lives up there it
means you should up to reach the top)
In this case Sigied Himawan was used Bahasa and Javanese to
define.
1.
Artinya kalo ingin berada di puncak ya harus= Bahasa
2.
Munggah (up) = Javanese
1. Register Classification in the Oxford English Dictionary
In the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) the entries are
classified according to the use of an expression in different
language situations. Generally, all entries are classified as
'standard'.
Additionally,
some
expressions
are
categorized
differently according to the particular contexts in which they are
appropriately used. The main register labels in the Oxford
Thesaurus of English (2006) are the following:
a. Informal: normally used only in contexts such as conversations
or letters between friends
b. Vulgar slang: informal language that may cause offence
c. Formal: normally used only in writing such as official
documents
d. Technical: normally used in technical and specialist language,
though not necessarily restricted to any specific field
e. Literary: found only or mainly in literature written in an
‘elevated’ style
f. Dated: no longer used by the majority of English speakers
g. Historical: still used today, but only to refer to some practice or
article that is no longer part of the modern world
h. Humorous: used with the intention of sounding funny or
playful
i.
Archaic: very old-fashioned language, not in ordinary use at all
today
j.
Rare: not in common use. (Oxford Thesaurus of English 2006,
Introduction ix)
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter the writer will explain about research of methodology. It
will be discussed the type of research, method of collecting data and method
of analyzing data. This is a descriptive research. The aim of this study is to
illustrate or describe regarding the terms, words or utterance that used in
NPFG.
A.
Type of Research
In this research the writer was used qualitative approach. Qualitative
research is a type of research which does not include any calculation or
enumeration. It is a research which is the data in the form of written and oral
word is descriptively analyzed. Based on this, the type of study is descriptive,
since the data are not enumerated but they are written and oral words.
(Moleong, 1988:2)
“Qualitative research involves an interpretive and naturalistic
approach. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural
settings, attempting to make sense or to interpret, and phenomena in terms of
the meanings people bring to them” (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000:3)
B. Method of Collecting Data
1. Data Sources
Data is the subject of research itself. It means the target of research and
its context. (Sudaryanto, 1993:9). Data is evidence of truth or falsity a
hypothesis test.
a. Primary Data
Primary data is the data which is obtained from the object of research
directly. It used as the source of information. The writer have been
collected it from the posts on NPFG which are analyzed in the mid of
the year 2012.
b. Secondary Data
Secondary data is the data which is obtained from the informants
or source indirectly. The writer found it in several books and internet.
The findings are including word processes, blending, acronym,
abbreviation, clipped, code mixing and code switching.
c. Technique of Collecting Data
In collecting the data, the writer use observation and interview
techniques.
a. Observation is a technique of collecting data by analyzing the use
of language, both spoken and written and researcher position only
an observer. The writer just watched and recorded without any
direct contact.
Interview technique is acquiring data by doing conversation between the
writer and informants like Sigied Himawan and Insan Agung
b. The writer gives sign of the terms and certain word which is used in
NPFG. Furthermore the writer classifies the data according to the word
formation process. ( Arikunto, 1996:234)
2. Steps of Collecting Data
In collecting data, there are some steps that writer took as follows:
1. Observing the data in NPFG.
2. Finding the terms and words in NPFG.
3. Collecting the terms and words in NPFG.
4. Classifying and giving sign to the certain word in NPFG
5. Using writing technique to analyze the data.
6. Finding the meanings from the informants by making in depth
interview along with NPFG admin
C. Method of Analyzing Data
Analyzing data is to process and review the data which have been
collected in order to get the conclusion of research goals. According
Sudaryanto, There is two kinds of methods analyze the data, padan
(Identity) method and agih (distributional) method. In analyzing data,
the writer used Padan (identity method) pragmatics. Padan (identity
method) is a method of analyzing data whose determining tool (observed
object) occurred outside the language being identified and as the
determining tool is pragmatic (partner of speech or the utter)
D. Steps to Analyze Data
In analyzing data there are some steps that the writer takes as follows:
1. Observes the object research, the new words and terms that created in
NPFG
2. Make a list of the words and classifying words that would be analyzed in
the research.
3. Using some references and books to analyze.
4. Arranging the data into report.
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the writer will analyze about particular register and the
common registers which are used in NPFG. The vocabulary was taken from the
language which is used by Facebooker especially NPFG members. The formation
of words and their meanings are very diverse and depend on the creativity of
members.
1. Word
Word is an element of language both spoken and written. It is a part of
sentence to express of feeling and thought that used in conversation.
NPFG Register
No
Word
Meaning
1.1
Ndewo
Godlike
1.2
Kadir
Ridiculous
1.3
Rustam
A character
1.4
Ngestinoh
Uncertain /dismay
Common Register
1.5
Lebay
Exaggerate
1.6
Galau
Restless
1.7
Ajib
Good
1.8
Beib
Babe
1.9
Hebring
Excited
1.10 Dab
Mas (Javanese)
1.11 Unyu
Funny, cute
1.12 Beudh
An extremely quality
1.13 Gubrak
an expression to describe shocking
condition
1.1
Ndewo
Agus Imam Santoso posted a status
Orang besar bukan orang yang otaknya sempurna tetapi orang yang
mengambil sebaik-baiknya dari otak yang tidak sempurna. Itu namanya
kreativitas yang super ndewo”
(A great man is a man whose brain is not perfect but they are taking the
best of it. It’s called super ndewo creativity)
Ndewo is the word which often used to give comment on
something great when someone posting pictures or words that so
inspiring in NP group. The word ndewo become popular because of an
admin who like play online games, he popularized that word through
comments and postings in NPFG. Ndewo is come from the word dewa,
Javanese said ndewa’. It can be interpret as godlike. It is popular word
among dotA online game to give an attribution to an awesome player.
This word is referential function. It is to give a praise on awesome
something and used to intimate the conversation.
1.2 Kadir
Djamboel Adi commented on a status on April 26 2012 at 4:56pm
Wow pasti kadir banget ki.
(Wow it must very Kadir)
Kadir is the word created by an admin of NPFG. It is the word to
mock friends, commonly used to express something stupid, funny or to
comment on ridiculous posts or statements. This word is often used in to
comments in NPFG. This term refers to a parody of cadre. Actually, this
word is formed to describe ridiculous person but still within the
reasonable limitation. In addition, Kadir is a famous Indonesian
comedian in 80’s. He is very funny with his Madura accent. His silly
joke is very entertaining. So, the word Kadir was taken from the figure
of ridiculous person. This word is imaginative function. It is just to
entertain the people. The kind of this register is intimate. It is usually
used in conversations of family, spouses, and friends. The characteristic
of this word is humorous which is used with the intention of sounding
funny or playful.
1.3 Rustam
Roestam Djadoel commented a status on 25 July 2012 at 9:57 am
“TRITOERA; TRI TOENTOETAN ROESTAM
Berdjoeang hingga tetes Roestam jang penghabisan poen. Rawe-rawe
Roestam, Malang-malang loetoeng.
Roestam - Merdeka ataoe
Roestam..!!.”
(Three Rustam’s demands fight to end of Rustam. Free or rustam).
The
original utterance
is
berjuang
hingga
tetes
darah
penghabisan (fight to the death). Rawe-rawe Roestam, Malang-malang
loetoeng (this utterance is just a parody of the slogan of Rawe rawe
rantas malang-malang putung)
The word Rustam is literally meaningless word but it is
meaningful for particular people such as admin and some members of
NPFG. In fact, Rustam is a character was made by admin of NP group.
He seems really live in the real world. Rustam is a figure that had been
made for a term that contains elements of a breakthrough. Rustam was
created to describe a figure who wants to be understood. This word is
imaginative function. It is only for a joke and entertains. The kind of this
register is intimate and the characteristic of this word is humorous which
is used with the intention of sounding funny or playful.
1.4
Ngestinoh
Insan Agung posted a comment on July 24 at 8:41am
Ngestinoh detected, so must be blocked. (ngestinoh was detected
so it must be blocked)
Ngestinoh is an expression to show uncertainty statement or
something absurd. This word is also created by an admin of NPFG.
Actually, there is no inspiration in making this word. In fact, the word
ngestinoh is the name of kingdom in Javanese puppetry. This word is
imaginative function. It is only for joke and entertains. The kind of this
register is intimate. Normally, it used only in contexts such as
conversations or letters between friends especially the admin and some
member of NPFG.
1.5
Lebay
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed commented a status on April 29 at 2:41pm
Terkadang sulit mbedain orang lebay dan PD
(Sometimes difficult to distinguish between Lebay and confidence
person)
Lebe/lebay comes from the origin word of berlebihan. This is the
hyperbole of the word excessive. This word was popular in 2006, since
Indonesian comedians Ruben Onsu and Olga Syahputra popularized this
word on their television shows. Now this word becomes popular and
often used by teenagers in conversation. Lebay is the feeling of
overestimate regardless of response or considerations from other. Lebay
could mean arrogant, egotistic in giving opinion. They whom called
lebay is usually assume that they are the right one and no one can
change. They are difficult to accept the suggestion from others. Lebay
was derived from the root word of lebih which is read with English
pronunciation ‘I’ become ‘ay’. This is a heuristic function. This word is
to state excessive people. Sometimes some people are wonder why there
is a character like that. The use of this register is to find things out,
wonder, or hypothesize. It is used in informal situation. The
characteristic of this word is vulgar slang. It is informal language that
may cause offence.
1.6
Galau
Ukasah Habiby posted a status on May 04, 2012 at 8:51pm
Pusat galau itu ternyata ada di lampu hijau, maka jika masih
merah, jangan pernah meyakini nyalanya hijau benar-benar bikin
galau. Perjalanan malam yang mengispirasi
(The center of restless is on a green light, if it still red. Do not too
believe that is green because that will make you really upset. The
evening of inspiring trip)
Actually galau is not a slang word. This word was
registered in KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia) as the word to
state a feeling of restless, worried and anxious. Lately, it word
become very popular since and advertising of cellular operator and
a couplet lyric of ‘say no to galau’ by SMASH (an Indonesian boy
band). This word is personal function. It is to state feeling of
indecision and restless. The use of this register is to express
individuality. Actually, the characteristic of this word is literary. It
was found only or mainly in literature written in an ‘elevated’ style
and used in formal situation but this word has shifted into informal
situation.
1.7
Ajib
Sigied Himawan commented a status on 26 Mei at 08:49 pm
Bro, sy dapat lahan di daerah perkotaan sragen, ajib ra? lahan
kosong di tengah kota sragen, dekat kapolres sragen yg punya
Insya Allah siap ditanam gaharu, kalo ada waktu inspeksi ke sana
(Bro, I get a land in downtown of Sragen near the police station.
The owner permits for planting gaharu. If we have free time, let’s
go there)
Ajib is shortened word from ajaib. Ajib and Ajaib has the same
root, it is the plural of Ajibah (Arabic) which is means fantastic or
awesome things and it could be define as synonym of good, steady or
stable. Furthermore, ajib is word to express feelings extraordinary,
sometimes used to describe how delicious of food. The function of this
word is imaginative. The used of this word is to entertain. The kind of
this word is intimate and the characteristic is rare. It is not in common
use.
1.8
Beib
Sigied Himawan posted a status on May 23, 2012 at 9:25am
Barangsiapa yang di puji oleh manusia, padahal pujian itu tidak
benar ada pada dirinya. Maka kita harus menangis dan malu sama
ALLAH. Taklim last night Rustam beib
(Whoever is praised by human, whereas that praise is not true on
Him. So, we should cry and embarrassed in Allah. Rustam Islamic
lesson last night beib)
Beib or babe is a call for boyfriend, a spouse or close
friend. It is an informal word to express an affection of sweetheart
or dear. This is used as a term of endearment. It is imaginative
function. The kind of this word is intimate which is usually used in
family atmosphere to intimate a conversation. The characteristic of
this word is humorous which is used with the intention of sounding
funny or playful.
1.9
Hebring
Danar Nugh commented on a status 22 Mei 2012 at 08:57am
Uwaaa mbak Ukasah Habiby hebring tenan ogh.(Ukasah habiby,
you’re so excited)
The word hebring was became popular word because the
characters' played by the late Indonesian actress Ida Kusumah in
80’s as Mrs. Hebring. Hebring is derives from Sundanese language
which is means excited and great. This kind of register is heuristic.
The characteristic of this word is archaic. It is very old-fashioned
language, not in ordinary use at all today.
1.10
Dab
Wahyu Liz Adaideaja posted a status on January 23, 2012 at 6:45pm
Lebih banyak bersyukur daripada mengeluh, simpel wae dab.
Cobalah jal. (You should more thankful rather than complain.
Just simple dab. Try It)
Dab is greeting word for Yogjanese men. Actually, this parody is
come from the word Mas a greeting word for Javanese man. This
word is to greet male friends, classmates or someone close. This is a
unique Yogya greeting which is use in the mid 90's along with the
word Dagadu (Matamu). These formation words are based on Java
script by skipping two lines for each character. The function of this
register is imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The
characteristic of this word is rare. It is not in common use but still used
today for particular people in Yogya.
1.11 Unyu
Insan Agung commented a status on May 10, 2012 at 5:24pm
Kalo Rustam itu pake jurus "Kage Bunshin No Jutsu".Banyak
akun tapi karakternya sama, absurd, yang masalah itu kalo akun
banyak dengan karakter beda-beda.. satu wajah buat gaul sama
junkies, satu wajah buat gaul sama punk, satu wajah gaul buat
ke-akhi-an, satu wajah yg lain buat gaul unyu-unyu, yang lain
buat alay-alay'an.. ini banyak wajah. Takutnya jadi Dasamuka :D
(Rustam is taking stance of "Kage Bunshin No Jutsu”. Although,
he had many Facebook accounts but have the same character. It
will be a problem when he has many accounts with various
characters. One account to get in with junkies, another one to get
in punk, and other one as if pious men character the last one to
unyu-unyu and alay-alay. That’s called Dasamuka).
Unyu is the word that popular in the mid of 2010 through social
network twitter. This word was taken from the words that are common
in Japanese comics. In addition, this word often used to express
something is funny, cute and adorable. Other source state that unyu is
derived from English word "You and Why You" which was shortened
unyu. Why not yawy?. It is because you can be replaced by letter ‘U’,
and can be replaced by letter‘N’, why can be replaced by letter ‘Y’. This
word has an imaginative function. The kind of this register is intimate.
The characteristic of this word is humorous. It is used with the intention
of sounding funny or playful
1.12 Beudh
Abu Farros posted a comment on September٢٢ ،٢٠١١ at٢:٢٠ pm
Sigied , kadirmu juga sangat maksimal. Ngeri beudh
(Sigied, your ridiculous is also too maximal. So horrible)
Beudh is a parody of the original word banget or sangat. It
is the word to state an extremely quality. This word was popularize
by teenagers trough the social network and their communities. The
function of this register is imaginative. The kind of this word is
intimate and the characteristic of this word is humorous. It is used
with the intention of sounding funny or playful.
1.13 Gubrak
Pandu Subroto commented on a status on March 15 2012 at 9:30pm
gubrak haha ane kirim yg bnyk deh gmbrnya klo ntu hehe
(I will send a lot of picture to you)
Gubrak is an expression to describe shocking condition.
Sometimes used in Japanese anime, to describe the characters
which suddenly fall but in real, it could be practiced with gesture
raised to the top then falls back. The function of this register is
imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The
characteristic of this word is humorous. It is used with the intention
of sounding funny or playful.
2. Blending words
Blending is the process of combining two or more words by removing
certain parts of the word.
NPFG Register
Meaning
No
Blend
Bahasa
2.1
Ahok
Agus hokage
2.2
Rustam
Kurus Tampan
English
Slim - Handsome
Common Register
2.1
2.3
Gaje
Gak jelas
Uncertain
2.4
Jadul
Jaman dulu
Past
2.5
Ilfil
Ilang feeling
Loss of sense
2.6
Alay
Anak layangan
Kite boy
2.7
Maho
Manusia homo
Homosexual guy
2.8
Dumay
Dunia maya
Cyber space
2.9
Duta
Dunia nyata
Real world
AHOK
Agus Imam Santoso posted a status on July 12, 2012 at 3:37pm
Mari hadapi debat dengan gaya kumat agar selalu sehat dan tetep
semangat, demikian yg dikatakan oleh saya sebagai AHOK (Agus
HOKage). (Let's face the debate with recurrent style to keep
healthy and spirit that’s I said as AHOK (Agus Hokage))
As stated in chapter II, that blending word is the process of
combining two or more words by removing certain parts of the word. In
this case, there is a member who called as Ahok. He is a main admin of
Ninja Muslim group, his name was Agus Imam Santoso. Ahok became
popular among the Ninja Preneur member because of the candidate
Jokowi and Basuki Tjahja Purnama (Ahok) in the election of DKI
Jakarta in the mid of 2012. Therefore, some members called him as
Ahok. Ahok is stand for Agus Hokage. The function of this register is
imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. It is humorous
characteristic which is used with the intention of sounding funny or
playful.
2.2 Rustam
Rustam Hidayat posted a status on July 25 at 9:57 am
Pernahkah kamoe kamoe merasa begitu rustam dalam hidup moe?
coba kita tanya De Buya, Rustam Roestam Djadoel dan Sigied
Himawan. (Do you ever feel so rustam in your life? Let’s ask to De
Buya, Rustam, Roestam Djadoel dan Sigied Himawan)
Rustam stand for kurus tampan and rush time. Rustam in blending
word is rather different from rustam as the word. It depends on each
person to make an abbreviation of Rustam or rush time. The function of
this register is imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The
characteristic of this word is humorous. It used with the intention of
sounding funny or playful.
2.3 Gaje
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed updated a status on April 09:59pm
Masih ngaji tapi jarang. Yang sering berpikir tentang peng-gaji-an
agak gaje gitu J . (I still learning religious knowledge. Who often
think about penggajian, is rather gaje)
Gaje, geje, or GJ is the acronym of Gak Jelas. Gak is from the
original word of nggak or tidak. It is a word to state of denial. Jelas is
the word to state an obvious and clear statement. So, the shortened of
Gaje is used to express a vague or uncertain statement. The function of
this register is imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The
characteristic of this word is vulgar slang. It is informal language that
may cause offence.
2.4 Jadul
Insan Agung posted a comment on May 30 at 5:25pm
Namanya juga jadul... mestinya sudah temuwo... barang lawas
(Jadul is an old classic item. It is definitely mature)
Jadul stands for Jaman dulu or the past. The shortened of word
just to make the usage of sentence more effective. The function of this
register is imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The
characteristic of this word is humorous. It used with the intention of
sounding funny or playful.
2.5 Ilfil
Agus Imam Santoso commented a status on 27April2012 at 7:38 am
Yang Mood sedang illfiil kayaknya dengan ciduk.
(Yang Mood seems loss of sense with ciduk)
Ilfil stand for ilang feeling. The original word of ilang is hilang
(lose). It means disappeared or invisible. Feeling is a possessing great
sensibility, easily affected or moved as a feeling of heart. So, ilang
feeling could define loss of sense. The function of this register is
imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The characteristic of
this word is vulgar slang. It is informal language that may cause offence.
2.6 Alay
Sigied Himawan commented on a status July 12 at 11:12am
Endah Here makaciiii, iyach padahal rambut saya kan gak se-alay
itu. (Thanks Endah Here, that’s right my hair didn’t too alay like
that)
Alay is stands for anak layangan. This term is to describe someone
who pretends to cool in fashion, music and appearance. Alay means “A
village boy”. It is describe the character of a child with red hair and
blackened skin because of flying kites. Alay is a word formation process
from the mixture of parody and acronym. Alay is a parody of ‘dorky
boy’. Furthermore anak layangan was formed into an acronym Alay.
The function of this register is imaginative and the kind of this word is
intimate. The characteristic of this word is vulgar slang. It is informal
language that may cause offence.
2.7 Maho
Sigied Himawan posted a comment on 3 May 2012, 05:45 pm.
ayamsoryyy kita bukan maho tp mahu. (I’m sorry we are not maho but
mahu)
Maho stands for manusia homosexual. In the lounge of KasKus
(the largest Indonesian community site) there was a guy with account
name AppleBread ke4. He was very attractive because he always put in a
word Maho in every post around 2008. Each post was often given
pertamax (the first person who gives comment). All over the time that
word became popular among KasKuser (the user of KasKus) to state the
men who have abnormal sexuality. The function of this register is
imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The characteristic of
this word is vulgar slang. It is informal language that may cause offence.
2.8 Dumay and
2.9 Duta
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed posted a status on 4 May 2012 at 9:41 am
Saya agak sedikit beda pendapat dengan Sigied Himawan yang di
tahun 2009 duta dan dumay ga ada bedanya.
(I have a little bit different opinion with Sigied Himawan. There
was no difference between cyber world and real word in 2009)
Dumay stands for Dunia maya (cyberspace)
Duta stands for dunia nyata (real world)
Dumay is the electronic media of computer networks that are
widely used for one-way communication. This virtual world is an
integration of various tools of communication and computer network
technologies) that connects to communications equipment (computers,
mobile phones, electronic instrumentation, etc.) and it is spread over
worldwide. While, Duta is the world the people live in. A place where
people doing daily activities in real life. The function of this register is
imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The characteristic of
this word is Informal. Normally, used only in contexts such as
conversations or letters between friends.
3. Acronym
Acronym is word made up of abbreviation, but the result is pronounced as
word, not a list of letter.
Common Register
Meaning
No
Acronym
Bahasa
3.1
Cipika-cipiki
English
Cium pipi kanan Kissing right
cium pipi kiri
cheek, kissing left
cheek
3.2
Madesu
Masa depan suram Bleak future.
3.1 Cipika-cipiki
Sigied Himawan posted a comment on 4 May 2012, 08:26 pm
Mas Insan kita gathering yukss, sambil cipika-cipiki dan unyu
unyu bareng. (Mas Insan, let’s have gathering, then cipika-cipika
and unyu-unyu together)
Cipika-cipiki is cium pipi kanan, cium pipi kiri. Kissing right
cheek, kissing left cheek. Cipika-cipiki stands for cium pipi kanan
cium pipi kiri. It is a behavior of kissing the right and left cheek among
Indonesian people when they met with their close friend in a wedding,
meeting or just to congratulate their friend in graduation. The function
of this register is imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The
characteristic of this word is humorous. It used with the intention of
sounding funny or playful.
3.2
Madesu
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed commented a status on April 30, 2012 at 11 pm
pengangguran intelektual=madesu and medusa?:)
(An intellectual jobless = madesu ora medusa)
Madesu stands for masa depan suram. This word is to express
them whom drop out from school and those who do not have the effort
to increase their quality life and spirit. Madesu is also to refer to those
who fail in life. The function of this register is imaginative and the kind
of this word is intimate. The characteristic of this word is vulgar slang. It
is informal language that may cause offense.
4. Abbreviation
NPFG Register
No
Abbreviation
Meaning
4.1
DNMPS
Dompet Ninja Muslim peduli Sesama
4.2
NP
Ninja Preneur
4.3
NM
Ninja Muslim
Common Register
4.1
4.4
Btw
By the way
4.5
Otw
On the way
4.6
OMG
Oh My God
DNMPS
Agus Imam Santoso posted a status July 28, 2012 at 6.19: am
Bismillah, berdasarkan keputusan RAPAT ADMIN NM semalam.
Memutuskan bahwa dompet DNMPS dalam waktu dekat ini
akanmengadakan follow up kepada 2 ukhti penderita kanker tulang
belakang yg dulu pada tgl 24 April 2012 pernah kami datangi
(Bismillah, the result of meeting last night. NM ADMIN decided
that the wallet of DNMPS will hold a follow up to both women
with spinal cancer who have visited on April 24, 2012)
DNMPS is a program that was initiated by the NM group, but also
involves NPFG members. This program is aimed to those who have a
chronic diseases and poor families. The function of this word is Social
Relationships/Interactional. The use of language to interact and plan,
develops, or maintains a play or group activity. The kind of this word is
consultative. The characteristic of this word is formal. Normally, it is
used only in writing such as official documents.
4.2 NP
Indah here posted a status on may 17, 2012 at 8:47am
Bismillah, Hanya sekedar usulan, Bagaimana untuk kedepannya
NP mengadakan semacam kegiatan sosial bersama-sama. Jadi,
tidak sekedar forum aja tapi sedikit berbagi manfaat dengan
sesama..... pasti menyenangkan .
(Bismillah, it is just a suggestion how if NP held social activities. So, NP
is not only a forum but also a media to share the benefits with others. I
think it would be nice.)
NP stands for Ninja Preneur. It is the group to sharing the
knowledge of entrepreneurship. In addition, this group is also the forum
that dedicated to who that have potential to be an entrepreneur. The kind
of this word is consultative. The characteristic of this word is formal.
Normally, it is used only in writing such as official documents. The
function is representational. The use of language to explain conveying
messages, telling about the real world and expressing a proposition.
4.3
NM
Pandu Subroto commented a status about durable hamburger for several
years. Why it does not expire for a long time on 28 April 2012 at 9:09am
“Wah ayo bikin rame2 bisa jd sumber keuangan NP dan
admin2nya thow, dgn suntikan dana pinjaman tanpa bunga dr
juragan gaharu bisalah..hahaha kan nama NP n NM dah
menggelora neh di seantero FB bisa dmanfaatkan namanya
hehe”
(Let’s make it together. It will be admins’ financial resource. The
funding from gaharu boss will facilitate the business)
NM stands for Ninja Muslim. It was state in chapter II. Ninja
Muslim is part group of Ninja Muslim, the older group that has about
16,000 members. It is a group of people who like ninja character or
Japanese character. Actually this group made to have gathering and
sharing Islamic issues. The kind of this word is consultative. The
characteristic of this word is formal. Normally, it is used only in writing
such as official documents. The function is representational. The use of
language to explain, conveying messages, telling about the real world
and expressing a proposition.
4.4
Btw
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed commented a atatus on April 29 2012 at 9:16pm
btw, komentar2 mas Andy Uygar sastra banget saya harus
mikir untuk menjawabnya. (Mas Andy Uygar, your comments are
so literary. I must think over to answer it)
Btw means by the way. It is mostly used as a shortcut in
Social network conversation or texting in short message. This word is
usually used to make the long statement more effectively and simple.
The function of this register is imaginative and the kind of this word is
intimate. The characteristic of this word is formal. Normally, it is used
only in writing such as official documents. The function is
representational. The use of language to explain, conveying messages,
telling about the real world and expressing a proposition.
4.5
Otw
Ini Budi Saputra commented on a status July 6 at 2:55pm
Bengi kapan?ki aq otw suroboyo nda.tp sesuk muleh. (When? In
otw to Surabaya but tomorrow I go home
Otw is an abbreviation which is use to shorten On the Way. This
word is to state that someone is on the way to a place. It is used in sending
sms, commented on facebook, or other social network and also in daily
conversations. Not only teenagers who use this word but almost people
who know the meaning use it. The function of this register is imaginative
and the kind of this word is intimate. The characteristic of this word is
humorous. It is used with the intention of sounding funny or playful.
4.6
OMG
Aslam El-Hasany commented a status on June 11 2012 at 5:43am
yakin Ukasah Habiby mau dateng?
(OMG, are you sure that Ukasah Habiby will come?)
In Aslam El-Hasany’s comment. He seems doubt that Ukasah Habiby
will come to an event which is in his presumption that Ukasah would not
come. So, in order to express the feeling surprise he said OMG. OMG
stands for Oh My Gosh or Oh My God. This word is an abbreviation
which is used by teenagers and teens when they text message, email, chat
online, or communicate verbally or through written form. OMG became
popular since early 2000's. On the Indonesia Yahoo site, OMG used to
name the channel for news and entertainment celebrities. The function of
this register is imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The
characteristic of this word is humorous. It is used with the intention of
sounding funny or playful.
4.7
OL
Salim Saja commented a status on May 25 2012 at 1:24am
Mas Tyo....isih ol? (Mas Tyo, do you still OL?)
Salim Saja asks to Mas Tyo in Javanese language whether he is still ol or
not. OL stands for online. Online is the condition of being connected to a
network of computers or other devices. The term is frequently used to
describe someone who is currently connected to the Internet to browsing
or chatting. The function of this register is imaginative and the kind of this
word is intimate. The characteristic of this word is humorous. It is used
with the intention of sounding funny or playful.
5.
Clipped
Common Register
Meaning
No
Clipped
Bahasa
5.1
English
5.1
Bro
Kak
Brother
5.2
Hok
Ketua
Leader
5.3
Jend
Jendral
General
Bro
D'Zulkarnain Carnot commented status on July 16 at 11:19am
gur koyo og bro...ra popo,,haa. (Just almost similar bro, never
mind, it doesn’t matter)
D'Zulkarnain Carnot used Javanese language to commented. In Bahasa
it can be interpret “Hanya mirip Kak, nggak apa-apa”
Bro is the shortened from the original word brother. It means a man or
boy in relation to other sons and daughters of the parents. Bro is not only
used to call a male sibling. The one related to another by common ties or
interests. This called just to make intimate atmosphere. The function of
this register is imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The
characteristic of this word is humorous. It is used with the intention of
sounding funny or playful.
5.2
Hok
Pandu Subroto commented on a status on July 13 at 9:05am
plus dibagi buat suriah ma myanmar gan hok
(And distribute for Suriah and Myanmar Hok)
Hok is shortened from the original word of Hokage. Hokage is a
word that contained in famous anime comic of Naruto. Hokage is to
describe as a highest and strongest ninja in Konoha village. The Hokage is
the official military leader of the hidden leaf village, with the "ho" being a
leaf village only prefix, like how kazi in kazikage is a sand village only
prefix. Kage is the core word that simply means shadow, as true ninjas are
deadly shadows in the purest sense. Kages are ninja leaders that rule the
hidden villages that are in charge of protecting their villages and
maintaining
military
(as
well
as
economical)
balance
through
missions/assassinations/alliances/peace treaties and the like. In NPFG the
person who called Hokage is Agus Imam Santoso. He is the founder of
Ninja Muslim Facebook Group. The function of this register is
imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The characteristic of this
word is humorous. It is used with the intention of sounding funny or
playful.
5.3
Jend
Casofa Fachmy commented a status on April 29 at 2:31pm
mit en grid’e wingi konklusine opo jend? dishare dong jend
(what is the conclusion of meet and greet yesterday Jend?)
Jend is a shortened word from jenderal. Jenderal or general is the figure
that affecting or characteristic of the majority of those involved. Jenderal
have several interpretations in various field. It could mean the rank of
police officer which is includes general of police, commissioner general of
police, inspector general of police, and police brigadier general. In
organization jenderal could be define as the most influential person. In
NPFG, the person who called Jenderal is Zatoichi Fay Ahmed. He is a
member who always giving contribution in NPFG actively. The function
of this register is imaginative and the kind of this word is intimate. The
characteristic of this word is humorous. It is used with the intention of
sounding funny or playful.
6. Code switching
In this case, a member from Malaysia post cute cats emoticon
picture. Previously, there was a comment, but it does not too important.
Afterwards another member named Zatoichi Fay Ahmad gives comments
that are unrelated to the post. He tried to talk with Malay. Therefore, this
case caused code switching.
NPFG Register
Meaning
No
Word
Indonesian
English
6.1
Saye
Saya
I
6.2
Mahu
Mau/ ingin
Would like to
6.3
Nak
Ingin
Would like to
6.4
Sikik-sikik
Sedikit-sedikit
Little by little
6.5
Boley
Bisa
Could
6.6
Jer
Saja
Only/just
6.7
Ngan
Dengan
With
6.8
Rupanyer
Rupanya/ternyata
Apparently
6.9
Berbeza
Berbeda
Different
6.10
Takde
Tidak ada
Have no
6.11
Lar
Lah
6.12
Senarai
Tautan
Link
6.13
Berpusing- pusing
Berputar-putar
Spin (adj),
-
tour
(verb)
6.14
Masa
Waktu
Time
6.15
Jom
Ayo
Let’s/ Come on
6.16
Bertungkus lumus
Giat /aktif
Active
The description of conversation:
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed
: Saye6.1 mahu6.2 nak6.3 cakap dengan bahasa
malaysia dengan Awan BVitara sikiksikik.6.4 saye boleh?
(May I talk with Awan BVitara a little bit in
Malaysia?) 17 July 2012 at 01:38 pm
Awan BVitara
: Zatoichi Fay Ahmed..boley.6.5 jer6.6 nak ckp
BM ngan6.7 Awan BVitara O_O
(It’s okay Zatoichi Fay Ahmed, do you want
to talk by using BM
Awan BVitara
: Pak Paizal Solo rupanyerrrr6.8....baru tau
(Apparently, Zatoichi Fay Ahmad is Pak
Paizal Solo right?) ....17 July at 01:46 pm
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed
: Hi hi Zaotichi Fay and Pak Faizal Solo tak
berbeza6.9. 17 July at 01:47 pm
(Zatoichi fay and Pak Faizal Solo there is
no difference)
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed
: Saye takde6.10 BM adanya YM
faizrisd@yahoo.com. 17 July at
01:47pm
(I don’t have BM but I have YM
faizrisd@yahoo.com)
Awan BVitara
: apa2 je lar6.11 awan x kisah..janji...fhm :) 17
July, 01:48pm
(It doesn’t matter, I will tell you next
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed
: Awan BVitara apa awak ada semacam
senarai6.12 atau websites belajar cakap
malaysia.nanti saye berpusing-pusing6.13
visiting those websites jika ada free time :)
17 July at 01:50pm
(Do you have a link or website to learning
Malaysia? I want to visit those website if
have free time)
Awan BVitara
: InsyaAllah...jika ada masa6.14.sy akn cari
17 July, 01:53pm
(InsyaAllah, if I have free time, I will
search)
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed
: Awan BVitara; saye lupa JER=AYO/YUK
dalam bahasa Indonesia ya? 17 July at
01:55 pm
(Awan BVitara, I forget, does the word jer is
‘come on’ in Bahasa?
Awan BVitara
: bukan jer=aja...yuk=jom6.15. 17 July at
01:57pm
(Jer means just…jom means come on)
Zatoichi Fay Ahmed
: wew awesome LIHAT JER=LIHAT AJA. :D
nampakny saye harus bertungkus lumus6.16
dalam mempelajari bahasa dari negeri
jiran.
(Wow, it’s awesome. I should learn Malay
actively but it is lots of fun) 17 July 4:00pm
Awan BVitara
: Bahasa pasar/slang di Malaysia sering
berubah2...mengikut masa..dan di setiap
negeri pula..ada loghat/ slang yg
tersendiri....Malaysia
ada 14 buah negeri yg kecil2 tapi masing2
punya slang tersendiri.
(The market language or slang in Malaysia
always changes every time and each nation
has their own accent. Malaysia was divided
into 14 nations and they have own language.
7. Code mixing
Code mixing occurs when conversant use both languages together
to the extent that they change from one language to the other in the course
of a single utterance (Wardhaugh, 1986: 103)
Agus Imam Santoso posted a status used Indonesian, Javanese and English
language on 18 June 2012, 07.01pm
Beginilah kalau Sigied Himawan in action tanpa babibu di depan
audience praktek jurus NGEMOOD MIX dan NDILAT MIX seperti
yg diajarkan sensei Ukasah Habiby lihatlah ekspresi kedua pemateri
saat ciduk beraksi tapi all out awesome dude... saya bangga dan
puas menjadi sponsornya hahahahahahahahaha”. 18 June 2012,
07.01pm(In front of the audience. Here it is when Sigied Himawan in
action, he was practiced the stance of lick and suck microphone. It is
like taught by sensei Ukasah Habiby Look at the expression of both
speakers when ‘dipper’ in action But all out awesome dude ... I am
proud and pleased to be your sponsor. Hahahahahahahahaha)
The interestingness of this utterance within the use of Bahasa there is
a code switching of Javanese and English.
2. Ndilat, Ngemood or ngemut = Javanese (It means to lick and to
suck)
3. All out awesome dude = English
CHAPTER V
CLOSURE
A. Conclusion
Chapters V contains the conclusion and suggestion based on the
research that was conducted by the writer in the formation process of
registers and terms which were used in NPFG. The register of NPFG is the
one of slang language which has various vocabularies with different
structure. The conclusions of this research are:
1. The writer found several NPFG registers such as word, blend, clipped,
acronym, abbreviation, code switching, and code mixing forms.
2. The writer found many new terms and registers were used in
conversation among members of NPFG such as ndewo, kadir,
ngestinoh etc. That new words were made only for joking. Those new
terms were not only from the members but also had been popular
among Indonesian teenager or common register like lebay, alay, unyu
and etc. The emergence of those registers in order to hide the meaning
from most people and sometimes just for fun because of boredom used
the standard language. Almost the words are imaginative function. The
use those words just for fun and entertain.
B. Suggestion
The writer hopes this research can provide a clear description
regarding the formation words of register and terms in NPFG group.
Moreover, this writing will provide ideas for students who will conduct
further research of the same topic. The arrangement of this writing is still
not perfect, but the writer hopes in the future there is better explanation of
register in various field and this graduating paper could be an inspiration
to the readers, especially for they who want to analyze in word formation
process.
REFERENCES
Chaer, Abdul and Agus na Leoni 1995. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan awal, Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta
Denzin N. and Lincoln Y. (Eds.) (2000). Handbook of Qualita ve Research.
London: Sage Publication Inc.
Halliday, M.A.K. dan Ruqaiya Hasan. 1992. Bahasa, Konteks, dan
Teks:
Aspek-Aspek Bahasa dalam Pandangan Semantik. Yogyakarta : Gadjah
Mada University Press.
Halliday, Michael A.K. and Ruqaiya Hasan (1994). Cohesion in English. London:
Longman.
Halliday, Michael A.K 1973. Explorations in the Functions of Language. London:
Arnold. (Explorations in Language Study Series)
Holmes, Janet. 1995. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Longman
Press
Moleong, J Jexy. 1991. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja
Rosdakarya/
Oxford thesaurus of English (2006). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sudaryanto. 1993. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisa Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta
Wacana University Press
Suharsini, Arikunto. 1988. Metode Penelitiaan Kualitatif, Suatu Pendekatan
Praktek, Jakarta: Bina Aksara
Suwito. 1983. Pengantar Awal Sosiolinguistik: teori dan problema, Surakarta:
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Wardaugh, Ronald. 1986. An introduction to sociolinguistic. Oxford: Blackwell
Webster. 2004. The New Lexicon Webster’s Dictionary of English Language.
Danbury: Lexicon Publication. Inc
Related Sources
http:/kamusslang.com
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/online
www.wikipedia.org
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name
: Aditya Meilia Fitri Rahmawati
Place and Date of Birth
: Kab. Semarang, May 14, 1988
Address
: Gedanganak 03/01, Ungaran Timur, Semarang,
50519, Jawa Tengah
Educational Background
: 1. Roudhotul Athfal Gedanganak 1994 - 1995
2. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Gedanganak 1995 - 2000
3. YPII Ma’had Al-Zaytun 2000 - 2006
4. STAIN Salatiga 2008 - 2012