ARL Laser Processing Open House

Newsletter
2 0 1 1 No. 3
iMAST
Institute for Manufacturing and Sustainment Technologies
IN THIS ISSUE
Feature Article
Focus on Manufacturing Systems
Preservation of 688 Class
Normal Fuel Oil Tanks
Program Update
Calendar of Events
ADMINISTRATOR’S CORNER
I’m stepping in for Tim Bair this iteration
as he enjoys some well-earned vacation
time, in addition to business travel
commitments that are keeping him on
the road.
The past couple
of months have
been both busy
and eventful for
iMAST, as you’ll
see in the “Institute
Notes” section of
this newsletter. We Gregory J. Johnson
have just completed a comprehensive
program review as part of a visit by the
Joint Defense Manufacturing Technology
Panel (JDMTP). We are now turning our
focus towards our primary event which
is the annual Defense Manufacturing
Conference (DMC), which will be held
in Anaheim, California (28 November
through 1 December). If you have not
had a previous opportunity to attend
this event, I think you will find it worth
visiting, especially if you are located on
the west coast. For more information visit
<http://dmc2011.com/>.
ARL Laser Processing Open House
The Applied Research Laboratory’s Laser
Processing Division, a premier U.S. Navy
sponsored leading-edge applied laser research
laboratory, will host an Open House 12
October 2011 in State College, PA on Penn
State’s University Park campus. This event will
provide an opportunity to showcase the newly
renovated laser processing facility, in addition
to providing a forum on recent advances in
laser processing technologies. The event will
include optional tutorial sessions on laser
material processing, presentations highlighting
the development and application of advanced
laser processing technology, as well as tours
and demonstrations, which will include laser
deposition for additive manufacturing and
portable repair, hybrid laser arc welding, and
micro-processing. Ms. Agnes Klucha, an
engineer at Pratt & Whitney’s Engineering
Integrated Solutions Group, will be a keynote
speaker addressing Additive Manufacturing.
The Open House will be followed by a
meeting of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the
Laser Institute of America (LIA). LIA is an
international professional society chartered to
foster laser safety and applications world-wide.
Industry leaders present fundamental
perspectives on ultra-short laser processing,
advances in beam delivery optics, as well as
laser technologies in the photovoltaic industry.
For more information on the Open House
please visit <http://www.arl.psu.edu/
laserprocessing.htm> or contact Dr. Rich
Martukanitz at (814) 863-7282, or by e-mail
at <rxm44@arl.psu.edu>.
If laser technologies are important to you, then
you will not want to miss these two events!
Continued on Page 2
A U.S. Navy Manufacturing Technology Center of Excellence
Dist rib ution Statem en t A : App rove d f o r p u bl i c re l e a se ; d i s t r i b ut i o n un li m i t ed .
2 0 1 1 No. 3 i MA S T Ne ws let t er 1
ADMINISTRATOR’S CORNER
Applied Research Laboratory
Institute for Manufacturing and
Sustainment Technologies
DIRECTOR, iMAST &
NAVY/MARINE CORPS REPAIR
TECHNOLOGIES
Timothy D. Bair
(814) 863-3880 tdb14@arl.psu.edu
MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
Timothy J. Eden, Ph.D.
(814) 865-5880 tje1@arl.psu.edu
LASER PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
Richard P. Martukanitz, Ph.D.
(814) 863-7282 rxm44@arl.psu.edu
COMPOSITES MATERIALS
TECHNOLOGIES
Kevin L. Koudela, Ph.D.
(814) 863-4351 klk121@arl.psu.edu
MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES
Mark T. Traband, Ph.D.
(814) 865-3608 mtt1@arl.psu.edu
SYSTEMS OPERATIONS AND AUTOMATION/
COMPLEX SYSTEMS MONITORING
Eddie C. Crow
(814) 863-9887 ecc1@arl.psu.edu
DRIVETRAIN TECHNOLOGIES
Suren Rao, Ph.D.
(814) 865-3537 sbr1@arl.psu.edu
iMAST ADMINISTRATION and EDITOR
Gregory J. Johnson
(814) 865-8207 gjj1@arl.psu.edu
RESEARCH COORDINATOR
Brenda E. Kephart
(814) 865-3264 bew3@arl.psu.edu
As was mentioned in the last newsletter,
we are gravitating towards the electronic
medium. Although we will maintain hard
copies for those who prefer it (for various
understandable reasons), we encourage you
to enter the cyberspace arena. Doing so will
cut expenses and provide a more efficient and
timely means of communicating our activities
to you. If you interested in supporting this
transition, please send a note to Ms. Brenda
Kephart <bew3@psu.edu> noting “Add me to
Electronic iMAST Newsletter” or “Keep me
on Hard Copy iMAST Newsletter” Please be
sure your name and company are noted in
order to help us update our master files. If we
do not hear from you we will assume that those
of you on the hard copy mailing list are no
longer interested in receiving our newsletter.
Accordingly, you will be deleted. Challenging
fiscal times demand we exploit the electronic
medium to the maximum extent possible.
We will indeed continue to send you hard
copy version of the newsletter, but you need
to request it. Also be mindful that all of our
current and previous newsletters, and annual
reports, are posted on our web site <www.
arl.psu.edu> (search “iMAST Newsletters”).
To this end, we are doing our best to serve
you while continuing to make sure iMAST
remains an all-around cost-effective resource
for the U.S. Navy and the DoD.
In this issue our feature article addresses
an (understandably) overlooked challenge
facing the Navy. Maintenance and repair of
shipboard tanks and voids presents huge costs
to the Navy. Our feature article discusses the
innovative efforts Mr. Charles Tricou is using
to address the current challenges fuel tanks (in
particular) present the Navy. Mr. Tricou is well
known and respected throughout the naval
service maintenance and repair community.
Navy and Marine Corps operations and
service (O&S) costs are significant. Viable
repair solutions contribute to an on-going
emphasis on Reduced Total Ownership Costs
(RTOC). Every viable repair technology
solution iMAST is able to contribute brings
a high return on the investment (ROI) to the
Navy-Marine Corps Team’s O&S bottom
line. Please contact Mr. Tricou if you have
any questions or issues related to his current
activity or related subject matters.
As I look at the calendar I am amazed at how
fast time seems to be flying by. Don’t forget
to consider our upcoming Laser Processing
Open House event, noted on our cover page,
as well as the DMC event in late November.
Also, please don’t hesitate to contact Tim Bair
if you have any questions or issues you’d like
to discuss with him. You are also welcome
to contact our principal project investigators
(PIs) directly.
Greg Johnson
WORLD WIDE WEB
www.arl.psu.edu/capabilities/mm_imast.html
NAVY PROGRAM MANAGER
Greg Woods
(703) 696-4788 gregory.woods1@navy.mil
©2011. The iMAST quarterly newsletter is published by the
Institute for Manufacturing and Sustainment Technologies of
the Applied Research Laboratory at Penn State, University
Park, Pa. iMAST is sponsored by the U.S. Navy Manufacturing
Technology (ManTech) Program, Office of Naval Research,
under Navy Contract N00024-02-D-6604. Any opinions,
findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed within
are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views
of the U.S. Navy. Send mail list requests or address corrections
to: iMAST Administrator, ARL Penn State, P.O. Box 30, State
College, PA 16804-0030 or e-mail: bew3@arl.psu.edu.
Parcel delivery address (UPS, FedEx, USPS):
N. Atherton St. Rear; Research Building West,
State College, PA
16804
PROFILE
Charles Tricou is an Associate Research Engineer at ARL
Penn State. Mr. Tricou manages projects involving paint
application and removal for maintenance and repair of DoD
assets, and new construction in shipbuilding. His current
projects include development of high transfer efficiency
painting processes, development of long-life nonskid flight
deck coating systems, and UHP waterjet surface preparation
and cleaning equipment.
Mr. Tricou earned a B.S. in engineering science and mechanics, and an M.S.
in theoretical and applied mechanics at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, where he studied material design and analysis, with a minor in
computer applications. Mr. Tricou can be reached at (814) 863-4459, or by
e-mail at <cst101@arl.psu.edu>.
This publication can be made available
in alternative media on request.
Penn State is committed to affirmative action,
equal opportunity and the diversity of its workforce.
U.Ed. ARL 12-1
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2011 No.3 i M A S T Ne w sl e t t e r
MATERIALS
PROCESSING
TECHNOLOGIES
MECHANICAL DRIVE
TRANSMISSION
TECHNOLOGIES
LASER
PROCESSING
TECHNOLOGIES
COMPLEX SYSTEMS
MONITORING
TECHNOLOGIES
COMPOSITES
MATERIALS
TECHNOLOGIES
NAVY/MARINE
CORPS REPAIR
TECHNOLOGIES
MANUFACTURING
SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGIES
FEATURE ARTICLE
Focus on Manufacturing Systems
Preservation of 688 Class Normal Fuel Oil (NFO) Tanks
by Charles Tricou
Maintenance and repair of shipboard tanks is
among the top 5 largest corrosion-related costs
for Navy Ships. Based on FY 2007 data1,the
maintenance cost of ballast tanks in Navy
ships is $376M per year, of which $240M
is attributed to repair of corrosion damage.
This represents the third highest cost to the
Navy by Expanded Ships Work Breakdown
Structure (ESWBS), for both maintenance
and repair of corrosion damage. Hydrocarbon
contamination and/or the presence of soluble
salts are the primary causes of premature
coating failure in these tanks.
Ultra-high pressure (UHP) water-jetting
(water-jet blasting at 36,000 psi and above) has
proven to be an effective method for removing
old coatings and surface contamination.
Any type of work in these confined spaces is
difficult, but the use of UHP waterjet tools
in such spaces is downright dangerous. To
address the safety concerns associated with
UHP cleaning in confined spaces, the UHP
waterjet tools would need to be contained.
The primary goal of this Navy ManTech
program effort was to use closed-cycle ultrahigh pressure water jet cleaning to remove
hydrocarbon contamination from 688 Class
NFO tank surfaces, with the secondary goal of
achieving a “Light Flash Rust” condition (or
lower). The presence of stiffeners and other
complicated geometries within the NFO tank
provided a substantial challenge. Specialized
tooling was needed to ensure complete
coverage and efficient vacuum collection.
With support from the ONR Technology
Insertion Program for Savings (TIPS),
iMAST-ARL has developed closed-cycle UHP
waterjet cleaning tools for removing oil and
grease within Normal Fuel Oil (NFO) tanks
on 688 class submarines.
NFO tanks contain the diesel fuel used to
power backup systems on Los Angeles Class
submarines. Diesel fuel is consumed as these
backup systems are periodically tested, and the
NFO tank is compensated with seawater to
maintain the tank at a full level. Seawater lying
in the bottom portion of unpainted NFO
tanks results in extensive corrosion damage.
To reduce the recurring cost of corrosionrelated repairs in NFO tanks, a method of
cleaning the steel is necessary to enable these
tanks to be painted.
require extensive weld-repair, and abrasive
blasting of weld-repairs is required to ensure
proper adhesion of preservation coatings to the
repaired areas. For this reason the requirement
to achieve a “Light Flash Rust” condition was
understood to be of lower importance than
ensuring all hydrocarbon contamination was
removed during cleaning.
Mechanical methods of surface preparation
such as abrasive blast cleaning do not remove
oil and grease contamination and may even
spread the contamination or embed it into
the substrate. An important property of the
UHP water jet blasting process is that it can
emulsify and remove oil and grease from a
surface as it is blasted. One drawback of
open-cycle UHP blasting, however, is the
formation of flash-rust. Flash rust is quantified
using the SSPC‑VIS 4 / NACE VIS 7 Guide
and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces
Prepared by Waterjetting.
APPROACH / TOOL INFORMATION
The following closed-cycle UHP cleaning
tools were designed and fabricated by ARL.
All tools incorporate vacuum collection to
minimize formation of flash rust.
• Vertical T-bar stiffener cleaning tool
• 90° corner cleaning tool
• Tool for cleaning the pockets within the
688 NFO tank
• Compact flat-surface cleaning tool
designed for bulkhead cleaning
• Compact flat-surface cleaning tool
designed for cleaning decks or other
horizontal surfaces
• Multi-purpose hand-held gun with
multiple end-effectors designed for
In the case of unpainted NFO tanks, corrosion
damage in the seawater-affected area can
2 0 1 1 No. 3 i MA S T Ne ws let t er 3
FEATURE ARTICLE
Continued from Page 3
cleaning small areas and for detail work
around stiffeners or other encumbrances.
All tools incorporate an “electronic-over-air”
safety system. Electronic proximity sensors
ensure the tools are in close proximity to,
and pointing directly at the steel, before the
tools will operate. Several tools may be used
simultaneously at different locations within
the tank and the safety system allows insertion
of multiple emergency-shutoff switches
(E-stops) with E-stop indicator lights showing
which shutoff has been triggered. These
multiple E-stop switches provide the ability for
hole-watch personnel, assistants or operators
to shut down UHP waterjet flow if an unsafe
situation arises.
In the interest of brevity, only one of the tools
will be described in detail.
VERTICAL T-BAR STIFFENER CLEANING TOOL
The vertical T-bar cleaning tool can be
operated at 40,000 psi, and is capable of
removing coatings, fuel-oil residue and
corrosion products from all surfaces of the
vertical T-bar. Placement and installation
requires ~ 5-10 minutes per move. The
vertical T-bar tool incorporates magnets to
aid in installation and to maintain position
during operation. Vacuum recovery occurs
at the bottom of the containment shroud.
Process water, corrosion products and paint
are collected to a holding tank. Water is tested
prior to disposal to ensure compliance with
environmental regulations. An electronic
proximity sensor is employed to ensure
the waterjet does not function unless the
containment is tight against the work surface.
The vertical T-bar tool incorporates a deadman type switch and control box. The vertical
T-bar tool will fit through a 15½” diameter
access hole. The vertical T-bar tool (and all
other tools) can be operated at a distance of
approximately 300 feet from the pump. The
vertical T-bar tool is shown in Figure 1.
As part of this project, ARL Penn State was
tasked with ensuring that UHP cleaning
does, in fact, remove all NFO and milPRF-3150 lube oil from the steel. To this
end, ARL Penn State developed improved
visual inspection equipment. Currently, the
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2011 No.3 i M A S T Ne w sl e t t e r
Figure 1. Modular track based tee bar tool. (A) shown installed in training structure, (B) CAD image
of structure in comparable orientation, (C) CAD image of work area of tool showing UHP work head
installed to clean inside web of tee bar
only non-destructive method of detecting
hydrocarbon contamination on steel surfaces
is visual inspection using black-lights. Black
lights produce Ultra Violet (UV) light in the
range of 365nm. Hydrocarbon compounds
fluoresce under UV light. If the fluorescent
response is both efficient, and if it occurs in
the human visible wavelength range, then
black-lights will improve the sensitivity of
visual inspection methods.
This enhanced visual inspection equipment
was field-tested at the Portsmouth Naval
Shipyard during the UHP water jet technology
demonstration. The NFO tank was inspected
following gas-free cleaning and prior to
UHP waterjet blasting. When the tank was
viewed through the enhanced eyewear using
465nm inspection light, a faint orange glow
was present on all surfaces. Contrast was
poor, but a definite fluorescent response
was observed. Areas cleaned with water jet
tools indicated no detectable fluorescence.
Water-break and solvent extraction was
used to verify contamination removal.
Water-break testing of all surfaces prior
to UHP cleaning exhibited strong water
beading. Knowledge and understanding of the
spectral properties of common hydrocarbon
contaminants can inform knowledge-based
design of inspection lights and eyewear.
Using such enhanced inspection equipment,
substantial improvements in the detection
sensitivity and efficiency of visual inspection
methods is possible. The enhanced inspection
equipment discussed in this document
has been shown to dramatically improve
contrast between diesel fuel-oil contaminants
and blasted steel surfaces. The order-ofmagnitude improvement in contrast results
in dramatically improved detection efficiency,
at greater standoff distances, than is possible
using the best currently available inspection
equipment and techniques.
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES
A cost-benefit analysis was based primarily
upon eliminating corrosion damage (and
corresponding repair costs) and on extending
the repair interval from 10 years to 15 years.
A conservative, 15 year coating life was
assumed for the purpose of this cost-benefit
analysis. Actual coating life is expected to last
20–30 years.
Cost avoidance expected from using UHP
water jet cleaning technology for NFO tank
repair has been calculated based upon data
FEATURE ARTICLE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author wishes to express appreciation
for support of this effort by NAVSEA
07T, ONR TIPS and the Institute for
Manufacturing and Sustainment Technologies
(iMAST), a U.S. Navy Center of Excellence
sponsored under contract by the U.S. Navy
Manufacturing Technology Program, Office
of Naval Research. Any opinions, findings,
conclusions and recommendations expressed
in this material are those of the author and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the United
States Navy.
REFERENCES
1
Logistics Management Institute MEC81T3
report “The Annual Cost of Corrosion for
Navy Ships” dtd 2006–2007.
Post-abrasive blast photo of tank.
Top coat application.
Application of primer and stripe coat.
provided by shipyard and NAVSEA personnel.
Robust and conservative assumptions have
been made where required.
•
Based upon information gleaned during
the 2010 shipboard demonstration at PNS,
there are several areas in which the use of
closed-cycle UHP cleaning and application
of preservation coatings within NFO tanks
can save money. These are:
• Reduction of weld-repairs
• Unpainted tanks @ 10 years
•
•
• OEM-painted tanks @ 30 years
Elimination of abrasive blast
• Painted tanks (before substantial coating breakdown occurs)
Surface preparation cost reduction (UHP
vs. abrasive blasting)
Elimination of 99 month inspections
Based upon the limited data available, a
conservative estimate of cost savings (per each
688 Class submarine) is $814K.
2 0 1 1 No. 3 i MA ST New s le t t e r 5
PROGRAM UPDATE
Damage Accumulation of MRAP Under Impulse and Cyclic Loading Conditions
iMAST is currently wrapping up a project in
support of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected
(MRAP) combat vehicle program office.
Damage accumulation due to impulse
and cyclic loading has been identified as a
source of desired information for providing
a quantitative description of decreased
structural integrity due to the potential for
crack initiation and propagation. This will
assure the capability of the MRAP platform
to defeat stated threats. Benefits of this analysis
will include the understanding of impacts
of alterations to field repair procedures,
determination of field reparability of critical
components, and initial representation of
mission readiness based on various damage
accumulation scenarios. A sound assessment of
structural integrity and survivability of MRAPs
after field use, theater events, and forward
repairs will benefit the vehicle by providing
insight addressing the impact of alterations to
field repair procedures, determination of field
reparability of critical components, and initial
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2011 No.3 i M A S T Ne w sl e t t e r
representation of mission readiness based
on various damage accumulation scenarios.
Potential benefits include alterations to field
repair procedures, determination of field
reparability of critical components, initial
representation of mission readiness based on
various damage accumulation scenarios, and
future depot sustainment strategies. For more
information on this program effort, contact
Dr. Rich Martukanitz at 814-863-7282, or
by e-mail at: <rxm44@arl.psu.edu>.
INSTITUTE NOTES
JDMTP Subpanel Visit
Members of the subpanel receive brief on Spark
Plasma Sintering Process.
Members of the Joint Defense Manufacturing Technology Panel (JDMTP) recently visited ARL
Penn State to conduct its annual review of iMAST program efforts. The JDMTP, composed
of Army, Navy, Air Force and DLA ManTech leaders, is chartered to identify and integrate
requirements, conduct joint program planning, and develop joint strategies. The FY-2010 National
Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) gives permanent authority for the JDMTP. The primary
mechanism which supports the panel efforts are the JDMTP subpanels. All projects funded
by DoD ManTech programs are coordinated through the JDMTP and its subpanels. Each of
the four subpanels review the projects within their respective technology portfolios in order to
identify opportunities for collaboration, and provides input to the panel on opportunities for
future investment areas. All of the chairmen of each subpanel meet regularly to coordinate on
projects which cross traditional subpanel boundaries and enhance subpanel processes to increase
efficiency and effectiveness in achieving the ManTech mission.
FAST Workshop Concludes
Dr. Edward Liszka (Director, ARL Penn State)
presents Mr. John Carney (Director, ONR
Navy ManTech Program) with a memento
commemorating his support of and participation
in the FAST Workshop.
Over 100 conference attendees turned out recently to attend iMAST’s Field-Assisted Sintering
Technology workshop at Penn State University. Also known as Spark Plasma Sintering, the
technology is an emerging manufacturing technology that produces cost-effective components
with enhanced performance and durability characteristics. The workshop provided an opportunity
to close the gap between applied research, end users and equipment manufacturers. Special guest
speakers for the event included Mr. Robert Dowding (Director of Research Directions and SPS
Activities, U.S. Army Research Laboratory), Dr. Michael Kassner (Director of Research, Office
of Naval Research), and Mr. John Carney (Director of the U.S. Navy Manufacturing Technology
Program, Office of Naval Research). For more information about the event, you are welcome to
contact Dr. Jogender Singh at (814) 863-9898, or by e-mail at <jxs46@psu.edu>.
NAVAIR Visits iMAST
Dr. Suren Rao (right), Director of ARL’s
Drivetrain Technology Center, explains iMAST
Ausform Finishing program effort with Mr.
Michael Houck (center), while Mr. Darrell
Grant (left) looks on.
Mr. Michael Houck and Mr. Darrell Grant visited iMAST recently as part of a capabilities
review of iMAST assets that can support Naval Air activities. Mr. Houck is the division director
of NAVAIR 4.4.2 (Mechanical Systems, Controls and Diagnostics). Mr. Grant is currently
serving as a NAVAIR Fellow. Following a series of power train-related and healthcare monitoring
presentations, the visitors were escorted on a tour of facilities by iMAST’s director of drivetrain
technologies, Dr. Suren Rao. The tour included laser, drivetrain, and composite material
enhancements to mechanical drive systems. Following the iMAST tour, Mr. Houck and Grant
visited Penn State’s Vertical Lift Research Center of Excellent, within Penn State’s College of
Engineering. For more information on iMAST’s powertrain-related activities, contact Dr. Suren
Rao at (814) 865-3537, or by e-mail at <sbr1@psu.edu>.
U.S. Army Chief Scientist Visits iMAST
Pausing during facilities tours for a group photo
are (l-r) Dr. Tom Donnellan (ARL Associate
Director for Materials and Manufacturing),
LTC Amanda Grieg, Dr. Fish, Dr Kevin
Koudela (ARL Composites Director), Dr.
Patricia Gruber (ARL Deputy Director)
Dr. Scott Fish, Chief Scientist of the U.S. Army, recently visited iMAST facilities as part of a
capabilities assessment overview associated with his role as Chief Scientist. As Chief Scientist of the
Army, Dr. Fish identifies and analyzes technical issues and brings them to the attention of Army
Leaders. He also interacts with operational commanders, combatant commands, acquisition,
and science and technology communities to address cross-organizational technical issues and
solutions. Dr. Fish, also interacts with other services and the Office of the Secretary of Defense
through the Army’s Deputy Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology. This interaction
includes addressing issues affecting the Army in-house technical enterprise. The Chief Scientist
of the Army is also the principal science and technology representative of the Army to the civilian
scientific and engineering community, and to the public at large.
2 0 1 1 No. 3 i MA S T Ne ws let t er 7
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Permit No. 1
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P.O. Box 30
State College, PA 16804–0030
CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED
“Whether you think you can, or whether you think you can’t, you’re right!”
—Henry Ford
CALENDAR of EVENTS
2011
27–29 Sep
Modern Day Marine Expo
** Quantico, VA
28–29 Sep
Materials & Manufacturing Advisory Board Meeting (Aviation)
State College, PA
10–12 Oct
AUSA Expo
Washington D.C.
11–14 Oct
Logistics Officer Association Conference
** Ft. Worth, TX
24–27 Oct
Expeditionary Warfare Conference
Panama City, FL
2–4 Nov
U.S. Coast Guard Innovation Expo
Tampa, FL
14–17 Nov
DoD Maintenance Conference
** Ft. Worth, TX
28 Nov–1 Dec
DMC 2011
** Anaheim, CA
2012
Jan TBA
Surface Navy Association Symposium
** Crystal City, VA
Apr TBA
ShipTech 2012
15–18 Apr
Navy League Sea-Air-Space Expo
19–20 Apr
“Made in Pennsylvania”
1–3 May
68th American Helicopter Society Forum
** Ft. Worth, TX
Jun TBA
Johnstown Showcase for Commerce
** Johnstown, PA
Jun TBA
Letterkenny Showcase for Commerce
12–14 Jun
MegaRust 2012 (U.S. Navy Corrosion Control Conference)
18–19 Sep
Fleet Maintenance & Modernization Symposium
22–24 Oct
ONR S&T Conference
** TBA
** National Harbor, MD
** Kittanning, PA
** Chambersburg, PA
San Diego, CA
** Virginia Beach, VA
** Crystal City, VA
** Visit iMAST booth
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2011 No.3 i M A S T Ne w sl e t t e r