National Strategy and Action Plan for Animal Genetic

Transcription

National Strategy and Action Plan for
Animal Genetic Resources of Turkey
(Brief version)
All rights reserved, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies
Ankara, 2015
General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies
National Strategy and Action Plan
for Animal Genetic Resources of Turkey
It is prepared by Animal Genetic Resources Research Working Group,
Livestock and Fisheries Department, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and
Policies of Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, all rights reserved
Prepared by
A. Oya AKIN, Dr. Mesut YILDIRIR
Araştırma ve Teknoloji Geliştirme Kampüsü İstanbul Yolu Üzeri,
No: 38 PK.51 Yenimahalle/Ankara 06171, Turkey
Phone : + 90 (312) 315 76 22-26
Fax : + 90 (312) 315 34 48, (312) 343 21 18
Web : www.tagem.gov.tr
E-mail: haysud@gthb.gov.tr
ISBN
978-605-9175-14-2
Baskı
Uzerler Matbaacılık Reklamcılık
Turizm San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. ANKARA
Phone : +90 (312) 441 90 15
www.uzerler.com
Ankara, 2015
National Strategy and Action Plan for
Animal Genetic Resources of Turkey
(Brief version)
2015
National Strategy and Action Plan for Animal Genetic Resources of Turkey (Brief version)
Biodiversity we possess and animal genetic resources (AnGR) as crucial components of the biodiversity,
which are the indicators of economic and genetic richness, provide significant benefits in agriculture,
medicine, food security and industry. Accordingly, conservation and utilization of the biodiversity are not
only obligations but also a matter of our economic, scientific, social and cultural needs. Because of these
reasons, AnGR are the values that we should recognize, conserve and inherit to the next generations for
the present and the future benefits.
Besides conserving agricultural and ecological resources, ensuring sustainability in agricultural
production to meet sufficient and healthy food demand is considered as the first strategic priority of
the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock (MFAL). Solving the issues that may arise due to the
environmental changes in the near future, it is possible to get solutions from the genetic diversity of local
breeds as a commercial component. In this respect, supporting and achieving ultimate success for the
activities identified in the National Strategy and Action Plan on Animal Genetic Resources (NSAP-AnGR)
possess a high importance for conservation, sustainable use, registration and characterization of animal
genetic resources and to establish its economic value in the agricultural system of Turkey.
The strategic and holistic approaches for the management of AnGR into the livestock sector are based on
global knowledge and awareness generated mainly by FAO’s efforts and valuable contribution of related
national stakeholders.
I would like to thank for those who contributed to the preparation of NSAP-AnGR and I wish success to all
stakeholders under the coordinatorship of GDAR to fulfil the objectives in the mission.
Mehmet Mehdi EKER
Minister
1
The rich diversity of Anatolia is result of the accumulated and blended genetic diversity of farm animals
belonging to different cultures that lived and ruled in different times. Various environmental conditions
that Anatolia’s wide geography holds the different needs and preference of livestock breeders also
contribute to diversity of farm AnGR.
The animal breeds which adapted to their production environment very well, have distinctive characteristics
and ability to survive and reproduce in harsh environments by natural selection. It is necessary to ensure
the continuation of conservation and sustainable use of AnGR due to the essential roles in utilization of
the areas where the intensification is not possible for the near future. Conservation or even enhancement
of existing variation in AnGR shall provide ability to adapt to the possible future changes in climate,
shelter, feed and hygiene conditions. AnGR is also considered as an important training, research and
cultural material. We should keep in mind that future generations have rights on the local breeds which
are the essential part of regional culture and tradition, our mission is to conserve this unique gene
collection without destroying or neglecting them.
The National Focal Point (NFP) coordinates the activities for the management of AnGR such as
conservation, sustainable use, characterization and policy making. The tasks of the NFP are carried
out by the Animal Genetic Resources Research Working Group within the Department of Livestock
and Fisheries Research of General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. The project called
‘Promoting the Management of AnGR in FAO-SEC Countries’ supported by Turkish Government within the
scope of the FAO-Turkey Partnership Programme gave acceleration to the finalization of NSAP-AnGR and
the document was approved by the Minister of MFAL in 2015.
I believe we will reach ultimate goals of the NSAP-AnGR with close collaboration among related
stakeholders.
2
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Masum BURAK
Director General
National Strategy and Action Plan for AnGR (2015-2020)
Chapter
Content
1.
Preparation process of NSAP-AnGR
Page
5
2.
AnGR in livestock production
10
3.
Activities on AnGR
12
3.1.
International activities
12
3.2.
National activities
12
3.2.1
Legislation
12
3.2.2.
Infrastructure
12
3.2.3.
Stakeholders
13
3.2.4.
Conservation programmes
14
3.2.5.
Breed registration
15
3.2.6.
Awareness raising
16
3.2.7.
AnGR research
17
3.2.8.
National Information System on AnGR
17
National Strategy and Action Plan on AnGR
19
4.1.
Why NSAP for AnGR?
19
4.2.
Content of NSAP for AnGR
20
4.2.1.
Characterization, inventory, monitoring of trends and associated risks
20
4.2.2.
Sustainable use and development
25
4.2.3.
Conservation
28
4.2.4.
Policies, institutions and capacity building
31
4.
Process of evaluation and monitoring of NSAP for AnGR
34
5.
4.2.5.
References
33
6.
Appendix
37
Annex 1. Abbreviations
37
Annex 2. List of legislation and commissions related to AnGR
38
Annex 3. List of registered breeds
39
Annex 4. Methods and place of the breeds in conservation program
40
3
Angora Goat
1. Preparation process of NSAP-AnGR
An extensive analysis of national and international technical and institutional efforts was included in the
preparation process of National Strategy and Action Plan for Animal Genetic Resources (NSAP-AnGR) and
the participation of the national stakeholders.
After the adoption of the Global Plan of Action for AnGR (GPA) in 2007, the preparation process of NSAPAnGR initiated in 2009. During this period, several meetings organized with the participation of ministerial
departments and, university representatives and temporary advisory committees established. The
project “Promoting the Management of AnGR in FAO-SEC Countries: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Turkey (GCP/SEC/003/TUR)” has accelerated preparation of NSAP for AnGR.
The preparation process of NSAP for AnGR mainly based on
‘Guidelines on Preparation of National Strategies and Action
Plans for AnGR’ prepared by FAO. The guideline consists of
four main chapters; global efforts in chronologic order and the
need for the national strategy and action plan explained in 3
sections. Section 4 includes systematic recommendations for
the preparation of NSAP-AnGR.
After the advisory committees’ meetings and the expert meeting, the National Conference for the
preparation of NSAP-AnGR was held on 14-16 May 2014 in Antalya. The outputs of former meetings
were accepted as the strategic priorities and related actions of Turkey for AnGR by National Conference
participants. The draft documents of NSAP- for AnGR were opened to the discussion with all stakeholders’
participation. Strategic Priority Areas (SPAs) were discussed as proposed in the NSAP preparation
guideline of FAO; characterization, inventory and monitoring of trends and associated risks, conservation,
sustainable use and development, policies, institutions and capacity buildings. The draft documents
that adopted by National Conference officially sent to relevant stakeholders. After making necessary
amendments, the NSAP for AnGR was approved by the MFAL in March 2015.
5
6
Participants of National Congress for Preparation of NSAP AnGR, 15th of May 2014, Antalya.
7
AnGR by biodiversity aspect
Agricultural biodiversity is a broad term, which covers all biodiversity components merging ecosystems
related with food and agriculture. In this aspect, agricultural biodiversity includes agricultural ecosystems,
plant, animal, microorganisms’ variation and diversity, and relationships among non-living environment
and processes.
Biodiversity, genetic diversity, animal genetic resources, native domestic animal genetic resource,
ecosystem, species, breed, sustainable utilization and conservation are important components of
agricultural biodiversity to give the definition.
Biodiversity; means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial,
marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are the part of it. This
includes diversity within and among species and of ecosystems.
Genetic diversity; biodiversity level or total genetic characteristic number of species genetic structure.
In case of high variability, adaptation possibility to environmental differences of some of the population
members’ allele diversity increase.
Animal genetic resources; animal species and their populations used or have a potential usage for food
and agriculture. Wild animals excluded from this concept.
Native domestic animal genetic resources; breeds, types, lines and populations that are adapted to their
original breeding areas via natural selection for centuries and gained various features by breeders’
preferences, belonging to the country or possessing unique characteristics. The Regulation on Utilization
and Export of the Native Domestic AnGR comprised 22 animal species in total.
Ecosystem; dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living
environment interacting as a functional unit.
Species; animal groups which have common characteristics generate offspring that are productive and
inherit their common characteristics to their offspring.
Breed; FAO (1999) defines breeds as “either a sub-specific group of domestic livestock with definable
and identifiable external characteristics that enable it to be separated by visual appraisal from other
similarly defined groups within the same species, or a group for which geographical and/or cultural
separation from phenotypically separate groups has led to acceptance of its separate identity”. According
to the “Regulation on Registration of Domestic AnGR” published by MFAL, generally accepted breed
definition is in Turkey; “a group of animals which has distinctive features and able to heritage them
8
to the offspring, and established via breeding implementations and breeding environment within a
species”. This definition matches to the first part of FAO definition but breeds that have not phenotypic
resemblance are not covered.
Sustainable use; provided that conserve variation and productivity, breeding of a species, breed or
biological system to meet breeders expectations for product and income.
Conservation: activities to prevent AnGR from being extinct. There are three methods used: 1) in situ
conservation; through continued use by livestock keepers in the production system in which the
livestock evolved or are now normally found and bred, 2) ex situ in vivo conservation; a limited number
of animals kept outside their original production environment and 3) ex situ in vitro conservation;
cryoconservation of genetic material in a gene bank.
Farm animal biodiversity is important for maintaining genetically diverse and healthy livestock. In order
to meet the basic needs of people, only 38 of the 50 000 known avian and mammalian species have
been domesticated. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) now reports breed-related
information on 19 mammalian species, 17 avian species and two infertile interspecies crosses (Bactrian
camel × dromedary and duck × Muscovy duck). A total of 8 774 breeds have been reported; 7 718 are
local and 1 056 are transboundary. Among the transboundary breeds, 510 are regional transboundary
breeds and 546 are international transboundary breeds. A total of 647 breeds are classified as extinct.
Considering the speed of the extinction rate, the world agriculture estimated to be adversely affected in
the near future. A total of 1 458 breeds are classified as being at risk. The number of breeds at risk is
higher among mammals (955 breeds) than among birds (503 breeds).
Alacahöyük reliefs, 1399-1301 BC
Source: Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
9
2. AnGR in livestock production
Agriculture sector is the main component of wealth and rural development of Turkey. Despite the fact
that the rural population decreasing dealing with agriculture, it is still has high ratio in total population.
Livestock production rate in total agricultural production is approximately 32%, and AnGR are basis of
the productivity of local agricultural systems.
Genetic erosion within livestock species, including their wild ancestors, is of particular concern because
of its implications for the sustainability of locally adapted agricultural practices and the consequent
impact on food supply and security.
The livestock sector has a considerable potential and an important part of the agricultural sector in
Turkey. Seventy percent of the rural farms in Turkey own livestock. Most of these livestock farmers rely
on their livestock for income by selling of animals and animal products, as well as using manure as
fertilizer for crops.
Population number/size, distribution and risk status of AnGR is estimated because of the lack of inventory.
Estimation for the genetic erosion of AnGR is high for the last five decades in Turkey. The first step of the
conservation is the determination of the current situation, another words, it is building up inventories for
the breeds.
10
East Anatolian Red
11
3. Activities on AnGR
3.1. International activities
“First State of the World Report for AnGR” (SoW-AnGR) was prepared to review and assess the current
situation, global changes, infrastructures and technologic capacities of AnGR. SoW-AnGR, Global Plan
of Action for AnGR (GPA) and the Interlaken Declaration have been prepared in the light of the common
priorities on AnGR of 169 countries. These documents, launched by FAO Commission on Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture, accepted as an important strategic value.
There were several attempts to establish regional focal points in Asia, Europe, Africa, Latin America and
Caribbean, the Near East and the Southwest Pacific. Only two regional focal points in Europe and in Latin
America and Caribbean were sustainably operational. Turkey was the member of the Steering Committee
of the European Regional Focal Point for AnGR (ERFP) during 2009-2013 to represent South Europe.
Furthermore, the member of the working groups and task forces established by ERFP, partner of the
projects, and enters national data into European Farm Animal Biodiversity Information System (EFABIS).
First Country Report on AnGR (2004), Progress Report on the Implementation of Global Plan of Action
for AnGR (2011) and Second Country Report on AnGR (2014) submitted to the FAO Headquarter by the
National Focal Point for AnGR.
3.2. National activities
3.2.1. Legislation
Current legislation on conservation and sustainable use of AnGR:
• Law on Veterinary Services, Plant Health, Food and Feed, 2010
• Regulation on Utilization and Export of the Native Domestic AnGR, 2012
• Decree on Livestock Production Subsidies (revise annually)
• Regulation on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Animal Genetic Resources, 2002 and revised
2012
• Regulation on Animal Breed Registration, 2002 and revised 2012
3.2.2. Infrastructure
The National Focal Point for AnGR primarily coordinates and executes AnGR research projects for
conservation and sustainable use with the close collaboration research institutes and universities.
Relevant ministries, several departments of MFAL, breeders’ organizations, NGOs, universities and other
stakeholders are the members of the National Consultative Committee and six advisory commissions
12
share their opinions on planning, preparation of technical and legislative documents or solutions for the
practical issues related with AnGR management.
National Committee
on AnGR
Advisory Commissions
• Ex situ in vivo
• Cryo conservation
• In situ conservation
• Sustainable utilization
• Access and Benefit Sharing
• Inventory
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock
National Focal Point
Domestic Animal Registration Committee
Registration Sub-Committees
Stakeholders
• Breeders’ organisations
• Breeders
• Universities
• NGOs
• Local Administratives
• Research Organisations
• Private Sector
• Cooperatives
Research Institutes
Figure 1. Institutional structure and stakeholders for AnGR management.
3.2.3. Stakeholders
AnGR Research Working Group conducts the responsibilities of the National focal point (NFP) for AnGR.
GDAR reorganised and established AnGR Working Group under the department of Livestock and Fisheries
Research. The NFP coordinates the activities for the management of AnGR, such as conservation,
sustainable use, characterization and policymaking.
Coordination of national and international level, integration of all stakeholders to the process, establishment
of networks, contributions to the collaborations, plans and partnerships, and efficient utilization of the
sources are some important responsibilities of the NFP.
The NFP is continuous secretariat of The National Consultative Committee on the Conservation of AnGR.
The committee has members from relevant ministries, universities, trade associations and NGOs.
Principal role of the committee is to provide advice to the Government and interested parties on issues
relating to farm animal genetic resources inventory, characterization, conservation and sustainable use.
The activities concerning characterization, conservation, collection and utilization of the farm animal
genetic resources are undertaken in close collaboration with the Animal Science Departments of the
Agricultural Faculties, Veterinary Faculties, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
(TUBITAK) and breeders’ associations and farmers.
13
3.2.4. Conservation programmes
The project “Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation of AnGR” has been carried out by GDAR. The primary
goal is to conserve the animal breeds at risk of extiction. For this main purpose three conservation
methods have been carried out since 1995.
In situ conservation:
Subsidies for in situ conservation of cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo and bee breeds which under
the risks of extinction have been continued thanks to the positive conception of National Consultative
Committee’s on AnGR, since 2005. In this context; 763 breeders, 13 825 head small and big ruminant,
10 000 bee colonies, and 24 breeds in 25 provinces involved in the in situ conservation program in
2014. The programme includes; six cattle (Native Black, Kilis, Native Southern Yellow, East Anatolian Red,
Boz Step and Zavot); Anatolian Water Buffalo; 8 sheep (Sakız, Kıvırcık, Gökçeada, Karagül, Çine Çaparı,
Hemşin, Dağlıç and Karakaçan); 8 goats (Ankara, Kilis, Honamlı, Abaza, Kaçkar, Colored Ankara, Halep
and Osmanlı (Gürcü)) breeds and 1 honey bee (Caucasus).
Boz Step Cattle
14
Ex situ in vivo conservation:
The ex situ in vivo conservation program has been initiated in the year of 1995 for 4 cattle breeds have
high risk of extinction in the research institutions of GDAR. During the next period projects were expanded
to cover; 4 sheep, 1 goat, buffalo, 2 chicken breeds and 3 silkworm lines in 1996 and 1997 and 1 bee
breed in 2002 have included in the ex situ conservation program (see Annex 4).
Gökçeada ram, Bandırma-Balıkesir
Cryo (ex situ in vitro) conservation:
The cryo-conservation project named as “In vitro Conservation and Pre-Molecular Identification of
Some of the Native Domestic Animal Genetic Resources of Turkey- I” (TURKHAYGEN-I) was completed in
2012. This project aimed to establish gene banks to conserve and characterize local breeds of Turkey,
build national researcher capacity in animal genetics and animal biotechnology, and to combine and
disseminate knowledge. In this context, two gene banks have established in Central Livestock Research
Institute (ILREC), and Marmara Research Center of TUBITAK (see Annex 4).
3.2.5. Breed registration
According to the Regulation on Registration of Domestic Animal Genetic Resources, firstly the working
groups in breed level and sub-committees in species level prepare the documents for registration.
15
Hereafter, the documents and proposed lists for registration submit to the Committee on Domestic Animal
Registration. The Committee overviews the prepared documents for registration in detail and decides
either to approve or decline. The registration lists include information about morphologic, physiologic,
genetic and other characteristics of the proposed genotypes for registration. Finally, the lists are
published in the Turkish Official Gazette. The Committee on Domestic Animal Registration has approved
61 animal breeds and lines of cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goat, chicken, rabbit, silkworm, bee, cat, dog
and pigeon species from 2004 to 2015.
Van cat
3.2.6. Awareness raising
The breed catalogues named “Domestic Animal Genetic Resources of Turkey” were prepared in Turkish
(2009) and in English (2011). Documentaries and stamp collections were prepared in order to introduce
local animal breeds to the public. Television and radio interviews and introductory activities executed
with the collaboration of Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) and GDAR. It has planned to
continue the public awareness on production environment and cultural importance of the breeds.
16
Breed Catalogue, Turkish and English
T A G E M
Stamp serials prepared collaboration with PTT
S E M I - FAT TA I L E D N AT I V E S H E E P B R E E D
BREED CHARACTERISTICS: It is an early
maturing breed. Its reproduction and milk yield are
high. Adaptation ability is low. It has oestrus for
whole year. Its meat is tasty. Herd instinct is weak.
BREEDING CONDITIONS: It is bred as family
flocks of 3-5 heads. Lactation milk yield is 180-200 kg.
Also, in good feeding conditions sheep are
common that produce more than 500 kg milk yield.
Because of its high reproduction potential and milk
yield, extra feeding is applied especially in production
period.
LOCATION : Especially in Çeşme and also the
black stains around eye and mouth, on the end of
provinces of İzmir, Aydın and the coastal locations
nose and on ears and feet. Head, legs and underside
of the Marmara and Aegean Regions
of abdomen are without fleece. Fleece is mixed
BREEDING PURPOSE:
Dual Purpose (milk and lamb)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Its body is narrow
and high, legs are long. Body is white. There are
coarse. Rams have strong, spiral horns. Ewes are
polled. Base of tail is a few fatty and triangular
the end of tail is fatless, thin and long. Udder is
glandular and suitable for high milk yield. Nipples
are drooping and big.
Body Measurements and Production Performance
Male
Wither height, cm
Female
Female
75
73
Lactation milk yield, kg
180-200
Body length, cm
75
72
Lactation length, days
190
Birth weight, kg
3.2
3
Fleece yield, kg
Mature body weight, kg
70
50
Breeding age, month
Daily live weight gain, g
242
Litter size
48
2
8-9
2
49
Sakız sheep in Breed Catalogue
Awareness raising activities collaboration with TRT
3.2.7. AnGR Research
GDAR gives high priority to AnGR research in the Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Research Area in
the Master Plan. AnGR characterization projects are also supported within the scope of the Research and
Development Support Programme of GDAR.
3.2.8. National Information System on AnGR
It is aimed to establish an effective information and data base system by the project of “Preparation and
Management of National AnGR Information System” for AnGR within the frame of the Integrated Project
on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Turkey. Various types of reports of conservation activities will be
eligible thanks to the national data base system (genbis.tagem.gov.tr). An early warning tool will add to
national data base system for AnGR of Turkey.
17
The importance of native AnGR from a
different perspective
Did you know? Neolithic era began in Fertile
Crescent including the Southeastern Anatolia 1012 thousand years ago. Very important cultural
and technological change observed in Neolithic
era, therefore, considered as a turning point in
the history of humankind. During this period,
humankind left the hunter-gatherer lifestyle and
adopted an agro-pastoral way of life.
Archeozoological and genetic studies point
out that sheep, goats and cattle domesticated
between Central Anatolia and Zagros Mountains.
A study published in 2014 in Aşıklı Höyük (close
the centre of the Inner Anatolia) demonstrates
the domestication phases of the sheep
obviously. Multi-disciplined studies focus on
such questions, like this one; Has domestication
started at one point and then expanded? Which
genetic structure had the wild animals have
when the domestication started? Has the gene
transfers continued between the domesticated
ones and the wild ancestors?
Scene of Bull Painted Plaster Ornament,
Çatalhöyük, 6000 B.C.
18
Sistrum, First Bronze Age, end of 3rd millenium B.C.
Has the exchange of genes between wild to
domesticated ancestors continued? How long
has it taken if there were gene exchange?
When did domestic animals migrate and spread
in what ways? Milk next to benefit from the
utilization of meat and skin appeared when and
where? Have different populations encountered
and involved again? Were the domestication
phases of each separate species different? The
responses spanned ten thousand years will
show us the history of our formation of cattle,
sheep and goat breeds and may indicate a need
to gain priority to conservation by historical
features. Moreover, through the answers that can
be gained with the contribution of the genetic
studies, the knowledge of “way of occurrence
observed diversity in gene pools of our breeds”
can be used to strengthen the present breeds
with intense economic production but weak
adaptation to the environment.
Are we aware of the privileges that we have
a cultural treasure of our territory and priority
to the answers of the questions listed above
calling?
4. NATIONAL STRATEGY and ACTION PLAN for AnGR
Conservation and sustainable use of AnGR has been made important progress in the world and Turkey in
recent years. Naturally, strategic priorities should be conducted in accordance with national requirements
for AnGR management. However, comprehensive analytical approach and international dimension of
conservation and sustainable use of AnGR will improve the possibility of conducting the management
of AnGR for food and agriculture. In this context, the receipt and strategic planning of the views of
stakeholders in the preparation process has been sought to be compatible with the common interests of
all parties and the strategy and Action Plan covering the period 2015-2020 has been established.
4.1. Why National Strategy and Action Plan for Animal Genetic Resources?
Conservation, development and sustainable use of AnGR are our responsibilities at the national and
international level. National programs, strategic plans, national reports and other relevant legislations
cover numerous and substantial priorities related to the targets of the conservation and sustainable use of
AnGR for food and agriculture in national level.
The main targets of NSAP for AnGR are conservation, development and ensure the participation of all
stakeholders in the management of AnGR. Strategic approach to management of AnGR by the prioritised
four areas will be the usage of national resources effectively. Consequently, in order to conserve the
diversity in AnGR under changing conditions, the actions of NSAP for AnGR will be performed.
Global Plan of Action for AnGR
FAO proposed a comprehensive study for sustainable use of AnGR
in 1990 and initiated the work to define the global breed diversity of
seven mammal species of AnGR in 1991. AnGR country report had
submitted to FAO by 169 countries including Turkey in 2004. AnGR
World Status Report presented in Interlaken Switzerland in 2007.
And, Global Plan of Action (GPA) was approved by 109 countries,
European Union and 42 organizations. GPA has emerged as an
important strategy document for AnGR.
The Global Plan of Action for AnGR (GPA) highlighted clearly, significant
gaps, weaknesses in the sustainable use and measures needed
to be taken urgently for conservation of AnGR. The GPA suggested
four strategic priority areas for the conservation and sustainable
utilisation of AnGR.
19
4.2. The Content of the National Strategy and Action Plan for AnGR
The National Strategy and Action Plan for AnGR consist of 4 strategic areas, 24 actions and 50 tasks.
1. Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends and associated risks
2. Sustainable use and development
3.Conservation
4. Policies, institutions and capacity building
4.2.1. Characterization, inventory and monitoring of trends and associated risks
According to different national registration systems and EFABIS, Turkey has around 153 domestic animal
breeds. However, the population number/size, distribution, production environments and other important
characteristics are not stated precisely. On the other hand these are necessary information for the
management of AnGR.
Determination of the genetic diversity, comparative performance, current distributions and main
characteristics are valuable information for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of AnGR. The
matter of inventory and characterisation of AnGR had been received priority consideration by the National
Committee for AnGR in 2002.
Lack of pedigree records and risk for the continuous crossbreeding has emerged as the main problems
in Turkey for the AnGR. Therefore, the assessment of population yet to be fully defined and the optimal
conservation and sustainable use approach needs to be developed. In this respect, all of the stakeholders
in the realization of a successful inventory and identify them correctly is essential.
Characterization and production environment information is important to know for the breeds. Making
comparative studies between native breeds and genotypes, and determination of production quantities of
the basic features are important in terms of strategic planning. The development of native breeds as the
basic starting point in the work to take advantage of the data obtained from AnGR characterization will
provide significant advantages.
In some cases, socio-economic conditions, epidemics, drought and other environmental factors may take
emergency measures to AnGR. The monitoring of risks/trends and establish early warning systems and
response mechanisms are also important in the conservation regard.
20
Kangal Dog, Karacabey
21
22
Action 2:
Improving information
systems
Action1:
Determination of
stakeholders, planning
cooperation and training
Action
2017
2016
MFAL,
Universities,
HAYGEM,
NGOs
Task 3:
• Establishment of early warning and response
tools and web systems
2015 - 2020
2015 - 2016
•Determination
of risk factors
•Data system
•Expanded
information and
data systems
•Continues
inventory data
•Synchronised
data systems
•Survey report
2015 - 2018
•Report on
responsibilities
Expected
outputs
•Trained
personnel
•Number of
material
2015 - 2016
Time Frame
MFAL
MFAL,
NGOs,
Breeder
Associations,
TUIK
MFAL
NGOs,
Universities,
Breeder
Associations,
TUIK
Partner
organisation
Task 2:
• Establishment of new data systems for various
species
GDAR
TRGM
GDAR
Task 1:
• Identification and determination of all
stakeholders and institutions related to AnGR
• Establishment of legal infrastructure for the
cooperation between stakeholders.
Task 2:
• Preparing training material for breed description
• Determining and ensuring of personnel
requirements
• Training of trainers and survey takers
Task 3:
• Preparing and conducting survey
Task 1:
• Expanding information/data systems with breed
and population data
• Ensuring continuous data collecting
• Synchronisation of data systems
Lead
organisation
Task
Strategic Priority 1: Conduct a complete inventory of AnGR
4.2.1. STRATEGIC AREA: CHARACTERIZATION, INVENTORY and MONITORING of TRENDS and ASSOCIATED RISKS
Action 2:
Improving infrastructure
of institutes for
characterization
Task 2:
• Establishment of regional units specialized in the
genetic characterization
Task 1:
• Identifying and meeting the needs of necessary
infrastructure, training and personnel
Strategic Priority 2: Characterization of AnGR
Task 1:
• Determining the criteria to be considered
in defining the breed of genetic features,
morphology, physiology and environment
• Supporting research projects primarily related to
breed identification
• Including characterization projects to
prioritizations of R&D of GDAR and TUBITAK.
Determining breeds in priority.
Task 2:
Action 1:
• Determining genetic characteristics and genes
Characterization and
that affect yield and decided genetic markers for
updating morphologic,
the monitoring of population trends
physiologic and genetic
•
Characterization of new genotypes which will
traits of breeds
be identified during the inventory work and
determination of genetic distance or similarity
with the current breeds
Task 3:
• Completing necessary information of registered
breeds
• Conducting research and complete non
registered breed
• Completion of the missing information in the
registration of genotype
GDAR
GDAR
• Breed numbers that
characterized
2015-2019 • Improved institutes
2015-2020
Universities,
TUBITAK,
2015-2020 • Expert units
Research Institutes
Universities,
Research
Institutions,
MFAL, Ministry
of Development,
International Org.
MFAL,
TUBITAK,
Universities,
NGOs,
Research Institutes
• Determined traits
and genes
• Determined
2015-2020
genotypes
• Reports of
population trends
MFAL,
TUBITAK,
• Prioritization of
Universities,
NGOs,
2015-2020 characterization
Research Institutes,
research and breeds
Development
Agency
23
Strategic Priority 3: Determination of trends and associated risks of AnGR and establishment of early warning systems.
Task 1:
• Determination of the reason and the impact of
• Reports on
the change in the presence of animals
HAYGEM
2015-2017
population trends
• Determination of the risk factors that affecting
Action 1:
and risk status
MFAL,
livestock, in the context of regions, breeds and
Determining trends and
TUIK,
populations.
associated risks of AnGR
NGOs,
and establishing early
Task 2:
Universities
warning systems
• Ensuring the presence of animals, animal
• Herd management
movements, population trends and identify risks
GKGM
2019
systems
by electronic identification and satellite tracking
facilities.
24
4.2.2. Sustainable Use and Development
Animal species have served the use of people throughout human history. AnGR and their production
systems have been progressing to respond to needs of social, economic and cultural terms. Applications
to support these systems will success by including their ecological, socio-economic and cultural
characteristics.
The first step to ensure the sustainability of the AnGR is to prepare an adequate and comprehensive
policy in accordance with national conditions. Food security and economic development policies should
be considered together and long-term goals of sustainable agriculture must be determined.
Determination of the characteristics of the breeds and the identification of important features are
fundamental steps. Social and cultural functions of AnGR should be determined and included in long
term sustainable policies. Investments for the development of native breeds or production in rural areas
will contribute to sustainable use of AnGR. Establishment Breeders’ Organisations on the basis of breed
is another necessity that stand in front.
25
26
Strategic Priority 1: Reviewing and developing local and traditional production systems, compile traditional knowledge, agro-ecosystem approaches to
the management of AnGR
Lead
Partner
Time
Action
Task
Expected outputs
organisation organisation
frame
Task 1:
• Determining cultural experience, values and risk status
• Ensuring conservation of the original production
systems, certified to local products and traceability
• Increase of breeders’
• Establishing incentive programs and increasing the
income
product values
2016-2020 • Registered and
• Determining and developing forgotten products
subsidised local/
• Developing and diversifying the products
Ministries,
traditional products
• Supporting the process of commercialization of local
Universities,
products, provide branding, producing local products to
Breeder
Action 1:
increase the added value and ensure the development
organisations,
Recording, supporting
of economic capacities
TPE,
and developing of local/
GKGM
Municipality,
• Regulations for
traditional products and
Private sector
subsiding local and
production systems
Task 2:
traditional production
• Improving technical infrastructure and production
systems
environment of traditional producers
2015-2017 • Projects for increasing
• Collection of traditional knowledge and dissemination
breeders’ income
• Rate of the increasing
of them
income of traditional
producers
Task 3:
• Native breed breeders
• Increasing the rate of benefiting from the product
MFAL
2015-2016
number that subsidies
based support program of native breed breeders
given to their products
Action 2:
Evaluation of agroTask 1:
MFAL, Forest
• Report on agroecosystems approaches,
• Evaluation of international agro-ecosystems
and Water
ecosystem
reviewing international
approaches,
GDAR
Affairs, NGOs, 2015-2016
• Policies for agropractices, development and • Development of national policy instruments with
Municipality,
ecosystem approach
promotion of national policy
stakeholders
Universities
instruments
4.2.2. STRATEGIC AREA; SUSTAINABLE USE and DEVELOPMENT
Task 1:
• Initiation of AI implementations using with semen
obtained from local breeds,
• Production and provision of AI, embryo producing and
transfer for native breeds at risk and for breeding
purposes
Task 3:
• Improving breeders conditions and raising awareness
of breeders
• Not be overlooked the effects of improved animal
husbandry conditions on natural selection and taking
appropriate measures
Action 2:
Use of appropriate
reproductive
biotechnologies and
Task 2:
molecular technologies for
• Determination of the need of technical staff to make
improvement of native AnGR
biotechnological applications,
• Carrying out molecular genetic studies in local breeds
for breeding purposes
Action 1:
Development of long
term breed improvement
programs conduct with
breeder organisations for
sustainable use of AnGR
Task 2:
• Taking precautions for continuing pure breeds in
crossbreeding systems
Task 1:
• Including the native breeds in long term breed
improvement programs
Strategic Priority 2: Developing national breed improvement programs and strategies
GDAR
GDAR
HAYGEM
MFAL,
Universities,
Breeder
organisations,
Private sector,
MFAL,
Universities,
Breeder
organisations,
Private Sector,
MFAL,
Rural
Development
Agency,
Breeder
organisations
MFAL, Breeder
organisations,
NGOs,
Universities
GDAR, Breeder
organisations,
Universities
•Number of semen and
embryos from native
breeds
•Activities for improving
production environment
•Number of pure breeds
for crossbreeding
•Number of improved
breeds
•Personnel to perform
biotechnological
applications
2015-2020
•Number of breeds
have molecular
characterization
2016
2015-2020
2015-2016
2015-2020
27
4.2.3. Conservation
In order to conserve AnGR, MFAL carries out important activities since early 1990s. In the last 20 years
the national experience on the conservation of AnGR increased. Under the national conservation program
GDAR targeted to sustainable use and development of AnGR in last decade.
Three conservation methods are available for the AnGR in Turkey. Conservation herds were established
for native cattle breeds under risk in the institutes in 1995. The ex situ conservation programs were
expanded to include sheep in 1996-1997 and goats, buffalo, chicken breeds and silkworm lines and
Kafkas honey bee in 2002. In situ conservation program was started in 2005 and the establishment of
gene banks in 2009. Developing technical standards for the transfer of these methods and practices
designed to ensure conservation.
Due to natural disasters and animal diseases, as opposed to the risk factors identified in the Action Plan
measures, a great effort and expense will have been taken to conserve AnGR.
28
GDAR
GDAR
Task 1:
• Encouraging the necessary legal arrangements for the
establishment of regional gene banks in Turkey, material
collection, storage and use of
•Making arrangements and to ensure the participation of
member states and sustainability of regional gene banks
Action3:
Making the necessary initiatives
for the establishment of
international and regional gene
banks in Turkey
GDAR
Lead
organisation
Action2:
Improvement of existing
gene banks, maintaining and
establishing the legislation on the
National Gene Bank
Task 4:
• Determining genetic diversity and taking measures for
conservation populations
Task 1:
• Determining and including new species/ breeds/types
that endangered and previously not included in the in situ
conservation programs
• Increasing the number of animals of potential breeds in
the in situ conservation programs
Task 2:
•Developing infrastructures of institutes to conservation of
other breeds
•Making protocols to create ex situ conservation herds
with universities, research institutions and metropolitan
municipalities
•Giving incentives to the zoos for conservation
•Encouraging people to breed local breeds as hobby
Task 3:
•Giving incentives to breeders’ organisations for rare
breeds conservation
Task
Task 1:
• Guaranteeing the continuity of the management of gene
banks, preparing standards for access and benefit sharing
Task 2:
• Improving the conditions of an existing gene banks,
standardization and modernization,
• Provision of qualified staff, training and ensuring the
continuity,
• Ensuring the reproduction, completion of the genetic
material stored in gene banks at appropriate intervals
Action1:
Continuing and expanding in situ,
ex situ in vivo and ex situ in vitro
conservation programs
Action
Strategic Priority 1: Develop in situ, ex situ in vivo and ex situ in vitro conservation programs
4.2.3. STRATEGIC AREA; CONSERVATION
2016
MFAL,
Breeder organisations,
Universities
MFAL,
International
organisations, Regional
Organisations, Research
Institutions, Universities,
TUBITAK, FAO, TIKA
ILREC,
SRI,
TUBITAK GMBE,
Universities
ILREC, SRI,
TUBITAK GMBE,
Universities
2015-2020
2015-2020
2015-2020
2015-2020
2015-2020
MFAL,
Universities,
Municipalities,
NGOs,
Forest and Water Affairs
Universities
2015-2020
Time frame
MFAL,
Universities,
NGOs,
Breeder organisations
Partner organisation
• Legislation
• Regional gene bank
• Number of material stored
in the bank
• Electronic inventory for
gene bank
• Number of trained
employee
• Number of species/breeds/
types stored in gene bank
• Regulations related gene
bank
• Number of breed
maintained in public hands
• Number of breed under
conservation by breeder
organisations
• Diversifying and expanding
level of conservation
• Number of zoo and
municipality included in
conservation
• Number of species/breeds/
types in conservation
programmes
Expected outputs
29
30
GDAR
Task 1:
• Establishment of an expert group to work on international
technical standards and protocols for the sustainable use
and inventory, characterization, risks and trends
• Developing the technical standard protocols
Action 3:
Development of technical
standards, protocols for inventory,
characterization and trends and
associated risks for AnGR
Action 2:
Developing disease screening
and vaccination programs for all
animal species
Task 1:
•Developing regional disease surveillance projects
•Implement education programs to breeders concerning
disease and illness
•Establishment an action plan for protection against
epidemics
Action1:
Backing up in at least two different Task 1:
•Duplication and back up of conservation herds
regions for conservation herds in
accordance with the prescribed
•Encouraging agricultural insurance for conservation herds
risk scenarios and the use of
livestock insurance application
GKGM
GDAR
Strategic Priority 3: Develop risk management mechanisms against natural disasters and animal diseases
GDAR
Task 1:
•Identified disease risks and mandatory screening
•Take the necessary precautions for the materials
Task 2:
•Determination of genetic markers in addition to
phenotypic characterization being used in the
determination of AnGR under conservation
GDAR
Action2:
Determination of disease
control standards for species
in conservation programs and
publication of the list of diseases
that need control, unimplemented,
eradication as the ultimate goal
Action1:
Development of methods and
technologies for conservation
Task 1:
• Carrying out joint research with universities and other
research institutions to develop methods and technologies
applied in ex situ and in situ methods
• Developing the required new or standardized methods and
guidelines
Strategic Priority 2: Development of technical standards
MFAL Research
Institutions, Universities,
NGOs
MFAL,
Research Institutions,
Universities,
NGOs,
Municipalities
TUBITAK,
Universities
MFAL,
Universities
Universities
Universities,
NGOs
2015-2019
2015-2019
2016-2017
2015-2016
2015-2020
2015-2020
• The number of herd
vaccinated and free from
disease
• Number of duplicated
herds
• The decrease in the
average inbreeding
coefficient
• The increase the number of
insured animals
• Technical standards and
protocols
• Specialized technical team
• List of diseases that need
to be taken to control
the animal species in
conservation
• The proposed method and
the number of genetic
markers
• Designated genetic
markers
• Improved methods number
• The number of applied
research projects
• Number of prepared
guidelines
4.2.4. Policies, Institutions and Capacity Building
The management of AnGR has local, national, regional and international dimensions. Turkey has a great
experience and FAO show intense activity in the area to support national and regional structures of the
management of AnGR. On the other hand, improved institutional structures are essential for the effective
execution of activities in national level that needed for conservation and sustainable use of AnGR.
The Animal Genetic Resources Research Working Group has been established as a unit of the General
Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (GDAR) in the new recent structure of Ministry of Food
Agriculture and Livestock (MFAL). The working group responsible for the coordination of sustainable use,
development, conservation, research and related administrative operations related to AnGR management
on behalf of the MFAL. The GDAR carry out their activities as National Focal Point by the working group
coordination with universities, instructions, breeder associations, NGOs and other stakeholders.
31
32
Task 1:
• Collaborations to ensure the personnel’s knowledge and experience
sharing with international organization
• Developing report format for AnGR trends
Task 2:
• Determining and developing research goals and materials and
methods
Task 3:
• Training of trainers and researchers
• Ensure to continuation of training programs and the dissemination
of information
• Regulations on the researchers conditions
Task 2:
• Reviewed international data bases to develop and strengthen
national database
Task 1:
Action 3: Strengthening
• Identifying regional organisation
international network to
• Investigating new areas of activity with the existing regional focal
ensure participation of regional
points (RFP)
organizations
• Provide the necessary initiatives for the creation of a new RFP
Action 2:
Use of international research,
education and informationsharing mechanisms
Action 1:
Establishing and
implementation of the national
research and education plans
Task 1:
• Evaluating current state of research and training capacity
GDAR
GDAR
GDAR
FAO, International
organisations, Universities,
TIKA, NGOs,
Foreign Affairs
MFAL,
Universities
MFAL,
Universities,
International organisation,
Private sector,
NGOs, TIKA,
TUBITAK
Universities,
International organisations,
Private sector,
MFAL, NGOs,
TUBITAK
Strategic Priority 1: Strengthening the institutional structure to ensure the realization of the plan for conservation and sustainable use of AnGR
Lead
Action
Task
Partner organisation
organisation
Action 1:
Task 1:
Determining and evaluating the • Determining and analysing the human resources, infrastructure,
GDAR
MFAL
current situation
financial resources, stakeholders and cooperation
Task 1:
MFAL,
• Supporting and increasing the number of staff capacity and
Ministry of Development
Action 2:
infrastructure of NFP
Strengthening the NFP and
Task 2:
GDAR
MFAL
coordination among the
• Ensuring separate budget to NFP
stakeholders
Task 3:
MFAL
• Determining effective methods for intervention tools
Strategic Priority 2: Establishment and/or development of national, regional and international educational and research infrastructure
4.2.4. STRATEGIC AREA: POLICIES, INSTITUTIONS and CAPACITY BUILDING
• Increase personnel
number and capacity
• Budget to NFP
• Using effective methods
2015
2015
2016
• Trained personnel
number
• Produced material and
methods
• Research plan
• Established or integrated
data systems
• Established regional focal
point
2016-2020 • New action with regional
focal point
• Number of activates
2016
• Determine information
sharing criteria
• Number of report format
2015-2020
• The number of national
and international
cooperation protocols
2016-2020
2016
• Training plan
• Report on task shearing
among stakeholders
2015
2015
Expected outputs
Time
Frame
Action 2:
Identifying targets and
policies and regularly updated
conservation priorities.
Action 1:
Revising and improving the
legal framework of national
policies for AnGR
Task 2:
• Improve structures and policies to prevent the improvement of risk
and conserve breeds that in the risk status
Task 1:
• Developing policies, collecting data and determining risk factors on
AnGR and establish information systems
Task 2:
• Making the relevant legal regulations for inventory, characterization,
trends and associated risks, sustainable use objectives and
strategies
Task 3:
• Making legislation for ABS of AnGR
Task 1:
• Revision of national and international regulations
Strategic Priority 3: Revising and improving the legal framework of national policies for AnGR
GDAR
GDAR
NGOs,
TRGM,
SGB,
GKGM,
Universities,
HAYGEM,
TUIK
TRGM,
GKGM,
SGB,
EYYDB,
HAYGEM,
TARSIM,
Universities,
NGOs
Ministries
Ministries,
TUIK,
Breeder Associations,
NGOs
Ministries, TPE
• ABS regime for AnGR
2015-2020
• Developed infrastructures
and policies for
conservation
• Reports on risk factors
2015-2019 • and conservation, loss of
genetic diversity
2016
2016-2020 • Legislations
2015-2016 • Report on legislation
33
4.2.5. Process of evaluation and monitoring of National Strategy and Action Plan
National Strategy and Action Plan that comprised 2015-2020 include progress reporting annually.
National public organisations, universities, institutes and organisations were officially invited, and
attended preparatory process. The evaluation process will follow by national AnGR information web site
(genbis.tagem.gov.tr). After five years operations, the National Strategy and Action Plan will be revised.
34
References
Andrabi, S.M.H. and Maxwell, W.M.C. 2007. A review of reproductive biotechnologies for conservation
of endangered mammalian species. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 99, 223– 243.
Anonymous, 2004. GDAR, First Country Report on Animal Genetic Resources of Turkey
Anonymous, 2007a, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, National Strategy and Action Plan on
Biodiversity.
Anonymous, 2007b. TR Prime Ministry State Planning Organization, 9th Development Plan (2007-2013)
Livestock Specialization Commission Report,, Ankara
Anonymous, 2011. Progress report on the implementation of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic
Resources submitted to FAO, GDAR.
Anonymous, 2013. Strategic Plan of Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock (2013-2017), Strategic
Goal 1, p. 46.
Anonymous a, 2014. 2nd Country Report on Animal Genetic Resources of Turkey, GDAR.
Anonymous b, 2014., 10th Development Plan (2014-2018), Livestock Specialization Commission Report,
Ministry of Development, Ankara
Birler, S., Pabuccuoğlu S., Demir K., Cirit Ü., Karaman E., Bacinoğlu S., Özdaş Ö.B., Evecen M.,
Alkan S., Baran A., Bakırer G., Özcan C., Koçak Ö., Kiliçarslan M.R., Kaşikçi G., Toydemir T.F.,
Dinç H., Koban E., Togan İ., İleri İ.K. veAk K.: Production of cloned lambs: transfer of early
cleavage stage embryos t o final recipients, Istanbul University Veterinary Faculty Journal, 36,
1-8 (2010)
Diamond, J., 2002. Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication, Nature, 418,
700-707
Ertuğrul, M., Dellal, G., Elmacı, C., Akın, A.O., Pehlivan, E. Soysal, M.İ, and Arat, S. 2010. Conservation
and sustainable use of AnGR TMMOB Chamber of Agricultural EngineersVII. Technical Congress.
11-15 Jan, 179-198.
FAO, 2007a. Global Plan of Action on AnGR.
FAO, 2007b. First State of the World Report on AnGR for Food and Agriculture.
FAO, 2009. The Guideline on Preparation of National Strategies and Action Plans for AnGR.
FAO, 2014. Status and Trends Report of Animal Genetic Resources. CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/Inf.4. 47p.
Holt W.V.ve Pickard A.R.: Role of reproductive technologies and genetic resource banks in animal
conservation. Reviews of Reproduction 4, 143–150 (1999)
Kaymakçı, M., Özder, M., Karaca, O., Torun, O., Baş, S. and Koşum, N., 2009. Sheep Improvement
Strategy of Turkiye, Uludağ University Agricultural Faculty Journal, Vol 23(2), 67-77
35
Leon-Quinto, T, Simon, MA, Cadenas, R, JonesJ, Martinez-Hernanez, M., Moreno J M, Vargas A, Martinez
F, and Soria B. 2009. Developing biological resource banks as a supporting tool for wildlife
reproduction and conservation: the Iberian lynx bank as a model for other endangered species.
Anim. Reprod. Sci. 112(3–4), 347–361.
Mazur, P. 1984. Freezing of living cells: mechanisms and implications. American Journal of
Physiology 247 (3 Pt 1):125–42
TUIK, 2013. Turkish Statistical Institute, Agricultural Statistics, http://www.tuik.gov.tr
TUIK, 2014. Turkish Statistical Institute, Agricultural Statistics, http://www. tuik.gov.tr
Zeder, M., A. 2008. Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and
impact. PNAS. 105(33), 11597-11604.
Wilmut, I., Schnieke, A.E., McWhir, J., Kind A.J.,Campbell, K. H. S. 1997. Viable offspring derived from
fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature, 385(6619), 810-813.
Yıldırır, M., Sezenler, T., Erdoğan, İ., Yüksel, M.A., Soysal, D. and Ceyhan, A., 2011. The present studies on
AnGR in Sheep Research Station: a Review, Journal Animal Science Advance, 1(2):73-78.
36
6. APPENDIX
Annex 1. Abbreviations
ABS
AnGR
BD
CBD
CGRFA
DAD-IS
EAAP
EAARI
EFABIS
EMARI
ERFP
EYYDB
FAO
GDAR
GKGM
GPA
HAYGEM
ILREC
KB-PEGC
MFAL
NGOs
PGM
SEC
SGB
SRI
TARSIM
TIKA
TPE
TRGM
TUBITAK
TUIK
TURKVET
UN
UNEP
Access and benefit shairing
Animal Genetic Resources
Biological Diversity
Convention on Biological Diversity
Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System
European Federation of Animal Science
East Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute
European Farm Animal Biodiversity Information System
East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute
European Regional Focal Point (for AnGR)
Department of Training, Extension and Publications
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation
General Directorate of Food and Control
Global Action Plan for AnGR
General Directorate of Livestock
International Livestock Research and Education Centre
Kafkas Bee Production Education and Gene Centre
Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock
Non-Governmental Organisations
General Directorate of Staff
FAO Sub Regional Office for Central Asia
Directorate of Strategy Development
Sheep Research Institute
Agricultural Insurance Pool
Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency
Turkish Patent Institute
General Directorate of Agricultural Reform
The Scientific and Technological Council of Turkey
Turkish Statistical Institute
Cattle Registration System
United Nations
United Nations Environment Program
37
Annex 2. List of legislation and commissions related to AnGR
1.
2.
Veterinary Services, Plant Health, Food and Feed Law (2010)
Regulation on the Establishment and Services Purpose Animal Breeding Breeders Organisations
(2011)
3. Notification on Animal Production Subsidies (Annually)
4. Regulation on Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation of AnGR (2011)
5. Regulation on Registration of Domestic AnGR (2011)
6. Regulation on Use and Go Abroad of Native Domestic AnGR (2012)
7. National Committee on AnGR Conservation, 2002
8. Domestic Animal Registration Committee, 2002
9. Breed Registration Subcommittees, 2004
10. Advisory Committees, 2014
Ex situ in vivo conservation
Ex situ in vitro conservation
In situ conservation
Sustainable Utilisation
Access and Benefit Shearing
Inventory
38
Annex 3. List of the registered breeds
Species
Cattle
Water Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Chicken
Layer Hybrids
Rabbit
Silkworm
Honey Bee
Dog
Cat
Pigeon
Genotype
Native Black
Kilis (South Anatolian Red)
Native South Yellow
Grey
East Anatolian Red
Zavot
Anatolian Water Buffalo
Anatolian Awassi
Sakız
Gökçeada
Karacabey Merino
Dağlıç
Morkaraman
Tuj
Norduz
Kıvırcık
Akkaraman
Karayaka
Malya
Anatolian Merino
Central Anatolian Merino
Çine Çaparı
Acıpayam
Sönmez
Polatlı
Bafra
Hemşin
Kangal Akkaraman
Türkgeldi
Tahirova
Menemen
Karya
Hasak
Hasmer
South Karaman
Ramlıç
Angora
Hair
Norduz
Kilis
Akkeçi
Denizli
Gerze
ATAK, ATAK-S, ATABEY
Ankara
Bursa Beyazı
Bursa Beyazı Alaca
Hatay Sarısı
Kafkas Arısı
Kangal
Akbaş
Zağar Hunt
Van Kedisi
Ankara Kedisi
Bursa Tumbler
Trakya Roller
Alabadem
Edremit Butterfly
Muğla Dalıcı
Year
2004
2014
2004
Total
6
1
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
29
2009
2010
2012
2013
2014
2004
2005
2013
5
2004
2
2005
2004
3
1
2004
3
2004
2005
2006
2011
2005
2008
2010
2011
2012
2012
2013
Total
1
3
2
5
61
39
Annex 4. Methods and place of the breeds in conservation programs
Species
Cattle
Water
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Breed
Conservation methods and place
in situ
ex situ in vivo
Native Black
Ankara, Çankırı
ILREC
East Anatolian Red
Erzurum, Artvin
EAARI
Kilis
Şanlıurfa
EMARI
Grey
Edirne, Çanakkale,
Balıkesir, Bursa, Kocaeli
SRI
Native S
Adana, Hatay
-
Zavot
Ardahan
-
Anatolian Water Buffalo
Balıkesir, Manisa
SRI
Sakız
İzmir
SRI
Çine Çaparı
Aydın
-
Gökçeada
Çanakkale
SRI
Kıvırcık
Kırklareli, Balıkesir
SRI
Herik
-
-
Karagül
Tokat
-
Hemşin
Artvin, Erzurum
-
Norduz
-
-
Dağlıç
Afyon, Konya
-
Karayaka
-
-
Morkaraman
-
-
İvesi
-
-
Güney Karaman
-
Bahri Dağdaş IARI
-
Karakaçan
Balıkesir
-
Ankara Keçisi
Ankara
ILREC
Honamlı
Konya, Antalya, Isparta
-
Kilis
Kilis, Hatay
-
Kıl
-
-
ex situ in vitro
ILREC and
TÜBİTAK-GMBE
ILREC and TÜBİTAK
(Only sperm, cell a n d DNA)
ILREC and TÜBİTAK
HMAE and TÜBİTAK
Abaza
Artvin
-
-
Kaçkar
Artvin
-
-
Osmanlı (Gürcü)
Ardahan
-
-
Ankara Keçisi (Renkli)
Siirt
-
-
Hatay (Halep)
Gaziantep
-
Denizli
-
ILREC
Gerze
-
ILREC
Bee
Kafkas Arısı
Ardahan and Artvin
Kafkas Bee
PEGC
-
Silkworm
Bursa Beyazı, Bursa Beyazı
Alaca, Hatay Sarısı
-
Bursa Province
Directorate of MFAL
-
Horse
Çukurova,
Ayvacık Midillisi,
Canik, Hınısın Kolu Kısası,
Malakan
-
ILREC and TÜBİTAK
(Only cell and DNA)
Chicken
40
ILREC (Only aperm)

National Strategy and Action Plan for Animal Genetic

Transcription

Similar documents

7~lfc-r<S - Property File

Glen Haffy Conservation Area Trail Map

Equine Anhidrosis research project flyer

DEFCON-24-Shellphish-Cyber Grand

More at norfolktourism.ca/turkey

New Study Shows ʺCollapseʺ of Worldʹs Largest

Kids Committed to Conservation

COMMUNITY - Ol Pejeta Conservancy

Fire-bellied Toads

AN EXPERIENCE OF Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS)