The Sundaland Hotspot Briefing Book

Transcription

The Sundaland Hotspot
Briefing Book
Prepared for: Improving Linkages Between CEPF and World Bank Operations, Asia
Forum, Medan, Indonesia—June 23-25, 2005
SUNDALAND HOTSPOT
BRIEFING BOOK
Table of Contents
I. The Investment Plan
• Ecosystem Profile Fact Sheet
• Ecosystem Profile
II. Implementation
• Overview of CEPF’s Portfolio in the Sundaland Hotspot
o Charts of Portfolio
o Map of CEPF Regions
• Project Map
• List of Grants
III. Conservation Highlights
• E-News
• Other Highlights
IV. Leveraging CEPF Investments
• Table of Leveraged Funds
C E P F FA C T S H E E T
Sumatra
Sundaland Biodiversity Hotspot
CEPF INVESTMENT PLANNED IN REGION
$10 million
QUICK FACTS
Sumatra has the most mammal species
(210) of any Indonesian island.
Sumatra has 465 resident bird species, of
which 14 are unique to the island. Birdlife
International classifies 34 Important Bird
Areas on Sumatra, 54 percent of which are
outside protected areas.
Less than 40 percent of Sumatra’s original
natural forest remains. World Bank experts
predict that Sumatra’s lowland forests will
be gone by 2005, if current rates of deforestation continue.
As Sumatra loses its lowland forests, it also
is losing the extensive ecological services
and wealth the forests provide. Local
communities will be the hardest hit: Millions
of Sumatrans depend on these resources for
their livelihood and basic needs.
To date, the Indonesian government has
declared more than 70 conservation areas on
Sumatra. However, most are not secure.
The Indonesian island of Sumatra contains an extraordinary wealth of natural
resources and habitat diversity. It is part of Southeast Asia’s Sundaland
biodiversity hotspot, one of the 25 richest and most threatened reservoirs of
plant and animal life on Earth. These biodiversity hotspots cover only 1.4
percent of the planet yet contain 60 percent of terrestrial species diversity.
The island is home to more than 10,000 plant species, mostly in lowland
forests. It is also the only place in the world where elephants, rhinoceros,
tigers, clouded leopards and orangutans are all found. Sixteen of its 210
mammal species are unique to the island, including the Sumatran orangutan,
Sumatran rhinoceros and Sumatran tiger.
THREATS
Indonesia is at the epicenter of the global deforestation crisis. Indonesia lost
some 20 million hectares of forest from approximately 1985 to 1997. Since
then, experts believe another 5 million hectares or more may have been lost,
with rampant illegal logging occurring even in protected areas. Other threats
include decentralization; oil palm plantations; illegal hunting and wildlife
trade; road construction; mining; and civil conflict.
CEPF STRATEGY
Within the Sundaland hotspot, the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
(CEPF) focuses on Sumatra, as the biologically richest and most threatened
area. CEPF targets four geographic areas: Seulawah–Leuser–Angkola; Siberut
Island; Tesso Nilo–Bukit Tigapuluh; and Bukit Barisan Seletan. CEPF chose
these four areas based on the amount of remaining species-rich lowland forest;
Myanmar
Thailand
Vietnam
Cambodia
Philippines
Brunei
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Siberut
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CEPF-funded area
Sundaland hotspot
Australia
CEPF focuses on the island of
Sumatra within the Sundaland
hotspot.
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www.cepf.net
The CEPF strategy focuses primarily on enabling key actors at local levels to
practice good forest stewardship with adequate skills, coordination, collaboration, incentives and political voice. In Sumatra, CEPF seeks projects at the
district level and below, with the aim of building alliances among conservation-minded individuals, nongovernmental organizations and private sector
interests. It provides mostly small- to medium-sized grants to civil society.
The CEPF investment strategy, called an ecosystem profile, will be funded
over five years, beginning in 2002.
STRATEG IC FUNDING DIRECTIONS
The CEPF strategy for Sumatra ensures funding is directed where it is needed
most and where it can do the most good.
CEPF investments on the island are guided by four strategic directions. Each
project must be linked to one of these to be approved for funding:
1. enhance stewardship of forest resources at district level and below.
2. empower civil society to organize in favor of conserving biodiversity.
3. build alliances among conservation-minded groups in civil society and the
private sector.
4. assess impact of conservation interventions at district level and below.
© Haroldo Castro
the estimated time remaining before that forest disappears; the number of existing successful conservation programs present; and the presence of potential
conservation partnerships.
ABOUT US
CEPF is a joint initiative of Conservation
International, the Global Environment
Facility, the Government of Japan, the John
D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
and the World Bank.
The partnership aims to dramatically
advance conservation of Earth’s biodiversity
hotspots—the biologically richest and most
threatened areas. A fundamental goal is to
ensure that civil society, such as community
groups, nongovernmental organizations and
private sector partners, is engaged in
biodiversity conservation.
CEPF acts as a catalyst to create strategic
working alliances among diverse groups,
combining unique capacities and eliminating duplication of efforts for a coordinated,
comprehensive approach to conservation
challenges.
HOW TO LEARN MORE
For more information about CEPF and how to
apply for grants, visit www.cepf.net.
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www.cepf.net
Ecosystem Profile
Sumatra Forest Ecosystems
Of the
Sundaland Biodiversity Hotspot
Indonesia
final version
december 11, 2001
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
THE ECOSYSTEM PROFILE
BACKGROUND
3
3
4
PRIORITIZATION OF SUMATRA WITHIN THE HOTSPOT
4
LEVELS OF PROTECTION FOR BIODIVERSITY
6
SYNOPSIS OF THREATS
7
DECENTRALIZATION
8
ILLEGAL AND LEGAL LOGGING
8
OIL PALM PLANTATIONS
8
ILLEGAL HUNTING AND WILDLIFE TRADE
9
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
9
MINING
9
CIVIL CONFLICT
9
SYNOPSIS OF CURRENT INVESTMENTS
10
MULTILATERAL DONORS
10
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
11
NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
12
CEPF NICHE FOR INVESTMENT IN SUMATRA
15
CEPF INVESTMENT STRATEGY AND PROGRAM FOCUS
16
ENHANCE STEWARDSHIP OF FOREST RESOURCES AT DISTRICT LEVEL AND BELOW
17
EMPOWER CIVIL SOCIETY TO ORGANIZE IN FAVOR OF CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY
17
BUILD ALLIANCES AMONG CONSERVATION-MINDED GROUPS IN CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE
PRIVATE SECTOR
17
ASSESS IMPACT OF CONSERVATION INTERVENTIONSAT DISTRICT LEVEL AND BELOW
17
SUSTAINABILITY
18
CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is designed to better safeguard the world's
threatened biodiversity hotspots in developing countries. It is a joint initiative of Conservation
International (CI), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Government of Japan, the
MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. CEPF provides financing to projects in biodiversity
hotspots  areas with more than 60 percent of the Earth’s terrestrial species diversity in just 1.4
percent of its land surface. A fundamental purpose of the Fund is to ensure that civil society is
engaged in efforts to conserve biodiversity in the hotspots. An additional purpose is to ensure
that those efforts complement existing strategies and frameworks established by local, regional
and national governments.
CEPF will promote working alliances among community groups, NGOs, government, academic
institutions and the private sector, combining unique capacities and eliminating duplication of
efforts for a more comprehensive approach to conservation. CEPF is unique among funding
mechanisms in that it focuses on biological areas rather than political boundaries, aiming to
maximize biological survival through the establishment of a portfolio of projects which all
contribute, where possible, to an integrated landscape-scale program of conservation. It will also
focus on transboundary cooperation when areas rich in biological value straddle national borders
or in areas where a regional approach will be more effective than a national approach. CEPF
aims to provide civil society with an agile and flexible funding mechanism complementing
funding currently available to government agencies.
A key step in the development of this ecosystem profile was a series of three stakeholder
consultation workshops, each lasting two full days. Consultations were held in north, central,
and south Sumatra to compare conditions and to cover the island’s major biogeographic zones.
One workshop was hosted by an international NGO, another by a national NGO, and a third by a
provincial university. Participant mix favored local NGOs and community leaders, but included
representatives of academia, district parliaments, district managers, forest industries, the military,
and agencies responsible for protected areas. The process also entailed a three-day consultation
with natural scientists and economists. A total of 223 people were consulted in the development
of this ecosystem profile. The information gathered from these stakeholder consultations led to
CEPF’s decision to focus support at the district level and below. Geographic priorities were
identified by CEPF and its advisors based on the highest levels of threat to the areas of highest
biodiversity, and on existing opportunities to establish strategic partnerships and enhance
successful projects and programs already underway.
In summary, CEPF offers an opportunity to promote the conservation of some of the most
important ecosystems in the world — places of high biodiversity and great beauty. CEPF will
promote the engagement of a wide range of public and private institutions to address
conservation needs through coordinated regional efforts.
The Ecosystem Profile
The purpose of the ecosystem profile is to provide an overview of the causes of biodiversity loss
in a particular region and to couple this assessment with an inventory of current conservation
activities in order to identify the niche where CEPF investment can provide the greatest
incremental value. The ecosystem profile is intended to recommend broad strategic funding
directions that can be implemented by civil society to contribute to the conservation of
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biodiversity in the targeted region. Applicants propose specific projects consistent with these
broad directions and criteria. The ecosystem profile does not define the specific activities that
prospective implementers may propose in the region, but outlines the conservation strategy that
will guide those activities. For this reason, it is not possible or appropriate for the ecosystem
profile to be more specific about the site or scope of particular projects or to identify appropriate
benchmarks for those activities. Applicants will be required to prepare detailed proposals that
specify performance indicators.
In summary, the ecosystem profile is a five-year investment strategy intended to guide CEPF
grantmaking. The grants and grantees will define the specific interventions supported by CEPF.
BACKGROUND
The Sundaland Hotspot covers the western half of the Indonesian archipelago, a group of some
17,000 islands stretching 5,000 kilometers along the Equator between Asia and Australia. The
hotspot includes some of the largest islands in the world and is adjacent to three other hotspots:
Wallacea to the east, Indo-Burma to the west, and the Philippines to the north. Together, these
four hotspots constitute one of the two greatest concentrations of terrestrial and freshwater
species diversity on Earth — the other being in northern South America.
Sundaland encompasses some 1.6 million square kilometers, dominated by the islands of Borneo
and Sumatra. The topography includes high mountain ranges, volcanoes, alluvial plains, lakes,
swamps, and shallow coastal waters. Indonesian alone is home to 10% of the world’s known
plant species, 12% of all mammals, 17% of all birds, 16% of all reptiles and amphibians, and
25% of all fish. Sundaland has six endemic bird areas, as well as 15,000 endemic plant species,
139 endemic bird species, 115 endemic mammal species, 268 endemic reptile species, and 280
endemic freshwater fish species.
Prioritization of Sumatra Within the Hotspot
Sumatra, which measures 1,800 kilometers long and 400 kilometers wide, is the focus of CEPF’s
first investment in Sundaland because it arguably holds the hotspot’s highest levels of
biodiversity under the most severe threat. Sumatra has the most mammals (210 species) of any
Indonesian island. Sixteen species of mammal are endemic to Sumatra, and another 17 are
endemic to the adjacent Mentawai Islands. Sumatra’s endemic primate diversity per unit area is
unmatched anywhere on Earth. Eight endemic mammals in Sumatra and the Mentawai Islands
are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and on the Appendices of the Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
Sumatra’s bird list numbers 582 species, of which 465 are resident and 14 are endemic, making it
the second richest biogeographic region for birds in Indonesia after Papua. According to
BirdLife International, there are 34 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) on Sumatra, of which 54% are
outside protected areas and 18% are in critically threatened lowland forests. Of 300 Sumatran
reptile and amphibian species, 69 (23%) are endemic. Sumatra’s freshwater systems hold 270
species, of which 42 (15%) are endemic.
Most of Sumatra’s endemic plant species are found in lowland forests below 500 meters, though
only about 15% of the total may have been recorded to date. Less than 40% of Sumatra’s
original natural forest remains. The rate of deforestation currently averages 2.5% per year, and is
most acute in the species-rich lowland and hilly-lowland forests. Scientists predict that all of
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Sumatra’s lowland rainforests will be gone by 2005.
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Levels of Protection for Biodiversity
Indonesia, and Sumatra in particular, is no newcomer to the concept of conservation. In fact,
conservation has been the focus of considerable attention since the Dutch colonial era. In 1997,
at the time of Indonesia’s economic crisis, the government was spending between $22 million
and $33 million per year on protected areas, up to 20% of which came from international donors.
To date, the Indonesian Government has declared 73 conservation areas on Sumatra (see Table 1
and Figure 1). However, even existing protected areas are not secure, and many, if not most, are
losing their forest cover in the face of relentless pressures.
Table 1: Protected areas in Sumatra
CONSERVATION AREA
Nature Reserves
Wildlife Reserves
Game Parks
Grand Forest Parks
National Parks
Recreation Parks
Marine Recreation Parks
Total
NO.
HECTARES
30
14
5
5
7
10
2
73
47,190
628,657
129,650
81,386
3,430,390
20,376
230,100
4,567,749
Source: PKA Statistical Data, 1999
The Directorate-General for Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (PHPA) in the Ministry
of Forestry is responsible for protected areas. However, actual on-the-ground management of
protected areas — including watershed and buffer forests, production forests, and parks — is
now devolving to the district level. In addition to the current confusion over responsibility, local
governments face the problem of raising much of their revenue from within their districts. This
creates tension between local governments and conservation officials, as protected areas occupy
land for which no land taxes are collected. To date, ecotourism in national parks has not
contributed sufficient revenue to offset this loss in taxes. Most Indonesian NGOs interviewed
for this ecosystem profile believed that conservation outcomes largely will be determined by the
attitudes and actions at the district level, regardless of national policies.
Encroachment into protected areas makes restoration and conservation of forest corridors
increasingly difficult. The protected areas themselves face a number of basic management
problems, including:
lack of political will;
corruption and bribery;
poor staff morale and lack of incentives for good performance;
limited capacity for resource conservation and law enforcement;
insufficient funding; and,
hostility from private sector and civil society.
In September 2001, the government renewed commitments to stop illegal loggers, especially
those operating in national parks. Unfortunately, rampant illegal logging and corruption remain
in evidence.
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Figure 1: Protected Areas of Sumatra
SYNOPSIS OF THREATS
The deteriorating status of protected areas and the rapid felling of lowland forest pose the
greatest general tangible threats to Sumatra’s biodiversity. Before discussing other key threats, it
is important to consider their root causes:
Lack of political will. Despite declarations at the national level aimed at stopping illegal
forest destruction and illegal wildlife trade, there is little political will or organized concern
to do so at the local level.
Poverty. In the year following the 1997 economic crisis, the living standard for 15 million
more Indonesians fell below the poverty line. By 1999, 18.2% lived in poverty. In early
2001, per capita GDP was $2,685.
Corruption, collusion, and nepotism. Misuse of authority for personal gain is a widespread,
well-documented legacy from the Suharto era. Military involvement in extraction of forest
resources also is a carry-over from this time.
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Dysfunctional law enforcement. The absence of the rule of law, especially in the forestry
sector, is widely acknowledged, even in official statements by Indonesia’s Forestry Minister.
Strong incentives favoring extraction and forest conversion. Profits in the oil palm
industry and bankruptcy in the pulp and paper industry encourage large-scale felling,
burning, and conversion of forests. Meanwhile, the felling and conversion processes provide
much-needed — if ultimately unsustainable — livelihood for local communities.
Insufficient incentives favoring conservation. The values of ecological services (e.g. flood
control, watershed functions, and well-managed harvest of forest products) are poorly
understood, while penalties for illegal extraction from forests are nil.
Decentralization
Legislation mandating regional autonomy, which went into effect in January 2001, is
fundamentally reshaping the relationship between the central government in Jakarta and local
authorities in all sectors, including forestry. There now are 78 local decision-making bodies on
Sumatra. Provincial and district authorities are increasingly resistant to old-style, centrallyorganized initiatives. At the same time, the central government remains responsible for
protected areas. In many cases, this has led to a paralysis in protected area management.
Despite a confusion of protected-area jurisdiction between central government and district-level
authorities, the trend toward decentralization opens the door to increased local participation in
allocation and management of natural resources and more government accountability at the local
level. However, if poorly executed, decentralization also poses a substantial risk of accelerating
environmental degradation.
Illegal and Legal Logging
Unsustainable and illegal extraction of timber and nontimber forest products is rampant
throughout Sumatra, sometimes with the support of the military, national police, and timber and
pulp and paper industries. The price of illegal timber has undercut that of legal timber, leaving
legal operations at an economic disadvantage. This situation is exacerbated by the increased
demand for timber from China as a result of its own logging ban. Illegal timber from Sumatra is
being laundered through Malaysia to feed the demand from China, North America, Europe, and
Japan.
The pulp and paper industry is a major driver of the threat posed by logging. Indah Kiat, one of
Sumatra's largest pulp and paper companies, used 6.8 million cubic meters of pulpwood in 1999,
about 87% of which was processed from wood generated from forests rather than its own
plantations. This company's situation is similar to other pulp and paper operations in Sumatra,
whose collective need for wood is approximately eight times the available plantation supply. In
addition, extreme debt and bankruptcies are inducing pulp and paper companies to clearcut
lowland forests at unprecedented rates.
Oil Palm Plantations
In the Sumatra’s Jambi Province, the regional government is promoting expansion of oil palm
plantations. The provincial governor has announced plans to convert 1 million hectares of forest
to oil palm by 2005. The situation in Jambi mirrors the magnitude of proposed oil palm
expansion under development in at least Riau Province and in north Sumatra.
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At the same time, forest fires are rampant throughout Sumatra, especially in the central and
southern regions. As the price of palm oil has increased, land-hungry plantation developers in
Sumatra have deliberately burned large areas of forest. In the 1990s, plantations and landclearing contractors used fire as the primary mechanism to clear land.
Illegal Hunting and Wildlife Trade
Illegal hunting and illegal wildlife trade are rampant in Sumatra. The monetary incentives for
poaching are high, while awareness and enforcement of wildlife-trade regulations is low. Local
politicians and military officials reportedly are involved in illegal hunting, and one military
official was arrested and prosecuted for poaching tigers in Way Kambas Nature Reserve and
selling their skins.
Road Construction
Roads are the routes along which settlers and illegal logging trucks gain access to once-remote
forest areas and all species within. Logging roads often then become formal transportation
routes adopted by local governments. In most areas of Sumatra, the building of logging roads
marks the first stage of total forest loss. Local governments seem keen to accommodate road
construction as a form of income generation in itself.
Satellite images document hundreds of logging roads crisscrossing deep into protected forests
and national parks. Aceh Province has a plan to construct a system of feeder roads extending
from Banda Aceh south to the Leuser Ecosystem boundary. A road was built recently in the
Kerinci Seblat National Park despite policies prohibiting it. In general, road construction
patterns suggest that further forest fragmentation is imminent.
Mining
A mining boom encouraged by the Suharto regime began in the 1990s, causing road building
into formerly isolated areas, forest destruction, increased flooding, and pollution of rivers. A
Sumatran NGO asked for the closure of a gold and silver mining operation in South Sumatra
because of the contamination of adjacent river systems and a loss of water resources to thousands
of nearby villagers, among other concerns.
Civil Conflict
The general atmosphere of uncertainty and the transfer of authority to local governments have
led to a breakdown in the rule of law. Old rivalries among ethnic groups, classes, and
occupations (e.g. farmers and national park police) compromise the effectiveness of protectedarea management. Civil strife in northern Sumatra and generalized lawlessness and ethnic or
religious tensions in other areas of the island pose pervasive and ongoing threats. The civil war
in Aceh Province may actually favor forest conservation at present, as logging and milling
operations are disrupted by security concerns. Unfortunately, however, insurgents are reportedly
harvesting forest products to fund their rebellion. The extent of this activity is unknown. On the
other hand, changes in government policy are expected to give the Acehinese control over their
own natural resources — a development that could be an opportunity or a threat.
Other civil society factors contributing to loss of biodiversity include the public perception that
Sumatra's national parks were established illegally. This view has contributed to a long history of
conflict with conservation authorities. In some cases, local communities are holding their
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ground and staking claim to land contained within protected areas. In the face of violence,
national park authorities have unsurprisingly abdicated their conservation mandate.
SYNOPSIS OF CURRENT INVESTMENTS
The amount of funding for conservation initiatives in Sumatra expected over the next three years
appears to be modest and, certainly, significantly less than in the recent past. Based on
interviews with current and potential investors, reasons for the decline are primarily lack of
political will favoring conservation and few successes coming from millions of dollars already
invested in conservation projects.
In addition to the government of Indonesia, the major investors in Sumatran conservation include
the European Union, the Global Environment Facility, the United Nations Development
Programme, and the World Bank. The following is a summary of major investors only, to
provide a context for CEPF investment. NGOs are listed only if they invest their own
institutional funds, as opposed to carrying out work in Sumatra with funds from other investors.
Multilateral Donors
The World Bank: The Kerinci Seblat National Park integrated conservation and development
project (ICDP) is a six-year program financed by the World Bank, the Global Environment
Facility, and the government of Indonesia, which includes major contracts to Flora and Fauna
International (FFI), World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) and the Conservation Information
Forum. The World Bank has invested $19.2 million as a loan for development and planning
activities. The objective of this project is to secure the biodiversity of the park and to stop
further habitat fragmentation by improving park protection and management, especially by
increasing the participation of local communities promoting sustainable management of the
park’s biodiversity; and supporting the maintenance of permanent forest cover in the remaining
buffer zone concession areas.
Global Environment Facility: The GEF is investing $940,000 in Conservation International’s
Forests and Media (INFORM) Project. This new project has the primary objective of generating
an upwelling of interest and concern among the general public and key decision-makers
concerning the critical, potentially terminal, loss of forest biodiversity in western Indonesia, and
leading to a movement toward a sustainable forest management system for the region.
The Kerinci Seblat ICDP also involves the GEF, which is funding $15 million of the total $46
million estimated budget.
The Conservation of Elephant Landscapes in Aceh (CELA) is being implemented by FFI with
$750,000 invested by the GEF. The primary objective is to conserve biologically rich forest
ecosystems in northern Aceh Province, focusing on lowland forests that are important wildlife
corridors, especially for elephants, and maintaining biological corridors between the Gunung
Leuser Ecosystem and northern Aceh forests.
The Greater Berbak-Sembilang Integrated Coastal Wetlands Conservation Project is funded by
the GEF and executed by Wetlands International. The $732,000 project aims to prepare and
implement a management plan for the Greater Berbak-Sembilang Ecosystem based on
conservation values and socioeconomic needs; expand the national parks within the ecosystem;
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strengthen national park management; and increase community and NGO involvement in park
management and biodiversity conservation.
United Nations Development Programme: With $800,000 over three years from UNDP-GEF,
BirdLife International is studying the conservation needs of 34 Important Bird Areas in Sumatra.
The UNDP/GEF Small Grants Program has invested $1.5 million in Indonesia, some of it in
Sumatra. The SGP provides grants of up to $50,000 and other support to community-based
groups and NGOs for activities that address biodiversity conservation.
European Union: The Gunung Leuser Development Programme, with an EU investment of $29
million from 1995-2002, is based on the premise that if the ecosystem is properly conserved, the
ecological services that emanate from it will be of lasting benefit to its 3 million human
residents.
The EU’s investment in the South Sumatra Forest Fire Management Project (SSFFMP) will total
$7.7 million over the next five years. The objective of this project is to establish procedures for a
decentralized mechanism for the rational and sustainable management of Indonesia’s island and
forest resources.
Asian Development Bank: Capacity Building for Decentralized Natural Resources
Management (formerly Decentralized Resource Management Capacity) is a $775,000 project in
preparation to aid the ongoing decentralization process in Indonesia, with the aim of building the
capacity of Provincial and District Planning Agencies (BAPPEDAs) to shoulder their new
responsibility in natural resource management planning and implementation.
Government Agencies
Indonesia: The Indonesian government is working with the EU to co-finance the Gunung Leuser
Development Programme, contributing $16 million from its Reforestation Fund. The government
is adding $13 million to the World Bank and GEF investments in the Kerinci Seblat ICDP.
Through its Directorate General of Forest Protection and Conservation, the government will
allocate $5.2 million over the next 12 months for conservation and protected area management in
Sumatra. According to experts interviewed for this ecosystem profile, this amount is
approximately 20% of the minimum required for proper management and development of
Sumatra’s protected area system.
U.S. Agency for International Development: USAID has awarded Conservation International
$300,000 to raise public awareness of the potential extinction of the orangutan and other
endemic Sumatran species in the Gunung Leuser ecosystem. The project includes capacity
building for park and relevant law enforcement personnel and building a core force of local
monitors within the park that enhance the ability of park guards to protect the orangutan and its
habitat.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: The USFWS Division of International Conservation
Multinational Species Conservation Funds are investing a total of $368,570 in projects on
Sumatra aimed at conserving elephants, tigers and gibbons.
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Nongovernmental Organizations
Conservation International: CI 's groundwork in Sumatra was laid in the early 1990s, with a
small investment in research and support to a local NGO on Siberut Island for assessing
alternative-income development opportunities for buffer zone communities. Since then, CI has
invested more than $300,000 for various conservation projects, including an assessment of the
“Seulawah Corridor” in Aceh, and a carbon-offset feasibility study. (Other CI projects on
Sumatra are listed under GEF and USAID above.)
Save the Tiger Fund: The STF has been investing in tiger conservation initiatives in Sumatra
since 1995. As of 2001, the STF was supporting two field-based projects in Sumatra: a $195,700
grant for a fourth year of the Wildlife Conservation Society’s field study and management of
tigers in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park in southern Sumatra, helping to formulate a
nationwide tiger conservation strategy, and a $95,000 grant to FFI to train authorities in Kerinci
Seblat National Park to prevent tiger poaching.
Wildlife Conservation Society – Indonesia: The WCS has invested in biological research in
Indonesia for more than a decade and now maintains a program office in Bukit Barisan Selatan
National Park. Grants aside, the institution currently is investing $300,000 per year in southern
Sumatra, an amount that has been growing at about 20% per year. Subjects of its current
research in Bukit Barisan Selatan include large mammals; the effects of forest fires on vegetation
and wildlife; orangutan ecology and conservation, and related training of local scientists;
frugivore abundance and distribution in the park and throughout Indonesia; behavioral ecology
of the siamang; and habitat selection and partitioning by squirrels. WCS also is conducting a
conservation assessment for elephants in Lampung Province.
Larger policy initiatives by WCS country directors focus on Lampung Province, and in Bogor
and Jakarta at the national level. The program promotes conservation and stewardship of
Indonesia's rich biodiversity, particularly in Bukit Barisan Selatan. The wide variety of
ecological research is complemented by sociological studies, policy initiatives, and analysis of
data gathered by remote sensing. Using satellite images and GIS, researchers are tracking threats
to Bukit Barisan Selatan, such as logging and land clearing, and their impact on wildlife. In
addition, WCS has plans for helping build capacity of local NGOs to manage natural resources.
World Wide Fund for Nature – Indonesia: WWF – Indonesia has been working with the
Director General of Kerinci Seblat National Park since 1990 to safeguard the park's biodiversity
through a sustainable resource management system. Since 1996, WWF – Indonesia has been
supporting integrated conservation measures in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park with special
emphasis on tigers. Anti-poaching units have just been set up and are operating in the park.
In 1998, WWF – Indonesia began a project to provide long-term technical assistance to relevant
authorities to strengthen implementation of CITES by monitoring traded species and products
and by advising local authorities in the enforcement of trade policies. WWF – Indonesia is
developing a manual for police and customs officials to identify products derived from
endangered species. At the same time, an educational campaign is under development to raise
consumer awareness of wildlife trade regulations.
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As part of the international WWF Asian Rhino and Elephant Action Strategy (AREAS), WWF –
Indonesia is surveying elephant populations, assisting with mitigation of human/wildlife conflict,
monitoring illegal trade (through TRAFFIC) in rhino and elephant parts, and conducting related
communications and outreach efforts. In Sumatra, WWF and local governments are proposing
the Tesso Nilo forest complex as an elephant reserve and demonstration project for mitigation of
human/elephant conflict.
Annually, WWF – US is investing approximately $120,000 in Riau Province for AREAS work,
$50,000 for tiger work in Bukit Tigapuluh, and $125,000 for AREAS in Bukit Barisan Selatan.
13
Figure 2: Conservation Investments in Sumatra
14
CEPF NICHE FOR INVESTMENT IN SUMATRA
Gaps in current and projected conservation investment on Sumatra are not necessarily
programmatic or geographic. Most “gaps” actually result from a lack of conservation success,
caused by the absence of political will and rule of law. CEPF will be a smaller investor than
others who have grappled with these obstacles in the past. However, CEPF will partner with
individuals and organizations in the field who have had small but proven conservation successes
and can place themselves “alongside” civil society, with the aim of engendering stewardship of
forest resources by means specific to each local context.
Stakeholder consultations in compiling this ecosystem profile underscored the need for CEPF to
support people and conservation efforts at the district level and below. They also noted that a
tradition of working in isolation has kept Sumatra’s NGOs fragmented and, therefore, weak in
relation to threats to biodiversity. Fortunately, Sumatran NGOs themselves recognize this
weakness and wish to form coalitions and alliances that will allow them to address key issues in
a manner that avoids duplication of effort, takes advantage of each organization’s strengths, and
builds collective political influence.
Based on these recommendations to focus funds at the local level in support of coordinated
conservation efforts, CEPF will seek projects at the district level and below, with the aim of
enhancing local stewardship of forests and building alliances among conservation-minded
individuals, NGOs and private sector interests. In doing so, CEPF would provide mostly smallto medium-sized grants ($50,000 or less) to civil society for projects and programs that may not
have been beneficiaries of previous conservation investments. Delivering funds in this way will
require working in partnership with new and existing Sumatran conservation projects and
programs.
Because CEPF will be disbursing a relatively small amount of money over five years, the Fund
has chosen a geographic as well as a demographic niche. Four areas of geographic focus were
chosen on the basis of: amount of remaining species-rich lowland forest; estimated time
remaining before that forest disappears; number of existing successful conservation programs
present; and presence of potential conservation partnerships. On the basis of these criteria, CEPF
will focus on the following areas (listed north to south), with the understanding that levels of
funding support will vary according to absorptive capacity of local NGOs and partners, political
climate, biodiversity assessments, and other key factors likely to change over the course of CEPF
investment.
Seulawah–Leuser–Angkola − The stakeholder process for this ecosystem profile, which
included members of the Achinese independence movement, indicated that there are
opportunities to work with local partners in conserving large tracts, if not corridors, of these
relatively well-preserved lowland and montane forests, which are home to orangutans, elephants,
and tigers. Since this is a massive landscape of varying political and religious interests,
partnerships toward a broader corridor-conservation effort will take time to form and coordinate.
However, in part due to inaccessibility caused by civil conflict, these forests may persist longer
than those in the lowlands of central and southern Sumatra.
Siberut Island − The Mentawai Islands adjacent to Sumatra actually hold more endemic
mammals (17) than Sumatra proper (16). Siberut Island is of particular importance for its
15
remaining biodiversity, but also because of its already active conservation-minded civil society.
Small amounts of funding on Siberut are likely to leverage tangible and substantive conservation
results.
Tesso Nilo–Bukit Tigapuluh − These two areas, the Tesso Nilo forest and Bukit Tigapuluh
National Park, are the largest patches of Sumatra’s remaining lowland forests, which some
scientists predict will be gone by 2005 without successful conservation intervention. Surveys
have shown that these areas are home to tigers, elephants, sun bears, and several primate species.
Bukit Barisan Seletan − This gazetted national park has approximately 365,000 hectares of
intact, species-rich hilly lowland forest. Unlike Tesso Nilo-Bukit Tigapuluh, BBS is under less
pressure from illegal logging and, instead, is losing forest at a slower rate primarily due to
encroaching human settlements. It is known for its tiger, elephants, and one of the largest
remaining populations of Sumatran rhinos.
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, it should be noted that CEPF support in Sumatra will be
agile and flexible, as political climate and conservation opportunities dictate.
CEPF INVESTMENT STRATEGY AND PROGRAM FOCUS
Because of Indonesia’s decentralization policy, many opportunities for conservation of
biodiversity in Sumatra lie at the district level and below. Some conservation projects in
Indonesia have shown promise in building the capacity of local communities and organizations
to participate in and advocate for conservation of natural resources. For this reason, the CEPF
niche will focus primarily on enabling key actors at local levels to take on forest stewardship
with adequate capacity, coordination, collaboration, incentives and political voice.
The table below summarizes the strategic funding directions for CEPF in Sumatra.
CEPF Strategic Directions
1.
Enhance stewardship of forest
resources at district level and
below
CEPF Investment Priorities
1.1 Raise awareness of value of ecological services
1.2 Raise awareness of options for benefiting from conservation of ecological services
and forest products
1.3 Raise awareness of responsibility to conserve biodiversity
1.4 Build capacity for planning and implementation of sustainable resource management
1.5 Build capacity of civil society to monitor forest extraction
2.
Empower civil society to
organize in favor of conserving
biodiversity
2.1 Increase representation of civil society in NGOs
2.2 Build capacity of civil society groups to organize forest resource protection functions
2.3 Support NGO activities advocating legal and sustainable forest extraction
2.4 Support NGO activities to stop illegal forest extraction
3.
4.
Build alliances among
conservation-minded groups in
civil society and the private
sector
3.1 Build capacity among NGOs for facilitation and conflict mediation
Assess impact of conservation
interventions at district level
and below
4.1 Build capacity of civil society to map and track activities affecting conservation of
natural resources and changes in biodiversity
3.2 Support collaboration and cooperation among conservation-minded NGOs
3.3 Support communications mechanisms linking conservation-minded NGOs with one
another and the private sector
4.2 Support periodic monitoring of civil society’s attitudes toward biodiversity conservation
in target areas
4.3 Support comprehensive analysis of available data on land use, species presence, and
conservation threats
16
Enhance stewardship of forest resources at district level and below
Conservation failures in Sumatra have shown that civil society at the district level and below
may not realize the value of or potential benefits from conserving ecological services and natural
resources. Therefore, CEPF will support activities which enlist civil society’s appreciation of,
interest in, and action on behalf of stewarding forest resources. In cases where civil society may
already value forest resources, CEPF will support activities which help them understand the
entire menu of options available for livelihoods other than illegal logging or forest clearing for
plantations. In other cases, CEPF may support efforts to raise awareness of the responsibilities
for forest stewardship, as dictated by family or religious values. Some segments of civil society
may already value and desire forest conservation, but lack knowledge of how to do so, in which
cases CEPF would support building such knowledge and skills. Where relevant, CEPF funds
may train civil society how to inventory natural resources and monitor their harvest.
Empower civil society to organize in favor of conserving biodiversity
If the opportunities for reasoned forest-resource management lie at the district level and below,
then local civil society will need to organize and take action against rampant unsustainable —
and oftenillegal — harvest of timber and non-timber forest products. It follows that pockets of
conservation-minded locals will need to learn about, and communicate with, other like-minded
individuals, pooling their efforts and amass political strength. In some cases, CEPF will support
the formation of new NGOs, and in others it will support the expansion of existing NGOs. Once
conservation-minded NGOs are in place, CEPF may support them in varying forms of capacitybuilding, including communications, understanding relevant laws, organizing policy
interventions, natural resource planning and implementation, anti-poaching measures, forest
inventory systems, and wildlife census methods.
Build alliances among conservation-minded groups
in civil society and the private sector
In order to achieve political influence in the face of the overwhelming odds against forest
resource conservation in Sumatra, it will be important for CEPF to support NGOs in combining
their efforts and forming alliances. Given inherent diversity in needs, geographic priorities,
ethnic background, and other factors, NGOs may need specific skills (e.g., facilitation and
conflict mitigation) necessary for forming and maintaining coalitions and alliances. It is
important that alliance members have means to communicate with one another on a regular basis
and to come together for purposes of coordinating activities or political messages andsharing
lessons learned.
Assess impact of conservation interventions
at district level and below
Given the speed at which Sumatra is losing its natural resources, there is little time for trial and
error in conservation investments. It is important, therefore, that CEPF invest in mechanisms
that will build on lessons learned, but also carefully evaluate conservation actions, outcomes, and
outcomes in a timely fashion. It may be necessary to develop alternative scenarios so that, if
planned activities need to be changed quickly, there are contingency plans in place. Therefore, a
comprehensive analysis of available data is needed to assess land use, species presence, and
conservation threats. At the same time, surveying the attitudes of civil society at regular
intervals will be important in understanding their motivations with regard to resource use,
tracking changes of attitudes and behaviors over time, and adapting future conservation efforts
17
accordingly. (It is important to note that these activities are different from the monitoring and
evaluation of each grant.)
SUSTAINABILITY
CEPF’s entry into Sumatra over the next five years offers several opportunities for leveraging
funds. Potential funding partners include the MacArthur Foundation, the Save the Tiger Fund,
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, World Wildlife Fund, and perhaps private-sector investors
from the oil and gas, pulp and paper, and palm oil industries.
However, sustainability of conservation efforts launched during CEPF’s five-year investment in
Sumatra will be essential for the long-term conservation of the island’s biodiversity. For this
reason, it is important that CEPF invest in projects that clearly enlist the support and full
participation of people whose economic well-being and stewardship will be essential to the
continuation of successful conservation initiatives. In addition, a mechanism for long-term
funding of district- and community-level activities is needed to ensure that conservation
initiatives do not stop when CEPF funds are no longer available. Therefore, projects associated
with all strategic directions which pursue creation of trust funds and other sustainable funding
sources or alternative mechanisms of sustainability should receive priority.
CONCLUSION
The needs for biodiversity conservation in Sumatra are arguably some of the most urgent on the
planet. However, the needs are too complex, varied, and widespread for any one organization or
donor to address in full. Nonetheless, CEPF can be a catalyst for biodiversity conservation by
building the capacity of civil society at the local level to advocate and monitor sustainable
resource management policies and practices. CEPF investments will encourage political will for
the rule of law where resource extraction and conservation are concerned. Filling this niche will
require working with grantees who live or work among people best positioned to become
effective long-term stewards of Sumatra’s most species-rich forest lands.
18
An Overview of CEPF’s Portfolio in the Sundaland Biodiversity Hotspot:
Sumatra, the Sum of Four Parts
The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund is in Sumatra to address a biodiversity
emergency. CEPF’s Donor Council decided to activate CEPF in the Sundaland Hotspot
in Sumatra before Kalimantan because of dire predictions from the World Bank and
others that the island’s lowland forests, among the biologically richest on Earth, could be
lost by 2005. These predictions coincided with many large donors pulling large amounts
of funding away from conservation efforts in Sumatra. With the fate of Sumatra’s
biodiversity left at a precipice, the CEPF Donor Council allocated $10 million to the
hotspot − the largest allocation for any region where CEPF is active.
This decision followed a year-long process of consulting with Sumatra’s stakeholders
and conservation experts to agree the highest priorities and actions for conservation.
Stakeholder consultations were held in North, Central, and South Sumatra and included
223 people from local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), local communities,
academic institutions, district governments, forest industries, and the military, as well as
protected area managers, biologists, and economists. This process determined that
CEPF’s niche in Sumatra should be to support projects at the district level and below,
with the aim of enhancing local stewardship of forests and building alliances among
conservation-minded individuals, NGOs, and private sector interests.
To further focus CEPF investments for maximum tangible results on the ground, the
ecosystem profile restricts grantmaking to the following four geographic areas, all of
which were chosen on the basis of their remaining plant and animal diversity:
•
•
•
•
Tesso Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh (central Sumatra);
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (Sumatra’s southern tip);
Northern Sumatra (Sumatra’s two northern-most provinces); and
Siberut Island (in the Mentawai chain off west Sumatra).
With these geographic focal areas in mind, CEPF awards grants to civil society
organizations to:
1. Enhance stewardship of forest resources at the district level and below.
Funding at the local level is especially important because Indonesia only
recently decentralized management of natural resources to allow greater
local control. However, the power shift did little or nothing to build local
capacity or coffers so that local people could effectively use their newfound
sway over biodiversity conservation. This strategic direction focuses on
raising the awareness and skill levels of civil society to enable local people to
act in favor of saving Sumatra’s biodiversity.
1
2. Empower civil society to organize in favor of conserving biodiversity.
This strategic focus aims to build the capacity of civil society to better
understand sustainable resource management and pool efforts in order to
take a more active role in management of local natural resources.
3. Build alliances among conservation-minded groups in civil society and
in the private sector.
This part of the strategy addresses the need for civil society to unite in order
to scale up conservation impact and avoid the common pitfall of good-faith
efforts that fall short because they are too small, too fragmented or fail to
reach the appropriate decisionmakers.
4. Assess the impact of conservation interventions at the district level and
below.
The focus here is on measuring and tracking the effects of conservation
action on natural resources and human attitudes and behaviors.
Each of the strategic directions outlined above is further refined by specific investment
priorities. These investment priorities provide more specific targets for CEPF funding in
the region and are used to inform grantmaking decisions. They are included in the
ecosystem’s investment priority table and on CEPF’s Web site (www.cepf.net).
Coordinating CEPF Grantmaking on the Ground
With the above mandate, CEPF began funding projects in Sumatra in January 2002.
CEPF has “eyes and ears” on the ground in Sumatra in the form of a grant manager,
who works with CEPF’s many partners on a daily basis. The Grant Manager sits within
Conservation International-Indonesia, which serves as the “glue” that unites all Sumatra
grantees under a larger agenda to address, at a national level, issues common to all,
such as cancellation of unsustainable logging concessions and supporting declaration of
new protected areas. The Regional Vice President of CI Indonesia heads an Advisory
Committee, made up of senior managers from WWF Indonesia and the Wildlife
Conservation Society’s Indonesia Program as well as a senior representative of the
Ministry of Forestry, which assists CEPF grantees with matters requiring assistance at
regional and national political levels. A Technical Team also sits within CI Indonesia
ready to assist CEPF grantees who encounter trouble with scientific and technical
aspects of project implementation.
CEPF Grantees Leading by Alliance
The prescribed grant making criteria have inspired a diverse, innovative and effective
portfolio of projects. Just over three years into implementing its five-year investment
strategy in Sumatra, CEPF has funded 57 grants totaling $9.2 million (see Charts 1 and
2 following this overview). Grants range in size from $3,800 to $994,972 with an average
size of $161,905. (The status of the portfolio to date and the timeline of grants awarded
are illustrated in Charts 3 and 4.)
In each of the four areas of geographic focus in Sumatra, CEPF works with a lead
organization that has, with local stakeholder input, formulated a plan for corridor-level
conservation. These lead organizations all agreed to collaborate with and mentor local
partners and help guide CEPF to smaller NGOs with either the capacity or potential to
add significantly to achieving corridor-level outcomes. In each focal area, CEPF
continues to help grantees leverage additional support from other donors. While
2
conservation outcomes have been notably different in the four areas, owing to the nature
of conservation threats and the varying means of mitigating those threats, results are
nonetheless significant and tangible.
Tesso Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh
In Tesso Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh in central Sumatra, WWF Indonesia is the lead
organization. The corridor-level plan here calls for linking five protected areas (one newly
declared) into a 3-million-hectare haven of lowland forest for tigers, elephants, and some
of the highest plant diversity found on Earth.
The heart of the project centers on the Tesso Nilo Forest, which encompasses nearly
200,000 hectares of lowland forest tracts inhabited by Sumatra’s largest remaining
population of wild elephants. When WWF Indonesia began its efforts to conserve Tesso
Nilo, forest concessionaires held all the land. One of these concessions feeds the
second largest paper mill in the world. Against the odds, WWF Indonesia and partners
set about working with Sumatra’s Riau Province, the paper manufacturers and the
consumers of that paper in markets as far away as Japan, Europe, and the United
States, to get all parties on the side of setting aside Tesso Nilo for conservation. On 19
July 2004, Indonesia’s Ministry of Forestry declared 38,578 hectares of Tesso Nilo as a
national park. WWF and it local partners continue to work toward expansion of this core
area to include a total of 200,000 hectares of lowland forest. A significant expansion is
expected to be announced by the government later this year.
WWF Indonesia continues to fulfill its obligations as a lead organization, working sideby-side with more than 24 local NGOs to secure proper management of Tesso Nilo
National Park and expansion of the neighboring Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, as well
as rehabilitation and protection of forested passages that connect Tesso Nilo and Bukit
Tigapuluh with the three other existing protected areas that together make up the Tesso
Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh Conservation Corridor. It is significant to note that the large NGO
alliance mentored by WWF with support from CEPF, called Jikalahari, has grown into a
driving force in the area’s conservation in its own right.
In addition, CEPF support of WWF’s initiative has helped leverage additional
investments of well over $1 million from WWF-Germany, WWF-US, Save The Tiger
Fund, the US Fish & Wildlife Service, and the Government of Australia. Conservation
International’s Global Conservation Fund has matched CEPF funding to expand Bukit
Tigapuluh National Park and is considering contributing to long-term financing for the
park’s management.
This cluster of projects is now being used as a model for WWF in other parts of the
world. Calling it the “local-to-global” approach, WWF-US will be using the Tesso
Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh template for the 15 global priority sites it is currently selecting.
Bukit Barisan Selatan
In Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), the Wildlife Conservation Society is the
lead organization. At 356,800 hectares, BBSNP represents the largest remaining pristine
lowland forest ecosystem in southern Sumatra. It is home to rhinos, elephants, tigers,
tapirs, gibbons, siamangs, and hornbills as well as the entire complement of prey and
plant species needed to sustain them. Unfortunately, during the past 12 years, more
than 20 percent of the forests within the park have been cleared for illegal agriculture.
The long, narrow shape of the park magnifies the conservation threat posed by this
3
encroachment. With an estimated 450,000 people living within 10 kilometers of the
park’s boundary, conserving this jewel of a protected area will require sustained
enlistment of local people.
The WCS Indonesia Program has formed a coalition of nine NGOs to build, in
cooperation with relevant government and park officials, the Conservation Action
Network Program, Indonesia (CANOPI). CANOPI aims to:
• Ensure more involvement of local communities and NGOs in protection and
management of BBSNP.
• Run a training program to teach conservation skills to conservationists and
government officials working in and around BBSNP.
• Supervise fieldwork related to training to ensure that trainees are able to perform
high-priority activities for BBSNP such as boundary marking and mapping;
patrolling for poachers; monitoring key wildlife populations; mitigating humanwildlife conflict; and building local awareness of the need to protect the park.
• Formally link park planning and management to regional government planning
and policy.
• Explore sustainable funding mechanisms for the park’s management over the
long term.
• Cooperate with the Wildlife Crimes Unit in its efforts to stop poaching, illegal
logging, and illegal trade in timber and non-timber forest products from BBSNP.
Aside from WCS, CANOPI’s governing coalition is made up of Indonesian NGOs, while
participants will come from local NGOs, communities, and government agencies. With
the cooperation of WCS, CEPF secured a $900,000 match for CANOPI from the United
Nations Foundation. At the same time, the GEF is considering multi-year funding to
create and sustain CANOPI’s companion Wildlife Crimes Unit.
To address immediate threats to the park while CANOPI is getting started, CEPF
supports Rhino Protection Units (RPUs) in BBSNP run by the Indonesian Rhino
Conservation Program. An external audit found this to be a very effective program, and
CEPF has since helped ensure that other donors will sustain the RPUs once CEPF’s
funding is exhausted.
Northern Sumatra
In Northern Sumatra, CI Indonesia is the lead organization. During a CEPF priorityrefinement process with key partners in the region in early 2002, CI Indonesia learned of
a district head (called “bupati” in Bahasa Indonesia) interested in setting aside a large
tract of forest in his Mandailing Natal District of North Sumatra Province. On 31
December 2003, the bupati declared the 108,000-hectare Batang Gadis (“Virgin River”)
Park.
The new park was endorsed by the local parliament, police, forestry officials, and
community leaders and made headlines for being the first park established at the local
level under Indonesia’s newly decentralized governance of natural resources. In addition
to local political support, the bupati also secured a substantial pledge of financial support
for the park from a local businessman. The central government designated Batang
Gadis a national park on 29 April 2004.
4
One impetus for this local park declaration was severe flooding that killed more than 200
people in the North Sumatra resort area of Bukit Lawang in November 2003. This
disaster brought a great deal of attention to the issue of illegal logging and helped local
stakeholders realize the importance of protecting their watersheds. The Batang Gadis
declaration is particularly important because local people felt a strong sense of
ownership in the process. Owing to a lack of experience, the local government asked CI
Indonesia and its NGO partners to help put in place a cooperative management system
for the park. CI Indonesia continues to work in cooperation with several local and
regional NGOs to assist in securing the park, all of which work closely with government
officials and adjacent communities.
Batang Gadis is home to tigers, rhinos, elephants, tapirs, and other globally threatened
species, as well as some of the world’s highest plant diversity. CI Indonesia is in the
process of scientifically documenting and quantifying the park’s biodiversity. The park
lies at the southern end of the Northern Sumatra Conservation Corridor and could be the
entry point NGOs need to successfully secure protection for large tracts of Sumatra’s
northern forests. The governor of North Sumatra has pledged to work with CI and
partners to set aside more conservation areas within the greater ecosystem.
Unfortunately, however, the earthquake and tsunami of December 2004 has brought
new challenges to the northern portion of the corridor, which lies with in an overwhelmed
Aceh Province (see more on tsunami below.)
CEPF has been joined by the Global Conservation Fund in supporting CI Indonesia and
its partners to secure the welfare of the people and biodiversity in and around Batang
Gadis.
Siberut Island
Siberut, at 403,000 hectares, is the largest of four primary Mentawai Islands off the west
central coast of Sumatra. The island’s interior consists of hilly dipterocarp forests, while
the coast is covered with mangroves. Siberut has been isolated from the mainland of
Sumatra for approximately 500,000 years, which has left it with a high rate of endemism
as well as a unique indigenous culture. In 1981, UNESCO designated Siberut Island a
Biosphere Reserve. In 1993, the Government of Indonesia declared nearly half of the
island a national park. All of these circumstances conspired to make today’s Siberut a
treasure trove of endangered primates, pristine forest, and indigenous clans still living by
ancient methods and mores. Unfortunately, this haven for biological and human diversity
is threatened by logging concessions awarded to outsiders and a shift away from
sustainable traditional lifestyles toward selling forests for cash.
CI Indonesia is CEPF’s designated lead organization on Siberut. Its focus is four-fold:
• Raising awareness of community-based resource management options.
• Turning logging concessions into conservation concessions.
• Helping local communities explore sustainable livelihoods as alternatives to
selling their forests to timber companies.
• Ensuring that the national park is not illegally logged and stopping existing forest
concessions in the buffer zone of Siberut National Park.
CEPF has joined the Global Conservation Fund in supporting CI Indonesia’s vision for
Siberut. GCF also has expressed interest in endowing a long-term funding mechanism
to sustain conservation concessions on Siberut.
5
A community awareness project supported by CEPF on Siberut is of special note.
Centered around a traveling puppet show and a school song written about Siberut’s rich
forests and endemic primate species, the project already has reached 10,000 people in
seven villages and 12 schools − no small accomplishment for a project leader who must
walk three hours between villages.
CEPF also supports the German Primate Centre in its research of five endemic primate
species, which serves as a platform for consolidating support of local clans for
conserving the forests. The project currently leases 4,000 hectares (on a five-year
renewable basis) as part of a broader agreement with a clan to exclude large-scale
logging and non-sustainable land use, fishing, and hunting. Clans are actively involved in
the project, enjoying indirect benefits from employment opportunities and companion
initiatives to bring better education, more medical supplies, and clean water.
Leveraging Additional Donor Support
Much of the additional donor support CEPF has helped secure for its grantees is
mentioned above in the context of specific projects and geographic areas. However, a
summary of the amount of CEPF investment matched by other donors is useful in that it
shows that CEPF has already doubled its donors’ money.
World Bank Supervisory Mission
In November 2004, Michael Carroll of the World Bank conducted a supervisory mission
to assess CEPF implementation in Sumatra. The mission itinerary included visits to the
Tesso Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh corridor and the new Batang Gadis National Park in North
Sumatra. Mr. Carroll met with lead organizations WWF-Indonesia, WCS Indonesia
Program and CI Indonesia, as well as many of their civil society and government
partners.
Upon his return, Mr. Carroll briefed CEPF staff on his conclusions. Among them were
the following:
• Participation of small, local NGOs is plentiful and diverse.
• The portfolio includes innovative projects and partnerships, as well as buy-in
from local governments and civil society and promising efforts to ensure
sustainability of corridor conservation efforts after CEPF funds are no longer
available.
• CEPF grantmakers in Washington and Indonesia have established excellent
team work with one another and with grantees.
• There should be another World Bank mission to Sumatra to promote larger,
follow-on support from the GEF for CEPF-supported projects.
• It is important to "get Sumatra back on the map" for bilateral and multilateral
donors by sharing the successes of CEPF grantees.
CEPF is working to address Mr. Carroll’s suggestions and concerns. Before the
earthquake and tsunamis struck Sumatra on December 26, 2004, CEPF was laying
groundwork for organizing an international donor meeting to share the successes of
CEPF’s grantees in hope that large donors will consider returning to Sumatra. The next
section, entitled “CEPF and Poverty Alleviation in Sumatra”, will discuss how the disaster
has changed the complexion of CEPF’s interventions in Sumatra. CEPF continues to
encourage additional supervisory missions to visit CEPF grantees on the ground.
6
CEPF and Poverty Reduction in Sumatra
The relationship between conservation and human welfare was dramatically illustrated in
Sumatra in November 2003 when an illegally logged area was flooded in by a wall of
mud and debris that killed more than 200 people and devastated an entire community in
the buffer zone of Gunung Leuser National Park. CEPF has supported several projects
aimed at preventing similar disasters in other parts of Sumatra, including the creation of
Batang Gadis National Park mentioned above. A similar CEPF-supported project
resulted in 5,000 villagers living in the buffer zone of Gunung Leuser signing an
agreement with park authorities to stop illegal logging and instead encourage and profit
from ecotourism to their area. Another CEPF-funded project helped forest-dwelling
communities ensure cancellation of logging plans northwest of Bukit Tigapuluh National
Park, thereby protecting the forests they harvest sustainably to sustain their traditional
way of life.
Following the tsunami disaster in December 2004, CEPF joined its partners in rushing to
Aceh Province to offer immediate disaster relief. CEPF was careful to ensure that its
part in the relief effort was in keeping with its mandate to support civil society in
protecting Sumatra’s biodiversity. However, with so much loss of life and property
among government and NGO partners, it was clear that some of the ground gained for
conservation had been lost. In essence, CEPF’s mission in the north of Sumatra,
especially in Aceh, changed to one of rebuilding civil society’s capacity to ensure
conservation.
In the first three months following the tsunami, CEPF and CI Indonesia helped open a
humanitarian post based in the office of a local NGO to provide medical and logistical
support to refugees in and around Banda Aceh. After this initial emergency phase,
CEPF and CI Indonesia agreed a plan with key Aceh-based conservation partners
(including WWF, Flora and Fauna International, WALHI, and government forestry
officials) to provide guidance to Indonesia’s National Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) on
how the rebuilding of Aceh can best take into account environmental concerns.
Meanwhile, CEPF informed grantees affected by the disaster that they could delay or
rethink their project deliverables in light of the many losses suffered by them and their
partners. New needs have emerged, such as finding a source of sustainably harvested
timber that can be used in the rebuilding effort and prevent large-scale felling of
protected forests in Sumatra’s rare and precious intact forests. Basic infrastructure for
conservation NGOs must be rebuilt. Government forestry officials must be trained to
replace the scores who died. The list of needs continues to grow, and CEPF has joined
CI Indonesia and its other partners in trying to secure additional funds specifically
earmarked for conservation.
Conclusion
The Sumatra portfolio is diverse and active realization of CEPF’s goal of making grants
at the grassroots level, catalyzing conservation alliances, and creating collective
conservation interventions that will be sustained well beyond CEPF’s five years in
Sumatra. The portfolio holds a balanced mix of small- and medium-sized grants, as well
as a few large grants that serve to anchor corridor-level conservation efforts. CEPF
hopes that the success of these investments will entice other large donors, especially
bilateral and multilateral funding agencies, to bring their support back to Sumatra in
order to sustain and scale up efforts begun with CEPF support.
7
CEPF is particularly proud of the funding “delivery system” it has proved effective in
Sumatra, ensuring that funds from large donors such as the World Bank and the GEF
reach levels in civil society where small amounts of money can yield significant, local
victories for biodiversity conservation. Achieving this “reach” would not be possible
without a coordination mechanism that has sought out and assisted grantees at the
district level and below, but also stepped in at the highest levels of government to further
the efforts of these grantees when a national “push” was essential for success.
During the coming 18 months, CEPF will be monitoring and evaluating its grantees’
achievements, troubleshooting where necessary, and searching for additional leveraging
opportunities so that the most effective projects can continue. In addition, CEPF will
provide forums in which grantees and grantmakers alike can share lessons learned.
- June 2005
* Prepared for: Improving Linkages Between CEPF and World Bank Operations, Asia Forum,
Medan, Indonesia, June 23-25, 2005.
8
Charts through May 2005: Sundaland Biodiversity Hotspot: Sumatra
Chart 2. Approved Grants by Corridor and Strategic Direction
Chart 1. Approved Grants by Strategic Direction
9
$1,277,822
8
North Sumatra
7
$2,822,559
Tesso Nilo-Bukit Tigapuluh
Multiple
# of Grants
Siberut
1. Enhance stewardship of
resources
2. Empower civil society to
organize
6
3. Alliance building
between NGOs and private
sector
4. Impact assessment of
interventions
5
4
3
2
$2,732,313
1
60
$10,000,000
50
$9,000,000
$8,000,000
40
Approved
Pending
30
Rejected
20
Multiple
Chart 4. Combined Value of Grants Awarded
$7,000,000
$6,000,000
$5,000,000
$4,000,000
$3,000,000
$2,000,000
$1,000,000
10
0
$0
-0
5
Ja
n
4
Ju
l-0
-0
4
Ja
n
3
Ju
l-0
-0
3
Multiple
Ja
n
Tesso NiloBukit
Tigapuluh
2
Siberut
Ju
l-0
North
Sumatra
-0
2
Bukit Barisan
Selatan
Ja
n
# of Grants
Chart 3. Portfolio Status by Strategic Direction
Tesso NiloBukit
Tigapuluh
Total: $9,209,924
Siberut
$117,387
North
Sumatra
$2,259,843
Bukit
Barisan
Selatan
0
Mapped #
Organization Name
Project Title
Strategic Direction
1 Conservation International
Economic Analysis of Tesso Nilo Forest Concessions 1. Enhance stewardship of resources
2 Conservation Management Ltd.
Technical Assistance to WWF Indonesia to Secure
1. Enhance stewardship of resources
the Tesso Nilo Conservation Landscape
CANOPI: A Road Map for Future Management at
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia
2. Empower civil society to organize
Investigation and Campaign About Biodiversity
Concerns Related to the Ladiagalasko Road
Development Plan
Use of Forest Resources in Riau: A Look at Legal and 4. Impact assessment of interventions
Illegal Employment
Incorporating the Investment Strategies and Regional 1. Enhance stewardship of resources
Planning into Building the Master Plan for CANOPI at
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
3 Wildlife Conservation Society
4 Sekretariat Kerjasama Pelestarian Hutan
Indonesia
5 World Wildlife Fund, Inc.
6 Greenomics Indonesia
7 Komunitas Konservasi Indonesia WARSI
8 Riau Mandiri
9 Yayasan Biota Lestari
10 Yayasan Cipta Citra Lestari Indonesia
11 Yayasan Alam Sumatera
12 WWF Indonesia
13 Universitas Syiah Kuala
14 International Rhino Foundation
16 Rare
18 WildAid
Workshop to Formulate Management Strategies for
Bukit Tigapuluh National Park
Workshop to Finalize Vision Map and Development of
Project Design for Tesso Nilo Bukit Tiga Puluh
(TNBT) Landscape
Assessment and Boundary Setting for HighBiodiversity Forests in Angkola, Northern Sumatra
Building Capacity of Locals to Conduct Biodiversity
Surveys in Angkola
Organizing Local Communities to Advocate for
Cancellation of Forest Concession in Bukit Tigapuluh
National Park
Building the Capacity of NGOs to Conserve Forests
and Species in Sumatra's Tesso Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh
Conservation Corridor
Workshop on Planning and Implementing
Conservation Efforts in the Seulawah Ecosystem
Anti-Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers and Other
Megafauna within Bukit Barisan National Park and
Ecosystem, Sumatra, Indonesia
Reassessment of Indonesia's Biosphere Reserves on
Sumatra
Building a Global Constituency for Biodiversity
Conservation
Building a Global Constituency for Biodiversity
Conservation
Assessment and Strategy for Protecting Wildlife and
Timber Resources in the Gunung Leuser Ecosystem
3. Alliance building between NGOs and
private sector
4. Impact assessment of interventions
private sector
Assessment and Strategy for Protecting Wildlife and 1. Enhance stewardship of resources
Timber Resources in the Gunung Leuser Ecosystem
Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Policy Initiative
Planning Grant
Empowering Local Stakeholders to Support
Cancellation of PT Bhara Induk Timber Concession in
Sumatra's Angkola Forest
A Voice of Siberut: Publication and Dissemination of
the Newspaper Pualigoubat
Campaign Against Illegal Logging in Karo Forest
Reserve of the Leuser Ecosystem
Establishing a Framework for Conserving the
Northern Sumatra Biodiversity Corridor (NSC)
Survey of the Distribution of the Orangutan (Pongo
abelii) and the Thomas Leaf Monkey (Presbytis
thomasi) in the Seulawah Ecosystem
Incorporating Local Stakeholders & Conservation into
Riau's Provincial Spatial Planning Process
Collaborative Management as a Tool For Reaching
Consensus Among Stakeholders in Tesso Nilo for
Better Natural Resource Management
Ecotourism Product Development as a Means to
Supplant Illegal Logging in the Tangkahan Area of
Leuser National Park
21 PeaceWork
22 Yayasan Citra Mandiri
23 Yayasan Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup dan
Pelestarian Alam (Yayasan Palapa)
25 Yayasan Ekologi Konservasi Nanggroe Aceh
(Yayasan EKONA)
26 Yayasan Kaliptra
27 Riau Mandiri
28 Indonesian Ecotourism Network
29 Yayasan Ekowisata Aceh
30 Wildlife Conservation Society
31 Yayasan Rumpun Bambu Indonesia
33 Conservation Management Ltd.
34 World Wildlife Fund, Inc.
35 WWF Indonesia
37 Yayasan Bina Ketrampilan Desa
38 National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
Investigations to Support the Cancellation of Three
Forest Concessions in Sumatra's Seulawah
Ecosystem
CANOPI: A Program to Unite and Strengthen the
Conservation of the Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape private sector
in Sumatra, Indonesia Through Information Building,
Capacity Building and Management
Strengthen Community Forest Management in
Sumatra's Seulawah Ecosystem
Implementing the Conservation Concession Approach 4. Impact assessment of interventions
on Sumatra's Siberut Island
Facilitate the Establishment of the Tesso Nilo
Conservation Forest
private sector
Conservation of Sumatra Tiger in Tesso Nilo/Bukit
Tigapuluh Landscape
Creation and Management of the Tesso Nilo
Protected Area as a Centerpiece of Sumatra?s Tesso private sector
Nilo Bukit/Tigapuluh Conservation Corridor
Conservation of the Sumatran Orangutan in the
Northern Sumatra Corridor
Strategy Development for Sumatra's Newly Declared 1. Enhance stewardship of resources
Batang Gadis National Park
Save The Tiger Fund
39 Yayasan Sikap Tulus Untuk Sesama
Documenting and Stopping Economic Loss From
Hydro Plants Slowed by Forest Conversion in Riau
Province
40 Perkumpulan Uma Mentawai
Enhance Community Capacity Through Rattan
Product Development in Northern Siberut
41 Yayasan Bina Ketrampilan Desa
Empowering Local People and Local Government to
Support Batang Gadis National Park
42 Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Gerakan
First Anniversary Celebration for Batang Gadis
Masyarakat Madina Pemantau Apatur Negara
National Park
43 Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Harapan Madina Strengthening Community Commitment to Protect
Batang Gadis National Park
44 United Nations Foundation
Partnership for the Conservation of Sumatran Natural
Heritage
45 Komunitas Konservasi Indonesia WARSI
Expansion of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and
Protection of Its Wider Ecosystem
Batang Gadis National Park Development and
Management Support
* Conservation International
* BirdLife International
* Seleksi Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru
* TRAFFIC International
Region Wide Projects Not Spatially Represented
CEPF Conservation Strategy Preparatory Work in
Sumatra
A Strategy for the Threatened Birds of Asia
Conservation Assessment and Managment Plan for
Threatened Sumatran Species and Red List
Assessment of Threatened Reptiles and Freshwater
Fish
Capacity Building for Financial Operations in CIPhilippines and CI-Indonesia
CEPF Support of Local Partners Sumatra
Human Resources and Educational Program of 34
High School Students to Study in Nine State
Universities in Sumatra in the Year 2003/2004
Asia Wildlife Trade Strategy Planning
private sector
private sector
Motivating Governments to Address Illegal Wildlife in 2. Empower civil society to organize
Southeast Asia
Defining, Refining, and Monitoring Outcomes for
Sumatra
Rapid Response Team for Conservation Investment 2. Empower civil society to organize
in Sumatra
Grantmaking and Partnerships on the Ground in
Sumatra
Approved Grants
Sundaland Hotspot
(Through May 2005)
Strategic Direction 1: Enhance stewardship of forest resources at district level and below
Strengthening Community Commitment to Protect Batang Gadis National Park
Organize and facilitate sub-district meetings as well as a larger district-level forum for representatives of 68
villages adjacent to Batang Gadis National Park as a means of reinforcing and strengthening local
community commitment and action toward protecting the park. This project will be implemented in tandem
with the celebration marking the first anniversary of the park's declaration.
Funding:
$6,519
Grant Term:
12/04-2/05
Grantee:
Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Harapan Madina
First Anniversary Celebration for Batang Gadis National Park
Organize a celebration marking the first anniversary of the declaration of Batang Gadis National Park, as a
means of increasing knowledge of the park's environmental services, solidifying support for protecting the
park's flora and fauna, and raising awareness of conservation-friendly development options adjacent to the
park.
Funding:
$13,210
Grant Term:
12/04-3/05
Grantee:
Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Gerakan Masyarakat Madina Pemantau Apatur Negara
*The original grant term has been increased by one month.
Expansion of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and Protection of Its Wider Ecosystem
Enable expansion of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park by adding defunct logging concessions and rounding
out boundaries for easier park protection measures. This project, which is co-funded by Conservation
International’s Global Conservation Fund, will also explore conservation of adjacent logging concessions
to the west of the park as a means of linking protected areas.
Funding:
$199,547
Grant Term:
10/04-12/06
Grantee:
Komunitas Konservasi Indonesia WARSI
Enhance Community Capacity Through Rattan Product Development in Northern Siberut
Organize and develop capacity of rattan farmers in three villages in northern Siberut to conserve 15,000
hectares of natural forest. This project will educate the local people on conservation issues to demonstrate a
strong relationship between conservation and daily life, such as water/sanitation.
Funding:
$14,913
Grant Term:
8/04-7/05
Grantee:
Perkumpulan Uma Mentawai
Documenting and Stopping Economic Loss From Hydro Plants Slowed by Forest Conversion in Riau
Document and publicize lessons learned from a decision-making process that led to the construction of a
hydro project resulting in local flooding and a shortage of electricity in Bukit Bungkuk, part of the Tesso
Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape. The aim is to help key stakeholders understand and avoid the negative
effects of forest conversion on the provincial economy.
Funding:
$9,999
Grant Term:
4/04-11/04
Grantee:
Yayasan Sikap Tulus Untuk Sesama
*The original grant term has been increased by two months.
Strategy Development for Sumatra's Newly Declared Batang Gadis National Park
Work with Conservation International-Indonesia to ascertain the best role for BITRA’s local coalition of
nongovernmental organizations to help secure the newly declared Batang Gadis National Park.
Funding:
$20,000
Grant Term:
1/04-7/04
Grantee:
Yayasan Bina Ketrampilan Desa
*The original grant term has been increased by four months.
Conservation of the Sumatran Orangutan in the Northern Sumatra Corridor
Continue mobile outreach unit to raise local awareness of the orangutan's conservation needs, further
develop forest walk and educational program at Sibolangit Environmental Interpretation Center and create
an urgent action plan for conserving wild orangutans in the Northern Sumatra corridor.
Funding:
$300,000
Grant Term:
12/03-11/05
Grantee:
Conservation International-Indonesia
Human Resources and Educational Program of 34 High School Students to Study in Nine State
Universities in Sumatra in the Year 2003/2004
Fund 34 students from poor families in their critical first year of studying natural resource management at
state universities in Sumatra. It is hoped this grant will encourage funding from other donors to pay for
subsequent years of study by these potential new conservation leaders.
Funding:
$10,000
Grant Term:
9/03-8/04
Grantee:
Seleksi Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru
Collaborative Management as a Tool For Reaching Consensus Among Stakeholders in Tesso Nilo for
Better Natural Resource Management
Study the successful collaborative natural resource management already underway in Kayan Mentarang,
East Kalimantan as a potential model for collaborative management in the Tesso Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh
Conservation Corridor. This project is part of planning and capacity building for the Tesso Nilo/Bukit
Tigapuluh alliance of nongovernmental
Funding:
$9,998
Grant Term:
7/03-9/03
Grantee:
Riau Mandiri
A Voice of Siberut: Publication and Dissemination of the Newspaper Pualigoubat
Support continued publication of the newspaper 'Pualigoubat' on the Sumatran island of Siberut. With a
circulation of more than 1,000, the newspaper published by a
nongovernmental organization has become known as "the voice of Mentawains" in conserving their natural
resources.
Funding:
$9,633
Grant Term:
4/03-8/03
Grantee:
Yayasan Citra Mandiri
Establishing a Framework for Conserving the Northern Sumatra Biodiversity Corridor (NSC)
Develop a project-level framework for taking the lead in conserving the Northern Sumatra Conservation
Corridor, as well as identifying conservation outcomes (e.g. hectares/species targeted for conservation) in
the corridor, which encompasses the Seulawah Ecosystem, the Leuser Ecosystem, the Western Toba
Watershed and the Angkola region.
Funding:
$589,703
Grant Term:
3/03-9/04
Grantee:
*The original grant term has been increased by one year and two months and the original funding amount
has been increased by $364,924.
Assessment and Strategy for Protecting Wildlife and Timber Resources in the Gunung Leuser
Ecosystem
Assess natural resource law enforcement needs for protecting the Gunung Leuser Ecosystem in the
Northern Sumatra Biodiversity Corridor. WildAid, with its extensive law enforcement experience, will
partner with Conservation International-Indonesia for its extensive Indonesia experience.
Funding:
$154,490
Grant Term:
2/03-12/04
Grantee:
WildAid
*The original grant term for WildAid has been extended by 10 months. The Conservation International
grant for this project was cancelled in 2003; its total grant amount was subsequently decreased by
Assessment and Strategy for Protecting Wildlife and Timber Resources in the Gunung Leuser
Ecosystem
Assess natural resource law enforcement needs for protecting the Gunung Leuser Ecosystem in the
Northern Sumatra Biodiversity Corridor. WildAid, with its extensive law enforcement experience, will
partner with Conservation International-Indonesia for its extensive Indonesia experience.
Funding:
$16,380
Grant Term:
2/03-9/03
Grantee:
*The original grant term for WildAid has been extended by 10 months. The Conservation International
grant for this project was cancelled in 2003; its total grant amount was subsequently decreased by
Incorporating the Investment Strategies and Regional Planning into Building the Master Plan for
CANOPI at Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Assist the Wildlife Conservation Society’s Indonesia Program in developing a more comprehensive,
consensus-based master plan for the Conservation Action and Network Program (CANOPI) in and around
Bukit Barisan Selatan National
Funding:
$9,950
Grant Term:
10/02-12/02
Grantee:
Greenomics Indonesia
*Wildlife Conservation Society, Watala, Alas, International Rhino Foundation, WWF-Indonesia, Bukit
Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung Regional Planning Board
Workshop to Formulate Management Strategies for Bukit Tigapuluh National Park
Develop a strategy together with local organizations for concerted conservation activities in the Jambi
portion of the Tesso Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh landscape and incorporate the results into the five-year vision
map for the entire landscape, which CEPF will use as a guide to its grant making.
Funding:
$6,075
Grant Term:
10/02-3/03
Grantee:
Komunitas Konservasi Indonesia WARSI
*The original grant term has been increased by three months.
Capacity Building for Financial Operations in CI-Philippines and CI-Indonesia
Increase the capacity of Conservation International-Philippines and Conservation International-Indonesia to
develop, manage and report on conservation projects. Focus on budget development and financial
management elements required to ensure well-designed and managed projects through institutional capacity
building, operational strengthening and increasing decentralization of project management.
Funding:
$64,797
Grant Term:
7/02-3/03
Grantee:
*This is a multiregional project covering two hotspots; the total grant amount is $129,594. The original
funding has been increased by $5,000 and the grant term by three months.
CANOPI: A Road Map for Future Management at Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia
Hold a series of workshops and meetings to garner stakeholder support for the CANOPI project, which is
designed to provide conservation capacity building in and around Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park.
Next steps will include a needs assessment, construction of a central database, the production of a provincewide book on biodiversity conservation and coalition building through a clear definition of roles and
responsibilities.
Funding:
$65,970
Grant Term:
7/02-12/02
Grantee:
Wildlife Conservation Society
Economic Analysis of Tesso Nilo Forest Concessions
Synthesize existing information on the political and legal context for protecting the forests of Tesso Nilo
and analyze the political, legal and economic feasibility of potential conservation concessions as a means of
forest protection.
Funding:
$28,827
Grant Term:
5/02-8/02
Grantee:
*The original grant term has been increased by one month and the funding amount decreased by $3,258.
A Strategy for the Threatened Birds of Asia
Produce a framework for bird conservation in Asia that will be a key document for biodiversity
conservation in Asia for the next 10 years. Condense the vast source book Threatened Birds of Asia into a
prospectus of about 150 pages and make it available to a large number of users as a book, CD-ROM and
via the Internet.
Funding:
$80,981
Grant Term:
5/02-4/04
Grantee:
BirdLife International
*This is a multiregional project covering three hotspots; the total grant amount is $242,943.The original
grant term has been increased by nine months and the original funding amount has been increased by
$11,920.
CEPF Conservation Strategy Preparatory Work in Sumatra
Conduct visits to three of the four priority sites identified and meet with local and international NGOs and
communities to introduce the CEPF and to identify potential partners. Develop baseline maps for the areas
and conduct a workshop to develop agreed-upon maps illustrating five-year vision for these areas.
Funding:
$142,891
Grant Term:
1/02-8/02
Grantee:
Technical Assistance to WWF Indonesia to Secure the Tesso Nilo Conservation Landscape
Focus the efforts of the province's conservation groups on the Tesso Nilo conservation landscape to make
best use of their respective constituency, skills and motivation and ultimately, result in a suite of proposals
to secure Tesso Nilo as a protected area.
Funding:
$165,000
Grant Term:
1/02-6/03
Grantee:
Conservation Management Ltd.
*The original grant term as been increased by six months.
Strategic Direction 2: Empower civil society to organize in favor of conserving biodiversity
Partnership for the Conservation of Sumatran Natural Heritage
Develop networking and partnership approaches to build and strengthen collaboration among government,
civil society, and the private sector for the conservation of the rainforest heritage of Sumatra, Indonesia.
Funding:
$900,000
Grant Term:
1/05-12/06
Grantee:
United Nations Foundation
Motivating Governments to Address Illegal Wildlife in Southeast Asia
Boost political support for controlling illegal resource-use activities, with a special focus on illegal wildlife
trade, by convening a group of pro-conservation parliamentarians in Southeast Asia to meet regularly on
priority issues related to combating illegal logging, fishing, and wildlife trade.
Funding:
$5,000
Grant Term:
11/04-1/05
Grantee:
Conservation International-Center for Conservation and Government
*This is a multiregional project covering three hotspots; the total grant amount is $15,000.
Empowering Local People and Local Government to Support Batang Gadis National Park
Garner support for conservation among communities adjacent to the new Batang Gadis National Park
(BGNP) and thus contribute to saving 108,000 hectares of Batang Gadis forest and, ultimately, 400,000
hectares of Angkola forest integral to the larger Leuser Ecosystem and the Northern Sumatra Biodiversity
Conservation Corridor. The grant recipient - a consortium of four local groups - will empower local
communities and governments at the village level through participation in creation of the park and its
management schemes, as well as exploration of biodiversity-friendly economic
Funding:
$260,000
Grant Term:
10/04-12/06
Grantee:
Yayasan Bina Ketrampilan Desa
Rapid Response Team for Conservation Investment in Sumatra
Provide technical and/or political support and troubleshooting for CEPF-supported grantees and
conservation initiatives in Sumatra. An advisory committee made up of senior nongovernmental and
government representatives will provide the political support, while a team made up of experienced
scientists and project managers will provide technical assistance. Both will work closely with CEPF's
Sumatra grant manager.
Funding:
$156,752
Grant Term:
10/04-12/06
Grantee:
Conservation of Sumatra Tiger in Tesso Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape
Raise capacity of teams in Tesso Nilo/Bukit Tigapuluh conservation corridor to monitor tigers and stop
tiger poaching as well as build awareness of local communities about the nature and value of the biological
diversity in an around them.
Funding:
$233,874
Grant Term:
1/04-12/05
Grantee:
World Wildlife Fund, Inc.
*The original grant term has been increased by one year.
Save The Tiger Fund
Award small- and medium-sized grants to partners working to save Asia’s wild tigers, tiger prey species
and tiger habitats and/or to address the threat posed to tigers by illegal wildlife trade.
Funding:
$500,000
Grant Term:
1/04-12/06
Grantee:
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
*This is a multiregional project covering two hotspots; the total grant amount is $1 million. The original
funding amount has been increased by $500,000.
Investigations to Support the Cancellation of Three Forest Concessions in Sumatra's Seulawah
Ecosystem
Encourage the cancellation of three logging concessions in Aceh Province within the biodiversity-rich
Seulawah Ecosystem, via documenting forest concessionaires’ practices and gathering public opinions in
the three districts where the concessions are located.
Funding:
$58,420
Grant Term:
9/03-12/04
Grantee:
Yayasan Ekowisata Aceh
*The original grant term has been increased by four months.
Strengthen Community Forest Management in Sumatra's Seulawah Ecosystem
Develop and implement locally run adaptive forest management for 25,000 hectares to serve as a model for
Northern Sumatra’s Seulawah Ecosystem.
Funding:
$227,180
Grant Term:
9/03-8/06
Grantee:
Yayasan Rumpun Bambu Indonesia
Ecotourism Product Development as a Means to Supplant Illegal Logging in the Tangkahan Area of
Leuser
Build the capacity of local groups in Tangkahan, a village in the buffer zone of Gunung Leuser National
Park, to develop and produce ecotourism products. It is expected that successful ecotourism in Tangkahan
will slow illegal logging in this portion of the
national park.
Funding:
$22,325
Grant Term:
7/03-1/04
Grantee:
Indonesian Ecotourism Network
Incorporating Local Stakeholders & Conservation into Riau's Provincial Spatial Planning Process
This project will enlist local stakeholders in Raiu's Provincial Spatial Planning (PSP) process, which at this
time poses allocation of almost 50
Funding:
$46,081
Grant Term:
4/03-9/03
Grantee:
Yayasan Kaliptra
*The original funding amount has been decreased by $193.
Campaign Against Illegal Logging in Karo Forest Reserve of the Leuser Ecosystem
Collect information on illegal logging in Karo, which is part of the buffer zone of the Leuser Ecosystem in
the Northern Sumatra Conservation Corridor. Results will be brought to the attention of local communities
and decisionmakers in hope of gaining their support to combat illegal logging.
Funding:
$9,785
Grant Term:
4/03-8/03
Grantee:
Yayasan Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup dan Pelestarian Alam (Yayasan Palapa)
Empowering Local Stakeholders to Support Cancellation of PT Bhara Induk Timber Concession in
Sumatra's Angkola Forest
Garner the support of local communities for securing the 50,000-hectare PT Bhara Induk timber concession
as a protected forest in the Angkola region of the Northern Sumatra Conservation Corridor.
Funding:
$9,960
Grant Term:
3/03-6/03
Grantee:
PeaceWork
Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Policy Initiative Planning Grant
Re-establish Conservation International-Indonesia's physical presence in Sumatra's civil war-torn Aceh
Province and rally key decisionmakers and stakeholders to act in favor of conserving Aceh's forests and
wildlife. A key output will be an assessment of the conservation and economic options for mitigating
threats to biodiversity.
Funding:
$221,939
Grant Term:
1/03-10/03
Grantee:
*The original grant term has been increased by three months and the funding amount decreased by $280.
Anti-Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers and Other Megafauna within Bukit Barisan National Park
and Ecosystem, Sumatra, Indonesia
Continue and expand existing forest patrols that protect rhinos, tigers and elephants in the Bukit Barisan
Selatan National Park and ecosystem. Deliverables include confiscation of traps, apprehension and
prosecution of poachers, and an evaluation of the patrols'
effectiveness.
Funding:
$690,585
Grant Term:
1/03-12/05
Grantee:
International Rhino Foundation
*The original funding has been increased by $322,875 and the original grant term has been increased
by two years.
Reassessment of Indonesia's Biosphere Reserves on Sumatra
Support and play a leadership role in a MAB Biosphere Reserve Workshop in Indonesia, with particular
regard to Sumatra's Leuser Ecosystem and Siberut Island. The project's purpose is to strengthen linkages
among stakeholders working toward conserving the reserves.
Funding:
$7,367
Grant Term:
12/02-2/03
Grantee:
*The original funding amount has been decreased by $133.
Building a Global Constituency for Biodiversity Conservation
Implement a series of targeted public awareness and education campaigns in nine hotspots in Africa, Asia
and Latin America. Campaign leaders participate in an intensive training course at the UK's Kent
University or Mexico's Guadalajara University, prepare detailed plans to implement campaigns, link with a
local organization in their region and
commit to a minimum two years with that organization.
Funding:
$460,120
Grant Term:
12/02-6/06
Grantee:
Rare ($314,776.20) and
*Conservation International ($145,344.20) This is a multiregional project covering nine hotspots; the total
grant amount is $1,993,854.98 (Rare $1,364,030 and Conservation International $629,825).
The original total funding to Rare has been reduced by $205,000 and to CI, increased by $205,000.
Organizing Local Communities to Advocate for Cancellation of Forest Concession in Bukit
Tigapuluh
Build the capacity of local people to advocate and publicize the need for cancellation of a forest concession
in the northwest of Sumatra's Bukit Tigapuluh National Park.
Funding:
$9,985
Grant Term:
12/02-4/03
Grantee:
Yayasan Alam Sumatera
Investigation and Campaign About Biodiversity Concerns Related to the Ladiagalasko Road
Development
Prevent additional forest loss in the Leuser ecosystem by informing decision makers about the
environmental consequences of the Ladiagalasko Road. Conduct research and interviews during a five-day
trip in the area of the road development and produce a report to be used as a tool to inform the project. The
trip will include members of the media,
nongovernmental organizations and parliament.
Funding:
$10,000
Grant Term:
9/02-12/02
Grantee:
Sekretariat Kerjasama Pelestarian Hutan Indonesia
Building the Capacity of NGOs to Conserve Forests and Species in Sumatra's Tesso Nilo/Bukit
Tigapuluh Conservation Corridor
Raise the capacity of an alliance of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Sumatra's Riau and Jambi
provinces to effectively discuss biodiversity considerations in land use and land tenure issues with decision
makers at all levels of government, key stakeholders and national and international media.
Funding:
$184,297
Grant Term:
7/02-12/03
Grantee:
WWF Indonesia
*The original grant term has been increased by six months.
CEPF Support of Local Partners Sumatra
Support for the position of a local grant manager who will help build capacity of potential grantees in
Sumatra to complement the work of existing CEPF grantees and to increase successful applications for
grants. This position will also work with grantees to ensure accurate and productive monitoring and
evaluation of CEPF-funded projects.
Funding:
$290,849
Grant Term:
7/02-4/05
Grantee:
*The original grant term has been increased by one year and ten months and the original funding amount
has been increased by $162,849.
Strategic Direction 3: Build alliances among conservation-minded groups in civil society and the
private
Batang Gadis National Park Development and Management Support
Assist the local government and communities adjacent to the Batang Gadis National Park with creating a
co-management regime, as well as exploring economic development opportunities that will help sustain
conservation of the park’s biodiversity while bettering the lives of affected communities in northern
Sumatra.
Funding:
$482,500
Grant Term:
7/04-12/06
Grantee:
Asia Wildlife Trade Strategy Planning
Undertake consultations with Save The Tiger Fund, WildAid and CEPF representatives regarding an Asiawide strategy to more effectively address the threat of wildlife trade to biodiversity conservation.
Funding:
$5,302
Grant Term:
1/04-3/04
Grantee:
TRAFFIC International
*This is a multiregional project covering two hotspots; the total grant amount is $10,604.
Creation and Management of the Tesso Nilo Protected Area as a Centerpiece of Sumatra’s Tesso
Nilo Bukit/Tigapuluh Conservation Corridor
Encourage federal and provincial governments to designate Tesso Nilo, a last stronghold of Sumatra’s fastdisappearing lowland forest, as a protected area and help to put in place a protected area management
system endorsed and run by local stakeholders.
Funding:
$994,972
Grant Term:
1/04-12/05
Grantee:
WWF Indonesia
*The original funding amount has been increased by $100.
CANOPI: A Program to Unite and Strengthen the Conservation of the Bukit Barisan Selatan
Landscape in Sumatra, Indonesia Through Information Building, Capacity Building and
Management
Conserve the ecosystems of the Bukit Barisan Selatan landscape via training local people to monitor
biodiversity and to both develop and implement an integrated management
regime.
Funding:
$301,902
Grant Term:
10/03-11/04
Grantee:
*The original grant term has been increased by eight months
Facilitate the Establishment of the Tesso Nilo Conservation Forest
Facilitate the multi-stakeholder-driven development of Tesso Nilo as a conservation forest supported by
local people and governments, a variety of donors and the international business community that utilizes
paper and other products derived
from Sumatra forests.
Funding:
$319,318
Grant Term:
7/03-12/05
Grantee:
Conservation Management Ltd.
Workshop on Planning and Implementing Conservation Efforts in the Seulawah Ecosystem
Organize a workshop with local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to reach a concensus on how
NGOs will work together to conserve biodiversity in the Seulewah ecosystem of North Sumatra.
Funding:
$5,546
Grant Term:
12/02-1/03
Grantee:
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Workshop to Finalize Vision Map and Development of Project Design for Tesso Nilo Bukit Tiga
Puluh
Support for a workshop in which key stakeholder organizations will come together in Tesso Nilo/Bukit
Tigapuluh to finalize the creation of a consensus-made five-year vision map to guide CEPF investment in
the region.
Funding:
$3,789
Grant Term:
11/02-2/03
Grantee:
Riau Mandiri
Strategic Direction 4: Assess impact of conservation interventions at district level and below
Grantmaking and Partnerships on the Ground in Sumatra
Facilitate all aspects of CEPF grantmaking and partnerships on the ground in Sumatra, including working
with grantees on troubleshooting, sharing lessons learned and leveraging funds to enlarge and/or sustain
CEPF-supported projects.
Funding:
$307,077
Grant Term:
1/05-12/06
Grantee:
Defining, Refining, and Monitoring Outcomes for Sumatra
Refine priorities and opportunities for achieving tangible conservation in Sumatra and build the capacity of
Indonesia’s civil society to monitor the status of biodiversity based on quantifiable outcomes.
Funding:
$300,000
Grant Term:
10/04-6/06
Grantee:
Implementing the Conservation Concession Approach on Sumatra's Siberut Island
Facilitate steps necessary to keep logging concession cancelled on Siberut Island from slipping back into
commercial status, through blocking related lawsuit and garnering public support for conservation of
former concessions as protected areas.
Funding:
$92,841
Grant Term:
11/03-10/04
Grantee:
*The original grant term has been increased by eight months.
Survey of the Distribution of the Orangutan (Pongo abelii) and the Thomas Leaf Monkey (Presbytis
thomasi) in the Seulawah Ecosystem
Survey the presence of orangutans (Pongo abelii) and Thomas leaf monkeys (Presbytis thomasi) in the
Seulawah Ecosystem, including three protected areas and two virgin forest tracts.
Funding:
$5,023
Grant Term:
4/03-8/04
Grantee:
Yayasan Ekologi Konservasi Nanggroe Aceh (Yayasan EKONA)
*The original grant term has been increased by one year.
Building Capacity of Locals to Conduct Biodiversity Surveys in Angkola
Train local people in biodiversity survey methods to assess the conservation status of key sites in northern
Sumatra, complementing and assisting a similar CEPF-funded initiative by Yayasan Biota Lestari in
Sumatra's Angkola region.
Funding:
$10,000
Grant Term:
11/02-7/03
Grantee:
Yayasan Cipta Citra Lestari Indonesia
*The original grant term has been increased by three months.
Assessment and Boundary Setting for High-Biodiversity Forests in Angkola, Northern Sumatra
Assess the biodiversity of Angkola and the boundaries of forest tracts of high biodiversity. The Angkola
region is thought to be a valuable part of the northern Sumatra biodiversity corridor though little of its
current biodiversity has been documented.
Funding:
$9,333
Grant Term:
11/02-1/03
Grantee:
Yayasan Biota Lestari
Use of Forest Resources in Riau: A Look at Legal and Illegal Employment
Conduct a study of employment connected with forest sector industries in Riau Province, Sumatra with
emphasis on the Tesso Nilo Forest as part of a feasibility study for conservation concession potential.
Funding:
$48,081
Grant Term:
10/02-9/03
Grantee:
World Wildlife Fund, Inc.
*The original grant term has been increased by four months and the funding amount has been decreased by
$1,351.
Conservation Assessment and Managment Plan for Threatened Sumatran Species and Red List
Assessment of Threatened Reptiles and Freshwater Fish
Conduct a Red List assessment of fresh water fish and reptiles in Sumatra that have yet to be assessed.
Work will be done with species experts to develop broad recommendations for research and management
of these and other already assessed species to result in well-targeted activities to address threats affecting
those species.
Funding:
$100,838
Grant Term:
7/02-11/03
Grantee:
*The original grant term has been increased by eleven months and the funding amount decreased by
Conservation Highlights
E-News
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Aceh: Community Spirit Enables First Steps – February 2005
Civil Society Groups Lead Relief Efforts – January 2005
Marketing Social Change – November 2004
Indonesia Declares Tesso Nilo National Park – August 2004
Cutting a New Path for Illegal Loggers in Sumatra – August 2004
UN Foundation and CEPF Join Forces in Sumatra – July 2004
Indonesia Declares Batang Gadis National Park – May 2004
New Protected Area Action for Indonesia and the Philippines – March 2004
Partnership for Tiger Action – March 2004
Local Leaders Declares New National Park in Sumatra – February 2004
Blueprint to Halt Asia’s Bird Extinction Crisis – November 2003
Rhino Protection Units Stop Poachers in Sumatra – October 2003
Talang Mamak, Groups Win Forest Protection in Sumatra – September 2003
Students Get Off to Strong Start for Conservation Education – August 2003
Groups Intensify Anti-Poaching Patrols in Sumatra – January 2003
Alliance Makes Strides to Save Sumatra Lowland Forest – July 2002
Inside Sumatra – April 2002
CEPF Expands to Nine Hotspots – March 2002
Other Highlights
•
•
•
•
•
•
WWF-US Strategy (Influenced by CEPF-supported WWF Tesso Nilo Project)–
March 2005, WWF
Assessment: Rhino Patrol Units in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park – November
2003
Project Summary: Partnership for the Conservation of Sumatran Natural Heritage
Announcement: Save the Tiger Fund Announces Alliance with Critical Ecosystem
Partnership Fund
Press Release: WWF Welcomes Indonesian Government’s Declaration of Tesso Nilo
National Park Major Step to Save Indonesia’s Last Sumatran Tigers and Elephants –
August 2004
Newsletter: Tesso Nilo Voice – October 2004
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Aceh: Community Spirit
Enables First Steps
CEPF NEWS
Press Releases
In Focus, February 2005
E-News Top Stories
by Ben Jolliffe
In Focus Features
Buildings and fields remain undamaged in the five
small villages of Lampanah Adat, a traditional
community of fishermen, farmers and foresters located
just two hours from Sumatra’s northern provincial
capital of Banda Aceh.
WHERE WE WORK
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© CI, photo by Haroldo
Castro
Volunteers came from
throughout Indonesia. This
The community didn’t escape unscathed from the recent energetic group meets at
earthquake and tsunami, however. They lost 53 people: Yayasan Leuser Lestari
Many of the villagers’ children were away at schools in (YLL), an NGO in Medan,
before leaving for Banda
the hard hit capital while some women visiting friends
Aceh and Meulaboh.
and relatives also never returned.
Yet the citizens of Lampanah Adat have set about
rebuilding their lives and helping their neighbors with
emergency supplies and in tackling the complex tasks
of damage assessment and reconstruction.
Many of them went first to the local office of Yayasan
Rumpun Bambu Indonesia (YRBI), a community-based
forest management group funded by the Critical
Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), where volunteers © CI
helped to coordinate efforts.
Conservation International
CEO Peter Seligmann (left)
Sanusi Syarief, the head of YRBI who has been
and CEPF Sumatra Grant
working with Lampanah Adat for a number of years,
Manager Purbasari Surjadi
was amazed at how quickly and how effectively they
take a break outside the
organized themselves.
Aceh Humanitarian Post in
Aceh.
"We have been assisting this community for some time,
helping them regain their independence and
encouraging them to take an active role in managing
their resources but I wasn’t expecting anything like this
– especially given the scale of the disaster. Most people
are in shock or just trying to find their own families,"
Syarief said.
Network of Support
YRBI has been working with about 40 similar
communities in the province of Aceh, where indigenous
customs and beliefs built up over hundreds of years are
interwoven with Muslim practices introduced in the
18th century.
A wider network of friendship and acquaintance has
been created, fostered by the shared experience of
meetings and negotiations held by YRBI and a sense of
mutual concern was clear in the aftermath of the
earthquake. However, these adat communities lack
secure legal status, which weakens their position both
with local government and timber concessions in the
area.
Furthermore, there is a great deal of variation among
communities even within Aceh Province. Complex
relationships within each community are managed
through a consensual style of politics that requires
lengthy discussions, especially in matters regarding
natural resource management.
An hour west of Banda Aceh, however, in the eight
villages of Kreung Raya, YRBI has been working since
2001 to help the community counter these particular
problems. The group has concentrated on helping the
community strengthen its bargaining power with local
government decisionmakers and private sector
companies and thus to gain a greater say in how its
marine resources are managed.
Emergency Relief, Education and Conservation
The experience gained has been invaluable in helping
Aceh Humanitarian Post (AHP), a consortium of local
and international nongovernmental organizations, to
establish the only community-based emergency relief
center outside the provincial capital.
Responsibilities have been delegated and work has
started quickly not in only distributing medical help but
also with education and conservation efforts as well.
Doctors from the Asia Medical Students Association
joined finance and community organizers from YRBI
and Yayasan Ekowista Aceh, while field volunteers
from the local environmental group MAPAYAH
worked with staff from EKONA. Volunteers from
Conservation International’s (CI) nearby Bodogol
Conservation Education Center have been helping
school children in informal school sessions while both
CI and CEPF have been able to provide funding and
strategic assistance.
To date, CEPF has
committed more than $8.9
million to support civil
society groups in
conserving Sumatra’s
natural resources. Learn
more about these grants.
You can share your
comments about this story
or ideas for future In
Focus features. Contact
Ben Jolliffe.
Related story: Civil Society
Groups Lead Relief Efforts
“AHP is the only group providing aid at the community
level outside Banda Aceh that stays with the community
there,” said Purbasari Surjadi, CEPF Sumatra grant
manager (see photo, above right).
“What we want to do next is create a mobile medical
service for the five other villages in the area and expand
provision to include educational assistance and advice
on reconstruction,” she said. “School plays a key role in
helping children resume a normal life. It’s also very
important that materials for rebuilding come from
sustainable resources, otherwise these communities risk
losing their future livelihoods.”
The loss of many community leaders makes the work of
reconstruction that much harder but reports indicate that
the Acehenese are choosing representatives to meet the
needs of the moment, even if their traditional or
administrative leaders have died or are missing.
These communities can still not own land outright by
Indonesian law and neither is land tenure nor traditional
adat land ownership recognized. Furthermore, whenever
community leaders die, regulations on those rights that
do exist need to be renegotiated. Thus, where
communities have lost land and leaders, their problems
can effectively be doubled.
But active involvement in reconstruction negotiations
with local government and with other communities
could be one way in which individuals begin healing
their emotional and psychological wounds as well as
gaining crucial leadership experience for the future.
New Responsibilities Help Survivors Start to Heal
Both the World Bank and the United Nations have
repeatedly stressed the importance of involving local
communities in the reconstruction effort for precisely
these reasons. With a third or even a half of civil
servants killed in some areas, the role of new
community leaders is likely to become even more
important.
This opinion is also shared by The National
Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS). The
agency published a Preliminary Damage and Loss
Assessment on January 19 noting that "in order to
match aid efforts with their needs, local communities
need to be informed of their options as they re-establish
livelihoods. The reconstruction process should take
direction from them."
Compounding the complexity of reconstruction,
however, is the uncertainty surrounding imminent
government decisions on relocation of refugees from
communities destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami.
"Where adat communities are relocated to new areas,
they may not have the same rights to land and
resources," Surjadi said. "Even if there are no other
communities in the relocated area, it is not easy to claim
new rights. There are also concerns about lands left
behind."
Logging Threat
Communities may also find it difficult to safeguard
their resources when timber demand for reconstruction
increases. The reconstruction effort in Aceh is likely to
require between 4 and 8 million cubic meters of logs
over the next five years, according to a report published
January 27 by WWF-Indonesia and Greenomics
Indonesia, a policy research institution.
In order to prevent the felling of thousands of hectares
of Sumatra's dwindling forests, the report calls for
foreign donors to include sustainably sourced timber
amid the billions of dollars of aid that they have
pledged for relief and reconstruction efforts.
Wood is required initially for building temporary
accommodation for the estimated 500,000 people forced
from their homes. Low-cost housing, office buildings,
hospitals, schools and houses of worship will then take
priority.
The two groups estimate that an alternative supply of 1
million cubic meters per year could help offset the huge
demand.
In related efforts, CEPF is enabling its grant recipients
in the area to spend remaining funds on items or
services to get conservationists back on their feet and
working again. As CEPF Asia Grant Director Judy
Mills explained: "The challenge for us now is to work
out how to help rebuild the devastated areas of Sumatra
without destroying the ecological services and resources
that remain intact."
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Civil Society Groups Lead
Relief Efforts
January 2005
On tsunami-ravaged Sumatra, the daily business of
many local conservationists changed overnight from
working to preserve the Indonesian island's unique
natural resources to leading relief efforts to help their
fellow citizens.
© DigitalGlobe
Aceh shore, from imagery
collected Dec. 28.
WHERE WE WORK
RECENT GRANTS
APPLY FOR GRANTS
In the northern city of Medan, Conservation
International and Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
(CEPF) colleagues joined three emergency coalitions of
CEPF grant recipients and other partners to collect and
deliver food, medicine and water supplies bound for the
© DigitalGlobe
devastated Aceh and North Sumatra provinces.
Aceh shore from imagery
collected before the
While the usual 10-hour drive from Medan to Aceh is
tsunami.
now significantly lengthier and arduous due to the
destruction of roads, bridges and other infrastructure, a
number of coalition trucks managed to deliver supplies.
Along the route back to collect more supplies, the team
helped collect and bury bodies - a grim yet necessary
task.
"It's so late, and the families cannot do that - it's too
traumatic," CEPF Grant Manager Purbasi Surjadi
reported from Medan on Jan. 6, 10 days after a
powerful earthquake off the island's coast triggered a
tsunami across Asia and even parts of Africa.
The tidal waves claimed the lives of more than 150,000
people in 12 nations at the latest count, and left tens of
thousands missing and millions more without housing,
water or food supplies.
In Indonesia, the hardest hit of the nations, more than
104,000 people are dead and an estimated 77,000
missing. In Sumatra, where whole communities were
washed away in the north, the devastation seems
apocalyptic.
© CI Indonesia
Relief workers battle
destroyed roads and
treacherous conditions to
deliver food, clothing,
water, and other needed
supplies to victims of the
tsunami in northern
Sumatra.
"I have never seen such utter destruction mile after
mile," U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan told
reporters after touring the area with World Bank
President James Wolfensohn and others on Jan. 7. "You
wonder where are the people? What has happened to
them?"
More than 60 CEPF nongovernmental and
governmental partners are among the dead in Sumatra, a
focal area for CEPF investments.
The program launched a $10 million investment
strategy for Sumatra in 2002 with the aim of building
civil society at the village, municipal and provincial
levels to help conserve the island's biodiversity.
Support at the local level was key. Indonesia only
recently decentralized management of natural resource,
creating an opportunity to build local capacity and
coffers so that local people could effectively participate
in and benefit from conservation efforts.
CEPF has since provided grants to more than 30
nongovernmental organizations to help build their
capacity and enable them to work with other civil
society groups, communities and government officials
to preserve the island's natural wealth. Many of these
groups - including those assisting in relief efforts - have
lost staff, family members and friends.
Support at the local level will remain pivotal as relief
efforts continue and, ultimately, as rebuilding gets
under way.
As the toll of the disaster continued to be assessed and
international efforts mounted to avert the spread of
disease and further catastrophe in the tsunami's
aftermath, the CEPF management team sent its personal
condolences to dozens of colleagues across Asia.
The team also agreed to continue supporting basic
livelihoods in the most devastated areas of Sumatra.
"While we're not a relief agency, CEPF is dedicated to
empowering civil society to conserve biodiversity,"
CEPF Asia Grant Director Judy Mills said. "We
recognize that empowerment at this terrible time means
meeting the most basic of needs."
CEPF donor partners also took action in the immediate
aftermath of the disaster. In addition to its relief efforts
on the ground in Sumatra, Conservation International
established an emergency fund for support of its
conservation partners and their communities in
Northern Sumatra; the Government of Japan sent two
has established an
emergency fund for
support of our
conservation partners in
Northern Sumatra, the
communities in which
they work and their
families. Help today.
disaster relief medical teams to both Sumatra and
Thailand and also pledged $500 million in relief; and
the World Bank committed an initial $250 million for
emergency reconstruction across Asia.
Learn more about these relief efforts:
●
●
●
Conservation International Northern Sumatra
Restoration Fund
Government of Japan relief efforts
World Bank Commits $250 Million for TsunamiAffected Countries
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Marketing Social Change
In Focus, November 2004
CEPF NEWS
Press Releases
E-News Top Stories
In Focus Features
WHERE WE WORK
Zhang Zhe is a 27-year-old environmental engineer by
training. She is accomplished and intelligent. But she
has an alter ego—a large golden pheasant (a friend in a
big bird costume, actually) that accompanies her as she
spreads her conservation messages to hundreds of
school children in China’s Sichuan Province every
month.
RECENT GRANTS
And she’s not the only one.
APPLY FOR GRANTS
© Rare
Zhang Zhe poses alongside
the giant golden pheasant
that accompanies her
during her campaign
activities in the villages
around Baishuihe National
The project brings promising individuals and local
Nature Reserve in
groups together with the support of Rare and
Conservation International’s global communications team Southwest China.
to build a global constituency for biodiversity
conservation through Rare’s replicable Pride program.
With funding from the Critical Ecosystem Partnership
Fund (CEPF), Zhang Zhe is one of 13 individuals being
trained in social marketing and the art of convincing
local communities and governments that conservation is
key.
It’s an entertaining, creative approach to the complex
issue of biodiversity conservation, while building and
bettering lives of local people.
“In the village that I am working in, most families have
small home-based businesses, and tourism-related
businesses,” explained Zhang Zhe about one of the
villages around Baishuihe National Nature Reserve
where she is working in the Mountains of Southwest
China biodiversity hotspot.
“It’s mostly families, and though they’re not lacking
food or sanitation, they are still very concerned about
generating incomes for the family. So we are trying to
find a way, working with government and
nongovernmental organizations, to combine economic
development and conservation in this area.”
© Marldes Van Delft
The Katala Foundation’s
campaign led by Indira
Lacerna-Widmann (left)
recently convinced the
Municipality of Puerto
Princesa to protect 60
hectares of crucial feeding,
nesting and roosting
ground for the Philippine
cockatoo.
Zhang Zhe’s work is part of a project implemented by
the Jane Goodall Institute Roots and Shoots China
office, which is one of the organizations participating in
the program.
With a marketing zeal not too unlike that which a
marketeer for Coke or Pepsi would approach their
audiences, the new Pride campaign leaders are
generating huge interest and participation in their efforts
to promote conservation of important ecosystems and
the globally threatened species they shelter.
Enabling Expansion
A CEPF grant awarded last year is supporting an
expansion of the Pride program with the 13 new
campaigns in the Atlantic Forest, Cape Floristic Region,
Chocó-Darién-Western Ecuador, Guinean Forests of
West Africa, Mesoamerica, Mountains of Southwest
China, the Philippines, Succulent Karoo and Sundaland
hotspots.
In addition to the CEPF-supported campaigns and
others already underway, Rare has also launched 12
new campaigns in additional areas with support from
others such as the David and Lucile Packard Foundation
and The Nature Conservancy.
Each campaign aims to save a Critically Endangered
species, solidify or create new protected areas, or
conserve healthy biodiversity conservation corridors.
Rare’s experience in conservation education stems from
its work in the 1980s developing a very structured
social marketing tool, known then as the Promoting
Protection Through Pride program. The recipe is simple
and effective: turn a charismatic flagship species into a
symbol of local pride, as a lever for improving public
understanding of biodiversity’s value and the need to
take action to preserve it.
Both grassroots and mass-marketing techniques are
used to create broad-based support—on a local or
national level—for ecosystem protection.
Promising individuals are chosen to become campaign
leaders, linked with a local organization and supported
throughout the process, which officially begins with a
10-week training course at the University of Kent at
Canterbury in the United Kingdom or the University of
Guadalajara in Mexico. (See related story: Students Get
Off to Strong Start for Conservation Education.)
For each campaign, the objectives, flagship species, and
target audience are selected to address a specific,
Overviews for many of the
13 campaigns supported
by CEPF are available.
Click here.
realistic, and measurable threat identified together with
stakeholders. Threats targeted by the CEPF-supported
campaigns range from illegal logging and mining to
unsustainable wildlife trade to an advancing agricultural
frontier.
In the Field
For people like 31-year-old South African Jakob
Hanekom, the project is crucial. Using the Clanwilliam
cedar tree as his flagship species, and promoting the
campaign slogan of “Be a Friend to the Cederberg!” he
aims to conserve the plants and animals of the
Cederberg Wilderness Area where the Cape Floristic
Region and Succulent Karoo hotspots converge in
South Africa.
As part of his campaign, this married father of two is
doing a weekly 10-minute live radio spot talking about
conservation challenges, and spreading key campaign
messages. He has also prepared a package of materials
to use during his visits to local schools, including rulers
with messages that serve as “prompts” to remind
children (and their families) even months later about the
conservation messages they heard in school.
“It’s really rewarding to work in my home town and
bring information about nature and ecosystems to the
people here,” Hanekom said. “For many it’s the first
time ever they’ve been exposed to this type of
program.”
Hanekom, who is linked with Cape Nature, has also
designed and printed an education booklet and fact
sheet to spread information on conservation and
development issues important to the wilderness area;
recorded and sung a school song to more than 4,700
children; and developed a bilingual puppet show to use
during his school visits.
Through the project’s online club, campaign managers
can also share information with their fellow managers
in other hotspots, who are using similar social
marketing techniques but specially adapted to the local
situation.
In the Chocó-Darián-Western Ecuador Hotspot, Luis
Arroyo Carvache is leading a campaign to preserve
critical forests of San Lorenzo del Pailon in
northwestern Ecuador. The campaign aims to help stop
conversion of the forests and mangroves to agricultural
land, particularly palm oil plantations, in the ChocáManabi conservation corridor.
Among his activities, Carvache has produced a costume
of the red-lored parrot (Amazona autumnalis)—his
campaign’s flagship species—and a variety of materials
for his work in 22 schools. He is also hosting a local
radio show, producing a variety of radio spots to help
people understand the benefits they receive from the
forests.
Replicating Success the Pride Way
For the Pride program, success breeding success is part
of the strategy.
For example, the campaign leaders conduct pre- and
post-campaign surveys of 1-3 percent of their target
population to learn about relevant knowledge, attitudes,
and practices. The survey data is used to develop
objectives, design messages, and ultimately to measure
the change achieved during the campaign.
Rare has also developed a “Learning Framework for
Pride,” a set of 66 different data points that it is
collecting throughout all the current campaigns. At the
end, it will use this data to develop a predictive model
of success for a campaign to determine, with
statistically valid data, “what characteristics are most
important for success,” said Megan Hill, senior director
for Pride at Rare’s U.S. headquarters.
“All of that said, one of the most important points I use
to define success is seeing Pride campaigns
implemented long after Rare’s direct involvement is
over,” Hill said. “It is a replicable model, and our
ultimate goal is to train people to keep running outreach
campaigns long into the future."
It’s this forward thinking that often proves pivotal to
conservation success, and the new campaign leaders are
already demonstrating their capacity as catalysts.
In the Philippines, the Katala Foundation’s campaign
led by Indira Lacerna-Widmann recently convinced the
Municipality of Puerto Princesa to protect 60 hectares
of crucial feeding, nesting and roosting ground for the
Critically Endangered Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua
haematuropygia).
The Philippine cockatoo, the flagship species for
Lacerna-Widmann’s campaign, was once considered
common but now numbers no more than 4,000. The
new protected area on the island of Dumaran off the
coast of Palawan is also important for local
communities.
“The protected area will protect and ensure the water
supply not only for this community but also for other
barangays (villages) dependent on this sub-watershed,”
Lacerna-Widdman said.
Planning for the Future
Forward thinking is also pivotal in fast-developing
economies like China.
In addition to her school and farm work, Zhang Zhe is
completing a documentary about Baishuihe National
Nature Reserve.
After a pre-campaign survey she conducted showed that
70 percent of her target audience gets its information
from TV, she set out to produce this film to reach
people living near the Reserve, as well as tourists. She
hopes to have it broadcast on local and national TV
stations, and to produce DVDs for use in schools.
“With the economic development and improving
environmental awareness, China’s environmental
protection work will be so different 10 years later from
today,” Zhang Zhe said. “This film may well be used as
study material by that time.”
Indeed time is of the essence and Rare appears to be
ready to launch more programs keeping in step with the
growing global economy.
“Pride is really ramping up,” said Brett Jenks, Rare’s
president and CEO. “In the first 15 years of the Pride
program, Rare supported 30 campaigns worldwide. In
2004 alone, we have 29 operating campaigns, and 2005
will see a total of 49. So CEPF’s return on investment
will be greater than the sum of each campaign.”
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Indonesia Declares Batang
Gadis National Park
May 2004
Indonesia’s Ministry of Forestry signed a ministerial
decree in early May declaring Batang Gadis a national
park—a move expected to be officially announced by
President Megawati Sukarnoputri in the park on the
island of Sumatra later this month.
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The decree is the first since the Indonesian
government’s public pledge in February to create 12
new protected areas in 2004, including Batang Gadis
National Park in Northern Sumatra and Tesso Nilo in
Sumatra’s Riau Province.
“This is the first time a locally designated protected area
has been granted national park status in Indonesia,” says
Jatna Supriatna, vice president for Conservation
International-Indonesia (CI-Indonesia).
Earlier this year, local officials declared the 108,000hectare swath of forest as a protected area under a new
scheme allowing local bupati or district heads to
designate land for protection. Their action helped
prompt the governmental commitment to create new
national protected areas.
The designation of Batang Gadis as a park at the
national level is expected to help bring greater
governmental and donor resources, including funding,
to help secure this area.
It follows a recent exploratory mission led by CIIndonesia that found signs of the Sumatran tiger and
other threatened wild cats in the newly declared
protected area.
Signs of Sumatran tiger, Asiatic golden cat, leopard cat
and clouded leopard were seen during the mission
organized and led by CI's Northern Sumatra team. The
Sumatran tiger and the Asiatic golden cat were even
© Conservation
International
Sumatran tiger caught on
camera trap in Batang
Gadis.
Save The Tiger Fund and
CEPF have joined forces
to link tiger conservation
programs across Asia.
Read the story.
More news and features
from this hotspot.
captured on film by camera traps that the team set.
Preliminary results from the survey also show some 239
different vascular plant species within the new park,
making it among the planet’s most diverse floristically.
Other findings include the presence of Malayan tapir,
siamang, agile gibbon, banded leaf monkey, Malayan
porcupine, sun bear and Sumatran serow. The park has
historically been home to a number of threatened
species including Sumatran orangutan, Sumatran
rhinoceros and Sumatran elephant.
The protection of Batang Gadis as a national park is key
to efforts to create the Northern Sumatra biodiversity
conservation corridor. The park would be an integral
part of a 400,000-hectare area in the Angkola portion of
the corridor, which could be connected, via a series of
protected areas and forests, all the way to Gunung
Leuser National Park in the far north of the island. The
entire corridor would encompass some 3 million
hectares.
Key partners involved in this project include the
Ministry of Forestry, the Provincial Government of
Northern Sumatra, the Mandaling Regency
Government, CI-Indonesia and other local organizations
from Jakarta, Mandailing and Medan.
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Cutting a New Path for
Illegal Loggers in Sumatra
In Focus, August 2004
by Elizabeth A. Foley
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The 5,000 villagers of Tangkahan are now official
caretakers of a corner of one of Indonesia's most
impressive national parks.
As part of this new role, they are embarking in a
transformation of their own livelihoods and the local
economy. It's one that is turning illegal loggers into
conservationists while helping build Gunung Leuser
National Park in northern Sumatra into one of the
region's premier ecotourism destinations.
© INDECON
INDECON Executive
Director Ary Suhandi.
With support from the Indonesian Ecotourism Network
(INDECON), the villagers recently signed a landmark
agreement through the Tangkahan Tourism Institute
(Lembaga Pariwisata Tangkahan or LPT) with the
national park authority that will help curtail illegal
logging and places some 10,000 hectares of the park
under the community's care.
The agreement marks the first time a national park
authority has entrusted local people to manage an
ecotourism zone while conserving the biological
diversity of the park. The park, Indonesia's second
largest, spans some 792,675 hectares. Only 1,500 of the
10,000 hectares managed by the community will be
open to ecotourism.
This unique project is crucial to engaging local
communities in protecting this corner of the Sundaland
biodiversity hotspot, where the forests—home to the
critically endangered Sumatran orangutan—were once
the center of illegal logging.
The Leuser Management Unit, a technical body that
manages the Leuser Development Programme funded
by the European Union and the Indonesian government,
© INDECON
Community members
participate in ecotourism
planning.
The Indonesia Ecotourism
Network's final report is
now available for this
project. Download it in PDF
format.
Visit the news & feature
archive for this hotspot.
devised a "Tangkahan Ecotourism Master Plan" for the
park's management while support from the Critical
Ecosystem Partnership Fund helped build community
skills and involvement in implementing the plan.
The project has also received funding from the national
park authority for communication equipment,
interpreters' uniforms, shelters and information signs.
"It's a huge challenge to get people to change from
illegal loggers to conservationists," INDECON
Executive Director Ary Suhandi said. "It's a big step in
life-and in their income.
"Illegal loggers can make around 3 million rupiahs or
$350 for two weeks of labor. Working to protect the
forest, they make around US$180, in addition to their
income from agriculture which is around $200 per
month."
Even when local logging firms upped their fees in an
attempt to sway the villagers, they held fast, according
to Suhandi. "They say, 'I'm proud because I'm keeping
the forest for my children.'"
They're also keen to keep logging out, as its
disappearance seems to have decreased the amount of
conflict in the region, Suhandi said.
One significant result of the project is new village
regulations regarding forest conservation. The
regulations, developed through a participatory process,
are proving useful as a policy at the local level and as a
legal tool to enforce logging laws.
Other successful results stemming from the project
include a national park and LPT agreement on entrance
fees and benefit distribution. Community members are
directly involved in ecotourism activities, receiving
income through guiding, river-crossing and interpretive
services. The community also receives benefits from
entrance fees and from food and beverage sales in the
restaurant.
Giving the community access and legally empowering it
to participate in conservation and utility of the
conservation area are firsts for Indonesia. Both of these
factors, alongside the benefits, proved vital in
increasing community confidence in the national park
authority and boosting the overall attitude toward
ecotourism businesses.
"It has been a social approach," Suhandi said. "This is a
paternal society-so we began working with the younger
people in the village and they in turn told their fathers
who are illegal loggers about the long term impacts of
deforestation, who in turn told village elders."
An action plan geared toward producing tangible
products the villagers could literally see and hold has
been elemental to building confidence and enthusiasm.
"Guidebooks, signs, building an information center all
helped the villagers see that this is really something that
is happening," Suhandi said.
Tangkahan boasts two rivers and 11 waterfalls, several
hot water springs and bat caves along its jungle tracks.
INDECON and the villagers have cut three new loop
trails for hiking, established white water river rafting
routes, and are developing caving and other adventure
tourism options for foreign travelers.
For domestic tourists, activities will focus on
educational tourism combined with traditional
knowledge and river trips.
Last year the park welcomed some 80 tourists from
Europe, and on average 100 domestic visitors per week
came to hike, camp and spend the night in the lush
green forests.
It is a region known for its wildlife tourism, with most
tourists heading 30 kilometers south to better known
Bahorok, Bukit Lawang and its orangutan center.
However, all that changed in November 2003 when
flash flooding destroyed Bahorok.
Many blamed the tragedy on illegal logging in nearby
Gunung Leuser National Park, but it has proven to be a
blessing in disguise for INDECON's fledgling
ecotourism venture as it has allowed Tangkahan to gain
a foothold in the industry while Bahorok rebuilds.
Though foreign tourism in general to Indonesia took a
dip in 1998 with Indonesia's economic and political
crisis, it is now rebounding to almost 100,000 visitors
annually, and Tangkahan and INDECON are poised to
capture their piece of the market. They're starting with a
savvy marketing plan.
INDECON has developed a strategy focused on both
domestic and international markets. Locally, it is
courting television and national print journalists. In
June, 20 journalists raced down rivers in the park in a
white water competition supported by local airlines and
the province tourism authority. It is also building
partnerships with schools, churches and youth groups in
nearby Medan.
A Web site geared toward foreign travelers is being
constructed, and networking to promote partnerships
between tour operators in Medan and Jakarta is
underway.
The team is also actively involved in tourism
exhibitions at provincial and national levels as well as
internationally. In March, INDECON members
participated in the 38th Berlin International Tourism
Trade Fair in Berlin, Germany. The fair, Europe's
largest international tourism exposition, attracted more
than 10,000 exhibitors from 178 countries.
INDECON's approach of weaving the Tangkahan
villagers' financial and social future with that of the
park is also gaining more converts. In the months to
come, INDECON will be training 30-40 guides from
Bahorok and helping them to redesign the ecotourism
strategy for the park.
See related story - Rutkita Sembiring: From Logger to Park
Ranger
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UN Foundation and CEPF
Join Forces in Sumatra
July 2004
The United Nations Foundation has agreed to match
Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) support
for a conservation action and network program in
© IRF, photo by Nico van
Sumatra that will build local capacity to manage the
island’s third largest national park and benefit two other Strien
important parks as well.
National Park shelters an
important population of
Together the parks—Bukit Barisan Selatan National
Park, Kerinci Seblat and Gunung Leuser—represent the Sumatran rhinoceros, the
most important blocks of lowland forests on the island. world's most imperiled
rhinoceros species.
Declared a single "Tropical Rainforest Heritage of
Sumatra" World Heritage Site on June 30 by the World
Heritage Committee, the three parks are located on the
main spine of the Bukit Barisan Mountains known as
the Andes of Sumatra.
CEPF will provide $900,000 to the UN Foundation to be
administered through UNESCO for implementation of
the Conservation Action and Network Program,
Indonesia (CANOPI) in Bukit Barisan Selatan National
Park. The UN Foundation will match this amount.
"Without the UN Foundation’s support, CANOPI
would not have happened,” said Judy Mills, Asia grant
director for CEPF.
CANOPI will train local nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) and individuals in and around
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park to monitor and
mitigate threats to the park's biodiversity.
The park contains more lowland forest than any other
protected area on the island and acts as the main
watershed for western Lampung. It also contains
important populations of critically endangered
mammals unique to the island such as Sumatran tiger
and Sumatran rhinoceros.
National Park is one of
four geographic focal
areas for CEPF investment
in Sumatra. Learn more
about our investment
strategy for this hotspot.
from this hotspot.
“The plan is that when training is carried out in Bukit
Barisan Selatan, park managers and other NGOs from
the other parks will be part of it,” said Seema Paul,
senior program officer, biodiversity, for the UN
Foundation, which works in partnership with UNESCO
to support and promote the management and
conservation of natural World Heritage sites.
“This is a win-win partnership: CEPF is funding an
important model for conservation where there is such a
dearth of good models, and we will help to enhance and
replicate this model in other areas," she said.
The program will also provide small grants to the newly
trained NGOs to implement specific projects related to
the park’s conservation.
In the previous 12 years, Sumatra lost more than 6.5
million hectares of forest due to a variety of human
activities. The Bukit Barisan Selatan ecosystem,
including the national park and surrounding forest area,
was no exception: More than 20 percent of the forest
within the 365,000-hectare park was cleared for illegal
agriculture.
CEPF’s previous support to CANOPI included two
grants to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) for
creation of the program’s strategic plan and
management structure together with nine local partner
organizations. WCS also provided several small grants
of approximately $10,000 each to local partners to
address urgent threats to the park while the plan was
being developed.
The preparation proved successful: In April, after more
than a year of discussions among the partner
organizations, the nine local groups and WCS signed an
agreement to work under the auspices of CANOPI to
enhance collaborative management of the Bukit Barisan
Selatan landscape.
A council comprised of representatives from each of the
organizations will oversee the program and work
together with local park authorities.
The groups’ commitment to clearly defined roles and
shared responsibilities in protecting this important yet
threatened ecosystem is a major milestone in the
Sundaland biodiversity hotspot, where civil society
groups traditionally work independently.
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Indonesia Declares Tesso
Nilo National Park
August 2004
Indonesia's Ministry of Forestry recently designated
Tesso Nilo as a national park. The decree is being
welcomed by an alliance of two dozen local groups led
by WWF and supported by the Critical Ecosystem
Partnership Fund (CEPF) that worked together for
more than 4 years to make the declaration possible.
Castro
The Tesso Nilo Forest is
The July 19 decree followed a public pledge by the
home to the island's largest
Indonesian government earlier this year to create 12
remaining population of
new protected areas in 2004, including Tesso Nilo in
Sumatran elephants. Only
Sumatra's Riau Province and Batang Gadis National
about 350 remain.
Park in Northern Sumatra.
In an August 3 press announcement, the head of the
government's Forestry Information Center, Transtoto
Handadhari, said the decree aims to conserve
important forest resources while also increasing the
quality of life for people living near the new park.
CEPF focuses on Sumatra
as the biologically richest
and most threatened area in
the Sundaland biodiversity
hotspot. Learn more about
our investment strategy for
The new Tesso Nilo National Park covers 38,576
hectares. While it is one of the largest remaining
blocks of flat, dry lowland rain forest in Sumatra,
more than 300,000 hectares of the Tesso Nilo forest
area have been converted to industrial plantations.
"Not long ago the land for this park was slated for
logging," said Tom Dillon, director of WWF's Species
Conservation Program.
"This announcement ensures that at least some of
Sumatra's unmatched biodiversity will be preserved,
but we still have a long way to go before this park and
those around it are indeed functioning protected
areas," he said.
WWF is negotiating with other companies to retire
more logging concessions and increase the acreage of
this new park, while also working with neighboring
this hotspot.
You can learn more about
this hotspot on
Conservation International's
award-winning hotspots
site. Visit
www.biodiversityhotspots.org.
communities to create alternative livelihoods for
people who might otherwise participate in illegal
logging.
"We see this as a positive first step that the
government has set for corporations to follow," said
Michael Stuewe, president of Conservation
Management Ltd., one of the groups working to secure
Tesso Nilo's protection. Stuewe and others are hoping
corporations will give more hectares over to
conservation to achieve protection for the full 188,000
hectares of natural tropical lowland forest that remain
in the Tesso Nilo Forest Complex.
The efforts of the two-dozen strong alliance and WWF
were key to the declaration. The alliance and its
success is tangible evidence of the effectiveness of
civil society partnerships working in concert with local
governments.
"The declaration of this cornerstone for saving the
largest remaining expanse of Sumatra's lowland forest
is a great tribute to the alliance of local, national and
international NGOs working to make it possible," said
Judy Mills, Asia grant director for CEPF.
Securing this forest as a national park is part of the
Tesso Nilo-Bukit Tigapuluh focal area of CEPF's
investment strategy for Sumatra in the Sundaland
biodiversity hotspot. Sumatra's lowland rain forest is
almost gone, with only small forest fragments
remaining. Mostly oil palm and acacia pulp wood
plantations cover the island's lowlands. The largest
remaining forest tracts are in Sumatra's central
province of Riau where the new park is located.
However, four logging companies operate in the Tesso
Nilo Forest Complex, while acacia and palm oil
plantations surround it. A 1-kilometer-wide acacia
plantation corridor is just being created inside the
complex.
Three protected forests are within 25 to 40 kilometers
of the complex in the larger Tesso Nilo landscape: the
Kurumutan Peat Swamp Reserve, the Bukit Rimbang
Baling Montane Forest Game Reserve and the Bukit
Tigapuluh Montane Forest National Park.
The complex and Kerinci Seblat may soon be the last
retreat for central Sumatra's elephant population. The
prime tiger reserves of Bukit Rimbang Baling and
Bukit Tigapuluh are still connected to each other and
may be the last possible link to the larger Kerinici
Seblat ecosystem.
Related Stories:
Indonesia Declares Batang Gadis National Park
New Protected Area Action for Indonesia and the
Philippines
●
●
More news and features from this hotspot.
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New Protected Area Action
for Indonesia and the
Philippines
Press Releases
March 2004
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The governments of Indonesia and the Philippines
announced actions in February that are key to
preserving vital land for endangered species such as the
Sumatran tiger, the Sumatran elephant and the
Philippine eagle as well as hundreds of indigenous
communities.
In the Philippines, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
signed a presidential proclamation declaring the Quirino
Protected Landscape, which covers some 206, 875
hectares.
The new protected area and the Peñablanca Protected
Landscape and Seascape proclaimed in October 2003
bookend the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, with
the total area under permanent protection in the central
part of the corridor now extended to 391,000 hectares.
The area also serves as the watershed of the Cagayan
River basin supporting several irrigation systems of the
Cagayan Valley Region, considered the "rice bowl" of
the Philippines.
A variety of stakeholders including members of the
Protected Area Management Board, the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, the Interim Local
Government Unit of Quirino and local community and
nongovernmental organizations led by Conservation
International-Philippines worked together for years to
make the project possible.
Meanwhile, the Indonesian government publicly
committed to creating 12 new protected areas in 2004,
including Tesso Nilo in Sumatra’s Riau Province and
Batang Gadis National Park in Northern Sumatra. The
government announced the pledge in Kuala Lumpur
during the Conference of the Parties to the Convention
on Biological Diversity, where member states agreed to
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© WWF
Tesso Nilo, Sumatra.
and most threatened area
in the Sundaland
biodiversity hotspot. Read
our investment strategy for
this hotspot.
In the Philippines, a
majority of resources
target the Eastern
Mindanao, Palawan and
Sierra Madre biodiversity
conservation corridors,
where the hotspot's
biodiversity is
concentrated. Read our
investment strategy for this
hotspot.
set aside 10 percent of their lands for biodiversity
conservation.
The inclusion among the 12 of Batang Gadis National
Park, just previously declared as a national park by
officials at the district level, will make way for a
declaration at the national level and, local officials
hope, national funding for the park.
Tesso Nilo is one of the largest remaining blocks of flat,
dry lowlands rain forest in Sumatra. Only about 350
Sumatran elephants are left in this region's forests.
More than 300,000 hectares of Tesso Nilo's forest have
been converted to industrial plantations since 1984.
“Tesso Nilo is more than just home for elephants and
tigers, as it has been found to contain the world's richest
vascular (plant) biodiversity,” H.M. Rusli Zainal, SE,
Governor of Riau said. “Protecting Tesso Nilo will
alleviate human-wildlife conflicts and prove that
conservation can go with economic development in
harmony.”
As part of an alliance led by World Wide Fund for
Nature (WWF), more than two dozen local
organizations have worked together to save Tesso Nilo
with support from the Critical Ecosystem Partnership
Fund. As in the Philippines, these allied efforts have
demonstrated the immense value of partnership and
bottom-up approaches, clear conservation outcomes and
the success that can be achieved when civil society joins
forces with and complements the activities of
governments.
In related news, WWF called on creditors and
customers of Asia Pulp and Paper (APP), one of the
world's largest paper companies, to pressure the
company to stop unsustainable logging operations in
Sumatra. In stark contrast to the progress represented by
the government pledge, a six-month negotiation
between WWF and APP ended on Feb. 19 without an
agreement on a sustainability action plan to provide
added forest protection.
In August 2003, APP and its parent company, the Sinar
Mas Group, signed a letter of intent with WWF
agreeing to prepare an action plan for the next 12 years
on the sustainability of APP's wood supplies and the
conservation of forests of high social and environmental
significance. WWF said some progress had been made
but the company's recently proposed plan fell short on
several counts, and APP is still proposing to cut
445,000 acres of natural forest over the next two years.
Related documents and stories:
●
●
●
●
CEPF executive director's speech at the CBD event
to announce Indonesia's new protected area
commitment (PDF)
Arroyo Expands Peñablanca Protected Area
Local Leaders Declare New National Park in
Sumatra
Time Running Out for APP, Says WWF
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Partnership for Tiger Action
Save The Tiger Fund and the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
(CEPF) have joined forces to link tiger conservation programs across
Asia.
As part of the new alliance, the two major grant makers will work together
to combat threats to tigers, including smuggling of tiger parts by highly
organized regional networks that are often linked to trafficking in narcotics
and weapons.
© CI
Tigers live on land that provides some of the most fertile and abundant natural resources for
humans and wildlife alike. As an umbrella species, tigers range over large landscapes that
support a complex web of life. Efforts to save the tiger ultimately benefit entire ecosystems and all
the species and communities they support.
Since its founding in 1995, Save The Tiger Fund has supported 226 tiger-conservation projects in
13 countries. Now, the two partners will forge united tiger conservation strategies, catalyzing
partner organizations and community groups to further combine efforts. The partnership will also
enable Save The Tiger Fund to double its grant distribution in Asia’s biodiversity hotspots.
For more information, visit the Save The Tiger Fund site.
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Local Leaders Declare New
National Park in Sumatra
February 2004
The governor of North Sumatra and the district head or
bupati in the Mandailing District recently declared a
new national park in Northern Sumatra, making way for
what local officials and communities hope will be a
declaration at the national level and hence funding
support from the national government.
© CEPF, photo by Judy
Mills
The declaration of Batang Gadis National Park,
A CI staff member with
encompassing 108,000 ha at the southern end of the
children in Kampung
Northern Sumatra conservation corridor, is certainly the Sebangor Julu, where
fastest in Indonesia's history, according to Indonesian
villagers hope to enjoy
conservationists.
benefits from visitors to the
new national park wanting
Whereas most of the country's parks have been declared to see traditional villages
on the park's borders.
in a top-down process initiated by the national
government, this is one of the first under Indonesia's
decentralization of natural resource management.
Sumatra is part of the
This protected area outcome emerged with Critical
Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) support, as it was
highlighted as a conservation priority and opportunity
during a five-year vision mapping process led by
Conservation International (CI) Indonesia with area
stakeholders.
Further impetus arose from severe flooding that killed
more than 200 people in the North Sumatra resort area
of Bukit Lawang in November 2003. The bupati who
made the declaration said he wants to protect his people
from such disasters but also to leave a legacy for his
grandchildren and their children.
The Batang Gadis National Park is an integral part of a
400,000-ha area in the Angkola portion of the corridor
that CI Indonesia and its partners are working to secure.
The park is said to be home to Sumatran tigers, rhinos,
elephants, Malayan tapirs and other key species.
Sundaland biodiversity
hotspot, where CEPF
strategically targets four
geographic areas:
Seulawah-LeuserAngkola; Siberut Island;
Tesso Nilo-Bukit
Tigapuluh; and Bukit
Barisan Seletan.
CI Indonesia will be conducting an assessment of the
park's biodiversity starting this month.
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Blueprint to Halt Asia's Bird Extinction Crisis
BirdLife launched a groundbreaking guide Nov. 12 to help
governments and civil society prevent the extinction of Asia’s birds,
one in eight of which is under threat. Her Imperial Highness Princess
Takamado of Japan unveiled the blueprint, Saving Asia’s Threatened
Birds, at a special international event attended by more than 100
people in Tokyo.
BirdLife International produced the guide with financial support from
the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) to help avoid the
extinction of 324 threatened bird species, 12% of Asia’s total. Already
41 Asian bird species teeter on the brink of extinction. Of these, 11
may already be extinct. An important finding is that more than 100
sites critically important for globally threatened birds remain
unprotected.
© BirdLife International
Princess Takamado poses with
GEF, World Bank and CI
members of the CEPF delegation
at the launch.
"Now, as environmental issues grow into global concerns, it is imperative that we act with
intellectual integrity and I am pleased to be a part of the BirdLife Partnership in its efforts to guide
the world in this direction," said HIH Princess Takamado, an honorary patron of BirdLife
International’s Rare Bird Club and a keen birdwatcher.
"It is my sincere hope that the publication of this book and the launching of this strategy will give
an added impetus to the conservation efforts to maintain the rich biodiversity that is our Asia."
A CEPF delegation of Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility and the World
Bank participated in the Tokyo launch as part of an overall mission to Japan, which included a
CEPF informational seminar for Japanese civil society organizations and meetings with a variety
of government and civil society representatives. The Japanese government, which also
participated in the launch, is a partner in the CEPF initiative as well.
"This guide launched today clearly articulates a major suite of key actions required to conserve
the rarest bird species and most threatened avian habitats in Asia," CEPF Executive Director
Jorgen Thomsen told the audience, which included ambassadors and embassy and other
government representatives from across Asia.
Forest loss and degradation due to commercial logging, clear felling for paper production and
plantation establishment are the biggest threats to Asia’s birds. Indonesia is home to more
globally threatened species than any other Asian country, followed by Mainland China, India and
the Philippines.
All organizations receiving support from CEPF for conservation projects in Asia will soon receive
a complementary copy of the new guide.
•
•
View the speeches and full press release.
Learn more in the special BirdLife Web section on the new guide.
Rhino Protection Units Stop Poachers in Sumatra
Special anti-poaching units in Sumatra’s beleaguered Bukit Barisan
National Park are making a dramatic difference: zero rhinos killed and
poachers, rather than rhinos, snared.
Urgent funding from the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF)
beginning in January has enabled the Indonesian Rhino Conservation
Program to expand and intensify the patrols now achieving these results
in one of the most challenging landscapes to protect. The park has
suffered massive encroachment along its long borders, where poachers
have found the critically endangered Sumatran rhino an easy target.
"This is a project that has been very successful and demonstrates how it
is possible to involve local communities in protection," said Nico van
Strien of the International Rhino Foundation (IRF), which provides
technical assistance to the program in Sumatra.
© IRF, photo by Nico van
Strien
Anti-poaching team
confiscates snare set by
poachers.
The CEPF grant supports eight patrols working to create Intensive Protection Zones for rhino in
the park. Each team is generally made up of three local community recruits and one forest
ranger, licensed to carry a firearm and to arrest poaching suspects. The patrols operate against a
backdrop of special intelligence work, gathering evidence to build successful cases against those
who threaten rhinos, tigers and other wildlife in the park’s important rhino areas.
The Sumatran Rhino is the most imperiled species of rhino. Numbers have been halved from an
estimated 600 in 1994 to probably no more than 300 today. Of that total world population,
possibly more than 60 are in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. Poachers claimed two rhinos in
the park in 2001.
Acting on intelligence from villagers, the Rhino Protection Units (RPUs) conduct frequent and
intensive patrols, varying from three to seven days, to detect and destroy snares and traps left by
poachers before they can harm the park’s wildlife.
Catching and prosecuting poachers is a difficult business. The work that the RPUs conduct in the
park’s surrounding villages—gathering information and maintaining an ongoing presence—is vital
to obtain leads on the location of traps and act as a deterrent to would-be poachers.
It pays off. This year, the patrols’ work has helped lead to the arrest and prosecution of 11 people
involved in nine cases of poaching. In two cases unprecedented severe sentences of 3 and 3.5
years imprisonment were imposed.
These cases, community support, adequate resources and a highly visible patrol presence are a
powerful mix. The future of the park’s Sumatran rhino population, one of the largest remaining,
may well depend on it.
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Talang Mamak, Groups Win
Forest Protection in
Sumatra
Press Releases
September 2003
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Local communities and organizations in Sumatra
recently won a major victory with the cancellation of
logging plans in the northwest of Bukit Tigapuluh
National Park, home to one of the largest areas of
remaining lowland forest on the Indonesian island.
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The cancellation by the district chief who had already
issued tentative permits to private companies capped a
six-month effort led by a local foundation with support
from CEPF to help the Talang Mamak and other
traditional forest-dwelling communities organize
against the logging.
"CEPF support provided us with a critical opportunity
to act before it was too late," said Mangara Silalahi of
the Alam Sumatera Foundation.
The success is an example of how CEPF's strategic
approach to build the capacity of civil society at the
local level in Sumatra can be a powerful catalyst for
conservation that benefits both people and nature.
Bukit Tigapulah National Park is one of Sumatra's
prime tiger landscapes. A mountainous plateau
stretching across more than 100,000 hectares, the Bukit
Tigapuluh ("The Thirty Hills") and its surrounding
areas also provide important benefits to the Talang
Mamak and other local communities. Known as a
hinterland tribe, the Talang Mamak number only about
6,000 and depend on the natural resources found in the
park in Riau's Indragiri Hulu regency.
Recent months had seen tentative licenses issued to the
companies for logging and timber plantation
development of 22,450 hectares in an area that is part of
the remaining lowland rain forest that connects Bukit
Tigapuluh with the protected forests of Bukit Sosa and
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Castro
Protected species in Bukit
Tigapuluh include
Sumatran tiger, tapir and
Asian elephant (above).
and most threatened area
in the Sundaland
biodiversity hotspot.
Sumatra harbors more
than 10,000 plant species,
mostly in lowland forests.
It is the only place where
elephants, rhinoceros,
tigers, clouded leopards
and orangutans co-exist.
CEPF targets four
geographic areas:
Seulawah-LeuserAngkola, Siberut Island,
Tesso Nilo-Bukit
Tigapuluh and Bukit
Barisan Seletan.
Read more about CEPF's
approach in the
Sundaland hotspot.
Bukit Betabuh. Protected species in this area include
Sumatran tiger, tapir and Asian elephant. The targeted
area is also located within the forests of the Talang
Mamak community, which had not been consulted.
Following a request for assistance by Talang Mamak
community leader Patih Laman, CEPF helped bring
together the Alam Sumatera Foundation—a
nongovernmental organization (NGO) set up jointly by
WWF-Indonesia and the Conservation Information
Forum (WARSI)—and the community leader in a project
to build awareness of the situation and advocate for the
permits' cancellation.
The Foundation helped provide the community with an
understanding of industrial timber plantations and their
impact by arranging study visits for the Talang Mamak
and Malay communities to the Sakai tribal areas, where
large-scale industrial timber operations are already well
established. The result was a joint declaration by the
Sakai people and the communities rejecting large-scale
timber plantations in their traditional territories.
The project team then facilitated discussions to raise
awareness among groups in the Talang Mamak's village
about impacts of timber plantations. As part of this
effort, the team showed a video recording of the visit to
the Sakai areas.
Talang Mamak representatives subsequently attended a
special hearing on the plans at the Indragiri Hulu district
chief’s office and rejected the Environmental Impact
Assessment. Talang Mamak and Malay community
representatives, in cooperation with the Alam Sumatera
Foundation and support from the local Sialang
Foundation, went on to lobby government officials,
environmental impact assessment team members and
influential individuals at district and provincial levels.
Their efforts, helped by the participation of an NGO
network in provincial hearings, gained significant media
coverage at both provincial and national levels. Visits
set up for the media to the Talang Mamak community
received further coverage and helped spread support for
the cancellation.
Following these activities, the district chief publicly
declared a commitment to cancel the permits and later
actually did so. He also suspended operations of an oil
palm plantation company reportedly encroaching on
Talang Mamak lands and declared that permits of other
companies with land development plans affecting the
Bukit Tigapuluh National Park buffer zone would be
reviewed. He has since cancelled two other tentative
permits to log 26,500 hectares.
Throughout the project, the Foundation worked closely
with Patih Laman, the leader of the Talang Mamak who
has since been awarded the KALPATARU Yearly
Environment Award for Environmental Leaders in
Indonesia by President Megawati Sukarnoputri.
The project is a powerful demonstration of how local
communities, working together with local NGOs, can
wield enormous influence.
The Foundation is now helping to promote the right of
the Talang Mamak to participate fully in managing their
forests and lands. It recognizes that one important
victory against sustainable logging means only a battle
has been won, not the war.
"Our next step as part of a consortium of NGOs will be
to enlist community support to protect the forest on very
steep hills surrounding Bukit Tigapuluh National Park
from destruction through logging by including these
areas in the park," Silalahi said. "We hope eventually to
combine this with acquisition of an adjacent concession,
which also covers part of the Talang Mamak forest, to
be managed for multiple uses that cover community
needs as well as the needs of elephant for a sanctuary."
Indonesia is at the epicenter of the global deforestation
crisis. It lost some 20 million hectares of forest from
approximately 1985 to 1997. Since then, experts believe
another 5 million hectares or more may have been lost,
with rampant logging occurring even in protected areas.
The establishment of district autonomy and the
economic crisis in the country have increased forest
destruction because district governments are able to
issue logging licenses to companies with reference to
the urgent need to raise local revenues. In Indragiri
Hulu district, at least two other companies still have
preliminary licenses for logging or clear felling for
timber plantation development.
"This advocacy work was made possible due to strong
partnerships between NGOs and community leaders,"
said Sari Surjadi, CEPF grant manager in Sumatra. "We
are pleased to see the government recognize this
partnership, fully support this initiative and actually act
to cancel these concessions. We hope to see this type of
action in other areas of Sumatra to save the remaining
forests.
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Students Get Off to Strong
Start for Conservation
Education
Press Releases
In Focus, August 2003
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by Corrina Hackney
In Focus Features
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Amid the diverse student population of Kent University
in England, a multinational team is nearing the end of
an intensive 10 weeks of specialized training to become
community educators with a single mission: to promote
local pride in the environment in some of the planet's
© Photo courtesy of Kent
most threatened ecosystems.
University
Indira Lacerna from the
The university course—offered in the United Kingdom Philippines (above) and
and Mexico—is the first step in a 2.5-year program
Edward Sesay from Sierra
based on Rare's Pride Campaigns.
Leone (below) are two of
the students taking part in
The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is
the special Rare diploma
supporting a major expansion to biodiversity hotspots of course at Kent University.
these highly successful campaigns by a new partnership
between Rare and Conservation International's (CI)
International Communications Department (see press
release: New Alliance).
In this initial university phase—run by Rare staff in
conjunction with the University of Kent in the
UK—students receive intensive training in all the skills
needed to produce and carry out comprehensive
conservation education campaigns.
"The university component of the course covers an
incredible range of activities—from conservation law
and biodiversity management to social marketing
techniques and practicalities such as puppet-making,"
says Rosemary Godfrey, Rare's course manager at Kent
University.
Pride Campaigns are run by local organizations and aim
to appeal to the public on an emotional level. The
campaigns focus activity on a single species, aiming to
capture a sense of public pride and ultimately to change
© Photo courtesy of Kent
University
behavior and better protect the local species. The CEPFsupported campaigns will take place in 13 sites in
China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Southern and West
Africa and Central and South America.
Unique
While there are a number of conservation education
courses offered in other institutions, the Rare course is
unmatched in the kind of support structures it gives to
students. The program is also unique in combining
academic and technical training with hands-on
campaign activity and implementation in the field.
The students start with the 10-week university
component, followed by a 10-week preparation phase
during which they each develop a comprehensive
campaign plan using stakeholder meetings and
attitudinal surveys. Each student will identify a key
theme tailored to their local communities, core
objectives and a species to be the focus. They then
implement the campaign, returning to the UK after the
first year to report back and share experiences.
Throughout the program, each student receives one-toone support from course lecturers and RARE and CI
staff to translate theory into practice during their
campaigns.
"They are supported through weekly telephone calls
(now free through MSN), online discussions with staff
and fellow students and two on-site visits," says
Godfrey, who developed an online discussion club now
used by past and present participants to share best
practices and address common challenges.
Commitment to Conservation Education
The students, who range in age from 22-45, have been
carefully selected based on a demonstrated need for
conservation awareness as a key conservation strategy
in their home region.
Their existing involvement in conservation work, a
supportive local employer and their individual
dedication and commitment were also strong elements
in the selection process. Personalities are strong and
cheerful—two essential qualities if they are to succeed
as the "voice" for the threatened species in their
respective regions.
"There are not a lot of opportunities for conservation
education," says Daniela Lerda, manager of CI's
Community Education Program. "It is a very limited
field in terms of training so there is a huge sense of
privilege among the students, especially because the
Admission to the
Conservation Education
Program and Diploma
course at Kent University
is limited to eight students
per program to ensure a
high level of interaction
between students and
instructors.
Pride Campaigns are
designed to target all
segments of the
population, from children
to clergy to local leaders
and farmers.
Campaigns leaders draw
on more than 30 social
marketing techniques,
such as:
- billboards at major road
junctions
- posters displayed at
businesses, schools and
government offices
- music videos broadcast
on local TV
- popular songs broadcast
on local radio
- activities and contests at
schools
- badges and comic books
for children
- placement of target
species' images on
telephone books, stamps
and t-shirts
- outreach through
personal contacts and
meetings
course has a hands-on component that will allow them
to design locally appropriate programs for their
communities."
None of the students knew each other prior to arriving
in the UK but immediately established themselves as a
cohesive group. The strength of this group will pay
dividends when they return home and look to each other
for additional support, via the Internet, while carrying
out their campaigns.
The close, supportive nature of the group is
characteristic of the program. Although the students
will be leading their own campaigns back home, they
will have the ongoing support of RARE and CI staff,
fellow students and also past and future students
through a Rare Club online community.
Course leader Godfrey and the other Rare staff are
constantly looking for ways to make the program as
well networked and supported as possible. The online
community was developed to allow students past and
present to talk to each other about challenges they face
and solutions they are considering or have tried and
tested.
One student, 34-year-old Clyde Scott, from the Cape
Floristic Region hotspot in South Africa, said his
preliminary campaign plan includes working the full
network of 70 schools in Port Elizabeth, South Africa,
to create a new generation of conservation-aware
youngsters. He says the added layer of support from the
online RARE staff and fellow students will be "a
godsend."
"We can find out about what the other students have
done, how they’re getting on and we can learn from
their experiences," Scott says.
Students for the current course at Kent University have
come from South Africa, Sierra Leone, the Philippines,
China and Indonesia. They have a variety of
backgrounds reflecting the program's selection criteria.
Some students already hold conservation-related
qualifications; others have basic school qualifications.
Conservation experience and enthusiasm are more
important, however, than academic qualifications.
Indira Lacerna (see photo right), a 31-year-old student
from the Philippines hotspot, holds conservation-related
qualifications already but had been looking for a
program like this for years. Morne Farmer, 22, from
South Africa, has his high school certificate and oceans
of passion and enthusiasm.
The students' participation is fully funded throughout
the campaign, including salary and a budget for
campaign activity, meaning that no potential candidate
or threatened region need be excluded for lack of
financial resources.
Lacerna says she is planning major radio campaigns
alongside building core youth groups. She intends to set
up regular biodiversity field trips so that local young
people can see first-hand what it's all about. This won't
be easy. Transport in the Philippines presents logistical
difficulties while rebel activity can make visits to
communities a risky element of the job.
Edward Sesay (see photo right), a 45-year-old student
from Sierra Leone in the Guinean Forests of West Africa
hotspot, believes that adapting what they are currently
learning to their own political and social environment
will be one of the greatest challenges they face. While
many countries have communications and logistical
problems, Sierra Leone remains an unstable region and
this will present an additional challenge.
Zhang Zhe, 25, is one of two students who will pioneer
the campaign program in the Mountains of Southwest
China hotspot. She acknowledges that the culturally
controlled flow of information in China may present
challenges but she is optimistic for her ambitions to
engage the enthusiasm of China's young people. Zhang
Zhe is assessing the possibilities of working in a
community near Tibet. Here, one of the practical
elements of the Kent course could be put into play:
puppet shows that can cross language barriers and could
also be used as an income generator in tourist areas.
Using the success stories of Rare's Pride campaigns in
choosing a flagship species to focus understanding,
Zhang Zhe has already identified the white-eared
pheasant as a candidate. This bird has religious links
amongst local people but is threatened by tourism,
illegal hunting, logging and rapid economic
development together with low environmental
awareness about its status.
"My intention is to engage as many groups as possible
to take ownership of the problem," Zhang Zhe says. "I
am there to act as a facilitator so that the work will
continue long after this particular diploma campaign
ends."
In these next few weeks, the students are learning how
to analyze problems and devise solutions that will
benefit the people and wildlife of their region. When the
students return to Kent University and the Rare course
next year to report and review, they will hope to receive
their Diploma in Conservation Education. The unique
approach of the Rare course results not just in academic
recognition but also practical achievement in
conservation education thanks to the hands-on nature of
this remarkable program.
Learn more:
●
●
Visit www.rareconservation.org for more on
RARE and Pride Campaigns, including success
stories.
Visit www.rareconservation.org.uk to learn more
about the Kent University course and the
students.
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Groups Intensify AntiPoaching Patrols in
Sumatra
Press Releases
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Anti-poaching patrols in Sumatra's prized Bukit Barisan
Selatan National Park will continue and expand as part
of long-term efforts by the Indonesia Rhino
Conservation Program to reinforce the management and
protection of the park.
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© Conservation
International, photo by
Haroldo Castro
Rhino in the mud, Sumatra.
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The Indonesia Rhino Conservation Program, Program
Konservasi badak Indonesia in the Indonesian language
of Bahasa, has operated Anti-poaching Units or Rhino
Protection Units since 1995, with financial support from
a group of international conservation organizations led
by the International Rhino Foundation (IRF) and including
the Wildlife Conservation Society, WWF offices in
Indonesia and the United States and others.
Due to the recent downturn in the world economy,
donors who had supported the Protection Units were
unable to continue doing so at previous levels.
Fortunately, CEPF was given the opportunity to enable
the patrols to continue and add additional patrolling
capabilities as well. CEPF awarded the IRF a $372,710,
one-year grant in December to intensify the antipoaching program.
What's at Stake
The park at the southern tip of Sumatra is home to the
second or third largest population of Sumatran rhinos.
Of the total world population of only about 300
Sumatran rhinos, experts believe as many as 75
Sumatran rhinos (25 percent of the world population)
are found in Bukit Barisan Selatan.
As the park is vital for the survival of the species, the
program aims to maintain a high density of antipoaching units. Large numbers of Sumatran tigers and
elephants also inhabit the park as do other species such
The mission of the
International Rhino
Foundation is to support
and operate rhino
conservation and research
programs, both in nature
and in captivity, with
particular emphasis on
intensive management and
protection.
as tapirs, sambar deer, barking deer and wild boar, all of
which are numerous and form a healthy prey population
for the tiger.
Though it covers 365,000 hectares, the park is not more
than a few kilometers wide in most places and is under
increasing pressure. Poaching of wildlife is increasing,
both from traditional hunters using snares and more
sophisticated hunters using firearms. Firearms are
widely available at a time when enforcement of
environmental laws is weak.
Several programs have been initiated by local and
international organizations to strengthen the protection
and management of the wildlife and habitat of the park,
in close cooperation with the park's management.
The RPU program, the longest running program in the
park, provides the first line of defense for the critically
endangered wildlife, while other programs focus on
safeguarding the habitat and migration opportunities
and developing the capacity for conservation efforts of
the society and their leaders.
The protection units maintain detailed records of patrol
dates and routes, evidence of poachers, traps and snares
destroyed or confiscated, and signs of distribution and
activities of rhinos, tigers and elephants. They also
assist with apprehension and prosecution of poachers.
Most members have been recruited from communities
in the vicinity of the park.
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Alliance Makes Strides to
Save Sumatra Lowland
Forest
Press Releases
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Tiger poaching, unsustainable logging and humanelephant conflict are three of the main issues being
addressed by CEPF-supported projects to set aside the
Tesso Nilo forest of Sumatra as a protected area.
In this effort, led by WWF in Indonesia, more than 30
local organizations have formed an alliance to save
Tesso Nilo, which is perhaps the largest remaining area
of Sumatra's fast-disappearing lowland forests. Tesso
Nilo is believed to harbor the highest levels of lowland
forest plant biodiversity known to science.
A new WWF survey of human-elephant conflict in the
area indicates that local people are far more likely to
react to elephants raiding their crops than to take
preventative action. Revenge poisonings have left 16
elephants dead in recent months.
While tiger poaching continues to be high in and around
Tesso Nilo, one tiger poacher was convicted in May.
In more good news, the parliament of Riau Province,
where the 200,000-hectare forest is located, has agreed
to ask Indonesia's Ministry of Forestry to set aside
Tesso Nilo as a protected area as soon as possible. The
ministry is now consulting with forestry concessionaires
about the plan.
Meanwhile, a voluntary logging moratorium agreed to
by one of the province's largest pulp and paper
producers has been effectively enforced in Tesso Nilo
since March. The same company has independently
pledged to stop purchasing timber cut from Tesso Nilo,
beginning this month.
CEPF is also funding a study by Conservation
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© Conservation
Haroldo Castro
Asian elephants, Sumatra.
March 2004 Update: New
Protected Area Action for
Indonesia and the
Philippines
CEPF plans to invest $10
million in Sumatra over
five years, beginning in
2002. CEPF Investment
Strategy for Sumatra
International in Indonesia to assess the feasibility of using
conservation concessions to lease lands in Tesso Nilo
earmarked for logging in order to manage them in ways
that both protect and restore biodiversity.
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Inside Sumatra
April 2002
CEPF NEWS
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Critical Ecosystem Partnershp Fund (CEPF) staff
recently stood amid what some researchers believe is
the biologically richest forest in Sumatra and heard only
the sound of nearby chainsaws.
The on-the-ground experience brought to life the dire
status of Sumatra's forests. World Bank experts predict
that all of the island's species-rich lowland forests may
be lost by 2005—a catastrophe CEPF's new five-year
investment strategy for Sumatra aims to help prevent.
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CEPF's Portfolio and Asia Grant directors spent nearly
three weeks in Sumatra visiting possible project sites in
north Sumatra's Leuser Ecosystem, Bukit Barisan
Selatan National Park at the island's southern tip and the
south central Tesso Nilo Forest.
© Conservation
Haroldo Castro
Orangutan in Indonesia.
are available from
Sumatra. Click here.
In each location, the CEPF directors met with potential
grantees and project partners. Potential grantees are
now helping to form alliances of nongovernmental
organizations in each of the four areas.
Alliances are key to the partnership's Sumatra strategy.
The approach emphasizes enabling civil society to
monitor, protect and receive sustainable benefits from
the lush, multi-canopy rain forest, which provides vital
habitat for tigers, rhinos, elephants, sun bears,
orangutans and other threatened species.
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CEPF Expands to Nine
Hotspots
March 2002
This year marks a major expansion for the Critical
Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), with grants for
conservation projects now available in six additional
biodiversity hotspots.
The total amount available in these hotspots is $41.5
million over five years.
The hotspots newly eligible for funding—Atlantic Forest
Region, Cape Floristic Region, Chocó-Darién-Western
Ecuador, Mesoamerica, the Philippines and
Sundaland—are among the biologically richest and
most endangered areas on Earth. In some hotspots,
CEPF targets specific areas, such as Sumatra in
Sundaland, for maximum impact.
For each of these hotspots, CEPF has developed an
ecosystem profile identifying the niche for CEPF
investments to have the greatest value.
These strategic directions for investment are key: each
project must meet one of these for approval. Potential
grantees can download the profiles in PDF format in
multiple languages or view the profile text in English in
our Where We Work section.
In December, the CEPF Donor Council also approved
additional funding for the Guinean Forests of West
Africa, Madagascar and Tropical Andes hotspots.
© Conservation
Haroldo Castro
Of the 1,000 species of
orchids found in the
Philippines, an amazing
700 species (70 percent)
are restricted to the hotspot.
The CEPF Donor Council
has since approved
expansion to four
additional hotspots:
Caucasus, Eastern Arc
Mountains, Mountains of
Southwest China and the
Succulent Karoo.
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SPEAKING THE MANY LANGUAGES OF CONSERVATION:
WWF-US Strategy and Goals
March 2005
Speaking the Many Languages of Conservation:
WWF-US Strategy and Goals – March 2005
INTRODUCTION
Responding to recent fundamental shifts in the conservation landscape, in June
2004 the Board of Directors of World Wildlife Fund-US launched a strategic assessment
process – the first comprehensive examination of the organization’s overarching goals
and strategy in a decade. The Board’s goal was to position WWF-US to take best
advantage of new opportunities presented by changing circumstances and to make the
greatest possible impact on its mission.
Both external and internal factors drove the decision to undertake the assessment.
While progress has been made in improving air and water quality in many countries,
habitat destruction still reaches the most remote corners of the globe, our climate
continues to change, and the rate of species extinction has increased. The global funding
and policy community has shifted its emphasis away from environmental protection
toward poverty alleviation. Similarly, the emergence of global businesses and
environmental standards presents different threats and opportunities for conservation,
while the rising consumption of goods and services in Brazil, Russia, India, and China
poses enormous new challenges. Finally, the rapid growth of conservation organizations
has heightened opportunities for serious collaboration as well as competition for funding.
Inside WWF there was concern that the organization did not take enough risks
and needed to regain some of its dazzle. Our communications and fundraising efforts did
not adequately convey and portray the extraordinary results we had achieved in the field
and policy arenas. Equally important was the sense that WWF lacked sufficient focus
and had spread its resources too thin in pursuit of its mission – that key conservation
programs, though stellar in many respects, often operated in isolation without the focus or
funding needed to generate lasting, measurable conservation results.
Against this backdrop, a consensus soon emerged that WWF needed to focus its
programs around a common goal and strategy that take advantage of our unique array of
strengths, address increasingly global threats to conservation, and achieve greater and
more measurable results. To that end, the Strategic Assessment sought to articulate an
organizing principle for all aspects of the organization’s work – an institutional center of
gravity around which ambitions, resources, and skills could all be marshaled.
EVOLUTION OF THE NEW GOAL AND STRATEGY
The assessment built on several outstanding institutional strengths. For example,
WWF’s name, Panda logo, reputation for integrity, and long record in species
conservation comprise a brand identity unparalleled in conservation. Few if any NGOs
can match the reach and presence of the global WWF Network, whose offices are active
at all levels of civil society, government, and business in more than 100 countries.
WWF’s Global 200 and pioneering work at the ecoregional scale have become common
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currency in the world of conservation. No other NGO similarly combines broad policy
and private sector engagements with durable field programs that span the Earth.
The assessment also drew on key lessons of WWF’s signature achievements.
Notable among these are the Amazon Regional Protected Areas program (ARPA) and the
Congo Basin Conservation Partnership, which created millions of hectares of new
protected areas; the World Bank Forest Alliance and new CITES listings, which helped
secure critical habitats and rescue species on the brink of extinction; partnerships with
businesses such as Home Depot and Staples, which led to improved extractive forest
practices in tropical forests; and the creation of the Forest and Marine Stewardship
Councils, which created new certified markets for commodities.
Reflecting on our heritage and our signature accomplishments, the assessment
drew two conclusions: First, that we best harness the potential of the Network when we
link policy and institutional engagement with on-the-ground action in the field. Second,
that by bringing together our policy, private sector, and field engagements into integrated
programs we create greater coherence and focus in our overall approach.
The assessment identified measurable results in places (ecoregions and the
species and people they support) as the organizing principle most clearly aligned with the
organization’s mission (the conservation of nature), its institutional identity (World
Wildlife Fund), and heritage (the Panda logo). In this broad construct, the ultimate
objective for all WWF’s programs would be achieving lasting conservation results.
That said, such a “place-based” focus must not be misconstrued as “places-only.”
Success in conserving species and habitats requires interventions at multiple levels –
from so-called “muddy boots” conservation in the field, to national-level policy
engagements, and ultimately to influencing global markets. Similarly, a unifying goal for
WWF had to be more than the sum of results secured in a limited set of places, no matter
how spectacular those results or places were. In shaping the goals and strategy, therefore,
the assessment continually considered the larger picture.
THE CONSERVATION GOAL
In keeping with the need for measurable results, focus, and leverage, the WWFUS Board of Directors endorsed an overarching conservation goal designed both to
provide specific operational guidance to the organization and, more broadly, to serve as a
contract between Board, staff, and our supporters:
By 2015, WWF-US and its partners will measurably conserve 15 to 20 of the
world's most important ecoregions for the benefit of both the species and people
they support, and in the course of so doing, transform markets, policies, and
institutions to reduce threats to these places and to the diversity of life on Earth.
These 15-20 places will represent the complete array of the planet’s ecosystems,
stretching from the equator to the poles. Collectively, they will also represent a portfolio
of test cases for accomplishing sustainability across an array of conditions – global
climate change, habitat destruction, and over-fishing, among others – and transforming
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the most fundamental forces shaping the integrity of the planet. These places will range
in scale from an individual landscape to an aggregation of ecoregions (such as the Congo
Basin or Amazon) and will include places with both low and high chances of success.
The goal commits the organization to ambitious and measurable results. In this
light, WWF scientists are developing a place-specific “Living Planet Index” that will
measure progress toward these goals – changes in key social conditions, species
populations, habitat integrity, ecological process, and threat levels. Such quantitative
measures will allow WWF to assess the impact of its own interventions as well as to
monitor the ecological integrity of these biologically significant places over the longer
term.
In addition to providing direction and a sense of purpose for the organization,
WWF’s new goal will help advance several other key institutional objectives.
¾ It embraces the full potential of the global WWF Network. The goal embraces the
full potential of WWF as a global Network and builds on the dramatic results
achieved through the Network. The goal also attempts to integrate the essence of
the Network’s six thematic programs (Forests, Marine, Freshwater, Toxics,
Climate Change, and Species) and ecoregional conservation, consonant with the
ambitions of the WWF Network’s “One Global Programme.”
¾ It contributes measurably to our mission and vision. The goal commits WWF to
making progress and assessing progress toward goals within ecoregions, while
leveraging WWF’s collective influence to help drive major changes beyond those
individual places.
¾ It addresses complexity. The goal embraces an array of interventions at multiple
levels and builds on the unique strengths of WWF in combining field and policy
interventions. It also recognizes that complex problems require complex
solutions and that these solutions require strong partnerships with other
organizations and local communities.
¾ It builds on strengths. The goal is consistent with WWF’s mission, logo, and
heritage as a biodiversity conservation organization. It builds on WWF’s unique
ability to connect the dots and speak the many languages of conservation, from
the most global to the most local.
¾ It is ambitious and specific. The goal commits WWF to achieve ambitious,
verifiable, and sustainable conservation results. And, by coupling place-based
results with larger impacts on global markets, policies, and international
institutions, it ensures WWF will make progress toward the larger aspiration of
saving a living planet.
¾ It is marketable (dazzling). The goal offers three potential avenues for marketing.
For some, the appeal will lie in conserving flagship species and some of the most
inspiring ecoregions on the planet. Others will be drawn to the leverage in
addressing upstream threats to biodiversity through markets, policies, and
institutions. The goal’s commitment to measurable results, meanwhile, will
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address the growing interest among corporations and individuals in proven
outcomes, accountability, and return on investment.
OVERARCHING STRATEGY
Long-term conservation success at the ecoregional scale cannot be achieved
through an isolated intervention – the creation of a single protected area, for example, or
the establishment of a new national policy. Rather, one of the great lessons of
conservation is that lasting results can come only through a closely coordinated series of
interventions and engagements on multiple levels. With the threats to ecoregions so
pervasive and numerous, WWF must be equally complex and comprehensive. As such,
the organization has adopted the following overarching strategy:
WWF-US will integrate our programs and activities to do “whatever it takes” to
achieve significant, measurable progress in improving the integrity of our ecoregional
portfolio for the benefit of the species and people who live there. Our actions will
include interventions at many levels: from saving area-sensitive species and creating
protected areas, to influencing national and international policies, to transforming
institutions and markets. The specific suite of actions will differ from ecoregion to
ecoregion, but our overall approach – integrated interventions – will inspire and guide
other efforts and will transform markets, institutions, and policies to have an impact
far beyond these places.
The strategy reflects the reality that to generate meaningful results at multiple
scales, WWF-US must act as an integrated part of the larger WWF Network, and within a
wide cast of partners. WWF has seen tantalizing glimpses of the possibilities for
conservation when the Network integrates around a common objective (see Figure 1).
Global impacts (policies, institutions, markets)
National institutions and economies
The physical place
Local communities/local
governments
Habitats and landscapes
Species
Figure 1: Components of an Integrated Approach to Results
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WWF’s work to save Sumatran elephants in Tesso Nilo, Indonesia, for example,
involved WWF staff from Indonesia, the U.S., Japan, the United Kingdom, the
Netherlands, and Germany. This example moved from downstream to upstream –
mapping species needs in eastern Sumatra, creating protected areas, reducing humanwildlife conflict in the working landscape, working with major logging companies like
Asia Pulp and Paper in Sumatra and throughout its Asian operations, and, ultimately,
engaging APP creditors in Germany such as Hermes (the German government export
credit agency), and customers in the United States, such as Staples and Office Depot (see
Figure 2).
So far, these efforts have saved more than 200,000 hectares of truly irreplaceable
forest from being destroyed. In addition, a new national park was established in 2004,
forever protecting a forest that had previously been slated for timber extraction.
Staples, Office Depot, implement purchasing policies for
paper procurement
APP adopts HCVF protocol through most of its
Asian concessions
The ecological integrity of Tesso Nilo
landscape is preserved
Human-wildlife conflict reduced
with communities
Creation of Tesso Nilo National Park
Tesso Nilo
The Tiger and elephant
populations remain in Tesso Nilo
Figure 2: Multiple, stacked conservation interventions in Tesso Nilo, Indonesia
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Importantly, in the case of Tesso Nilo and all WWF’s major conservation
victories, success has come through the combined efforts of the WWF Network. In
addition, success depended on WWF’s unique ability to convene lasting and effective
partnerships with other groups. Activating this combined field of Network and external
partnerships in a unified “global team” was what ultimately drove major success (see
Figure 3).
Success Depends on Global Teams and Vital Levers
Global Team
Purchasing Policies
HCVF Protocols
Landscape Integrity
Preserved
Concessions
Park
>
Human - wildlife
Conflict
Elephants
- Tigers
Vital Levers
WWF - US Species and
Forests; WWF - Japan,
Germany, International
Staples, Office Depot,
Export Credit Agencies, FOE
WWF -Indonesia, Int.
Asia For. Coordinator
APP, APRIL, Indonesian
Government, int. markets
WWF - Sumatra Field Office,
local partners
Provincial and district
governments, APP, APRIL,
local NGOs
WWF - Sumatra Field.
Office; foreign consultants
Provincial gov’t ; Specific gov’t
ministry; APRIL, local
companies
WWF - I Field Office; US
species team
Local communities,
local gov’t
Field office; US species
team;
Local communities
and governments
Figure 3: Results in Tesso Nilo through Network Integration and Partnerships
As an additional example, WWF’s global forest conservation goals helped
establish the World Bank/WWF Forest Alliance, which in turn inspired the Brazilian
government to commit to protect 10% of the Amazon. That commitment spawned the
Amazon Regional Protected Areas program (ARPA) and the ultimate designation of
millions of hectares of new protected areas throughout the Amazon. As in the case of
Tesso Nilo, results can be measured on the ground and leverage is achieved through the
implementation of similar strategies in places like the Congo and Borneo.
In both Tesso Nilo and ARPA, global successes emerged because linkages were
made among various levels – from the most local to the most global. Looking forward,
the strategy will require planning and implementing conservation work with these
linkages in mind, rather than drawing these connections on an ad hoc basis.
Both the goal and the overarching strategy underscore the importance of
influencing the behavior of global markets, policies, and international institutions.
Working in the country with the world’s largest ecological footprint, and home to many
of the world’s largest corporations and global lending and policy institutions, WWF-US
is uniquely positioned to work with these institutions on behalf of the WWF Network.
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The assessment also identified climate change as a looming threat with the
potential to undo any conservation achievement on the ground. WWF-US, in partnership
with the WWF Network, has an important role to play in creating the momentum
necessary in the United States and globally to make a significant difference in combating
this pervasive threat. Such a role must be incorporated into the overall strategy.
INSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE GOAL AND STRATEGY
The goal and strategy will affect the organization in many ways. The emphasis on
integration and accountability, for example, will extend beyond the conservation program
to include marketing, fundraising, and communications efforts. The following major
areas have emerged as the most important implications of the goals and strategy:
1) Leadership
The strategy depends on highly motivated and skilled individuals who can cut across
departmental and programmatic boundaries to build teams and get results. In virtually
every WWF success story, there has been a charismatic, committed individual who
through force of will and personality drove a project through to completion. WWF
must identify, cultivate, and attract such leadership in WWF-US, the broader WWF
Network, in other organizations and in local communities.
2) Partnerships with Public and Private Institutions
Execution of the strategy will require more focus on productive and predictable
relationships with institutions in both the public and private sectors. At present, the
organization lacks adequate capacity and skills to engage sufficiently such major
players as the United Nations, World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and
USAID. The organization will need enhanced business knowledge and dedicated
staff capacity to build the close working relationships required to work effectively
with these large institutions and with private industry on behalf of the global WWF
Network.
3) Systems of Coordination and Communication
Supporting the impact of individual leaders will require that WWF-US develop a
better system of internal communication and build more capacity. Such changes must
promote flexibility for innovation, facilitate better coordination among teams, and,
ultimately, inspire leaders to achieve meaningful, lasting results.
4) Funding
The strategy will require significant new flexible funding. WWF-US will seek to
engage individual and institutional investors to “invest in results” rather than simply
donating to a trusted organization. Presenting the unique strengths of the global
WWF Network and our partnerships with other entities, will also help capture the
imagination and the commitment of conservation funders and new sources of support.
Finally, to implement the goal and the strategy, WWF must move quickly to design
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and support major, potentially Network-wide, fundraising campaigns for such largescale programs as ARPA.
5) Conservation Support Centers/Centers of Excellence
In response to requests from our colleagues, WWF-US will strengthen our capacity in
a number of areas – areas that would function in support of the entire global Network:
¾ Measures and Monitoring: Assessing impacts at the ecoregional level
through an adaptation of the Living Planet Index.
¾ Conservation Science: Continuing to provide science leadership to the
Network, with demand for these services growing.
¾ Conservation Finance: Developing innovative financing mechanisms and
with an increasing focus on the value of ecological goods and services.
¾ Business and Industry: Advancing transformative engagements with the
private sector – not just in the United States, but globally.
¾ Ecoregion Support: Ensuring the necessary skills and support to deliver
results across the many Network ecoregion programs.
6) Strengthened Management Systems
With simple measures of conservation impact and a common framework for
achieving them, WWF-US can strengthen its ability to measure progress and adjust
our actions and investments accordingly. With programs and teams accountable to
each other as well as for their own results, the new goal and strategy will ensure
better collaboration and integration.
7) Updated Set of Priorities
The new strategy and goal requires an organization-wide review of program
investments. The strategy will also help phase out or find new homes for activities
that are successful in their own rights but that are not aligned with the strategy. Most
importantly, success will depend on the selection of places in close coordination with
the WWF Network. A current coordinated effort to update our priorities will consider
three general criteria:
¾ Biological importance. Places that well represent the diversity of life on
Earth. We would include factors such as biome representation, species of
global concern, endemism and species richness. Areas with multiple,
overlapping ecosystem types (e.g., freshwater, terrestrial, and marine) would
score high.
¾ Potential for local to global alignment. Places that serve as platforms for
transforming global policies, markets, or institutions. Ecoregions where
policies or funding derived from public institutions shape the character of a
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place (e.g., infrastructure development in the Amazon) or where there is
international market demand for a product (e.g., palm oil from Borneo) would
score high. The portfolio should reflect a sample of potential interventions in
markets, policies, and institutions that allow for the global transformations
highlighted in the goal.
¾ Threat, Risk, Capacity. Certain measures of risk must be taken into account
in the selection of places, e.g., political climate, institutional capacity, and
WWF influence in a particular place. The portfolio should balance a spectrum
of risk and capacity factors. Places where a number of WWF Network offices
and other NGOs have a shared commitment to collaborate at different scales
will be favored.
NEXT STEPS IN THE PROCESS
With the WWF-US Board of Directors’ approval of the goal and strategy, the
organization is now turning to implementation. At one level, this process will involve
“field testing” these ideas with key constituents, including staff, major individual donors,
foundation executives, representatives of international institutions, and other conservation
organizations.
From an institutional perspective, meanwhile, implementation will proceed in a
phased manner along a number of fronts. Among the key steps in the process are the
following:
¾ A rough cut at applying the criteria to determine priority ecoregions and
programs, and to design collaborative programs with other parts of the
Network and partner organizations;
¾ An evaluation of the current structure, skills, and systems to ensure alignment
and identify areas for improvement;
¾ A refinement of the Living Planet Index on an ecoregion basis and the
implementation and use of effective measurement systems;
¾ An estimate of the financial implications of achieving the goal;
¾ A major initiative both to raise the public profile of WWF and its mission, and
a concurrent effort to raise significant new funds for conservation.
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CONCLUSION
More than at any other time in our history, the decisions made by human beings
over the next decade will permanently and profoundly shape the natural character of the
planet. A sense of urgency must infuse this entire initiative. The goal and strategy
represent a commitment – a contract – between WWF staff, the WWF Board, WWF
partners, and, ultimately, the global community. It is a commitment to change the world:
first by achieving lasting, dramatic conservation results in a cluster of 15-20 of the
planet's most biologically important ecosystems, and second, by leveraging those results
for global impact by transforming some of the world’s most important institutions,
policies, and markets.
How will the world be different if WWF succeeds in achieving its goal and
strategy?
Some of the difference you will see on the ground, in these places. People and
nature will flourish side by side; working lands and waters will share the landscape with
wild places and wildlife; and human needs will be met without harming the full diversity
of life. Other changes will be less tangible but equally vital: new international
agreements, policies, and business practices will be in force around the globe, driving the
conservation of these places and leveraging conservation across the globe. But perhaps
the most important change will come in the attitudes and behaviors of people. Done right,
WWF’s work in these places can inspire people across the world to embrace their
responsibility to care for the living planet.
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APPENDIX 1: WWF-US’S VISION, MISSION, GOALS, STRATEGY
VISION
WWF envisions a world in which the full diversity of life is conserved
forever. Our vision is a world of wild places, where the mystery and
grandeur of nature endures, and a world of working lands and waters,
where people and nature flourish side by side. Our vision is a world
where human needs are met without harming the planet, where people
recognize that their well-being depends ultimately on nature, and where
humanity embraces its responsibility to care for the Earth.
MISSION
World Wildlife Fund’s mission is the conservation of nature. We work to
preserve the diversity and abundance of life on Earth and the health of
ecological systems by protecting natural areas and wild populations of
plants and animals, including endangered species; promoting sustainable
approaches to the use of renewable natural resources and; promoting more
efficient use of resources and energy and the maximum reduction of
pollution. [Abridged]
GOAL
By 2015, WWF-US and its partners will measurably conserve 15 to 20 of
the world's most important ecoregions for the benefit of both the species
and people they support, and in the course of so doing, transform markets,
policies, and institutions to reduce threats to these places and to the
diversity of life on Earth.
STRATEGY
WWF-US will integrate our programs and activities to do “whatever it
takes” to achieve significant, measurable progress in improving the
integrity of our ecoregional portfolio for the benefit of the species and
people who live there. Our actions will include interventions at many
levels: from saving area-sensitive species and creating protected areas, to
influencing national and international policies, to transforming institutions
and markets. The specific suite of actions will differ from ecoregion to
ecoregion, but our overall approach – integrated interventions – will
inspire and guide other efforts and will transform markets, institutions, and
policies to have an impact far beyond these places.
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RHINO PATROL UNITS
IN
BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN NATIONAL
PARK – SUMATRA
INDONESIA;
AN ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS
JAKARTA, NOVEMBER 28, 2003
Effectiveness Assessment of RPUs in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park – Indonesia
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - English
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - Indonesian
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ASSESSMENT APPROACH
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
3.1 Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
3.2 Background and Administrative Context of Project
4. FINDINGS AND ASSESSMENT
4.1 Design and Project Implementation Strategy
4.2 Current Status per Output Indicators
4.2.1 Output 1: Operation of 8 Rhino and Tiger Patrol Units, including Management and
Coordination
4.2.2 Output 2: Enhancement of the BBS Intelligence Fund
4.2.3 Output 3: Expansion of BBS Law Enforcement and Advocacy Programme
4.2.4 Output 4: Independent Programme Assessment
4.3 Current Status per Purpose Indicator
4.3.1 Purpose 1: No quantitative increase on poaching of rhino and tiger
4.3.2 Purpose 2: Increased number of poachers convicted throughout the Project period
4.4 Administrative and financial management of the project
4.4.1 Administrative management of the project
4.4.2 Financial management of the project
4.5 Composition and effectiveness of consultancy inputs, national project staff and National Park staff
4.6 Coordination and management arrangements with BBS and other Governmental Authorities
4.6.1 Linkages and Effectiveness
4.6.2 Emerging Issues
4.7 Coordination with other NGOs operating in the BBS area
4.7.1 World Wide Fund for Nature - Indonesia
4.7.2 Wildlife Conservation Society
4.7.3 National Non-Governmental Organisations
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
On the Effectiveness of the RPUs
5.2
On Linkages with Governmental Institutions, especially Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
5.3
On Linkages with the Foreseen CANOPI Programme
ANNEX 1: Documents consulted
ANNEX 2: Assessment per Indicator
ANNEX 3: Terms of Reference
ANNEX 4: Programme of the Mission
ANNEX 5: People and Organisations consulted
1
ABBREVIATIONS
AsRSG
BBSNP
CEPF
Gov
IDR
IRF
IUCN-SSC
NGO
NP
NTFP
MoF
MoU
Park
PHKA
PKBI
Project
RCO
RPU
STCP
WCS
WCU
WWF
Asian Rhinos Specialist Group (under IUNC-SSC)
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Government
Indonesian Rupiah
International Rhino Foundation
International Union for Conservation of Nature (The World Conservation Union) –
Species Specialist Group
Non-Governmental Organization
National Park (i.e. Bukit Barisan Selatan)
Non-Timber Forest Products
Ministry of Forestry
Memorandum of Understanding
refers to Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Perlindungan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam (Directorate General Forest Protection and
Nature Conservation of the Ministry of Forestry)
Program Konservasi Badak Indonesia (Indonesian Rhino Conservation Programme)
refers to Anti-Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers, and other Mega-fauna within Bukit
Barisan Selatan National Park and Ecosystem, Sumatra - Indonesia
Rhino Conservation Officer
Rhino Protection Unit / Rhino Patrol Unit / Anti-Poaching Unit
Sumatran Tiger Conservation Program
Wildlife Crime Unit
World Wide Fund for Nature
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Evaluation Team would like to thank Ms. Purbasari Surjadi of CEPF for her interest and
continued support to the RPU Project. We thank Dr. Nico van Strien of IRF for his assistance and
hospitality. We recognize the critical roles Mr. A. A. Hutabarat and Mr. Arif Rubianto have played in
running the RPU project and here we would like to thank them for their hard work. We were
impressed by the dedication of Drs. Tamen Sitorus MSc, Head of BBSNP; if only all National Parks
were lead by people like Mr. Sitorus. We would also like to thank the other NGOs who participated in
the discussions and shared their ideas and important documents with us. But most important of all,
we thank the Project’s support staff and RPU team members who diligently patrol the national park
under very uncomfortable circumstances which include mud, rain, steep slopes and leeches apart
from real dangers such as armed poachers. Without their dedication, enthusiasm and discipline there
will be no Sumatran Rhinos left in this world.
Jakarta, November 28, 2003
Sukianto Lusli
Gert Polet
Christy Williams
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
With an estimated presence of 60 – 80 individuals (IRCP/PKBI 2001 Annual Report, Arif Rubianto
pers. comm.), Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park holds the second largest Sumatran Rhinoceros
population in the world. According to the Head of BBSNP the 3 main threats to conservation of the
National Park are encroachment, illegal logging and poaching. The project Anti-Poaching Patrols
for Rhinos, Tigers, and other Mega-fauna within Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and Ecosystem,
Sumatra – Indonesia is funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund through the International
Rhino Foundation and the Program Konservasi Badak Indonesia - PKBI (Indonesia Rhino
Conservation Programme - IRCP). The core of the project is the establishment of Rhino Patrol Units
(RPUs) consisting of one ranger (Governmental staff from BBSNP) acting as team leader and three
members recruited from local communities. In 2003 eight RPUs (including two Tiger Patrol Units TPUs) were supported with a total value of USD 372,710.-.
This assessment was carried out from 15 – 28 November 2003 by three independent consultants and
aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Program, future needs for the program to attain its ultimate
goal of a safe and expanding Rhino population in BBS, and to make recommendation for
modifications and expansions of the operations and procedures. The Team learned about the
proposed CANOPI programme to be contracted by CEPF to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS).
As this development has critical implications for the RPUs, the Team took the liberty to make
suggestions related to the CANOPI programme as well.
Project Management
The eight RPUs in BBSNP have one Field Coordinator and receive technical support from one
Supervisor. There is a PKBI Programme Manager responsible for the administration of the Project as
well as for liaising with Government and reporting to the donor. The technical supervision of the RPUs
lies with the Head of the BBSNP who issues official working orders to the RPUs. Designing such a
structure, getting such a balance accepted by all stakeholders and maintaining it has been a
remarkable achievement of the Project. The Project has been designed logically and is easy to
monitor.
The assessment noted there have been delays in reporting to Bogor, but that steps have been taken
to improve this. It was also noted that the division of roles of Supervisor and Programme Manager is
not sufficiently clear. It is suggested that the Programme Manager focus on liaison with the central
Government and PKBI report compilation, whilst the Supervisor should have direct responsibility over
the RPUs stationed in BBSNP and Way Kambas NP and for intelligence gathering in Lampung
Province. The Supervisor needs an assistant to reduce the projects dependence on one key post.
Effectiveness of RPUs
The RPU programme seems to be the only programme that is addressing short-term threats within
BBSNP. Each RPU consists of a leader from Polisi Hutan (PolHut - BBSNP Rangers), and 3 other
members recruited from the local community. The composition is very effective. The important rhino
and tiger areas are all well covered by the RPUs. Poachers now get punishments which deter future
poaching. The programme should be congratulated for achieving verdicts in 13 cases as against a
target figure of 6. It appears that the reporting of zero poaching cases of tigers and rhinos in BBSNP
since Jan. 2003 seems to reflect the actual situation.
In future greater effort is needed to secure convictions of middle-men and the financiers or buyers of
rhino, elephant and tiger products.
Integration with other NGO activities
There is a strong willingness to collaborate on law enforcement issues between the various NGOs
(WCS, WWF, WATALA, ALAS etc.). There has been regular data sharing between WCS IP, WWFIndonesia’s BBSNP Project Executant and the RPU supervisor at the field level. However the
relationship between NGOs work in BBSNP and the RPU programme is very informal and unclear,
with some replication of activities. A more coordinated approach would make law enforcement and
4
media advocacy more effective. In particular, it is proposed that the WCS-WCU and WWF teams
should take-over the monitoring of the judicial process. This task should not be performed by the
RPUs because of lack of technical expertise and diversion of the RPU’s core business (i.e. first-line
protection of large mammals). For this purpose it is recommended that WCS-WCU and WWF (or as a
part of CANOPI) consider contracting a full-time lawyer specialised in wildlife regulations.
The proposed CANOPI program should provide a forum for such collaboration, but to do so it is
important that the CANOPI plan addresses the need to build the capacity of the BBSNP and at the
same time leverage support from District Government around the park. It appears that the internal
coordination of IRF-RPU input into the development of the CANOPI Programme has been suboptimal and that IRF technical advisors have not been engaged in this development sufficiently.The
draft CANOPI logframe has not been shared with the key reciepient, i.e. BBSNP, and also not with all
NGOs operating in the BBSNP landscape (e.g. IRF). It has been observed that the draft CANOPI
logframe is poorly integrated with the priorties set by the key recipient, BBSNP.
Integration with and support from Government
The IRF-RPU project is highly respected and actively supported by the Ministry of Forestry. The
Project is well integrated into Governmental structures at Central and National Park level, while
maintaining its independence administratively. The RPUs also get involved in action against illegal
logging. If illegal logging were handled by regular NP rangers this would free more of the time of the
RPUs to get into the field.
Recommendations for future development
It is important to avoid increasing dependence on NGO funded RPUs. It is recommended that a
specific Output or Activity be created under a future continuation of a CEPF supported project with
IRF which provides for training to regular BBSNP rangers and for developing equipment and
infrastructure in BBSNP. There should also be an effort to get rangers back to manning guard posts
and to represent the park authority in the villages bordering with BBSNP.
CEPF should favourably consider a proposal to be submitted soonest by IRF for continued funding of
RPU work until 2006 in the BBSNP Landscape. The RPU programme should maintain its financial
and organisational independence from the proposed CANOPI programme to ensure continuity and
smooth functioning, but should work in close coordination with the CANOPI programme when it
comes into operation, in order to achieve an integrated strategy to address the BBSNP’s threats. To
achieve this it is recommended that a separate contract is negotiated between CEPF and IRF for the
period 2004 – 2006 for RPU work within BBSNP and a separate contract between CEPF and WCS
for CANOPI work in the BBSNP bufferzone. A well-defined MoU between IRF-PKHA and WCSCANOPI which defines each other’s roles, responsibilities and exchange of information (especially
regarding Law Enforcement and the utilisation of data) has to be a prerequisite before any of the two
contracts can be signed.
RPU operations currently rely on NGO funding. It is recommended that a specific strategy is
developed under a CEPF supported project with IRF which explores possibilities to mobilise
Governmental funds to support RPU-type operations.
5
RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF
Dengan jumlah badak sebanyak kira-kira 60 – 80 ekor (IRCP/PKBI 2001 Annual Report, Arif
Rubianto pers. comm.), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan memiliki populasi Badak Sumatra di
peringkat kedua atau ketiga terbesar di dunia. Menurut Kepala TNBBS, 3 ancaman utama terhadap
pelestarian Taman Nasional tersebut adalah perambahan, penebangan dan perburuan liar. Proyek
Patroli Anti-Perburuan Badak, Harimau, dan Mega-fauna lainnya di Taman Nasional dan Ekosistem
Bukit Barisan Selatan, Sumatra – Indonesia dibiayai oleh Dana Kemitraan Ekosistem Kritis (CEPF)
melalui Yayasan Badak Internasional (IRF) dan Program Konservasi Badak Indonesia - PKBI
(Program Konservasi Badak Indonesia). Inti proyek ini adalah pembentukan Rhino Patrol Units / Unitunit Patroli Badak (RPU/UPB) yang terdiri atas seorang penjaga hutan (staf Pemerintah dari TNBBS)
yang bertindak sebagai pemimpin tim, dan tiga anggota yang direkrut dari masyarakat setempat.
Pada tahun 2003, delapan RPU/UPB diberi dukungan senilai total 372,710.- Dollar AS.
Penilaian ini dilaksanakan tanggal 15 – 28 November 2003 oleh tiga konsultan independen untuk
meninjau keefektifan Program tersebut, kebutuhan-kebutuhannya di masa mendatang dalam
mencapai tujuan akhirnya, yaitu populasi Badak yang aman dan berkembang di BBS, dan
merekomendasikan perubahan dan pengembangan operasi serta prosedur. Tim ini mempelajari
usulan program CANOPI yang akan dikontrakkan oleh CEPF kepada Lembaga Pelestarian Satwa
Liar (WCS). Karena dampak pengembangan ini menentukan bagi RPU/UPB, Tim juga
memberanikan diri untuk memberikan saran-saran yang berkaitan dengan program CANOPI.
Manajemen Proyek
Delapan RPU/UPB yang ada di TNBBS mempunyai seorang Koordinator Lapangan dan menerima
bantuan teknis dari seorang Pengawas. Ada seorang Manajer Program PKBI yang
bertanggungjawab atas administrasi Proyek serta hubungan dengan Pemerintah dan laporan kepada
donor. Pengawasan teknis RPU/UPB ditangani oleh Kepala TNBBS yang mengeluarkan perintah
kerja resmi kepada RPU/UPB. Merancang struktur semacam itu, menghasilkan keseimbangan yang
diterima oleh semua pihak yang terkait dan mempertahankannya, merupakan suatu prestasi Proyek
yang mengagumkan. Proyek ini telah didesain secara logis dan mudah dipantau.
Tim mencatat bahwa telah terjadi kelambatan pelaporan ke Bogor, namun telah diambil langkahlangkah untuk memperbaikinya. Juga telah dicatat bahwa pembagian peran antara Pengawas dan
Manajer Program kurang jelas. Disarankan agar Manajer Program berfokus pada hubungan dengan
Pemerintah pusat dan penyusunan laporan PKBI, sedangkan Pengawas harus bertanggungjawab
langsung mengawasi RPUs/UPB-UPB yang ditempatkan di TNBBS dan TN Way Kambas dan atas
proses pengumpulan informasi dari berbagai tempat di Provinsi Lampung. Pengawas memerlukan
seorang asisten untuk mengurangi kebergantungan proyek pada satu pos utama.
Keefektifan RPU/UPB
Tampaknya, program RPU/UPB adalah satu-satunya program yang mengatasi ancaman-ancaman
jangka pendek di TNBBS. Tiap RPU/UPB terdiri atas seorang pemimpin dari Polisi Hutan (Polisi
Hutan TNBBS), dan 3 anggota lainnya direkrut dari masyarakat setempat. Susunan ini sangat efektif.
Kawasan-kawasan badak dan harimau yang penting semuanya dikerjakan dengan baik oleh
RPU/UPB. Para pemburu sekarang mendapat hukuman yang membuat mereka jera melakukan
perburuan di masa depan. Program ini patut diberi ucapan selamat karena telah mendapat putusan
dalam 13 kasus melampaui sasaran semula yaitu 6. Tidak adanya laporan kasus perburuan harimau
dan badak di TNBBS sejak Januari 2003 tampaknya mencerminkan situasi yang sebenarnya.
Di masa mendatang, perlu upaya yang lebih besar untuk memastikan hukuman atas para penadah
dan pemberi modal atau pembeli produk-produk badak, gajah dan harimau.
Integrasi dengan kegiatan-kegiatan LSM lainnya
Terdapat kemauan yang kuat untuk bekerja sama di antara berbagai LSM (WCS, WWF, WATALA,
ALAS dsb.) sehubungan dengan masalah-masalah penegakan hukum. Telah berlangsung kegiatan
berbagi data secara teratur antara WCS IP, Pelaksana Proyek TNBBS WWF-Indonesia dan
Pengawas RPU/UPB di tingkat lapangan. Tetapi hubungan antara pekerjaan berbagai LSM di
6
TNBBS dan Program RPU/UPB sangat informal dan tidak jelas, walaupun memang ada pengulangan
kegiatan. Pendekatan yang lebih terkoordinasi diharapkan dapat lebih mengefektifkan penegakan
hukum dan advokasi lewat media. Khususnya, diusulkan agar tim-tim WCS-WCU dan WWF
mengambil alih pemantauan proses peradilan. Tugas ini sebaiknya tidak dilaksanakan oleh
RPU/UPB karena kurangnya keahlian teknis dan akan mengalihkan tanggung jawab inti RPU/UPB
(yakni perlindungan baris depan bagi mamalia besar). Untuk itu direkomendasikan agar WCS-WCU
dan WWF (atau sebagai bagian CANOPI) mempertimbangkan untuk mengontrak seorang penasihat
hukum purna-waktu dengan spesialisasi di bidang peraturan satwa liar.
Program CANOPI yang diusulkan perlu menyediakan sebuah forum untuk kerja sama tersebut, tetapi
penting agar rencana CANOPI memberi perhatian kepada kebutuhan untuk membangun kapasitas
TNBBS dan pada waktu yang sama menarik dukungan dari Pemerintah Kabupaten di sekitar taman
tersebut. Tampaknya koordinasi internal terhadap input IRF-RPU/UPB yang akan masuk ke dalam
pengembangan Program CANOPI masih kurang optimal dan para penasihat teknis IRF belum
ditugaskan dalam pengembangan ini secara memadai. Rancangan struktur pencatatan (logframe)
CANOPI belum dibagikan kepada penerima utama, yakni TNBBS, maupun kepada semua LSM yang
beroperasi di Lokasi TNBBS (mis. IRF). Telah diamati bahwa rancangan struktur pencatatan CANOPI
diintegrasikan secara tidak memadai dengan prioritas-prioritas yang ditetapkan oleh penerima utama,
TNBBS. Juga diperhatikan bahwa sebuah operasi RPU/UPB dimasukkan dalam struktur pencatatan
CANOPI tetapi dengan cara yang tampaknya kurang memperhitungkan tuntutan terhadap nilai dan
pengelolaannya.
Integrasi dengan dan dukungan dari Pemerintah
Proyek IRF-RPU/UPB sangat dihargai dan secara aktif didukung oleh Departemen Kehutanan.
Proyek ini terintegrasi dengan baik dalam berbagai struktur Pemerintahan di tingkat Pusat dan
Taman Nasional, namun secara administratif tetap independen. RPUs/UPB-UPB juga terlibat dalam
tindakan terhadap penebangan liar. Jika penebangan liar ditangani oleh polisi tetap hutan TN, ini
diharapkan dapat memberi lebih banyak kesempatan bagi RPU/UPB untuk masuk ke lapangan.
Rekomendasi untuk pengembangan masa depan
Penting menghindari ketergantungan yang semakin meningkat kepada RPUs/UPB-UPB yang
dibiayai oleh LSM. Direkomendasikan agar Output atau Kegiatan yang spesifik diciptakan pada
kelanjutan proyek dengan IRF yang didukung oleh CEPF di masa depan untuk memungkinkan
pelatihan bagi polisi tetap hutan TNBBS serta pengembangan perlengkapan dan infrastruktur di
TNBBS. Juga perlu ada upaya agar polisi hutan kembali bekerja di pos-pos penjagaan dan mewakili
pihak yang berwenang atas taman di desa-desa yang berbatasan dengan TNBBS.
CEPF perlu secara positif mempertimbangkan agar sebuah usul diajukan sesegera mungkin oleh IRF
untuk pembiayaan pekerjaan RPU/UPB secara berkelanjutan sampai tahun 2006 di Lokasi TNBBS.
Program RPU/UPB perlu mempertahankan ketidaktergantungannya secara keuangan dan organisasi
kepada Program CANOPI yang diusulkan untuk menjamin keberlanjutan dan fungsi yang lancar,
tetapi perlu berkoordinasi erat dengan program CANOPI bila program tersebut telah beroperasi, agar
dapat dihasilkan sebuah strategi yang terpadu untuk menanggulangi ancaman-ancaman terhadap
BBSNP. Untuk itu direkomendasikan agar sebuah kontrak terpisah dirundingkan antara CEPF dan
IRF untuk periode 2004 – 2006 untuk pekerjaan RPU/UPB di dalam TNBBS dan sebuah kontrak
terpisah antara CEPF dan WCS untuk pekerjaan CANOPI di dalam daerah penyangga TNBBS.
Sebuah Kesepakatan Bersama (MoU) yang dirumuskan dengan baik antara IRF-PKHA dan WCSCANOPI yang mendefinisikan peran, tanggung jawab dan pertukaran informasi (khususnya
mengenai Penegakan Hukum dan pemanfaatan data) di antara satu sama lain harus menjadi
prasyarat sebelum salah satu dari kedua kontrak tersebut dapat ditandatangani.
Operasi-operasi RPU/UPB saat ini bergantung pada pembiayaan LSM. Direkomendasikan agar
sebuah strategi spesifik dikembangkan berdasarkan proyek dengan IRF yang didukung oleh CEPF,
yang menyelidiki berbagai kemungkinan untuk mengerahkan dana-dana Pemerintah demi
mendukung operasi-operasi sejenis RPU/UPB.
7
1. INTRODUCTION
This report reflects the assessment of effectiveness of the Anti-Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers,
and other Mega-fauna within Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and Ecosystem, Sumatra –
Indonesia Project funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund through the International Rhino
Foundation and the Program Konservasi Badak Indonesia - PKBI (Indonesia Rhino Conservation
Programme). The assessment has been conducted in the period November 15 – 28 of the year 2003
by three independent consultants with the following objectives;
•
•
•
•
An assessment of the effectiveness of the Program, including the organization and
management structure.
An assessment of the future needs for the program to attain its ultimate goal of a safe and
expanding Rhino population in BBS.
Recommendation for modifications and expansions of the operations and procedures.
Recommendations for future funding from CEPF and other donors.
2. ASSESSMENT APPROACH
The assessment was mainly carried out by reading programme documents, proposals, and reports
before meeting and interviewing the various stakeholders of the RPU program in BBSNP. A list of
people met during the mission is given in Annex 5. In some cases the interviews were in the form of
discussions with groups of individuals representing various International, National or Regional NGOs.
We also got further clarifications on certain issues from members of the various NGOs by meeting
them individually. Additionally we also met with the authorities of BBSNP over two days. We went out
to the field with an RPU team to get a feeling for the work they are involved in. We then met with all
the members of the RPUs stationed at BBSNP as a group to discuss the various issues that had
come up and also to get their views on the programme.
Our interviews and discussions with the Programme Management focused on:
• Clarifications on administration, operation and reporting of the RPUs after going through the
various reports.
Our interviews and discussions with the NGOs focused on the following themes:
• The usefulness of the RPUs in protecting large mammal populations and their habitats within
BBSNP.
• The linkages of these NGOs to the work that RPUs are engaged in.
• The contribution of these NGOs in helping RPUs and the NP with law enforcement outside
the NP.
• The contribution of these NGOs in addressing other threats like illegal logging, non-timber
forest products collection and encroachments.
• Their views on future funding and sustainability of this programme.
• Their views on position of the RPU programme vis-à-vis the proposed CANOPI programme.
Our interviews and discussions with officials from the Ministry of Forestry and BBSNP officials
focused on:
• The usefulness of the RPU programme in protecting large mammal populations in BBSNP.
• The roles and responsibilities of the Ministry and the NP authorities in the RPU programme,
including operational issues.
• Their views on the possibility of co-funding the RPUs.
• Their views on long-term sustainability of the RPU programme.
• Their views on this two-tier system of protection staff in the park (RPU rangers and regular
park rangers) and its’ effect on the morale of the regular park staff.
• Their views and ideas on building the capacity of the regular forest rangers to deal with
issues like illegal logging, encroachment and NTFP collection.
Our interviews with RPU staff largely concentrated on:
• Their understanding of the main task and operation procedure of RPU.
• Their comments on the existing structure and organization of the RPU, especially the clarity
over management responsibility and reporting.
8
•
•
•
•
•
Their comments on the existing operation procedure.
Their comments on the present salary, benefit and field supports (equipment etc).
Their understanding how to process the patrol and survey results to PKBI.
Their views on the RPU relationship with local community inside and outside the National
Park.
The needs for additional training and skills development.
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
3.1 Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is situated on the southern most tip of the island
Sumatra. The area was declared as the South Sumatra I Wildlife Preserve in 1935 and received
national park status in 1982 under the Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 736/Mentan/X/1982. The
Park comprises about 356,800 ha. It stretches for 150 km along the Barisan Mountain range, is at
places not wider than 10 km and thus has long boundary of over 700 km. Its terrain is mainly
mountenous. To the east the Park reaches the Indian Ocean and is bordered by heavily encroached
forest reserves to the west. A mosaic of vegetation types, including wetlands and Dipterocarp forests,
supports a diverse fauna. The Park hosts remarkable and highly endangered mega-fauna including
Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Asian Elephant Elephas maximus, Sumatran Tiger
Panthera tigris sumatrae, Tapir Tapirus indicus, Malay Sun Bear Helarctos malayanus, Dhole Cuon
alpinus, Siamang Hylobates syndactylus and Agile Gibbon Hylobates agilis. With an estimated
presence of 60 – 80 individuals (IRCP/PKBI 2001 Annual Report, Arif Rubianto pers. comm.), BBSNP
holds the second or third largest Sumatran Rhinoceros population (total worldwide population
estimated to be about 300 (IUCN-SSC AsRSG, 1997).
The total number of rangers employed by the Government is 67, including eight attached to the
RPUs. The Head of BBSNP identified three main threats to conservation:
1. Encroachment.
2. Illegal logging.
3. Poaching.
Kinnaird et al. (2003) provide an overview of deforestation trends between 1985 and 1999 in BBSNP
and its bufferzone based on satelite images. In that period forest cover within BBSNP decreased from
80% of total area to 52%; about 66,000 ha was lost and only 121,000 ha of forest is remaining.
Virtually all forest in the bufferzone disappeared in this period.
According to the Head of BBSNP, an estimated 15,000 households live within the National Park
boundaries, utilising about 30,000 ha for coffee and rice cultivation. He liased with Districts and called
for a halt to further in-migration which is said to have stopped in 2003. He believes that people are
willing to leave the National Park but Districts and Provincial authorities are not cooperating to identify
and make available alternative land. Small-scale illegal logging is common place. Information
campaigns and suppression by RPUs resulted in a decreasing pressure but these measures remain
only partly effective according to the Head of BBSNP. Poaching is common place and is practised by
a variety of people from opportunistic hunters to well organised rhino poaching syndicates. According
to the Head of BBSNP, the RPUs play a significant role in suppressing poaching.
For the period 2003 to 2008, the BBSNP wants to concentrate on the following five priorities:
1. Combat illegal logging.
2. Combat poaching.
3. Combat encroachment.
4. Ecotourism development.
5. Bufferzone development.
3.2 Background and Administrative Context of Project
The Rhino Patrol Units (RPU) project operating in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is funded by
the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF)since January 2003. From 1996 till 1998 the RPUs
were funded by the UNDP/GEF, and from 1998 till 2002 by IRF. CEPF has already invested nearly
USD 750,000 since 2002 A substantial amount will be granted until 2006 to ensure conservation
9
benefits for Bukit Barisan Selatan NP and its endangered species. CEPF also help civil society to
ensure long term financial mechanism is developed for BBS NP. It supports eight RPUs in the year
2003 with a total value of USD 372,710.-. A no cost extension until February 2004 has been granted.
The Project is managed by the Program Konservasi Badak Indonesia (PKBI) or Indonesian Rhino
Conservation Programme (IRCP), initially established under the UNDP/GEF programme
Conservation Strategy for Rhinoceros in South East Asia which ran from 1996 to 1998. From 1999 till
2002 it was funded by IRF. Apart from the RPU project in BBSNP, PKBI also manages RPUs in
Kerinci Seblat NP, Way Kambas NP and Ujung Kulon NP. For this purpose it receives financial
resources from NGOs such IRF, WWF, RTCF-USFWS and many others. The PKBI operates under a
MoU with the Ministry of Forestry (valid until 2008) and is technically assisted by the International
Rhino Foundation.
At the core of the Project is a Rhino Patrol Unit (RPU) which consists of one ranger (Governmental
staff from BBSNP) acting as team leader and three members recruited from local communities. The
eight RPUs in BBSNP have one Field Coordinator and receive technical support from one Supervisor.
PKBI’s Programme Manager is responsible for the administration of the Project as well as for liaising
with Government (especially the Director of Biodiversity Conservation in MoF who acts as Rhino
Conservation Officer) and reporting to the donor. The technical supervision of the RPUs lies with the
Head of the BBSNP who issues official working orders to the RPUs. Relations and reporting lines are
depicted in the organogram.
CEPF
MoF Rhino
Conservation
Officer
IRF
(Technical
Advisor)
PKBI
Programme
Manager
Director of
BBSNP
Supervisor *
RPU Field Coordinator
RPU 1 - 8
instruction / financial flow:
coordination:
reporting:
* Starting January 2003 the function of Supervisor has been abolished. A new Intelligence and law-enforcement
unit will be established to assist the Np and the Field Coordinators.
Recognising BBSNP as a biodiversity hotspot stronghold, especially for mega-fauna, recognising the
threats the Park is facing and recognising the constraints the responsible authority experiences, IRF
10
provides assistance to the BBS National Park in protecting large mammals such as Sumatran Rhino,
Asian Elephant and Tiger. It does so by financing, training, equipping and running Rhino Patrol Units
which are controlled administratively by IRF through PKBI and technically by the BBSNP. This
support ties in with the BBSNP priorities and has been recognised in the Indonesian Biodiversity
Strategy and Action Plan 2003 – 2020 (Bappenas 2003).
The Purpose of the Project is the reduction of poaching of megafauna, in particular rhino and tiger,
and improvement of law enforcement for rhino and tiger conservation. This objective is to be worked
towards(Outputs) are:
1. Operation of eight Rhino and Tiger Patrol Units, including management and coordination.
2. Enhancement of the BBS Intelligence Fund (to provide incentives and rewards to obtain
reliable information from local residents that will facilitate prevention or elimination of poacher
operations).
3. Expansion of the BBS Law Enforcement and Advocacy Programme (that provides funds to
the National Park to pay expenses incurred to process cases through the courts, and to
provide incentives and support to local and national media to cover conservation law
enforcement cases and other conservation issues more intensively).
4. Independent programme assessment.
In total nine Output Indicators have been formulated.
The Project strengthens the capacity of responsible authorities (MoF, BBSNP) to provide improved
protection to mega-fauna. BBSNP is the secondary beneficiary of the Project. BBSNP’s mega-fauna,
especially its Sumatran rhinos and tigers, derive direct benefit from the Project.
4.
FINDINGS AND ASSESSMENT
4.1 Design and Project Implementation Strategy
The design of the project is prescribed by CEPF in the form of a series of forms to be filled-in. The
logical framework is complex. It is very easy to mix-up Targeted Conservation Outcomes with Project
Purposes and those in return with Project Outputs. However, in the Project under review this has not
happened; the Project has been designed logically. The higher-aggregate Long-Term Goal Statement
and associated Means of Verification are useful in designing a project but hardly play a role in
reporting progress or to measure impact. The large number of Output Indicators provide ample
opportunity to measure progress. The Technical Reports provided do exactly that; the Project has
been easy to track. However, the large number of indicators require a significant amount of data to be
gathered. There is a danger that a project might put too much emphasis on data gathering for
monitoring which may be at the expense of actual implementation of result-oriented activities. In the
case of this particular Project, this danger did not realy materialise because the data collected is
primarily used in regular patrol reporting towards IRF and Government.
The Project is well integrated into Governmental structures at Central and National Park level, while
maintaining its independence administratively. The Head of BBSNP expressed his satisfaction with
the arrangement whereby he issues working orders to the RPUs while all administrative matters are
handled by the Project Manager. Designing such a structure, getting such a balance accepted by all
stakeholders and maintaining it has been a remarkable achievement of the Project.
It has been understood that patrol and financial reports are sometimes slow to reach the Project
Manager in Bogor. Recently these delays have diminished although reporting on intelligence
gathering activities and court cases remains weak. The placement of a Financial and Administrative
Officer in Kota Agung within the BBSNP office appears to streamline cash flows and financial
reporting progressively. Reports which compile data do not flow back to the RPUs in the field. Sketchmaps of patrol routes followed are not compiled digitally. Collating patrol routes on a digital map and
the swift turn-around of compiled data will improve patrol planning and thus the effectiveness of the
RPUs further.
The position of the RPU Supervisor is not clear. He assists and in a way motivates RPUs and is
central in intelligence gathering. RPUs however do not report to him. A certain overlap and conflict
between the roles and tasks of the Supervisor and Programme Manager can be recognised. It is
11
suggested to clarify these roles soonest so that all parties understand and accept their duties and
responsibilities clearly. It is suggested to have the Programme Manager focus on liaison with the
central Government and PKBI report compilation (in which this Project is integrated). The Supervisor
should have direct responsibility over the RPUs stationed in BBSNP and Way Kambas NP and for
intelligence gathering in Lampung Province, collect patrol reports and provide intelligence gathering
reports to the Programme Manager for processing in Bogor. For this enhanced tasking it is advised to
allow the Supervisor select an assistant and to provide him with a lap-top computer (to store and
compile patrol reports and to set-up an intelligence database). This assistant should also gradually be
trained in the Supervisor’s tasks because it has been observed that his role is critical in the
functioning of the RPUs and intelligence gathering and if he would drop-out of the organisation it
would mean a serious set-back for the RPU operation.
4.2 Current Status per Output Indicators
The current status and our assessment of progress using the indicators at the purposes and outputs
levels is given in Annex 2. From all angles, it appears that the RPUs are delivering good results on
their core business, which is protection of large mammals in the park. We believe that the RPU
reports should also include information on elephants as there have been instances of poaching of
elephants for ivory within BBSNP in the recent past.
4.2.1
Output 1: Operation of 8 Rhino and Tiger Patrol Units, including Management and
Coordination
At the moment it appears that the important rhino and tiger areas are all well covered by the RPUs.
However, RPUs are also involved in operations other than the ones dealing with anti-poaching
operations. For instance, the RPUs also arrest illegal loggers and destroy the illegal logs that they
seize. Operations such as this or ones dealing with encroachers or NTFP collectors should be run by
the regular NP rangers not RPUs. This would enable RPUs to concentrate solely on large mammal
protection duties which would enable them to spend more days in the field for patrolling. Therefore
programmes to build capacity within the NP rangers to run such operations should be planned. In
addition, WWF survey teams found rhino presence in the northern portion of the Park lying in
Bengkulu province which has been subsequently confirmed by a RPU survey team. However, this
portion of the Park is not under regular patrol and so, if and when, additional resources are available,
this area needs to be surveyed and if a sizeable rhino population is found should be brought under
regular RPU patrols.
We also feel that indicator 1.4 is not achievable the way it is stated and therefore more resources and
help from other NGOs should be allocated to the RPU supervisor to enable him to identify and keep a
track of all known poachers from Lampung Province and beyond, rather than just around BBSNP. It
would be good to give a summary of poaching figures for large mammals in BBSNP in the previous
years in all the reports so a comparison can be made against current figures.
4.2.2
Output 2: Enhancement of the BBS Intelligence Fund
The additional funds that CEPF has made available for intelligence has enabled the RPU programme
to reach a certain critical threshold, thus ensuring that detailed under-cover operations can be run
and evidence built-up so poachers now get punishments which are of a deterrent nature to future
poaching attempts. It should be noted that this success is also due to matching funds from BBSNP
and the willingness of the Head of the NP to pursue these cases.
4.2.3
Output 3: Expansion of BBS Law Enforcement and Advocacy Programme
The expansion of the law enforcement and advocacy programme has meant that RPUs hard work in
investigating and arresting poachers, combined with the enthusiasm of the new Head of BBSNP, is
now translating into convictions and jail terms that are of a deterrent nature. The programme should
be congratulated for achieving verdicts in 13 cases as against a target figure of 6. However the
figures do not convey the real picture in addressing the root cause of these poaching incidents, i.e.
convictions of middle-men and the financiers or buyers of rhino, elephant and tiger products.
12
We feel that all the NGOs working in and around BBSNP and in Lampung Province should work
together with the enforcement agencies and the media to track down, collect evidence and help the
NP secure convictions of these larger players. Only by achieving the conviction of the larger players
can we eliminate the threat of poaching in BBSNP. We however feel tracking down middle-men,
financiers and buyers should not be the focus of the RPUs and that they should concentrate on
collecting intelligence and evidence in and around the NP and hand over this to the NP authorities,
supported by a group of NGOs who are interested in this activity, to help secure convictions.
Though there is a lot of collaboration between the various NGOs (WCS, WWF, WATALA, ALAS etc.)
on law enforcement issues, much of this has depended on the initiative of the RPU supervisor’s
personal contact with certain individuals within these NGOs. This has led to a situation where the
entire operation is dependent on one man from the RPU programme side. We suggest that the RPU
supervisor over the next few years transfers his skills to a trusted assistant so that at least the
programme reduces its’ dependence on this one critical person.
It is our assessment that there is also some replication of activities between some of the larger NGOs
(WCS and WWF) and their programmes with regard to law enforcement and media advocacy. We
suggest that the proposed CANOPI programme provide an umbrella for these various groups and
initiatives to act in a more coordinated manner to help achieve a larger impact with regard to law
enforcement and advocacy, the recent formed Wildlife Crime Unit of WCS is one example of a
collaborative effort to pursue improved law enforcement and enabling the justice and the court to put
more attention in the wildlife crime.
4.2.4 Output 4: Independent Programme Assessment
This is being carried out currently.
4.3 Current Status per Purpose Indicator
4.3.1 Purpose 1: No quantitative increase on poaching of rhino and tiger
The RPU programme seems to be the only direct action “in-situ” programme that is addressing shortterm threats within BBSNP and has delivered on its’ stated purpose so far. The RPU programme,
especially the Lampung supervisor, has built what appears to be an excellent informer’s network. So
using the data from the RPU patrols, information from intelligence gathering work by the RPUs and
cross verifying it with WWF’s multi-province intellingence network, it appears that the capacity to
detect 90% of cases of poaching of tiger, rhino and elephant, as and when it happens, exists.
Therefore reporting of zero poaching cases of tigers and rhinos in BBSNP since Jan. 2003 seems to
reflect an actual situation. However, we feel that elephants cases should also be reported with equal
importance in future reporting.
4.3.2 Purpose 2: Increased number of poachers convicted throughout the Project period
There has been a huge increase in the number of poachers convicted when compared to past years
when the RPUs have been operational. When looking for reasons for such a success, it appears that
it is largely due to the following two reasons;
• Increased allocation of money for gathering intelligence and evidence
• The initiative taken by the head of BBSNP in making sure that these cases were followed up
till verdict
However, the RPU programme management have taken a very narrow interpretation of the
geographic scope of this work and have not followed through with meticulous collection of evidence
with regard to poachers in and around Way Kambas NP. The assessment team feels that poachers
anywhere in Lampung or its’ neibhouring provinces are a threat to BBSNP large mammal populations
and therefore the RPU programme should use the BBS intelligence fund to help secure convictions of
large mammal poachers in Way Kambas NP.
4.4 Administrative and financial management of the project
4.4.1 Administrative management of the project
13
The project is well supported by the Ministry of Forestry. The shared vision between all parties to
save the Indonesian Rhino created a basis for the MoU between the Directorate General PHKA
(FPNC – Forest Protection and Nature Conservation), the International Rhino Foundation, the IUCNSSC Asian Rhino Specialist Group and Yayasan Mitra Rhino to collaborate in a programme for
Indonesian Rhino Conservation. This MoU includes a programme direction which was signed on the
14th of January 1998. The MoU has in principle been extended for another five years with the letter
from the Director General of PHKA dated 2nd October 2003, No. 948/DJ-IV/KKH/2003, concerning the
Perpanjangan MOU Pelaksanaan PKBI (IRCP) Indonesian Rhino Conservation Programme.
The MoU and the programme direction clearly mentioned the RPU as an important activity to respond
to the immediate need for rhino protection in Sumatra. The MoU is also equiped with clear operational
procedures to direct the RPU operation and coordination within the National Park Management Unit /
Authority. The MoU also makes provision for strong guidance from the central office of the DG PHKA
in which the Director of Biodiversity Conservation of the DG PHKA is the ex officio Rhino
Conservation Officer.
The operational procedure gives the Rhino Conservation Officer (RCO) direct access to the RPUs
through the head of National Park. The procedure also foresees in field reporting directly from the
National Park level to the RCO and then to the DG-PHKA.
4.4.2 Financial management of the project
The monthly cash flow from PKBI office in Bogor to the field coordinator of RPU in BBSNP arrives
regularly in two ‘blocks’ grants. A total of ~42 million IDR for salaries and ~30 million IDR for the RPU
running cost and operations. This payment is treated as a monthly cash advance from the PKBI office
in Bogor to the RPU field coordinator account in Bandar Lampung.
At the beginning of the month, the field coordinator withdraws all the money for the running cost and
divides the money into the following portions: petty cash for operation cost, car and motorbike running
costs, maintainance and other expenses. At the end of the month the field coordinator withdraws the
money from the BBSNP RPU account to pay the salary of the RPU members. The expenditure from
the running cost advance is posted and compiled into the ledger by the Administration Officer (this
position replaces the Base Camp Manager and came into effect two months ago). The Field
Coordinator will then submit the ledger and other reports to the Programme Manager in Bogor. The
Team noted that the financial reports from the Kota Agung location are often late to arrive in Bogor
and sometimes lacks detail which is a prerequisite for accountability.
The Team advices that cash advances are reconsiled by the administrator in Kota Agung within 15
days, and that the Programme Manager needs to ensure that financial administration, including
sufficient supporting documentation, is handled in incompliance with the operational procedures
agreed. In general, the Team found that the expenditure reporting and goods procurement have to be
improved, including the communication between Kota Agung and the PKBI office in Bogor.
Furthermore the PKBI office in Bogor needs to maintain an inventory of all field equipment which
needs to be updated quarterly.
The planned financial audit is expected to assess the present accounting system, the overall
accountability procedures put in place and general financial management and reporting and will
present its findings in a separate specialist report.
4.5
Composition and effectiveness of consultancy inputs, national project staff and National
Park staff
The RPU Programme in BBSNP has provided NP with protection from poaching and habitat
disturbance for the rhinos population in the important areas of BBSNP through the establishment and
operation of RPU and with its supporting management, coordination and supervisory structures.
There are nearly 40 people working for RPU in BBSNP, in the year of 2003 all of these RPUs are
supported by the CEPF through the IRF. The RPU consist of four people per unit, the RPU leader
came from Polisi Hutan (BBSNP Rangers), and the other members of RPU are recruited from the
local community. The composition of the existing staff in the RPU programme has proven to be very
14
effective, the composition between one Polisi Hutan and three community members also provides a
good balance and an effective team.
The Polisi Hutan who is in charge as the head of the RPU, provides the formality and legality for the
RPUs when they are in action and at the same time the three community members usually give
adequate support; especially in communicating with the villagers and intelligence gathering
operations.
Administratively the RPUs are managed by the IRCP or PKBI’s Programe Manager office in Bogor.
The Programme Manager is a senior government official from PHKA, fully seconded to PKBI – RPU.
The mision observed a weakness in communication between the Programme Manager and the RPU
supervisor in Lampung. The team feels that a new Programme Manager (the current Programme
Manager is vacating his post early 2004) has to pursue a more active involvement with the field RPU
programme through the supervisor and field coordinators; this would benefit the programme. The
Programme Manager also needs to work more closely with the field coordinators and the financial
administrators to make sure that technical and financial reporting is timely. This information and
reporting is very important to measure the RPU effectiveness, and to keep the donors informed.
Technically the RPUs are managed by the head of BBSNP under the guidance of the Indonesian
Rhino Conservation Officer. Since the BBSNP has a total of 67 Polisi Hutan, it is suggested that the
rest of the BBSNP Rangers (Polisi Hutan) should be trained and used in more and more park
protection and management duties. They should however remain under the direct and full control and
funding of BBSNP; it is not advisable to expand the RPUs as a special force funded through IRF
because if funding dries-up, non-Government RPU members will have to be laid off.
The team would like the RCO to take the lead in coordinating with head of BBSNP to engage the nonRPU – forest rangers into a regular system of patrols and also position them to make the Park
authority more visible to the public. It would be a good first step if the RCO can also work within DG
PHKA to leverage Government co-funding for the RPU programme. This in a sense would be a start
towards answering questions of sustainability of the RPU programme.
PKBI / RPU enjoyed the services of an in-house Technical Advisor who is contracted by the
International Rhino Foundation (IRF) and deputed to the programme. The Technical Advisor has
performed a significant and important role in raising funds and in keeping open the communication
with international donors. The advisor also has years of experience in Asian Rhino conservation
issues and envisioned and led the setting-up of the RPU programme. The team noted that the
Technical Advisor also works very closely with Programme Manager and RCO to prepare and finalise
the annual reports and other relevant technical materials. The Technical Advisor is also involved in
advising PHKA and helping maintain international interest in Indonesian rhino conservation. He also
acts as the information provider to DG of PHKA. We feel that the technical advisor should try and
meet with the members of the RPU teams, field coordinators and the Supervisor more often in order
to help prevent the communication gap that occurred between the field operations and the office in
Bogor mid-way through this Project.
The PKBI office in Bogor provide the financial and administrative support, there is one staff work as
the internal financial controller for RPU accounting supported by CEPF. At present the finance and
administration has been strengthen by the appoinment of the full time financial and administration
assistance base in Kota Agung.
The PKBI database is well structured and contains most of the data gathered by the RPUs. The
database shows the relevant records of enforcement action in the BBSNP dating back to the year
2000. The database should be important tool for the BBSNP authority for their enforcement planning
and management.
In 2003 this review has been the only international consultancy input to the BBS’ RPU program
funded by CEPF. In early 2004 a financial audit will be conducted by a registered auditor.
4.6
Coordination and management arrangements with BBS and other Governmental
Authorities
15
4.6.1 Linkages and Effectiveness
The objective of the PKBI (IRCP) is to contribute to the long-term viable conservation and
management of Indonesia rhinos and their habitats, through collaboration and coordination for
planning, funding, administration and implementation of Rhino Conservation Programme.
Beside working with the Government of Indonesia, the International Rhino Foundation also cooperate
with the AsRSG to provide stategic and technical advice for rhino conservation, liase and consult with
the SSC of IUCN and working with Yayasan Mitra Rhino for fund raising in Indonesia, also to provide
the secretariat and serve as administrative base and communication link among the interest paties,
YMR has been active to provide representative and national promotional support for RPU
programme.
PKBI should be able to provide access to all data obtained from RPU activities, especially to PIKA
(MoF Indonesian Nature Conservation Information Centre) in Bogor. In BBSNP the RPU data should
be stored in the BBSNP office and shared with WWF and WCS whom already have their own
database management system to support the longterm survival of Elephant, Rhino and Tiger in
BBSNP.
A total of 19 RPU operate In the year 2003, Kerinci Seblat NP (3 units), Bukit Barisan Selatan NP (8
Units), Way Kambas NP (5 units) and Ujung Kulon NP (3 Units). The 16 RPU that operate in the
southern part of Sumatra should have a strong present in the region to address the important of
threatened mammal-species conservation and their habitat. RPU operations currently rely on NGO
funding. It is recommended that a specific strategy is developed under a CEPF supported project with
IRF which explores possibilities to mobilise Governmental funds to support RPU-type operations.
4.7
Coordination with other NGOs operating in the BBS area
4.7.1 World Wide Fund for Nature – Indonesia
WWF-Indonesia has been working in BBSNP since 2000. Its’ work has mainly concentrated on
community empowerment and building awareness in villages outside the BBSNP. In addition, WWF
has also made funds available through an USFWS grant for building and renovating guard posts and
for field allowances for the rangers when they are posted to these guard posts. Also, the WWF
BBSNP project has been running a investigation of coffee grown in the encroached areas of the Park
and tracing their routes internationally.
There has been regular data sharing between WWF-Indonesia’s BBSNP Project Executant and the
RPU supervisor at the field level. That cooperation is now weaker since the WWF Project Executant
resigned from the project. However WWF has been a partner in RPU programme by co-funding the
Indonesian RPU programme since 1998.
Outside of BBSNP, WWF-Indonesia has been running a multi-province intelligence network to collect
data on trafficking in tiger, rhino and elephant parts. However, the relationship of this intelligence
gathering network to the RPU programme has been very informal and unclear, though some data
sharing occurs. It appears that a few activities carried out by the RPU supervisor and WCS’s WCU
are again replicated by WWF’s trade and intelligence network. The assessment team felt that a more
coordinated approach between WCS, WWF and the local NGOs like WATALA and ALAS would go a
long way in helping clarify roles and responsibilities when working on law enforcement and media
advocacy and help in being more effective.
The Team had a discussion with Iwan Kurniawan (acting WWF BBSNP team leader) concerning their
plan to work in the vicinity of the BBSNP with the community on the problem areas for Elephant,
Rhino and Tiger. In the near future a collaboration between WWF and RPU in stabilising the problem
area after the RPU operation is planned.
4.7.2 Wildlife Conservation Society
16
The WCS-Indonesia Program works under a MoU with the DG PHKA - Ministry of Forestry. WCS-IP
works throughout Indonesia focusing on conservation research, policy, and awareness. The goal of
the WCS-IP is to conserve Indonesia's wildlife populations and their habitats. The program aims to
maintain viable wildlife populations by using several approaches:
• Research: providing Indonesia with reliable and relevant data for conservation
• Training: providing Indonesia with knowledgeable, motivated conservationists
• Implementation: assisting local stakeholders including the Government and non-Government
groups of Indonesia to protect their natural heritage
• Education: disseminating the information gathered to the widest possible audience to develop
local and international support for conservation measures
In BBSNP WCS has been active since 1996, and many research results have been reported since. At
present WCS works with the BBSNP to implement more specific research on the flora and fauna in
parts of the BBSNP prime habitat. WCS has a research camp in Cangu and an office in Kota Agung.
WCS has around 30 staff work in the park, and around 8 people work in the Bandar Lampung office.
The strong present of WCS and their research focus has helped CEPF to extent their commitment to
conserve the BBSNP. Since 2002 CEPF has supported WCS to lead the CANOPI programme which
will build a local and regional partnership for longterm BBSNP management. The Team also
comments on the CANOPI in section 5.3.
4.7.3 National Non-Governmental Organisations
The RPU program enjoy the support from several civil society organisation, especially from the local
media (print and radio). A number of Nature Lovers Organisations (attached to Universities and
schools) have expressed their simpathy for the work of thye RPUs. Recently some of the local NGOs
(Watala, ALAS and AJI) and the Provincial KSDA, fostered by WCS, have formed a Wildlife Crimes
Unit (WCU), to address the need for better advocacy in the processes of law enforcemant.
Furthermore the WCU will regularly produce a newsletter and outreach materials, alongside with their
capacity to advocate and assist the legal process in court. In addition ALAS plays an important role in
advocating better management of BBSNP, especially in the Belimbing area.
Beside the organisations mentioned above, which work directly with law enforcement, there are many
other organisation that work in the community level such as the YASADANA, working on a credit
union in the community of Sukaradja and Pemerihan, and the LSPPM, working with local farmers for
organic farming. These organisations work at the grassroots level and can be an effective channel to
promote the megafauna protection of BBSNP. The most experienced NGO workimg in West
Lampung is Watala; with the support of the Ford Foundation they work very closely with the District
Government to improve regional development planning and to promote community forestry.
Organisations such as LK21, Wanakala, YMHI, Panthera Rafflesia and others are active and
concerned with the BBSNP issues, but some of them have only an indirect present inside the park.
The proposed CANOPI structure as the CEPF respons to protect the Sundaic lowland forest hotspot,
caused a new waive of attention to create new programmes and approaches to save the BBSNP.
The Team had a limited time and opportunity to talk with all the diverse stakeholders concerning the
future of the CANOPI, however we believe that the partnership in CANOPI should reflect the need to
create the immediate capacity of the BBSNP and at the same time can leverage support from the
District Government around the park.
The cohesive and collaborative spirit of the many organisation that work in the BBSNP should be
maintained by facilitating a regular informal meeting to share and fine tune the conservation effort in
BBSNP. In addition outreach and promotion activities to the general public in regional and national
level should continue.
17
5.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The Evaluation Mission concludes the following:
• Sumatran Rhinos remain critically endangered world wide. The Sumatran Rhino population of
BBSNP appears to be the second largest in the world while its conservation status, as for all
megafauna in the Park, remains under critical poaching pressure. Without the active support
of CEPF funded IRF-PKBI-RPUs, there would most likely be less rhinos in BBSNP than there
appear to be nowadays.
• The RPUs are effective and meet their objectives.
• The RPUs appear to be the only field-based activity which addresses short-term threats to
BBSNP.
• The RPUs appear to be the only field-based activity which is alligned to BBSNP’s proposed
conservation management strategy.
• In order to further improve effectiveness and consolidate biodiversity values in BBSNP, much
work is needed to address issues such as encroachment, illegal logging, non-timber forest
product collection, conservation education of the general public, addressing confusing
responsibilities between BBSNP, Districts and Provincial Government, etc etc. for which
WCS is currently developing a CANOPI framework program to be funded from CEPF
resources.
• RPUs should maintain its financial and organisational independence from the proposed
CANOPI programme to ensure continuity and smooth functioning, but should work in close
coordination with the CANOPI programme when it comes into operation, in order to achieve
an integrated strategy to address the BBSNPs threats.
• CEPF should favourably consider a proposal to be submitted soonest by IRF for continued
funding of RPU work until 2006 in the BBSNP Landscape.
Further detailed recommendations are provided in the three following sections.
5.1 On the Effectiveness of the RPUs
•
•
•
•
•
•
It has been verified that all Indicators set in the Project Document are being met, if not a
higher performance is being achieved. The RPUs effectiveness is therefore beyond doubt.
The Evaluation Team is convinced that without the active work of the IRF -PKBI-RPUs, less
rhinos would be remaining nowadays in BBSNP.
The number of patrol days Indicator is however not being met. This is due to investigation
work being conducted in the wider region which is not counted as patrol days. Also it is the
Evaluation Mission’s experience and opinion that a target of 15 patrol days per month is
ambitious. A more realistic target is being recommended.
It has been verified that the RPUs are well integrated within the BBSNP organisational
structure, with the Head of BBSNP being in charge of technical supervision and the PKBI
Programme Manager being in charge of administration.
The formula of one BBSNP ranger and three community members making-up one RPU has
been effective in maintaining a good balance of government officials and non-government
staff. This formula should be maintained and replicated in other planned RPU (or any
Protection Unit operation for that matter) operations.
It has been verified that the RPU activities are supported by NGOs involved in community
development activities with the note that not only marginalised violators should be
apprehended but also the middlemen and finaciers behind them.
The Evaluation Mission observed impressive progress in intelligence gathering and
prosecution of violators, including middlemen, in the courts. Informal cooperation with WCS’s
Wildlife Crime Unit and WWF has contributed to this good result. It is recommended that the
RPUs strengthen their intelligence efforts so that more violators can be apprehended and
prosecuted, especially middlemen. As soon as the BBSNP – RPU court cases are
documented and filed in the court, the WCS-WCU and WWF teams should take-over the
monitoring and progress throught the jurisdiciary process. This task should not be performed
by the RPUs because of lack of technical expertise and diversion of the RPU’s core business
(i.e. first-line protection of large mammals). For this purpose, WCS-WCU and WWF (or as a
part of CANOPI) are recommended to consider contracting a full-time lawyer specialised in
wildlife regulations.
18
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Evaluation Mission believes that a better skills-transfer can be reached between RPUs
and regular BBSNP rangers. Therefore it is recommended that a specific Output or Activity
will be created under a future continuation of a CEPF supported project with IRF which
provides for training to regular BBSNP rangers.
It has been observed that further equipment (vehicle, computer) and infrastructure (guard
posts, barriers on road) needs exists within the BBSNP structure which would enable the NP
to make visible its presence in the field and thus enhance the Park’s eroded status amongst
civil governments (Districts, Provinces). Therefore it is recommended that a specific activity
be created under a future continuation of a CEPF supported project with IRF which provides
for such equipment and infrastructure to BBSNP, seeking to leverage Governmental funds if
realistically possible and aiming at getting rangers back to manning guard posts.
It is also recommended that the RPUs are provided with new equipment (GPS, camera,
radio, compass, etc) as their current equipment is ageing and in some cases malfunctioning.
It has been observed that the line of command and the line of reporting within the RPU
structure, especially where it concerns the Programme Manager and the Supervisor, is not
entirely clear and shows some gaps. It is therefore recommended that the primary
responsibility, including reporting, for field operations lies with the Supervisor and the
Programme Manager concentrates on administrative and liaison (with central Government)
responsibilities. For that purpose the Supervisor needs an assistant and a computer (also to
store and retrieve data). Alternatively, the Supervisor position could be re-defined into a
technical consultancy input.
It is recommended that a plan be made and included in a proposal from IRF to CEPF to
further build capacity throughout the structure. Including adminsitrative skills for the
Supervisor, refresher courses in patrol and survey techniques for all RPU members,
exchange visits of RPUs with other RPU-type operations elsewhere in Indonesia and possibly
overseas (South Africa, India) exposure to law enforcement operations of a selected number
of RPU members, the Supervisor and selected BBSNP staff .
The Evaluation Mission observed the central and critical role of the Supervisor. He is able to
motivate all RPUs and is very effective in intelligence gathering. Apart from that the tasks for
this person are too many, and he being the critical person also makes the whole operation
vulnerable. Therefore it is recommended that the Supervisor be assigned an assistant to help
with adminstrative tasks. This assistant to the supervisor should also be taught on the job
how to manage and motivate RPUs and how to collect and use intelligence information. The
Supervisor should have the final say in the selection of such an assistant.
It has been observed that the reporting flow between field and Bogor (where data are
processed) is not always timely and that no reporting back to the field occurs. Therefore it is
recommended that more discipline is observed by the Supervisor to supply data to Bogor and
that Bogor provides monthly synthesis reports back to the field to aid subsequent operations.
It has been observed that the sketchmaps in patrol reports are not collated into one master
map. Thus it is hard to get an idea about actual effort and the spatial coverage of the RPUs
every month. This hampers effectiveness of RPU operations. Therefore it is recommended
that patrol maps are digitised in Kota Agum (e.g. WWF) for swift return to the RPUs to
enhance patrol planning and monitoring.
5.2 On Linkages with Governmental Institutions, especially Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
•
•
•
It has been verified that the IRF-PKBI-RPU project is well integrated within the central
Governmental structure with the Director of Biodiversity Conservation within the Directorate
General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation of the Ministry of Forestry (who is
designated Rhino Conservation Officer by the Government) acting as the project’s
supervisor.
It has been verified that the IRF-PKBI-RPU project is highly respected and actively supported
by the Ministry of Forestry.
The Evaluation Mission is concerned about the long-term sustainablity of RPU operations as
they rely on NGO funding. Therefore it is recommended that a specific strategy is being
developed under a future continuation of a CEPF supported project with IRF which explores
possibilities to mobilise Governmental funds to support RPU-type operations.
19
•
It has been verified that the RPUs are well integrated within the BBSNP organisational
structure, with the Head of BBSNP being in charge of technical supervision and the PKBI
Programme Manager being in charge of administration.
5.3 On Linkages with the Foreseen CANOPI Programme
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
It appears that the internal coordination of IRF-PKBI-RPU input into the development of the
CANOPI Programme has been sub-optimal and that IRF technical advisors have not been
engaged in this development sufficiently. It also seems that WCS has not engaged the IRF
technical advisors sufficiently and worked through the Supervisor without informing his
superiors.
It is observed that the draft logframe for CANOPI does not clearly define Outputs for each
area of speciality (advocacy, law enforcement, conservation education, biodiversity research,
community development, etc); several Activities re-occur under different Outputs.
It has been observed that after consultations by WCS, the draft CANOPI logframe has not
been shared with the key reciepient, i.e. BBSNP, and also not with all NGOs operating in the
BBSNP landscape (e.g. IRF).
It has been observed that the draft CANOPI logframe is poorly integrated with the priorities
set by the key recipient, i.e. BBSNP.
CEPF should assure that the projects and programmes it funds are better aligned with
Government strategies and priorities.
It has been observed that local NGOs are uncertain about their role and mandate, let alone
financial arrangements, within the proposed CANOPI framework which will be contracted to
WCS. A clearer definition of Outputs according to areas of specialisation, would benefit
creating a logical and effective implementation by the various specialised partners.
It has been observed that the draft CANOPI logframe includes RPUs as one activity amongst
six Outputs. Diluting RPU’s critical role in maintaining large mammal populations within
BBSNP in such a way, is likely to be at the expense of the RPUs effectiveness. In other
words, protection work (as carried-out by the RPUs) as it appears in the draft CANOPI
logframe will not receive the attention it requires.
It is recommended that the CANOPI logframe is re-drafted so that it addresses BBSNP
priorities better (a letter of recommendation from BBSNP should be included in the Project
Proposal).
It is recommended that the CANOPI Project Proposal clearly defines which parties in the
framework will be responsible for which Outputs against which financial means and this
should be binding for the duration of the CANOPI programme.
It is foreseen that a division of tasks between work to be done within the BBSNP and in its
bufferzones will improve clarity and thus effectiveness.
Therefore it is recommended that a separate contract is negotiated between CEPF and IRF
for the period 2004 – 2006 for RPU work within BBSNP and a separate contract between
CEPF and WCS for CANOPI work in the BBSNP bufferzone. A well-defined MoU between
IRF-PKBI and WCS-CANOPI which defines each other’s roles, responsibilities and exchange
of information (especially regarding Law Enforcement) has to be a prerequisite before any of
the two contracts can be signed.
20
ANNEX 1: DOCUMENTS CONSULTED
1. CANOPI Logframe version created June 10, 2003
2. CEPF Offline Application Form for this project (including logical framework and budget).
3. IUCN-SSC Asian Rhino Specialist Group [IUCN-SSC AsRSG] (1997): Asian Rhinos, status
survey and conservation action plan IUCN Gland Switzerland
4. Kinnaird, Margaret F., Eric W. Sanderson, Timothy G. O’Brien, Hariyo T. Wibisono and Gillian
Woolmer (2003): Deforestation Trends in a Tropical Landscape and Implications for Endangered
Large Mammals. In Conservation Biology Vol 17 No 1 pp 245 - 257
5. PKBI Annual Report 2001
6. Laporan PKBI tahun 1999 – 2003; dibuat untuk expose kegiatan PKBI 1999 – 2003 tanggal 27
Juni 2003, di Departemen Kehutanan Jakarta.
7. A MOU between DG FPNC, MoF Republic of Indonesia and IRF and ARSG and Yayasan Mitra
Rhino; concerning a collaborative programme of Indonesian Rhino Conservation. Incl.
Programme Direction. 14 Jan. 1998.
8. Letter from DG of PHKA date 2 October 2003, No. 948/DJ-IV/KKH/2003; concerning
Perpanjangan MOU Pelaksanaan PKBI (IRCP) Indonesian Rhino Conservation Programme)
Signed by DG – Koes Sapardjadi
9. Operation Procedures 2002 Indonesian Rhino Conservation Programme, Jan. 2002
10. Pedoman Operasional Program Konservasi Badak Indonesia, Bogor April 2002.
11. Quarter 1 – Report Anti Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers, and other Megafauna within Bukit
Barisan Selatan National Park and Ecosystem, Sumatera. (PKBI Technical and Financial Report
to CEPF January – March 2003)
12. Quarter 2 – Report Anti Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers, and other Megafauna within Bukit
Barisan Selatan National Park and Ecosystem, Sumatera. (PKBI Technical and Financial Report
to CEPF April – June 2003)
13. Proposal and Grant agreement between CI Foundation and The IRF 1 Jan. 2003 – 31 December
2003 : Anti Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers, and other Megafauna within Sumatra’s Bukit
Barisan Selatan National Park and Ecosystem.
14. Taman Nasional BBS Usulan Anggaran Kerja tahun 2002 – 2003
15. Questionair to RPU members in BBS on their leadership and management - 2003
16. Daftar hadir pertemuan dengan misi evaluasi RPU, Kamis, 20 Nov. 2003 di Kantor TNBBS
17. Contoh laporan dasar patroli RPU (4).
18. Contoh surat perintah tugas dari TNBBS kepada Koordinator Lapangan - RPU
19. Contoh usulan anggaran RPU, dari Koordinator Lapangan 10 April 2002
20. Draft usulan anggaran RPU 2002 – 2003 – Hasil rapat
21. Surat KORLAP RPU BBS kepada Dir. IRF 5 Juni 2002, re, permasalahan dan usulan
22. Hasil/ Keputusan Rapat Intern PKBI di kantor PKBI Bogor 23 Agustus 2002
21
23. Hasil rapat internal RPU BBS tgl 30 Juni 2003 di Kota Agung
24. Input from R. Lee – WCS for RPU (Internal letter)
25. Contoh surat perintah tugas dari Kepala TNBBS utk RPU
26. Matrix hasil pertemuan RPU TNBBS dan TNWK tgl 15 April 2003 di Plang Ijo W. K.
27. Contoh laporan keuangan RPU TNBBS kepada kantor PKBI Bogor
28. Daftar nama pekerja RPU TNBBS
29. Daftar hadir peserta pertemuan evaluasi RPU Nov. 19 2003 di kantor WCS Bandar Lampung
30. News Letter Satwa Liar edisi 1 Nov. 2003 - WCU
31. Surat dari Agus S. kepada Donatur PKBI tgl 22 Nov. 2003
32. Info umum – leaflet tentang PKBI (2 halaman)
33. Daftar inventaris RPU TNBBS kendaraan dan alat
34. Usulan anggota RPU PKBI TNBBS kepada CEPF Nov. 2003
35. Kasus kasus Tindak Pidana di bidang kehutanan yg ditangani TNBBS Jan. – Juli 2003
36. Kasus kasus Tindak Pidana di bidang kehutanan yg ditangani TNBBS Jan. – Sep.2003
37. Laporan triwulan 1 Januari – Maret
38. laporan triwulan April – Juni
39. Laporan triwulan Juli – September
40. Laporan kegiatan RPU TNBBS dan TNWK 2003, sbg bahan presentasi di kantor WCS lampung
41. Graphik kasus kasus perburuan info dari TNBBS, ditangani oleh RPU, UPT dan proses
kepolisian
42. Catatan informal meeting 14 Nov. 2003 tentang WCU
43. Surat dari Supervisor kepada Manajer Program PKBI, ttg kunjungan reviewer CEPF
44. Daftar inventaris Balai TNBBS per 31 Dec. 2002
45. IRCP note on the Cons. Biol article – vol. 17, No. 1 Feb. 2003
46. WWF Indo Pprop: Securing Landscape and habitat for long- term survival of the Sumatran Rhino,
Tigers and elephant in BBSNP
47. Usulan kepada konsultan CEPF dari anggota RPU
48. Daftar gaji tahun 2003 utk anggota RPU
22
ANNEX 2:
ASSESSMENT PER INDICATOR
Project Title:
Anti-Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers, and Other
Year 1 | Quarter 1,2 &3
Purpose
Purpose:
Indicator 1.
No quantitative
increase in
poaching of rhino
and tiger.
Indicator 2.
Increased
number of
poachers
convicted
throughout the
project period.
Outputs
Output 1:
Indicator 1.1
Eight (8) antipoaching teams
continuously
deployed in BBS
ASSESSMENT
SOURCE
COMMENTS
NOVEMBER
2003
Reduction of poaching of megafauna, in particular rhino and
tiger, and improvement of law enforcement for rhino and
tiger conservation.
RPUs and Q1
This is a good achievement and
No poached
shows that the RPUs are covering
rhinos or tigers & Q2 reports
all the important rhino and tiger
detected in the
areas. Also, the intelligence
Park from in
gathering seems to have
Q1, Q2 and
improved considerably and that
Q3.
the RPU supervisor seems to have
the means to detect poaching of
large mammals if and when they
occur.
13 verdicts
Q1 & Q2
The project has exceeded
reached out of
reports and
expectations on this front by
the 17 cases
discussions
increasing the number of
that RPUs
with RPUs
convictions manifold as compared
investigated
to previous years and also
and helped the
securing the toughest sentence
NP file
awarded for an wildlife offence in
charges. In a
Indonesia
case relating to
poaching of an
elephant, a
sentence of 4
years and 3
months
awarded to
one of the
poachers.
ASSESSMENT
SOURCE
COMMENTS
NOVEMBER
2003
Operation of 8 Rhino and Tiger Patrol Units, including
Management and Coordination.
In operation
Q1 & Q2
and functioning reports as well
well
as checking in
the field.
23
Indicator 1.2.
At least 15 days
per month on
patrol in the field
for each antipoaching team.
The teams
have achieved
10 and 11 days
in the last two
Quarters
respectively.
Q1 & Q2
reports and
discussions
with RPUs
Indicator 1.3.
Zero (0) traps
permitted to be
placed or to
remain long
enough to entrap
rhinos or tigers in
areas covered by
the anti-poaching
teams. 100% of
any traps
detected will be
destroyed.
Indicator 1.4.
All poachers
whose traps are
located will be
identified and
reported to the
local authorities
for apprehension
and prosecution.
No evidence of
rhino or tiger
poaching as a
result of nondetection of
traps by the
RPUs during
the project
period.
Q1 & Q2
reports and
discussions
with RPUs and
other NGO
networks
working in
that area
The RPU
supervisor
seems to have
a very good
idea of all the
poachers
operating and
in and around
BBSNP and
their
movements
Discussions
with RPU
supervisor, NP
authorities and
NGOs
The reports do not indicate the
relationship of traps found in the
field and the people responsible
for them. This is too ambitious
and we believe that the approach
of the RPU supervisor in
developing his intelligence
gathering capacity in close
collaboration with WCU and other
NGOs is the right one
Indicator 1.5.
Zero (0) cases of
poached rhinos
and 75%
reduction in
cases of poached
tigers in areas
covered by the
anti-poaching
teams.
No poaching
cases reported
since the
initiation of
this project
Q1 & Q2
reports and
discussions
with RPUs and
other NGO
networks
working in
that area
It would be good if the future
reports indicate the level of
poaching of rhinos, tigers and
elephants before CEPF support for
this work was initiated.
The days given in the report
actually reflect the time spent
patrolling in the field. However,
the RPU members are involved in
law enforcement activities like
raids to capture suspects,
evidence collection and
intelligence gathering which are
not included in the number of
days. We feel given the resources
and challenges those 15 days
may be too ambitious a target
and it would be better to set a
more realistic target of around
10-12 days a month for
patrolling.
24
Outputs
Output 2:
Indicator 2.1.
Information will
be collected
from, by paying
incentives and
rewards to, local
residents around
BBS leading to
prevention of
poaching and/or
apprehension of
poachers. The
goal is first 100%
identification of
any poachers
who may have
been operating in
BBS and
eventually 100%
prevention of
poachers by
identifying
persons
preparing to
conduct illegal
operations in BBS
before they can
even enter the
Park
ASSESSMENT
SOURCE
COMMENTS
NOVEMBER
2003
Enhancement of the BBS Intelligence Fund
Additional
RPU technical
The new head of BBSNP has been
funds for this
advisor,
catalytic in helping increase the
activity have
supervisor,
rate of convictions by showing
helped achieve staff and head vigor in pursuing the cases
an increased
of BBSNP
brought to him by the RPUs and
rate of
his role should not be understated
convictions for
in the impact RPUs are having in
poaching and
protecting the large mammal
other illegal
populations.
activities
within the
park.
25
Outputs
Output 3:
Indicator 3.1.
Six (6) poaching
cases
successfully
completed with
appropriate
convictions.
Lawyers will be
employed and
paid to prosecute
the cases.
Moreover, service
costs and fees
will be provided
to the judiciary to
ensure
completion of
prosecution of
the cases,
hopefully
resulting in
convictions.
Indicator 3.2.
Adequate and
supportive
coverage of
poaching cases in
local and national
media by
providing
journalists with
incentives and
services to visit
the locations of
poacher activity
and record and
report the events
once the case is
in the courts.
Additionally,
assistance will be
provided through
press releases
and information
packages
produced by the
anti-poaching
team program
IRCP/PKBI staff.
ASSESSMENT
SOURCE
COMMENTS
NOVEMBER
2003
Expansion of BBS Law Enforcement and Advocacy Program.
The
programme
has exceeded
all
expectations
on this front by
securing more
than twice the
number of
verdicts than
targeted for.
No. of cases
filed = 19
No. of cases
processed =
13
News (printed
media), RPU
reports and
supervisor
Making additional funds available
under CEPF funds for this activity
has helped the effectiveness of
RPU increase manifold. However,
the people convicted so far are
the poachers in the field. Few, if
any, of the middle men and the
big bosses have been convicted.
This should be the focus of the NP
authorities, enforcement agencies
and the NGOs working in and
around in Lampung province in
close collaboration with the RPU
programme and should be
addressed under CANOPI.
From all
reports and
discussions
that the
assessment
team had
during the
mission
suggests that
there has been
an increase in
media
reporting of
wildlife
offences and
the record
convictions
secured
recently.
Q2 report with
overview of
press
coverage.
Meetings with
RPU
administration,
Supervisor,
NGOs in
Lampung
province.
News clipping
from regional
and national
news paper
and some
record of
electronic
media
coverage
(Radio and TV)
WCS's WCU programme seems to
have helped in establishing this
link through a representative in
the group from a grouping of
independent journalists. Other
NGOs also have helped with
increasing the awareness among
the common public and judiciary.
26
Outputs
Output 4:
Indicator 4.1.
Independent
assessment
report of
effectiveness of
current program
and
recommendations
for improvement
and continuation.
Since this
assessment is to
be independent,
IRF will confer
with CEPF on
selection of
appropriate
persons and use
of acceptable
methods.
ASSESSMENT
SOURCE
NOVEMBER
2003
Independent Program Assessment
Currently being
carried out
COMMENTS
27
ANNEX 3: TERMS OF REFERENCE
Title:
Project:
Independent Program Assessment for Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund ("CEPF")
Anti-Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers and Other Megafauna within Sumatra’s Bukit
Barisan Selatan National Park and Ecosystem.
Context: This consultancy is needed to assess and report on the effectiveness of the current
program and to provide recommendations for improvement and continuation.
Profile: The Consultant Team will combine expertise on:
• Sumatran Rhino Biology.
• Rhino Monitoring and Area Survey.
• Conservation of Megafauna in SE Asia.
• Conservation Management in SE Asia.
• Law Enforcement in the Context of Poaching and Encroachment.
• Training and Evaluation of Field Staff.
• International Conservation Programs.
• Advocacy and Public Awareness.
Qualifications: The Consultant Team Members will be:
• Internationally Recognized Senior Specialist with significant relevant experience in SE Asia.
• Persons not employed or affiliated with the Funding Sources, The Grantee or the Program.
• Persons able to communicate and report in English and Indonesian (the Team Leader).
Team The Consultants Team endorsed by CEPF will consist of:
• Mr. Sukianto Lusli MSc, Executive Director, BirdLife Indonesia (Teamleader)
• Mr. Gerrit Polet MSc, Chief Technical Advisor; WWF - Cat Tien National Park Conservation
Project Vietnam
• Mr. A. Christy Williams PhD, Programme Manager, Asian Rhino and Elephant Action
Strategy (AREAS)
The team members will be contracted by Grantee in accordance with the specifications and the
budget of Project Output4: Independent Program Assessment.
Duties: The Consultant Team will:
• Consult with the PKBI Program Management and the Government Program Supervisors (DG
PHKA, RCO).
• Consult with CEPF Program Supervisors.
• Consult with the representatives of the Programs’ previous and current sponsors and donors.
• Consult with the Head and Staff of Bukit Barisan Selatan NP.
• Consult with the PKBI Lampung Supervisor and BBS Field Coordinator.
• Consult with the relevant national and International NGOs active in BBS.
• Consult with the RPU team leaders and members.
• Accompany an RPU on a regular patrol.
Result: A report in English, with a summary in Indonesian, will be submitted before leaving Indonesia
that includes the following components:
• An assessment of the effectiveness of the Program, including the organization and
management structure.
• An assessment of the future needs for the program to attain its ultimate goal of a safe and
expanding Rhino population in BBS.
• Recommendation for modifications and expansions of the operations and procedures.
• Recommendations for future funding from CEPF and other donors.
• An itinerary and brief summary of the work done
• A list of the agencies and persons consulted.
28
ANNEX 4: PROGRAMME OF THE MISSION
DATE
Friday November 14
Saturday November 15
Sunday November 16
Monday November 17
TIME
20:00
09:00
whole day
morning
14:00
14:00 – 18:00
09:00 – 12:00
12:00 – 14:00
Tuesday November 18
14:00 – 17:30
08:30 – 9:30
9:30 – 15:00
15:30 – 16:30
Wednesday November 19
05:00
9:00 – 15:00
19:00 – 22:00
Thursday November 20
07:30
10:00 – 13:00
14:00 – 14:30
15:00 – 17:00
17:00 – 17:30
19:00 – 21:00
07:00 – 18:00
07:00 – 18:00
Friday November 21
Saturday November 22
Sunday November 23
Monday November 24
Tuesday November 25
Wednesday November 26
Thursday November 27
Monday December 1
19:00 – 20:30
08:00 – 10:00
10:00 – 14:00
14:00 – 19:00
08:00 – 20:00
06:00
whole day
whole day
whole day
09:00 – 10:00
11:00 – 15:00
10:00 – 12:00
14:00 – 16:00
WHAT
arrival of Gert Polet
arrival of Christy Williams
Reading documents
reading documents
arrival of Sukianto Lusli
pre-mission meeting with Nico van Strien
meeting with Ministry of Forestry – Department of
Conservation; Mr. Kurnia Rauf
meeting with PKBI Programme Manager; Mr. A.A.
Hutabarat
mission discussions
travel to Bogor
meeting with CEPF, WCS, WWF, STCP
visit PKBI office in Bogor; meeting with Data Base
Operator
travel to Bandar Lampung
visit Way Kambas RPU and SRS
meeting with WCS, Watala, Alas, WWF, WCSWCU, and KSDA Lampung.... teams in Bandar
Lampung
travel to Kota Agung
meeting with Head of BBSNP and staff
meeting with WWF team in Kota Agung
meeting with Head of BBSNP
meeting with WCS team in Kota Agung
evaluation team discussions
joint RPU patrol in BBSNP (Williams & Polet)
further discussions with RPU administrative
officer, BBSNP, WWF and WCS (Sukianto)
evaluation team discussions
further discussions with RPUs in Kota Agung
travel to Bandar Lampung
individual team members writing-up
individual team members writing-up
travel Bandar Lampung – Jakarta
team discussion and writing-up
writing-up
writing-up and compilation of report
compilation of report
De-briefing meeting with IRF, PKBI, CEPF
Meeting with Mr. Dadan (Database manager) and
Ms. Ninda and Santi (Finance & Administration) in
Bogor office
Finalized Draft Report
29
ANNEX 5: PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS CONSULTED
PLACE
JAKARTA
PERSON
Nico van Strien
ORGANISATION
International Rhino
Foundation
Ministry of Forestry –
Directorate of
Biodiversity
Conservation
Program Konservasi
Badak Indonesia
DATE
November 16
Yayasan W W F
Indonesia
Wildlife Conservation
Society Indonesia
Program
Sumatran Tiger
Conservation
Programme
Critical Ecosystem
Partnership Fund
Program Konservasi
Badak Indonesia
Program Konservasi
Badak Indonesia
November 18
Moch Saleh
WCS –IP
November 19
Purwanto
Dwi Nugroho
Wawan Eryanto
Firman S.
Joko S.
Verry I. S.
WCS –IP
WCS –IP ; WCU
BKSDA ; WCU
AJI Lampung
Watala
ALAS
November 19
November 19
November 19
November 19
November 19
November 19
Tamen Sitorus
National Park
National Park
National Park
WCS
PKBI
Yay. WWF
Yay. WWF
Field Coordinator
Supervisor
November 20
Kurnia Rauf
A.A. Hutabarat
BOGOR
Chairul Saleh
Robert J. Lee
Neil Franklin
Purbasari Surjadi
Dadan Subrata
Santi & Ninda
BANDAR
LAMPUNG
BUKIT BARISAN
SELATAN NP in
KOTA AGUNG
Muniful Hamid
Subakir
KOTA AGUNG
Maya, Tiung
All RPU members
Iwan Kurniawan
Elisabeth Purastuti
Rudy Akbarta
Arief Rubianto
November 17
November 17
November 18
November 18
November 18
December 3
December 3
November 20
November 20
November 20
November 20, 21 and 22
November 20, 21
November 20, 21
November 20, 21, 22 & 23
30
Project Summary Information
Project title:
Heritage
UNF/UNFIP Project code:
SCO-INS-04-319
UNF/UNFIP Programme
Framework:
Biodiversity and Sustainable Development
Project purpose:
Testing networking and partnerships to development approaches
to build and strengthen collaboration among Government, civil
society and private sector for the conservation of the rainforest
heritage of Sumatra, Indonesia
Duration:
2.5 years (30 months)
Starting date:
1 October 2004
Location:
Sumatra, Indonesia
Name of UN organization:
United Nations Educational, Science, and Cultural Organization
World Heritage Centre and UNESCO Office, Jakarta, Indonesia
Non-UN Executing partners:
Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS);
Directorate of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation
(PHKA) of the Ministry of Forestry, Government of Indonesia;
Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund (CEPF)
Cost of project:
US$ 2.15 million
United Nations Foundation (UNF): US$ 1.8 million ($900,000
matched by $900,000 from CEPF);
Parallel Funding: $350,000 (to be raised from other donors)
SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
Illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, hunting and wildlife trade, and forest fires are some of
the greatest threats that will likely raze the remaining Sumatran forests unless immediate and
comprehensive strategy for collaborative action are taken by the Government of Indonesia, NGOs
and the private sector. This project aims to minimize the impacts of these threats through
investments into partnership building for conservation action in the cluster of the three protected
areas along the Bukit Barisan Range of Sumatra; namely the Gunung Leuser (GL), Kerinci
Sebelat (KS) and the Bukit Barisan (BB) National Parks (NP), currently under consideration for
the World Heritage List as a Criteria iv Cluster nomination.
The project proposes to provide a comprehensive management system by integrating training and
NGO development into research, park management, and regional planning. In order to achieve
this mission, the Conservation Action and Network Program, Indonesia (CANOPI) – a program
of strategic alliance and collaborative conservation – employs four primary strategies and a set of
actions for each strategy, which are: 1) gather and promote knowledge on priority species,
ecosystems, and issues and building conservation constituencies and training the next generation
of conservation professionals and leaders; 2) strengthen the management of BBSL through
strategic alliance building including collaborative management and partnership; 3) develop
investment strategies for BBSL and linking park planning and management to regional
government planning and policy; and 4) increase awareness of local constituents on the value and
activities of the park and its management.
The project will establish the basis for integrated bioregional planning, along with providing the
basic conditions for developing a co-operative relationship between the three parks in the cluster
nominated for World Heritage as the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (TRHS). Various
sectors of society will be invited to contribute to the effort: academic and NGO sectors will help
meet management demands on research, education, training, communications and advocacy, the
private sector will participate in investing in ecological friendly agricultural practices and selected
buffer zone development activities, and public sector agencies themselves will improve law
enforcement and co-ordinate policies and activities amongst a wide range of resource use
Upon project completion, conservation efforts in this cluster site will be well
sectors1.
coordinated and opportunities for cooperation will be regularly identified and used.
Signed on behalf of:
Signature
Date
Name/Title
UNESCO
Birgitte Moller
Director, Bureau for
Relations with Extra
budgetary Funding Sources
John G. Robinson
Senior Vice-President and
of the
Director
International Conservation
Programs
UNFIP
1
Amir Dossal
Executive Director
A buffer zone is typically an area bordering protected areas designed to safeguard the protected areas
from outside threats such as economic development. Ideally, there are a mosaic or expanses of natural
habitats in order shield protected areas and accommodate needs of wildlife populations.
Contacts:
Claire Varrelmann
Weber Shandwick
972-830-2896
cvarrelmann@webershandwick.com
Jason Anderson
202-912-1464
j.anderson@conservation.org
SAVE THE TIGER FUND ANNOUNCES ALLIANCE WITH
CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM PARTNERSHIP FUND
New Agreement will Extend Reach of Tiger Conservation Efforts
WASHINGTON, D.C. (Feb. 19, 2004) – Save The Tiger Fund (STF) and the Critical Ecosystem
Partnership Fund (CEPF) have joined forces to link tiger conservation programs across Asia, a
major step in unifying the efforts of many conservation organizations. Unified action is critical
in addressing today’s threats to tigers, which include highly organized regional networks that are
smuggling tiger parts and are often linked to trafficking in narcotics and weapons.
“Although terrorist threats, the economy and diseases have knocked the tiger off front page
news, its status in the wild remains in need of urgent action,” said John Seidensticker, STF
Council chairman and senior scientist at the Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park in
Washington, D.C. “Scaling up efforts together is essential to ensure that we do not lose ground
against the remarkable progress made so far and, just as important, that these negative forces do
not impede further success.”
Despite predictions of doom for this majestic cat, wild tigers continue to survive in a patchwork
of areas across Asia, from the tropical rain forests of Sumatra and Indochina to the temperate oak
forest of the Amur River Valley in the Russian Far East.
“Save The Tiger Fund has a proud 10-year history focused on the conservation of wild tigers
through solid science, improved habitat protection, enhanced capability of local leadership and
community engagement - all of which will now grow and deepen by the addition of this new
partnership with CEPF," said John Berry, executive director of the National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation, which established STF in partnership with ExxonMobil Foundation in 1995.
-more-
STF Announces Alliance with CEPF
2
Since its founding, STF has supported 226 tiger-conservation projects in 13 countries. Now STF
and CEPF – two major grant makers – will forge united tiger conservation strategies, catalyzing
partner organizations and community groups to combine efforts to benefit tigers and people
alike. Partnerships are the hallmark of both funds, with a focus on uniting efforts at all levels to
achieve greater impact.
“Collaboration among donors and those in the front line is essential for larger, landscape-level
programs,” said Jorgen Thomsen, CEPF executive director and senior vice president of
Conservation International. “Save The Tiger Fund’s unique way of investing in conservation
leaders and allied efforts has made a tangible difference for tigers. Bringing our efforts together
will make greater outcomes possible to save tigers and many other species.”
Tigers live on land that provides some of the most fertile and abundant natural resources for
humans and wildlife alike. Often referred to as an umbrella species, tigers range over large
landscapes that support a complex web of life; to save the tiger is to save all that lives in an
entire landscape.
As part of the new alliance, CEPF has pledged $3 million over three years to at least double the
size of STF’s grant distribution in Asia’s biodiversity hotspots, the biologically richest yet most
endangered areas. ExxonMobil Foundation has also committed an additional $3 million.
“Important strides have been made in tiger conservation in recent years,” said Ed Ahnert,
president of ExxonMobil Foundation. “However, the tiger’s status remains tenuous, despite
growing cooperation among those working for its survival. This partnership and major new
funding commitment represent an opportunity to truly mobilize the global tiger-conservation
community and establish a sustainable future for wild tigers.”
About the Organizations
The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (www.cepf.net) is a joint initiative of Conservation
International, the Global Environment Facility, the government of Japan, the John D. and
Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. Formed in 2000, CEPF is now
-more-
STF Announces Alliance with CEPF
3
supporting more than 110 nongovernmental organizations, community groups and others who
work to conserve threatened ecosystems. Conservation International administers CEPF.
The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (www.nfwf.org) is a private, non-profit, 501(c)(3)
tax-exempt organization established by Congress in 1984 and dedicated to the conservation of
fish, wildlife and plants and the habitat on which they depend. The Foundation creates
partnerships between the public and private sectors and strategically invests in conservation and
sustainable use of natural resources.
ExxonMobil Foundation began funding tiger conservation in 1992 and has invested more than
$11 million to date in tiger range countries, representing one of the largest corporate
commitments ever made to saving a species. ExxonMobil's funding enables STF to support
projects that advance conservation science and conservation leadership, and improve the welfare
of local people who share the land with wild tigers.
For more information about Save The Tiger Fund and tigers, please visit www.5tigers.org or see
the electronic press kit at http://www.5tigers.org/stf_cepfpresskit.htm.
###
6 August 2004, 20:56:21
WWF Welcomes Indonesian Government's Declaration of
Tesso Nilo National Park Major Step to Save Indonesia's Last
Sumatran Tigers and Elephants
Press Release - For immediate release – 5 August 2004
Jakarta, Indonesia -- WWF, the conservation organisation, welcomes the
Government of Indonesia's recent declaration of Tesso Nilo National Park, covering
38,576 hectares in Riau Province, Sumatra. Although the new park covers a fourth
of the 155,000 hectares proposed by the local government, it is a big first step
towards securing the future of Sumatran tigers and elephants in Indonesia.
“This is a giant step towards our vision of a greater Tesso Nilo National Park, that
will make it possible to secure the protection of the magnificent Sumatran tiger and
elephant," said Dr Mubariq Ahmad, WWF Indonesia's Chief Executive.
Tesso Nilo is one of the last havens of Sumatran tigers and elephants. It is home to
three per cent of the world’s mammal species. With over 4,000 plant species
recorded so far, the forest of Tesso Nilo has one of the highest levels of lowland
forest plant biodiversity known to science. It is also one of the largest remaining
lowland forest blocks on the island of Sumatra.
"By establishing the Tesso Nilo National Park, Indonesia's Ministry of Forestry is
giving a positive signal towards the protection of these last lowland forest
frontiers," added Mubariq. The park's establishment is also significant in that the
World Bank has forecasted Sumatra's last lowland forests could disappear by 2005.
Only 50 years ago, nearly the entire island was covered with forest. WWF Indonesia
therefore looks forward to further commitments on enlarging the Tesso Nilo
National Park as soon as possible.
The initial proposal called for the establishment of 155,000 hectares as a national
park in Tesso Nilo. However, much of this area are still held as active logging
concessions by three companies. A fourth of this area - 38,576 hectares - which
forms the newly declared National Park, is a former logging concession of Inhutani
IV, a government-owned company. The company had returned its logging
concession licence to the Government. WWF hopes that the other three companies
will follow Inhutani IV in returning their logging concessions to the Government in
the near future. This would then open the way for the Government to expand the
park to cover the initial proposed area of 155,000 hectares.
With the establishment of the park, the challenge now is to secure its protection.
Tesso Nilo is highly threatened by illegal logging, carried out to supply an illegal
saw mill and a legal pulp and paper mill operating in Riau. WWF calls on these
industries to stop sourcing timber from Tesso Nilo. The conservation organisation
also urges the local governments and the Ministry of Forestry to ensure firm and
effective law enforcement to stop illegal logging in the new park and the greater
Tesso Nilo proposed boundaries.
WWF has been helping to secure the protection of Tesso Nilo, and remains
committed to working with the national and local governments to manage the new
park. Work is currently in progress to establish a Joint Management Board which
will ensure collaborative management of the new park. The Board will involve all
stakeholders, including the government’s Regional Conservation Office, District and
Provincial government officials, the private sector, representatives of the local
communities adjacent to the park and WWF.
In addition, WWF has facilitated and supported the establishment of the Tesso Nilo
Community Forum, which is run by all 23 local communities living in the buffer
zone of the greater proposed National Park. These communities work together to
protect the Tesso Nilo forest and have a unified voice on the Joint Management
Board. The Forum also works to secure alternative sustainable income from nontimber forest products, for example, by jointly producing wild honey.
For further information:
Nazir Foead, Director of Species Programme, WWF Indonesia, tel: +62-811-977604, email: nfoead@wwf.or.id
Bambang Hartono, Tesso Nilo Project Leader, WWF Indonesia, tel: +62-761-32901,
email: bhartono@wwf.or.id
This press release and associated material can be found on
http://www.wwf.or.id/tessonilo/www.wwf.or.id
Versi Cetak | Beri Komentar | Lihat Komentar | Kirim ke Teman
Hak cipta WWF Indonesia. Diperkenankan mengutip isi situs ini dengan menyebutkan sumbernya.
Untuk mengutip isi situs ini hubungi webmaster WWF Indonesia.
Tiger Conservation
October 2004
Participants to Workshop in Riau Make a Commitment to Curb Illegal Logging,
Wildlife Poaching and Forest Fires
th
th
On October 6 and 7 , 2004, WWF facilitated a
meeting hosted by the Riau Forestry Department to
discuss appropriate action to mitigate illegal
logging, wildlife poaching and forest fire.
65 participants including high ranking military,
police, ministry of Forestry and other government
officials, and law enforcers of the four Tesso NiloBukit Tigapuluh Landscape Districts, NGOs and
media attended the meeting. The Head of KSDA
from the Forestry Department called for active
participation from all in the effort to stop tiger
poaching and support for tiger conservation.
Otherwise, due to alarming levels of tiger poaching,
encouraged by the trade of their parts he feared our
future generations would not be able to see the tiger
in the wild.
In the meeting the Riau Forestry Department
presented a number of illegal logging cases and
obstacles faced in mitigation efforts, BKSDA
presented their mitigation strategies for Tiger
Poaching, the Riau Environment Impact Control
Service gave a presentation of Forest Fires, WWFIndonesia presented the Manual For Combating
Illegal Logging developed in collaboration with
ITTO. Discussions were aimed at achieving a
consensus to support efforts to combat illegal
logging, wildlife poaching, and forest fires.
The meeting resulted in a declaration of commitment to curb illegal logging, wildlife
poaching and forest fires, signed by 28 participants to be sent to their superior for follow
up. (open for public)
(For further information, contact Nur Anam: aragati@yahoo.com )
Community
Handling Unemployment By Developing Sialang Honey Business In Tesso Nilo
Sialang Lestari Honey Business Group board
Photo: Alhamra/doc WWF
WWF has provided assistance in
developing a wild honey business in
Logas Tanah Darat sub district, Kuantan
Singingi district since 2003. This wild
honey is unique in the sense that the bees
naturaly build their hives in the giant
indigenous Sialang trees. Work focused
on raising awareness concerning the
economic and conservation value of the
sialang honey,
the formation and
strenghtening of a business group
“Sialang Lestari” in September 2003,
provision of honey
productions
equipment, marketing assistance, and
protection of the habitat of sialang trees.
Judging the potential development of this business that can contribute for sustainable
natural resources utilization and promote the community life level by reducing number of
unemployment therefore additional resources to speed up this business is needed. Riau
provincial Man Power Service pays interest in WWF work on social economy development
conducted in villages surrounding Tesso Nilo. As one of the program of local government
is reducing unemployment level in the province of Riau, the government through Man
Power Service asks for collaboration with WWF in the development of this honey bee
business.
The collaboration is in terms of sharing fund and program which will be managed and
supervised by both WWF and Riau province Man Power Service. This service then has
committed to give financial support for this business development for 2004 and 2005. For
2004 the service allocates Rp 199,780,000 for the development of this business taken from
Unemployement Handling Movement National Action while for 2005 this service allocates
Rp. 299,670,000 for this business development from Riau Regional Reveneue and
Expenditure Budget.
Another success that has also gained from WWF Social Economy Development program is
the establishment of village regulation on protection of sialang tree habitat in Rambahan
village, Kuantan Singingi district in August 2004. WWF helps facilitate the community and
village institutions to develop the regulation that rules about protection, utilization of
sialang tree habitat as well as sanctions over the distruction of the habitat. ( open for
public )
For further information contact Syafrizal: Acong_minas@yahoo.com
Community
Tesso Nilo Community Forum Occupy a New Secretariat
Since established on January 2004, the Tesso Nilo Community Forum has been temporarily
stationed in the WWF office in Pekanbaru. Recently, in September 2004 the forum has
moved to its own official premises in Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelalawan
Pangkalan Kerinci is much closer to Tesso Nilo National Park, and more accessible
especially by the communities in the directly adjacent villages to Tesso Nilo. Furthermore
almost 90 % of the national park is located within Pelalawan district.
It is hoped that this closeness will help the forum to communicate its programs and mission
as mandated by its members to the local community, government and other stakeholders.
This way the forum will be able to assist communities in problem solving directly and
locally.( Open for public )
For further information contact Samsuardi: sam_gajah@yahoo.com)
Park Management
Land Use Planning of Five Districts in TNBT Landscape in Question
The Tesso Nilo-Bukit Tigapuluh (TNBT) landscape, popullated by one million people, is
riddled by conflicting interests. If not addressed, this situation could threaten the
ecosystem’s integrity and undermine development invested in the area. One example of this
conflict is reflected in legal forest conversion that does not take into account the ecological
value of the converted forest, illegal logging, overlaps in landuse policies or practices, all
of which in the end sacrifice protected areas.
The conversions of Riau’s natural forests are determined by local land use policy. Flawed
policies can result in the destruction of natural forests. There is an urgent need to reduce the
negative impacts of such policies through advocacy and consultation mechanisms. One
such initiative is a legal review being carried out on the land use policy documents of
Kampar, Kuantan Singingi, Indragiri Hulu, Indragiri Hilir, and Pelalawan districts; in
which, all are connected by the TNBT corridor.
The review carried out by Greenomics Indonesia in Collaboration with WWF-Riau
Elephant Conservation Program, indicates various analytical flaws in the process of land
use planning in the five districts. The final land use reports of all five districts revealed that
30 to 87 percent of the data groupings that are required to be considered as a basis of
analysis by the Ministerial Decree327/Kpts/M/2002 of the department of Public Works
were not given due to attention and in some cases not even considered.
The inadequacy of legaly required data in the planing process has resulted in an analysis
that does not syncronize land use categories such as agriculture, village areas and city land
use within the context of the protected area. The land use plans do not explain the
interaction between these areas and the protected area. Especially in terms of land use
within the protected area, and in the villages and cities conected to the protected area. The
risks that these land uses could have on the protected area have not been considered.
There is a need to improve forest land use plans in all five districts by developing them in a
comprehensive and procedural manner. This needs to be done in consultation with all
stakeholders including the department of Forestry, the department of Public Works, the
Forestry office of Riau, and provincial and district land use planning teams as well related
communities, experts and business. This is needed to ensure that the consensual process is
in line with the higher level land use plans for the area.( open for public )
For further information contact Dudi Rufendi: drufendi@wwf.or.id
Communication
Tesso Nilo Project Participated in Book Exhibition
To celebrate “Visit the Library’ day, the Riau Library and Documentation Board conducted
a multi media exhibition, including a documentary film show on October 2-4. Local and
national media publishers and Riau based universities took part in this event. WWF Tesso
Nilo project also joined the exhibition with the aim at raising public awareness about the
importance of conservation in Tesso Nilo..
Students are watching and answering
questionnaire : Photo: Dani/doc WWF
The Tesso Nilo communication unit disseminated
posters, stickers, leaflets, and bulletins to visitors,
the majority of whom were secondary school
students. Many visitors stopped by the WWF stand
and asked for information. On the second day, the
Tesso Nilo team showed a documentary film about
the tradition of harvesting honey from the sialang
tree to visitors. While watching the film the
audience answered questionnaire on what they
know about Tesso Nilo and related conservation
activities. Inputs gained from these questionnaires
will help the communication unit improve its
environment education program for schools.
The Riau library will continue to periodically show
documentary films and has invited WWF to
continue showing documentary films on
conservation. (open for public)
Students are in crowd taking posters and
stickers : Photo: Dani/doc WWF
$61,730
$2,117,555 $3,484,871
$291,126
$870,000
$61,730
$1,367,316
$500,000
$900,000
$233,874
$994,972
$260,000
Total
Save The Tiger Fund*
Heritage
Conservation of Sumatra Tiger in Tesso Nilo/Bukit
Tigapuluh Landscape
Creation and Management of the Tesso Nilo Protected
Area as a Centerpiece of Sumatra?s Tesso Nilo
Bukit/Tigapuluh Conservation Corridor
Empowering Local People and Local Government to
Support Batang Gadis National Park
$61,730
$199,547
Expansion of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and
Protection of Its Wider Ecosystem
$61,730
$690,585
$900,000
$500,000
$318,809
$118,000
$870,000
$291,126
$900,000
$500,000
$380,539
$179,730
$232,746
Anti-Poaching Patrols for Rhinos, Tigers and Other
* CEPF has entrusted Save the Tiger Fund with making tiger-related investments in the tiger-range areas where CEPF is
active. The total amount of CEPF’s investment in Save the Tiger fund is $3,000,000, which has been matched by
$3,000,000 from the ExxonMobil Foundation.
CEPF: International Rhino Foundation
Co-Financing: Save the Tiger Fund, WCS
and WWF
Project/Regional Leveraging:
Government of Australia
CEPF: Komunitas Konservasi Indonesia
(WARSI)
Co-Financing: Government of Australia
Project/Regional Leveraging: Global
Conservation Fund
CEPF: National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation
Project/Regional Leveraging: ExxonMobil
Foundation
CEPF: United Nations Foundation
Project/Regional Leveraging: United
Nations Foundation
CEPF: World Wildlife Fund
Co-Financing: World Wildlife Fund
CEPF: WWF Indonesia
Co-Financing: WWF Germany and other
WWF national offices
CEPF: Yayasan Bina Ketrampilan Desa
Co-Financing: Government of Australia
$232,746
$48,000
$482,500
$48,000
Batang Gadis National Park Development and
Management Support
$5,000
Project/Regional Total
Leveraging
Leveraged
$21,000
$21,000
Co-Financing
$300,000
Motivating Governments to Address Illegal Wildlife in
Southeast Asia
CEPF: Conservation International-Center
for Conservation and Government
Co-Financing: Conservation International
CEPF: Conservation International-Indonesia
Project/Regional Leveraging: Private
Donor
CEPF: Conservation International-Indonesia
Project/Regional Leveraging: Global
Conservation Fund
Funding
Amount
Conservation of the Sumatran Orangutan in the Northern
Sumatra Corridor
Project Title
Organization

The Sundaland Hotspot Briefing Book

Transcription

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