Chin World No(3) Final

Transcription

Chin World No(3) Final
16 February 2013
or®wOD;odef;pdef\ tpdk;&opfoufwrf;twGif;
yxrqHk;tBudrftjzpf csif;jynfe,fodkha&muf&Sd
tar&duef r&def;wyf\
AdkvfrSL;tqifh&Sd csif;wdkif;&if;om;
yl;AefvseftkyfESifhawGYqHkjcif;
pm (6) odkh
csif;jynfe,fwpfNynfe,fvHk;&Sd aus;&Gmaygif;
oHk;q,ftm; {NyDvtNyD;a&zlvHkap&eftwGuf
wm0ef,rl nfU{&ma&Tvif;ukrP
Ü D
jrefrmEkid if tH xufyikd ;f wm0efcH
Ouú|OD;ñGevhf idI ef ahJ wGYqjkH cif;
pm (9) odkh
wm&Tef;'Drdku&ufwpfaumifpD
pm (10) odkh
EkdifiHa&;toGiful;ajymif;rIumvtwGif; jynfaxmifpk
or®wjrefrmEkdifiHawmf? or®wOD;odef;pdefESifhtwl oufqdkif&m
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;? wkdif;&if;om;a&;&m0efBuD; rsm;onf
azazmf0g&v
D (15) &ufaeh? eHeufyikd ;f 9 tcsed w
f iG f ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f ?
uav;NrdKYavqdyfodkh a&muf&SdaMumif;od&onf/
eHeufydkif;wGifEkdifiHawmfor®wonfuav;NrdKYe,f&Sd
uav;NrKd Y jynfoaYl q;&HEk iS hf uav;wuúov
kd u
f Mkd unf&h pI pfaq;cJNh y;D
naeydkif;wGifNrdKYawmfcef;rüNrdKYcHjynfolvlxkESifh awGYqHkcJhonf/
uav;wuúokdvfwGifor®wBuD;rS trSmpum;ajymMum;&wGif
q&mq&mrrsm;taejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm;? jynfaxmifpk
pdw"f mwf &Sio
f efBu;D xGm;vmapa&;jyKpyk sKd ;axmifay;&efrmS Mum;cJNh y;D
jynfaxmifpo
k r®w? jrefrmEkid if aH wmftwGi;f rSw
D if;aexdik Mf uonfU
oef;aygi;f 60ausmjf ynforl sm;twGuyf nma&;ESiphf ;D ;yGm;a&;u@wkw
Yd iG f
ajyvnfatmif pwifjyKvkyfaeNyDjzpfaMumif;ESifh zkefuwfrsm;ukd
vnf; wefzkd;enf;uwfrsm;tjzpf trsm;jynfoltqifajyap&ef
aqmif&GufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; xnfUoGif;ajymMum;cJhonf/
Edik if aH wmfor®wMu;D onf azazmf0g&v
D (16)&ufaehwiG f
wD;wdefNrdKUodkUoGm;a&mufrnfjzpfNyD; xdkrSwpfqifh zvrf;ESifh [m;cg;
NrdKYawmfodkhoGm;a&mufum [m;cg;NrdKYwGifntdyf&yfem;rnfjzpf
aMumif;od&onf/ xdkrSwpfqifh(1&)&ufaehwGif csif;jynfe,f
awmifydkif; rif;wyfNrdKYodkh qufvufc&D;jyKrnf[kvnf;od&onf/
or®wOD;odef;pdeftaejzifh ol\or®woufwrf;twGif; csif;jynf
e,fodkY yxrqHk;tBudrf oGm;a&mufonfUc&D;pOfjzpfonf/ or®w
OD;odef;pdefonf EkdifiHwumc&D;pOfrsm;tNyD; csif;jynfe,fodkh ,ck
uJhodkhoGm;a&mufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ,ckc&D;pOfESifhygwfowfNyD; csif;
wd;k wufa&;ygwt
D axGaxGtwGi;f a&;rI;(2)yl;&Sed ;f xGe;f rS ]'Dc&D;pOf
udk MunfcU sit
f m;jzifh Edik if aH wmf&t
YJ oGiu
f ;l ajymif;a&;umvjzpfpOfrmS
yGifhvif;jrifomrI&SdvmaMumif; rsuf0g;xifxifawGY jrif&ygw,f}
[kajymonf/
,ckor®wc&D;pOfESifhywfowfNyD; yvuf0a'ocH
wpfOD;rS ]or®w&JYcsif;awmifc&D;pOfudk tckvdkMum;&wm0rf;omyg
w,f/ 'gayr,fh t&ifuvlBu;D awGvydk J csi;f jynfe,f&aYJ wmifyikd ;f NrKd Y
yvuf0udk oGm;r,ft
h pDpOfrygawmh tawmfav;pdwyf surf w
d ,f/
A[du
k aecsi;f awmifuv
kd mwdik ;f yvuf0udck secf sex
f m;wm t&if
uwnf;uyJ/ wu,fqdkyvuf0NrdKYu csif;jynfe,ftwGuf
oD;oefhvkdjzpfaeawmh rjzpfraeoGm;oifhw,fvdkhxifw,f} [k
&ifzGifhpum;ajymonf/
pDtJefyDESifU pDyDyDwdkh yl;aygif;awmhrSmvm;
ryl;aygif;awmhbl;vm;
csif;trsKd;om;wkdY&JY rd½dk;zvm
ajr,mykdifqkdifrItufOya'
pm (22) odkh
csi;f vlrsKd ;rsm;\
csi;f trsKd ;om;aeh
pm (16) odkh
qvdkif;tdkufZufcifajymwJh
tqif;&JqHk;jynfe,f&JYtajz
pm (14) odkh
pm (12-13) odkh
1
Vol. 1, No.3
Chin World News Journal
CEO
Salai Mang
Advisor
Ko Naing (Chin Taung)
Chief Editor
Nhgepi Thian Uk Thang
Editors
Mya Kabya, B A Thang
Chief Reporter
Salai Hung Tun Gei @ salaitun
Reporters
Zam Thuam, Bosco Lian, Mang Bik Lian,
She Om, Ni Rem Mawi, Thang Suan Lian
Marketing Manager
Salai Peter Van Ceu
Operation Manager
Mai Democracy
Distribution Manager
Mai Betty
Accountant
Mai Iang Za Men
Video Journalist
Salai Peng Lian Sang
Publisher
Salai Yan L:in Man (Tem-1636)
Offset
Myo Thant Offset (Per-10112)
t,f'w
D mhtmabmf
'DESpfu csif;wdkif;&if;om;awGtwGufawmh r*Fvm&SdwJh ESpfwpfESpfvdkh qdk&ygr,f/ taMumif;uawmh ESpfaygif;twefMum
csi;f jynfe,faehtjzpf wpfzufvn
S u
hf si;f yae&wJh azazmf0g&D 20? csi;f trsKd ;om;aehukd csi;f trsKd ;om;aehtppftjzpf w&m;0ifjyefusi;f y
EdkifawmhrSmrdkhvdkh jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m udk,fydkif,Ofaus;rIESifh &yfwnfaewJh vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;twGuf tifrwefta&;BuD;wJhudpöjzpfygw,f/
a&SaY vQmufvnf; 'guq
kd ufvufxed ;f odr;f Ny;D ud,
k t
hf wGujf zpfoifw
h hJ ta&;t&mawGukd oufqikd o
f al wG todtrSwjf yKvufcEH ikd af tmif
ta&mufyzhkd hkd vdt
k yfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm azazmf0g&D 20 udk csi;f trsKd ;om;aehtjzpf jyefvnfowfrw
S u
f si;f yzdhk tm;xkwcf o
hJ t
l m;vH;k udk
csif;a0gvfu av;pm;aus;Zl;wif&SdaMumif;rSwfwrf;wifygw,f/
ajymif;vJvmwJh acwfa&pD;aMumif;eJhtwl csif;owif;orm;awG? csif; *sme,f^r*¾Zif;awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; xGufay:
xkwaf 0vmMuwmudv
k nf; 0rf;omBuKd q&kd ygw,f/ 'Dvkd a'otvku
d f jyefu
h saJ ewJt
h m;awGukd pkpnf;Edik zf t
hkd wGuf csi;f pme,fZif;orm;
awG&JY pk&yfwpfae&m vdkvmygNyD/ csif;pme,fZif;aumifpDac:ac:? csif;*sme,fvpfuGef,ufqdkqdk pwkw¬r@dKiform;awG&JY cdkvHI&m
ae&mav;wpfckawmh usaemfwdkh wu,fvdktyfygw,f/ a'otvdkuf udk,fh&JYbmompum;eJh xkwfa0aeMuol rD'D,morm;rsm;
0dkif;pOf;pm;ay;apcsifygw,f/
tJ'DrSm tckjyXmef;r,fh rD'D,mOya'rSm usaemfwdkh wdkif;&if;om;awG&JYpmaytcef;u@ESifh rl0g'tBuHjyKcsufawG
0dkif;vkyfEdkifMur,f/ a'ooHk;bmompum;awGeJh xkwfa0wJh *sme,f^r*¾Zif;awG&JY vGwfvyfpGm&yfwnfydkifcGifhawG? w&m;wabmif
&ifqdkifp&m&Sd&if Oya'aMumif;t&tumtuG,fay;EdkifrIawG? wm0efcrH &I NdS y;D vGwv
f yfwhJ csi;f rD',
D morm;aumif; rsm;rsm;ay:xeG ;f zdhk
ysdK;axmiftm;ay;rItpDtpOfawG 0dkif;0ef;azmfaqmifEdkifMur,fvdkharQmfvifhygw,f/
a&ZGmNrdKYe,fcGJodkY,m,DNrdKYe,fcGJtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
wm0efxrf;aqmif&eftoGm;qkdifu,ftufqD;'ifUjzpfyGm;
csif;jynfe,fa&ZGmNrdKUe,fcGJtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; aejynfawmf
odkh oifwef;wufa&mufpOf twGif;,m,DNrdKYe,fcGJtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef oGm;a&mufonfU yl;atmifavm[monf
azazmf0g&D(4)&ufaeh eHeuf(9)em&D0ef;usifwGifa&ZGmNrdKYodkhtoGm;
qdkifu,ftufqD;qifhjzpfyGm;NyD; b,fvufusdK;'Pf&mjzifh [m;cg;
jynfolYaq;&HkwGifaq;ukorIcH,lvsuf&SdaMumif;od&onf/
yl;atmifavm[monfa&ZGmodkh wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef
[m;cg;rSxu
G cf cG NhJ y;D [m;cg;rSridk f (20) ausmaf 0;onfq
U wm;aus;&Gm
tausmf (3) rkdifcefhwGiftufqD;'ifhjzpfyGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ yl;atmif
avm[monfyvuf0NrKd eY ,fwiG 'f Ok ;D pD;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcsed f
jzpfNy;D vpf[aeonfaU &ZGmNrKd eY ,fct
JG yk cf sKyaf &;rSL;wm0efukd ,m,D
wD;wdefNrdKYe,f? ewfwHcg;acsmif;BudK;wHwm;
wnfaqmufrSK acwå&yfqdkif;
csi;f jynfe,f wD;wdef
NrdKhe,f a':vGiftkyfpkESifhcdef;Zef
tkypf Mk um;&Sd ewfwcH g;acsmif;ul;
BudK;wHwm; wnfaqmufaerSK
tm; 2013 ckESpf? azazmf0g&D
vqef;ydkif;rS pwifum acwå
&yfqidk ;f xm;aMumif; a'ocHrsm;
\ ajymjycsuft& od&Sd&yg
onf/
csi;f jynfe,f tpd;k &
bwf*sujf zifh OD;xGe;f Ed;k wm0ef
,l a qmuf v k y f v suf & S d a om
tqd k y gMud K ;wH w m;ud k usyf
ode;f aygi;f (108) jzifh aqmuf
vk y f j cif ; jzpf N yD ; ,ck t cg
aqmufvkyfrI (75) &mcdkifESKef;
NyD;pD;aeNyDjzpfí tqdkyg bwf
*sufukefoGm;ygojzifh aqmuf
vkyrf I &yfqikd ;f xm;Ny;D jynfe,f
tpd;k &xHob
Ykd wf*suw
f ;kd awmif;
xm;onf[k od&onf/
ewf w H c g;acsmif ;
xrf;aqmif&efwm0efay;cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ yl;atmifavm[monf
,cifcsif;jynfe,frif;wyfNrdKY? &efukefwdkif;a'gyHk? wkdufBuD;ESifh
&Sr;f jynfe,fww
hkd iG f wm0efxrf;aqmifcNhJ y;D vGecf o
hJ nfEU pS Ef pS af usmrf S
csif;jynfe,fodkhjyef vnfajymif;a&TYvmjcif;jzpfonf/ [m;cg;NrdKYe,f
tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;&H;k wGif 2 ESpcf efw
h m0efxrf;aqmiftNy;D yvuf0NrKd o
U Ukd
ajymif;a&TYwm0efay;jcif;cH&NyD; ,ck 6 v0ef;usif&SdNyDjzpfonf/
a&ZGmNrdKYe,fcGJodkh wm0efxrf;aqmif&efrjzpfEkdifawmhonfUtwGuf
4if;tpm; rwlyDNrdKYe,frSwpfOD; apvTwfvkdufaMumif;owif;&&Sd
onf/ a&ZGmNrdKYESifh[m;cg;NrdKYonfrkdif 100 ausmfuGma0;onf/
salai Hung Tun Gei
wD;wde-f wGe;f ZHMum;t"duum;vrf;ay:&dS
wHwm;wpfpif;usKd ;us
tm; csif;bmomjzifh Tuingo
lui [kac:NyD; ,if;acsmif;onf
Zonuamsang ES i f h Kimlai
(Dolluang) tkyfpktMum;wGif
wnf&SdNyD; xdkBudK;wHwm;udk
2012 ckESpfwGif pwifaqmuf
vkyfjcif;jzpfum tvkyform;
rsm;tjzpf a'ocH(2)&GmrS &GmcH
rsm;tm; ac:,ltoHk;jyKaMumif;
od&onf/
pu lian
&ckdifjynfe,fwGiftultnDvkdonfh'ku©onfrsm;ulnD&ef
csif;jynfe,foHk;NrdKUrSapwemU0efxrf;(12)OD;oGm;a&muf
csif;jynfe,f oHk;NrdKY
e,f r S Muuf a jceD a pwemh
0efxrf;(12) OD;&ckdifjynfe,f
'ku©onfrsm;tm; ulnD&ef az
azmf0g&D 12&ufaehwiG f ppfawG
NrKdo
Y ahkd v,mOfjzifah &muf&adS Mumif;
od&onf/ xdMkuufajceD apwemU
0efxrf;(12)OD;tm; &ckdifjynf
e,fodkhoGm;&eftwGuf aejynf
awmfXmecsKyf&Sd enf;jyrsm;rS
vma&muf oifwef;ay;cJhjcif;
jzpfonf/ apwemU0efxrf;(12)
OD;wGi[
f m;cg;rS(9)OD;? rwlyrD (S 2)
OD;? wD;wdefrS(1)OD;yg0ifaMumif;
od&onf/jrefrmEdik if MH uufajceD
toif;taejzifh &ckdifjynfe,f
'ku©onfrsm;twGuf jynfe,f
ESiw
hf idk ;f a'oBu;D rsm;rS tvSnhf
usoGm;a&muf&NyD; ,ckaemuf
qHk;tokwftaejzifh csif;jynf
e,frS apwemU0efxrf;(12)OD;?
u,m;jynfe,frS apwemU0ef
xrf;(11)OD;? &efuek w
f ikd ;f a'o
BuD;rS apwemh0efxrf;(10)OD;
pkpkaygif;(33)OD; oGm;a&mufMu
aMumif;od&onf/]&ckid jf ynfe,f
ig;NrdKYe,frSm volunteer vkyf&
r,f? tJ'iD g;NrKd eY ,fawmh aocsm
rod&ao;bl;}[k csi;f jynfe,f
rSvu
dk yf goal pwemh0efxrf;wpf
OD;uajymonf/&ckid jf ynfe,fohkd
oGm;a&muf&eftwGuf &efukef
NrKw
dY iG af wGq
Y Mku
H Ny;D 12&ufaehv,f
11em&DwiG pf pfawGNrKd o
Y ahkd v,mOf
jzifh xGufcGmoGm;Mujcif;jzpf
onf/ salai Hung Tun Gei
csif ; jynf e ,f a jrmuf y d k i f ;
wD;wdef-wGef;ZH um;vrf;ay:&Sd
ZvG;D acsmif;wHwm;onf azazmf
0g&Dv 6 &uf eHeufwGif
usKd ;usomG ;aMumif; od& onf/
jzpfyrkH mS csi;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f
zG H Y N zd K ;a&;vk y f i ef ; wm0ef , l
aqmif&Gufaeonfh wif0if;
xGe;f ukrP
Ü \
D vrf;wl;pufBu;D
wifaqmifvmonfh q,fbD;
2
um;BuD; wHwm;ay:jzwfcsdef
wGif 4if;wHwm;usKd;usoGm;
jcif ; jzpf N yD ; xd k u m;ay:wG i f
um;armif;olwpfOD;om yg&Sd
aMumif;? um;armif;olrmS tem
w&r&&SdbJ wD;wdef&Jpcef;u
xd e f ; od r f ; xm;aMumif ; vnf ;
od & S d & onf / xd k w H w m;onf
oHabmifabvDtrsK;d tpm;jzpfNy;D
wHwm;t&Snfay70? wHwm;cH
Ed k i f 0 ef w ef 3 0 jzpf a Mumif ;
od&Sd&onf/ wGef;ZHjrdKhe,fESifh
usDcg;NrdKhe,f&Sd jynfolvlxk\
pm;0wfaea&;ESifh qufoG,f
a&;u tqdkyg t"duxm;
tm;ud k ; onf j zpf & m ,ck
wHwm;ysujf cif;aMumifh xdak 'o
&S d j ynf o l r sm;'k u © a &muf &
aMumif;a'ocHrsm;xHro
S &d onf/
16 February 2013
csif;trsdK;om;aehudk jynfe,fESifhwkdif;a'oBuD;&SdNrdKYe,frsm;wGifcrf;em;pGmusif;yrnf
azazmf0g&D (20) &ufaehwGifcsif;jynfe,faeh[kemrnf
wyf usi;f yapcJ&h mrS csi;f trsKd ;om;aeh[k w&m;0ifjyefvnfusi;f y
Ekdifjcif;aMumifhjrefrmEkdifiH ae&mjynfe,fESifhwkdif;a'oBuD;&SdNrdKYe,f
tawmfrsm;rsm;wGifcrf;em;pGmusif;yrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
1948 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&v
D (20)&ufaeYwiG f oufO;D qHyikd f
ya'o&mZfpepfrS acwfrD'Drdkua&pDpepfusifhoHk;&eftwGuf csif;
vlxkrS qE´jyKa&G;cs,fowfrSwfay;cJh&mrS xdkaehukdcsif;trsdK;om;
aeY[t
k wnfjyKowfrw
S cf MhJ uNy;D 2013 ckEpS f azazmf0g&v
D (20)&uf
aeYwGif (65)ESpfjynfUajrmufNyDjzpfonf/ (65)ESpfajrmuf csif;trsdK;
om; aeYtcrf;tem;tm; csif;jynfe,ftwGif;aomfvnf;aumif;?
jynfwiG ;f jynfy&Sd csi;f vlrsKd ;rsm;aexdik &f m a'otoD;oD;wGif usi;f y
MurnfjzpfNy;D rauG;wdik ;f rauG;NrKd ?Y aqmNrKd (Y yxrtBurd )f ? rEåav;
wkid ;f aejynfawmf('kw,
d tBurd )f ? rEåav;NrKd ?Y ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f rH&k mG ESihf
uav;NrdKYrsm;wGif BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm usif;yoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
uav;Nrd K U w G i f N rd K U r d N rd K U z rsm;rS N rd K Y w G i f ; zuf ? ausmif ; ol a usmif ;
om;rsm;rSajraG wmifajcwGif usi;f yrnfjzpfonf/ &efuek w
f ikd ;f r&rf;
uke;f NrKd ?Y &Sr;f jynfe,fawmifBu;D ('kw,
d tBurd )f yJc;l wkid ;f jynfNrKd rY sm;
wGiv
f nf; azazmf0g&v
D (20)&ufaehü csi;f trsKd ;om;aehtm;pnfum;
odkufNrdKufpGmusif;yrnfjzpfonf/ csif;jynfNrdKYe,ftoD;oD;odkh
csif;trsdK;om;wyfOD;rS yGJusif;ya&;twGuf usyf(1)odef;pDvSL'gef;
rnf[kaMunmxm;aomfvnf; ,cktcgraocsmawmhaMumif;rif;
wyfNrKd cY si;f trsKd ;om;aeh jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD0ifwpfO;D rSajymonf/
[m;cg;NrdKYwGifjyKvkyfrnfU csif;trsdK;om;aeYtcrf;em;udk jynfe,f
tpdk;&rS OD;aqmifum pnfum;odkufNrdKufpGm usif;yoGm;rnf[k
od&Sd&onf/ csif;trsdK;om;aeY usif;yEdkif&eftwGuf vdktyfonfU
&efyakH iG&mS azGru
I kd Chin Youth Organization (CYO) rS OD;aqmifNy;D
T-Shirt?uHprf;rJ? Post Card rsm;a&mif;csvsuf&Sdonf/ xdkhjyif
azazmf0g&Dv 18-20 txd csif;trsdK;om;aeYyGJawmftpDtpOfudk
usi;f yoGm;rnfjzpfum NrKd eY ,ftvdu
k f &d;k &m0wfpm;qif,ifrNI yKd iyf ?JG
acwfay:tvSr,fNydKifyGJ? &dk;&meyef;NydKifyGJ? acwfay:aw;*Dw
tpDtOfrsm;? acsmwdkifwufNydKifyGJ? &dk;&m Khuang Cawi rsm;jzifh
pnfum;pGm usi;f yoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&&dS onf/ &d;k &m Khuang
Cawi twGuf tvSr,fudk Mai Ni Hlei Cuai tm; ,ckESpf
twGuf a&G;cs,fxm;onf/
csif;trsKd;om;aeYtcrf;tem;tpDpOfudk azazmf0g&Dv
20 &ufrSmusif;yrnfjzpfNyD; yGJawmftpDtpOfudk ydkrdkNyD;pnfum;
atmif rauG;NrdKYe,f?*efha*ge,f? rHk&Gme,frsm;rS ukefonfpD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;rS aps;qdkifrsm;vma&mif;jcif;upm;zG,f&mrsm;jzifh
vma&mufMurnfjzpfaMumif;vnf;od&Sd&ygonf/
azazmf0g&D 12 &ufaehwiG &f efuek w
f idk ;f ? tif;pdeNf rKd eY ,f&dS
t&SdKcsif;ESpfcsif;toif;awmfü csiftrsdK;om;aehtBudKtcrf;tem;
usif;ycJhMuonf/ xdktcrf;em;odkht&SdKcsif;trsdK;om; 300 eD;yg;
wufa&mufcJhMuNyD; t&SdKcsif;&dk;&mtursm;jzifhpnfum;odkufNrdKuf
pGm csif;trsdK;om;aehtBudKudkusif;ycJhaMumif; od&onf/ t&SdKcsif;
pmayESifh ,Ofaus;rIaumfrwDOuú|qvkdif;rGefvSdKif(jynfe,fynm
a&;rI;tNird ;f pm;) u ]uReaf wmfwhkd (20) &ufaehrmS awmh &efuek rf mS
yJtm;vH;k yg0ifrmS yg/ tckutBuKd vyk w
f myJjzpfygw,f} [kajymonf/
aejynfawmfwiG v
f nf; (65)ESpaf jrmufcsi;f trsKd ;om;aehukd pnfum;
odkufNrdKufpGmusif;yrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ ,refESpf(64)ESpf
ajrmufudk wdkif;&if;om;aus;&GmwGif 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD; pdk;xufOD;
aqmifrIjzifh aejynfawmfwGifyxrqHk;tBudrfusif;ycJhaomfvnf;
yGJOD;aqmifolrsm;rSm 0efxrf;rsm;jzpfonfuwpfaMumif; csif;
trsdK;om;aehudk csif;jynfe,faeh[kom acgif;pOfwyfusif;ycJhMu
aMumif;? ,ckEpS rf mS rlaumfrwDrsm;zGpYJ nf;Ny;D jrefrmrSmaewJch si;f awGa&m?
urmÇt&yf&yfrmS a&mufaewJch si;f trsKd ;om;awGpw
d 0f ifpm;atmifvyk zf hkd
tpDtpOf&SdaMumif;? vTwfawmfwufaecsdefjzpfonfhtwGuf vTwf
awmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udv
k nf;udzk w
d x
f m;aMumif;? vTwaf wmfOuú|
rsm;udkvnf;zdwfMum;&efpDpOfxm;aMumif; csif;trsdK;om;aehudk
csif;trsdK;om;aehtwdkif; acgif;pOfwyfNyD;vkyf&if aumif;rvm;[k
pOf;pm;csed w
f iG f w&m;0ifusi;f ycGi&hf onft
U wGuf twkid ;f xuftvGef
0rf;ajrmufaMumif; yGJjzpfajrmufa&;tzGJYrS AdkvfBuD;0if;apmOD;u
csif;a0gvf\ar;jref;csufudkajzMum;cJhonf/ jrefrmh &kyfjrifoHMum;
Xmeudv
k nf; rSww
f rf;wif&efzw
d x
f m;aMumif;? tu tzGrYJ sm;tjzpf
&efukef Lai Baptist Church rStutzGJY? a&qif; wuúodkvfrS
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;? aejynfawmfwyfukef;rS csif;rsm;udk
zdwfxm;aMumif;od&onf/ ]t&ifvdkr[kwfyJ csif;trsdK; om;aeh
qdkwJhacgif;pOfeJU usif;yr,fhaejynfawmf&JY yxryGJrSmuzdkhyg&wm
t&rf;aysmfrdygw,f}[k&efukef Lai Baptist Church rStu tzGJY
wGiyf g0ifol Mai Mawi te rSajymonf/ rEåav;wdik ;f rEåav;NrKd w
Y iG f
vnf; Swam Hotel wGiaf ehv,f (1)em&Drn
S ae(3)em&DMum; usi;f y
jyKvkyfrnfjzpfonf/ rauG;wdkif;rauG;NrdKUwGifvnf; wdkif;&if;om;
pnf;vH;k nDnw
G af &;ygwcD ef;rü nae(4)em&DrS (10) em&Dxd usi;f y
jyKvyk rf nfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/rauG;wdik ;f aqmNrKd Y (csi;f vlrsKd ; 700
0ef;usif&SdonfU) wGif;vnf;,ckESpfyxrqHk;tBudrf csif;trsdK;om;
aeh u d k csif ; wd k ; wuf a &;ygwD \ jynf e ,f v T w f a wmf trwf
uD;xef;vGe;f \ aetdrw
f iG u
f si;f yjyKvyk rf nfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
Edik if &H yfjcm;wdik ;f jynfrsm;jzpfaom tdE,
d´ Ekid if ?H rav;&Sm;
EdkifiH? Mopaw;vsEdkifiH? Oa&mywdkuf&Sd *smreD? aemfa0;? 'def;rwf?
e,fomvefESifh t*FvefEdkifiHrsm;? uae'gEdkifiHESifh tar&duefjynf
axmifp&k dS csi;f vlrsKd ;rsm;aexdik &f m jynfe,frsm;wGif csi;f trsKd ;om;aeY
tcrf;tem;tm; pnfum;odkufNrdKufpGm usif;y&efjyifqifvsuf
&SdMuonf/ xdkodkhwwd,EdkifiHrsm;wGifrl ,ckESpf(65)ESpf csif;trsdK;
om;aeY usa&mufaom&uf twdtuswGif usif;yEdkifjcif;r&SdbJ
EdkifiHtajctaet& azazmf0g&Dv (16) &uf (odkY) azazmf0g&Dv
(23) &ufaeYrsm;wGif usi;f yoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ ,cifcsi;f trsKd ;om;
aeh tm;w&m;0ifemrnfoHk;pGJ usif;ycGifhr&SdbJ csif;trsdK;om;aeh
(20)&ufaehukd csi;f jynfe,faeh[u
k si;f y apcJ&h m rS2012 ckEpS 'f ZD if
bmvwGif csif;jynfe,fvTwfawmfwGif w&m;0ifqHk;jzwfNyD;
,ckESpfrScsif;trsdK;om;aehudk jyefvnfusif;ycGifh&jcif;jzpfonf/
BA + Salai Hung Tun Gei
aejynfawmfjynfaxmifpkaeYtcrf;tem;wGif csif;acgif;aqmifrsm; wufa&mufjyD;?
csif;jynfe,ftuya'omtzGJYrSvnf; ujyazsmfajzcJh
Ed k i f i H a wmf t pd k ; &rS
2013 ck E S p f ? azazmf 0 g&D v
(12) &ufaeYwGif aejynfawmf
ü MuD;rSL;usif;yaom (66)
ES p f a jrmuf jynf a xmif p k a eY
tcrf;tem;MuD;wGif csif;jynf
e,ftutzGJYrS tuya'om
jzifh ujyazsmfajzcJhjyD;? csif;EdkifiH
a&;ygwDrsm;rS acgif;aqmif
rsm;vnf; wufa&mufcJhMu
onf[k od&onf/
csif ; jynf e ,f t u
tjzpf udk,fpm;jyKujy azsmf
ajz&eftwGuf atmufwdkbm
v (14-15) &uf? 2012
wGif [m;cg;NrKd üY usi;f ycJah om
Hlawn Siang, 11) Mai Ngun
Hlawn Tial, 12) Mai Lal Rin
]yxrtMudrf csif;&dk;&m qdku-a&;-wD; NydKifyGJ} 0if zvrf;
NrdKYe,f tutzGJYtm; jynfe,f
tpdk;&rS wm0efay;tyfcJhjcif;
jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
csif ; jynf e ,f t u
tzGJYtm; jynfe,f,Ofaus;rI
OuúX Pu On Khan Kap, Pu
azmfjyoGm;rnf[k tzGw
YJ iG f yg0if
olwpfOD;rS Chin World odkY
ajymonf/
csif ; jynf e ,f t utzG J Y w G i f
trsdK;om; (12) OD;? trsdK;orD;
(12)OD; pkpak ygi;f (24) OD;yg0if
NyD; trsdK;om; rsm;rSm- 1) Salai
wdkhjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
trsdK;orD; (12) OD;
rSm 1) Mai Par Sui Hnem
(acgif;aqmif), 2) Mai Cung
Ral Lian Kham ESihf Saya Hrang
Phun Lian Hmung @ Lynlyn,
Hoi Par, 3) Mai Van Tawk
Thawm Vel wdr
Yk OS ;D aqmifonf/
2) Salai Lal Awm Pui, 3) Salai
Cer, 4) Mai Lian Nei Kim, 5)
csif ; jynf e ,f t u
tzGo
YJ nf zvrf;NrKd eY ,ftwGi;f &Sd
rsKd ;EG,pf w
k pfcjk zpfaomHualngo
csif;&dk;&m 0g;n§yftujzifh ujy
Robinson, 4) Salai Lal Nei
Mai Lal Ruat Kim, 6) Mai
Sang, 5) Salai Van Mang Lian,
Siang Kim, 7) Mai Lal Biak
6) Salai Ral Lian Thawng, 7)
Sui, 8) Mai Rem Mawi, 9)
wdkYjzpfonf/
xdkhjyif or®w OD;
odef;pdef\ npmpm;yGJESifh jynf
axmif p k a eY tcrf ; tem;od k Y
csif;wdk;wufa&;ygwD (CPP)
rS OuúX Pu No Than Kap?
typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabm
wlnDcsuf vufrSwf a&;xdk;
xm;aom csif;trsdK;om;wyfOD;
(CNF)rSwz
J G uftaxGaxGtwGi;f
a&;rSL; (2)a'gufwma&Tcg;wdkh
wufa&mufcJhonf/
1947 ckEpS ?f azazmf
0g&DvwGif csif;jynf? ucsif
jynf? &Sr;f jynfEiS hf ArmjynfwrYkd S
acgi;f aqmifrsm; &Sr;f jynfaxmif
yifvNkH rKd w
Y iG f awGq
Y ckH NhJ y;D jAw
d o
d sS
wdx
Yk rH S vGwv
f yfa&;twlwuG
&,lum wef;wlnDrSsa&;udk
tajccH o nf U jynf a xmif p k
pepfjzifh tem*wfwdkif;jynfudk
wnfaqmufoGm;&ef [laom
oabmwl n D c suf rsm;jzif h
vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhNyD; xdkaeh
azazmf0g&v
D (12) &ufaeYtm;
jynfaxmifpak eY[k owfrw
S u
f m
ESpfpOf ESpfwdkif;usif;yvsuf
&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
Salai Van Sui Mawng, 8) Salai
Mai Sui Len Siang, 10) Mai
BA Thang
Zual
vrf;yrf;qufoG,fa&;cufcJonfU
csif;jynfe,f rif;wyfNrdKY
ia&Smif&mG vrf;f tqifajyNyD
,cifvrf;yrf;qufoG,fa&;cufcJonfh csif;jynf
e,f? rif;wyfNrKd eY ,f? trSw(f 3)wdu
k ef ,f? ia&Smif&mG vrf;onf
,ckqdkifu,fjzifhoGm;vmEdkifNyDjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
xdkodkUvrf;yrf;qufoG,fa&;cufcJonfU ia&Smif&Gmvrf;udk
&efuek w
f ikd ;f &Sad rSmb
f ND rKd ?Y 0g;eufacsmif;wGi&f ;kH pdu
k af omjrefrmjynf
cspfjcif;arwmvlrIa&;vkyfief;rS J.P Biak Tin Sang \ ulnD
yHhydk;rIjzifhxdkodkUvrf;azmufvkyfEkdifjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkyHhydk;rIjzifh
vDavmif;&Gm? wHt
k rd &f mG ? ia&Smif&mG &Gmpkpak ygi;f vrf;t&Snf (7)
rdkifausmfudkvlxktiftm; (100) ausmfrSESpfygwftMumwl;
azmfcJhum Zefe0g&D&ufaeUwGifNyD;pD;NyD; ,cktcgqdkifu,frsm;
jzifhoGm;vmEdkifNyDjzpfonf/ xdkUjyiftqdkygqdkifu,fvrf;tm;
puf,E&m;BuD;rsm;jzifhum;vrf;tqifhxdwdk;csJUazmufvkyfrnf
jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ trSwf(3) wdkufe,f? ia&Smif&Gmonf
tdrfajc(94) 0ef;usif&Sdonf/
Salai Hung Tun Gei
Biak Lian Uk, 9) Salai Ca Hlei
Thang, 10) Salai Ngun Nei
Piang, 11) Salai Van Rem
Ruat, 12) Salai Ram Nei Zul
3
Vol. 1, No.3
&efuek t
f ajcpdu
k f csi;f tzGt
YJ pnf;rsm;ESihf
a'guw
f mvserf eI ;f qmacgi;f wdaYk wGq
Y kH
wD;wdefwGif usyfodef;wpf&mausmfwefzdk;&Sd rl;,pfaq;rsm;awGY&Sd
csif;jynfe,f? wD;wdef NrdKUe,fwGif
usyfodef;wpf&mausmfwefzdk;&Sd ql'dktufzD'&if;
aq;jym;rsm;udk 2013 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv (5)
&ufaeYwGif zrf;qD;&rdcJhaMumif; tqdkyg NrdKYe,f
&Jpcef;xHrS od&onf/ uav;rl;,pf (txl;)
tzGJYESihf wD;wdef&JwyfzGJY0ifwdkYu tqdkyg aeYwGif
wD;wdefrS uav; NrdKUodkY armif;ESif vmaom
qdik u
f ,fwpfp;D udk ud;k rdik &f pJ cef;teD;wGif ppfaq;
cJh&m qdkifu,fcGMum;wGif wifaqmifvmaom
ajymufusm; ausmydk;tdwftwGif;rS tjzLa&mif
yvwfpwpfjzihf xkyx
f m;aom ql't
kd ufz'D &if;
tmedoifyg tjzLa&mifaq;jym; wpfxkyfvSsif
9000 jym;yg 15 xkyf? tav;csdef 900
*&rfyg? aq;jym;aygif; 135ç000 jym;? pkpkaygif;
wefzkd;usyf 135 odef;udk &SmazGawGY&Sd onf[k
od&onf/
w&m;cHrsm; pD;eif;vmaomqdik u
f ,frmS
tem*gwcf si;f vlrsKd ;rsm; zGYH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;udk rnfuo
hJ Ukd tusKd ;&Spd mG yl;aygi;f vkyaf qmifomG ;Ekid rf nfqo
kd nfh
tvGwo
f abm aqG;aEG;yGu
J dk azazmf0g&(D 4)&ufaeh naeydik ;f wGif &efuek Nf rKd aY jreDuek ;f &Sd "EkjzLa':apm&D
xrif;qkid w
f iG f a'guw
f mvserf eI ;f qmacgi;f (Director of Burma Center for Ethnic Study)
ESifhtwl &efukeftajcpdkuf csif;vlrItzGJYpnf;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhaMumif;od&onf/
teufa&mif uifbdkqdkifu,ftrsdK;tpm;jzpfjyD;
Saipimual &Gmae Tg. Cin Suan Khai (26 ESpf)
ESifh aemufwGifvdkufygpD;eif;olrSm- wpf&GmxJae
Pu Hau Do Pau (58ESpf) wdkhjzpfonf/
qdik u
f ,f armif;ESiv
f mol usiq
fh iG ;f cdik f
ESifh a[muf';kd aygiw
f u
Ykd kd wD;wde&f pJ cef;u r,(y)
4/2013? rl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf pdwfukdajymif;vJ
apaom aq;0g;rsm;qdik &f m Oya'yk'rf 15/16(c)/
21 wdkhjzihf trIzGihf ta&;,lxm;aMumif; tqdkyg
&Jpcef;xHrS od&onf/
Ny;D cJo
h nfU Zefe0g&v
D (18) &ufaeYu
vnf; wD;wdeNf rKd eY ,ftwGi;f wGif tqdyk g aq;jym;
tav;csdef (421) uDvdk*&rfudk zrf;qD;&rdcJhNyD;
9 rdkif &Jpcef;u ta&;,laqmif&GufcJhaMumif;
,if;&Jpcef; xHrS od&onf/
pu lian
*kPfxl;OD;odef;Edkifu wD;wdefwGif wuúodkvf0ifwef;txl;xkwfrsm; vSL'gef;
tqdkygtcrf;tem;udk csif;ynma&;uGef&uf (CEN) rSpDpOfjyKvkyfcJhNyD; wufa&mufvmonfh
vl r I t zG J Y t pnf ; rsm;ES i f h tvG w f o abmaqG ; aEG ; rI r sm;jyKvk y f c J h M uonf / awG Y q H k y G J o d k h
csi;f pmayESi,
hf Ofaus;rIaumfrwD? csi;f ynma&;uGe,
f uf? Chin Youth Forum, Zo Education
h zGt
YJ pnf;rsm;rS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf
Program, CDES, YSBS, Chin World Media ponft
csif;EkdifiHa&;ygwDjzpfMuonfh csif;trsdK;om;ygwD? csif;wdk;wufa&;ygwDwdkUrSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;pkpkaygif;
(30) OD;0ef;usif wufa&mufcJhMuonf/ awGYqHkyGJ tzGifhpum;udk udkNzdK;aevif;rSajymMum;cJhonf/
xdkhaemuf a'gufwmvsefrIef;qmacgif;rS aqG;aEG;&mwGif 4if;wdkh\ BCES(Burma Center for
Ethnic Study) tzGJYtpnf;onf xdkif;EkdifiH csif;rkdifrS rMumrD 0ifa&mufvmawmhrnfjzpfaMumif;?
zuf'&,fEiS yhf wfoufNy;D wdik ;f &if;om; trsm;jynfoo
l hdk todynmay;vkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyaf qmifomG ;rnf
jzpfaMumif;? csi;f ta&;ESiyhf wfowfí csi;f vlrsKd ;rsm;taejzifw
h m0ef&adS Mumif;? zGYH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;twGuf
vkyfaqmifaeMuonfh tzGJYpnf;rsm;taejzifh rvkdtyfbJ ruGJjym;apvkdaMumif;? yGifhvif;vmaom
EkdifiHa&;ESifhzGHNzdK;a&;twGuf aemufxyf0ifa&mufrnfh tzGJYtpnf;rsm;&SdaMumif;? 4if;taejzifh
,ckawGq
Y ykH v
JG yk &f jcif;onf Ekid if aH &;taejzifh awGq
Y ykH JG jyKvyk jf cif; r[kwaf Mumif; awGq
Y yHk w
JG iG x
f nfo
h iG ;f
ajymMum;cJhonf/ xdkhaemuf wufa&mufvmonfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh tjyeftvSefar;cGef;rsm;
Peng Lian Sang
ar;jref;ajzqdk aqG;aEG;cJhMuonf[kod&onf/
csi;f jynfe,f wD;wdeNf rKd eY ,ftwGi;f &Sd txufwef;ausmif; (3) cktwGuf *kPx
f ;l OD;ode;f Edik u
f
2012-13 ynmoifESpftwGuf 'orwef;txl;xkwf pmtkyfrsm;tm; ay;tyfvSL'gef;cJhonf[k
od&onf/
*kPx
f ;l OD;ode;f Edik o
f nf jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f 'orwef;twGuf usL&Si?f ausmif;rsm;zGiv
hf pS af om
ausmfMum;aom jrefrmpmq&mjzpfNyD; txl;xkwf (614) tkyf vSL'gef;cJhonf[k od&onf/
Tedim Youth Fellowship (TYF) OuúX Tg. Nang Siang Tuang rS- ] ZCD &JU wdkuf
wGef;rIeJY q&mOD;odef;Edkifu vSL'gef;jcif;jzpfygw,f/ TYF uae ausmif;tkyfq&mMuD;awGqDudk
tyfESHrItaotcsmvkyfNyD; vTJtyfvdkufygNyD}[k Chin World odkYajymonf/
xdkodkY txl;xkwfpmtkyfrsm; ay;tyfvSL'gef;rIudk azazmf0g&Dv(2)&uf? 2013 ckESpfwGif
txu (1) wD;wde?f txu (2) wD;wdeEf iS hf xkwv
f ikd &f mG txuausmif;wdw
Yk iG f usi;f yjyKvyk cf o
hJ nf[k
od&onf/
2011-2012 ynmoifESpfwGif wD;wdefNrdKYe,frS 'orwef;ausmif;om;pm&if; (1132)
OD;&SdNyD; ,if;txJtwGif (1008) OD;ajzqdkum? atmifjrifol (229)OD; &SdcJhonf/ ,if;txJwGif
(4)bmom*kPfxl;&Sif (1)OD;? (3)bmom*kPfxl;&Sif(1)OD;? (2)bmom*kPfxl;&Sif(3)OD;ESifh (1)bmom
*kPx
f ;l &Sif (18)OD;yg0ifonf[o
k &d onf/ 2011-2012 twGuf (4)bmom*kPx
f ;l &Sio
f nf csi;f jynf
e,fwGif *kPfxl;trsm;qHk;&ausmif;om;jzpfonf[kod&onf/
zvrf;NrKd U usirf mG vf&yfuuG wf iG f um;Bu;D 0if;twGuf ae&m&SmazGrrI sm;jyKvyk f
azazmf0g&D 23 rDZdk&rfwGif Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJ usif;yrnf
zvrf;NrdKY usifrGmvf &yfuGufwGif ,cifw&kwfocsØKif;ukef; wnf&Sd&mae&mtm; um;BuD;0if;tjzpf
ajymif;vJ wnfaqmuf&ef tpDtpOf&SdaMumif; usifrGmvf&yfuGuf tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; OD;rdkufu,fu
csif;a0gvfodkY ajymMum;onf/ þtpDtpOfudk zvrf;NrdKY NrdKYrdNrdKYzrS OD;pD;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfNyD;
trIw*JG &efuv
kd nf; oufqikd &f mXmeodYk wifjyNy;D jzpfaMumif; od&&dS onf/ OD;rdu
k u
f ,fu ]zvrf;NrKd eY ,f
jynfolvlxkrsm;? zvrf;NrdKYudk a&muf&SdvmonfU {nfUonfrsm; ,mOftEå&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;? c&dkifNrdKYESifh
tnD vuf&SdAdkvfcsKyfvrf;ESifh <uefbdcfvrf;rS bkef;BuD;ausmif;vrf;wdkYudk wpfvrf;armif;tjzpf
owfrw
S Nf y;D 12&moD um;Bu;D oGm;vmEdik af tmif jyKjyifa&;? um;0if; (,mOf&yfem;pcef;) aqmufvyk Nf y;D
teD;tem;wGif wnf;cdkcef;rsm; aqmufvkyfa&;wdkYudk pepfwus taumiftxnfazmf&ef
&nf&,
G x
f m;ygonf}[kajymMum;onf/ qufvufí OD;rdu
k u
f ,fu ]txufu aqmufvyk cf iG t
hf rdepYf m
&&if vuf&Sd ocsØKif;ukef; awGudk pepfwuseJY NyD;pD;atmifajymif;a&TY&OD;rSmyg/ tck oHk;aewJhocsØKif;
ajrae&mr[kwb
f J tJ'aD e&m&JU tay:awmifuek ;f udyk J toH;k jyKzYkd &nf&,
G x
f m;ygw,f} [k &Si;f jyonf/
xdak wmifuek ;f ae&monf pnfyife,ferdwjf zpfNy;D 1 'or 10 {u us,0f ef;í vuf&o
dS csKØ i;f uke;f wGif
Asufykrf
tkwf*l (10) ckausmf &SdaMumif; owif;&&Sdygonf/
rDZkd&rfü azazmf0g&D
23wGif usif;yrnfh Mum;jzwf
a&G;aumufyt
GJ wGuf t&deS jf rifh
vmonfESifhtrQ EdkifiHa&;ygwD
rsm;onf rJqE´&Sif 17054
tm;rJqG,f&ef zGHYNzdK;a&;? jcpm;
rI? ukefaps;EIef;jrifhwufvm
rIEiS v
hf o
l ;kH ukeyf pön;f rsm; toH;k
jyK&rIrsm;tygt0if taMumif;
t&mtrsKd ;rsKd ;udk jri§ w
hf ifpnf;½H;k
vmMuonf[k od&onf/
4
aus;vuf r sm;ü
opfawm ESifhywf0ef;usif
xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&;ESihf
ajymif;a½TYpdkufysdK;&ef rD;&dIYrIESifh
ckwfxGifrIrsm;acsrIef;jcif;tm;
jriS w
hf ifonfh New Land Use
Policy (NLUP) tm; tEdi
k &f
ygwDrS 4if;\ausmfMum;vm
a&;twGuf tc&m y½dk*&rf
tjzpf &if;ES;D jry§ Ef v
HS su&f o
dS nf/
jynfe,ftpdk;&u
NLUP &Sd rdom;pk 90000
ausmt
f m; tultnDay;aeNy;D
txl;ojzifh tusdK;cHpm;&ol
rsm;rSm rdom;pkwpfcv
k Qif &ly;D
(1)oef;cefh ay;tyfjcif;cH&
onf[k ajymMum;onf/
ygwt
D m;ulnD jcif;
rSm NLUP tm;jzifh taxmuf
tyHhjyKrnfh rJqE´&Sifrsm;tm;
rJqG,fEdkif&ef vTwfawmftm;
ulnDaejcif;jzpfonf/
16 February 2013
0efBuD;csKyf[kef;idkif;rSrif;wyfNrdKYe,f&Sdc&pf,mef*dkPf;aygif;pHkbmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifUawGY
jynfe,ftusdK;jyKaprnfUvli,frsm;ay:xGef;vm&ef0dkif;0ef;ysdK;axmif&efarwåm&yfcH
csi;f jynfe,frif;wyfNrKd w
Y iG f 0efBu;D csKy[
f ek ;f idik ;f ESihf rif;wyfNrKd eY ,f
c&pf,mef *dP
k ;f aygi;f pHak wGqykH w
JG iG f 0efBu;D csKyrf S jynfe,fut
kd usKd ;jyKaprnfU
vli,frsm;ay:xeG ;f vmzdhk bmoma&;acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; 0dik ;f 0ef;jyKp?k ysKd ;axmif
ay;&efarwåm&yfccH ahJ Mumif;od&onf/ 0efBu;D csKy[
f ek ;f idik ;f OD;aqmifonfU tzGYJ
onf azazmf0g&v
D (3)&ufaeheeH uf(8)em&Dct
JG csed w
f iG f rif;wyfNrKd eY ,f c&pf
,mef *dP
k ;f aygi;f pHEk iS hf rif;wyfEpS jf cif;toif;awmf&;kH cef;wGif awGq
Y ckH MhJ ujcif;
jzpfonf/xdo
k hkd rif;wyfNrKd eY ,f&dS c&pf,mef*P
kd ;f aygi;f pHak wGq
Y jkH cif;onf 'kw,
d
tBurd jf zpfaMumif;ESihf xdo
k ahkd wGq
Y jkH cif;\ t"du&nf&,
G cf surf mS bmoma&;
vkyif ef;vkyaf eolrsm;taejzifh bmoma&;vkyif ef;wifrubJ rdr&d yf&mG a'o
wGif&SdMuonfh vli,fvl&G,frsm;udk tusifhpm&dwÅydkif;? ynma&;ydkif;?
txl;ojzifh rdrdjynfe,fudktusdK;jyKaprnfUvli,frsm; ay:xGef;vmap&ef
0dik ;f 0ef;jyKp?k ysKd ;axmifay;Muyg&eftxl; arwÅm&yfcaH Mumif; ajymMum;oGm;
onf[kod&onf/ xdktjyifc&pf,mefbmoma&; taqmufttHkrsm;ESifh
ywfowfí ajrydkifqdkifrItaxmufxm; (105-106) &NyD; vdktyfaom
tcsuftvufrsm;jynfUpHkygu wpfygwfwGif;aqmufvkyfcGifhay;oGm;rnf
jzpfaMumif; jyóem&Sdaomajrjzpfygu aqmufvkyfcGifhay;rnf r[kwf
aMumif;ajymMum;cJhNyD; bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;\ar;jref;csufrsm;udk jyef
vnfajzMum;cJo
h nf/ ,if;awGq
Y ykH w
JG iG f csi;f jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf yl;[ke;f idik ;f
tyg0if? vrf;yrf;qufoG,fa&;0efBuD;yl;iGefqef;atmif? pnfyif0efBuD;
yl;edeEf ikd ;f ? pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;0efBu;D yl;Aefaxmif;? opfawma&;&m0efBu;D yl;ausmNf ird ;f
wdkhwufa&mufcJhMuNyD; awGYqHkyGJtNyD;wGif0efBuD;csKyf[kef;idkif;rS aiGusyf
rdk;yD;armif
(3)odef;wdwdvSL'gef;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
csif;trsdK;om;aehwGif
tpdk;&ausmif;rS(10)wef;ausmif;ol^om;rsm;
pmar;yGJajzqdkrnfUtcsdefZ,m;
jyefvnfjyifqifowfrSwf
csif;jynfe,fwGif vufzuftxGuf
ig;qcefYwdk;&ef arSsmfvifh[k awmifolrsm;qdk
csif;jynfe,fwGif vufzuf
txGufEIef; (5)qwdk;yGm;&ef
aqmif&u
G f aeaMumif; jynfe,f
\ vufzuf t"duxGuf&Sd&m
wD ; wd e f N rd K Y e ,f ? a'gvf v G m if
a'orS tkycf sKyaf &;rSL; OD;axmif
cefhcGmvfu csif;a0gvfodkY ajym
onf/ ]bdk;bGm;ydkifawG&,f?
Edik if aH wmf&UJ vufzufpu
kd yf sKd ;a&;
pDru
H ed ;f awG&,faMumifh vmr,fh
ig;ES p f t wG i f ; rS m jynf e ,f & J Y
vuf z uf x G u f E I e f ; u ig;q
avmuf wd;k vmEdik yf gw,f} [k
4if ; uqd k o nf / 2000 ck E S p f
aemuf y d k i f ; csif ; jynf e ,f u d k
vufzufjynfe,f jzpf&rnf[k
qdkum tpdk;&rS pDrHudef;rsm;
csrS w f a qmif & G u f c J h a Mumif ;
od&onf/ vuf&Sd a'gvfvGmif
a'o\ wpfESpfvufzufxGuf
EIe;f rSmtajcmufyó
d m (4000)
rS (8000)xd&SdNyD; wpfydóm
vSsif (3000-4000) usyf&Sd
aMumif;od&onf/ aps;uGu0f if
vufzufyifjzpfvmap&ef (5)
ESpfrS(7)ESpfcefYtxd apmifh&NyD;
wpfEpS v
f sS if tenf;qH;k (2)Burd f
cl ; Mu&aMumif ; od & onf /
a'gvfvGmif a'owGif t"du
xGuu
f ek t
f jzpfvufzufajcmuf
wpfrsdK;wnf;jzpfNyD; vufzufpdk
rjyKvkyfEdkifao;aMumif; od&
onf/ vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;
aumif; rGefvmygu vufzuf
aps;uGuf ydkrdkus,fjyefhvmEdkif
rnf[k a'ocHvufzufpdkuf
awmifow
l pfO;D uqdo
k nf/
xefpGrf;vsH(uav;)
jynfe,ftpd;k &u A[dt
k pd;k &xH
pmwifco
hJ nft
h wGuf csi;f trsKd ;
om;aehwiG f ajzqdrk nfh ausmif;
ol^om; rsm;\tcsed Zf ,m;tm;
jyef v nf a jymif ; ay;vk d u f
NyDjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
,ckvazazmf0g&DwGif tv,f
wef;tqifhrsm;rSm 26 &ufaeh
wG i f twef ; wif p mar;yG J
ajzqd k & rnf j zpf a omf v nf ;
twef;wifpmar;yGJr[kwfbJ
tprf;pmar;yGjJ zpfonfh oH;k em&D
ar;cGef;ajzqdkrnfh q,fwef;
ausmif;ol^om;rsm;rSm 4if;wdkh
pmar;yGJajzqdkonfh aemufqHk;
aehonfcsif;trsdK;om;aehESifh
wd k u f a ecJ h a Mumif ; od & onf /
4if;udpöESifh ywfowfNyD; ouf
qdkif&mvTwfawmftrwf
rsm;rSwqifhjynfe,ftpdk;&odkh
wif j ycJ h a omf v nf ; A[d k r S
owfrSwfonfh aehjzpfaom
aMumifh jynfe,ftpdk;taejzifh
ajymif;vJ&efcufc[
J k taMumif;
jyefonf[kod&NyD; 4if;udpöESifh
ywfowNfyD;q&m^rtcsdKY pdwf
raumif;jzpfc&hJ aMumif;od&onf/
]ud,
k t
hf rsKd ;om;aehrmS awmift
pd k ; &pmar;yG J u sif ; y&wm
wu,fukd pdwrf aumif;p&myJ?
'gayr,ft
h ckvjdk yefvnfajymif;
vJjyifqifay;wJt
h wGuf q&mr
wdkhtyg0ifausmif;ol ^om;
awGvnf;t&rf;0rf;omMuw,f}
[ktxufwef;jy q&mrwpf
OD;uajymonf/ jynfe,ftpd;k &
ud k o uf q d k i f & m vT w f a wmf
trwfrsm;xH rSwpfqifh wifjy
aomf v nf ; ol i ,f w ef ; ES i f h
cdk;0ifb*FgvD (8)OD;udk axmif'Pfig;ESpftoD;oD;csrSwf
csif;jynfe,f zvrf;NrdKYwGif
cdk;0ifb*FgvDrsm;\ w&m;r0if
e,f p yf j zwf a usmf rI c if ; ud k
azazmf0g&Dv (7)&uf 2013
eHeuf 11;30em&DwiG f zvrf;NrKd Y
e,f w&m;½Hk;rS trdefYcsrSwf
vdu
k f NyjD zpfaMumif; owif;&&Sd
onf/ w&m;vdrk mS zvrf;NrKd eY ,f
v0u OD;pD;rSL; OD;iGef0kefjzpfNyD;
w&m;cHrsm;jzpfaom azGwDZm
avmif (27ESpf)? a&SmfbD&mref
(32ESpf)? azG&m pvrf(40ESpf)?
rd[
k mruf qmv rGwf (30ESp)f ?
rdo
k &D mS ;&f (20ESp)f ? Zdik ef aD vmuf
(45ESpf)? zGefem'vD (32ESpf)?
El&fabm&Sm; (20ESpf) wdkYtm;
1947 ckEpS f jrefrmEdik if H vl0ifrI
BuD ; Muyf a &; (vwf w avm
jyXmef;csufrsm;) tufOya'
yk'fr 13(1)t& axmif'Pf
ig;ESpfpDuscHap&ef trdefhcsrSwf
jcif;jzpfaMumif; owif;&&So
d nf/
tqdyk g cd;k 0if b*FgvD (8)OD;tm;
'DZifbm 26? 2012 &ufaeY
wGif zvrf;NrdKYrS 8 rdkifcefYa0;
aom ZmoD;&f (Zathlir) &GmwGif
zrf;rdjcif;jzpfonf/ w&m;½Hk;u
csrSwfaom axmif'PfrS csKyf
&ufrsm;udk xkwEf w
k cf pH m;cGijhf yK
onf[kowif; &&Sdygonf/
Asufykrf
5
yxrwef;udkom csif;trsdK;
om;aehwGif rajzqdk&ef cGifhjyK
cJhNyD; q,fwef;udkrl A[dkrS
owfrw
S o
f nfqo
kd nft
h aMumif;
jycsufjzifh rvkdufavsmEkdifcJh
aMumif;qufqo
kd nf/ ,cifEpS f
rsm;wGio
f il ,fwef;? yxrwef;
ESihf q,fwef; ausmif;ol^om;
rsm; rSm azazmf0g&DwGif ajz&
aomfvnf; (20)&ufaehwGifrl
pmar;yGrJ ajz&aMumif;? odahk omf
rESpfu oli,fwef;ESifh yxr
wef; ausmif;ol^om;rsm; (20)
&ufaehwGifajz&aMumif; od&
onf/ xkdhtjyif 19 &ufaeh
pmar;yGNJ y;D Ekid &f ef(1)&ufBuKd wif
ajzqdkjcif;rsdK;vnf; jyKvkyfcJh
aMumif;? jynfe,frS owfrSwf
aom azazmf0g&D (20)&ufurkd l
pmar;yGaJ jzqd&k efa&SmifcahJ Mumif;?
pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;onfvnf;
wpfjynfe,fvHk;twkdif;twm
xkwo
f nfh ar;cGe;f rsKd ;r[kwb
f J
rdrdausmif;\q&m^rrsm;uom
xkwfonfh ar;cGef;jzpfaMumif;
txufwef;jyq&mrwpfOD;\
ajymjycsuf t&od & onf /
xefwvefNrdKYrS jynfe,fvTwf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,fyl;&dkbifu
]'Dupd u
ö Reaf wmfvnf; tawmf
pdwfraumif;bl;? A[dkuvm
wmjzpfwt
hJ wGuf jynfe,fuyJ
pdwfBudKuf jyifqifcGifhr&Sdvdkh
jynfe,f 0efBu;D csKyv
f nf; pdwf
raumif;wmawGY&w,f}’ [k
ajymjyonf/xefwvefjynfolY
vT w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f
yD;ZmwvJrfxHrSwpfqifh A[dk
odkh pmwifxm;aMumif;quf
ajymonf/,ckuJhodkh csif;trsdK;
om;aehwGif pmar;yGJajzqdkjcif;
rjyK&ef jyef v nf t aMumif ;
Mum;pmudk azazmf0g&Dv (14)
&ufaeUwiG w
f &m;0ifMum;&aMumif;
txufwef;jyq&mrwpfOD;u
ajymonf//csi;f trsKd ;om;ygwt
D
axGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;qvkdif;
uJstb
kd cd af xmifrS ]twef;wif
pmar;yGJvnf;r[kwf pretest
ud k a wmif r S jynf e ,f t pd k ; &
upD r H c G i f h r&S d a wmh b l ; vm;?
wuúodkvftqifhwdkh? twef;
wifwdkhqdk&if xm;vkduftHk;?
'D [ mav;awmif r S A[d k u
qd k w mjzpf r aeoif h b l ; /'D q H k ;
jzwfcsufudkjynfe,f tqifhrSm
&Sdoifhwmjzpfw,f A[dkudkyJ
apmifhae&if bmtvkyfvkyf
awmh r S m vJ ? tJ v k d r sd K ;qd k & if
uReaf wmfwv
hkd cdk siw
f hJ zuf'&,f
qdw
k mtvSr;f a0;ae ao;w,f
qdkwmjrifae&w,f} [kajym
Mum;onf/t&SdKcsif;trsdK;om;
ygwDtaxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;
qvkdif;atmifrif;vSdKifrSvnf;
]2008 tajccH Oya'[mjynf
axmifpkpepfudk oGm;aew,f
qdkwm tckvkdrsdK; jynfe,f
tpd;k &&Jt
U ao;rTm; udpaö wGtp
csKyfudkifwmudk Munfhjcif;tm;
jzif h t rS e f r [k w f bl ; qd k w m
jyaew,f/jynfe,fay;xm;wJh
tmPm[m b,f avmufedrfh
usvJ q d k w m axmuf j yae
w,f} [k csif;a0gvfrD'D,m\
ar;jref;csufudk ajzMum;oGm;
onf/
salai Hung Tun Gei
Vol. 1, No.3
tar&duef r&def;wyf\ AdkvfrSL;tqifh&Sd
csif;wdkif;&if;om; yl;AefvseftkyfESifh awGYqHkjcif;
CW -jref r mjynf j yef v m&wJ h
&nf&G,fcsufav;ajymjyay;yg/
Ad k v f r S L ;-jref r mjynf j yef v m&
wJ h & nf & G , f c suf u awmh M
hawai toch Commander
XmecsKyf&JY tvkyfudpöeJhvm
wmyg/ tJ'Dudpöuawh'kwd,
urÇ m ppf u aoqH k ; oG m ;wJ h
ppf o m;awG & J Y t½d k ; t<uif ;
tuseaf wG ud&k mS azGw;l azmfa&;?
'DEpS pf wifw;l azmfzt
hkd wGupf pD Of
xm;w,fqdkawmh tJ'Dtvkyf
twG u f v k d t yf r ,f h ypö n f ;
tqifq
h ifh vkyzf t
hkd wGuf vrf;
aMumif;yGifhatmif vmvkyf&
wmjzpfw,f/
b,fvdk
a&mufcJhNyD;awmh b,fvdkeJh
ppf w yf u d k a &muf o G m ;cJ h w ,f
qdkwmajymjyygtHk;/
Adv
k rf LS ;-1986atmufwb
dk mrSm
a&muf w ,f / ppf w yf u d k a wmh
2000 ckESpfrSm a&mufwm
jzpfw,f/b,fvkdyHkpHeJhoGm;cJh
vJqdkawmh 1985 rSm taz
jcm;tjzpf avhvmcGifhawG&
vmNyD/ ygawmh ryg0ifEkdifao;
bl;/ 'gayr,fah vhvmol tae
eJU tar&duefu tcGifha&;ay;
vmNyq
D akd wmh aemufq&kd ifb,f
vkdyJjzpfjzpfjrefrmEkdifiHeJhESpfEkdifiH
cspfMunfa&;ppfa&;avhusifhrI
awGvkyfvmzdkh arQmfrSef;csuf
trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
taumifxnfazmfzdkhawmhMum
tHk;r,f/
i,fyD;+[kef;xGef;a*
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm ppfAdkvfwpfOD;
jzpfczhJ ;l awmh ol&Y aYJ ehpOfvyk if ef;
awG udMk unfNU y;D tm;uscw
hJ ,f/
'gayr,fh tar&dua&mufomG ;
awmh ppfom;todkif;t0ef;eJh
raeawmhbl;qdkawmh ppfwyf
xJu0kd ifzUkd tpDtpOf r&Scd yhJ gb;l /
'gayr,f h ausmif ; NyD ; awmh
ukrÜPDawGrSm tvkyf0ifvkyf
&if; tar&duefrSm ppfAdkvfrSL;
b,fvkdjzpfvmw,f qdkwm
tifwmeufxJuae MunfU&if;
pdwf0ifpm;NyD; usaemfvnf;0if
vkyfvkdh&wmyJ vkdhxifwmeJh
0ifcGifh&zdkh enf;vrf;&SmcJhwmyg/
CW-AdkvfrSL;tqifhxd
CW-
CW-
tqifh
qifh&mxl;wufvmyHkudkvnf;
rQa0ygtHk;/
Adv
k rf LS ;- r&de;f wyfom;awGq&kd if
bG&YJ wJo
h al wGr0S if&w,f/ 0ifNy;D
&if q,fywfoifwef;wuf&
w,f/ tJ'gNy;D &if 'kAv
kd &f w,f/
'kAv
kd u
f ae yxrAdv
k &f zdUk ESpEf pS f
wdwdMumw,f/ AdkvfBuD;&zdkh
ESpfESpfcGJMumw,f/ AdkvfBuD;u
ae AdkvfrSL;&zdkh aemufxyf 6
ESpfwdwdMumw,f/tckAdkvfrSL;
&wm 2011 Mo*kwv
f qdak wmh
q,fhwpfESpfavmuf Mumwm
aygh/
CW-
AdkvfrSL;u yifw*GefeJY
r&def;wyfrSm pasific division
&JY action officer vkdhodxm;&
w,f/ Adv
k rf LS ;&JY t"du wm0ef
,lrItydkif;udk odcsifygw,f/
Ad k v f r S L ;- 'D v k d a wmh & S d w ,f
uRefawmfwdkh&JY 8syefEkdifiH vHkNcHK
a&;? cspfMunfa&;t& pmcsKyf
csKyfwJhtay:rSm rlwnfNyD;tck
tdu
k eD m0guRe;f rSm&Sw
d hJ r&dr;f wyf
tzGJYtcsdKYudk olwdkhtar&duefeJh
*syefEpS Ef idk if o
H abmwlncD sut
f &
wyfom; 5000 udk tdkuDem0g
uRef;uae ajymif;zdkh tpDtpOf
&S d w ,f / tJ ' gud k b,f v k d
taumif x nf a zmf & rvJ ?
b,fvv
dk yk rf ,f? b,fae&mrSm
pcef;csr,fqw
kd mrsKd ; aqmif&u
G f
&w,f/ taumiftxnfazmfwhJ
ae&mrSm vG,fw,fxif&ay
r,fh vufawGYvkyfaqmifwJh
tcg *syefEkdifiHeJh n§d&w,f?
tpd k ; &eJ h v nf ; n§ d & w,f /
XmecsKyftaeeJh vnf;b,fol
awGb,frSm ajymif;&r,fqdk
wJh[mrsdK; tukefvHk;n§d&w,f/
CW-tar&duefudk
Ad k v f r S L ;&J Y t ar&d u ef
ppf o m;wpf a ,muf t aeeJ Y
omrefwpfaehwm jzwfoef;rIukd
odcsifygw,f/
AdkvfrSL;-tckusawmhvkyfief;
uawmh ppfwdkufwJh pcef;eJh
rqdkifbl;/ ½Hk;rSmyJxdkifw,f
qdkawmh &Hk;udpöawGudkyJ pDpOf&
tar&d u ef p pf w yf e J h
jref r mppf w yf p pf a &; yl ; wG J
avhusiahf wmhr,fqNkd y;D owif;
awG xGufaewm Mum;&w,f/
tJ'Dtay: AdkvfrSL;b,fvkdjrif
ovJ/
AdkvfrSL;- tJ'guawmh aumif;
ygw,f/ uRefawmfh atmufu
CW-tar&d u a&muf
qH;k oGm;awmh tar&JY nDrwdu
Yk
ta0;rSm&SdwJhtcsdef jzpfw,f/
olwdkhrSmuav; r&SdMuawmh
uReaf wmfwu
hkd kd arG;pm;zdahk c:jcif;
jzpfw,f/uRefawmf&,f uRef
awmf h nD r av;wpf a ,muf
&,f? tpfudkwpfa,muf&,f
a&muf o G m ;jcif ; jzpf w ,f /
tar&duefrSm 8 wef;uae
ausmif;pwufjzpfw,f/
CW-ppfom;b0udk
b,fvkd
aMumifha&G;cs,fcJhwmvJ/
AdkvfrSL;- jrefrmEkdifiHrSmaewkef;
ppfom;todkif;t0ef;rSm aecJh
wm&,f? uRefawmfhOD;av;[m
w,f/wpfaeukef &H;k rSmyJ xdik &f
w,f/ 'gayr,fh wpfESpfudk
wpfBudrf avhusifhcef;qif;&
w,f/ aoewfypfwmwkdh tyg
0ifaygh/ ppfwdkufwJh ppfom;
awGusawmh wpf&ufwpfcg
avhusifhcef;qif;&w,f/ &Hk;yJ
wufawmh vufeufrudkif&
bl;/ &H;k wufw,fqw
kd m raysmf
bl;/ bmvdkhvJqdkawmh pdwf
taESmifUt,SufawGrsm;w,f/
uRefawmfhtaeeJh &Hk;rxdkifbJ
ppfpcef;rSmaeNyD; vkdtyfwJh
vkyfief;vkyf&wm? taumif
txnfazmf &wmrsKd ;udk ydBk uKd uf
w,f/
csif ;
awGtay: tar&duefa&muf
csif;AdkvfrSL;taeeJholwdkhtay:
tjrifav;odcsifygw,f/
Ad k v f r S L ;- csif ; vl i ,f a wG e J U
awGw
Y t
hJ cg tNraJ jymjzpfygw,f/
ppfwyfrSmb,fvdktcGifhta&;
&SdwJhtaMumif;awGaygh? trsm;
pkuawmh tvkyfyJ vkyfNyD;
awmh ausmif ; quf w uf z d k h
rpOf ; pm;Mubl ; / tvk y f o H k ;
av;ckvkyfNyD; ydkufqH&SmzkdhyJ
od M uw,f / ppf w yf b uf & J Y
tawG Y t BuH K awG u d k v nf ;
ajymjyayr,fh olwdkhpdwfxJrSm
awmhr&SdMubl;/jrefrmEkdifiHrSm
aevmwm MumNyD q d k a wmh
tJ'jD refrmEkid if &H YJ ppfom;awGvdk
xifawmh aMumufwmrsKd ;vnf;
awG&Y w,f/ avhusichf ef; rvkyf
Ek d i f r S m pd k ; &d r f M uwmvnf ;
awGY&w,f/ ar;awmhar;Mu
ayr,fh b,forl rS 0ifMuygb;l /
CW- tar&duefppfom; jzpfzhkd
0yfrmS aewke;f uvJ teD;em;jzpf
wJx
h ikd ;f ? uarÇm'D,m;? tif'ekd ;D
&Sm;? zdvpfydkifwdkheJh ppfa&;avh
usifhrI awGtjyiftjcm;ppfwyf
zufeq
J idk w
f [
hJ mawGvyk cf w
hJ ,f/
usawmhpdwfxJrSm tNrJwrf;
&Sdwmuvnf; wjcm;EkdifiHawG
eJhppfa&;avhusifhrIawG jyKvkyf
NyD; jrefrmEdkifiHeJhuawmh rvkyf
Ekdifbl;qdkwm pdwfxJrSmtNrJ
wrf;&SdcJhw,f/ tpdk;& taeeJh
vnf; ajymif;vJvmNyD? tukef
awmh tqifrajyao;bl;aygh/
'Dvukef xkdif;EkdifiHrSmusif;y
r,fh Cobra Gold rSmvnf;
jrefrmEkdifiHppfAdkvfawG tydkif;
6
ppf w yf x J 0 if E k d i f z d k h b,f v k d
t&nfcsif;awGvkdrvJ/
AdkvfrSL;-udk,fcE¨mydkif; jynfUpHk
&r,f/ t"du pm&Gufpmwrf;?
txuf w ef ; atmif pm&G u f
pmwrf;awG? omref ppfom;awG
twGuf Ekid if o
H m;jzpfzrhkd vkb
d ;l /
w&m;0ifaexdik cf iG &hf wJh pm&Guf
pmwrf;awG? tJ'pD m&Gupf mwrf;
awGpHk&if 0ifcGifhajzvkdh&w,f/
olwUkd owfrw
S x
f m;wJUh bmom
&yfuakd jz&w,f/ tJ't
D rSwrf mS
rl w nf N yD ; ol b ,f t yd k i f ; rS m
vkyu
f ikd Ef idk rf vJqw
kd m owfrw
S f
xm;wm&Sdw,f/
CW-tar&duefAdkvfrI;taeeJh
csif ; jynf t wG u f jzpf a pvk d
wJhtem*gwftdyfruf/
AdkvfrSL;- i,fi,fuwnf;u
csi;f jynfe,frmS Bu;D ysi;f vmawmh
csif;jynfe,fu tajctae
raumif;qHk;ayghaemf/ tpdk;&u
vnf; ody*f &krpdu
k w
f hJ e,fajr
qdak wmh 0efav;rdygw,f/ avm
avmq,fawmh vkyaf y;Ekid w
f m
r&Sad o;bl;/ tar&d ueftpd;k &
tay: wm0ef c H & wJ h t yd k i f ;
jzpfwJhtwGuf tJ'Dydkif;odyf0if
rygEkdifbl;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf wdk;
wufapcsifwmaygh/ csif;jynf
e,fut
kd "du tpd;k &u *&kpu
kd f
zdv
hk w
dk ,f/ a'ocHawGu,
kd w
f ikd f
t&rf;vkyfEkdifzdkh cufw,fqdk
awmhav/ EkdifiHjcm;uulnDcsif
&ifawmif tpdk;&eJhtrsm;BuD;
oufqikd af o;wmud;k /
CW-
a&Sw
Y ef;ppfajrjyif tawGY
tBuKH&Sd&ifvnf;odcsifygw,f/
AdkvfrSL;- a&SYwef;oGm;wmu
uReaf wmf2006azazmf0g&u
D ae
atmufwkdbmvxd ajcmufv
ud k tD & wf r S m wm0ef x rf ;
aqmif&ygw,f/ tJ'rD mS aemuf
wef;uae tD&wfppfajrjyif
rSmvkdtyfwJh ppfvufeufawG
pDraH y;&w,f/ ppfwifu
h m;awG
vufeufawGukd b,fvkdpDpOf
ay;&rvJ b,fvw
dk m0ef,al y;
&rvJqkdwmrsKd;awGukd ajcmuf
vvk H ; vk H ; vk y f a y;&w,f /
tmz8ef e pö w ef r S m 2011
Zef e 0g&D u ae Zl v k d i f v xd
ajcmufvyJ/ uRefawmfoGm;cJh
wJhae&mu tmz8efepöwef&JY
ajrmufyidk ;f jynfe,frmS yg/ tJ'rD mS
tar&duef r&def;wyfzGJYpcef;
tBuD;BuD;wpfck&Sdw,f/ tJ'D
ywf0ef;usif&JY sources and
help 'grr
S [kwf ppfom;awGukd
logistic supportvkya
f y;&w,f/
CW-
csif ; a0gvf r S w pf q if h
pmzwfolrsm;udk ajymcsifwm
av;/
AdkvfrSL;- xl;xl;jcm;jcm;awmh
r&Sdygbl;/ udk,fhvlrsdK;awGb,f
ae&myJa&mufa&muf BudK;pm;
apcsiw
f ,f/ ud,
k ahf 'oudak wmh
arh r oG m ;apcsif b l ; / b,f
avmuf y J tjcm;Ek d i f i H o m;
cH , l y gap ud k , f h r l v eJ h a wmh
rwlEkdifygbl;/ udk,fBuD;jyif;
&mawmh rarhzdkh ta&;BuD;
aMumif; ajymvkdygw,f/
aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
udk,fa&;tusOf;
trnf&if;
rdb
- Major Darryl P. Lamberth
- Rev. Charles Hrang Khum
& Pi Vum Thiam
ynmt&nftcsif; - M.S (International Relation)
Zmwd
arG;ouú&mZf
ZeD;^om;orD;rsm;
-
zvrf;
ar 8? 1973
Charity Thian Rem Mawi
orD;(1)a,muf? om;(3)a,muf
16 February 2013
csif;trsdK;om;aeh tay:olwdkh\rSwfcsufpum;rsm;
rif;ukdEkdif
(88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;)
vl r sd K ;wk d i f ; rS m
trsdK;om;aehqkdwm&Sdygw,f
udkudkBuD;
(88rsdK;qufausmif;om;)
wdkif;&if;om;awG
rSm wef;wltcGifUta&;&Sd&yg
r,f/ wef;wltcGifUta&;qdk
&mrSm EdkifiHa&;? vlrIa&;eJh
pmay,Ofaus;rIawGrmS yg &S&d
rSmyg/ wdik ;f &if;om;pmay,Of
aus;rItydkif;rSmu wkdif;&if;
om;awGtaeeJh udk,fwdkifu
tusyftwnf;Mum;xJuudk
tm;xkwfaerSyJjzpfrSmyg/ NyD;
awmh jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;
om;awGtm;vHk;0dkif;NyD;awmh
tJawmh uReaf wmfwYdk wkid ;f &if;
om;vlrsdK;jzpfwJh csif;trsdK;
om;aehrmS vn;f csi;f trsKd ;om;
awG wpf o uf v k H ; &csif w J h
uReaf wmfwYdk jynfaxmifpBk u;D
xJrmS tcGit
hf a&;wef;wlnrD Q
&zkdY vIyf&Sm;&kef;uefaeMu&
wmawGudk uReaf wmfwt
Ydk od
trSwjf yKygw,f/ tJ'gawG[m
w&m;rSswjcif;? vGwv
f yfjcif;?
wef;wlnDrSsjcif; okH;csufeJY
tajccHNyD; tjrefqkH; tJ'D
yef;wkdifukd a&mufygapvkdY
uGsefawmf qE´jyKygw,f/
vk y f a qmif & rJ U u @awG r S m
vnf ; Armud k t pOf t vm
jrifwJU csOf;uyfrIrsdK;eJh rjrifbJ
tm;vH;k rdom;pkawGvykd J 0dik ;f 0ef;
aqG;aEG; &Mu&r,fvhkd ajymcsif
ygw,f/
OD;EdkifaiGodrf;
(rGef'Drdkua&pDygwD)
t&ifuqdk&if csif;trsdK;om;
aeh usif;yzdkhtwGuf tcuf
tcJawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/
'gayr,fU,ckESpf csif;trsdK;
om;aehrSmawmh t&ifuvdk
tcuftcJ taESmifUt,Suf
r&Sb
d eJ hJ pnfum;atmifjrifpmG
usif;yEdkifygap/
OD ; ombef ; (&cd k i f t rsd K ;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf)
csi;f eJ&h cdik u
f teD;qH;k awGyaJ v?
Arakan Hill Tribe, Chin
k ekd eD ,fcsYJ
Hill Tribe qdNk y;D udv
vufatmufrmS aevmcJMUuwm/
Ny;D awmUuReaf wmfwu
hkd wef;wl
tcGit
Uf a&;ukv
d ckd sicf MUJuwmyg/
cGJxGufa&;udk vdkcsifcJUMuwm
r[kwfygbl;/ ajymcsifwmu
awmh ppfreS w
f jUJ ynfaxmifpk &zdhk
oEédXmefcsNyD; BudK;pm; Muygvdkh/
OD;rif;ausmf0if;
(rGef'Drdkua&pDygwD)
uRef a wmf w d k h j ynf
axmif p k w d k i f ; &if ; om;awG & J Y
t"d u arQmf r S e f ; csuf j zpf w J U
zuf'&,ftxd uRefawmfwdkh
twl w uG tvk y f v k y f M u&
atmif / csif ; trsd K ;om;awG
pkpk&Hk;&Hk;eJh zGH Y NzdK;wdk;wufa&;
OD;wnfcsufudk uRefawmfwdkh
rGeftrsdK; om;awGtygt0if
wd k i f ; &if ; om;awG tm;vH k ;
vufwGJcsDwuf oGm;Muygr,f/
OD;*ifurfvsef
(ZdkrD;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf)
csi;f trsKd ;om;eJyh wfoufNy;D
csif ; trsd K ;om;aeh u yif v H k
oabmwlnDcsuft& udk,fU
a'ou jynfolvlxk BudKuf
ESpfoufwJh yk*d¾KvfawGuaygh
aemf/ &yfuGufaus;&GmtkyfcsKyf
a&;NrdKYe,ftvkduf tkyfcsKyfa&;
tmPm&Sd&r,fqdkwm ay:vm
w,fav/ bmvdkhvJqdkawmh
tJ'g0rf;omw,f/ 'gayr,fU
,aeh c sif ; trsd K ;om; aeh u
ya'o&mZf p epf u d k awmf
vSefEdkifayr,fU ppftmPm&Sif
pepfukd rausmv
f eG Ef ikd af o;bl;/
yifvo
kH abmwlncD suu
f kd quf
vufxrf;yd;k Muzdhk vli,fwikd ;f rSm
wm0ef&w
dS ,fqw
kd m csi;f a0gvf
rD',
D muwpfqifah jymvdyk gw,f/
OD;cGefxGef;OD;
(&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf)
uReaf wmfw&hdk rS ;f awGcpH m;&ovkd
csif ; awG v nf ; cH p m;&w,f /
tJvdkcHpm;&wJh[mawGyaysmuf
atmif cHpm;csufawGxkwfazmf
NyD;awmh ppfrSefwJhjynfaxmifpk
BuD ; ud k o G m ;Mu&atmif v d k h
csif ; a0gvf r D ' D , muwpf q if h
csif ; jynf o l a wG u d k a jymcsif y g
w,f/
Chin Hill regulation act
uuReaf wmfwhdk aqGpOfrsKd ;quf
tkyfcsKyfwJhpepf jzpfaew,f/
tJ ' gawmf v S e f vd k u f w m/
OD;ydkufvif;
yvuf0NrdKYe,f
jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf?
yxrtBurd f jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf
udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;taejzifh
2013ckEpS f csi;f trsKd ;om;aeYoYkd
trSmpum;yg;cGifh&ojzifh *kPf
,l0rf;ajrmufygonf/ csi;f trsKd ;
om;aeYonf awmifay:aecsif;
rsm;ESifh ajrjyefYaecsif;wdkif;&if;
om;rsm;tzd k Y rarh t yf a om
ordkif;0ifaehjzpfygonf/ csif;
trsdK;om;aeYESifh ywfoufí
rd r d w d k h \ oabmxm;tjrif
trsKd ;rsKd ;&SMd urnfreS af omfvnf;
aemifrsKd ;qufopfcsi;f vli,frsm;
\ rdrdtrsdK;udkcspfpdwfrSonf
jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;rsm;
cspfpdwfodkh wkd;wufzGHY NzdK; arG;
NrLvmEdkifa&;udk arQmfrSef;vsuf
taumif;jrif0g'udck ,
H &l ygrnf/
a&S;,cifu wdkhcsif;
wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;onf rsKd ;EG,pf k
tvdu
k f aus;&Gm? aus;&Gmtkypf k
rsm;zGJY í MoZm&Sdolrsm;u OD;
aqmifO;D &Gujf yKprD t
H yk cf sKyv
f mMu
onfrS aemiftcgrsKd ;&d;k pOfquf
tkyfcsKyfvmonfU tpOftvm
jzpfco
hJ nfrmS ordik ;f pOfMum&Snf
vmcJyh gonf/ xdo
k hkd OD;aqmiftyk f
pd;k olrsm;uvnf;oufBu;D &G,t
f dk
rsm;\ tBuHOmPfrsm;udk cH,l
usifhoHk;? pDrHtkyfcsKyfMuojzifh
tkycf sKyo
f rl sm; awmfveS yf ek u
f ef
rI ordkif;pOfr&SdcJhyg/ wpfjcm;rsdK;
EG,fpkrsm;u vma&muftEdkfifcH
aESmifh,SufvmvQif ckcHwdkuf
xkwfjcif;om &SdcJhygonf/
aemifwpfacwfajymif;ordik ;f pOfwiG f
csi;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;onfnaD emif
wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;ESit
hf wlvufwJG
um jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&;
twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuonf/
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; 'Drdkua&pD
yl;ay:vQHvGif? rwlyDNrdKY
trsdK;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
1951 ckESpf rif;wyfrSmusif;ywJU csif;
trsdKom;aehrSm EdkifiHawmfor®wu
o0PfvTmay;ydkhcJUNyD; 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek
udk,fwdkif wufa&mufyg0ifcJhzl;ayr,fh
vnf;? usOf;ajrmif;wJh EdkifiHa&;pepfwpf
ckaMumifh 1974 uae 2012 ckEpS t
f xd
(38)ESpfvHk;vHk; csif;trsdK;om;aehtpm;
csif;jynf e,faehtjzpf usif;ycJh&w,f/
csif;vlrsdK;awGu rvkdvm;Muayr,fh
tkycf sKypf rD cH efh cGrJ t
I &tJ't
D wdik ;f yJusi;f y
cJMU u&ygw,f/ 'DEpS f 2013 upNy;D csi;f
trsdK;om;aehtjzpf jyefvnfusif;ycGifh
&MuNyDjzpfvkdh tifrwef0rf;ajrmuf&yg
w,f/ 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;ESihf wdik ;f &if;
om;tcGifhta&;udk tpdk;&opfu pwif
taumiftxnfazmfw,fqw
kd moufao
jyp&mjzpfapygw,f/
csif;trsdK;om;aehpwif
7
OD;wifOD;
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf
yifvHkrSmuwnf;u csif;acgif;
aqmifawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
ygcJUMuw,f/ e*dkuwnf;u
wkid ;f &if;om;awGu Sovereign
State awGyg/ Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;
aecJ U M uwm/ vG w f v yf a &;
aemufydkif;rSmawmU enf;enf;
,HkMunfrIuGJjym;vmcJUMuw,f/
oHo,av;awG&v
dS mMuw,f/
tJ'DtcgrSm wdkif;&if;om;awG
taeeJh rlv&SdcJUwJUt&mudk jyef
awmif;wmw&m;w,f/jyóem
&JY tajzudkaocsm&SmzdkhawmU
vdkw,f/ jyoemay:vmwdkif;
vufeufeJh rajz&Sif;ygeJh/ wef;
wltcGifUta&;wdkh udk,fydkif
jyXmef;cGifUwdkh &Sdukd&Sd&r,f? &udk
&xdkufw,f/
tm;wef(ucsiftEkynm&Sif)
0rf;omygw,f/ ucsifta&;eJh
ywfoufNyD;awmU csif;awG&JY
jynfwiG ;f jynfyu aiGaMu;t&
aomfvnf;aumif;? pdw
f yf ikd ;f qdik f
&mta&aomf v nf ; aumif ;
ulnDaz;rrIawGudk trsm;BuD;
cHpm;&ygw,f/ vHk;0udk tod
trSwjf yKygw,f/ ordik ;f aMumif;
t& nDtpfuakd wGvo
hkd x
d m;Ny;D
awmU bmoma&;t&vnf ;
odyu
f jJG ym;rIr&Sb
d ;l / bmyJjzpfjzpf
csif;eJhucsifwdkhu cGJvdkhr&wJU
nDtpfuakd wGyg/ csi;f trsKd ;om;
aehuv
kd u
dI v
f u
dI v
f v
JS aJS ppreciate
vkyfygw,f/
pepfjzifEh ikd if x
H al xmifrnft
h ajccH
Oya't& trsm;oabmwl
a&G;aumufcH&olu tkyfcsKyf
awmhrnfhpepfudk xdkacwftcg
u rsdK;EG,fpk acgif;aqmifrsm;
u oabmxm;BuD; pGmvufcH
NyD; csif;wdkif;&if;om; (vlxk)
rsm;u 0rf;ajrmufpmG oabmwl
MuonfU 1948 ck? azazmf0g&D
(20)zvrf;NrdKY vlxkpnf;a0;yGJ
(awGq
Y ykH BJG u;D )udk csi;f trsKd ;om;
aeh[o
k wfrw
S cf MhJuonf/xdv
k x
l k
pnf;a0;yGo
J Ehkd ikd if aH wmfacgi;f aqmif
BuD;rsm;vnf; yg0ifMuygonf/
xkpd nf;a0;yGo
J hkd csi;f
0daoowdkif; (9)NrdKYe,frS csif;
rsKd ;EG,pf u
k ,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf
awmifukef;awmifwef;rsm;udk
cufcufcJcJ jzwfausmfa&muf&Sd
vmMuonf / ,cif w pf c grQ
rawGYqHkzl;aom rsdK;EG,fpkrsm;
yxrtBudrfawGYqHkMuonfUaeh
vnf; jzpfygonf/ xdkawGYqHkyGJ
BuD;onf
(1) csif;rsdK;EG,fpkbdk;ab;rsm;?
acgi;f aqmifrsm;? rsLd ;EG,pf u
k ,
dk f
pm;vS,rf sm;\rdwq
f ykH jJG zpfonf/
(2) ,cifbdk;ab;rsm;? rsdK;
EG,pf ak cgi;f aqmifrsm;onf Edik if H
awmfw;kd wufzNHYG zKd ;a&;? wnfwHh
cdkifrma&;twGuf 'Drdkua&pD
pepfEiS t
hf nD a&;qGo
J nfU zGpYJ nf;
yHt
k ajccHOya'udk 0rf;ajrmufpmG
vufcMH uonfaU ehvnf;jzpfonf/
(3) EdkifiHawmfacgif;aqmifrsm;
csif;wdkif;&if;om;tay: ulnD
tm;ay;yl;aygi;f yg0ifonft
U pOf
tvmpwifco
hJ nfah ehjzpfonf/
(4) jrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;
aygi;f pH\
k pdww
f u
l ,
kd w
f o
l abm
wl pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;jyaom
yifvn
kH v
D mcHaehukd xyfavmif;
twnfjyKonfhaehvnf; jzpfyg
onf/
odkhjzpfygí uREkfyfwdkh
onf txufazmfjyyg 0daoo
xl;vSonft
U rSww
f &aeh (csi;f
rsdK;om;aeh)udk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;
om BuKd qykd g0ifqifEo
JT ifv
h aS y
onf/ nDtpfudk tjcm;wkdif;
&if ; om;rsm;ES i f h Ed k i f i H a wmf
acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;\ tm;ay;
yg0ifru
I v
kd nf; vIu
d v
f u
dI v
f v
JS JS
aus;Zl ; wif v suf 'D a eh u d k
pOfqufrjywfxed ;f odr;f Muygp[
hkd k
wdkufwGef;tyfygonf/
ay:ayguf v m&jcif ; taMumif ; &if ; u
e,fcsJYawmfvSefa&;upcJhw,f/ t&if
csi;f jynfe,fa'otoD;oD;rSm tkycf sKyrf I
tmPm&,lxm;MuwJh wdkuftkyf? wdkuf
olBuD;ESifh rsdK;&dk;pOfvm &GmolBuD;awGu
olwdkh&JYtkyfcsKyfrItmPmudk rlaorudkif
awmhbJ jynfot
l rsm;BuKd uf ESpo
f ufwhJ
'Drdkua&pDpepft& tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfay:
aygu&f ef oabmwlonfaU ehjzpfygw,f/
trsm;jynfolu ,cifwdkufolBuD;?
wdkuftkyf? &GmolBuD;apmf bGm;rsm;xHu
tmPmodrf;jcif;rsdK;r[kwfwJhtaMumif;
ud'k aD cwfvil ,frsm;em;vnfapcsiyf gw,f/
Vol. 1, No.3
zGHYNzdK;a&;ukd twef;
tpm;cGw
J t
hJ cg ESprf sK;d &Syd gw,f/
Community development
ESifh
Infrastructural develop-
ment wkdY jzpfygw,f/ vlxkukd
tajccHwJh zGYHNzdK;a&;ESifh wkdif;
jynfukd tajccHwJh zGHYNzdK;a&;vkdY
ajym&atmif a emf / 'D E S p f r sKd ;
pvkH;ukdvnf; vkyfykHvkyfenf;
t& ESprf sK;d jyefc&JG ygw,f/ Topdown development ESifh Bottom-up development jzpf y g
w,f/ txuftrdefYtmPm
awGeYJvkyfwm&,f? NyD;awmh
atmufajcvlxkqE´ESifh vkyf
wm&,fqNdk y;D awmh ajym&atmif
yg/ qk;H jzwfcsuu
f b,fov
l yk f
ovJ qkdwJhtay:rSm MunfUNyD;
awmh cGJjcm;&wmyg/ NyD;awmh
trsKd;tpm;qkdvJ ESpfckjyefcGJ
Ekdifygw,f/ Human Resource
Development ESifh Material
Development wkdhjzpfygw,f/
vlom;&if;jrpfzNYHG zKd ;a&;ESihf ypön;f
ud&d,m zGHYNzdK;a&;vkdY ajym&
atmif txufajymcJhwJh zGHYNzdK;
a&;awG[m olY[meJYol tm;
omcsu?f tm;enf;csuf tukef
&SdMuygw,f/ tajctaeay:
rlwnfNy;D awmhvnf; uGmoGm;Ekid f
ygw,f/ vkt
d yfcsuu
f t"du
pum;ajymygw,f/ 0rf;ukduf
0rf;avsmjzpfaewJh ta&;ay:
umvawGrSmu aq;0g;u,f
q,fa&;ukd Xgeqkdif&mawGu
wk d u f & k d u f v k y f a y;wJ h t cg
taumif;qkH;jzpfygw,f/ qkdvkd
wmuTop-down ESirhf elief wkid ;f
u raumif;wm r[kwfygbl;/
'gayr,f h awmif o l a wG u k d
[kd[mpkdufyg 'D[mpkdufyg qkd
wmrsKd ; usawmh Top-down
pepfu vkH;0raumif;ygbl;/
csi;f jynfe,f[m vufzufjynf
e,f jzpfap&r,fqkdwJh aqmif
yk'fatmufrSm trdefhnGefMum;
csuf a wG e J h &G m om;awG u k d
vufzufpkdufckdif;cJhzl;ygw,f
tJ ' g ratmif j rif c J h y gbl ; /
atmif j rif w ,f q k d & if ck u
csif;jynfe,f vufzufjynf
e,f wu,fjzpfavmufNyaD v/
atmifjrifwJh Top-down pepf
&SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ w&kwfjynfrSm
armfpw
D ek ;f &JY oHrPdprD u
H ed ;f ayg/h
oHrPdpDrHudef;u atmifjrif
aecsdefrSm w½kwfjynfol oef;
aygif;rsm;pGm tiwfab;BuKH
aoqk H ; cJ h M uygw,f / jref r m
wpfjynfvkH;twGuf Muufql
pDrHudef;ESifh twlwlaygh/ 'Dvkd
[mrsKd;rSm Top-down pepfu
vkH;0 tm;enf;csuf&Sdygw,f/
NyD;awmh zGYHNzdK;a&;qkd
wm tusKd;cHpm;cGifhESifh qkdifyg
w,f/ tusKd;cHpm;cGifhtay:rSm
MunfNU y;D awmh 'g wu,fh zGNYH zKd ;
a&; pDru
H ed ;f [kwrf [kwf ajym
vkdY&ygw,f/ tusKd;cHpm;cGifhvkdY
trsKd;om;a&; vIyf&Sm;aewJh csif;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;ESifh qkHawGYwkef;u csif;jynfrSmbmawGjzpfysufovJqkdwmukd uRefawmf
wifjyawmh olu uRefawmfuawmh zGHhNzdK;a&;vkyfief;qkd&if bmrqkdvufcHw,f/ 'gukd qefYusifvIyf&Sm;aeMuwmu vkH;0
axmufrcHbl;vkdY ajymcJhzl;ygw,f/ olxifwmu uRefawmfwkdY vlrItzGJYtpnf;awGu zGHhNzdK;a&; vkyfief;pOfawGukd qefYusifw,f
vkdYyJjzpfrSm aocsmygw,f/ 'gaMumifh zGHhNzdK;a&; tjrifrwlwmav;ukd uRefawmfwifjycsifygw,f/
zGHY NzdK;a&;qkdwm
ajymwJhtcgrSm oufqkdif&m
a'ocHawGukd t"du pOf;pm;
&ygw,f/ vlxt
k wGuf tusK;d
cHpm;cGirhf &S&d if tJ'gu zGNYH zKd ;a&;
r[kwfygbl;/ ausmufpdrf;wGif;
wl;wmu zGHYNzdK;a&;vkdY rac:yg
bl;/ wGif;ykdif&SifolaX; 'grS
r[k w f avmbef ; twG u f
tusKd;tjrwf&Sdayr,fh a'ocH
vlxktwGuf tusKd;tjrwf
r&Syd gb;l / pD;yGg;a&;vkyif ef;wpfck
omjzpfygw,f/ rPdy&l a&um
wm pDrHudef;ukdykHjy&&if tJ'D
a&umwmu vSsyfppf"gwftm;
360 r*¾g0yfxw
k ,
f Nl y;D rdwv
D¦ m
pufrIZkHukd ay;rSmjzpfygw,f/
csif;jynftwGufu 66 r*¾g0yf
avmufyJay;rSmjzpfNyD; (17)
&mckid ;f EIe;f avmufyJ jzpfygw,f/
qnfajrmif; a&oG,fay;&rSm
uvnf; ppfukdif;wkdif; jzpfyg
w,f/ csif;jynf&JY a&jyif {u
6000 ausmu
f a&vTr;f oGm;wJh
ae&mawG? qk;H &I;H &r,fh pm;usuf
ajr? awmif , majrrsm;eS i f h
pm&if tusK;d tjrwfu tenf;
qkH; 50 &mckdifEIef;awmh ausmf
oifhygw,f/ rD;ay;r,fqkdwm
uvnf; MunfUvkdufr,fqkd&if
tvum;ay;rSmrS r[kwfwm?
a&vnf; twlwal yg/h ray;cif
rSmawmif aiGaMu;u aumufcH
xm;NyD;om; trsm;BuD;&SdaeNyD/
'g[m vlxu
k pkd ;D yGg;a&;vmvkyf
wmyJjzpfw,f/ tJ'gudk b,fvdk
zGNYH zKd ;a&;emrnfwyfvYdk &rvJAsm/
ykq
d ;dk wmu a&umwm pDru
H ed ;f
ESifh wGJvmwJh opfxkwfvkyfrI
jzpfygw,f/ a'ocHawG bm
cHpm;&ovJAsm/
Ny;D awmh ckjrefrmhEidk if H
a&; taetxm;uk d v nf ;
MunfUzkdYvkdw,f? 'DcsdefrSm o,H
ZmwawG tukex
f w
k af zmfvu
dk f
r,fqkd&if vlxku wu,f
tusKd;cHpm;zkdY aocsmvm; qkd
wmygyJ/ qkd;usKd;rsKd;pkHuawmh
cHpm;zkdY aocsmygw,f/ rkH&Gm
vufyawmif; aMu;eDprD u
H ed ;f ukd
bmaMumif h txd r cH w mvJ
qkw
d myJ &Si;f &Si;f pOf;pm;vkYd &yg
w,f/ a'ocHawGu olwkdY
epfemwmrkdYvkdY qE´jywmyg/
tpkd;&uawmh vlxkukd um
uG,af y;wmxuf tMurf;zuf
vkdufwmygyJ/ 'gqkd vufy
qvd k i f ; eD a bG ;
awmif;u vlxt
k wGuf wku
d f
&kdufrajymeJY oG,f0Idufenf;eJY
awmif tusKd;cHpm;cGifhr&Sdwm
aocsmoGm;NyDav/ wkdif;jynf
twGuq
f w
dk hJ pmwrf;atmufrmS
jynfolawGu rygvmwwfyg
bl;/ tEå&m,fMum;rSm vlxu
k dk
xm;cJhNyD;awmh ykdufqH&atmif
vkyo
f mG ;wJh vkyif ef;rsK;d u zGNYH zKd ;
a&;rac:Ekdifygbl;/
uRefawmfwkdY csif;
jynfrmS vnf; a>rawmif owåK
wGif;? rPdyl& a&avSmifwrH?
av;NrKd aY &umwm? ewfrawmif
trsKd ; om;O,smOf E S i f h urÇ m
vSncUf &D;oGm;vkyif ef;? uefyuf
vufzufrSmvnf; owåK wl;
azmfrI&Sdw,fvkdY Mum;&ygw,f/
tJ'gawGtm;vkH;ukd zGHYNzdK;a&;
pHcsdefESifhwkdif;vkduf&if &IH;wm
aocsmygw,f/ csif;jynfe,f
ygvD r ef t rwf e J Y uRef a wmf
pum;ajymzl;ygw,f? olajymwm
u rif;wkdYu zGHYNzdK;a&;twGuf
taESmift
h ,Suf wu,fay;wm
yJw/hJ uReaf wmfu vlxt
k wGuf
vlxu
k ,
dk w
f idk f yg0ifq;Hk jzwfw?hJ
vl x k t usKd ; cH p m;cG i f h t wG u f
vkyw
f hJ zGNYH zKd ;a&;qk&d if uReaf wmf
wk d Y tm;ay;ygw,f / tJ ' g
aocsmatmif cif A sm;wk d Y u
pOf;pm;oifyh gw,f/ cifAsm;wku
Yd
vlxu
k ,
dk pf m;vS,af wGyJ vlxk
qE´twkdif; vkyfaqmif&r,fh
vlawGyJr[kwfvm;vkdY ajzcJhyg
w,f/ vlxk&JY &yfwnfrIukd
Ncdrf;ajcmufwJh vkyfief;awGu
zGNYH zKd ;a&;vkYd rowfrw
S Ef idk yf gb;l /
ukvm;wef pDru
H ed ;f
ESihf ywfoufNy;D awmh uReaf wmf
wkdY pum;ajymwJhtcg awmf
awmfrsm;rsm;u tJ'gukd em;
rvnfMuygbl;/ taMumif;u
awmh vrf;rBuD;rajymeJY *spf
um;vrf;awmif csif;jynfe,f
u iwfrw
G af eawmh 'Davmuf
BuD;rm;wJhvrf;rBuD;&Sdwmukdu
0rf;omp&mvkdvkd cHpm;Muyg
w,f/ uRefawmfwkdY pOf;pm;&
rSmu 'Dum;vrf;ukd vlxk
twGuf b,fvt
dk usK;d &Sad tmif
vkyfEkdifrvJqkdwmyg/ tpkd;&
awGu bmay:vpDcsay;xm;
ovJqkdwmu ta&;BuD;yg
w,f/ cku ukvm;jynf olaX;
awGeJY jrefrmjynfolaX;awG?
w&kwftygt0ifaygh? ul;vl;
qufoG,fzkdYavmufyJ&Sdw,f/
ajr,meJY vlrItouf&Sif &yf
wnfrI qkH;&IH;oGm;r,fh a'ocH
vlxku bmrS&p&mr&Sdygbl;/
um;vrf;r &SdwmavmufeJY vl
awGu wkd;wufoGm;a&mvm;
ar;p&m&Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dum;
vrf ; &J Y tusKd ; aus;Zl ; awG
a'ocH a wG u wu,f & &S d
cHpm;vmatmif a'ocHvlxk
b0ukd b,fvkdjr§ifhwifrvJ
qkw
d mvk;H 0r&Scd w
hJ mu jyóem
yg/ cku avSsmfaMu;ray;wm
8
rsm;w,f? ay;&wJhavSsmfaMu;
wcsKd U q k d & if o&uf w pf y if
twGuf usyf 5000 avmuf
yJ/ tJ'Do&ufyif wpfESpfrSm
b,favmuf oD;ovJ? b,f
ES E S p f t xd quf o D ; OD ; rvJ ?
wef;zk;d tm;jzifh b,favmufvJ
tJ o vk d wG u f c suf N yD ; awmh
avSsmfaMu;u ay;oifhwmaygh/
'grSr[kwfvkdY&Sd&ifvnf; avSsmf
aMu; ay;r,fhykHpHukd Oya'
aumif;aumif;jyXge;f Ny;D vlxu
k dk
today;oifw
h ,fav/ vlxu
k
cHyJcHr,f pm;u rpm;&bl; qkd
wm aocsmaeawmh vlxku
vnf; ukd,fhukd,fukd ckcHum
uG,yf idk cf iG &hf w
dS ,fav/ tvG,f
ajym&&if tJ'DpDrHudef;ukd qefY
usif&awmhrSmaygh/ a&G;p&mrS
r&Sad wmhwm/ tJ'gu zGNYH zKd ;a&;ukd
rBuKd uv
f Ydk r[kwyf gb;l ? zGNYH zKd ;a&;
ukd qefYusifwmvnf;r[kwfyg
bl;/
2008 zGJYpnf;ykHt&
u ajrtm;vk;H ukd tpk;d & (Ekid if H
awmf) ykdifqkdifw,fwJh/ vlxk
r[kwfygbl;/ tJ'D&JYtusKd;quf
u vlxyk idk q
f idk rf u
I dk odr;f vku
d f
&wmyJ/ aiGaMu;twGuf vlxk
ykdifqkdifrIukd vk,ufa&mif;pm;
vkdufwJh tjzpfrsKd;yJ/ jynfe,f
tpkd;&qkd&if awmfao;w,f?
vlxkeJY odyfra0;bl;av/ A[kd
qkdwmu vlxkESifh awmfawmf
a0;wJh ae&myg/ vlxktoHu
A[ku
d adk &mufzYdk rvG,b
f ;l / 'Dvdk
xd x d a &muf a &muf A[k d u k d
a&muf&zdS q
Ydk &dk if qE´jyzkyYd &J w
dS ,f
av/ rD ' D , muaewpf q if h
a&mufwmu ykdxda&mufoGm;
Ny/D wu,fq&dk if jynfaxmifpk
wpfckrSm A[kdqkdwmu vlxk
oD;oefrY &Syd gb;l / vlxu
k uk,
d hf
jynfe,ftpkd;& ukd,fpDeJYyg/
jynfe,fawG tm;aumif;vm&if
A[kdu tvkdvkd tm;aumif;
Ny;D om;yg/ Ny;D awmh uReaf wmfwYdk
jrefrmEkdifiHrSmu tpOftvm
t& ajrykdifqkdifrIu wkdif;&if;
om;tcsif ; csif ; Mum; uG m yg
w,f/ txl;ojzifh bk&ifrif;
awG tkyfcsKyfcJhwJh wkdif;jynfu
vlxkawGtwGuf ajr&Sifa&&Sif
u t&ifuwnf;uae bk&if
rif;awGjzpfcJhawmh tpmvG,f
vG,af MuEkid Mf urSmyg/ uReaf wmf
wkdY csif;trsKd;om;wkdYvkd awmif
ay: wkdif;&if;om;awGusawmh
tpOftvmt& ajrykid q
f idk rf u
I
woD;yk*¾v&,f? bkHykdifqkdifrI
&,fqNdk y;D ESprf sK;d ESppf m;&Sw
d myg/
zGYHNzdK;a&; pDrHudef;ESifh ywfouf
vmvkdY&Sd&if tJ'gawGuta&;
Bu;D vmNy/D vlxb
k 0eJY wku
d &f u
dk f
qufpyfwJh[mawG jzpfaewm
ukd;/
'gaMumifh vlxk&Jh
ykdifqkdifrIukd tajccHwJh vlxk
b0ukt
d mrcHcsuaf y;wJh Oya'
txl;ojzifh zGJYpnf;ykH tajccH
Oya'rjzpfoa&GY zGHYNzdK;a&; pDrH
ude;f awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm vlxk
eJY ezl;wkduf'l;wkduf xdyfwkduf
&ifqkdifzkdYu rsm;ygw,f/ vlxk
b0uk d jrif h w if a y;rI r &S d w J h
vkyfief;awG[mqkd&if zGYHNzdK;a&;
vk y f i ef ; vnf ; r[k w f o vk d
vlxkb0ukd xdyg;wJhvkyfief;
rsKd;qkd&if vlxkuawmh tNrJ
umuG,f ckcHMurSmaocsmyg
w,f/ vlxkb0eJY qufpyfNyD;
awmh zGNYH zKd ;a&;ukd em;rvnf&if
zGHYNzdK;a&;vkyfief;tay: tjrif
uGJjym;rIu awmfawmfBuD;vm
rSmyJ/ trSeq
f &dk ifawmh pD;yGg;a&;
ESifh zGHYNzdK;a&;cGJjcm;odjrifzkdY vkdyg
w,f/
qvdkif;eDabG;
16 February 2013
csif;jynfe,fwpfNynfe,fvHk;&Sd aus;&Gmaygif;oHk;q,ftm; {NyDvtNyD;a&zlvHkap&eftwGuf
wm0ef,lrnfU{&ma&Tvif;ukrÜPDjrefrmEkdifiHtxufydik f;wm0efcHOuú|OD;ñGefhvIdifeJhawGYqHjk cif;
ar;/ /yxrqHk;taeeJh
tefu,fhvkyfief;eJhtefu,f&JY
&mxl;wm0efudk odyg&ap/
ajz/ / {&ma&Tvif;aqmuf
vkkyfa&;rSL;ukrÜPDvDrdwufyJ/
txufjrefrmjynfXmecGOJ uú|yg/
vuf&Sd&efukef&Hk;csKyfrSmawmh
'g&dkufwmyg/
ar;/ /{&ma&T v if ; uk r PD & J Y
t"duvkkyfief;ubmjzpfrvJ/
ajz/ /t"duuawmh aqmuf
vkyfa&;vkyfief;? a&ay;a&;
vkyfief;? vQyfppfvkyfief;? vQyf
ppfqdkwm "mwftm;vdkif;? yg0g
vdkif;awGwnfaqmufwmawG
t"duvkkyfw,f/
ar;/ / csif;jynfe,ftpdk;&eJh
yl;aygif;NyD; csif;jynfe,fwpf
jynfe,fv;kH a&zlvzkH v
hkd yk af qmif
r,f v d k h o d & w,f ? jynf e ,f
tpk;d &eJh b,fvpkd Ny;D oabmwl
cJUwmvJ/
ajz/ / yxrqHk;wif'gaygh/
jynf a xmif p k 0 ef B uD ; XmeeJ h
e,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;Xmewdkhu
5? 12? 2012rS m aMu;rH k
owif;pmrSm wif'gac:w,f/
tJ'gudktefu,fwdkh odvkduf
w,f/ tefu,fwu
hkd aqmuf
vkyfa&;vkyfief;qdkawmU wif'g
pNyD;oGif;w,f/ wif'gxkwf
w,f ? tuk e f v H k ; wG u f c suf
w,f/ wGufcsufNyD;a&ay;a&;
vkyfief;vkyfzdkh csif;jynfe,f
twGufqdkNyD; wifvdkufw,f/
jynfaxmifpt
k pk;d &u wif'gukd
1? 1? 2013rSmzGiw
hf ,f/ wif'g
zGiw
hf UJ Ouú|Adv
k cf sKyaf Zmf0if;ayg/h
Adv
k cf sKyaf Zmf0if;u tefu,fwhkd
taeeJh csif;jynfe,ftwGuf
wifwJU wif'gatmifw,fqw
kd m
od&wJUtcsdefusawmh jynfe,f
u 0efBuD;csKyfwdkh? 0efBuD;wdkhudk
qufoG,fNyD;awmhrS csif;jynf
e,f a&ay;vkyif ef;awGtwGuf
uRefawmfwdkh ukrÜPDu wif'g
atmifvdkh 'Dvkyfief;awGvmNyD;
aqmif&u
G yf grh ,fqNkd y;D uGi;f qif;
w,f / csif ; jynf e ,f r S m tck
vuf&Sdudk;NrdKYe,fudk uGif;qif;
avUvmNy;D oGm;Ny/D tJ'aD wmUuiG ;f
qif;avhvmwJUtcsdefrSm jynf
e,fu 0efBuD;OD;edefEdkif;? aus;
vufa&ay;a&;Xmevufaxmuf
nTefMum;a&;rSL;OD;atmifvGif?
oufqdkif&mNrdKYe,fpnfyif tkyf
csKyf a &;rS L ;awG ? uk r Ü P D u
'g&dkufwmawG? tif*sifeD,m
0efxrf; awGtukefvHk;yl;aygif;
NyD; uGif;qif;avhvmcJUw,f/
csif;jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf tb
[kef;idkif;uvnf; yHhydk;ulnD
w,f/
qvd k i f ; [k e f ; xG e f ; a*
csi;f jynfe,frmS tapm
ykdif;u tefu,fwdkhua&ayg
w,fvdkhxifcJUw,f/ awmif
wef; a'ourdk;aumif;w,f
aygh / a&aygw,f q d k w mu
rdk;wGif;rSmawmh a&aygw,f/
rdk;NyD;wmeJh pdrfhprf;awGu a&
xGufrIawG usoGm;w,f/ a&
xGuw
f aUJ e&muvnf; &GmawGehJ
oH;k rdik u
f mG ? av;rdik u
f mG aeawmh
&G m awG r S m a&&zd k h t wG u f u
ajrjyefw
h v
hkd rkd sKd ;yHpk H yH;k awGeo
hJ mG ;
xrf;vdkhr&bl;/ ydkufvdkif;eJha&
oG,frIpepfenf;awmh aus;&Gm
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm a&&Sm;
wmawG&Y w,f/ um;vrf;eJeh ;D wJU
&GmawGrSmawmh a&enf;enf;
tqifajyygw,f/ a&xGufyif
&if;eJv
h ufvrS ;f rDw,f/ aus;&Gm
wcsdKYrSm udk,fxludk,fxoG,f
wmrsKd ;&Sw
d ,f/ aemuf tef*st
D kd
tzGJYtpnf;awGuvnf; oG,f
ay;wmawGY&w,f/ 'gayr,fh
tvSrf;uGmwJU wpf&ufESpf&uf
ntdyo
f mG ;&wJU aus;&GmrsKd ;awG
rSmawmh a&vHk;0r&wmawG
jzpfaew,f/
ar;/ /t"dua&&Sm;wm bm
taMumif;aMumifhjzpfrvJ/
ajz/ /a&tcuftcJjzpfwmu
t"duuawmh csif;jynfe,f&JY
wnfae&maMumifhyg/ a&cufcJ
w,fqw
kd m uke;f jrifah wmifwef;
awGrmS a&awGawmh&w
dS ,f/ 'gay
r,fh &GmawGeJhtvSrf;a0;w,f/
&GmawGe(hJ 5)rdik ?f (6)rdik u
f mG w,f/
a&ajrobm0tcH u vnf ;
ausmuf a wmif a usmuf o m;
awGjzpfwt
UJ wGuf a&atmif;Edik f
wJUtvm;tvmu t&rf;enf;
ygw,f/ ajrom;uefawG vkyf
r,fqv
kd nf; tqifrajyygb;l /
ajrBu;D u a&xde;f rxm;Edik b
f ;l /
'gaMumifh a&xGufyif&if;udkyJ
rScD &kd wmjzpfw,f/ csi;f jynfe,f
rSm a&&Sm;ygw,fqdkwm tJ'g
ygyJ/ NyD;awmhyif&if;eJha'ou
vnf;tvSr;f uGmw,f/ yif&if;
uaeaus;&GmawGqD a&a&muf
atmifvkyfzdkhtukeftust&rf;
rsm;w,f/
tefu,fwah k d &ukrP
Ü D
a&m a'ocHawGa&m yl;aygif;
&rSmayghaemf/ tefu,fwdkhu
tckcsi;f jynfe,frmS vkyif ef;oGm;
vkyfawmhrSmjzpfw,f/ vkyfief;
vkyrf ,f&h mG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm
vdktyfwJUypnf;ydkhcsifNyD/ um;
vrf;uaetwGif;ykdif;udk rdkif
(20)a0;wmwdkh? (15)rdkifa0;
wmwdhk aemufum;vrf;rayguf
bl;/ ypön;f ydw
hk m? ydu
k v
f ;kH ydw
hk m
vdktcsdefrsdK;rSm ydkufvHk;ydkhr,fh
ta&twG u f u yd k u f t vH k ;
(3000)? (4000)&Srd ,f/ &GmvH;k
uRwfo,fwmawmifrS ypönf;
tukefa&mufzdkh(4)&uf(5)&uf
Mumr,f / NyD ; awmh t k w f c J ?
bdvyfajrwdo
hk w
J ?hkd tkwu
f efawG
aqmufzdkhayghaemf/ tJ'gawGudk
vnf;acgif;eJh&GufNyD; o,f&
awmhrSm/ tJ'DtcuftcJrsm;
awmh a'ocHawG&JY tiftm;
trsm;BuD;vdkw,f/ olwdkh&JYyl;
aygi;f aqmif&u
G rf aI yg/h tefu,f
wd k h y J vk y f w mrsd K ;r[k w f b J
a'ocHawGyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf
&ifawmh 'Dvyk if ef;atmifjrifrmS
aocsmw,f/
ar;/ /t"dubmaMumifh a&rzl
vHkbl;vdkhxifvJ/
ajz/ /t"dua&rzlvHkwmu
a&xGuyf if&if;awGenf;aew,f/
OD;tjrifrSm t"dua&TYajymif;
awmif,mpepfaMumifhvdkhxif
w,f/ awmif,mudkwpfESpf
vkyf&if aemufwpfESpfrvkyf
awmhb;l / ajrqDvmT ysupf ;D w,f/
Ny;D awmhopfyifjyefpu
kd w
f t
UJ avh
txr&Sb
d ;l / tJ'aD wmh a&xGuf
yif&if;u a&0ifa&xGufawG
od y f r &S d a wmh b l ; / 'gaMumif h
pdrfhprf;a&awGtwGuf wpfEdkif
wpfydkifawmh jyefvkyfay&r,f/
ar;/ /NrdKYrSma&m aus;&GmrSma&m
b,fvdkyHkpHa&&vmrS csif;jynf
e,frSma&zlvHkw,fvdkh ajymvdkh
&rvJ/
ajz/ /a&zlvHkw,fqdkwmu
awmh Oyrm-ajrjyefha'orSmu
ylawmh vlwpfa,muf&JY wpf
ud,
k o
f ;kH a&twGuf *gvt
H pdwf
vdk howfrSwfxm;w,f/ csif;
jynfe,frSmawmh tat;ydkif;
a'ojzpfawmh vlwpfa,muf
twGuf (15)*gvHqdk a&zlvHk
w,fvdkhajymvdkh&w,f/ tJ'D
awmh Oyrm-csif;jynfe,frSm
vlOD;a&(1)oef;&Sdr,f xm;yg
awmh? qdak wmh csi;f jynfe,frmS
vloHk;a&zlvHkzdkhtwGuf vl(1)
oef;pmtwGuf wpfaehwpfaeh
rSm *gvH(15)oef;aygh/ 'gay
r,f'h gu vltoH;k awGy/J pufrI
vkyif ef;awGvyk v
f mr,f? jyKvm
r,fq&kd ifawmh tJ'aD vmufru
vdkvmNyD/ a&tm;vQyfppfawG
xkwfvmr,fqdk&if trsm;BuD;
vdkygw,f/
ar;/ /tefu,fwt
hkd aeeJh b,f
awmhavmufvkyfief;taumif
txnfazmfEkdifrvJ/
ajz/ / vk y f i ef ; taumif
txnfazmfzdkh qdkwmuawmh
tefu,fwv
hkd yk if ef;wif'g pzGiUf
wm Zefe0g&Dv?(1)&ufaehaygh/
9
'Dawmh tefu,fwv
hkd yk if ef;&NyD
qdkwm odvkdufNyD/ NyD;awmh
&GmawGrmS uGi;f qif;w,f? Munfh
w,f wdkif;wmppfaq;w,f/
a&xGufyif&if;awGudk vdkuf&Sm
w,f/tJ'[
D mudw
k pfvavmuf
tcsdefay;&w,f/ &Gm(30)udk
ayghaemf/ tckrwfvqdk &Gm
(30)a&&atmif tNy;D vkyrf ,f/
tcsdKYt&rf;vrf;yef;qufoG,f
a&;cufcJwJU&Gm usefEdkifao;
w,f/ tefu,fwdkhu {NyDv
udktNyD;vdkh cefhrSef;xm;w,f/
&Gm(30)pvHk;aygh/
ar;/ /&Gm(30)qdkwmu b,f
bufydkif;awGvJ odcsifygw,f/
ajz/ /2012-13 bwf*swfxJ
uaygah emf/ tJ'g2013 oH;k vydik ;f
rSm tNyD;vkkyf&rSmjzpfw,f/ &Gm
aygif;(30)qdkwmu [m;cg;
NrdKYrSm(5)&Gm? uefyufvufrSm
(4)&Gm? wD;wderf mS (3)&Gm? wGe;f ZH
rSm(2)&Gm? xefwvefrSm(3)&Gm?
zvrf;rSm(5)&Gm? rwlyrD mS (2)&Gm?
rif;wyfrSm(4)&Gm? &dacg'g&frSm
(2)&Gmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'D&Gm(30)
pvH k ; ud k wpf N yd K if e uf w nf ;
rvkyfEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifh jzefh
usuNf y;D vky&f w,f/ yvuf0NrKd Y
udkawmh jynfaxmifpkuae
wdkuf&dkufvkyfay;rSmjzpfw,f/
jzefhusufvkyfwJUcsdefrSm t"du
'g&d k u f w mawG u d k rif ; wyf ?
[m;cg;? wD;wdefrSmxm;xm;
w,f/
ar;/ /tckvkyfrSmawGu aus;
vufa'oyJvm;/ NrKd aY y:rmS aum
b,fvdkpDpOfxm;vJ/
ajz/ /NrdKYay:awmh avmavm
q,frygao;bl;/ 'gayr,fh
jynfe,ftpdk;&u taumif
txnfazmfr,fh NrdKYay:twGuf
oGm;a&mufy;l aygi;f Ny;D uGi;f qif;
avhvmcJUw,f/ jzpfEdkifpGrf;awG
awmh rwGufcsuf&ao;bl;/
wavmuvnf; [m;cg;NrdKYrd
NrdKYzawGtygt0if [m;cg;NrdKY
twGuf a&b,frSm&EdkifrvJ
qdkwmawG oGm;a&mufavhvm
cJ h M uw,f / ol w d k h e J h v nf ;
taumiftxnfazmfzhkd wdik yf if
xm;w,f / n§ d E I d i f ; xm;cJ U M u
w,f/
ar;/ / tefu,fwdkht"du
vkyfief; taumiftxnfazmf
wJt
U cg b,f[mutcufcq
J ;kH
jzpfrvJ/
ajz/ /t"dutcuftcJqHk;
uawmh vrf;yef;qufo,
G af &;
yJ/ ypönf;axmufyHhzdkh? ydkhzdkh
rvG,b
f ;l / aqmufvyk af &;vkyf
ief; o,HZmw&Sm;w,f/ o,H
ZmwqdkwJUae&mrSm csif;rSmoJ
r&Sdbl;/ acsmif;rSmjyKef;ausmuf
awGyJ&Sdw,f/ aqmufvkyfa&;
vkyfief;rSm tkwfpD&iftayguf
t[awGehJ a&pdrx
hf u
G Ef ikd w
f ,f
qdkawmh oJudk[m;cg;ukdykdhr,f
qd&k if [m;cg;udq
k &kd if *efah *gu
wpfqifh zvrf;? wD;wdefwdkh
bufudkusawmh uav;NrdKYu
aeo,f & r,f / ajrjyef h r S m
oJwpfusif; (5000)? (6000)
usyfjzpfayr,fh csif;awmifay:
ta&mufus&if ajcmufaomif;
uae odef;ausmfjzpfoGm;w,f
qdkawmh aqmufvkyfa&;rSm
ypön;f oH;k wmcsi;f twlwl csi;f
rSmu ajrjyefhxuf av;ig;q
ydkoGm;w,f/ t"dutcuftcJ
uawmh vrf;yef;qufo,
G af &;
yg/ NrdKYe,fcsif;oGm;wJUvrf;awG
udkawmh jyifaewmawG awGY&
ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aus;vuf
a'orSmawmh tckrStaumif
txnfazmfaewmawG awGaY e&
w,f/
ar;/ /csif;jynfe,f [m;cg;
NrdKYay:twGuf tao;pdwfuGif;
qif;avhvmrIbmawGvyk Nf yv
D /J
NrKd aY y:a&ay;a&;twGuaf ygah emf/
ajz/ /NrKd aY wmfa&ay;a&;twGuf
tMurf;zsif;aygh/ NrdKYay:rSm ydkuf
vdkif;av;awGeJh a&oG,fawm
av;awG awG&Y w,f/ [m;cg;NrKd Y
awmf p nf y if o m,ma&;u
wm0ef , l N yD ; awmh a&wG i f ; ?
a&uef u wpf q if h a y;aewm
awGY&w,f/ t"dua&xGuf
yif&if;awGtwGuf vdkifAm;udk
wpfcsuo
f mG ;Munfw
U ,f/[m;cg;
&JaY wmifbufyikd ;f rSm&Sw
d UJ oD;jrpf
acsmif;udk qnfcwfr,f/ tJ'g
udk jynfe,fuaerS NrdKYrdNrdKYz
awGeahJ &G;Ny;D awmh vkyrf ,fq&kd if
awmh survey qif;r,f/ tJ'g
vkyfNyD;[m;cg;udka&ay;zdkh tpD
tpOfawmh&Sdw,f/ q,fhESpf&m
oDywfv;kH a&&atmifayg/h 'gay
r,fh vQypf pf"mwftm;u vHv
k kH
avmuf a vmuf r &ao;bl ; /
vQyfppf"mwftm;vHkvHkavmuf
avmuf & rS m om p&d w f p u
enf;enf;eJah y;Edik rf ,f/ vQypf pf
"mwftm;vHkvHkavmufavmuf
r&cifay;&ifawmh p&dwfrsm;
r,f/ 'DZ,ftif*siaf wGeahJ rmif;
&if ukeu
f sp&dwt
f &rf;rsm;r,f/
vQyfppf"mwftm;vHkvHkavmuf
avmuf&Nyq
D &kd ifawmh vQypf pf
"mwftm;eJh pkyfwifNyD; tjrifh
uae a&ay;EdkifNyDqdk&ifawmh
[m;cg;uawmh trsm;BuD ;
ajymif;vJvmrSmyg/
qvdkif;[kef;xGef;a*
Vol. 1, No.3
wm&Tef;'Drdku&ufwpfaumifpD
Salai Van Cung Lian
The Tashon Democratic Council
pum;csD;
,aeY]wm&Tef;}[laompum;
vH;k udak zmfjy&rnfqv
kd siS w
f cdsKu
U
zvrf;NrdKYrSta&Shbuf (2) rdkif
tuGmwGif&Sdaom &Gmi,fav;
wpf&Gm? wcdsKYu &J&ifhaom Pu
Con Bik (Adv
k q
f eG yf uf) arG;zGm;
BuD;jyif; tkyfcsKyfcJYaom&Gmwpf
&Gm[kajymqdjk rifa,mifMuygrnf/
odaYk omf Tashon wdo
Yk nf (19)
&mpkeSpf csif;awmifwef;wpfck
vHk;wGif MoZmtmPmtMuD;
rm;qHk;jzpfcJhonfudk vltrsm;
onfarhavsmhaumif;arhavsmh?
þordkif;aMumif;udk odaumif;
odaeEdkifygonf/ Tashon wdkY
onf xdpk Oftcsed t
f cgu olwYkd
\tdref ;D em; csi;f trsm;pktay:ü
MoZmtmPm&Scd MhJ uonf/ olwYkd
\MoZmtmPm?csr;f om<u,f0
rI? OD;aqmifEdkifrI tcef;u@
wdkYonf olwdkY\tdrfeD;em;csif;
omru csif;awmifwpfckvHk;
odahk usmMf um;cJo
h nf/ csi;f vlrsKd ;
rsm;tMum;wGif xif&Sm;aom
ordkif;okawoDrsm;jzpfMuaom
Dr. Vum Son, Zapeng
Sakhong ESihf Dr. Lian Hmung
Sakhong wdr
Yk v
S nf;
NAw
d o
d sS wYkd
csif;awmifwef;tm; rodrf;
ydkufcJhonf&Sdaomf wm&Tef;wdkY
onfaemifwpfcsdefwGif csif;
awmifwef;wpfcv
k ;kH tm; olwYkd
Edik if aH &;pepfwpfck atmufwiG f
oG w f o G i f ; aygif ; pnf ; oG m ;Mu
vdrfhrnf[k azmfjycJhMuonf/
olwdkYonf urÇmhordkif;wpf
avSsmufwiG f tiftm;tBu;D rm;
qHk; tifyg,mjzpfaom The
Great Britain Emperor
yifvSsif raMumufr&GHYwGef;vSef
0Hholrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkYtif
tm;Bu;D Ny;D ta&;ygt&ma&muf
aom tajctaewpfcktm;
ydkifqdkifEdkifjcif;onf olwdkYwGif
Edik if aH &;pepfypkH w
H pfct
k m; toH;k
jyKEdkifMujcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/
olwdkY toufoGif;toHk;jyKEdkif
cJ h a om Ed k i f i H a &;yH k p H o nf
taemufEikd if rH sm;\ 'Dru
kd a&pD
pepf u J h o d k Y j zpf N yD ; H.N.C
Stevenson u Tashon Democratic Council [k olYpmtkyf
xJwGif ac:qdkcJhonf/ tkyfcsKyf
olrsm;onf 'Dru
kd a&pDpepft&
a&G;cs,fcHMu&olrsm;jzpfonf/
a&G;cs,fcHol jzpf&eftwGuf
rd&;kd zvm tajctae? uRejf zpf
jcif; ponfU Zmwferd ?hf Zmwfjrifh
rsm;udk rMunfUay/
pma&;ol t aejzif h
þaqmif ; yg;tm; The Chin
Hills 1Ä96 V.1 by Carey &
tkyfcsKyfrIyHkpH
(The Falam Council)
HNC Steven rS csi;f
wdkY\ tkyfcsKyfrIyHkpHtm; 'Drdk
ua&pDpepftkyfpkESifh oufOD;
qHydkiftkyfpk[lí cGJjcm;onf/
xdo
k ufO;D qHyikd t
f yk cf sKyrf u
I kd L.
H. Sakhong uawmifolMuD;?
&GmolMuD; (Ram-uk, Khuabawi) pepf[kolYpmtkyfxJrSm
ac:qdkcJhonf/ ]oufOD;qHydkif
ya'o&mZfpepf usifhoHk;olrsm;
onf olwt
Ykd yk cf sKyaf omaus;&Gm
wGif MoZmtmPmtjynf&h adS omf
vnf; rdrdtkyfcsKyfaom&Gm\
Tuck (C&T)? A military report in Chin-Lushai Hills
1Ä93
eSifY The Economic of
the Central Chin Tribes 1943
by HNC Stevenson (HNC)
[laom pmtkyfrsm;rSaumuf
Ekwjf cif;jzpfonf/ pma&;olonf
t*FvefEdkifiHwGif NrdKY jytif*sif
eD,mtjzpf toufarG;0rf;
ausmif;jyKaeNy;D ,if;pmtkyrf sm;
tm; vef'efNrdKY&Sd urÇmausmf
The British Library wG i f
personal pdwf0ifpm;pl;prf;jcif;
rS &&Sdfjcif;jzpfygonf/
wm&Tef;qdkonfrSm
]wm&Tef;wdkYonf
ol w d k Y \ rd b rl u m; Sunthla
em;ü&SdaomvdkifvGef(Lailun)
ausmuf*lrSqif;oufvmonf
[k,HkMunfMuonf/ xdkYaemuf
olwdkY\ bdk;ab;bDbif rsdK;
qufrsm;onf vdik v
f eG ;f ausmuf
*lteD;&Sd Sunthla &GmodkY tajc
pdkufcJhonf/ wm&Tef;wdkYonf
xd k & G m trnf j zif Y o m ol w d k Y
ud,
k o
f w
l t
kd m; Sunthla [k ac:chJ
MuNyD; awmifbuf&Sd rsdK;EG,fpk
rsm;uvnf; xdt
k rnfjzifo
Y w
l Ykd
udk od&SdcJhMuonf/ vGefcJhaom
rsdK;quf (4)quf (17 &mpk)
cefYwGif olwdkYonf Sunthla rS
Klashun(Tlaisun)odYk ajymif;a&TY
tajcpdkufcJhMuonf/ (C&T.
Pg142) þae&mwGif xdk&Gm
trnfjzifYolwdkYudk,folwdkYtm;
Tashon [kac:co
hJ nf[k ,lq&
onf/(þ Tlaisun &Gmonf,aeY
zvrf;NrdKYrS(2)rdkif tuGmwGif
&Sdaom&Gmr[kwfay) ]olwdkY
tajcwusrjzpfrDwGif [m;cg;
olBuD; Lian Nawl rS Sunthla
ES i f h Tlaisun rsm;tm; zsuf
qD;cJhonf/ xdkYtwGufaMumifh
olwo
Ykd nf ESpaf ygi;f tawmfMum
ppfab;oifrh sm;taejzifh &Sio
f ef
cJh&on/f xdkYaemufwm&Tef;wdkY
onf xdpk Oftcsed f wm&Te;f wd\
Yk
NrdKYawmfzvrf; (Falam) ac:
,aeYvuf&Sd wm&Tef;&Gmtm;
pwifxlaxmifcJhMuonf/
(C&T, pg 142)}/
,ckvuf&Sd zvrf;
NrKd o
Y nf 1890 aemufyikd ;f rSom
NAdwdoSswdkhu wnfaxmifjcif;
jzpfonf/ xdkodkYxlaxmif&ef
opfom;rsm;vkt
d yfaomaMumifh
txuf w G i f a zmf j yxm;aom
Tlaisun&Gmtm;wpfppDpepfwus
jzdKusjcif;aMumifh ,aeYwGifr&Sd
awmYay/ þ&Gmonf ,aeY
vuf&Sdwm&Tef;&GmESifU reD;ra0;
wGifwnf&SdcJhrnf[k pma&;ol
xifro
d nf/
ArmvlrsdK;rS- olwdkY
tm; wm&Te;f ]Tashon}? pD;,if;
ESifh wD;wdefrsm;rS "Palamte"
(After their principal village
Falam)[k
vnf;aumif; teD;
tem;&Sd vlrsdK;pkrsm;rS ]zvrf;}
[kvnf; ac:cMhJ uonf/ HNC
Stevenson rS ]t"dywd (Paramount) Tashon [kac:Ny;D olwYkd
ud,
k o
f w
l Ykd ]Taisun} [kac:Mu
onf/ þaqmif;yg;wGif pma&;
ol rSjD irf;aom pmtkyrf sm;xJrmS
twdkif; ]Tashon (wm&Tef;)}
[ktoHk;jyKoGm;ygrnf/
wm&Tef;wdkY\MoZm
jrifhwufjcif;
]wm&T e f ; wd k Y o nf
olwdkh\tdrfeD;em;csif; a&maESm
vsuf&Sdaeaom rsdK;EG,fpkrsm;
tm;pnf;½Hk;EdkifcJhonf/ olwdkY
tkycf sKyaf om rsKd ;EG,pf rk sm;onf
wm&Tef; (The ruling tribe)
rsKd ;EG,pf x
k uf tqaygi;f rsm;pGm
rsm;jym;vsuf&Sdonf/ olwdkY\
tdrfeD;em;csif; rsdK;EG,fpkrsm;
tm; pkpnf;yHrk mS wdu
k cf u
kd o
f rd ;f
yd k u f j cif ; xuf r[mAsL[m
10
t"d u rd o m;pk 0 if t jzpf o d k Y
oGwo
f iG ;f onf/ om"utm;jzifh
olwaYkd umifp0D iftxJwiG f t&nf
tcsi;f &SNd y;D Bu;D us,cf rf;em;qH;k
(the greatest man in the tribe)
omrefvlwOD;[k owfrSwfEdkif
aom Con Bik onf aumifpD
0iftjzpf a&G;cs,cf &H jcif;? acgi;f
aqmifro
d m;pk0iftm; vufxyf
jcif;jzifh tBuD;tuJjzpfvm
onf/(C&T: pg 143)}
xdo
k aYkd umifpD tqifh
odkY wufa&mufEdkif&eftwGuf
xdkolonf tjcm;wpfOD;tm;
owfzl;ol jzpf&rnf[kvnf;
yg&o
dS nf/ C&T wdrYk S ] þtcsi;f
t&monf trSefwu,fjzpfyg
u olwt
Ykd wGi;f wGif aoG;at;
pGm owfjzwfrIaygif;rsm;pGm
jzpf r nf j zpf o nf / tb,f
aMumifq
h akd omf wm&Te;f wdo
Yk nf
wdkufcdkufa&;orm;rsm; r[kwf
ay}/ aumifpt
D m; Mang Hlur,
Khar Lian, Con Bik, Cong
(trategy)udk
toH;k jyKNy;D olw\
Ykd
vufatmufoYkd oGwo
f iG ;f cJjh cif;
jzpf o nf / (C&T, pg 14Ä)}/
}olwdkYxHodkY eSpfpOfqufaMu;
(tributaries) ay;ydkYolrsm;wGif
xdkpOftcgtiftm;juD;rsdK;EG,fpk
rsm;jzpfaom Zahau, Hualngo,
Khuangli tjyif Sunthla,
Tawyan ES i f h Khualsim wd k Y
vnf;yg0ifcJhonf/ (C&T, pg
143)}
wm&Tef;wdkhonf pD;,if;
wdkYESifhvnf; ppf(6)BudrfjzpfyGm;
cJu
h m? pD;,if;wdahk y:ü uefo
Y wf
xdef;csKyf (Limited control)
Ed k i f c J h o nf / ]vuf a wG Y w G i f
wm&Tef;wdkYonf olwdkY\ MoZm
rsm;tm; xdef;odrf;&mwGif EIwf
yg;pyftm;jzifh t"duxdef;odrf;
cJhMuonf/ olwdkYtkyfcsKyfonfU
e,fajrESifY rsdK;EG,fpkrsm;tm;
Munfjh cif;tm;jzifo
Y w
l \
Ykd tkycf sKyf
a&;pG r f ; &nf xuf j ruf y k H r S m
xif&Sm;vSayonf/ olwkdY\
tmPm tpOfrysuf xdrf;csKyf
Edik jf cif;rSm olw\
Ykd wdu
k cf u
kd af &;
pGrf;&nfxufjrufjcif;aMumifh
t"dur[kwb
f J olw\
Ykd pOf;pm;
OmPf xufjrufjcif;jziYf rsdK;
EG,fpk wpfckeSifYwpfcktay:
olwt
Ykd m; rausmv
f mT ;Edik af p&ef
jc,fvS,fupm;jcif;jzifY rsdK;
EG,fpk tm;vHk;udk xdef;csKyf
xm;onf/ (C&T, Pg 148)
wm&Tef;acgif;aqmifrsm;\
tjyifwiG rf o
l w
l \
hkd MoZmtmPm
onf tenf;i,frsS om &Sad wmh
onf/ 'Dru
kd a&pDpepftm; usihf
oHk;aom wm&Tef;wkdYrSmrl olwdkh
\MoZmtmPmESiv
hf ufwo
H nf
ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;odkh ouf
a&mufeikd o
f nf/ (HNC: pg 17)
]wm&Tef;a'oudkrl
(5)OD;yg aumifpt
D zGrYJ S tkycf sKyf
jyD; ,if;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm;
Sunthla rsd K ;EG , f p k j zpf a om
(Tashon, Conghte, Cong
Heng, Zamual) rsm;rS a&G;cs,f
onf/ xdo
k aYkd &G;cs,&f mwGif ol\
rd&dk;zvmtm; MunfU½Ijcif;
r[kwfbJ vlxk\ rJqE´jzifh
a&G;cs,fMujcif;jzpfonf/ odkY
aomf pnf;rsO;f wpfct
k aejzifrh l
aumifpDtrwfonf t"du
rdom;pk0ifjzpf&rnf/ (C&T: pg
149)}/ wm&Tef;aumifpDacgif;
aqmifrsm;tm; yHrk eS t
f m;jzifh (3)
ESpfvSsifwpfMudrfESifh xdkxuf
tenf;i,f ydkrdkMumjrifhcsdefwGif
a&G;cs,favh&SdjyD; a&G;cs,fyGJrsm;
tm; aumufopfpm;yGJrsm;ESifh
wGufcsufjyKvkyfavh&Sdonf/
omrefvw
l pfa,muf
onf ppf a &;uG s rf ; usif o l ?
oHwrefa&;&m uGsr;f usio
f El iS hf
csrf ; om<u,f 0 ol j zpf y gu
aumifpD0iftjzpf wifajr§muf
cGifh&Sdonf/ xdkodkYaumifpD0if
tjzpf a&G;cs,jf cif;cH&olwt
Ykd m;
t"durdom;pk0ifESifY vufxyf
xd r f ; jrm;jcif ; jyKvk y f a y;NyD ;
Khar ESifh Bawi Hmung wdkYrS
OD;aqmifonf/ Mang Hlur
E S i f h Khar Lian w d k Y o n f
tBuD;tuJrdom;pkrS jzpfNyD;
tjcm;(3)OD;rSmrl omrefvw
l ef;
pm;rSjzpfum t&nftcsif;jzifh
yg0ifcGifh&aom olrsm;jzpfMu
onf/ acgif;aqmifrsm;onf
wm&Te;f &Sd Butu &yfuu
G f (khua)
wGif tajcpdkufaexdkif&onf/
wm&Te;f NrKd aY wmftm; (6)&yfuu
G f
jzifh ydkif;jcm;xm;NyD;xdk&yfuGuf
acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; aumifpD
0ifrsm;rS a&G;cs,fcefYtyfonf/
olwt
Ykd yk cf sKyaf ome,fy,fa'o
tm;vnf ; wm&T e f ; &G m uJ h o d k Y
e,fajr (6)cktjzpf ydkif;jcm;NyD;
xd k v uf a tmuf c H a 'orsm;rS
ay;aqmifaom qufaMu;rsm;
tm; oufqdkif&m wm&Tef;&Sd
&yfuu
G w
f pfcck si;f qDoYkd ay;yd&Yk
onf/(C&T, pg 149)
&yf u G u f r sm;onf
aumifpD\ xdef;csKyfrIatmuf
wGif&Sdonf/ &yfuGuf (6) ck\
acgi;f aqmifrsm;rSm- Con Khar
(Phangpho &yfuu
G )f ? Hniar Ci
(Khawthar &yfuGuf)? Mang
Hlur (Butu &yfuGuf)_ Tatpi
(Laiko &yfuGuf)? Yat Kwe
(Hliap &yfuGuf) ESifh Bawi
Hmung (Khuasat Khua ac:
Lun Oo &yfuGuf) wdkhjzpfMu
o n f / (C&T, pg 149) /
wm&Tef;&Gm\ xl;jcm;csufrSm
olwdkh&GmxJ&Sd&yfuGufrsm;udk}&Gm
(Khua) e.g Phangpho Khua
[kac:qdkMuNyD; ,aehxufwdkif
pmrsufESm(11)odkh . . .
16 February 2013
csif;jynfe,frD;acsmif;eSifhav;NrdKh jrpfwpfavsmuf&d0S g;rsm;
&cdik jf ynfe,foahkd &mif;csrjkS rifwh ufvsu&f dS
aemfa0;tpdk;&rS jrefrmausmif;om^olrsm;twGuf ynmoifqkay;tyfrnf
xk d i f ; Ed k i f i H & S d
Asian
Institute of Technology wGif
2013ckESpf? Mo*kwfv ausmif;zGifUcsdef
wGif r[mbGJYynm qufvufoif,l
EdkifrnfU tcGifhtvrf;wpf&yftjzpf
aemfa0;tpdk;&rS jrefrmEdkifiHrS ausmif;
om;^ol 40 OD;udk ynmoifqk xyfrH
ay;tyfrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
,ckuJUodkh jrefrmEdkifiHrSt&nftcsif;
jynfUrDaom ausmif;om;^olrsm;udk
xdik ;f Edik if &H dS Institute of Technology wGif r[mbGJYynm wufa&muf
oif,El ikd rf nft
U pDtpOfudk aemfa0;tpd;k &
rS 2012 ckESpfrSay;tyfcJUjcif;jzpfNyD;
3ESpfwdkifwdkif ynmoif qka&G;cs,fay;
tyfoGm;rnfjzpf aMumif;od&onf/
ynmoifq&k &So
d l ausmif;
om;^ol r sm;taejzif h Asian
Institute of Technology,
School of Environment,
Resource and Development,
School of Engineering and
Technology, School of
wdkhwGif ynmoif
Mum;ydkhcsay;vsuf&Sdaom bmom&yf
rsm;udk avhvmoif,El ikd rf nfjzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
ynmoifqw
k u
G f avQmuf
vTmudk www.ait.asia wGif &,l
Edik Nf y;D ynmoifqk avQmufvmT ESit
hf wl
bGJYvuf rSwf? rdrdtaMumif; t*Fvdyf
bmomjzifUpmvHk;a& 400 cefha&;om;
Management
pmrsufESm(10)rStquf . . .
þ&Gm 6 &Gm&SdaeqJjzpfonf/
pnf;vHk;jcif;onf tiftm;
aeYpOf reufyikd ;f wGif
aumifp0D ifwpfO;D OD;\ tdrw
f iG f
aumifpD0ifrsm; awGYqHkMuNyD;
rsd K ;EG , f p k r sm;ta&;ES i f h qH k ;
jzwfp&m&Sdonfrsm;? ta&;,l
&ef&o
dS nfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;avh&dS
Muonf/ acgif;aqmifwpfOD;
wnf ; rS ud p ö & yf w pf c k t m;
oabmusq;kH jzwfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad y/
udpö&yfwpfckcsif;pDtm; acgif;
aqmifrsm;tm;vHk; twlwuG
qH;k jzwfMu&onf/ aumifp0D if
rsm;tMum; owfrw
S x
f m;aom
tcGit
hf mPmxuf vGeu
f u
J m
tmPmtoHk;jyKrdygu 'Pf
owfrw
S jf cif;rsKd ;vnf; &So
d nf/
om"utaejzifBh awi Hmung
onf vli,fyDyD pdwfjrefvuf
jrefjzifh udpö&yfrsm;udk pD&ifjyK
vkyfcJhrIrsm;&SdcJhNyD; xdkhtwGuf
aMumif h 'Pf o wf r S w f j cif ;
cH&onf/ pnf;vHk;jcif;onf
tiftm;[lonfrmS wm&Te;f wd\
Yk
aqmifyk'fjzpfcJhonf/ odkhjzpf
aomaMumifh &yfuu
G w
f pfcck si;f
pDonf &yfa&;&Gma&;udp&ö yfrsm;
udk aqG;aEG;&mwGif tm;wuf
oa&m ud,
k pf m;jyKaqG;aEG;cJMh u
onf/ (C&T, pg 149-150)
tjcm;oufaowpfck
azmfjy&rnfjzpfonf/
xdkhjyifq&m? vkyfief;cGifrS
tBuD;tuJ(odkh) rdom;pk0if wpfOD;OD;
txl;ojzifh rdrd\ynm a&;tajctae
udk aumif;pGmod&Sd olESpfOD;\ axmufcH
pmudkvnf; yl;wGJwifjy&rnfjzpfonf/
ynmoif q k avQmuf
vTmESifh yl;wGJygtcsuftvuf rsm;udk
2013ckESpf? azazmf0g&D 15&uf aemuf
qHk;xm;í admissions@ait.asia
od k h tD ; ar;vf j zif h a y;yd k h & rnf j zpf N yD ;
tifwmeuftoHk;jyKí tqifrajyyg
uvnf; xdkif;EdkifiH&Sd AIT admissions office ES i f h jref r mEd k i f i H & S d
Myanmar Egress xHohkd ay;ydx
hk m;
EdkifaMumif; od&onf/
ynmoif q k a vQmuf v T m
wifonft
U cgwiG f AIT udk avQmufxm;
&onf U taMumif ; t&if ; ES i f U t wl
avQmufxm;ol\
l tem*wf&nfreS ;f csu?f
jrefrmEdkifiH\zGYHNzdK;a&;wdkhtwGuf umv
ukd umv&SnfESifh tv,ftvwfMum;
umvwdkhwGif oufqdkif&mtcef;u@
wdkhü rnfodkhyg0ifaqmif&GufoGm;rnf
qdkonfukd jrefrmbmomjzifU pmrsuf
ESmoHk;rsufESm pmpDpmuHk;a&;om;í ay;ydkh
&rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
ynmoifqkavQmufxm;
oltaejzifh &Sdxm;&rnfU t&nftcsif;?
xdkif;EdkifiH&Sd Asian Institute of
Technology wGif ynmoifqkjzifU
wufa&muf&ef avQmufxm;olrsm; tae
jzifh wuúodkvfwpfckrSbGJYwpfck &&Sdxm;
&rnfjzpfonf/
t*F v d y f p m ta&;ES i f h
tajym uRr;f usi&f rnfjzpfNy;D IELTS
4.5 &&Sdxm;&rnfjzpfNyD; IELTS
&rSwfr&Sdygu Asian Institute of
Technology rSppfaq;onfU t*Fvyd f
t&nftcsif;tppf pmar;yGJudk ajzqdk
atmifjrif&rnfjzpfonf/
ausmif;tyfumv jzpf
onfU 2013 ckESpf? Mo*kwf vrwdkifrD
touf 40ESpfatmuf jzpf&rnfjzpf
onf/ vkyfief;tawGY tBuHKtenf;qHk;
wpfESpf&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/
wuúodkvfwufa&muf
pOftwGi;f oifMum;ydchk sorQukd ausmif;
ac:csdefrSefuefjcif;? wuf<upGmavhvm
oif,El ikd jf cif; &S&d rnfjzpfNy;D pmar;yGrJ sm;
wGiv
f nf; atmifjrifpmG ajzqdEk ikd rf nfjzpf
onf/ ausmif;Ny;D yguvnf; jrefrmEdik if H
&Sd zGHYNzdK;dwkd;wufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh
vlom;t&if;tjrpfpGrf;tifzGHYNzdK;wdk;
wufa&;wdkhtwGuf jyefvnfrQa0ay;
Edkifol jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
ynmoifqk avQmufvTm
ay;ydkh&rnfhvdyfpm
csif;jynfe,fyvuf0NrdKYe,f twGif;&Sd
av;NrdKY jrpfESifh ukvm;wefjrpftwGif;odkh pD;0if
vsu&f aSd om rD;acsmif;jrpfwpfavQmufwiG f 0g;ckwf
,la&mif;cs olrsm;rSm,cifeSpfrsm;xufvmae
aMumif;od&onf/0g;ckwo
f rm; wpfO;D vsiw
f pfaeh
0g;tvk;H a&(50 rS100) Mum;ckw,
f El ikd Nf y;D 4if;0g;
tm; rdrdckwf,lonfU ae&mwGifa&mif;csvQif
wpfv;Hk wGiu
f syf (70 rS 100) xdom&&deS id af omf
vn;f &cdkifjynfe,f ausmufawmfNrdKYwGifrl
0g;wpfvkH;vsifusyf (200) ESifhtxuf &&SdEdkif
aBumif; rD;acsmif;a'o 0g;awmwpfae&mwGif
0g;ckwf,laeaom rD;acsmif;a'ocH 0g;ckwform;
wpfO;D uajymonf/ 0g;rsm;tm; vma&muf0,f,l
olrsm;xHwGif p&HaiGBudKwifxkyf,lNyD; owfrSwf
umvwpfcktwGif; 0g;rsm; jyefvnfckwfay;&
aMumif;ESifh ,ckESpfwGifrl 0g;ckwf ,la&mif;csol
rsm;jym;vG e f ; aomaMumif h a&mif ; csEd k i f a om
0g;aumif;rsm;&Sm;yg;vmaeaMumif;vnf; ,if;
a'ocHuajymoGm;ygonf/
0g;rsm;tm;aqmuf v k y f a &;vk y f i ef ;
cGifwGifokH;onfUtjyif pdkufcif;eSifhtdrfNcHpnf;;&dk;
um&H & mwG i f v nf ; tok H ; jyKvsuf & d S M uaMumif ;
od&ygonf/
uGsefawmfuocsFmawmfw,f oluordkif;awmfw,f
vGefcJhaom tESpf(40)cefYwGif &efukefwuúodkvfBuD;odkY csif;jynfe,f aus;&Gmwpf&GmrS
ausmif;om; (2)OD; ynmoif,l&ef a&muf&SdvmcJhMuonf/ wpf&Gmwnf;om;jzpfNyD; xdkpOftcgu
csif;vlOD;a&enf;ygvSaom aqGr&Sd rsdK;r&Sd &efukefNrdKYBuD;wGif wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; cspfcif&if;ESD;pGm
twlwuG ynmoifMum;vsuf&Sdonf/ xdkESpfOD;teufwpfOD;rSm ocsmFxl;cRefNyD;? aemufwpfOD;rSm
ordik ;f bmomxl;cReMf uonf/ wpf&ufwiG f (2)OD;teufwpfO;D rSm tjyif;zsm;Ny;D wuúov
kd af q;&Hw
k iG f
twGif;vlemtjzpf aq;ukorIcH,l&onf/ aqGr&Sd? rsdK;r&SdqdkonfUtwdkif; usefonfUwpfOD;rSm
reufwpfcg? aeYv,fwpfcg? naewpfcg aeha&mnygapmifhtdyfNyD; txl;*&kpdkufay;avonf/
q&m0efrsm;Bu;D rS xdo
k Ykd ud,
k zf &d ifzd jyKpak y;aerIukd jrifawGY Ny;D txl;tm;&auseyfum
]'DvdkacwfrSm 'DvdkrsdK;ulnD½dkif;yif;wmawG odyfawGY&cJoGm;NyDuGm? t&rf;aumif;w,f/ 'geJU
rif;wdkYESpfa,mufu bmawmfMuovJuG} [kar;&m
ntdyfapmifhay;aom csif;ausmif;om;rS ]uGsefawmfu ocsFmawmfw,f/ olu
ordkif;awmfw,f} [k tm;&0rf;ompGm jyefajzvdkufavonf/
Myanmar Egress
trSwf35? rif;"r®vrf;ESifh usdKuf0dkif;
bk&m;vrf;axmifh? r&rf;ukef;NrdKYe,f?
&efu
k ek /f
zkef;-656840? 656841? 665482/
tm;tHhMorifoufrdaponf/
jAdwdoSswdkYrSvnf; tHhMorif
oufcJhaMumif;udk Carey and
Tuck wdkYrS ]most extraordinary circumstance to find a
Chin tribe disregarding birth}
taejzifh Pu Con Bik onf Indin
t&yf w G i f C aptain Raikes
ESifhawGYqHkpOfü ]þ Tashon rS
cspw
f aumif; zGHY NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;
vrf;aMumif;udpö&yftm; uREfkyf
wpfOD;wnf; rqHk;jzwfEdkifyg/
wm&T e f ; rS m &S d w J h aumif p D r S m
uREfkyfjyefaqG;aEG;&ef vdktyf
onf} [k ajymqdkcJhonf/
wm&Tef;wdkY\ &yfwnfcsuf
ESifh *kPfodu©m
olwdkYonf uREfkyfwdkY
qD r S wH p d k ; vuf a qmif r sm;
vufcH&efudk tpOfjiif;qdkcJhMu
onf/ olwu
hkd av;i,frsm;tm;
ay;aom vufaqmifrsm;udk
vnf; rnfrSsyifao;i,faom
vufaqmifjzpfapumrl jyef
vnf ay;tyfco
hJ nf/ xdw
k m&Te;f
&Gmom;wdo
Yk nf ESpaf ygi;f twef
Mumatmif ay:wmqG J u m
tvk y f v k y f a pjcif ; rsm;tm;
uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;onf olBuD;
rsm;jzpf M uonf [ l í tpOf
wpdkuf jiif;qdkcJhMuonf/ odkY
aomfjim;vnf;olwo
Ykd nfNAw
d o
d sS
wdkYxHodkY ulvDtvkyfrsm;vkyf
aqmif&efEpS pf Of(15000) OD;a&
tpOftNraJ xmufychH NhJ y;D xdo
k w
l hkd
onf wm&Tef;&GmrS r[kwfMu
acs/ (C&T, pg 150)
ed*Hk;
jAdwdefEdkifiHwGifyif
pnf;rsOf;cHbk&ifYtmPm uefY
owfNyD; ygvDreftm;tmPm
ay;onfpU epf? vlxt
k m; rJay;
cGifh? pdwfuGefhjrL;vkyfaqmifcGifh?
wDxGifcGifh? vGwfvyfrI&Sdaom
Salai Moe (maypaw)
pD;yGm;&Smjcif; ponfUenf;pepf
rsm;toHk;jyKNyD;rSomvQif urÇm
ay:wiG Mf oZmtjynf0U qH;k tifyg
,mEdkifiHtjzpfodkY a&muf&SdedkifcJh
onf/wm&Te;f wd\
Yk MoZmtmPm
BuD;rm;rIonfvnf; olwdkY\
EdkifiHa&;pepfaMumifUjzpfonfrSm
pma&;ol ud k ; um;xm;onf h
pmtkyrf sm;wGif xif&mS ;pGmazmfjy
cJhonf/ olwdkY\ MoZmtmPm
udk EdkifiHa&;pepfwpfckwnf;
r[kwfbJ pD;yGm;a&;tm;jzifh
vnf; olwx
hkd ed ;f csKyx
f m;yHk tm;
aemufaqmif;yg;wGif pma&;ol
a&;om;azmfjyoGm; rnfjzpfyg
onf/ jyifyurÇmESifh qufpyfrI
r&S d c J h a omf v nf ; ,ck u J h o d k Y
'Drdkua&pDpepfBuD;udk toHk;jyK
aeEd k i f c J h j cif ; onf pma&;ol
11
[k azmfjycJhMuonf/
odkUaomfNAdwdoSswdkY
csif;awmifwef;tm; odrf;ydkuf
Ny;D aemuf olwo
Ykd nf xdw
k m&Te;f
'Drdkua&pDpepftm; zsufodrf;
NyD; rlvvufa[mif;jzpfaom
rD;&dk;zvmolBuD;pepftm; jyef
vnfoGwfoGif;cJhNyD; Tashon
Tribal Area \ tkkyfcsKyfa&;
acgi;f aqmif&mxl;udk tkyk cf sKyrf I
MoZmtmPmt&Sq
d ;kH jzpfwhJ Pu
Con Bik (c)Adv
k pf eG yf ufukd cef
htyfcJhonf/ olESifY&oifh&xdkuf
aom tusdK;rsm;udkvnf;ol\
ud,
k af &;ud,
k w
f m toH;k tEIe;f
rsm; twGufvTJajymif;ay;cJh
onf / xd k v uf a [mif ; pepf
onf NAdwdoQwdkYtwGuf csif;
awmiftm;xdef;csKyf&ef ydkrdk
vG,fuljcif;aMumifh jzpfonf
[k HNC Steven uazmfjyxm;
onf/
csif;vlrsdK;rsm;onf
jAdwdoQwdkY jyefvnftouf
oGif;cJhaom þoufOD;qHydkif
ya'o&mZfpepftm; pGefhcGmum
1948 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv
(20)&ufaeYwGif 'Drdkua&pD
pepfyHkpHjzifh tkyfcsKyfaom pepf
tm;toHk;jyK&ef vuf&Sdzvrf;
NrdKYwGif vufcHtwnfjyKcJhMu
NyD; ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; ]csif;trsdK;
om;aeY} tjzpf atmifyGJcH
qif,ifusif;yvsuf&Sdonf/
csif ; trsd K ;om;aeY
tESpfom&BuD;jzpfaom 'Drdk
ua&pDpepfonftrSefwu,f
tm;jzifh 1948 ckESpf azazmf
0g&Dv(20)&ufrS tpjyKjcif;
r[kwfay/ csif;awmifwef;
ay:wGif vGefcJhaom(19) &mpk
wGif pwifusifhoHk;vsuf&Sdae
NyD;jzpfonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGifrS
'kw,
d tMurd v
f ufcjH cif;[kvnf;
ac:qEkd ikd af yrnf/xdek nf;wlpmG yif
*kPf,lp&maumif;vSonfrSmjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGifomru
tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;wGifvnf;
oufOD;qHydkif ya'o&mZfpepf
rsm;om usio
hf ;kH cJNh y;D wm&Te;f wdYk
onf tapmqH;k usio
hf ;kH cJo
h rl sm;
jzpfrnfrmS ordik ;f avhvmolrsm;
taejzifh tvG,w
f ul od&EdS ikd f
rnfrSmjzpfonf/ *kPf,lp&m
aumif;vSayonf/
tm;vHk;aysmf&TifzG,f
aumif;aom csif;trsdK;om;aeY
tcgor, jzpfygap[k qkrGef
aumif; awmif;tyfygonf/
Vol. 1, No.3
Edk;xefuyf
(csif;wdk;wufa&;ygwDOuú|
ar;/ /ajymoHMum;&wmawmh
yl;aygif;a&;cufwmyk*d¾Kvfa&;
awG a Mumif h v d k h a jymMuw,f /
tJ'Day:bmajymcsifygovJ/
ajz/ /tckcsdefrSm yl;aygif;a&;
ryl;aygif;a&;xuf trsm;BuD;
vkypf &m&Sw
d ,fvx
hkd ifygw,f/
'guOuú|udpöawGbmawGu
tao;trTm;yg/ 'DOuú|ae&m
udk b,folurS wG,fzufae
wmvnf; r&Sdygbl;/ t"du
uawmh NrdKYe,ftoD;oD;rSm
NrdKYe,fwpfckeJhwpfck rwlbl;/
wcsdKYNrdKYe,fus awmhaygif;csif
vdkhjrefjref ryl;aygif;vdkhqdkNyD;
cGJxGufwm&Sdjyefw,f/ wcsdKY
NrdKYe,fusawmh aygif;wmudk
rBudKufvdkh cGJxGufwm&Sdjyef
w,f/ tJ'gudkOuú|taeeJh
NcKH Ny;D awmh Munfv
U &hkd w,fav/
Oyrm-rwlyDawmifydkif;buf
raygi;f csiw
f o
hJ &l w
dS ,f/ ajrmuf
ydkif;rSmvnf; xdkenf;vnf;
aumif;yJ aygi;f csiw
f o
UJ &l w
dS ,f?
yl;'dkifxGef; (csif;wdk;wufa&;
ygwDtwGif;a&;rSL; -1)
ar; - 'Dy;l aygi;f a&;eJY ywfowf
Ny;D awmh aqG;aEG;jzpfcw
hJ m b,f
ESpBf urd af vmufvyk jf zpfv?J b,f
tcsed u
f aepNy;D awmh paqG;aEG;
jzpfwmvJ/
ajz - 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ
NyD ; awmh 'D Z if b mvxJ r S m
wpfcgaqG;aEG;w,f? tJ'DrSm
CNP twG i f ; a&;rS L ;&,f ?
CPP twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJY&,feJY
tJ'DrSmwpfcg aqG;aEG;jzpfcJh
w,f? yl;aygif;a&;udpö rltm;
jzifh olwdkYtzGJYu oabmwlcJh
w,f? (aemufawmh 2011
ysufoGm;w,f)? 2012 ESpfrSm
jyefvkyfw,f? jyefvkyfwmu
ESpfzufygwDu joint committee (yl ; aygif ; a&;aumf r wD ) ?
zGJY NyD;awmh ESpfzuf committee awGoHk;cgawGYw,f? 2012
rSm oHk;cgawGYw,f/ yxr?
'kwd,rSmwkef;u oabmwlcJh
wmu yl ; aygif ; yH k r l t m;vH k ;
oabmwlcJhw,f/ aemufNyD;
tajccHrlawG csrSwfcJhw,f/
oabmwlnDcsufawG vkyfcJh
w,f? Joint Committte tae
raygif;csifwJUol&Sdw,f/ aygif;
w,fqdkwmtiftm;BuD;csifvdkh
aygif;wmyJav/ wu,fvdkh
aygif;NyD;rS tiftm;avsmhoGm;
rSmudkvnf;BudKwifrwGufxm;
&if'gajcvSr;f rSm;wm jzpfomG ;rSm
ayg/h 'gav;udk uReaf wmfwchkd sifh
csdefNyD;oHk;oyfaewmyg/ ygwD
Ouú|ae&muavQmufavQmuf
ajymaewmyg/ bmrSrqdik yf gb;l /
ar;/ /csif;jynfolawGuaum
yl;aygif;wmeJh uGJjym;rItay:
b,f[mydv
k ckd sirf ,fvw
hkd ifv/J
ajz/ /A[kad umfrwD tcsi;f csi;f
aqG;aEG;wmxufjynfolawG&JY
toHudkem;axmif&ifawmh ydk
tqifajyvdrfhr,f/ ajym&wm
enf;enf;cufao;w,f/wcsdKY
ae&mrS m uG i f ; qif ; NyD ; awmh
aygi;f &jcif;&JaY umif;usKd ;eJq
h ;kd usKd ;
awGeo
hJ w
l &dhk t
YJ jrifuekd m;axmif
NyD;rS&Sif;jy? tJovdkrvkyfbJeJh
aygif;csifw,fqdkNyD; A[kdXme
csKyfrSmaygif;&ifawmh tjcm;
uRefawmfwdkhudkxm;oGm;w,f
qdkNyD; tjcm;ygwDrSm oGm;aygif;
vdkuf&ifaygif; &wmtusdK;r&Sd
awmhbl;av/ tJ'guRefawmfpdk;
&d r f w myg/ wpf c sd K Y Nrd K Y e ,f u
aygif;csifw,fqdkNyD;awmh jynf
oltrsm;pk&JYpnf;&Hk;a&;rvkyfbJ
eJh aygif;csifwmcsnf;udkyJ uRef
wmfwdkhworwfwnf;oGm;ae
awmhrJtNydKif&zdkhu taumif;
xuf tqdk;jzpfEdkifw,fav/
tJ'geHygwfwpftcsuf? 'kwd,
tcsuu
f awmh aygi;f Ny;D rSwpfO;D
eJhwpfOD; tjrifrSmvnf;Munf
vifzdkhvdkw,f/ awmfMumae
aygif;NyD;rS jyefuGJoGm;wmrsdK;?
pdw0f rf;uGo
J mG ;wmrsKd ; r&Sad tmif
awmh BudKwifowdxm;&wm
ayghav/ aygif;NyDqdk&ifawmh
ruGJpwrf;aygh/ jyefuGJr,fhyHkpH
awmh twdwfrSmawGY cJYw,f
av/ ud,
k u
f aygi;f csiw
f m? tif
tm;aumif;csifw,fqdkwmu
wpfu@?aygif;NyD;rS twlwl
vkyv
f rhkd &wJt
U ydik ;f &SEd ikd o
f vm;/
uRefawmfwdkh wpfOD;eJhwpfOD;
od y f o d M uwmr[k w f b l ; av/
'gaMumifhjznf;jznf; oGm;wm
rrSm;bl;/Ouú|taeeJh ud,
k yhf gwD
0ifawGtm;vH;k yl;aygi;f csiw
f ,f
vdkhxifygovm;? r&Sdbl;/zvrf;
rSmusawmh yl;aygif;r,fqdkwJU
toHMum;wmeJhrBudKufMubl;
av/wD;wderf mS a&m NrKd eY ,fawmf
awmfrsm;rsm;rSmrBudKufMubl;/
wcsdKYNrdKYe,fusawmh BudKufjyef
w,f/ NrdKYe,fwpfckeJhwpfcku
rwlb;l / aygi;f csiv
f hkd aygi;f r,f
qdk&ifawmh trSwfavsmhenf;
roGm;atmif tiftm;awmihf
wif;csiv
f hkd yl;aygi;f csiw
f ,fqkd
&if a wmh 'gud k M unf U & r,f /
ay:vpDtydkif;rSmvnf; wcsdKY
ae&m awmfawmfrsm;rsm; n§d&
r,fh tydik ;f &Sw
d ,f/ Ouú|ae&m
wdkhuawmh tao;trTm;yg/
eJ Y tJ ' D o abmwl n D c suf u d k
tajccHrla&m ESpfzuf CEC
wifzdkYqHk;jzwfcJhw,f/ ESpfzuf
CEC wifwJhtcg CNP zuf
uawmh Joint Committee &JY
qH k ; jzwf c suf u d k tuk e f v H k ;
oabmwl w ,f / 'gayr,f h
*CePuawmh tcsufESpf
csufudk jyifay;qdkNyD;awmif;zdkh
CEC qHk;jzwfcJhw,f/ tJ'D
tcsufESpfcsuf jyifr,fhudpöu
CNP/CPP yl a ygif ; vd k Y & S d & if
Ouú | ud k CPP zuf u ,l z d k Y ?
e,u udk CNP zufu,lzdkY?
aemuftaxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;
udk CNP u,lzdkY? usefwJh
committee 0ifawmh tnDtrQ
a&G;NyD;awmrStzGJY0ifudk 24 OD;
tjzpf ,m,DoabmwlcJhw,f
/ CEC &JY oabmwlnDcsuf
aygh/ tJ'DrSmuGJvGJwmu yxr
Joint Committee oabmwl
wkef;u Ouú| CNP ,lzdkY?
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rl;udk CPP
,lzdkY tJ'DESpfckyJ enf;enf;
uGJvGJaew,f/ aemuf,m,D
aumfrwD&hJ oufwrf;u t&if
u 6v vdkY Joint Committee uowfrSwfcJhw,f/ 'gay
r,fh CPP u oabmrwl
cJhbl;? vufrcHbl;/
ar;- ygwD E S p f c k y l ; aygif ; r,f
qdktusdK;awG&SdEkdifNyD;? ryl;aygif;
&ifaum b,fvdkrsdK;qdk;usdK;
&SdEkdifovJ
ajz - aygif ; &if a wmh t rsd K ;
om;a&; tukev
f ;kH oabmxm;
wdkufqdkifr,f? oabmxm;
nDr,f? aemufyl;aygif;&if rJ
qE´e,fwdkif;rSm Ekdifzdkhtvm;
tvm&Sw
d ,f/ryl;aygi;f &ifawmh
MuHUcdkifa&;ujzpfjzpf? NLD u
jzpfjzpfuRefawmfwdkhudk tEdkif
,lEdkifr,fhtajcae&Sdw,f/
ar;-ESpfzufygwD&YJ joint committee 0ifawG[mESpfygwDtm;
vH;k udk ud,
k pf m;jyKw,fvhdk ajym
vkdh&rvm;/
ajz - tukev
f ;kH ud,
k pf m;jyKwm
awmhr[kwb
f ;l / CEC uk,
d pf m;
olwu
Ukd vkyyf ikd cf iG ahf y;xm;wmyg/
qHk;jzwfydkifcGifhray;bl;/ tNyD;
owfqHk;jzwfydkifcGifhu CEC
rSmyJ&Sdw,f/
ar; - csi;f ygwaD wGtaeeJh ygwD
wpfcw
k nf;jzpfwmaumif;ovm;?
ygwDuGJwmydk aumif;ovm;/
ajz - ygwDwpfckwnf;jzpfwm
taumif;qHk;aygh/ csif;rSm wpf
ygww
D nf;&S&d if pnf;vH;k nDnw
G f
rIydk&Sdwmaygh/
ar; - wu,fvkdh raygif;Ekdif
bl;qdk&if vmr,fh 2015 a&G;
aumufyrJG mS NyKd izf ufjynfrygwD
awGu,
kd OS Ef ikd rf ,fvx
hdk ifovm;/
ajz - ryl;aygif;Ekdif&if&wJh
ud,
k pf m;vS,u
f awmh&MurSmyJ/
CNP a&m? CPP a&m? ZCD?
ENDP vnf ; &S d a o;w,f ?
t"ducsi;f rSm (4) ygw&D w
dS ,f/
NLD 0ifvmr,f? aemufjynf
cdkifNzdK;vnf;&Sdr,f? tukefvHk;
rJuu
JG ek rf mS aygAh sm/ tjywfowf
Ekid w
f ,fqw
dk mt&rf;&Sm;oGm;Ny/D
12
pDtJefyDESifU pDyDyDwdkhyl;aygif;awmh
2010 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif tEdkif&&SdcJhMuaom csif;ygwDBuD;ESpfckjzpfonfU
csif;trsdK;om;ygwD(pDtJefyD)ESifh csif;wdk;wufa&;ygwD(pDyDyD) wdkUonfa&G;aumufyGJ
tNyD ; yl ; aygif ; a&;aqG ; aEG ; rI r sm;jyKvk y f w m 2013 wd k i f c J h y gNyD / csif ; jynf o l o m;rsm;
omrutjcm;Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD r sm;taejzif h v nf ; csif ; ygwD B uD ; ES c k y l ; aygif ; a&;ud p ö t m;
yl;ZkefvS,fxef;
csif;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
ar;/ /yl;aygif;a&;MuefhMumwm
bmaMumifUvdkhxifygovJ/
ajz/ /Mumw,f r Mumbl ; qd k
wmusawmh uReaf wmfwphkd yD yD D
bufuae tjrefaygi;f &atmif
awmhrvdkcsifbl;av/NyD;awmh
t"dujyoemubmvJqdkawmh
Mum;umvav;rSm Ouú|u
b,fov
l yk rf vJqw
kd UJ jyóem
yJ/ uReaf wmfwb
hkd ufu yl;aygi;f
a&;aumfrwDzw
YJG maygah emf/ tJ'D
tzGJYeJY CNP yl;aygif;a&; aumf
rwDnEd§ iId ;f w,f? aqG;aEG;w,f/
aqG;aEG;wJt
U csed rf mS olwb
hkd uf
jyóemu yl;aygif;wJUMum;
umvrSmtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf
yGJrvkyfcsifbl;/ Mum;umvrSm
pDtJefyDbufuae Ouú|vkyf
r,f? twGif;a&;rSL;udk CPP
bufuaevkyfNyD;awmhem,u
udk CPP bufudkay;r,fqdkNyD;
awmhtJ'Dvdkvmw,f/ 'Dbuf
ydkif;rSmjyefaqG;aEG;w,f/ CPP
CECrSmayghaemf/ jyefaqG;aEG;
wJcU sed rf mS yl;aygi;f a&;aumfrwDrmS
rygwo
UJ al wGu'guawmh CNP
buf u propose tqd k j yK
wmjzpfEikd w
f ,fvahkd 0zefo;kH oyf
w,f/ n§dEIdif;rIvkyfwJUcsdefrSm
cifAsm;uolrsm;udk propose
vkyfwJUtcsdefrSm cifAsm;taeeJh
vnf;cifAsm;ay;wJUtqdkjyKrIudk
olwdkhucifAsm;udk ay;vdkufvdkh
&Sd&if cifAsm;uvnf; ,l&rSm
aygh/ tJ'grS fair propose jzpf
rSmav/ cifAsm;u'gawGjzpf
apcsif w,fvdkhtqdkjyKrI oGm;
vkyfNyD;awmhcifAsm; propose
vkyfwJUtwkdif; cifAsm;wdkhvkyf
qd&k if 'Dur,lEikd b
f ;l qd&k if tJ'D
propose ufair propose rjzpf
Ed k i f b l ; av/ 'guuRef a wmf h
tjrif/ tJ'Dcsdefusawmh uRef
awmfwdkhtqdkjyefjyKwmyg/tqdk
jyefjyKwmudk CECuoabm
wlzkdUvdkw,fav/ CPP buf
uae Mum;umvrSm Ouú|vkyf
r,f/ pDtJefyDutwGif;a&;rSL;
vkyf? NyD;awmh CNP bufu
em,uvkyf/ tJ'DrSmxGufvm
wJUyHkpHtwdkif;uRefawmfwdkhbuf
ujyef propose vk y f w ,f /
'D[mudkvufcH&ifyl;aygif;r,f
qdkNyD;awmh CEC rSm qHk;jzwf
csuv
f yk v
f u
kd w
f ,f/ tJNy;D awmh
olwdkhudkydkhw,f/ ydkhwJUtcsdefrSm
CNPbuf u vuf r cH E d k i f b l ; /
tJ'DtajctaerSm ckxdaqG;
aEG ; rI r jzpf E d k i f a wmh b l ; qd k N yD ;
tvkyfrjzpfao;wmav/ uRef
awmfh wpfa,mufwnf;tjrif
yg/ygwD t jrif r [k w f y gbl ; /
'DOuú|udb
k ,fov
l yk rf ,f qdw
k UJ
jyóem/Ouú|qdw
k muReaf wmf
wdhk taxGaxGa&G;aumufyv
JG yk f
wJU tcsdefrSm trsm;ua&G;wJU
vlu vkyfrSmyJav/ 'D(6)v
umvav;rSm b,fol Ouú|
vkyfrvJqdkwm jyóem &Sdae
w,fvdkhuRefawmfjrifw,f/
ar;/ /Mum;umvqdw
k myl;aygi;f
a&;aqG;aEG;pOfumvudkajym
wmvm;/
ajz/ /(6)vvnf;jzpfEdkifw,f?
(1)ESpfvnf;jzpfEdkifw,f/
ar;/ /ygwED pS cf yk ;l aygi;f &ifaum
b,fvdktusdK;&SdNyD; bmawG
qHk&SLH;EdkifrvJ/ ryl;aygif;EdkifcJU
&ifaum b,fvdktusdK;&SdNyD;
bmawGqHk;½IH;EdkifrvJ/
ajz/ /yl;aygif;&ifydkNyD;tiftm;
awmifrh ,fvjhkd rifwo
UJ al wGtrsm;
Bu;D &Sw
d mayg/h tck,OS Nf yKd icf w
UJ ek ;f
uqdk rwlyDbufqdk&ift"du
aygh/ uRefawmfwdkhyl;aygif;&if
ydEk ikd Ef ikd f w,fvt
hkd oHxu
G v
f m
w,f/ csif;ygwDawGyl;aygif;&if
trsm;Bu;D Edik rf ,fvv
hkd t
l rsm;Bu;D
uoHk;oyfw,f/ yl;aygif;&if
wpfygwjD zpfomG ;w,f/wpfygwD
jzpfoGm;&if 'DtusdK;uawmh
vuf&SdtajccHOya'rjyifbJeJh
awmifrS trwfrSm majority
,lEikd &f ifawmh vTwaf wmfOuú|
wdkh 'kOuú|wdkhygwDuae,lEdkif
r,f/NyD;awmh udk,fvdkcsifwJU
Oya'awGjyKEikd rf ,f/ vTwaf wmf
rSmvnf; 'DbufuvdkcsifwJU
twdkif;jzpfvmr,faygh/ tJ'D
csdefrSm 0efBuD;csKyfudk or®wu
cefhwmjzpf&ifawmifrS vTwf
awmfuekd mcH&awmhrmS ayg/h vTwf
awmfudkemcH&wJUcsdefusawmh
csif;ygwDawG&JY ay:vpDtwdkif;
csi;f jynfe,frmS jzpfvmrSmav/
Ny;D awmhtajccHOya'jyifEikd rf ,f?
wu,fhjynfaxmifpkppfppfudk
oG m ;Murvm;? jynf e ,f u d k
udk,fhudk,fudkjyXmef;cGifhtrsm;
Bu;D ay;wJU tqifrh mS a&mufvm
vd&hk &dS ifvnf; ESpyf gwyD ;l aygi;f Ny;D
majority jzpf v mr,f q d k & if
tpd;k &vkyEf ikd w
f ,fav/ Ny;D awmh
trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ ryl;aygif;
bJ e J h c sif ; ygwD u majority
&r,f? rJvnf;trsm;BuD;&r,f
qd&k ifawmh [drk mS vnf; oGm;uGJ
Edik w
f muk;d / Edik if aH &;upm;zkahd wG
rSmaygh/ tjcm;aom twdkuf
tcHygwDawGeJYrsm;BuD;&Sdygao;
w,f/ ygwu
D pd eö ahJ jymr,fq&kd if
awmh tusdK;ydkrsm;rSmyg/
ar;/ /ryl;aygif;&ifaum vm
r,fh 2015 a&G;aumufyGJrSm
Nyd K if b uf j ynf r ygwD a wG u d k
,SONf yKd iEf ikd rf ,fvx
hkd ifygovm;?
csif;jynfe,frSm csif;ygwDawG
adventage jzpfEdkifrvm;aygh/
ajz/ /bmvdrhk ,SONf yKd iEf ikd &f rSmvJ/
tckvnf;,SONf yKd iaf e&wmyJav/
csif;ygwDawG majority jzpfzdkh
qdkwm ajym&cufw,f/ udk,fh
t&nftcsi;f ay:rmS vnf;rlwnf
rSmayg/h olwyhkd gw&D t
YJ &nftcsi;f ?
vTwaf wmftrwfu,
kd pf m;vS,f
awG&t
YJ &nftcsi;f awGrmS trsm;
BuD;rlwnfygw,f/ ordkif;rSm
Munfrh ,fq&kd ifawmh csi;f rSmawGY
&wmu a&G ; aumuf y G J p wJ U
ygvDrefacwfuwnf;u csif;
ygwDuyJ majority EdkifwmyJ/
Ny;D awmh 1990 a&G;aumufyrJG mS
vnf; csif;ygwDuyJEdkifwmyJ/
2010 rSmvnf; rqdk;bl;av/
awmfawmfEdkifwmyJav/
ar;/ /uGJjym;aewJUygwDESpfck
taeeJu
h ,
kd yhf gwu
D csi;f wpfrsKd ;
om; vHk;udkNcHKiHkEdkifw,fvdkhjrif
ygovm;/
ajz/ / CPPuawmh csif ; &J Y
wpfjynfe,fvHk;eD;yg;ayghaemf/
[m;cg;? xefwvefuvGJvdkhEdkif
cJUwmyJ/ uav;?wrl;csif;awG
trsm;qHk;ae&mrSmvnf; oGm;
NydKifNyD;EdkifcJUwmyJav/
ar;/ /pDyyD &D t
YJ axGaxG twGi;f
a&;rSL;taeeJh uGjJ ym;rIeyhJ ;l aygi;f rI
tay:csif;jynfolawGu b,f
[mudkydkvdkcsifr,f vdkhxifyg
ovJ/
ajz/ /csif;jynfoltrsm;pku
yl ; aygif ; wmud k v d k c sif w ,f /
tJ'gaMumifh yl;aygif;wmudk
vdkufavsmwmyJav/
16 February 2013
rSmvm;? ryl;aygif;awmhbl;vm;
pd w f 0 if w pm;apmif h M unf h v suf & S d y gonf / xd k U a Mumif h c sif ; ygwD M uD ; ES p f c k \ yl ; aygif ; a&;
udpötqifajyrajycsif;jynfolom;pmzwfy&dwfowfrsm;taejzifhem;vnfoHk;oyfEkdif&ef
ESpfzufygwD wm0ef&Sdolrsm;\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufrsm;udk azmfjyvdkuf&ygonf/
qvdik ;f [ke;f xGe;f a*
yl;ZdkZrf
csif;trsdK;om;ygwDOuú|
ar;/ /ajymoHMum;&wmuawmh
yl;aygif;a&;cufwmOuú|ae&m
vd k h a jymMuw,f / tJ ' D a y:rS m
bmrsm;ajymcsifovJ/
ajz/ /uRef a wmf u awmh
tJ'gudkvufrcHbl;/ bmvdkhvJ
qdkawmh Ouú|ae&mut"du
csi;f jynfoal wG a&G;wJo
U u
l &rSm
yg/ uRefawmfvnf;yJ jynfol
urBudKufbl; ra&G;bl;qdk&if
tcsdefra&G;yg? reufjzefuRef
awmfhudkqif;cdkif;&if uRefawmf
qif;rSmyg? 'gav;ygyJ/
ar;/ /Ouú|taeeJhudk,fh
ygwD 0 if awG t m;vH k ; [myl ;
aygif;vdkpdwf &SdMuw,fvdkhxif
ygovm;/
ajz/ /Ouú|taeeJhuawmh
uReaf wmhq
f E´r[kwb
f ;l / ygwD
0iftm;vH;k &Jq
Y E´uv
kd u
kd af vQmuf
zdt
hk qifoifyh gy/J 'gaMumifh cke
uRefawmfajymwJUpum; Ouú|
ae&maygh tukefvHk; em;cdkif;
w,fq&kd if uReaf wmfcsucf si;f
em;yghr,f/ uRefawmfuawmh
t"dujynfol&JYqE´yg/t"du
jynfolu rJay;rSmjzpfw,f/
uRef a wmf w d k h E d k i f i H a &;Ouú |
vkyfw,fqdkwm uRefawmfwdkh
tMurf;wdkufzkdhyg/ tckNyD;oGm;
NyDqdkawmh vli,fawG&JYvuf
xJuOkd uú|? 'kOuú|ae&mwdu
hk kd
uRefawmf ay;csifwmyg/
qvkid ;f usJtb
kd cd af xmif; (csif;trsdK;om;ygwD taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;)
ar; - yxrqHk;taeeJU CNP taeeJUyl;aygif;a&;udpö vkyfvmwJh
tqufquf b,fESBudrfvkyfvmcJhvJ/ b,fuaepNyD;yl;aygif;a&;
udpövkyfvmcJhvJqdkwmodcsifygw,f/
ajz - uReaf wmfwb
hkd ufuajymvk&hd &dS ifawmh uGu
J wnf;u tckxd
jyefraygif;Ekdifblaygh/ a&G;aumufyGJrwdkifcifrSmyJ pDyDyDbufuolwdkh
aumfrwD0iftcsKd eY n
hJ Nd§ y;D ? yl;'dik x
f eG ;f eJn
h Nd§ y;D awmh uReaf wmfwahkd wG&Y
atmif? aumfrwDtcsi;f csi;f awG&Y atmifqNkd y;D useaf wmfuyJpcJw
h ,f/
t&ifurf;vSrf;awmh uRefawmfwdkh&Hk;csKyfrSm uRefawmfwdkhESpfygwD
awGYcJhw,f/ pufwifbmvavmufxifw,f/
ar; - tpuajymoGm;wJh ryl;aygi;f &ifrjzpfb;l qdw
k rhJ el hJ qufawGMY u
w,fvahdk jymw,f/ tJ'g[mbmaMumifv
h /J ryl;aygi;f &ifr&bl;qdw
k m
bmaMumifhvJ/
ajz - yl;aygif;zdkhbmaMumifhvJqdkawmhtcsufrSm (1) uRefawmfwdkh
vufvrS ;f rDorQ csi;f jynfwpfvmT ;udo
k mG ;awmh jynfov
l x
l u
k awmh
yl;aygif;zdkhajymaew,f/ tifwmeufrSmqdkvnf; jynfolvlxku
b,fawmhyl;aygif;jzpfrvJqdkwm ar;aew,fqdkawmh uRefawmf
xifw,f/ jynfov
l x
l yk ;l aygi;f zdw
hk pfceJ uftm;ay; wdu
k w
f eG ;f w,f
vkchd pH m;w,f/ (2) usawmfwahkd wmfveS af &;urNy;D ao;bl;? 'Dcsed [
f m
awmfveS af &;umvrNy;D ao;bl;/ 'Dawmh tJ'u
D mvrSm uReaf wmfwhkd
uGJvkdhrjzpfbl;/ uRefawmfwdkhu zuf'&,f&wJhtcsefrSmusawmh
csi;f ygwD (50)uGu
J ?JG (100)uGu
J u
JG pd rö &Sb
d ;l / *&krpdu
k b
f ;l / zuf'&,f
eJh 'Drkdua&pDtjynf0r&ao;cifrSm csif;ygwDuGJvkdhrjzpfbl;qdkwJh
rl&adS ew,f/ (3) aemufusawmfwMUkd unfv
h u
kd rf ,fq&kd if uReaf wmf
wdkh&JY vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;uaeNyD;awmh jynfaxmifpk
tqifha&m? jynfe,ftqifhvTwfawmftm;vHk; CPP u(12)OD;?
CNP u(10)OD;uvufrSwfxdk;NyD;NyD/ NrdKYe,faumfrwDrsm;utp
yl;aygi;f zdw
hk u
kd w
f eG ;f Ny;D Ny/D 'gaMumifh uReaf wmfw'hkd t
D csed rf mS A[du
k ae
Adkvfvkyfcsifvkdhraumif;bl;/ tJ'DoHk;csufawGaygh/
ar; - pDtJefyD?pDyDyDyl;aygif;a&;udpöeJU ygwfowfNyD;awmh aemufqHk;
aqG;aEG;rIrmS b,fvrkd sKd ;aqG;aEG;jzpfNy;D bmawGoabmwlncD suaf wG
&cJhvJ/
ajz - aemufqHk;aqG;aEG;rIqHk;jzwfcJhwmawmh Road Map qGJxm;
wm&Sdw,f/ Road Map qdkwmu tqifhoHk;qifhaygh/ tJ'Duae
yl;aygi;f a&;udk uReaf wmfwhkd taumifxnfazmfr,fayg/h tJ'guEkd pS f
zuf CEC udyk aYkd wmh uReaf wmfwhkd CEC uawmhtukev
f ;kH twnf
jyKNyD;NyD/ olwdkhbufvnf; twnfjyKNyD/ 'gayr,fholwdkhbufu
ar;/ /Ouú | taeeJ h 2015
rwdkifrDyl;aygif;Edkifr,fvdkhxif
ygovm;/
ajz/ /uReaf wmfwb
hkd ufuawmh
&mEI e f ; jynf h x if x m;ygw,f /
'gayr,f h y l ; aygif ; a&;qd k w m
vuf 0 g;ES p f b uf p vH k ; &d k u f r S
vuf c k y f o H u jrnf w muk d ; /
vuf0g;wpfbufwnf;eJhawmh
vufcyk o
f u
H Mkdum;&rSmr[kwb
f ;l /
ar;/ /yl;aygif;a&;aqG;aEG;rI
umvrSm pDyDyDbufuENDP,
ZCD wdkYeJhawGYqHkrItay: bm
rsm; ajymcsifygovJ/
ajz/ /tJ'guawmhuReaf wmfw
h hkd
&JY twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJYyg/ txl;
ojzifu
h Reaf wmhw
f &hkd YJ taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; ust
J b
kd cd af xmif;
udk Free ay;NyD;om;jzpfw,f/
yl;aygi;f a&;eJyY wfoufvv
hkd ;kH vH;k
vsm;vsm;olwu
hkd t
kd yfxm;w,f/
uRefawmfvnf;olhwdkhudk vHk;0
Free ay;xm;ygw,f/
qvkdif;rsdK;cspf
(csif;trsdK;om;ygwD
twGif;a&;rI; 3)
ar; - ESpfygwDyl;aygif;a&;rSm
qvk d if ;rsd K ;cspf t aeeJ h joint
committee rSmyg0ifvm;/
ajz - [kwfuJh/ ygygw,f
ar; - yl;aygi;f a&;tpnf;ta0;
rSm b,fESBudrfwufjzpfvJ/
ajz - av;ig;Budrfavmuf
wufjzpfw,f/
ar; - tckcsif;trsdK;om;ygwD
yl;aygif;aqG;aEG;yGJrSm t"du
tm;r&wJt
h csuaf wGubmvJ/
ajz - t"dutm;r&wmawmh
ygwDvlawGu yGifhyGifhvif;vif;
r&SdwmrsdK;aygh/ wu,fhpdwf&if;
xJu[mudkrajymbl;/ NyD;&if
yg;pyf e J h ajymwmeJ h t jyif r S m
vkyfwmrwlnDwmawG&Sdw,f/
NyD;awmh vlrqHkwmrsdK;awG&Sd
w,f/ OyrmbmaMumifv
h aJ wmh
rodbl; wpfckckudk taMumif;
jyNyD;rS jzpfEkdifajcr&Sdatmif
vrf;vTJwJh[mrsdK;awG&Sdw,fvkdh
uRefawmfuawmhxifw,f/
ar; - tJv&dk adS ew,fqw
kd mu
ud,
k yhf gww
D iG ;f vm;/ [dzk ufygwD
wGif;vm;/
ajz - [dzk ufuvkahd wmh r[kwf
bl;/ tm;vHk;vdkhyJ uRefawmf
rltm;jzifo
h abmwlqNkd y;D twnfjyKw,f/ tJ'gupkd yD yD aD jyma&;qdck iG hf
&Sdol OD;&Sdef;xGef;uaeNyD;awmh Chin World Online Media udk
wifcw
hJ ,f/ pOf;pm;p&maumif;wmu ESpyf gwpD vH;k u A[dt
k qifu
h
ae rltm;jzifh oabmwlNyD;NyDqdkawmh b,frSmwpfaeovJaygh/
cufwmu uRefawmfwdkhuESpfzufyl;aygif;a&; nDvmcHMuawmh
rac:Ekdifbl;jzpfaew,f/ tJ'Dae&mrSmwpfaew,f/
ar; - yl;aygif;a&;udpöaqG;aEG;wJh umvtwGif;rSm t"dupdefac:
csufu b,f[maMumifh MuefhMumw,fvkdhxifvJ/
ajz - t"duawmh uReaf wmftNraJ jymaew,f/ vuf&t
dS ajcaerSm
tckvdk 70% uyl;aygi;f zdt
hk qifoifjh zpfaeNy?D tckuReaf wmfajymovkd
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGtm;vHk;aum? NrdKYe,faumfrwDaum?
A[dkaumfrwDawGutrsm;pkjzpfaeNyDqdkawmh b,fem;rSmoGm;wpf
aewmvJ/ oGm;wpfwJhae&mudkajym&r,fqdk&ifawmh 100% rSm
10% yJ&Sdw,f/ tJ'DvlawGu uefhvefhvkyfaew,f/ tJ'D[mu
bmaMumifhvJpOf;pm;vdkhr&bl;/ 'gayr,fhcefhrSef;rdoavmufqdk&if
olwdkhrSm Precondition(BudKwifjyifqifrI) &Sdw,f/ precondition
qdw
k muawmhajym&r,fqv
kd &hdk &dS if ae&mjyoemwpfcv
k hkd uReaf wmf
xifw,f/
ar; - NyD;awmh tapmuajymwJh 70% uyl;aygif;zdkhtqifoifh
jzpfaeNyD? 10% yJusefw,fqdkwm b,fygwDudkajymaewmygvJ/
ajz - 'D[muajymzdkhawmhapmao;w,f/ uRefawmfwdkhuawmh
ajymajymaew,f/ rMumcifaemufqHk;&xm; uRefawmfarmif;&
awmhr,f/ yl;aygif;csifwJhvlawGtm;vHk;uayghAsm/ 'D 70%awGu
aemufqHk;&xm;armif;wJhcsdefMu&if rMumrD&xm;xGufawmhr,f/
13
jrifrdw,f
ar; - aemufqHk;wpfcku ygwD
ESpfygwD[m 2015 rwdkifrD
yl;aygif;Ekdifr,fvkdhxifvm;/
ajz - yl;aygif;raygif;udkawmh
rajymcsifawmhbl;/ jzpfudkjzpf
&r,fvkdhyJajymcsifygw,f/
ar; - yl;aygif;a&;rSmudpöudk
vlxktm;vHk;u vufcHr,fvdkh
xifovm;/
ajz - vlxkawGuawmht&if
uwnf;uzdtm;ay;aew,f/
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG
vnf;yl;aygif;zdkh BudKufaewJh
tajcaerSm&Sad ew,f/ qdak wmh
A[dktqifhacgif;aqmifydkif;awG
rSm t"duwm0ef&Sdvmw,f/
2015 rS m csif ; jynf e ,f r S m
csif;jynfrSm tpdk;&zGJYcGifh&zdkh&m
csi;f vlrsKd ;awGuw
kd ;kd wufapcsif
wJholawGeJhrS igwdkhcsif; tem
*wf[m vSyEdkifrSmjzpfw,f/
qdkawmhyl;aygif;a&;rSmaygif;Edkif
atmifrvkyfwJhacgif;aqmifydkif;
awG&JYwm0efjzpfoGm;NyD/ orkdif;
uolwdkUudkb,fvkdajymrvJqdk
wmawmh olwdkUtckcsdefb,fvkd
qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfrvJqdkwJh
tay:rlwnfr,f/ olwdkUqHk;
jzwfcsufrSm;&if csif;awGem
r,f/ csi;f awGem&ifjynfoal wG
uolwdkhacgif;ay:vufn§dK;xdk;
awmhr,f/ w&m;cHjzpfoGm;Ekdif
w,f/
tJ'DtcgusefcJhwJholawG&Sd&ifayghAsm/ tJ'DvlawGay:vmrSmyg/
'gayr,fhb,folrSrusefcJhatmifqkawmif;ygw,f/ 'Dcsdefyl;aygif;zdkh
tqifoifhrjzpfao;wJh 10%EIef;udkvnf; uRefawmfawmif;yefyg
w,f/ jzpfEkdifvdkh&Sd&ifpdwfajymif;yg/ jzpfEdkif&if'Dyl;aygif;a&; rulnD
EkdifonfUwkdifatmif taESmuf,Sufray;ygeJh/ tJvkdyJajymcsifw,f/
ar; - csif;jynfolawGtaeeJh yl;aygif;wmeJhryl;aygif;wm
tJ'Dtay:csif;jynfolawGu b,f[mydkvdkcsifr,fvkdhxifvJ/
ajz - ajymcJhovkdyJ/ tm;vHk;uajymaeMuNyD/ rif;wyfrSmqdkrapmifh
Ekid v
f ahdk ygi;f vdu
k Nf y/D uReaf wmfwahkd umfrwD0iftcsKd Y NLD xJ0ifNy;D Ny/D
wD;wderf mS vnf; tJvadk jymaeMuw,f/ raygi;f csiw
f o
hJ b
l ,fo&l w
dS m
vJqdkwm uRefawmfpOf;pm;r&jzpfaew,f/
ar; - ygwDESpfckryl;aygif;EdkifcJhvkdU&Sd&if csif;EkdifiHa&;rSm b,fvdkrsdK;
aumif;usdK;awG&SdEdkifrvJ/ ryl;aygif;&ifaum b,fvdkrsdK;qdk;usdK;
awGjzpfoGm;EkdifvJ/
ajz - 'gawmfawmfudkaumif;wJh ar;cGef;jzpfygw,f/ ryl;aygif;Edkif
vdkh&Sd&if odwJhtwdkif;yJcku pdwf"mwfawGuGJukefNyD? wpfcsufu
pdw"f mwfuu
kd csi;f awGuw
JG ,fqw
kd [
hJ mawGjzpfw,f/ aemufwpfck
u 2010a&G;aumufyGJrSm pDtJefyD? pDyDyD0ifNydKifwJhae&mawGudk
MunfUr,fqkd&if Oyrm-rif;wyf? uefyufvufwdkYrSm rJaygif;&if
BuHHUckdifa&;rJudk uRefawmfwdkYausmfw,f/ csif;ygwDuGJjcif;&JY a&G;
aumufyGJwGif;qdk;usdK;aygh/ pDtJefyD? pDyDyDrJaygif;a&; usdef;ao&if
BuzUH rYHG u
J v
kd ;kH 0ausmw
f ,f/ aemufNy;D awmh uGjJ ym;aejcif;u uReaf wmf
wdpYk nf;&H;k a&;qif;wJt
h cg tajctaeraumif;bl;/ csi;f awGuw
JG ,f
qdkwJh[myJ jzpfaew,f/ tm;omcsuftaeeJY ajym&r,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if
pDteJ yf ?D pDyyD v
D w
T af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,af ygi;f &if ESpq
f ,fausmw
f ,f/
ESpq
f ,fausmv
f &Ydk &dS if jrefrmEdik if v
H uf&ydS gwt
D Bu;D qH;k xJrmS BucUH ikd af &;
NyD;&if tJeft,fvf'DNyD;&if tBuD;qHk;eHygwfig;ae&m&vdrfhr,f/
cGet
f m;awGpv
k mvd&Yk &dS if Edik if w
H umrSma&m wdik ;f &if;om;ygwaD wGqD
rSma&m jynfrygwDawGqDrSma&m ußGefawmfwdkYbmrSrsufESmi,f
p&mrvdkbl;/ tck[mu tm;enf;enf;av;yJ&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh
uGJaew,f/ csif;ESpfygwDaygif;&if 2015 rSm csif;ygwDvHk;0
tEdkif&ap&r,fqdkwJh[mudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rJhtydkif;jzpfw,f/
ar; - bmrsm;xyfjznfUpGufcsifygao;ovJ/
ajz - wpfckawmhjznfUpGufcsifygw,f/ 'Dvdkyl;aygif;a&;rSm
OD;'dik x
f eG ;f wdv
Yk kd q&mi,fy;D wkv
Yd kd q&mapmjrwdv
Yk kd OD;ausmNf ird ;f wdv
Yk kd
olwdkYvdkrsdK;tm;vHk;pdwf"mwf&Sd&if ußGefawmfwdkYyl;aygif;a&;u tck
avmufMumrSmr[kwfbl;/
Vol. 1, No.3
ar;/
/ csif;jynfe,fu
tqif;&JqkH;jynfe,fvkdY owf
rSwfcH&wJYtay: q&m&JYtjrif
okH;oyfcsufukd odcsifygw,f/
ajz/
/csif ; jynf e ,f u
tqif;&JqkH;jynfe,fjzpfw,f
aygah emf/jrefrmEkid if &H q
YJ if;&JraJG wrI
xkwfjyefwJU 2011 rSwfwrf;
t&qkd&if 26% yJ&Sdw,f/
rSwfwrf;u az:jywmuawmh
vlwpfa,mufu wpf&ufukd
tar&duef 1 a':vm atmuf
aiGvv
J ,
S Ef KS e;f t& qk&d ifawmh
850 usyfatmuf wpfvukd
25000 uae 30000 Mum;
avmufom&&Sdygw,f/ wpfv
ukd ESpfaomif;(okdh) okH;aomif;
w,f/ tJ'Dvdkjynfrudka&muf
oGm;MuwJt
U wGuf csi;f jynfe,f
rSmaeNy;D awmh pD;yGm;a&;vkyrf ,fh
vlawGxuf jynfwiG ;f xGuu
f ek f
Export vk y f r ,f h v l a wG x uf
a'orSmaexdik Nf y;D awmhrS jynfr
odrhk [kwf wjcm;Edik if u
H ydahk y;wJU
0ifaiGehJ wif;wdrw
f rUJ o
d m;pkawG
ydkrsm;vmw,f/ tJ'Dtcg jynf
e,f & J Y x G u f u k e f jynf e ,f & J Y
0ifaiGu tvdkvdkeJhusoGm;wJU
oabm&Sw
d ,f/ aemufwpfcu
k
bmvJqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkhu
a'otwGif;rSm odyfNyD;awmh
a&mif ; 0,f a zmuf u m;p&m
rvdb
k ;l / uReaf wmfwihkd ,fi,fu
aps;0,f w ,f q k d w J U [ mu
awmfao;wJhtcgrSm uRefawmf
wkdh&JY resource flow utjyif
ukda&mufukefw,f/ uRefawmf
wkw
hd idk ;f wJt
h cg csi;f jynfe,fudk
qif;&Jw,fvkdh ajymwmjzpfNyD;
csi;f vlrsK;d awGutqif;&Jq;Hk vkhd
ajymwmr[kwfbl;/ csif;jynf
e,fukdyx0Dtaetxm;t&
owfrSwfwmqkdawmh tJ'gukd
owdxm;zkv
hd w
dk ,f wjcm;ae&m
eJh Ekid if jH cm;rSmaewJh csi;f awGu
wu,f q if ; &J o vm;qk d w m
aemufxyfar;cGef; wpfckjzpf
w,f / csif ; jynf e ,f a wmh
qif;&J&if qif;&JEidk w
f ,f/ 'gay
r,fch si;f vlrsK;d awGawmh rqif;&J
bl;vdkh NcHKNyD;awmhajym&ifawmh
a'oawG u awmh yvuf 0 ?
xefwvefeJh r&mbufawGjzpf
NyD;awmh tJ'DbufawGrSm tck
xufxdjyef struggle rvkyfEkdif
ao;bl;/ atmufyidk ;f rSm recovery vkyfwJhEIef;u awmfawmf
ukdenf;oGm;w,f/ 'gukdjyef
Munfw
h t
hJ cgrmS csi;f jynfe,frmS
&SdwJh csif;vlrsKd;awGu okH;pGJEkdif
wJhtm;eJh wu,fhwu,f aps;
uGurf mS wwfvmwJu
h ek af ps;EIe;f
tm;ukd r,SOEf idk af wmhb;l / 'Dvdk
rsKd; uRefawmfwkdhcsif;jynfe,f
a&mifah &mif&h &J aJ eayr,fh wpfcck k
BuKaH wGv
Y u
dk &f wJt
h cgrsK;d rSmqk&d if
emvefxlEdkifwJhtwkdif;twm
awmfawmfenf;oGm;w,f/ cHEidk f
usifukduRefawmfwkdhvkHavmuf
atmif xdef;odrf;EkdifrIr&Sdawmh
wmrsKd;? Oyrmtm;jzifhukvm;
wefjrpfaMumif;? 'Djrpf[mqk&d if
csif;jynfe,frSm&SdwJhtBuD;qkH;
jrpfyJ/ awmfawmfav; Social
value jzpfw,f/ bmaMumifh
ukvwef;jrpfukdajym&vJqkd&if
'D{&d,mu'Daehywf0ef;usix
f ed ;f
odr;f a&;rSm jrefrmjynfrmS tnHU
qkH;pm&if; xJrSmygw,f/ tJ'D
awmh Fractile {&d,muae
Fragile {&d,mukd a&mufoGm;
w,f/ tJ'DykHpHrsKd;u csif;jynf
e,fudk bmawGxcd u
dk o
f mG ;apvJ
qkdawmh [m;cg;? zvrf;buf
awGrSmvnf; tyifpdkufwmyJ/
w,f/ tJ'gubmaMumifhvJ
qk d & if a wmh enf ; ynmaygh /
wu,fq&dk ifawmh ocifa,&I
u ausmufwkH;ukdaygifrkefhjzpf
atmifvkyfay;w,fqkdwJh[m
tJ'Dtkdif'D,mu tckolwkdhvkyf
aewJh oJaomifjyifawGudk aygif
rkew
hf pfenf;tm;jzifh pm;p&mjzpf
atmifvkyfEkdifw,f/ uRefawmf
wdYk oif,&l rSmutJ'gayg/h uRef
awmfwkdh csif;awmifrSmqkd&if
bmrSr&Sb
d ;l / 'gayr,f&h EdS ikd af o;
w,f/ tJ'guenf;ynmydkif;yJ/
csi;f vlrsK;d taeeJu
h vnf; enf;
ynmukt
d aJ vmuftm;ray;bl;/
csi;f vlrsK;d awGuusr;f pmausmif;
wwfr,f? oif;tkyfq&mvkyf
qvdkif;tdkufZufcif ajymwJh tqif;&JqHk;jynfe,f&JYtajz
Mum;avmufom &&Sdw,fvkdh
jrif&ygw,f/ wpfvukd ESpf
aomif;cGJ ok;H aomif;avmufom
&wJhvlawGonf csif;jynfe,f
wGif aexkid ;f oltrsm;pkjzpfonf
[k t"dyÜg,foufa&mufapyg
w,f/ 0ifaiGESifhajym&&if csif;
jynfe,fwGifaexkdifol trsm;
onfpkonf 0ifaiGtenf;qkH;
&&S d o l r sm;jzpf w ,f / tJ ' D v d k
jzpf&wJh taMumif;&if;ukd ajym
&&if yxrtcsufaeeJh xGuf
ukefukd aocsmwifykdhrI tae
txm;r&Sdwmaygh/ csif;jynf
e,frmS xGuu
f ek rf &Sw
d m r[kwf
bJ csif;jynfe,f&JY xGufukef
yef ; oD ; wk d Y vd a r® m f o D ; wk d h u
t&rf;aumif;w,f? csKdvnf;csKd
ygw,f/ uReaf wmfi,fi,fwek ;f
u csi;f jynfe,f ukvwef;jrpf
bufrSm tonfawG o,fwJh
vdar®mfjcif;awGu t&rf;csKdNyD;
t&rf;aumif;ygw,f/ wu,fh
wu,fMuawmh export control quality market computetion aps;uGufudkrxdef;csKyfEdkif
bl; jzpfaew,f/ aps;uGufudk
control rEdkifbl;qdkwmuawmh
export vkyfwJUtcg csif;jynf
e,fxGufukefawGu market
r&Sdwmr[kwfbJeJh wu,faps;
uGuaf &mufawmh tESrd cf &H wm
wd&hk w
dS ,f/ 'gaMumifh uReaf wmf
wdkh jynfe,frSm&SdwJUolawGu
jynfe,fxGufukefudk tm;pdkuf
NyD;awmhvkyfzdkh 'gayr,fh b,f
vdkrSvkyfvdkhr&wJUtcgusawmh
tJ'gut
kd csed af y;Ny;D awmh rvkyf
Muawmhbl;/ tJ'Dawmh market rSm tESdrfcHcJU&w,f? tJ'g
wpfckayghaemf/
aemuf ' k w d , wpf c k u awmh
ynma&;u uRef a wmf w d k h & J Y
OD ; wnf c suf j zpf v mw,f /
tJ'Dvdkynma&;udk a&G;wJUtcg
usawmh awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u
jynf r buf u d k a &muf o G m ;Mu
qvdkif;[kef;xGef;a*
awmfawmfux
kd ;l qef;wm? 'gukd
vlrsdK;jcm;awGvkyfwm/ csif;
awGqdkwmu wpfa,mufeJh
wpfa,muf ra&mif;aumif;bl;/
0,fpm;&w,fqdkwm csif;awG
xJrmS r&Sb
d ;l / ydu
k q
f aH wG tBu;D
tus,o
f ;kH Ny;D awmhrS a&mif;0,f
azmufum;p&mrvdkbl;/ uRef
awmfwdkh&JY Market udku wpf
a,mufeJhwpfa,mufwe*FaEG
aehrSawGYNyD; &SdwJhvlu r&SdwJU
vludkay;Mu/ tJ'Dvdkqkdawmh
uReaf wmfwq
hdk rD mS yku
d q
f t
H rsm;
Bu;D &SmNy;D awmY 0,f&a&mif;&wJh
tJvkdpepfuuRefawmfwkdhqDrSm
jynfruavmuf odyaf cwfrpm;
bl;aygh/ tJ'DawmhuRefawmfwkdh
csi;f jynfe,fxrJ mS jynfravmuf
aiGaMu;pD;qif;rIrjyif;xef;bl;ayg/h
'grsK;d uvnf;jynfe,f&YJ tom;
wif0ifaiGuw
dk u
G w
f chJ grmS ygw,f
qkdawmh wu,far;vkduf&if
uRef a wmf c sif ; vl r sKd ; awG u
wu,f q if ; &J o vm;qk d w m
xG u f v mw,f / bmaMumif h
tJvadk jymvJq&dk if csi;f vlrsK;d awG
rSm&SdwJh wef;zkd;xm;rIukd jyef
MunfU&w,f/ 'gayr,fh uRef
awmfwkdh a&&SnfrSmus&ifawmh
ykNd y;D awmh qif;&JvmEkid w
f t
hJ ae
txm;rSm&Sdw,f/ tJ'g yxr
tcsufu Market u awmf
wu,fawmh qif;&Jwm aemufxyfwpfcku EkdifiHa&;
pepfaMumifhyJ? tJ'DpepfaMumifh csif;jynfe,fwifrubl; jrefrm
EkdifiHrSm&SdwJhjynfe,f awmfawmf rsm;rsm;xdckdufcH&w,f? ab;z,f
cH&wJhtcgusawmh . . . . .
&Ekdifw,f/ csif;jynfe,fawmh
qif;&JEkdifw,f/ 'gayr,fhcsif;
vlrsKd;awGawmh qif;&JcsifrS
qif;&Jr,fqkdawmh 'Dae&mrSm
yx0Dtaetxm;t& owf
rSww
f q
hJ if;&JreI hJ vlrsK;d &Jq
Y if;&JrI
'DEpS cf u
k dk focus jy&r,f/ tJvrdk S
r[kw&f iforl sm;awGuuReaf wmf
wkdhcsif;vlrsKd;awGukd wu,f
qif;&Jw,fvkdh xifvdrfhr,f/
uRefawmfwkdhxuf qif;&JwJUvl
awG&Sdao;w,f/ (&,fvsuf)
'gtawG;wpfcak yg/h wpfc&k w
dS m
u vGecf w
hJ o
hJ ;Hk av;ESpaf vmuf
u <uufawG&aUJ b;'Pfuu
dk Ref
awmf w k d h tck x d c H a e&w,f
emvefrxlEidk af o;bl;/ vGecf w
hJ hJ
ESpfig;q,favmufrSm jzpfoGm;
wJ h < uuf a b;'Pf r S m awmh
jrefjrefqefqefyJ xlaxmifa&;
awG jyefvkyfEdkifcJhw,fvkdhxif
ygw,f / 'D w pf a cguf j zpf w J h
tcgrSmawmh xlaxmifa&;awG
xdxad &mufa&mufjyefrvkyEf idk f
cJ h b l ; / awmf a wmf x d o G m ;wJ h
14
&nftm;uvnf; t&ifwkef;
uxufpm&if usvmovm;
qk d w mawG ; rd w ,f / aemuf
wpfcg apmapmu uRefawmf
ajymcJhwJh Migration u awmf
awmfrsm;w,f/ EdkifiHjcm;rSm
vnf; tajccsaexkdifNyD; EkdifiH
twGif;rSmusawmh ucsifjynf
e,fw?hdk &efuek w
f ?hdk ppfuidk ;f wdik ;f
wkb
hd ufudk tajccsaewm rsm;
vmwJt
h cgusawmh human resources vkyftm;aygh/ vlhpGrf;
tm;t&if;tjrpfawGu awmf
awmfenf;vmwJhtcgxkwfukef
rSmoGm;xdw,f/ xkwu
f ek rf mS xd
vmwJhtcgusawmh uRefawmf
wkdhxkwfukefu t&ifwkef;u
emrnf B uD ; cJ h w J h csif ; awmif
yef ; oD ; wk d h ? vd a r® m f o D ; wk d h u
emrnfrBu;D awmhb;l / tJ'gbmeJh
qkid v
f q
J adk wmh vkyw
f v
hJ el q
hJ idk f
w,f/ vkyfwJhvlawGuvnf;
wjznf ; jznf ; enf ; vmw,f /
wpfqufwnf;rSmyJ bmeJhqkdif
vmvJqadk wmh obm0ywf0ef;
'gayr,fh um;vrf;wpfavQmuf
rSm ckwfwmyJ&Sdw,fqkdawmh
pku
d w
f yhJ rmPeJh Bu;D xGm;vmwJh
yrmPqkd&if pkdufwmyJ&Sdw,f
Bu;D xGm;vmwJph m&if;odyrf &Sb
d ;l /
Bu;D xGm;vmw,fqw
dk o
hJ wif;u
odyfenf;w,fav/(&,fvsuf)
csif;awmifrSm obm0ywf0ef;
usifeJhywfouf&if csif;awmif
uvlawGu xdyfqkH;uoGm;
w,f/ wjcm; obm0ywf0ef;
usix
f ed ;f odr;f a&;awGuaemuf
rSmaygh/ csif;awGupNyD;awmh
obm0ywf0ef;usiu
f u
dk muG,f
cJw
h mayg/h 'gayr,fv
h nf; uRef
awmfwkdhrSm tyifpkdufwmyJ&Sd
w,f/ tyifBu;D xGm;atmifjrif
oG m ;wJ h yrmPuod y f e nf ;
w,fqkdawmh tJ'DrSmwpfckck
awmh v k d a eovk d y J / tJ ' gu
b,frSmoGm; xdcdkufvJqkdawmh
a&T Y a jymif ; awmif , mpepf y J /
a&TYajymif;awmif,mu uRef
awmfwu
hdk o
dk al X;rjzpfapEkid b
f ;l /
uReaf wmfw&dk YJ Traditional life
uk d u awmif , mck w f w maygh /
wpfae&mwpfawmifckwfr,f?
aemufwpfae&mwpfawmifcw
k f
r,f/tJ'aD wmif,mckww
f phJ epf
utJ'v
D u
l o
dk al X;rjzpfapEkid b
f ;l
av/ 'gayr,fh uReaf wmfwu
hdk
awmif,mckww
f phJ epfuydk u
J sio
hf ;Hk
aeawmh tjyifrSm &efukef? rEÅ
av;rSmjzpfaewJh ukeaf ps;ESKe;f ukd
b,fvkdrS rvkdufEkdifbl;/ vkduf
Ek d i f w J h t if t m;vnf ; r&S d b l ; /
'gawGukd uRefawmfwkdhawGYyg
w,f/ wpfqufwnf;ajymr,f
qkd&if 'gawGawmfawmfrsm;rsm;
a'o&Jt
U aetxm;eJah jymrvm;?
aemufta&;BuD;wmwpfcku
'gawGausmfvGefEdkifwJh taet
xm;r&S d b l ; vm;aygh / Oyrm
tpöa&;qkd&if olwdkhrSmajr&kdif;eJh
oJuEåm&awGy&J w
dS ,f/ 'gayr,fh
csif;jynfe,fxuf trsm;BuD;
csrf;omwJh taetxm;rSm&Sd
r,f 'grSr[kwf EkdifiHjcm;oGm;
r,f? tvkyfoGm;vkyfr,f a&G;
Muw,f/ csif;jynfukdjyefvm
NyD;awmhrS enf;ynmukdzGHY NzKd;
atmifrvkyEf idk b
f ;l / tJvydk cJ si;f
awmif&x
YJ u
G u
f ek af wG[mqk&d if
vnf; enf;ynmxGufukefawG
jzpfoifhw,f/ tJ'Dawmh uRef
awmfwehdk nf;ynmykid ;f ukd trsm;
BuD;tm;pkdufzkdhvkdw,f/ enf;
ynmykid ;f rSmtm;enf;awmh xGuf
ukefr&Sdbl;/ tJ'gu a&&SnfrSm
qkd&if enf;ynmzGHY NzKd;rIuae
bmawGxw
k Ef idk rf vJ? pufypön;f
eJh ywfoufwm wpfckckaygh/
tJ'grsK;d ukad wmh avmavmq,f
rpOfpm;Edkifbl;aygh/ pOfpm;wJh
vlvnf; &Sd&if&dSrSmyg/ okdhaomf
vnf;vufawGrY vkyw
f t
hJ wGuf
aMumifh qif;&JwJhtxJrSmyg
w,f/ wu,fawmh qif;&Jwm
aemufxyfwpfcku EkdifiHa&;
pepfaMumifhyJ/ tJ'DpepfaMumifh
csi;f jynfe,fwifrubl; jrefrm
Ekid if rH mS &Sw
d jhJ ynfe,f awmfawmf
rsm;rsm;xdcu
dk cf &H w,f/ab;z,f
cH&wJt
h cgusawmh wu,f&h if;
ESD;jrKyfESHrIawG? wu,fhzGHNzKd;rI
pDrHudef; BuD;BuD;awGr&Sdawmh
bl;/ wpfzufuMunfU&ifvnf;
bmrSvmrvkyaf o;awmhtaumif;
wkdif;usefaeao;w,faygh/ ppf
tpkd;&tkyfcsKyfwJh wpfavQmuf
vk;H ? NyaD wmh rqvwpfavQmuf
vkH;rSm csif;jynfe,f csefvSyf
xm;jcif;cH&w,f/tJ'w
D ek ;f uqkd
csi;f awGuawmfw,f/ 'gaMumifh
rkv
hd hdk awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u csi;f
awGurdk emvked nf;enf;jzpfw,f/
wpfzufuvnf; csif;awGu
awmfwJhtjyif acgif;vnf;rm
w,f/ taphtpyfvnf; odyf
rvkyfcsifMuawmh tJ'gvnf;
ygr,fxifw,f/ EIdif;,SOfvkduf
&if ucsifwkdh? &Srf;wkdhxuf
ydkqif;&Jwm jzpfEdkifygw,f/
qufvufazmfjyygrnf
16 February 2013
csi;f trsKd ;om;aehrmS
olwhkd b,frmS &Srd mS vJ
LR csrf;
&efukefrSm&Sdr,f? oDcsif;qdkzdkh/
csif;trsdK;om;aehqdkwm csif;
tEG,ftm;vHk;qHkwJUaehjzpfw,f/
tJ'DvdkaehrsdK;rSm yg0ifcGifU&wJU
twG u f uRef r *k P f , l w ,f /
csif;vlrsdK;wdkif;vnf; 'Dvdkaehxl;
aehjrwfuykd g0if&wJt
U wGu*f P
k ,
f l
oifhygw,f/
rd;k rd;k (c)Van Dawt Cin
aejynfawmfrSm&Sdr,f/ csif;vlrsdK;
awGtwGuf *kPf,lp&maehjzpf
w,f / ud k , f U & J Y & d k ; &mtwG u f
tjrwfwEd;k ay:viG af pzdv
hk yk w
f m
jzpf w J U t wG u f tm;vH k ; yg0if
apcsifygw,f/
xGP;f crf
rwl y D r S m &S d r ,f / 'D E S p f u
ESpftawmfMumcsif;jynfe,f
aehjzpfc&h J wmuaecsi;f trsK;d om;aeh
tjzpf jyefusif;ycGifh&wm
0rf;omw,f/jynfwGif;csif;
awGa&m jynfyucsif;awGyg
ud k , f h t rsd K ;om;a&;twG u f
wwfEdkifoavmuf tNrJyg0if
Muzdkh ajymcsifygw,f/
CW- Play Cross Roads qdkwJh
y&dwo
f wfawG&YJ Support click
eJY a&G;cs,fwJhNydKifyGJtajctae
u b,fvdk&SdygovJ/
MH- Crossroads tpDtpOf
u bmrSowif;topf avm
avmq,frSm r&Sdao;ygbl;/
rwfvukefrSyJ tajzxGufr,fh
oabmyg/ 'D t pD t pOf r S m
uGserf yg0ifciG &hf Edik w
f muvnf;
Maryland jynfe,f&JY Country Genre Chart rSm eHygwf
(1)&EdkifwJhtwGuf 'DtpDtpOf
rSm yg0ifEikd cf iG &hf w
dS myg/ 'D Play
Crossroads &J Y Madison
Square Garden rSm yg0ifEdkifzdkY
uawmh arSsmfvifhcsufawmh&Sd
ygw,f/
CW- tEkynmeJY ywfoufjyD;
a&Sq
Y ufbmawGvyk zf Ykd tpDtpOf
&SdygovJ/
MH- tckavmavmq,frSm
awmh avmhpftif*svdpf (LA)
rSm uGsefr&JY yxrqHk;pwdwf&Id;
vkyfzdkY&Sdygw,f/ 2013 tar&d
uefEdkifiH&JY aEG&moDumvxJ
rSmjzpfyghr,f/ tpDtpOftwd
tusudkawmh uGsefr rajymEdkif
ao;ygbl;/ {NyDvukefavmuf
us&if aMumfjimawG xGufvm
rSmyg/
CW- jrefrmjynf jyefzdkYa&m
b,fawmhavmuf tpDtpOf&Sd
ygovJ/
MH- tJ'D LA &Id;yGJNyD;oGm;&if
awmh jrefrmjynfjyefzpYkd pD OfrmS yg/
'D 2013 ESpu
f ek yf ikd ;f avmufrmS
jyefzt
Ykd pDtpOf&ySd gw,f/&efuek f
rSm uGsefr&JY y&dwfowfawGeJY
]Meet & Greet} tpDtpOfvyk f
zdkYu uGsefr&JY yxrOD;pm;ay;
tpDtpOfyg/ aemufNy;D uRerf &JY
'kw,
d pD;&D;udk &efuek rf mS xkwf
EdkifzdkY pOf;pm;xm;ygw,f/
CW- oDcsif;oDqdkrItydkif;rSm
a&m oif,lrIawG&SdcJhvm;/
MH- r&Sc
d yhJ gb;l / oDcsi;f awGukd
uRerf &J&Y ifx?J tonf;xJuae
pdwfyg0ifpm;jyD; vkyfjzpfoGm;
wmyg/ *pfwmudkvnf; uRefr
touf (16) ESpft&G,frSm
udk,fhbmomudk,f pwD;&if;
wD;wwfoGm;wmyg/
CW- Milla &J Y tBud K uf q H k ;
tqdak wmfawGua&m/
MH- The Carpenters, Dixie
Chicks, Shania Twain, Taylor Swift eJY Keith Urban wdkh
jzpfygw,f/
CW- tBud K uf q H k ; oD c sif ; ud k
ajymjyygOD;/
MH- Shania Twain &JY You´re
Still The One qdkwJh oDcsif;yg/
'DoDcsif;udk uGsefr touf
csif;wdkh&JYorD;ysdK
touf (22)ESp&f NdS yjD zpfaom Milla Dawt Hniang \ trnfonf
2013 ESpq
f ef;ESit
hf wl jrefrmEdik if o
H ^l om;rsm;tMum;wGif wpf[ek f
xdk;azgufxGufum emrnfBuD;vmcJholjzpfonf/ olronf tar&d
uefjynfaxmifpkwGif jrefrmEdkifiHol^om;rsm;tMum; yxrqHk;
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh oDcsif;acGxkwfvkyfoltjzpf rSwfwrf;0ifoGm;
jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ olronf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodkY 2000
ckESpfwGif a&muf&SdaexdkifcJholjzpfonf/ 2013 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv
(8) &ufaeYwGif Gone [laom trnfjzifh olr\ aw;pD;&D;tm;
pwifjzefcY scD o
hJ nf/ tacGa&mif;tm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í twdtusajymqdk
&efurkd l ukrP
Ü jD zifh pmcsKycf sKyq
f x
kd m;jcif;aMumifh xkwaf zmfajymqd&k ef
tcuftcJtenf;i,f&SdonfhtwGuf em;vnfay;yg&ef olru
arwåm&yfcHcJhonf/
Milla Dawt Hniang
ESifh
tifwmAsL;
BA Thang
olronf xdo
k aYkd tmifjrifausmMf um;vSaomfvnf; use;f rma&;tm;jzifh
cRw,
f iG ;f olwpfO;D jzpfonf/ ydv
k ,
D akd &m*gukd cyfi,fi,ft&G,rf mS yif
BuHKawGYcHpm;cJh&oljzpfonf/ xdkaMumifhomrefvlwpfOD;uJhodkY oGuf
vufvsijf refpmG rvIy&f mS ;? roGm;vmEdik af omfvnf; olr\ BuKd ;yrf;rI?
olr\ wdu
k w
f eG ;f tm;ay;pum;rsm;onf Chin World pmzwforl sm;
twGuf cGeftm;wpf&yfjzpfaprnf[k &nf&G,fum Milla Dawt
Hniang tm; qufoG,fí tenf;i,far;jref;xm;ygonf/
(14) ESpt
f &G,w
f ek ;f u 0ifNyKd if
cJhwJh oDcsif;qdkNydKifyGJrSm tJ'DoD
csif;eJY0ifNydKifcJhwmjzpfygw,f/
trSwfw&vnf; t&rf;jzpf
w,f/ 'DoDcsif;uawmh uRefr
twGuf xm0&tBudKufqHk;
oDcsif;jzpfygw,f/
CW- ydkvD,dka&m*gudk touf
b,favmufrmS BuKH awGcY &hJ wmvJ/
MH- uGsefr touf(10)v
rS m vrf ; avS s muf w wf y gNyD /
'gayr,fh touf (1) ESpjf ynfU
NyD;aemufydkif; rusef;rrmjzpfNyD;
ydkvD,dka&m*gudk &&SdcJh&ygw,f/
q&m0efawGtm;vH;k u touf
&Sirf ,frxifb;l qdNk y;D ,HMk unfchJ
olav;yg/ 'gayr,fh bk&m;
ocif&JY arwåmawmfaMumifh
,aeYtxdwdkif usef;rmpGmeJY
touf&Sifvsuf&Sdae&ygw,f/
CW- tJ'v
D kd ruse;f rrmjzpfwhJ
tcsd e f r S m bmawG u Milla
twGuf tcuftcJqHk;ygvJ/
MH- 'DvdkrsdK; udk,fvufroef
pGrf;wJhtcgrSm b,ft&mrqdk
tcuftcJawGcsnf;ygyJvdkh jrif
ygw,f/ uRefrBuHKawGYcJh&wJh
b0rSm tcuftcJqHk;vdkh jrif
wmuawmh uGsefr&JY yuwd
t&Sw
d &m;udv
k ufczH u
Ykd tcufcJ
qHk;vdkhjrifw,f/
CW- tJ'v
D rkd use;f rrmeJY tcsed f
awGudk jzwfoef;cJh&wmawGrSm
tcuftcJawG? 'ku©awGudk
b,fvjkd zwfoef;cJv
h /J Milla &JY
b0jzwfoef;cJhrIudk tajcjyKNyD;
pmzwfy&dwfowfudk bmawG
wdu
k w
f eG ;f cGet
f m;ay;vdyk govJ/
MH- ajymp&mawGawmh trsm;
BuD;yg/ bmyJvkyfvkyf bk&m;
ocifukd OD;xdyyf efqifzu
Ykd awmh
ta&;tBuD;qHk;yg/ wpfpHkwpfck
udk tpjyKr,f? vkyaf wmhr,fqkd
&if pdwyf sut
f m;enf;jcif;r&Sb
d J
eJv
Y yk zf ?Ykd ud,
k ?f pdw?f Ev
S ;kH tm;vH;k
15
csif;pDtwGuf jyifqifrIawG&Sd
w,fqw
kd mudo
k wd&Ny;D BuKd ;pm;
Muapvdkygw,f/
uGsefrwdkY&JY b0rSm
raumif;rIawGev
YJ nf; BuKH awG&Y
Edik yf gw,f/ pdwx
f m;raumif;ol
awGev
YJ nf; BuKH awG&Y Edik yf gw,f/
'gaMumifh b,fvdkvlrsdK;eJhyJ
BuHKawGY&&ifyJjzpfjzpf olwdkYu
cifAsm;tay: b,fvdkyJ owf
rS w f ,H k M unf o nf j zpf y gap
tm;vHk;tay:rSm taumif;qHk;
jyefvnfwjhkH yefwwfzv
Ykd ykd gw,f/
(Always Be Good to People,
Even If They Don't Like You
or Put You Down)
tjynfht0xnfUNyD; pOfquf
rjywfBuKd ;pm;zdv
Yk ykd gw,f/ Mum;
umvrSmtcuftcJawG tqif
rajyrIawG trsm;Bu;D BuKH &rSmyg/
tJ'gudk pdwf&Snf&SnfeJY atmif
jrifrIyef;wdkif qGwfcl;wJhtxd
BudK;pm;Muyg/ aemufNyD; uGsefr
vdrk sKd ; ruse;f rmolawGukd txl;
rSmcsifwmuvnf; avmurSm
tcuftcJ? 'kua© wGukd BuKH awGY
&wm "r®wmyg/ tJ'gaMumifh
uGserf wd&Yk YJ ruse;f rmrI? rjynfpU rkH I
awGudk pdwfysufp&mrjrifbJ
&Suaf MumufraebJ ud,
k u
hf ,
kd f
ud,
k cf spw
f wfMuzdv
Yk nf; vdt
k yf
ygw,f/ wefzdk;xm;wwfMuzdkY
vdktyfygw,f/ rusef;rrmjzpf
wJhtcgawGrSmvnf; pdwf"gwf
ruszdkYvnf; txl;vdktyfvSyg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh uGsefrwdkY&JY
yuwdt&Sw
d &m;udv
k ufcw
H wf
zdkheJY auseyfwwfzdkhjzpfygw,f/
wjcm;vlawG&JY tEdkifusifhrI?
ajymifavSmifraI wGuv
kd nf; cHEikd f
&ygr,f/ 'guxHk;pHyg/ bk&m;
ocifu uRefrwkdYwpfa,muf
aemufwpfcsut
f aeeJu
Y jrefrm
jynfeJY csif;jynfe,frSm &SdwJhol
awGtay: uRefrvdkrsdK; pdwf
oGm;wdik ;f ud,
k rf ygwhJ ruse;f rm
olawGtay:rSm cspfjcif;arwåm
tjynfheJYqufqHMuyg/ tar&d
uefjynfaxmifprk mS qd&k if ud,
k f
vuft*FgrjynfUpHkol? rusef;rm
olawGtay:rSmvnf; cGJjcm;
qufqHrIr&Sdygbl;/ tJ'DtawG;
tac:awGukd jrefrmjynfeYJ csi;f
jynfe,frSmvnf; &SdzdkYtwGuf
BudK;pm;ay;Muyg/ tJ'DvdkrsdK;
tawG;tac:&NdS y;D vufawGv
Y yk f
aqmifEdkif&if bk&m;ocifqDu
ae aumif;cs;D trsm;Bu;D &&Srd mS yg/
aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
Vol. 1, No.3
csif;vlrsdK;rsm;\ csif;trsdK;om;aeh
tazsmufzsufcHae
&onfU csif;vlrsdK;wdkh\ aehxl;
aehjrwfjzpfaom csi;f trsKd ;om;
aehtaMumif; wpfaphwpfapmif;
udk trsm;od&Sdap&eftwGuf
a&;om; wifjytyfygw,f/
csif;vlrsdK;rsm;[m b,fEdkifiH?
b,fvlrsdK;&JY vufatmufcHrS
rjzpfcJhbJ vGwfvyfpGm oD;jcm;
udk,fydkifaexdkifvmcJhwJh vlrsdK;
wpfrsdK;yJjzpfygw,f/ e,fcsJY
t*Fvyd af wG 0ifa&mufrvmcif
tcsdefxdygyJ/ Armrif;awG&JY
vuf a tmuf r S m vnf ; rae
xdkifcJhygbl;/ e,fedrdwfcsif;
xdpyfaewJU tdE,
d´ jynf&YJ vuf
atmufrSmvnf; raecJUygbl;/
csif ; vl r sd K ;rsm;[m oD ; jcm;
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf udk,fhrif;
ud,
k chf si;f aexdik v
f mcJMU uygw,f/
e,fcsJYt*FvdyfawG 0ifa&muf
vmNyD;wJUaemufrSom uRefjyK
tkycf sKyrf mS udk rvdv
k m;vdhk csi;f
awmifudk usL;ausmf0ifa&muf
vmwJU e,fcsJYt*FvdyfawGudk
pwif a wmf v S e f v mcJ U M uwm
jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkudk,fhvlrsdK;?
udk,fhe,fajrudkumuG,f&if;eJh
csif ; vl r sd K ;rsm;[m t*F v d y f
e,fcsJYawGudk awmfvSefMuwJh
tjcm;aomeD;pyf&mArm awmf
vSefa&;orm;awGeJh yl;aygif;NyD;
e,fcst
YJ *Fvyd af wGukd awmfveS f
vmcJMU uwmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'v
D kd
olYuRefb0u vGwfajrmufzdkh
awmfvSefa&; qifETJcJUMuwJU
ordkif;aMumif; tpOftvm
aumif; aeh&ufaygif;rsm;pGmxJ
urS csif ; vl r sd K ;wpf & yf v H k ;
twGuf azazmf0g&(D 20)&ufaeh
ud k csif ; trsd K ;om;aeh t jzpf
owfrSwfa&G;cs,fcJUMuwm jzpf
ygw,f/ bmaMumifch si;f awmif
awmfvSefa&; aeh&ufaygif;rsm;
pGmxJu azazmf0g&(D 20)&ufukd
a&G;cs,fcJUMuovJqdk&if
(1) 1918 ckESpf
azazmf0g&D (20) &ufaehrSm
arNrdKY(,ckjyifOD;vGif)rSm OD;0r®
ol ; armif ; OD ; aqmif N yD ; csif ;
trsKd ;om;ynmjri§ w
hf ifa&; tzGYJ
tpnf; zGJYpnf;cJUwJUaehjzpfwm
&,f OD;0r®ol;armif;[m 2412-1924 rSm e,fcsJYppfxJrS
EkwfxGufNyD;awmh 1-6-1925
rSm 0rf;ol;&GmrSm rlvwef;
ausmif;zGiv
hf pS Nf y;D trsKd ;om;a&;
toGif pwifvIyf&Sm;cJhw,f/
Ny;D awmh 1934 ckEpS f rwfvrSm
rif;wyfNrKd eY ,f rokeEf ;l aus;&Gm
rS m csif ; trsd K ;om;pnf ; vH k ;
nDñGwfa&;tzGJYudk zGJYpnf;NyD;
awmh 1939 ckESpf Zlvdkifv
28 &ufaeYrSm csif;awmifnD
ñGwaf &;tzGq
YJ Nkd y;D ajymif;vJac:
a0:um e,fcsJYqefhusifa&;udk
vIyf&Sm;cJhygw,f/ tJ'DtzGJY[m
wdkhArmtpnf;t½Hk;eJh zqyv
tzG J Y c sKyf w d k h e J h q uf o G , f N yD ;
NAdwdoQbk&ifcHxH csif;trsdK;
om;wd&hk YJ tcGit
hf a&;epfemcsuf
9 csufudk awmif;qdkcJhygw,f/
(2)1940ck E S p f a zazmf 0 g&D
(20)&uf a eh r S m csif ; awmif ?
awmifydkif;uefyufvufNrdKYrSm
OD ; 0r® o l ; armif ; OD ; aqmif N yD ;
csif ; vl x k ( 3000)ausmf u
e,f c sJ Y awmf v S e f a &;qE´ j y
oydwfarSmufcJUMuNyD; &GmolBuD;?
wdkufolBuD;rsm;udk t*Fvdyfwdkh
cefhtyfxm;wJU 4if;wdkh&JYcefhpm
awG e J h jyef v nf y pf a yguf N yD ;
awmf v S e f c J U w J U a eh j zpf w m&,f
(3)1948ck E S p f ? azazmf 0 g&D
(20)&uf a eh r S m csif ; awmif ?
ajrmufyikd ;f zvrf;NrKd rY mS csi;f rsKd ;cspf
acgif;aqmifrsm;eJhvlxk(5000)
ausmf wuf a &muf c J U M uNyD ;
csif ; vl x k n D v mcH u sif ; yum
ya'o&mZf t k y f c sKyf a &;pepf
a[mif;csKyNf ird ;f apNy;D 'Dru
kd a&pD
tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfwnfaxmifzdkh
qHk;jzwfcJUMuwJUaehjzpfwm&,f
tJ'Dvdkxl;jrwfwJU csif;vlrsdK;
rsm;&JY ordkif;aMumif;aeh&ufjzpf
wJU azazmf0g&D(20)&ufaehudk
tajccHNyD; csif;trsdK;om;aeh
tjzpf owfrSwfcJhMuwmjzpfyg
w,f/ tJ'Dvdkordkif;aMumif;
tpOftvmaumif;awG jzpf
wnfcJUwJU azazmf0g&D(20)&uf
aehudk tajccHNyD;awmU 1948
ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&(D 20)&ufaehukd
csif;trsdK;om;aehtjzpf owf
rSwfzdkh 1950ckESpf? atmufwdk
bmv(5)&ufaehrSm csif;a&;&m
aumifpu
D ae ESppf Ofazazmf0g&D
(20) &ufaehudk csif;trsdK;om;
aehtjzpfusi;f yjyKvyk zf hkd twnf
jyKqHk;jzwfcJUMuygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk
qHk;jzwfcJUMuwJU 1951 ckESpf?
azazmf0g&D(20)&ufaehrSm csif;
awmifawmifyikd ;f ? rif;wyfNrKd rY mS
yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf pnfum;
odkufNrdKufpGm usif;yEdkifcJUyg
w,f/ tJ'DyxrOD;qHk;tBudrf
usif;ycJUwJUcsif; trsdK;om;aeh
tcrf;tem;udk tJ'Dwkef;u
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf&JY
or®wBu;D jzpfwUJ pyfa&Tou
kd u
f
csif;trsdK;om;aeh o0PfvTm
udkay;ydkhcJUNyD; 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek
ud,
k w
f ikd f tcrf;tem;udk wuf
a&mufvmcJUNyD; csif;trsdK;om;
aehrSm rdefhcGef;ajymMum;oGm;cJUyg
w,f/ tJ't
D jyif tjcm;nDtpf
qvd k i f ; &S , f a tmif
udk wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;
jzpfMuwJU u&ifa&;&m0efBuD;
ref;bcdkif? &Srf;jynfe,fOuú|eJh
Edik if jHcm;a&;0efBu;D pyfceG cf sKd?(u&ife)D
u,m;jynfe,f0efBu;D apm0PÖ?
ucsifjynfe,f0efBuD; qrm;
'l 0 gqif 0 g;aemif w d k h u vnf ;
csif ; trsd K ;om;aeh t wG u f
0rf;ajrmufaMumif;eJh t"Gefh&Snf
wnfwyUH gapaMumif;o0PfvmT
toD;oD; ay;ydkhcJUMuygw,f/
tJ'Dvdkordkif;aMumif; tpOf
tvmaumif ; awG e J h j zpf w nf
vmNyD; tESpfom&&Sd&Sdusif;ycJU
MuwJU csif;vlrsdK;rsm;&JY csif;
trsdK;om;aehudk arS;rSdefaysmuf
uG,fatmifvkyfzdkh BudK;pm;vm
cJUMuygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh
1966 ckESpfazazmf0g&D (18?
19?20) &ufaehawGrmS rif;wyf
NrKd ?Y ygw,
D el pfcef;rrSm tJ'w
D ek ;f
u wdkif;cGJ(3)'k-Ouú|? AdkvfrSL;
jrifhodef;uae csif;trsdK;om;
aehukd csi;f 0daoowdik ;f aehtjzpf
twif;t"r® ajymif;vJowf
rSwfzdkhn§dEIdif;cJU&mrS OD;0r®ol;
armif;? OD;uD;azvde;f ? OD;tGref ed ?f
OD;xef;aAG? OD;[kef;idkif;(5)OD;wdkh
u jrefrmEdkifiH&JYaehxl;aehjrwf
awGjzpfwJU vGwfvyfa&;aeh?
jynfaxmifpkaehpwJU owfrSwf
NyD; emrnfawGudk ajymif;vJ
owfrw
S v
f &hkd Edik o
f vm;? tJ'v
D kd
r&Edkif&if uRefawmfwdkh&JY csif;
trsKd ;om;aehuv
kd nf; ajymif;vJ
owfrSwfvdkhr&Edkifbl;qdkNyD;uefh
uGucf MUJ uygw,f/ tJ'v
D kd ouf
&Sdxif&Sm; rsdK;cspfawmfvSefa&;
acgif;aqmifawG&JY rsufESmudkrS
raxmuf 1966 ckESpf? azazmf
0g&D ( 20)&uf r S m usa&muf w J U
(18)ESpaf jrmufcsi;f trsKd ;om;aeh
udk csif;0daoowdkif;aehtjzpf
t"®rvkyaf qmifcv
UJ hkd tJ't
D crf;
tem;rS m csif ; trsd K ;om;aeh
taMumif;eJh csif;awmifawmf
vSefa&; ordkif;aMumif;awGudk
rdefhcGef;vmajymcJUwJU OD;0r®ol;
armif;udk 0rol;&Gmudkum;eJh
jyefydkhap&mrSm um;arSmufvdkh
OD;0r®ol;armif;[m olcspfwJU
csi;f jynfoal wGehJ csi;f jynfBu;D udk
toufaoqHk;onftxd
wm0efausyGefpGmay;qyfoGm;
cJUygw,f/ OD;0r®ol;armif;[m
csif ; awmif a wmf v S e f a &;ud k
aoqHk;onftxdudk,fusdK;pGefh
tepf e mcH N yD ; vk y f a qmif c J U w J U
wu,frh sKd ;cspaf wmfveS af &;acgi;f
aqmifBu;D wpfa,mufjzpfygw,f/
tJ'Dvdk AdkvfrSL;jrifh
ode;f uae azazmf0g&(D 20)&uf
aehukd csi;f 0daoowdik ;f aehtjzpf
twif;t"r®vyk af qmifapcJU vdhk
csif;a&;&mOD;pD;&Hk;u (11-71966)&ufpGJygpmtrSwf,u29^24(y)jzifh awmfvSefa&;
aumifpo
D u
hkd efu
h u
G w
f ifjycJMU u
ygw,f/ tJ'v
D u
kd efu
h u
G cf MUJ uvdhk
awmf v S e f a &;aumif p D u ae
wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw
G af &;
udkOD;xdyfxm;onfESifhtnD[k
qdkum awmfvSefa&;aumifpD
Ouú | &J Y (25-11-1966)
&ufpGJygpmtrSwf 3q^15y^66 jzifh rlvowfrw
S u
f si;f y
vsu&f o
dS nfch si;f trsKd ;om;aehukd
quf v uf t wnf j yKaMumif ;
jyefMum;pm &&SdcJUMuygw,f/
1974ckESp?f Zefe0g&Dv(3)&uf
tajccHOya'aehudk csif;trsdK;
om;aehtpm; csi;f jynfe,faehvhkd
tpm;xk;d owfrw
S &f ifuefu
h u
G f
ygaMumif ; ygwD X mecsKyf u d k
aMu;eef;eJw
h ifjycJv
U hkd ygwXD me
csKyu
f ae wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k
nDnGwfrIrxDrJhjrifjyKum ]csif;
trsdK;om;aehESifh csif;jynfe,f
aeh}vdt
hk rnfwyfum t"dygÜ ,f
r&Sjd yK vkyaf pcJyU gw,f/ wpfrsKd ;
om; vH;k eJq
h ikd w
f UJ csi;f trsKd ;om;
aeh udpöudk csif;jynfe,fwpfck
vH;k nDnw
G pf mG jyefvnfawmif;
qdkcJUMu&if csif;wpfrsdK;om;vHk;
csif; trsdK;om;aehtjzpf jyef
vnf usif;yEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/
aemufrusao;ygb;l ? uReaf wmf
wdhk csi;f vlxak wG&YJ nDnw
G rf u
I kd
tckvmr,fh (65)ESpfajrmuf
csif;trsdK;om;aehrSm jyefvnf
wnfaqmufjyoMu&ygr,f/
csif;jynfe,f(9)NrdKY
e,fpvH;k eJh usew
f aUJ 'oawGu
nDtpfudkcsif;vlxkwpf&yfvHk;
nDnn
D w
G n
f w
G ef hJ trSew
f u,f
&SdcJUwJU? acgif;aqmifBuD;awG
owfrSwfcJUMuwJU tESpfom&
&Sw
d UJ csi;f wpfrsKd ;om;vH;k &JaY ehx;l
aehjrwf csif;trsdK;om;aehudk
udk,fhacwfusrS raysmufysuf
atmif toufaoG;acR;rsm;pGm
ay;qyfcMUJ uwJU csi;f rsKd ;cspaf wmf
vS e f a &;cgif ; aqmif B uD ; awG & J Y
rsufESmudkaxmuf&INyD; tckvm
r,fh(65)ESpfajrmuf csif;trsdK;
om;aehudk csif;trsdK;om;aehu
vGJNyD; b,fvdkemrnf? b,fvdk
t&meJhrS rvJbJ tpOftvm
aumif;udk qufvufxed ;f odr;f
Muygpv
hkd hkd wdu
k w
f eG ;f wifjyvdu
k f
&ygw,f/ csif;vlrsdK;pkwpf&yf
vHk; nDnDnGwfnGwfeJh csif;
trsKd ;om;aehukd jyefvnfusi;f y
Muygpdkh/ qvdkif;&S,fatmif
ighemrnf csif;trsdK;om;aeh
aoG;toufeJhay;qyfcJU&wJU ighemrnf
ac:csif&mrac:MuygeJh
enf;enf;av;awmh tm;emay;Muyg
uavuacsa0avavr[kwfbl;
ighemrnfrSm ordkif;aMumif;&Sdw,f/
a&qefc&D;Murf;rSm arG;zGm;&Sifoef&&SdvmwJUighemrnf
ac:csif&mac:vdkhawmh rjzpfbl;
arG;&ufouú&mZftrSeftuefeJh
emrnf&if;&Sdaewmudk
BuHBuHzefzefajymif;vJ rac:MuygeJh
twdrf;tapmif;awmifrcHEdkifbl;a[h-ighudkarG;zGm;ay;cJUMuwJU
rdbawG&JYrsufESmudkrSraxmuf
ac:csif&mrac:MuygeJh
ordkif;aMumif;trSefeJhighemrnfudk
aemifvmaemufom; aESmif;vlrsm;wdkh
tjiif;ryGm;aveJh Nidrf;csrf;pGmeJh
igh&JYarG;aeh&ufjrwfudk
trSeftuefwlwlwefwefav;vkyfay;Muyg/
rrSefrueftBuHtzefawG rvkyfrdapeJh
igh&JYarG;aehu 1948ckESpf? azaz:0g&D(20)&uf
ighemrnfu(csif;trsdK;om;aeh)jzpfw,f/ /
qvdkif;&S,fatmif
Derweze (odkh) i&JjynfodkhoGm;&mvrf;
Turkmenista EdkifiH\ Karakum uEå&wGif tdrfajc
(350) cefY&Sdaom Derweze &Gm&Sdonf/ ,if;&GmteD;wGif 1971
rSpNyD; ,aeYxufwdkif rD;jidrf;jcif;r&SdyJ avmifuGsrf;aeaom
tayguBf u;D wpfck &Syd gonf/ xdt
k ayguMf u;D onf 1971 ckEpS w
f iG f
qdkAD,uf jynfaxmifpk\ blrdaA'ynm&Sifrsm;rS vIdPfacgif;
wpfcw
k ;l &if obm0"gwaf iGrY sm;&So
d nfuakd wG&Y cdS MhJ uonf/ odaYk omf
16
uHq;kd pGm wl;onfv
U P
dI af cgi;f onf NyKd usNy;D tayguu
f s,w
f pfck
jzpfomG ;cJo
h nf/ tcsi;f rDwm(70) rQus,0f ef;aom xdt
k ayguBf u;D
tm; þtwdkif;ypfxm;rnfqdkvSsif "gwfaiGYrsm; tqdyfoifhrIrsm;
jzpfrI[k blrdaA'ynm&Sifrsm;rSwGufqNyD; xdk"gwfaiGYrsm;tm;
rD;&IdYypf&ef qHk;jzwfcJhMuonf/ xdkodkY rD;&IdYcJh&mrS ,aeYxufwdkif
rD;avmifvsuf&Sdaeao;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdka'o&Sd&Gmom;rsm;rS
xdt
k aygut
f m; i&Jjynfoo
Ykd mG ;&mvrf;(Door to Hell)[k trnf
ay; ac:qdkMuonf/ Turkmenistan EdkifiHonf A[dktm&SwGif
wnf&NdS y;D 1991 ckEpS t
f xd qdAk ,
D ufjynfaxmifp\
k vufatmuf
cH wdik ;f jynfjzpfonf/ tmz*efepöwefEikd if ?H tD&efEikd if ?H OZbufupö
wefEiS hf umZufpwefEikd if w
H jhkd zifh e,fajrxdpyfvsu&f NdS y;D vlO;D a&
(512569) aexkdifvsuf&Sdonf/
16 February 2013
CW/
/ CNF ESifh CNA Mum;
u wm0ef,lrItydkif;rSm b,f
vdkuGmjcm;csufawG&SdvJ/
SK/
/ CNA uawmh
vHkNcHKa&;ESifh ppfwyfydkif;qdkif&m
udpaö wGukd wm0ef,yl gvrd rhf ,f/
CNF uawmh usew
f u
hJ pd t
ö 00
udk wm0ef,l&ygvdrfhr,f/
CW/
/ tJ'D usefwJhudpö
t00 qdkwJhxJrSm a&G;aumuf
yGJ0ifa&;qdkwmaum ygovm;/
ygwD&JY oabmxm;udkvnf;
odcsifygw,f/
SK/
/ a&G;aumufyu
JG pd eö YJ
ywfoufvaYkd wmh uReaf wmfxif
ygw,f 2020 txd a wmh
'DNidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJawGu
qufvkyfae&r,f/
CW/
/ aemiftcgrSma&m
a&G;aumufyGJ0ifNydKifNyD; vTwf
awmfxJ0ifzdkY tpDtpOf&Sdr&Sd
udkvnf; odcsifygw,f/
SK/
/ ygwDtaeeJY ckxuf
xd a wmh rpOf ; pm;ao;bl ; /
EdkifiHa&;jyoemawG tukefajy
vnfNy;D rSyJ a&G;aumufyu
GJ pd u
ö
pOf;pm;&r,fhtcsufjzpfw,f/
'kwd,tcsuftaeeJYu uRef
awmfwdkY CNF udk awmfvSef
a&;ygwDwpfck taeeJYyJ &Sdap
csifw,f/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfck
taeeJ Y a wmh rxm;csif b l ; /
Oyrm uReaf wmfwYkd CNF tae
eJY a&G;aumufy0JG ifcsi&f ifvnf;
CNF emrnf e J h r0if b l ; aygh /
pdw0f ifpm;wJh yk*K¾d vaf wGuawmh
udk,fh[mudk vkyfMuaygh/
CW/
/ uRefawmfwdkY csif;
todik ;f t0dik ;f Mum;rSm awmfawmf
vnf;ajymjzpfMuwJh CNF tae
eJY csif;vlrsdK;EG,fpkxJrSm jyef
vnf&ifMum;apha&; jyKvkyf
csif;trsdK;om;wyfOD; ajyma&;qdkcGifhyk*d¾Kvf
a'guw
f ma&Tcg;ESiahf wGq
Y jkH cif;
jynfaxmifpkNidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifrIaumfrwDESifh csif;trsdK;om;wyfOD;wdkY\ ESpfzufoabmwlnDrIt& csif;trsdK;om;
wyfOD;wyfzGJY0ifrsm;onf csif;jynfe,fwGif;odkh owfrSwfxm;onfUae&mrsm;wGif pwiftajccs0ifa&mufaexdkifaeNyDjzpfonf/ wyfzGJY
0ifrsm;ESifh ywfoufí csif;trsdK;om;wyfOD;\ ajyma&;qdkcGifhyk*d¾Kvf a'gufwma&Tcg;ESifh atmufygtwdkif;awGYqHkar;jref;xm;ygonf/
oifhw,fqdkwJhtqdkudk b,f
vdkrsm; ajzMum;vdkygovJ/
SK/
/ uRefawmfwdkY CNF
uawmh reconciliation qdkwJh
jyef v nf & if M um;aph a &;ud k
wu,f tav;xm;ygw,f/
wu,fawmh awmfveS af &;vkyf
w,fqdkwm wu,fhc&D;Murf;
wpfckyg/ tJ'gaMumifh uRef
awmfwdkY rvdktyfwJh[ma&m
rarQmv
f ifw
h hJ rawmfwqjzpfrI
awG trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ tJ'g
awGudk jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;
qdkwJhyHkpHrsdK;eJY uRefawmfwdkY
qufvufaqmif&u
G zf &Ykd ydS gw,f/
,HkMunfjcif;jzifh avQmufvSrf;jcif;
tpdk;&ESifh jynfolvlxkMum;rSm
reconciliation vkyz
f Ykd vdo
k vdk
CNF ESifh jynfolvlxkMum;rSm
vnf; reconciliation vkyzf v
Ykd kd
ygw,f/ 'gudk process tae
eJY uRefawmfwdkY vkyf&r,fvdkY
xifygw,f/ yxrawmh vlxk
ES i f h awG Y q H k y G J a wG v k y f r ,f /
'kwd,taeeJY awmfvSefa&;
umvtwGif;rSm jzpfysufcJhwJh
[mawGukd data aumif;aumif;
vkyfzdkYvkdygw,f/ tJ'DrSm uRef
awmfwYkd CNF zufucsKd ;azmuf
cJhwmawGvnf;&dSr,f/ tpdk;&
zuf u csd K ;azmuf c J h w mawG
vnf;&Sdr,f/ tJ'D data awGudk
aumif ; aumif ; vk y f N yD ; awmh
oufqdkif&m victim awGu
b,fvdktjrif&SdovJ qdkwmudk
uRefawmfwdkY oHk;oyfNyD;awmh
jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;udk b,f
vdkvkyf&rvJqdkwm csrSwf&rSm
jzpfygw,f/
CW/
/ wcsdKYuajymw,f?
CNF taeeJ Y awmf v S e f a &;
umvrSm rawmfwqyJjzpfjzpf
rarQmv
f ifyh jJ zpfjzpf rSm;,Gi;f rI&cdS hJ
onfrsm;udk 0efcsawmif;yefzdkY
ajymaeayr,fh 'DaeYxd vdkuf
avsmazmfaqmifjcif;r&Sad o;bl;
qdkwJh[mtay:rSm b,fvdkrsm;
ajymMum;csifygovJ/
SK/
/ uRefawmfwdkYbuf
uae data collection udt
k &if
vkyfoifhw,fvdkh jrifygw,f/
tJ't
D ay:rmS b,fvrkd sKd ;eJY csO;f
uyfoifhovJqdkwmudk pepf
wusvkyfzdkYjzpfygw,f/ BudKuf
wJah e&moGm;Ny;D uReaf wmfwu
Ykd kd
cGifhvTwfyg? uRefawmfwdkY 'Dvdk
rSm;cJhygw,f qdkwmeJYa&m &Edkif
yghrvm;/ tJ'gaMumifh b,f
tqifhudkawmh b,fvdkvkyf
oifhovJqdkwmawGudk pepf
wus Bud K wif c srS w f z d k Y v d k y g
w,f/ tck uRefawmfwdkYu
vGwv
f w
G v
f yfvyfeYJ jynfwiG ;f
rSm rvIy&f mS ;Edik af o;bl;/ vIy&f mS ;
zdYk uReaf wmfwYkd tckppD Ofaewm
jzpfw,f/ wu,fh victim awG
&JY cHpm;csut
f ppftrSef tay:rmS
uRefawmfwdkY b,fvdkwkHhjyef
oifhovJ qdkwmudk tpDtpOf
qGJNyD;rSvkyf&if xda&mufrI&Sd
r,fvdkYxifygw,f/ awmfawmf
rsm;rsm;ajymMuwm Mum;yg
w,f/ yg;pyfeJhcGifhvTwfMuygvdkY
ajymvd k u f & H k e J Y 'D j yóemu
NyD;yghrvm;/ rNyD;bl;qdk&ifvnf;
b,fvv
kd yk &f rvJ/ tJ'gaMumifh
pepfwus avhvmrIawGjyKvyk f
Ny;D rS b,fvv
kd yk &f if taumif;
qH;k jzpfrvJqw
kd m tajz&Sm&rSm
jzpfw,f/ tJvdkrsdK; jyifqifrSyJ
ajyvnfrI&r,fvdkYxifw,f/
CW/
/ tpd k ; &ppf w yf e J Y
ucsipf pfwyfwYkd wdu
k yf aJG wGjzpf
aewJ h t ay: csif ; trsd K ;om;
wyfOD;u wyfrawmfom;tcsdKY
ucsizf ufuae ulwu
kd af y;ae
w,fvdkh tjyifrSmMum;&w,f/
tJ'g[kwfygovm;/
SK/
/ KIA eJY uRefawmf
wdkYu UNFC rSm wpfckwnf;
jzpfwmwifruygbl;/ olwdkYeJY
uRefawmfwdkYu vufwGJnDnD
nGwfnGwfeJY c&D;twloGm;ol
awGjzpfygw,f/ tJ'DrSm uRef
awmfwdkY ppfwyfawGvnf;&Sdyg
w,f/ 0ifNy;D awmh wdu
k af y;wm
vnf;&Sdygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ
qdkawmh ucsifzufu ckcHppf
qifETJaewmaMumifhjzpfw,f/
ckcaH &;ppfrmS awmh uReaf wmfwYkd
wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; tul
tnDay;&rSmaygh/ uRefawmfwdkY
ul n D c sif o avmuf a wmif
rulnDEdkifcJhygbl;/ uRefawmfwdkh
wwfEdkifoavmufyJ ulnDae
jcif;jzpfygw,f/
CW/
/ csi;f a0gvrf w
S pfqifh
pmzwfy&dowfrsm;udkajymcsif
wmav;/
SK/ / uRefawmfwdkhu tck
tvkypf vkyzf Ykd jyifqifaewke;f yJ
&Syd gao;w,f/ rvky&f ao;bl;/
jynfov
l x
l &k YJ toHukd aumif;
aumif;em;axmifNyD; uRefawmf
wdkYvkyfzdkh jyifqifaeygw,f/
pdwf&Snf&SnfeJY em;vnfay;zdkY
arwåm&yfcHvdkygw,f/
aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
pmrlzw
d af c:jcif;
(Walk of Faith)
Chin World Media
taejzifU Chin World News Journal udk ESpfywfwpfBudrfyHkrSef
xkwfa0oGm;rnfjzpfygojzifU ordkif;? ,Ofaus;rI? &dk;&m"avU? EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;ESifh
ywfoufonfUpmrlrsm; a&;om;ay;ydkhEdkifygonf/ pmrlrsm;ay;ydkhrnfqdkygu(1)pmrlukd vufa&;rljzifjU zpfap? uGeyf sLwmpmpDíjzpfap pmrsuEf mS wpfzufwnf;wGio
f m a&;om;yg&ef/
(2)pmrl&Sif\udk,fa&;tusOf;ESifU udk,fwdkifa&;pmrljzpfaMumif; 0efcHuwdyl;wGJay;ydkhay;yg&ef
arwÅm&yfcHygonf/
ud,
k af &;&mZ0ifawmif;cH&jcif;rSm pmrl&iS rf sm;ESiq
hf ufo,
G af &;vG,u
f al p&efEiS Uf Chin World
&H k ; wG i f r S w f w rf ; xm;&S d & ef t wG u f o m jzpf N yD ; rnf o l r qd k p mrl r sm;ud k atmuf y gvd y f p mtwd k i f ;
vGwfvGwfvyfvyfa&;om;ay;ydkhEdkifygonf/
Chin World Media
w&kwEf ikd if o
H nf olwEYkd ikd if t
H wGi;f odYk
vma&mufvnfywfaom urÇmv
h n
S cUf &D;oGm;{nfU
onfrsm;tm; olww
Ykd pfoufwmwGif rarhEikd pf &m
rSwfrSwf&& jzpfap&eftwGuf[laom &nf&G,f
csujf zifh Walk of Faith [lí trnfay;xm;aom
zefom;jyifay:wiG f ,HMk unfjcif;jzifh vrf;avQmuf
jcif;tm; 2011 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvwGif zGifhvSpfcJh
onf/ wnfae&mrSm w&kwfEdkifiH [leefc&dkif?
Zhangjiiajie &G m rS (5)rd k i f t uG m wG i f & S d a om
Tianmen awmiftrsdK;om;O,smOfwGif wnf&Sd
Chin World Media Office
onf/ yifv,fa&rsuEf mS jyiftxuf ay (4691)
tjrihw
f iG &f NdS y;D ay(200)eD;yg;&Sn;f vsm;aom zefom;
jyifay:wiG f vrf;avQmufjcif;jzpfonf/ zefom;jyif
onf (3)ayt&Sn&f u
dS m (2) vufrcGJ txl&o
dS nf
[kvnf;od&onf/ c&D;oGm;{nfUonfrsm;rSm
tjrifah y (5000) eD;yg;cefw
Y iG f zefom;jyifrw
S qifh
atmufoMhkd unf&U if; oJwxdwx
f w
d f &ifwzdzk jkd zifh
,HkMunfrIjzifh vrf;avSsmufjcif;udk pdwf0ifwpm;
vma&mufjyKvkyfMuonf[kvnf;od&onf/
No.4, Room 55, Hlaing Yadanar Housing,
Thanlan Bus-stop, Hlaing TSP, Yangon
Ph: 09 420013048, 09 47172133, 09 43163539,
09 401681014, 09 420185994
www.chinworld.info
www.facebook.com/chin-world
17
Vol. 1, No.3
uRefra,musfm;awGukd
em;rvnfbl;/ puwfwkduyf
uyfav;0wfNyD; aygifwHvSvS
av; olrsm;ukdNycsifwJU rdef;
uav;awGNrifwkdif; ab;u
a,musfm;awGukd uRefrvkduf
Munf Y a vU & S d y gw,f / ol w k d Y
oabmusw,f v k d Y x if w m?
b,f[kwfygYrvJ ukd,fawmf
acsmawG u tBuD ; tus,f
uefYuGufMuygava&m/
olw&Ydk t
UJ oH yxrqk;H Mum;&wm
trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ ukd,fY&JY
trsKd;orD;u aeaumif;rSef;?
raumif;rSef;vnf; rpOf;pm;/
olrqE´&SdrSef; r&SdrSef;vnf;
*&krpkdufbJeJh ukd,fvkdcsifwm
uk d y J &atmif , l w wf w J U
a,musm;f awGtrsm;Bu;D &Syd gw,f
wJ U / Nid r f a ewJ U r av;&S m ;u
trsKd;orD;awGukdvnf; raus
eyf? rdef;rawGygwUJ group mail
rSmolwdkhraumif;aMumif; tm;
rem yg;rem twif;wkwaf ewJU
xm;Muw,fvkdY zwfzl;ygw,f/
acwf , Of a us;rI t & ol w k d Y
tokid ;f t0kid ;f u vSywifw
Y ,f
w,fvYdk vufcEH idk zf &hdk eftwGuf
olwkdYay;vkduf&wJU wefzkd;u
awmU ukd,fykdifajcaxmufeJh
vGwv
f w
G v
f yfvyf jrefjrefqef
qef vrf;ravSsmufekdifawmU
jcif;ygyJ/ uRefrwkdhcsif;awGrSm
'Dvpdk epfq;dk rsK;d r&Scd yUJ gb;l / 'gay
r,fh ajcaxmuftpm; csif;
trsKd;orD;awG&JU OD;aESmufawG
uku
d Rerf oGm;wufygw,f/ 261-2013 &ufaeh(paeaeh)nae
ykdif;rSmyg/
ywrqk;H &efuek w
f idk ;f a'oBu;D
&JY vGwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
a'gufwmndKndKoif;u EkdifiH
wumqkdif&m trsdK;orD;rsm;
umuG,rf OI ya'taMumif;awG
ajymoGm;ygw,f/ uRefrwkYdeJh
tvSr;f a0;wJw
U ;d k wufwt
U J aemuf
EkdifiHawGtaMumif; rajymbJeJh
uRerf wkeYd yhJ edk ;D pyfwUJ Ekid if aH wGrmS
rSm 'Dvkda[majymyGJrsKd;u ykd
vkdtyfwmrkdY olwkdYqDukdvnf;
vmvkyaf y;MuygvYdk arwÅm&yfcH
wmyg/ aemufwpfa,mufu
ar;cGef;wpfckxuf ykdar;wm
ukrd w
S rf ad yr,fh bmar;oGm;rSe;f
arUoGm;ygNyD/ toufuav;
&vmawmUrw
S Of mPfuraumif;
&SmawmUb;l /
usefwpfa,muf&JY ar;cGef;/
NrefrmU,Ofaus;rIerUJ nD 0wfpm;
qif,ifMuwJU trsK;d orD;awGudk
urSwrf ad eMuOD;rSmyg/ wu,f
vkYd vl0ifpm;qkw
d m wu,f&cdS UJ
r,f qkd&ifaygYav? b&pfeD[m
twdwfb0u csif;trsKd;orD;
jzpfEidk af cs&ydS gw,f/ csi;f awmif
b0wke;f u 0wfcw
UJ m ,ckb0
xd tusifYygoGm;w,faygUaemf/
'gaMumifrU Ydk trsK;d om;,Ofaus;rI
xdef;odrf;csifwJU csif;trsdK;orD;
rsm; puwfww
dk 0dk wfMuyg/ ykw
d dk
av? ykx
d ed ;f av/ 'gayr,fh csi;f
,Ofaus;rIxed ;f csiw
f aUJ ,musmf ;
trsKd;orD;rsm;&JY 0wfpm;qif,ifrI
u zvrf;awG&JU Rihli Group
Mail rSmyg/ rav;&Sm;rSmaewJU
wpf a ,muf u tNrif u wf
vGe;f vkx
Yd ifyg&YJ raeEkid rf xkid Ef idk f
xa&;vkdufygw,f/ rav;rSm
csif;trsKd;orD;wcsKdY[m sexy
t0wftpm;awG 0wfNyD;awmU
MuufrawGvydk aJ vSsmufomG ;ae
MuowJU/ Oa&mya&mufaewUJ
wpfa,mufu olvnf; rav;
rSmaewkef;u 'Dvkdrdef;uav;
rsKd ; awG awG Y z l ; ygaMumif ;
axmufcaH &;om;ygw,f/ a[m
vmNyefNyDwpfa,muf/ &efukef
rSmvnf; tJ'Dvkd rdef;rawG
wpfyBHk u;D ygcifAs/ olw
U &Ydk pYJ mawG
ukdzwfNyD; uRefrawG;rdw,f/
bmNzpfvYdk olw[
Ydk m tmabmif
&if;oefoeferhJ ed ;f rawGraumif;
aMumif; tm;&yg;&a&;aeMu
wmvJ/ uRerf u tJ'v
D t
dk 0wf
tpm;awGuv
dk nf;r0wf? uk,
d f
cE¨mukt
d &if;tES;D NyKNy;D aiGvnf;
r&Smayr,fh rdef;rwpfa,muf
taeeJU awmfawmfav; cHNyif;rd
ygw,f/ uRerf Mum;&oavmuf
qk&d if rav;&Sm;rSm t&ufr;l Ny;D
&efNzpfwaUJ ,musmF ;awGuvnf;
jyóemawGzefwD;NyD; csif;awG
uk d od u © m usapwmygyJ /
'gayr,fh b,ftrsKd;orD;urS
Nyef r a&;Mubl ; / zd v d y k d i f r S m
ynmoifaewJY Pastor Van
Thiang wpfa,mufuvGJvkdY/
q&mru olwkdYokH;wJU Muufr
qkdwJUtokH;tEIef;ukd olrBuKH
awGYcJUwJYtNzpftysufwpfckukd
ñTef;NyD; ar;cGef;xkwfygw,f/
olwkdYtzGJY awm&GmawGbuf
c&D;xGuf&if; em;aewJUtcsdef?
olw
U aYdk b;rSm Muufzwpfaumif
uMuufrwpfaumifukdtwif;
vk d u f y gw,f / Muuf r crsm
ajy;ayr,fhvnf; rvGwfygbl;/
tJ ' D v k d Muuf r oabmrwl
aomfvnf;bJ Muufzu olY
tay: twif;wufcGwmukd
MunfUNyD; olr&JYc&D;oGm;azmf
trsK;d om;wpfa,mufu ajymyg
w,f/ vlawGxJrSmvnf; tJ'D
MuufzeJhwlwJU a,musmf;awG
a,musmf;awGukdvnf; tjrif
uwfuwfeJY uAsmwpfyk'fukd
satire taeeJha&;NyD; uRefr
wkjhH yefczUJ ;l ygw,f/ tJ'gu2008
ckESpfwkef;uyg/
rdef;rawG&JYtoH wdwfqdwfae
jcif;u uRerf ukd tawG;rsm;ap
ygw,f/ tJ'gukd uRefrq,f
ausmf o uf t &G , f ? bk & m;
ausmif;uvli,fvIyf&Sm;rIawG
rSm pwifyg0ifwJUtcsdefupNyD;
owdxm;rdwmyg/ zvrf;u
BC Youth Fellowship rS m
qkd&if &yfuGufi,fav;awG&JY
Ouú|trsm;pku trsK;d orD;i,f
av;awGyg/ tpnf;ta0;awG
rSm olwkdY[m NidrfNidrfav;eJh
a,musmf ;av;awGajymwmukyd J
em;axmifaeMuw,f/ olwu
Ydk dk
0ifaqG;aEG;zkdY b,favmufyJ
wk d u f w G e f ; wk d u f w G e f ; t&m
ra&mufygbl;/ bmUaMumifYvJ/
bmvkYd olwkYdpum;rajymMu
wmvJ/
uRef r rpOf ; pm;rd w muawmU
csif ; pum;yk H a v;wpf c k y g/
Muufr wGefvkdhrkd;rvif;/ rdef;r
awG[m a,musmf ;awGavmuf
rpOf ; pm;rqif j cif E k d i f M ubl ; /
olwkdYyg;pyf[vkduf&if ayguf
wwfu&awGyJ xGuv
f mw,f/
'Dvt
dk awG;tac:rsK;d [m pm&Guf
ay:rS m a&;xm;wJ U pnf ; rsOf ;
Oya'awG r[kwfygbl;/ 'gay
r,fh bkd;bGm;pOfquf? rsKd;quf
wpfqufNy;D wpfquf vufqifY
urf;vmcJUMuawmU a&;xm;wJJU
Oya' yk'frawGxufawmif
ajymif;vJjyifqifzkdYcufaewwf
ygw,f/ vlawG&JYt&kd;xJ? aoG;
xJrmS pdrNUf y;D pGaJ ewJU xifjrifcsuf
awG / touf t &G , f B uD ; wJ U
uRefrwkdYtarawG tzGm;awG
rqkdxm;eJh tm;tiftjynfYeJh
vli,fawGuawmif rwGe;f vSef
EkdifMubl;/ acwfaemufuswJU
tawG;a[mif;awG&JYatmufrSm
&ke;f rxGuEf idk f ydrad eMuqJ/ a&S;
uw&kwfawG[m trsKd;orD;
awG&JY ajcaxmufawGukd BuD;
rvmatmif twif;xdef;uGyf
cs,f&DrIef;
uRefrrpOf;pm;rdwmuawmU csif;pum;ykH
av;wpfcyk g? MuufrwGevf Ydk rk;d rvif;? rde;f rawG
[m a,musfm;awGavmuf rpOf;pm;rqifjcifEkdif
Mubl;? olwkdYyg;pyf[vkduf&if aygufwwfu&
awGyJxGufvmw,f?? 'DvkdtawG;tac:rsKd;[m
pm&Gufay:rSma&;xm;wJU pnf;rsOf;Oya'awG
r[kwfygbl;?? . . . .
rsm; rzGHY NzKd;Ekdifatmif txdef;
tuGyf tcsKyftcs,f cHxm;&
avovm;/ twd w f r S m om
r[kwfygbl;/ 'Daeh 'Dcsdeftxd/
Ny;D cJw
U w
UJ pfEpS ?f ESpEf pS af vmufu
[m;cg;awGrsm;wJU mail group
u tD;arvfawGuv
dk nf; uRerf
zwfciG &Uf cJyU gw,f/ tJ'rD mS vnf;
zvrf;tzGu
YJ a,musm;f awGvdk
ygyJ trsKd;orD;awG&JY 0wfpm;ykH
ukd awmfawmfav; a0zefMuyg
w,f/ wjcm;csif;pum;okH;wJU
mail group awGtaMumif;awmU
rodayr,fh odyNf y;D awmU xl;jcm;
aevdrrYf ,fvUdk arSsmv
f ifrU xm;rd
yg/ tJ'v
D dk rde;f rawG&YJ 0wfpm;
qif,ifyaHk wGudk 0ifNy;D xde;f csKyf
csifwmu csif;awGyJr[kwfyg
bl; qkdwmukdvnf; rMumao;
cif u yJ od v k d u f & ygw,f /
uRerf &Jo
Y il ,fcsi;f ukad tmifu
arUpGrf;&nf (WCDI, Women
Can Do It) &JYzdwfpmukd email
eJh xyfqifYykdYvkdufvkdY olwkdY&JY
Oya'ykdif;qdkif&mESifY trsKd;orD;
rsm; tcGifYta&; a[majymyGJ
18
b,fvadk jymif;vJw;dk wufraI wG
&SdMuovJ qkdwmawGukd ajym
oGm;ygw,f/ xkaYd emuftNird ;f pm;
w&m;olBuD; a':wifwif&Du
trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; tMurf;zuf
rI qkid &f m umuG,af &;Oya'rsm;
eJU CEDAW taMumif;&Sif;
jyygw,f/ aemufq;Hk Oya'qkid f
&mtwkdifyifcH a':cifcifaru
jrefrmU"avUxkH;wrf; Oya'ESifU
jrefrmtrsK;d orD;rsm;taMumif;ukd
tm0ZÆe;f &Ti&f iT ef hJ a[majymoGm;
ygw,f/
tcsed rf &awmUvYdk pDpOfoal wGu
y&dowfqDu ar;cGef;okH;ckyJ
ar;cGijUf yKygw,f/ MuaG &muftm;
ay;MuwJ U a,musmf ; awG u
ckerdef;rawGyJ ajymoGm;wm?
ckawmUigwt
Ydk vSnyUf v
J Ydk atmuf
arU M uovm;awG ; rd y gw,f /
a,musmf ;ok;H a,mufu cyfjref
jrefav; xar;MuvYkdyg/ &Srf;
jynf atmifyef;NrKdYom;uawmU
ar;cGe;f rar;bJ request vkyyf g
w,f/ ynmwwfawGaygwJU
&efuek rf mS xuf awme,fbuf
w&m;Oya't& ta&;,lvkdY&
ygovm;wJY/ ,Ofaus;rIqkdvkdY
csi;f wuúov
dk rf sm;r*¾Zif;wpfcrk mS
awGzY ;l wJU umwGe;f wpfcu
k dk ajy;
owd & rd y gw,f / puwf w k d ?
uGJ0wfxm;wJU (xifygw,f?
aocsmrrSwfrdawmYyg) rdef;u
av;awGukdMunfUNyD;a,musfm;
wpfa,mufu igwkdYcsif;,Of
aus;rIawmU oGm;NyDqkdwJUykHpHeJh
ikdcsif;cswJUykHyg/ uRefr xifwm
uawmU tJ'DumwGef;q&mu
csi;f awGtaMumif; orkid ;f pmtkyf
awG rzwfz;l wmjzpfeidk yf gw,f/
wdwdusus qkd&ifawmU Rev.
Robert Johnson a&;xm;wJU
csif;awmifwef;rSm omoem
vmjyKoG m ;wJ U tar&d u ef
ESpfjcif;omoemjyK yk*¾dKvfrsm;
taMumif;pmtkyfyg/ uRefru
awmUuaH umif;vkiYd ,fy;D &JaU us;Zl;
aMumifUrESpfwkef;u Chin Future Seminar ukdwuf&if;eJh
tJ'pD mtkyu
f dk 0,fciG &Yf cJw
Y ,f/
xlxlBuD;ayr,fh BudK;pm;NyD;
zwfygw,f/ (rzwf&if ESajrm
p&mBuD;? aomif;*Pef;BuD;rsm;
awmif ay;&wm/) olpY mtkyrf mS
Rev. Johnson wjcm; omoem
jyKq&m? q&mrawG&JYrSwfwrf;
awGukdyg jyefxnfUay;xm;yg
w,f/
Laura Carson u yxrqkH;
[m;cg;ukdwuftvm olwkYd&JY
ypön;f awGuo
dk ,fay;wJU trsK;d
orD ; 0wf w J U p uwf [ m 18
vuf r yJ & S n f o wJ U / Dr. East
uawmU Siyin trsKd;orD;awG
[m puwfwadk v;awGudk tif
rwef ESpfoufMuw,fqkdyJ/
ol&Y pYJ um;vk;H twdtusuawmU
painfully short skirts aygUav/
olu tjrifrawmfvdYk yk&d n
S w
f m
ukdyJ 0wfapcsifygw,f/ olwkdY
&J Y a,musf m ;awG u vnf ;
axmufcHMuw,f/ 'gayr,fh
rdef;rawGuawmY wkdrSwkdbJ/
b&pfeDpyD;,m; puwfwkdwkd
av; twGif;cHrygbJ0wfwm
ygyg&ZDawGrv
d u
dk v
f Ydk tkwaf tmf
aomif;wif; jzpfoGm;wm wcsKdY
awG b,fvkd0wf&r,fqkdwm
ukad wmU tBurH ay;awmUyg/ vl
Mum;xJajymvkYd odyrf aumif;bl;/
tajymiftysufukd&yfNyD; av;
av;eufeuf ajym&r,fqkd&if
bmNzpfvkdY ,Ofaus;rIukd xdef;
odr;f zkt
Yd aMumif;jycsuef ahJ ,musmf ;
awGu rde;f rawG&0YJ wfpm; qif
,ifykHawGukd pGufzufxdef;csKyf
csifMuwmvJqkdwmukd uRefr
em;rvnfyg/ ,Ofaus;rIqw
dk m
rajymif;rvJ worwfwnf;
wnf&adS ewJt
U &mrS r[kww
f m/
tNrw
J rf;ajymif;vJaew,fav/
b,f o l u rS rxd e f ; csKyf E d k i f ?
r[efhwm;EkdifwJU acwfa&pD;
aMumif;eJhtwl txl;ojzifY
ajymif;vJrEI eI ;f tifrwefjrefwUJ
tifwmeufacwfrSm rdef;rawG
uolw&Ydk x
YJ bDawG? puwfawG
eJh b,fvkdvkyf ,Ofaus;rIukd
xdef;xm;EkdifrSmvJ/ a,musfm;
awG & J Y 'D a wmif ; qk d r I [ m
t"dyÜg,fvnf;r&Sdbl;? w&m;
rSswrIvnf; r&Sdbl;/
bmaMumifw
U csKaYd om a,musmf ;
awGu rdef;rawG&JY ukd,fykdif
qk;H jzwfcsujf zpfwUJ t0wftpm;
udpörSm 0ifa&muf pGufzufcsif
MuwmvJ/ taMumif;&if;cHu
bmvJ/ uRefrtjrifajym&&if
awmU trsKd;orD;rsm;ukd olwkdheJh
wef;wl vGwv
f yfwv
UJ o
l m;awG
tjzpftodtrSwrf jyKEidk ?f vuf
rcHekdif? av;pm;rIr&SdMuvkdYygyJ/
Oya'eJh trsKd;orD;awG&JY 0wf
qifykHukd xdef;csKyfcsifwJUwpf
a,muf u k d a':cif c if a ru
ajymjyygw,f/ uk,
d yf idk af &G;cs,f
qk;H jzwfcsucf sciG q
hf w
dk m vlawG
rajymeJh olYtdrfuacG;rav;
awmifrS olBuKd uw
f t
UJ azmfuydk J
ola&G;owJU/ t0wftpm;eJh
ywfoufNyD;? olr[mtdrfrSmqkd
&if ykNd y;D vGwv
f yfwUJ abmif;bD
wkad v;yJ0wfavU&adS yr,fh vlol
y&dowfa&SrY mS pum;ajym&r,fh
tcsdefMuawmU xbDeJh &ifzkH;eJh/
tr,f y0gav;awmifygvkduf
pmrsufESm(19)odkh
16 February 2013
csif;jynfuakd emufwpfacgufvmcsifao;w,f
]jynf c spf o m;c&D ; onf r sm;
wufMuyg? um;xGuaf wmhr,f}
uav;-zvrf; vlpD;oD;oefY
tjzpf t xl ; pD r H a jy;qG J a om
vdkif;um;rSpy,f,m\ c&D;
onf r sm;tay: xm;&d S a om
apwemES i f h o wd a y;oH j zpf y g
onf/ uRefawmfvnf; csif;
jynfe,fzvrf;NrdKYwGif usif;y
rnfh media seminar wGio
f if
wef;ydcYk s&ef zvrf;NrKd o
Y o
Ykd mG ;rnfh
jynfcspfom;vdkif;um;\ c&D;
onfwpfO;D jzpfygonf/uReaf wmf
wpfa,mufwnf;awmhr[kwyf g/
uReaf wmfEiS t
hf wl oifwef;ydcYk s
rnfh q&mwpfO;D ESiq
hf &mrESpOf ;D
pk p k a ygif ; av;OD ; tzG J Y jzpf y g
onf/ odkYESifhyif uRefawmfwdkY
av;OD;onf om,mvSyonfh
csif;jynfe,f? zvrf;NrdKYbuf
odkY c&D;ESifcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/
py,f&mrS owday;aeaom
aMumifh uReaf wmfwv
Ykd u
kd yf gomG ;
rnfU um;ay:odkYwufvmMuyg
onf/um;ay:ow
Ydk ufonft
h csed f
onf eHeuf 5;30em&Dcefhjzpf
aomaMumifh rdk;pifpifrvif;
ao;bJ tarSmifxt
k iftm;onf
tvGefyif aumif;aeqJjzpfyg
ao;onf/ odkYESifhyif um;ay:
rSmb,fob
l ,f0gvu
kd rf eS ;f rod
rjrifEdkifcJhyg/ pdwfxJrSmawmh
zvrf;NrdKYZmwdom;? zvrf;om;
qdkawmh todwpfa,mufESpf
a,mufp&dSrSmyg[k awG;qrdyg
onf/ xdt
k awG;ESiahf b;ywf0ef;
usiu
f kd avhvmcsirf ad omfvnf;
tarSmifxt
k iftm;aMumifh tod
wpfa,mufrS rawGYvdkufyg/
pdwfavQmhNyD; rdk;vif;onfUtcg
usrSyJ tod&dSr&dS&Smwmaygh[k
rdrdxdkifcHkay:wGif pdwful;,Of
um at;aq;pGm xdik cf svu
kd rf d
ygawmhonf/
tcsdefb,fa&GYb,frQ ukefrSef;
rodcJhyg/ em;Mum;vGJwmvnf;
r[kwyf g/ um;orm;\ vdu
I v
f JS
ysLiSmcsdKomaom pum;oHudk
Mum;&onf/]uRefawmfYum;rSm
vd k u f y gvmwJ h w&m;a[m
q&m^r wpfa,mufa,mufrS
qkawmif;ay;ygaemf}[k ajym
vdkufaomtoHu uRefawmhf
&ifxJodkY wdk;0ifvmum Munf
El;rItjynfU? razmfjyEdkifaom
ESvHk;om;xJrS yDwdjzmcHpm;rd&
ygonf/odkYESifhyif uRefawmfha&SY
xdik cf t
kH rSw2f wGix
f ikd af eaom
q&mawmfwpfyg;onf oGuf
oGufvufvufjzifh olYxkdifcHkrS
xum ]qkawmif;Mu&atmif}
[k q d k u m jynf c spf o m;ES i f h
zvrf;odkYvdkufygvmaom c&D;
onfrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf
qk a wmif ; ay;vd k u f y gonf /
pdwx
f w
J iG rf arYEikd yf g/um;&yfNy;D
qkawmif;jcif;trIjyKonfU a'o
onf wdkYwpfawG&JY csif;jynf
e,fc&D;ESifh csif;vlrsdK;rsm;om
r[k w f y gvm;[k Bud w f N yD ;
*kPf,l0rf;omrdygonf/
owd&p&myifr[kwaf ybl;vm;/
c&D;onfrsm;twGuf pdwfESvHk;
csrf ; ajrU a pvG e f ; vS y gonf /
csif;jynfonf omaypG[kyif
qdrk yd gonf/
ab;wpfcsufa0UMunfU
rdawmh’&Icif;omqdkonfh qdkif;
bkwu
f av;udk awGrY v
d u
kd o
f nf
ESihf aexGu&f mzufoYkd rsuEf mS rl
um uav;NrdKY\ om,mvSy
vGe;f aom &Icif;ud&k pI m;rdygonf/
&ifxJwGif azmfrjyEdkifavmuf
atmif aysmf&Tifrdygonf/ xdk
tcsed w
f iG f uReaf wmfEiS t
hf wlyg
vmonfo
U il ,fcsi;f xHrS ]q&m
wd&Yk cUJ si;f awmifuwu,fom,m
w,faemf}[k uRefawmfhudkzGifh
ajymvdkufavawmhonf/rSefyg
onf/ &Icif;omrS &Ipm;olwdkif;
oluJhodkYyif zGifhajymrdMurnfrSm
rkcs{uefyifjzpfygonf/wjznf;
jznf; awmifay:um;vrf;rBuD;
wdkif; armif;ESifwufvmMu
onft
h cgwiG f yd&k NI i;D zG,af umif;
vS a om csif ; awmif w ef ; \
aqmif;reufcif;tvSudk cHpm;
cG i f h & &d S v mygawmh o nf / csif ;
awmifwef;odYk wpfcgrrS a&muf
zl;ao;aom uRefawmfholi,f
csi;f oH;k a,mufw\
Ykd yg;pyfzsm;
wGif ][if [,f vSvu
kd w
f m}
qd k o nf h t mar!d w f o H y gonf U
toH? odu©mudkyifrxdef;EdkifbJ
tus,fBuD;zGifhajym csD;rGrf;Mu
ygavawmhonf/ jzpfoifhyg
onf? jzpfxu
kd yf gonf/trSeyf if
vSyaomt&mudk csD;rGrf;*kPf
azmfonfUtcg odu©mxdef;p&m
rvdyk g/ pdwx
f rJ mS &do
S nft
U wdik ;f ?
t&dSudkt&Sdtwdkif; zGifhajymjcif;
onf obm0usygonf/
tcsdefonfwjznf;
jznf; oGm;aeygonf/ uReaf wmf
wdkYvnf;csif;jynfe,fwGif;udk
wjznf;jznf;0ifa&mufaeygNyD/
vrf;c&D;wpfavQmuf awmif
Zvyf yGifhaeNyDwum;[k teD
a&mif & d S a om tyif w d k i f ; ud k
awmif Z vyf y ef ; txif j zif h
&Ipm;Munfh&Iaerdonfuvnf;
tarm/ odkYaomfrarmEdkifyg/
jrifcsiv
f o
S nfZh vyfeeD &D &J t
J yGihf
udk rarmwrf;&SmazGMunfrU ad eyg
onf/ b,favmufMumMum
&SmazGMunfrU ad omfvnf; awmif
Zvyfyef;udkrawGYrdyg/ odkYaomf
vnf; tvGeyf ifqaJG qmifr&I NSd y;D
pmrsufESm(18)rStquf
ao;/ (pum;ajymwkef; usus
oGm;vkYd jyefjyefaumufwif&wJU
'ku©ukd onf;nnf;cH&if;eJh)/
tJ'gu olr&JY ukd,fykdifcH,l
csufeJh qkH;jzwfcsuf/
a,musfm;wpfa,mufu
tarpk 0 wf x m;wm b,f
avmuf ,Ofaus;vSyodrfarGY
ovJ/ olv
Y ydk J jrefrmtrsK;d orD;
awGvu
dk 0f wfMuygvYdk wku
d w
f eG ;f
wmukdvnf; wpfae&m&mrSm
zwfz;l ygw,f/rSew
f mayg/U b,f
avmuf ,Ofaus;vSyodrfarGY
ovJ/uRerf awGzY ;l orQ ("mwfyHk
ajymwmyg)xJrmS qk&d ifa':atmif
qef ; pk M unf e J h uG , f v G e f o l
pma&;q&mr rav;vk H [ m
usuo
f a&t&Sq
d ;Hk jrefrmtrsK;d
orD;awGyg/ uRerf olwu
hdk dk odyf
oabmusayr,fv
h nf; olwv
Ydk dk
vku
d rf 0wfEidk yf gb;l / pdwu
f ;l xJ
awmifrxnfU&J/ olwdkY&JY tajc
taet& ESpfa,mufpvkH;[m
r[m&efuek Nf rK&Yd YJ &k;H wuf?&;Hk qif;
csdef bufpfum;wkd;pD;zl;Murnf
rxifyg/ qif;&J&Smol uRefrrSm
awmU b,favmufyJusyfusyf
py,f , mawG u aemuf r S m
tacsmifBuD; 0goemyg&ifabm
vkH;uefvkdYawmif&w,fqkdwJU
39 um;awGrSm aehwkdif; >ywf
odyMf uyfnyfx;dk xnfjU cif; cHae&
ygw,f/ tajctaet& uRerf
&JYa&G;cs,frIuawmU ]*sif;}/
uHaumif;axmufrvkdY bufpf
um;ay: xbDuRwfusolrsm;
wpfcgrSrawGYzl;yg/ ykqkd;uRwf
cgeD;av;awmU BuKHzl;ygw,f/
py,f , m&J Y trd e f h a wmf t &
um;r&yfcifxtoGm;rSm ol
atmfNy;D tultnDawmif;vku
d f
ygw,f/ ]rdef;ra& vkyfygOD;}
awmfao;wmayg?U olrY ed ;f rtqGJ
jrefayvk/Yd olv
Y ufxu
J txkyf
awGukdaNymwmyg/ wpfcgu
vnf; uRefrab;rSmxkdifwJU
a,musmf ;wpfa,muf txrSm
xkdifckHu oHacsmif;NidoGm;vkdY
ykq;dk topfav; Nyo
J mG ;zl;w,f/
uRefru *sif;0wfawmU ayguf
oG m ;NyJ o G m ;vnf ; pwk d i f b J ?
t&SufruGJbl;/ tJ'gu uRefr
tawG;/
xl;jcm;vSonfh jrifuiG ;f wpfcu
k kd
awmh pdwv
f yI &f mS ;pGmawGrY ad eNy/D
raeEdkifyg/um;rSefjywif;ayguf
udk taemufzufodkY tomu
av; wGef;zGifhrdonf/ oli,f
csif;\ycHk;udk vufESifhwdkhum
]MunfhvdkufygOD;. [dk;a&SYzufu
&Icif;Bu;D ud}k [k ajymvdu
k o
f nf
ESifh uRefawmhfoli,fcsif;onf
vn;f csuf c sif ; qd k o vd k y if
][m igMunfUaewmMumygNyD?
tm&Hyk suaf tmifrvkyef aYJ vuGm}
[k avmbygaom a'gopdwf
ESifh uRefawmhfudkjyefajymvdkuf
onfudkawmh Mum;rdvdkufao;
onf/ xdkjrifuGif;rSmawmif
wef;MuD;rsm;ay:wGif nDnm
ajzmifhjzL;um jzLazG;vSyaom
wdrfvGifjyifus,fMuD;yifjzpfyg
onf/ urmÇay:wGif xdkuJhodkY
aom wdrfvGifjyifBuD;r&dSyg/
&dScJvSygonf/ csif;jynfe,f
twGu&f ;kd tDaeNyjD zpfaomfvn;f
tjcm;urmÇay:wGif tvGefxl;
jcm;vSonfh wdrv
f iG jf yifBu;D ydik f
qdkifaom csif;jynfe,fygvm;/
tvG e f y if o m,m
vS y NyD ; xl ; jcm;vS a om csif ;
jynfe,f\ obm0&Icif;udk
&Ipm;&if; awmifay:&Gmav;
wpf&mG jzpfaom Ag;vH&k mG av;odYk
a&muf&dSvmygjyD/ a&mufaeMu
ae&mqdkayr,fh ra&mufwm
MumNyDrdkY a&mufcsifvSygonf/
odEYk iS yhf if Ag;vH&k mG udk 0if&if;ESihf
]csi;f csupf m;&atmif] [k qdik f
ra&mufcifrSmyif a<u;aMumf
aMunmESifhNyDav/ a&mufvm
onfESifh csif;csuf[if;rsdK;pHk?
*sDom;? 0ufom;? Muufom;ESifh
EGm;aemufom;rsm;udk Nrdefa&
&Sufa&tm;&yg;& qifETJav
awmh wwd,urÇmppfBu;D jzpf
cJh&ifawmif qufvufqifETJzdkY
qHk;jzwfcsuf cdkifrmpGmcsxm;NyD;
0d k i f ; wG , f v d k u f M uavonf /
t&omaumif;yHku ajym&HkESifh
rauseyfEikd /f aemufq;kH ]'g[m
vnf; csif;jynf&JY qGJaqmifrI
wpfckyg}[kyif todtrSwfjyK
avawmhonf/
c&D ; quf M uonf /
zvrf;NrdKYudk wjznf;jznf;csOf;
uyfvmonft
h cgwiG f vkrb
f ef;
awmifrS csif;jynf\tvSudk
wcPwmavmufai;rdonf/
xdkrSrPdyl&jrpfESifh jrpful;wH
wm;? Am&fpcef;wdkYrS wjznf;
jznf;csif;wufvmawmh csif;
vlrsdK;rsm;\ ordkif;0ifae&mjzpf
aom vdik v
f eG u
f jkd zwfausm&f if;
&Ipm;rdonf/pdwx
f w
J iG f csi;f bd;k
ab;rsm;taMumif;ESifh 4if;wdkY
touf&iS yf w
kH u
Ykd kd pdwu
f ;l ,OfykH
azmfum yHk&dyfwpfckudk a&;a&;
av;jrifa,mifrdonf/ opöm
&dSjcif;ESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;yHk&dyf
yifjzpfygonf/ ]zvrf;NrdKYrSBudK
qd k y g\} qd k o nf U q d k i f ; bk w f
uav;udk qvdkif;qGefusJtdk
rSww
f ikd af usmuf&&Sd mae&mrS jrif
awGYvdkufawmh ydkom,mvSy
vmrnfh csi;f awmif\tem*wf
tay: rSDcdkcsifrdaeygonf/
zvrf ; Nrd K Y a &muf
awmh csif ; vl r sd K ;rsm; Nrd K Y
wnfaqmufy?kH csi;f vlrsKd ;rsm;\
vlaerItqifhtwef;ESifh a&SY
tvm;tvmaumif ; rsm;ud k
avhvmrdygonf/ pdwfxJwGif
]auseyfw,fuGm? t&rf;udk
auseyfrdw,fuGm/ avqdyf
vnf;rMumcifpwifwnfaqmuf
awmhr,f/ zvrf;udke,fjcm;
qufo,
G f vrf;rBu;D awGvnf;
aygufawmhr,f/ csif;vlrsdK;rsm;
ydkzGHYNzdK;awmhr,f? ydkíydkí} [l
íyif/
tcsdefuvnf;ukef
rSe;f roduek v
f eG af vNy/D pdwx
f J
wGif tvdkvdkidkcsifaerdonf/
zvrf;NrdKYudk xm;cJh&awmhrnf/
trdajrudk wzefausmcdkif;&
awmhrnf/om,mvSyvGe;f onfU
csif ; awmif w ef ; BuD ; rsm;ES i f h
EI w f q uf v rf ; cJ G & awmh r nf /
b,f o l r id k b J a eEd k i f r S m vJ /
tvdkvdkESifhrsuf&nf0JvmygNyD/
rwwfEdkifyg/ csif;jynfudk rcspf
vdx
Yk m;cJo
h nfrrS [kwb
f /J tvkyf
oabmt& acwÅ c Pwm
aexdkif&m &efukefodkh Nyefvm
cJhygonf/
rsm;rMumrD ]csif;
jynfe,frES w
I cf eG ;f qufoyg\}
qdo
k nfq
U ikd ;f bkwu
f akd wGrY o
d nf/
tvdkvdkESifh0rf;enf;rdygonf/
a0;cJhNyDayghav/ xdkodkYawG;ae
csdefrSmyif uRefawmfESifhtwl
ygvmonfh q&mrwpfa,muf
u ]aMomf? csi;f jynf&,f "gwyf kH
xJu r[kwaf wmhb;l / AD',
D x
kd J
rSmvnf; r[kwb
f ;l ? ADp'D ?D 'DA'D D
oDcsif;acGrSmvnf; r[kwfbl;/
AD',
D zkd efom;jyifay:r&S pI m;cJo
h nfU
csif;jynf? ,ck uRefrudk,fwdkif
a&mufaeygNyD? aMomf om,m
vSyvdu
k w
f chJ si;f jynf&,f aemuf
wpfacguv
f mcsiyf gao;w,f}[k
ajymoHMum;vdkufawmh ,ck
uRefawmfonf csif;jynfESifh
ta0;wpfae&mudk a&mufae
NyDwum;[k jyefowd&rdaeyg
onf/ a,mifNy;D uReaf wmfvnf;
]csif;jynfudkaemufwpfacguf
a&mufcsiaf o;w,f} [ka&&Gwf
&if; . . . . ./
zGef[&efatG(auqrfyD)
tjyifrSm rw&m;wkdwJU
abmif;bD? puwfawG (Dr.
East &JY pum;vkH;ukd iSm;&&if
awmU painfully short aygaU v)
0wfwUJ rde;f uav;awGuadk wGrY d
wkid ;f rawG;vku
d b
f J raeEkid b
f ;l /
bmjzpfvo
Ydk w
l Ydk 'Dv0dk wf&ovJ/
olwu
hdk Mdk unfw
Y UJ a,musmf ;av;
awG&JU pdwfxJrSma&m b,fvkd
tawG;rsm;a&mufaervJ/ usr
em;vnfoavmufq&dk if olwYdk
'Dv0dk wfxm;wm[m a,musmf ;
awG&JY tm&kHukdzrf;pm;ekdifzkYd? qGJ
aqmifEidk zf /Ydk wcsKaYd ,musmf ;awG
uawmU oabmawGusrSmaygU/
wcsKdYusawmU rMunfUbJvnf;
raeEk d i f / pd w f x J u vnf ;
txifao;/ wpfzufrmS uRerf
awG;rdwmu rdef;uav;awG&JY
0wfpm;rI[m a,musfm;awG
awGcY sijf rifcsiw
f m&JY reflection
vnf; jzpfEkdifygw,f/ NyD;awmU
a,musf m ;awG u rd e f ; rawG
tay: rSm double standard
okH;w,fvkdh uRefrxifw,f/
olwdkY rsufvkH;awGu BuKduf
w,f? axmufcw
H ,f? 'gayr,fh
yg;pyfurkef;w,f? &Iwfcsw,f/
NyD;awmU tJ'D double standard
aMumifrU ed ;f uav;awG a0cGrJ &
'kua© &mufaeMuw,f/ aumif;
aumif;zkH;xm;zdxm;&ifvnf;
b,folrSrMunfUcsif? azmfxm;
jyef a wmU v nf ; t&I w f c scH /
rSefovm; rodbl;/
Equality vka
hd tmfatmfaeMuwJU
'DacwfBu;D rSm trsK;d orD;awGu
trsK;d om;awGehJ wef;wlvo
l m;
awGtjzpf todtrSwfjyKcHcsif
&ifawmU rde;f uav;awG rdrw
d hdk
&JaY ygiw
f aH wGomru OD;aESmuf
pGrf;&nfukdyg a,musfm;awGukd
jyzkYd vkyd gvrd rYf nf/ tJ'v
D v
dk u
dk f
vkyfr,fqkd&if wpfckBudKwif
owday;yg&ap/ vif&Ekdifacs
&mEIef;usoGm;Ekdifygw,f/ r,kH
&if prf;MunfUyg/ aocsmcsif&if
okawoevkyfMu/ a,musfm;
awGudk em;rvnfb;l vkYd pum;
yvÈifcHNyD; pa&;xm;wm/ tck
awmU a&;&if; awG;&if;? a&;&if;
pOf ; pm;&if ; eJ h em;vnf v m
ovkv
d /dk
cs,f&DrIef;
zGe[
f &efatG(auqrfy)D
19
Vol. 1, No.3
M-2 vd*fNydKifyGJtwGuf toifhjzpfaeonfh CUFC ESifh
olwdkh\yGJBudK&ifckefoHrsm;
qvk d i f ; yD w m
csif;wpfrsdK;om;vHk;udk udk,fpm;jyK&ef&nf&G,fcsufjzifh
ay:xu
G v
f mcJaU om abmvH;k uvyftoif;wpfoif;jzpfonhf Chin
United Football Club (CUFC) onf ,ref E S p f u
tm;enf;csurf sm;aMumifh MNL vd*Nf yKd iyf rJG S wef;qif;cJ&U aomfvnf;
,ck M-2 vd*fNydKifyGJudk taxGaxGBudKwifjyifqifrIrsm;ESifhtwl
vmrnfh (16)&ufaeh? azazmf0g&DvwGif arm&0wDtoif;ESifh
yGJOD;xGufupm;&rnfhyGJpOftwGuf tqifoifUjzpfaecJUNyDjzpfaMumif;
od & onf / xd k h j yif taumif ; qH k ; jyif q if r I r sm;ES i f h t wl
csif;abmvHk;y&dowfrsm;a&SYarSmufodkh wpfausmhjyef jyefvnf
a&muf&SdvmawmhrnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh y&dowfrsm;\tm;ay;rI
vufcyk o
f rH sm;onf csi;f ,lEu
kd w
f ufabmvH;k toif;twGuf t"du
tm;tifjzpfaprnfhtaMumif;rsm;udk csif;a0gvfrSwqifh azmfjy
ay;vd k u f y gonf / xd k h a emuf w m0ef & S d o l r sm;ud k CUFC
ESifhywfoufNyD; qufvufar;jref;cJhygonf/
a'gufwmvsefqdkif;(toif;ydkif&Sif)
ar;/ toif;pyGefqmtaeeJh 'DESpfrSm Company awGeJh pmcsKyf
csKyfxm;wmawG&Sdygovm;/
ajz/ AMC eJhnSdxm;wmawmh &Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh pmcsKyfawmh
rcsKyf&ao;ygbl;/
ar;/
CUFC udk abmvH;k tzGcYJ sKyu
f ae axmufyu
UH n
l w
D m
rsKd ;&Syd govm;? Ny;D awmU abmvH;k yGaJ wGrmS uGi;f 0ifaMu;awGuakd um
b,favmufaumufcHrvJqdkwm odcsifygw,f/
ajz/
abmvHk;tzGJYcsKyfuaeaxmufyHUulnDwmrsdK; r&Sdygbl;/
uGi;f 0ifaMu;udak wmh wpfa,mufu0kd ifaMu; (500)usyf aumufcH
oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
ar;/
CUFCy&dowfawGtwGuf o,f,lydkhaqmifa&;
twGufaum pDpOfay;zkdkh pOf;pm;xm;wm&Sdygovm;/
ajz/
&Syd gw,f? 'gayr,fh avmavmq,fuawmh arSmb
f rD mS yJ
xm;ay;EdkifOD;r,f/ txl;ojzifh rdbrJUuav;ausmif;awGrSmaygh/
usefwmusawmh uRefawmfwdkhrSmvnf; b@ma&; tcuftcJu
&Sdjyefawmh odyfrwwfEdkifbl;aygh/
ar;/
CUFC y&dowfawGuakd um bmrsm;ajymcsiyf gao;vJ/
ajz/
uRef a wmf w d k h u d k tm;ay;Muygvd k h ? uRef a wmf w d k h
'DESpftwef;jyefwufEdkifatmif BudK;pm;oGm;MurSmygvdkh/
OD;qef;0if;(enf;jycsKyf)
ar;/
Nyd K if y G J r pwif u mvrS m ajcprf ; yG J u pm;cJ U w mrsd K ;
&Syd govm;? Ny;D awmh yGOJ ;D xGu&f ifqikd &f rJU jr0wDtoif;eJyh wfoufvhkd
b,fvdkoHk;oyfygovJ/
ajz/
ajcprf ; yG J u pm;wmrsd K ;awmh r&S d y gbl ; / jr0wD e J h
upm;&r,fhyGJeJhywfoufvdkhawmh uRefawmfwdkhEdkifrSmyg/
ar;/
'DNydKifyGJrSm b,ftoif;awGu csif;,lEdkufwuf&JY
t"duNyKd ib
f ufawGjzpfvmr,fvhkd oH;k oyfygovJ/ bmaMumifv
h J
qdkwmav;yg ajymjyay;yg/
ajz/
t"duNydKifbuftaeeJhuawmh jr0wDyg?
bmvdkhvnf;qdkawmh olwdkhu cHppfOD;pm;ay;toif;jzpfvdkhyg/
ar;/
y&dowfawGtwGuf ajymcsifwJUpum;u/
ajz/
y&dowfawGaysmEf ikd zf t
hdk wGuf uReaf wmfwBhkd uKd ;pm;oGm;
rSmygvdkh/
atmifrsdK;oefh(toif;acgif;aqmif)
ar;/
jr0wDtoif;eJhyGJOD;xGufupm;&r,fh yGJtwGuf bmrsm;
ajymcsifygovJ/
ajz/
yGJOD;xGufrSm tEdkif&&Sdzdkh uRefawmfwdkh tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;
oGm;rSmyg/ jr0wDvnf; toif;aumif;wpfoif;yg/ 'gayr,fh
uRefawmfwdkh tEdkifupm;oGm;rSmyg/
ar;/
CUFC y&d o wf a wG t wG u f pum;av;wpf c G e f ;
avmufajymay;ygOD;/
ajz/
CUFC y&dowfBuD;taeeJh uRefawmfwdkhudk tm;ay;
ygOD;vdkh? uRefawmfwdkhtwef;jyefwufEdkifatmif BudK;pm;oGm;MurSm
ygvdkh/
1. 16-2-2013
Myanmar National League – 2 (2013)
CHIN UNITED FOOTBALL CLUB
Saturday Chin United FC VsMyawady FC
3:30
Padonmar
2. 22-2-2013
Friday
U – 19 FC VsChin United FC
3:30
Padonmar
3. 3-3-2013
Sunday
ChinUnitedFCVsMichelia FC
3:30
Padonmar
4. 8-3-2013
Friday
Best United FC Vs Chin United FC
3:30
Salin
5. 24-3-2013
Sunday
Chin United FC Vs GFA FC
3:30
Padonmar
6. 29-3-2013
Friday
Chin United FC Vs Horizon FC
3:30
Padonmar
7. 6-4-2013
Saturday Chin United FC VsMawyawadi FC
3:30
Padonmar
8. 21-4- 2013
Sunday
Chin United FC Vs Dagon FC
3:30
Salin
tajymif;ta&TY aps;uGuf
aemuf q H k ; owif ;
9. 26-4-2013
Friday
Horizon FC VsChin United FC
3:30
Padonmar
10. 3-5-2013
Friday
Chin United FCVs Best United FC
3:30
Padonmar
,ciftywf Chin World News Journal twGJ (1)?
trSwf (2) wGif awGYqHkar;jref; cJhaom csif;,lEdkuf wuf
toif;\ EdkifiHjcm;om; upm;orm; (3) OD;xJrS aemufwef;
upm;orm; jzpfaom Joseph Monu Dennis onf
vdkifab;&D; ,m;EdkifiH&Sd ol\ toif; a[mif;xHrS ITC (international Transfer Certificate) tcsdefrD r&&SdEdkif
jcif;aMumifh CUFC toif; ESihf vrf;cGcJ &hJ onf/ ol\ ae&mwGif
MNL Nyd K if y G J Southern Myanmar toif ; rS
Edkif*sD;&D;,m;upm; orm; Sunny Jackson tm; tpm;xdk;
jznfhqnf;cJh onf[k od&onf/
11. 12-5-2013
Sunday
Dagon FC VsChin United FC
3:30
Padonmar
12. 18-5-2013
Saturday Michelia FC VsChin United FC
3:30
Padonmar
13. 1-6-2013
Saturday Mawyawadi FC VsChin United FC
3:30
Padonmar
14. 9-6-2013
Sunday
GFA FC VsChin United FC
3:30
Padonmar
15. 14-6-2013
Friday
Chin United FC Vs U – 19 FC
3:30
Padonmar
16. 22-6-2013
Saturday Myawady FC VsChin United FC
3:30
Padonmar
17. 28-6-2013
Friday
3:30
Thuwana
20
Final
16 February 2013
]ac:El;rfokef;(c){&mrawmifBuD;}
ajrrsufESmjyif
csif;awmifwef;onf [dr0EÅmawmifwef;BuD;\
tqufjzpfí ajrmufzufpGef;wGif ywfuGdKifawmif? em*awmif?
csi;f awmif?&ckid ½f ;dk rawmifwef;[lí ]]em*&}}tiltxd qif;oGm;
avonf/þawmifwef;wGif jrefrmjynf\taemufzufwGif
wwd,tjrifhqkH;jzpfaom a'ocHcsKd;csif;wkdYtac: ]]ac:El;
rokef;}} (KHAW NU M’HTUNG)ac: ]]0dwkd&d,}} awmif&Sd\/
csKd;csif;wkdY\e,fajronf wu,fhtaemuf½kd;rawmifwef;BuD;
jzpfonf/ csK;d csi;f wk\
Yd e,fajronf wu,ft
h aemuf½;dk rawmif
wef;BuD;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm acsmif;tvQKdvQKd? ajrmiftxyf
xyf? cifwef;tzkHzkH? &*kHtqef;qef;wkdYjzifhNyD;\/ac:El;rokef;
awmifxdyfay:rSMunfhvkdufvQifft&yf&SpfrsufESmukd ai;rqkH;?
armfrqk;H awGUjrifEidk o
f nft
h jyif acsmif;Bu;D ? acsmif;i,f? awmif
wef;? awmifpG,frsm;tjyifajrjyefYvGifjyifwkdYukdvnf; ta&SUESifh
ta&SUawmifzufwiG af wGUjrifEidk o
f nf/ rif;wyfEiS hf uefyufvuf
NrdKUe,fwpfckvkH;ukd aumif;pGmpkd;rkd;jrifawGUEkdifvsuf&Sdayonf/
aemufcHorkdif;
e,fcsJUtpkd;&onf jrefrmEkdifiHukd ESpfaygif; 123
ESpw
f idk w
f idk t
f yk cf sKycf o
hJ nf[k qkv
d ifu
h pm;csK;d csi;f wkeYd ,fajray:okYd
a&muf&cdS MhJ uonfrmS ESpaf ygif;(58)ESpcf efo
Y m&Scd o
hJ nf/ ,if;wkYd
teuf csK;d csi;f wkeYd ,fajrtcsKUd okYd t*Fvyd v
f rl sK;d wk\
Yd tkycf sKyaf &;
pepfra&muf&SdcJhonfh e,fajrrsm;pGm&Sdonfhteuf þ ]]ac:El;
roke;f }} ac: ]]{&mrawmifBu;D }}\ taemufzufywf0ef;usirf sm;
onf,aeYxufwidk f vGwv
f yfonfeh ,fajrrsm;tjzpfwnf&adS eqJ
jzpfonf/ þa'oonf rif;wyfNrdKUe,f\ taemufbufESifh
taemufawmif? uefyufvufNrdKUe,f\ taemufbuf? rwlyD
NrKd Ue,f\ awmifbuf? yvuf0NrKd Ue,f\ ta&SUESihf ta&SUawmif
bufjzpfonf]h ]{&mrawmBu;D jrufrnf;}}jzpfNy;D awmqif½idk ;f rsm;?
ajymif? usm;BuD;rsm;? awm0ufponfhawm½kdif;wd&pämefwkdYESifh
jynfhESufvQuf&SdNyD; ,cifuqkdvQif BuHYrsm;yifvQifaexkdif
usufpm;cJhMuonf/
csKd;vlrsKd;rsm;
rif;wyfEiS u
hf efyufvufNrKd Ue,f&dS rsK;d EG,pf rk sm;ukd csK;d vl
rsK;d rsm; (K’CHO) [kac:onf/ þESpNf rKd Ue,fww
Ydk iG f t"dutm;
jzifh rsKd;EG,fpk(5)rsKd;&Sdonf/ rGif; (MÜN)? ruef; (M’KANG)?
i&(Ng’gah) ? tGyyf ;l (Üppü) ESihf 'dik (f DAI) vlrsKd ;wdjYk zpfMuonf/
tGyfyl; (Üppü) udk aESmufwl (Hnok Tu)[lívnf;aumif;
]]csif;yHk}} [lívnf;aumif; ac:a0:Muaomfvnf; rsdK;EG,fpk
wpfckwnf;omjzpfonf/ xdkenf;wl½dk;&m0wfpHkudk &ifESif;txd
om0wfqifNyD; acsmif;\ta&SUbufurf;wGif tajccsaexdkif
onfh vlrsKd ;udt
k a&SU&if;[lívnf;aumif; ½d;k &m0wfpu
kH &dk ifEiS ;f
txd0wfqifNyD; acsmif;\taemufbufurf;wGif tajccs
aexdkifonfh vlrsdK;udktaemuf&if;[lívnf;aumif; jrefrmpm
a&;q&mrsm;u rSm;,Gif;pGm ac:a0:orkwfcJhMuaomfvnf;
xdkvlrsdK;rsm;rSm 'dkif (DAI) rsdK;EG,fpkrsm;yifjzpfonf/
uefywfvufNrdKUe,fESihf 12 rdkif 3zmvHktuGmwGif
wnf&Sdaomayaygif; 10200 ayjrifhrm;onfh ac:El;rokef;
(Khaw Nu M’htung) ac: 0d w d k & d , awmif (Mt.Victoria)
wnf&NdS y;D ? a'ocsi;f tac:ta0:ukd jrefrmteuft"dygÜ ,f zGiq
hf dk
rnfqkdygu ]]{&mrawmifBuD;}} [kt"dyÜg,f&\/ ,if;udk vGefcJh
onfh 1975 ckESpfcefYü t"dyÜg,fvGJacsmfpGm ]]ewfrawmif}} [k
bmomjyefíorkwcf MhJ uonf/ csi;f jynfe,f\ tjrifq
h ;kH awmif
ac:El;rokef; (c) ]]{&mrawmifBuD;}} ywf0ef;usifonf awm
awmifxx
l yfNy;D urÇmay:wGi&f mS ;yg;onfh wd&pd mä efrsm;&So
d nf/
xdkYaMumifhEdkifiHawmftpdk;&u a&S;a[mif; tarGtESpfxdef;odrf;
onfhtm;jzifh ]]trsdK;om;O,smOf}} (National Park)tjzpfowf
rSwfxm;ayonf/ac:El;roef;ywf0ef;usifonf awmifxlxyf
onfhtm;avsmfpGmawmifwef;? awmifpG,f? awmifaMumwpf
avQmufwiG f tjcm;urÇma'owGirf &So
d nfh iSurf sKd ;pdww
f pfrsK;d ukd
&Sm;yg;pGmawGU&Sjd cif;? rsKd ;wGi;f rSiyk v
f QKd ;aeaom opfyifyef;refrsm;udk
urÇmh½ku©aA'ZmwfcHkay:wGif xGufay:apavonf/
tdE´d,jynfbk&ifr[kbGJUemr,lxm;aom NAdwdoQ
NAdwdoQwdkYonf csif;awmifudk jynfrESihf
uif;uGmap&ef vkyfaqmifvmMuonf? csif;awmif
c½dik uf efyufvufe,fukd yckuLú awmifwef; pD&ifptk jzpf
tkyfcsKyf&mrS uefyufvufNrdKUe,fydkif½Hk;udk zvrf;
ta&;ydkifvufatmuftjzpfodkY xm;vdkufavonf
bk&ifr\ ESpif g;q,fajrmufarG;aeYukd *kPjf yKaomtm;jzifh 1888
ckEpS ?f ZGev
f (23) &ufaeYwiG f ac:El;roke;f awmifBu;D udk 0dw&kd ,
d
(Mt. Victoria)awmif[kac:a0:orkwfcJhMuonf/ jrefrmjynf
atmuftpGe;f ydik ;f jzpfaom (0dw&kd ,
d til) ESihf twlwyl if trnf
emrwyfí *kPfjyKcJhMuonf/
tkyfcsKyfa&;tqifhqifh
awmifyikd ;f csi;f awmifEiS hf awmifa,me,fwu
Ykd kd 1898
ckESpftxd wpfe,fwnf;owfrSwfcJhMuonf/ oDaygrif;MoZmcH
jzpfaom xD;vif;? a,mNrdKU? aqmESifhavmif;&SnfwdkYwGif; NrdKUol
Bu;D rsm;ceft
Y yfí tkycf sKycf MhJ uonf/ 1887 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&Dv
aemuf q H k ; tywf w G i f yk * H t a&;yd k i f uyÜ w d e f (G.S.Eyre)
*st
D uf(pf)tJ,m;u a,me,fwpfcv
k ;kH udo
k rd ;f ydu
k cf o
hJ nf/ 1889
ckESpf? pufwifbmv (11)&ufaeYwGif a,me,fudk yckuúLc½dkif
atmufwiG f xnfo
h iG ;f cJo
h nf/ 1889 ckEpS f ESpq
f ;kH wGif rif;wyfrS
[Davmif; (rdkif 20) txd? usif;taemufzufwGif usifrS rdkif
50 rIe;f olEeI ;f (Hmung Htu Nung) txdord ;f ydu
k t
f yk cf sKycf o
hJ nf/
[Davmif;\wpfjcm;wpfzufESifh ac:El;rokef;taemufzufudk
rtkycf sKy&f ao;aom e,fajrtjzpfowfrw
S cf MhJ uonf/ odjYk zpfí
NAdwdoQwkdYonf awmifydkif;csif;awmiftkyfcsKyfa&;udk 1890
ckESpfrSom pwifEkdifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
NrdKUe,f½Hk;ESife,fydkif½Hk;rsm;
1890 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&DvwGif a,mNrKd Ue,fü c½dik ½f ;kH rsm;
zGiv
hf pS cf o
hJ nf/ 4if;udjk yefvnf½yk o
f rd ;f Ny;D a,mNrKd U\ajrmufbuf
(6) rdik t
f uGmwGi&f adS om ]]yqky}f }&GmwGizf iG v
hf pS cf o
hJ nf/ tvm;wl
1887 ckESpf? azazmf0g&DvwGifavmif;&SnfNrdKUü zGifhvSpfaom
NrKd Utky½f ;kH udk (10.9.1891) wGi½f yk o
f rd ;f vdu
k Nf y;D avmif;&Snrf S
½kyo
f rd ;f vdu
k af om NrKd Utky½f ;kH udk rif;wyfoaYkd jymif;a&TUzGiv
hf pS cf ahJ v
onf/ þodjYk zifh awmifyikd ;f csi;f awmifwiG f rif;wyfNrKd Uü NrKd Utky½f ;kH
udak &S;OD;pGmzGiv
hf pS cf jhJ cif;jzpfonf/ odjYk zpfí rwlyeD iS hf yvuf0wdrYk S
vGJí awmifydkif;csif;awmifwpfckvHk;onf yqkyfe,ftwGif;odkY
usa&mufomG ;cJ&h onf/ 1891 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&DvwGif a,mNrKd Ue,f
ydkif½Hk;zGifhí avmif;&SnfudkvufatmufcHtjzpf xm;&SdcJhonf/
rif;wyfEiS fh yckuLú vrf;yef;qufo,
G af &;onf rd;k &moDwiG cf ufcrJ I
&So
d jzifh 1902 ckEpS w
f iG f rif;wyfrS uefyufvufNrKd UodYk ajymif;a&TU
zGiv
hf pS v
f u
kd &f avonf/
awmifykdi;fcsif;awmifa'oudk awmifa,ma'oESifh
yl;wGt
J yk cf sKyjf cif;rS oD;jcm;xGuv
f suf yckuLú awmifwef;pD&ifp[
k k
1898 ckESpfwGif oD;jcm;zGJUpnf;ay;vkdufonf/ xdkYaemufyckuúL
awmifwef;pD&ifpu
k kd yckuLú c½dik rf cS x
JG w
k í
f rauG;rS wdu
k ½f u
kd t
f yk f
csKyfvmcJhonf/
NAdwdoQwdkY\ tkyfcsKyfa&;
NAw
d o
d Qwo
Ykd nf csi;f awmifukd jynfrESicfh jJG cm;tkycf sKyf
&ef vkyaf qmifvmMuonf/ csi;f awmifc½dik u
f efyufvufe,fukd
yckuLú awmifwef;pD&ifpt
k jzpf tkycf sKy&f mrS uefyufvufNrKd Ue,f
ydkif½Hk;udk zvrf;ta&;ydkifvufatmuftjzpfodkY xm;vdkufav
onf/ odEYk iS ahf wmifyikd ;f csi;f awmifEiS hf ajrmufyikd ;f csi;f awmifwu
Ykd kd
21
qvdkif;&Sdef;xGef;
1929 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv(1)&ufaeYwGif aygif;pnf;cJhav
onf/ wkdufolBuD;? acsmif;tkyfrsm;cefYtyfí ya'o&pfpepfjzifh
tkyfcsKyfvmcJhonf/
t*FvdyfwdkYonf þawmifykdif;csif;awmifa'oudk
tkycf sKycf o
hJ nfqakd omfvnf; a'ocHvrl sKd ;rsm;\ wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;rI
twGuf rnfonft
h &mudrk Q raqmif&u
G cf MhJ uay/ vGwv
f yfa&;
&&Sv
d monft
h cgwGiv
f nf; þa'oonf armifuse&f pfyifjzpfc&hJ
onf/ tkycf sKyaf &;tqifq
h ifEh iS hf acwftqufqufajymif;cJah omf
vnf;þac:El;roke;f (ac:){&mrawmifBu;D \ ywf0ef;usio
f nf
rnfonft
h pd;k &urS zGUH NzKd ;a&;vkyif e;fukd r,fr,f&& aqmif&u
G f
jcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif þa'orS EdkifiHawmftBuD;tuJrsm;udk
acwfumvtqufqufwikd af tmif arG;xkwaf y;cJo
h nfeh ,fajr
tjzpf ordkif;wGif txift&Sm;rSwfausmufwifum wnf&Sdav
onf/ rSeaf ompum;qdí
k om"ujy&rnfqv
kd Qif jrefrmhq&kd ,
S f
vpfvrf;pOfygwD (r.q.v)acwfwiG f uefywfvuf rJqE´e,frS
AdkvfrSL;BuD; qGefac:0kef; (pD&if;csif;) ESifh AdkvfrSL;BuD; cdkifrGef;rmef
(pD&if;csif;) wdkYonf þrJqE´e,frS EdkifiHawmftBuD;tuJrsm;
jzpfcMhJ u&aomfvnf; zGUH NzKd ;a&;qdik &f mudp&ö yfrsm;ESihf tcGit
hf a&;
qdik &f mudp&ö yfrsm;wdw
Yk iG f rodusKd ;uGsejf yKum vpfvsL½IcMhJ uonf/
xdkrQruao; armifusef&pfe,fajr\ ordkif;udk
jyefajymif;Munf&h r,fqv
kd Qif 1923 ckEpS u
f kd cseí
f r&ay/ tb,f
aMumifq
h akd omf armifuse&f pfe,fajrjzpf&jcif;\ taMumif;w&m;
onf ordik ;f wGif arhazsmufír&Edik af tmifyif rSwaf usmufwif
aecJh&jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/
1923 ckESpf? {NyDv? wyfwGif;qlylqE´jyrItp
1923 ckESpf? {NyDvwGif csif;trsdK;om;wdkYonf arNrdKU
th
th
4 / 70 ½dkifz,fwGif ppfrIxrf;Mu&onf/ wD;wdefNrdKUe,frS
qD;&if;csi;f ESihf urfa[mifcsi;f wdo
Yk nfvnf; xdw
k yfwiG yf if ppfrI
xrf;Mu&onf/ xdpk Ofu uefyufvufNrKd Ue,frS (rif;wyfNrKd Ue,f)
qlyDwmar*smuGefref;'gjzpfonfh tGrfomvdef;xef; (Om Hta
Ling Thang) onf csif;trsdK;om;rsm;xJwGif tqifhjrifhqHk;?
tBuD;qHk;&mxl;udk &&Sdydkifqdkifxm;olwpfOD;jzpfonf/ NAdwdoQ
t*Fvyd af cwfwiG f qlyw
D mar*sm eufueG rf ef;'ef;onf wdik ;f &if;
om;rsm;twGuf tjrifrh m;qH;k aom&mxl;jzpfonf/ xdo
k w
Ykd m0ef
xrf;aqmifMupOfwiG f NAw
d o
d QwrYkd S qD;&if;csi;f trsKd ;om;rsm;ESihf
urf;a[mifcsi;f trsKd ;om;rsm;wdt
Yk wGi;f &mxl;wd;k jri§ ahf y;aecsed f
jzpfonf/
xdkodkY NAdwdoQwdkYrS &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhay;aecsdeftwGif;
uHraumif;? taMumif;rvSpGm qD;&if;csif;trsdK;om;rsm;xJrS
wpfpw
kH pfO;D udrk Q &mxl;a&G;cs,f wd;k jri§ jhf cif;rjyKbJ urfa[mifcsi;f
trsKd ;om;rsm;xJro
S ma&G;cs,u
f m NAw
d o
d Qwu
Ykd &mxl;wd;k jri§ chf efY
tyfcJhonfudk taMumif;jyKí qD&if;csif;trsdK;om;tzGJUrS
rauseyfcJhMuay/ xkdYaMumifh 1923 ckESpf? {NyDvwpfreufwGif
qD&if;csi;f trsKd ;om;tzGUJ onf Fatigue vkyNf y;D tjyefwiG f rdrw
d \
Ykd
ae&if;wyfwiG ;f ta&muf qD&if;csi;f trsKd ;om;rsm;onf nHzh si;f
onfjzpfí &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;rcH&aMumif;? urfa[mifcsif;trsdK;
om;rsm;onf awmfíwwfí &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;cHMu&onf[k
qdu
k m remvd0k efwpkd w
d jf zifh wpfnw
D pfnw
G w
f nf;atmf[pfum
qE´jyMuavawmhonf/
xdktcsif;t&mudk rarQmfvifhbJ &ifqdkifBuHKawGUcJhMu
&onfh t*Fvyd w
f o
Ykd nf csi;f vlrsKd ;rsm; x<uykeu
f ef? olyek x
f Ny[
D k
qdkum csufcsif;qdkovdkyif ppfwef;vsm; (Barrack) wpfckvHk;udk
t*Fvdyfwyfu 0dkif;&Hxm;NyD; xdkpOfu qD&if;csif;trsdK;om;ESifh
urfa[mifcsif;trsdK;om;rsm;xJrS &mxl;tBuD;qHk;jzpfcJh&onfh
qlyw
D maomifZcdik Ef iS w
hf uG vufatmufi,fom;rsm;udk &mxl;cs
NyD; tm;vHk;udk vufeufzsufodrf; (Disarmed) jcif; cHMu&av
onf/
xdw
k yfwiG ;f qlyq
l E´jyrIwiG f awmifyikd ;f uefyufvuf
pmrsufESm(22)odkY
Vol. 1, No.3
'Drkdua&pD toGif
ul;ajymif;vmNyD jzpfwJhtwGuf
uRefaemfwkdYcsif;trsKd;om;wkdYrSm
vnf;ajr,mykid q
f idk rf t
I aMumif;
[mawmfawmfta&;Bu;D vmygNy/D
bkd;bGm;pOfquf tpOftvm
tm;jzifh ykdifqkdifvmrIukd EkdifiH
awmfzGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccH
Oya't& todtrSwfrjyKwJh
twG u f jyóemwuf v m
zG,fjzpfNyD; ajr,mykdifqkdifrI[m
csif;a'owGifomruyJ jrefrm
wjynfv;Hk &Sd wkid ;f &if;om;a'o
toD ; oD ; rS m Issue topf
jzpf v mzG , f & S d w J h t wG u f 'D
aqmif;yg;ukd wifjya&;om;jcif;
jzpfygw,f/
t*Fvdyfvufatmuf
rusa&mufrw
D pfumvywfv;Hk
csif;trsKd;om;wkdYusifhokH;cJhwJh
ajr,mykdifqkdifrI pepfukd rd&kd;
zvm ajr,mykdifqkdifrIvkdY ac:
wmjzpf y gw,f / a&T Y a jymif ;
awmif , muk d rS D c k d t m;xm;
touf&iS w
f hJ csi;f vlt
Y zGt
YJ pnf;
taejzifh rdom;pktvku
d f awmif
,muGufrsm;ukd ykdifqkdifcJhMuyg
w,f/ aus;&Gmwkdif;vkdvkd oD;
jcm; vGwfvyfwJh aus;&GmawG
jzpfwJhtwGuf aus;&Gm e,fed
rdwfxm;&SdNyD; woD;yk*¾v 'grS
r[kwf rdom;pktvku
d f ykid q
f idk f
xm;rIr&Sw
d hJ ajr,mrsm;ukv
d nf;
&yf&Gmtvkduf bkHykdifqkdifxm;
vSsuf&SdMuygw,f/
woD;yk*¾v(0g)rdom;pk
ykdifqkdifrI
awmwpfae&mukd yxrOD;qkH;
ckwx
f iG f &Si;f vif;umawmif,m
vkyfwJhvl(0g)rdom;pku ajr
uGuu
f ydk idk q
f idk af vh&MdS uygw,f/
'Dvadk jruGurf sK;d ukd rdom;pkxrJ mS
tarGqufcHr,fholr&SdawmhwJh
tcgrsKd;rSm wjcm;rdom;pkxJrS
yxrOD;qkH; ckwfxGif&Sif;vif;
olrS jyefvnfyidk q
f idk cf &hJ ygw,f/
tarGqufcHr,fh olr&Sdjcif;
qk&d mrSmvnf;rsK;d okO;f oGm;jcif;ESihf
tjcm;wpf & yf w pf a us;ok d Y
csif;trsKd;om;wkdY&JY rd½dk;zvmajr,mykdifqkdifrItufOya'
cGgeif;avaomif
ajymif;a&TYoGm;jcif;qkdNyD; ESpfrsKd;
ES p f p m; &S d y gw,f / wpf & yf
wpfaus; okYd ajymif;a&Tt
Y ajccs
oGm;wJv
h [
l m ola&mufwahJ e&m
rSmyJ ykid q
f idk f xm;avh&ydS gw,f/
taMumif; trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh
wpf&yfwpfaus; okYd ajymif;a&TcY hJ
&Ny;D ESpt
f wef MumrS jyefvnf
a&mufvmw,f qk&d ifawmh olY
rdom;pk ajruGuf ukd jyefvnf
yk d i f q k d i f a vh &S d M uygw,f /
ol w k d Y r &S d o nf h M um;umv
ckwx
f iG v
f yk u
f idk w
f o
hJ [
l m tJ'D
ajruGufukd ykdifqkdifvkdYr&yg/
&yf&Gm(0g) bkHykdifqkdifrI
awmawmifrsm;ukd emrnfoD;
jcm;pDowfrSwfum ESpftvkduf
tvSnfhus awmif,mpkdufysKd;
avh&SdMuwJh csif;vlYtzGJYtpnf;
rSm &Gmom;rsm; rnfolwpfOD;
wpfa,mufurS ckwfxGif &Sif;
vif;jcif;r&Sw
d hJ ajr,muGurf sm;
ukd bkHtvkduf ykdifqkdifxm;Mu
ygw,f/ ajymif;a&TYckwfxGif
&r,f h awmif , muG u f r sm;
twGuf &GmvkH;uGswf tpnf;
ta0;BuD; usif;yavh&SdMuyg
w,f/awmif,muGuw
f pfuu
G f
ukd ESpEf pS rf S ig;ESpt
f xd &yf&mG &JY
awmif,majr tus,ft0ef;
tay:rw
DS nfum ajymif;a&TaY vh
&S d M uygw,f / b,f a e&mrS m
b,folckwfrnfukd tJ'D&GmvkH;
uGswf tpnf;ta0;rSmyJq;Hk jzwf
avh&SdMuygw,f/ &Gmom;wkdif;
[m ckid v
f w
Hk hJ taMumif;jycsuf
r&Sb
d J ae&mopfudk BuKd uo
f vkd
ckwfxGifcGifhr&SdMuygbl;/ ol
ykdifqkdifwJh ajruGufu ajrqD
raumif;wJhtwGufyJjzpfjzpf?
rdom;pktwGurf vkaH vmufwm
yJjzpfjzpf taMumif;jyNyD;awmh
olBuKd uw
f ahJ e&mopfuadk vSsmuf
xm;avh&SdMuygw,f/ emrnf
pmrsufESm(21)rStquf
csi;f trsKd ;om;ESihf rif;wyfcsi;f trsKd ;om;wdo
Yk nf ryg0ifcMhJ uay/
,if;qlyrl aI emufyikd ;f &mxl;&mcH cscx
H m;&onfh qlyw
D maomif
Zcdkifonf csif;trsdK;om;rsm;txJwGif tqifhjrifhqHk;? &mxl;
tBuD;qHk;jzpfonfh tGrfomvdef;xef;xHwGif oGm;a&muftul
tnD awmif;cHcJhavonf/ wD;wdefcsif;apmifwpfxnfESifh
tmrD&rfwpfyv
k if;udk qlyw
D mar*smeuf uGerf ef;'ef;tGro
f mvde;f
xef;xH vufaqmifb@mtjzpf oGm;a&mufuefawmhNyD; ,ck
tjzpftysufonf t*FvdyfwdkYtm; qefYusifhtmcHjcif;r[kwf
aMumif;? qD;&if;ESihf urfa[mifwt
Ykd Mum; rauseyfrjI yóemom
jzpfaMumif;? odkYjzpfí tcsif;csif;tjcm;jyóemudk aqG;aEG;í
ajz&Sif;EdkifrnfjzpfaMumif;? t*FvdyfwdkYtay: rauseyfí
vkyfaqmifMujcif;r[kwfaMumif;udk qD;&if;? urfa[mifwdkY\
acgif;aqmifjzpfonfh qlyw
D maomifZcdik rf S tGro
f mvde;f xef;tm;
&Sif;jytultnDawmif;cHcJh&m tGrfomvdef;xef;onfvnf;
t*FvdyfwdkYxHodkY oGm;a&mufajymMum;ay;cJh&m t*FvdyfwdkYu
rif;wyf? uefyufvufawGvnf;ygvm;[kqdkum tGrfomvdef;
xef;ESihf vufatmufi,fom;wdu
Yk ykd g ta&;,lco
hJ jzifh uefyuf
vuf (rif;wyf) om;wdo
Yk nf rdrw
d \
Ykd txufvBl u;D ta&;,lcH
&onfukd 0rf;enf;aMuuGMJ uí ppfwyfrES w
I x
f u
G u
f m rdrad e&if;
odkY jyefvmcJhMu&onf/
xdktcsdefrSpí uefyufvuf(rif;wyf)zufrSvlrsm;
ppfwyfxJr0ifMuawmhojzifh tqufjywfcJhMu&NyD;? ppfwyfxJ
0ifa&muftrIxrf;cJMh uonfo
h rl sm;ESihf ¤if;wd\
Yk om;orD;rsm;om
wyf ac:qkdjcif; r&Sdaomfvnf;
aus;&GmaumifpDqkdwm a&S;a&S;
uwnf;u wnf&Sdxm;cJhMuyg
w,f/ wpf&GmESifhwpf&Gm ykHpH
trsKd;rsKd; uGJjym;Ekdifygw,f/
t"duvkyfaqmifcsufuawmh
&Gmom;rsm;&JY ajr,mykid q
f idk rf u
I dk
pepfwus uGufuJzkdYyJ jzpfyg
w,f/ awmif,mckwfr&wJh
awmawmif r sm;? b,f o l r S
rckwfxGif&ao;wJh ajruGuf
rsm;? &yf&GmBudK;0kdif;opfawm
rsm;ukd aumifpD&JYpDrHuGufuJrI
atmufrSm xm;cJhMuygw,f/
&Gmwkid ;f rSm rD;ab;tEå&m,fum
uG,zf t
Ydk wGuf &Gmywfywfvnf
rSm BudK;0kdif;opfawm xm;avh
&SdMuygw,f/
ajr,mtarGqufcHrI
ajr,mukd tarGqufcyH idk cf iG [
hf m
rsm;aomtm;jzifh om;axG;rsm;
rSm &Sdwwfygw,f/ rdom;pk0if
om;jzpfol taxG;qk;H u qufcH
ykdifqkdifjcif; jzpfygw,f/ om;
axG;rSm om;a,musmF ; rayguf
zGg;awmhygu om;BuD;rS ayguf
zGg;wJh om;OD;u tarGqufcH
wmu ykdrsm;ygw,f/ OyrmatESifhbDu arG;csif; nDaemif
jzpfcJh&if rdbawmif,muGuf
ukd bDuqufc&H ygw,f/ bDrmS
om;r&&S d a wmh y gu at&J h
om;OD;ubDykdifqkdifwJh rdbajr
uGufukd tarGqufcH&ygw,f/
wcsKcYd si;f vlt
Y zGt
YJ pnf;rSmawmh
uGJjym;rI&Sdwwfygw,f/ om;OD;
u tarGqufcHwmvJ &Sdwwf
ygw,f/
t*FvdyfwkdY tkyfcsKyfa&;umv
ajr,mykdifqkdifrI
t*FvdyfawG 0ifa&mufvmwJh
tcg awmawmiftvkduf ajr
,mykid q
f idk rf u
I jzpfvmygw,f/
tJ't
D cgajrcGeu
f v
dk nf;aumufcH
vmcJMh uygw,f/ wwfEidk o
f w
l Ydk
taejzifh t*Fvdyftpkd;&xH
ajr,mrsm;ukd rSwfykHwifxm;
NyD; ykdifqkdifvmMuygw,f/ tJ'D
olwyYdk idk q
f idk rf t
I wGi;f awmif,m
vkyfuGufrsm;tay: olwkdYu
tcGefjyefvnf aumufcHvmcJh
Mujcif ; jzpf y gw,f / tJ ' gu
ajr&Sifya'o&mZfpepf jzpfyg
w,f/ b,folrS rykdifqkdifwJh
awmawmif q k d w m wu,f
&Sm;yg;vmcJNh y;D &yf&mG BuKd ;0kid ;f ESihf
awmuwk;H awGrt
S y wpfawm
wpfawmifvkH; olrsm;ykdifqkdifrI
jzpfvmygawmhw,f/ xl;jcm;
wmu 'Dvkdawmvkduf awmif
vk d u f y k d i f q k d i f r I u rd o m;pk
toD;oD;&JY ajruGuyf idk q
f idk rf u
I dk
xdcu
kd jf cif;r&Scd yhJ g/ igah wmyJ rif;
vkyu
f u
G u
f dk igciG rhf jyKb;l qkw
d m
rsKd; rvkyfcJhMuyg/ tpOftvm
t& rdom;pkvkyfuGufrsm;&Jh
yk d i f q k d i f r I [ m t&if t wk d i f ;
qufvufomG ;aewmukd awG&Y
ygw,f/ ykv
d mwmu vkyu
f u
G f
(0g)ajruGu&f t
hJ cGeu
f dk awmykid f
&Siu
f adk y;&jcif;jzpfygw,f/tcGef
owfrSwfwmukdawmh awmykdif
&Sifu pdwfBudKufvkyfaeMuyg
w,f/wcsKdYuMuufwpfaumif
awmif ; aecsd e f r S m wcsKd Y u
0ufrwpfaumif awmif;avh
&SdMuygw,f/ awmykdif&Sif pdwf
xm;aumif;raumif; tay:rmS
rSDwnfygw,f/ awmawmif
wpfcu
k dk t*Fvyd x
f H rSwyf w
Hk if
wJhtcg EGm;aemufwpfaumif
uae awmus,f&if us,fo
avmuf EGm;aemuftaumif
rsm;rsm; ay;&ygw,f/ awm
ykdif&Sifuvnf; olay;vkdufwJh
EGm;aemuftaumifa& tay:
tajccHNy;D rdom;pk ajruGuaf wG
ukd tcGejf yefvnfpnf;Muyfavh
wdk;wufcJhMu&m wyfxJ0ifa&mufjcif;r&Sdawmhonfh rif;wyf?
uefyufvufom;wdo
Yk nf ppfrx
I rf;jcif;rS tqufjywfc&hJ ½Hrk u
wdk;wufrIbufwGifvnf; rsm;pGmaemufususef&pfum acwf
tqufqufqw
k ,
f w
k cf o
hJ nfukd ordik ;f rSww
f rf;rsm;t& awGUjrif
&ayonf/
xdkrQyifruao; t*FvdyfwdkYonf qlyDwmar*smeuf
uGerf ef;'ef; tGro
f mvde;f xef;tm; xdpk Ofut*Fvyd w
f u
Ykd rnforYkd Q
zrf;qD;ír&&Scd o
hJ nfh "g;jy*kP
d ;f wpf*P
dk ;f onf atmufjrefrmjynf
wGif Bu;D pd;k aeonfukd *dP
k ;f wpfcv
k ;kH udNk zKd ciG ;f í zrf;qD;Ny;D t*Fvyd f
wdkYxHtyfESHvQif rlv&mxl;jyefvnfay;tyfygrnf[laom uwd
jzifh qlyw
D mar*smeufueG rf ef;'ef;tGro
f mvde;f xef;udk wm0efay;
tyfcJhygonf/ tGrfomvdef;xef;onfvnf; rdrdawmifydkif;om;
wynfhtcsdKUudkac:í (2)ESpfwdkifwdkif xdkemrnfBuD;"g;jy*dkPf;udk
vdu
k v
f &H mS azGNy;D zrf;qD;um NAw
d o
d Qwv
Ykd ufwiG ;f odYk tyfEcHS o
hJ nf/
uwdrwnfonfh t*FvdyfESifh pD;,if;csif;*,uf
tGrfomvdef;xef;onf "g;jy*kdPf;udkNzdKcGif;í acgif;
aqmifudk t&Sifvwfvwfzrf;qD;um t*FvdyfwdkYtm; tyfESHcJh
aomfvnf; t*FvdyfwdkYonf uwdrwnfcJhMuay/ tGrfomvdef;
xef;tm; rlv&mxl;ukd jyefvnfay;tyfjcif;udkrjyKbJ uefyuf
vufo&Ykd mZ0wftyk &f mxl;b0jzifo
h mjyefycYkd MhJ uonf/ uwdrwnf
aom t*FvdyfvlrsdK;ESifh pD;,if;csif;trsdK;om;wdkY\ qlylqE´jyrI
aMumifh tdrfomvdef;xef;onf ]]a>rygvnf;qHk; om;vnf;qHk;}}
qdo
k vdk rdat;ESpcf gemcJ&h avonf/ xdrk Qyifruao; awmifyikd ;f ?
uefyufvuf (rif;wyf) wd\
Yk t"durwd;k wuf? rzGUH NzKd ;Mujcif;rSm
22
&SdMuygw,f/ wcsKdYcsif;vlYtzGJY
tpnf;awGrmS awmh awmawmif
tvkduf ykdif&SifrIqkdwm r&SdcJhyg
bl;/ &Gmom;awGu olwkdY ajr
uGurf sm;ukd wku
d &f u
dk f t*Fvyd f
tpkd;&xH rSwfykHwifwmvnf;
&Sdygw,f/ t*Fvdyftpkd;&u
xkwfay;wJh ajr,mykdifqkdifrI
rS w f w rf ; (0g)ajypmuk d a wmh
,aeY x d xd e f ; od r f ; wJ h v l u
&Srd nfrxifyg/ tpOftvmtm;
jzifh xkdajruGufukd b,folykdif
onfqkdwmawmh &yf&GmvlBuD;
awGu od&Sdavh&SdMuygw,f/
csif ; trsKd ; om;aeY r S ajr,m
ykdifqkdifrIukd jzwfodrf;jcif;
ajr&Sifya'o&mZfpepfukd csif;
trsKd;om;aeYvkdY owfrSwf&wJh
azazmf0g&Dv (20)rSm vlxk
pnf;a0;yGBJ u;D u zsuo
f rd ;f cJah y
r,fh ajr&Si(f 0g) awmykid &f iS af wG
ukd tpk;d &uxku
d w
f efwhJ avSsmf
aMu;(0g)epfemaMu; ray;cJhyg
bl;/ oufa&mufrItaejzifh
awmykdif&SifwkdY[m awmif,m
ajrykdif&SifwkdYxHrS tcGefaumuf
cHru
I dk &yfwefcY w
hJ t
hJ wGuf olwYdk
ukd,fwkdif[mvnf; tpkd;&ukd
tcGefray;Muawmhwmyg/ ao
csmwmu 'DaeYxd awmif,m
ajruGuyf idk q
f idk rf u
I adk omfvnf;
aumif;? &yf&Gm&JYbkHajr,m ykdif
qk d i f r I u k d a omf v nf ; aumif ;
&Gmom;rsm;u qufvuf usifh
okH;qJjzpfygw,f/ tpkd;&u
tJ'gudk todtrSwrf jyKwt
hJ cg
zGHYNzdK;a&; pDrHudef;awG csrSwfwJh
tcg avSsmaf Mu;udpu
ö jyóem
&Sdvmygw,f/ ajr&Sifa[mif;wkdY
twGuf odyjf yóemrjzpfawmh
ayr,fh tpOftvmt& bk;d bGm;
ajrykdifqkdifrIu jyóem awmf
awmf&Sdvmygw,f/
'Dvkdajr,mykdifqkdifrIu c&D;
aysmufaew,fq&dk if wdwv
d if;
vif ; &S i f ; vif ; ajz&S i f ; ay;rI
r&Sdbl;qkd&ifawmh uRefawmfwkdY
wkdif;jynf[m wpfenf;r[kwf
wpfenf;eJY jyóem ay:vmrSm
jzpfygw,f/ taumif;qkH;u
tpOftvmt& ajr,mykid q
f idk f
rIudk tpk;d &u todtrSwjf yKNy;D
ajr,mawGukd woD;yk*¾vykdif
ajr? bkyH idk af jr,mESihf Ekid if aH wmf
ykid f (0g) tpk;d &ykid q
f Ndk y;D aoao
csmcsm oJoJuGJuGJjzpfatmif
vkyzf v
Ydk t
dk yfygw,f/ rif;wkaYd jr
ukd odrf;vkdufygNyDvkdYyJ ajym
vk d u f w muawmh rw&m;rI
ouf o uf o mjzpf w ,f v k d Y
pma&;oluawmh cH,lygw,f/
Ny;D awmh pma&;oltaeeJY b,f
olwkdYuvlaumif; b,folwkdY
u vlqkd;vkdY cGJjcm;owfrSwf
wm r[kwfygbl;? b,folrqkd
aumif ; wJ h t csuf &S d o vk d
raumif;wJh tcsufvnf; &Sdyg
w,f/tm;vk;H uauseyfavmuf
wJh tajzwpfckawmh &Smoifh
w,fvkdh jrifygw,f/ NyD;awmh
ajr,mykdifqkdifrI[m wkdif;jynf
pD;yGg;a&; wnfaqmufrt
I wGuf
tajccHtusq;Hk ykid q
f idk rf v
I nf;
jzpfygw,f/ 'Dajr,mykdifqkdifrI
ryDjyifv&Ydk &dS ifwidk ;f jynf&YJ tajccH
pD;yGg;a&; taqmuftOD;[m
wk;d wufzt
Ydk wGuf rIe0f g;0g;om
jzpfaeygvdrfhrnf/
rSwfcsuf
csif;awmifukd t*FvdyfwkdY 0if
a&mufcsdefuwnf;u tkyfcsKyf
ume,fy,f cyfBu;D Bu;D ykid q
f idk f
vmMuNyjD zpfwhJ csi;f jynf ajrmuf
yk d i f ; u a'owcsKd Y t wG u f
'Dajr,mykdifqkdifrIu tusKH;
0if c sif r S 0 if r nf / csif ; jynf
twkid ;f twmeJY NcKiH H k azmfjyjcif;om
jzpfwt
hJ wGuf tao;pdwf rwl
uGjJ ym;rIav;awGtay: em;vnf
apvkyd gw,f/
cGgeif;avaomif
1923 ckESpf pD;,if;csif;trsdK;om;wdkY\ &mxl;wufrufrIrS
jzpfay:qifhyGm;vmonfh qlylqE´jyrIaMumifhyifjzpfonf/
þ 1923 ckEpS u
f pd u
ö kd rauseyfMuojzifh 1950 ckEiS hf
Emergency Chin ppfawGwi
G f jyóemay:aygufcNhJ y;D tcsi;f csi;f
aoewfEiS yhf pfMuonftxd jyóemay:aygufc&hJ onf/ txuf
ygtaMumif;t&if;rsm;aMumifh tcsi;f csi;f pnf;vH;k nDnw
G af &;udk
xdcdkufysufjym;aponfrSefaomfvnf; wpfzufESifhwpfzuf em;
vnfoabmaygufMuum nDnDnGwfnGwfaexdkifMuap&ef
&nf&G,fí þaqmif;yg;udk a&;om;vdkuf&jcif;jzpfonf/
rSDjirf;udk;um;
1/
OD;a*cG&D edS ;f \ rif;wyf? uefyufvuf (K’Cho) csi;f wdYk
\ rsKd ;EG,pf rk sm; okawoepmwrf;ESihf pmrlaqmif;yg;
rsm;
2/
½Hk;tkyfpma&;BuD; OD;zdk;oif;\ aeYpOfrSwfwrf;
(1898 - 1900) pm-2) 13^9^1898 ckEpS af Mumfjim
pmtrSwf 183 jzifhxkwfjyef
3/
History of the Chin Mission, Southern Chin State
by Rev. Marc Jordan P.I
4/
uefyufvufNrKd Ue,ftyk cf sKyaf &;ordik ;f
(1886 - 1948) armifbarmifr[m0dZmÆ (ordik ;f )bGUJ
twGuf rEÅav; 0dZÆmESifhodyÜHwuúodkvfwGif (1997
rwfv) wGif wifoGif;aomusrf;
&Sdef;xGef;
16 February 2013
a>rawmifowåKwl;azmfa&;pDrHudef; a'ocHjynfolrsm;pdk;&drfvsuf&Sd
owåKwGif;0efBuD;Xme\
w&m;0if owif ; xk w f j yef
aMunmjcif ; r&S d a o;aomf
vnf; rMumrDumvwGifwl;
azmf&ef tpDtpOf&Sdonf[k
owif;xGuf&Sdaeaom a>r
awmif zm;awmifowåKwl;
azmfa&;pDrHudef;udk teD;tem;
&Sd a'ocHjynfolrsm; pkd;&drf
vsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
4if;a>rawmif zm;awmifudk
yx0Dtaetxm;t& csif;
jynfe,fajrmufydkif; wD;wdef
jrdKhe,f avomawmifwef;
ta&Shbufjcrf;wGif wnf&SdjyD;
ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;eJY e,f
edrdwfqufvsuf&Sdonf/ a>r
awmifukd csi;f vdk Gullu Mual
[kac:Ny;D zm;awmifukd Uiphuk
Mual [k ac:qo
kd rkwMf uonf/
pDrHudef;aMumifh xdcdkufrnfh
aus;&Gmaygif; 16 &Gm&SdcJhNyD;
wD;wdeNf rKd eY ,frS 4 &Gm? wGe;f Zef
NrdKYe,frS 1 &GmeJY ppfudkif;wdkif;
a'oBuD;rS 11 jzpfaMumif;
od&&dS onf/
,if;&Gmrsm;rSm- wD;wdefNrdKYe,f
a':vGif (Dolluang) tkyfpkrS
pHwdkuf ac: zonuamzang,
wD ; wd e f N rd K Y e ,f Khiangzang
t k y f p k r S Taklam, Kimlai,
Henbot &Gmrsm;jzpfNyD; wGef;Zef
NrdKYe,frS ausmufcsuf aus;&Gm
yg0ifonf/ xdkhjyif ppfudkif;
wdkif;a'oBuD; uav;NrdKYe,f
ysOf;awmOD; tkyfpkrS ysOf;awm
OD;? csif;pk? ajrmufacsmawm?
anmifukef;? rif;vS? atmif&Gm
rsm;jzpf j yD ; eef ; usOf ; aqmif
tkyfpkrS jrpdrf;? jrvif;? eef;
usO;f aqmif&mG rsm;ESihf Muufzed yf
tkyfpkrS &SKcif;om&Gmrsm;yg0if
aMumif;od&Sd&ygonf/
]Ny;D cJw
Y ZhJ efe0g&v
D 2 &ufaeYu
Asia Guiding Star Company
u udk,fpm;vS,fawGvmNyD;
awmh rif;vS&mG rSm vlxek aYJ wGq
Y kH
yGJwpfckvkyfoGm;w,f/ tJ'DrSm
olwu
Ykd uReaf wmfwrYkd MumcifrmS
a>rawmifw;l azmfr,f? cifAsm;wdYk
a'ocH a wG t aeeJ Y bmrsm;
awmif;qdpk &m&Sv
d J ausmif;vm;?
aq;ay;cef;vm;? uwå&mvrf;
vm;qdNk y;D ar;oGm;w,f/ awmif;
qd k p &m&S d o rS s awmif ; qd k y g/
uReaf wmfwu
Ykd txufuvlBu;D
awGqD wifjyay;r,f pojzifh
ar;oGm;onf/ uRefawmfwdkYu
Pu Lian
awmh vufyawmif;jyóem?
jrpfqHkjyóemawG Mum;ae&
awmh bmudkrSrawmif;qdkbJ
udk,fha'orSm&SdwJh obm0ywf
0ef;usifqdkif&m ynm&Sifrsm;
t&yfbuftzGJYtpnf;rsm;eJhn§d
ESkdif;NyD;rSomvSsif awmif;qdkwm
jzpfjzpf wifjywmjzpfjzpfvkyf
oG m ;rnf } [k Zonuamsang
a'ocHwpfOD;rS ajymMum;oGm;
onf/
]2006-2009 xduifebdk
ukrÜPDuaeNyD;awmh tprf;
oabmeJv
Y mwl;zl;w,f/tJwek ;f
uawmh ppftpd;k &acwfqakd wmh
uRefawmfwdkhjynfolawGtaeeJY
bmrSajymydik cf iG ?hf vkyyf ikd cf iG hf r&Scd hJ
bl;/ awmfao;w,f olwdkYu
MumMumrwl;cJhvdkY? tck[mu
u
vmwl;r,fvdkhMum;xm;w,f/
olwu
Ykd w&kwu
f vdv
Yk nf;Mum;
w,f? w&kwfqdk uRefawmfwdkY
vufcHEdkifp&mtaMumif;vkH;0
r&Sdbl;/ wl;r,fqdkvJ t*Fvef?
*smreD? tar&duef? *syefpwJh
EdkifiHBuD;rsm;eJYqdk vufcHr,f/
w&kwfjyóemu jrefrmEdkifiH
wpfckvHk;rSmyJ? 'gudkuRefawmf
wdkYaumif;aumif;em;vnfxm;
NyD;om;yg/ Asia Guiding Star
u udk,fpm;vS,fawGvmwkef;
uawmh tvkyform; 15000
toHk;jyKr,f ajymoGm;w,f/
w&kwu
f ae tenf;qH;k 5000
ygvmr,fwJh/ wl;rSmuvnf;
ES p f a ygif ; trsm;BuD ; / vl ' D
avmufeJYqdk uRefawmfwdkYu
North Mining Company
w&kwu
f jym;awGjzpfuek rf mS ayg/h
uRefawmfwdkYa'ocHawGtae
eJYtvkyftudkif&&Sdr,fqdkwm
rSefayr,fh aemufqufwGJqdk;
usKd;awGu trsm;BuD; a&xk?
avxknpfnrf;r,f? obm0
ywf0ef;usix
f cd u
kd rf ,f ysupf ;D
r,f/ aemufNyD;awmh &&SdwJh
owåKawGvnf; olwdkYuyJ,l
oGm;rSm? uReaf wmfwt
Ykd wGuf ol
wdkh&JY pGefYypfypönf;awGyJ usef
awmhrmS ? tJ'gaMumifh uReaf wmf
wd'Yk v
D rkd sK;d zGYH NzKd ;a&;awGukd odyNf y;D
rvdkcsifygbl;/ tck olwdkYvkyf
vdkufwmuvnf; yGifhvif;jrif
omrI transperency r&Sdbl;/
Fair vJr&Sdbl;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf
w&kwq
f rkd aS wmh} [k ysO;f awm
OD ; a'ocH w pf O D ; u Chin
World odq
Yk uf vufajymMum;
oGm;onf/
2007 ckESpf ywf0ef;usifwGif
a>rawmif&Sd obm0wGif;xGuf
rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í avhvmrI
jyKvyk cf ahJ om Kingbao Mining
Ltd \ ppfwrf;wGif a>rawmif
&S d owå K &d k i f ; rsm;rS eD u ,f
owåK&ikd ;f 110 'or 57 oef;
wefEiS hf c&drk u
kd f (38100) wef
cefx
Y u
G &f EdS ikd af Mumif; azmfjyxm;
onf/ a>rawmifta&;ESihf ywf
oufa&GY wuf<uvSKyf&Sm;ol
ukdvsef;awGmifrS uRefawmfwkdY
a>rawmifem;rSm&Sw
d ahJ us;&GmawG
qDomG ;Ny;D a'ocHawGeYJ awGq
Y Hk
aqG;aEG;cJMh uw,f/ a'ocHawG
qDu t"duMum;odc&hJ wmawG
u 'DprD u
H ed ;f tay: a'ocHawG
u rBuKu
d Mf ubl;/ uGseaf wmfwYdk
u uk d , f h a 'ouxG u f w J Y
obm0oH,ZH mwawGuae&wJY
tusKd;tjrwf[m a'ocHawG
twGuf b,fvkdtusKd;&SdvJ
qkdwm a'ocHawGbmtusKd;
tjrwfawGcpH m;cGi&hf rdS vJqw
dk m
vma&muf&if;ES;D jrKyEf o
HS al wGu
yGifhyGifhvif;vif; csjywmr&Sd
ao;bl;/ a>rawmifeJYywfouf
Ny;D a'ocHawGtay:&if;ES;D jrKyEf HS
olawGu 'DxufruyGifhvif;
jrifomrI&Sdoifhonf[k csif;
a0gvo
f aYdk jymjyonf/ a>rawmif
ta&;ESifhywfoufNyD; wuf<u
vI y f & S m ;ol wpf O D ; jzpf a om
ukdxm;awGmifuvnf; vufyH
awmif;awmifvkd a>rawmif
jzpfrSmpkd;&drfw,f[k csif;a0gvf
okdYajymonf/
Pu Lian
Mopaw;vsEdkifiHwGifynmoiftcGifhtvrf;
Chin World
News Journal p m z w f
y&dwfowfrsm;twGuf
AusAID, Australia tpdk;&
rS csD;jr§ifhaom paumvm;&Spf
tpD tpOfwpfcktm; azmfjy
vdkufygonf/
Australia
Awards in Myanmar (Information for awards
commencing in 2014)
Mopaw;vstpdk;&\
AusAID rS pDpOfcs;D jri§ ahf om
2014 ckESpftwGif; Mopaw;
vsEdkifiHwGif ynmoifMum;cGifh
tm; jrefrmEdkifiHrS ausmif;om;
(40)OD;twGufvsmxm; owf
rSwfxm;onf/
avS s muf x m;vd k o l
onf jref r mEd k i f i H o m;ES i f h
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifol
jzpf&rnfjzpfNyD;? IELTS 5.0
odkYr[kwf TOEFL tm; 500
paper-based odkY 61 Internet
based &&S d o l jzpf & rnf j zpf
onf/ xdo
k Y k dIELTS odY k TOEFL
trSwfrsm; r&Sdygu {NyDv?
2013 ckESpfwGif Mopaw;vs
oH&Hk;wGif t*Fvdyfpmt&nf
tcsif;ppf pmar;yGJajzqdk&rnf
jzpfonf/
ynm&nfcGsefqk
twGuf Masters tqifhtm;
txl ; OD ; pm;ay;NyD ; Undergraduate twG u f v nf ;
tenf;i,faom ausmif;om;
rsm;twGuf tcGifhtvrf;&Sd
aMumif;od&onf/ avQmufvmT
rsm;tm; azazmf0g&v
D (1) &uf?
2013 ckESpfwGif pwifvufcH
aeNyDjzpfNyD; {NyDv (30)&uf?
2013 ESpftxd avSsmufxm;
Edkifrnfjzpfonf/
bmom&yfrsm;tae
jzifhvnf; Education, Health,
Agriculture, Food Security
ES i f h Governance wd k Y t m;
OD ; pm;ay;um paumvm;
&Spcf s;D jri§ o
hf nf/ xdjhk yif Disability, Gender Equity, Humanitarian Support, Disaster
Management, Development
Studies, Law, Public Policy
Chin World Debate u@twGuf pmrlzdwfac:jcif;
ESifh International Relations
rsm;tm;vnf; xnfo
h iG ;f pOf;pm;
onf[k od&onf/
pdwfyg0ifpm;olrsm;
taejzifh AusAID, Austra-
csi;f jynfe,fta&;pdw0f ifpm;olrsm; csi;f a0gv*f sme,fpmrsuEf mS ay:rmS ud,
k w
f ikd 0f ifa&mufaqG;aEG;
Edik rf ,fh u@opfwpfcu
k kd csi;f a0gv*f sme,ftrSwpf Of(4)rS pwifNy;D xnfo
h iG ;f oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
tJ'guawmh "Chin World Debate" qdkwJh u@yJjzpfygw,f/ yg0ifaqG;aEG;olrsm;taejzifh
Chin World u ay;xm;wJh acgif;pOf(tqdk)atmufrSm tH0ifatmif a&;om;&rSmjzpfNyD;
tqk d u d k a xmuf c H o l r sm;ES i f h qef h u sif u ef h u G u f o l r sm;xJ u taumif ; qH k ; axmuf c H o l E S i f h
taumif;qHk;qefhusifuefhuGufol wpfOD;pD\aqG;aEG;csufrsm;udk Chin World Journal rSm
trSwfpOftvdkufazmfjyNyD; xdkufwefaom pmrlcrsm;udkvnf; csD;NrSifhay;oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/
- Chin World Journal Vol. 1 No.4 twGuf ]csif;jynfe,frSm NGO awGrsm;rsm;
0ifvm&ifaumif;w,f^ raumif;bl;}
(aemufqHk;ay;ydkh&rnfh&uf azazmf0g&D(20)? 2013)
- Chin World Journal Vol. 1 No.5 twGuf ]csif;jynfe,frSm Tourism vkkyfydkifcGifh
tjynfht0ay;vdkufwm aumif;w,f^ raumif;bl;}
aemufqHk;ay;ydkh&rnfh&uf rwfv(5)? 2013/
- Chin World Journal Vol. 1 No.6 twGuf ]csif;jynfe,frSm&SdwJh wGif;xGufo,HZmwawGudk
xkwf,loHk;pGJwmaumif;w,f^ raumif;bl;}
aemufqHk;ay;ydkh&rnfh&uf rwfv(20)? 2013/
lian Embassy, Strand
Road, Kyauktada Township, Yangon, zkef;- (01)
251 Ä10 (212) od k Y
qufo,
G Ef ikd yf gonf/ xdt
Yk jyif
tifwmeufpmrsufESm http://
www.australiaawards.gov.au/
ES i f h http://www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/ wd k Y w G i f
vnf; oGm;a&muf avhvmEdkif
ygonf/
23
Chin World Media Office
No.4, Room 55, Hlaing Yadanar Housing,
Thanlan Bus-stop, Hlaing TSP, Yangon
Ph: 09 420013048, 09 47172133, 09
43163539,
09 401681014, 09 420185994
www.chinworld.info
www.facebook.com/chin-world
Vol. 1, No.3
qvkdif;rmef \jrefrmjynfaxmifpk0g'? jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;\aemufqHk;tajzpmtkyfrdwfqufyGJusif;y
2008 zGpYJ nf;yHt
k ajccH
Oya'onf jynfwGif;jyóem
tm;ajz&Sif;Ekdifonfht&mr[kwf
qdkonfU csif;trsdK;om; qvkdif;
rmef \jrefrmjynfaxmifpk0g'?
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;\aemufqHk;tajz
pmtkyfrdwfqufyGJudk &efukefNrdKY?
yk Z G e f a wmif N rd K Y e ,f ? owif ;
twwf ynmoifwef;ausmif;
wGif ,ckv 1 &ufaehnae 2
em&DwGif usif;ycJhonf/
4if;pmtkyfrdwfqufyGJodkU jynfolUacwf*sme,f? ukrkj'm
*sme,f? AD;eyfpf*sme,f? 'DADbD? rdk'ef*sme,fwdkhrS owif;rD'D,m
orm;rsm;ESifh tvGwfowif;axmufrsm;pkpkaygif; 20 OD;cefh wuf
a&mufcJhMuonf/ ,ckjrefrmjynfaxmifpk0g'? jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;
aemufq;kH tajzpmtkyo
f nf 'kw,
d tBurd af jrmufxw
k af 0jcif;jzpfNy;D
&opmtkyw
f u
kd rf w
S m0ef,jl zefcU sad eaMumif;od&onf/ ,cifxw
k af 0
onfhtkyfa&rSmwpfaxmifjzpfNyD; ,ck'kwd,tMudrfxkwfa0onfU
tkyfa&rSm 2000 xkwfa0jcif;jzpfonf/ yxrtBudrfxkwfa0rI\
pmtkyfrdwfqufyGJrsm;udk rEåav;? yckuúL? rHk&Gm? uav;? rauG;NrdKU
rsm;wGifusif;yjyKvkyfcJhNyD; ,ck'kwd,tMudrfxkwfa0rIü &efukefNrdKU
wGirf w
d q
f ufyJG jyKvyk jf cif;jzpfonf/pma&;olqvkid ;f rmefrS ] 2008
tajccHOya'[mjynfwGif;jyoemudkrajz&Sif;Edkifbl;/'DOya'xJurS
b,ftcsufjyif&ifESpfOD;ESpfzufb,fvkdydk tqifajyEdkifrvJqdkwJh
&nf&G,fcsufawGaMumifh 'Dpmtkyfa&;jzpfwmyg} [kajymonf/
,ckpmtkyfwGif zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhywfowfNyD;rnfonfU
tcsuu
f Okd ;D pm;ay;jyifqifoifah Mumif;azmfjyonfh awmif;qdrk I (4)
&yfawmif;qdkazmfjyxm;onf/awmif;qdkxm;onfhtcsufrsm;rSm
jynfe,fESifhwdkif;tm;cGJjcm;rIr&SdyJwajy;nDtrnfemrowfrSwfoifh
aMumif;? jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyftm;or®wrSwdkuf&dkufcefhtyfjcif;rsdK;
r[kwfyJoufqdkif&ma'ocHrsm;rS vGwfvyfpGmudk,fydkifa&G;cs,fcefh
tyfoifah Mumif;ESit
Uf pd;k &Xmersm;tm;vnf;A[d\
k csKyu
f ikd ñ
f eT Mf um;rIrsKd ;
csn;f r[kwb
f J jynfe,frsm;üXmersm;wd;k cscYJ aJG 0ay;Ny;D qH;k jzwfyikd cf iG hf
ay;jcif;rsdK; vkyfoifhNyDjzpfaMumif; wdkYyg0ifonf/ ,ckpmtkyfESifh
ywfowfNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH\ owif;twwfynm enf;jyq&m
OD;&JEkdifrdk;rS ]tckvkdpmtkyfxGufvmwm tvGefaumif;w,f?
pmtkyfxJrSmvlBuD;tcsdKYowdrxm;rdwmrsdK;awGawGY&w,f} [k
rSwfcsufjyKonf/pma&;q&mqvkdif;rmefonf 1990 csif;jynfe,f
\ tEkdif&ygwD csif;trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJYcsKyfOuú| qvkdif;&rf
vdefrIef;\'kwd,om;jzpfNyD; ,ckvuf&SdwGifvli,frsm;Mum; 'Drdk
ua&pDoifwef;rsm;? zuf'&,f0g'oif;wef;rsm; jyKvyk v
f su&f o
dS jl zpf
onf/
a>rawmifta&; uav;NrdKY&Sd csif;vlrItzGJYtpnf;rsm;awGYqHk
uav;NrdKY prf;NrdKY&yf
uGuf&Sd Youth Centre wGif
a>rawmifta&;ESiyhf wfoufNy;D
csif;vlrItzGJYtpnf;rsm;awGYqkH
aqG;aEG;yGJudk azazmf0g&Dv 11
&ufaeYwGifusif;ycJhonf/
awG Y q H k y G J w G i f Pu
Anok u OD;aqmifaqG;aEGG;NyD;
vufyHawmif;ta&;ESifh ywf
oufaom tjzpftysufrsm;
rQa0jcif;? EITI( Extractive
Industry Transparency Initiative Leading Authority)
\tcef;u@rsm; rQa0jcif;
rsm;jzifhpwifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf
a>rawmifta&;ESiyhf wfoufNy;D
wufMuv
G ykS &f mS ;olrsm;(wD;wde)f
rS OD;aqmifolwpfa,mufu
24
NyD;cJhonfUvSkyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk &Sif;
vif;wifjycJhjyD; wufa&muf
vmMuaom tzGJYtpnf;rsm;rS
vnf ; ol w d k Y \ tjrif r sm;ud k
aqG;aEG;wifjycJhMuonf/
a>rawmif a pmif U
MunfUa&;tzGJYwGif csif;vlrIa&;
tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ydkrdkNyD; udk,fpm;
jyKEdkif&efESifh udk,fhvlrsKd;udk,fh
a'ojyóemudk ud,
k w
f ikd yf g0if
vIy&f mS ;Ny;D wm0ef,al qmif&u
G f
Ed k i f & ef & nf & G , f N yD ; awG Y q k H y G J
usi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfw,f/ vIy&f mS ;
rI t rsm;yd k i f ; ud k Armtod k i f ;
t0dkif;eJY vkyfaqmifwmrsm;NyD;
ud,
k chf si;f awGtaeeJv
Y nf;yg0if
Edik &f ef&nf&,
G yf gw,f[k awGq
Y kH
yGJudk OD;aqmifol udkawGmifu
ajymMum;oGm;onf/
uav;NrKd &Y dS csi;f vlrI
a&;tzGt
YJ pnf;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
wufa&mufcNhJ y;D csi;f ausmif;om;
acgif;aqmifrsm;vnf; yg0if
wufa&mufcJhonf/ Bosco

Similar documents

Die BUCHSTAVIER - Das Dosierte Leben

Die BUCHSTAVIER - Das Dosierte Leben Bestandteil dieses Heftes sind. Jochen Kunzmann nahm die Einlassung in DDL 75 „Ausrechnen, welche Buchstabenfolge etwa die 612. IST oder welche zwei Buchstabenfolgen genau in der Mitte des Textes s...

More information