Fathers as perpetrators - Was sehen Sie Frau Lot
Transcription
Fathers as perpetrators - Was sehen Sie Frau Lot
Fathers as perpetrators Ties, book: Fathers as perpetrators Renate Bühn1998 Book of ties “Fathers as perpetrators” Ties, 3 books: Fathers as perpetrators, Kiss Daddy goodnight, Against our will Renate Bühn1998 In an early piece from 1998 Renate Bühn broaches the issue of the scandal of the individual and societal inaction. The “not wanting to know” as socially acceptable reality. In the three pieces ties are pasted with book pages on both sides. Readable are pieces of text like “absolutely normal fathers” or “childhood”. The ties are hanging from butcher hooks on a bar in a row, silent witnesses of societal conventions and neglects. For the three books of ties “Fathers as perpetrators “, “Kiss Daddy goodnight”, “Against our will” Renate Bühn used three of the first German-speaking books that were already published at the beginning of the 1980’s with expertise to this topic and still have validity today. Nowadays there are a variety of books concerning this matter. The artist says: “Today nobody can say they didn’t know… sexual violence isn’t a taboo anymore; taboo is the identity of the offender.” An empty book cover with the pages ripped out is hanging on the side and confronts us with the artists question: “ How is it possible, that 30 years of publicity and silence collapse, 30 years knowledge about the reasons and the extent of sexual violence against girls and boys […] 30 years (remain) without appropriate consequences for the conclusion that the enormity for the victims – points to the dimension of the perpetrators. Does the perception for the enormity of sexual and domestic violence stay unbearable?” Jede / jeder kennt Betroffene, jede / jeder kennt Täter. Sexuelle Gewalt ist kein Tabuthema mehr, Tabu ist die Identität der Täter. 2000 = 100 = 15 = 3 = 10 = 2 / Renate Bühn 1999 2000 Ties, House paint, Butcher’s hook, Verdicts 1994 – 2014 2000 = 100 = 15 = 3 = 10 = 2 2000 Ties, House paint, Butcher’s hook, Verdicts 1994 – 2014/ Steel frame 380 x 400 x 400 Installation about the dark figure of sexual offender/ on the basis of the analysis of 100 criminal cases relating to sexual crimes on children by the Institute of Forensic Psychiatry Berlin, Miss Dr. Renate Volbert, June 1993. Renate Bühn 1999 2000 pink ties hang like swords from a frame. Ties as a traditional attribute of the well groomed male – as a symbol of the daily threat, the hypocrisy and the covering up of the violence hiding behind it. Pink house paint sticks to the ties. Pink as a symbol of a dispossessed as well as an externally defined childhood. Stolen vibrancy, trust, unselfconsciousness, childhood. Underneath the ties lie 15 pages of verdicts speared by butcher’s hooks. These are verdicts from the past 20 years, divided into prosecution, verdicts and grounds. E.g.: Prosecution: The defendant is accused of abusing his step granddaughter since the age of 6. With her help the Public Attorney’s Office reconstructed 40 cases of sexual abuse between 1984 and 1989 that don’t fall under the statute of limitations. Half of them fulfilled the facts of a completed rape. Verdict: The defendant is found not guilty. Grounds: “The defendant denied all accusations during trial. He never carried out any sexual acts with his step granddaughter. After the results of the trial the plea of the defendant cannot be disproved with the necessary certainty for a conviction. After consideration of all the evidence the court isn’t able to eliminate the possibility that the acts of sexual abuse described by the witness have no real background for the given period.” District Court Munich 8. March 2002. “2000 = 100 = 15 = 3 = 10 = 2”, the installation and the title picks up the central topic of the protection of the perpetrators and our jurisdiction concerning sexual abuse. In the estimate of the dark figure of 1:20 only 100 out of 2.000 sexual perpetrators where threatened with criminal charges and only a few offenders have to expect imprisonment. According to an analysis of 100 criminal cases relating to sexual crimes on children by the Institute of Forensic Psychiatry in Berlin 1993 by Dr. Renate Volbert, 85 cases out of 100 reported crimes would not be put on record by the prosecution, only 15 cases were tried in a trial, out of these cases 3 offenders were released and 10 offenders got a suspended sentence, only 2 offenders were imprisoned without parole. Renate Bühn’s piece illustrates the shortcomings of the criminal prosecution for sexual violence. What kind of answers does our society have for the dark figure that has been known for centuries, how is the law administered and interpreted? Why do the sentences stay noticeably at the bottom of the legal possibilities? Sexual violence is not a taboo anymore – Taboo is the identity of the offenders. What do you see, Misses Lot? Maria Mathieu 2001 Installation, Fabric, Metal, CD, Speakers/ H 330 x W 400 x L 400 What do you see, Misses Lot? Installation, Fabric, Metal, CD, Speakers/ H 330 x W 400 x L 400 Maria Mathieu 2001 The piece of Maria Mathieu consists of red fabric banners, painted and scorched, hanging on a metal frame 400 x 400cm forming a closed room with the exception of a small entrance. In the middle of the room hangs an aluminum megaphone at height of the head. When visitors put their ear to the megaphone and listen, they can hear the poem: “Come Mama, tell me about the shame” by Maria Mathieu, played back via audiotape that is fixed at the megaphone. The poem is playing in an infinite loop but extremely quiet so that the visitors have to put their ear very close to the megaphone. The history to this piece: the Old Testament talks about Lot and his daughters. It is written about a mob that wanted to assault two men that were guests in the home of Lot. The right to hospitality was of high value at that time and in order to spare his guests, Lot offered his young daughters to the mob. “Lot went out to the men at the entrance, shut the door after him, and said: I beg you, my brothers, do not act so wickedly. Behold, I have two daughters who have not known any man. Let me bring them out to you, and do to them as you please. Only do nothing to these men, for they have come under the shelter of my roof. But they said: Stand back!” In this night god told Lot to leave the city with his family and to never turn back. God wanted to let the two cities Sodom and Gomorrah light up in flames. But Lot’s wife still turned around, because she wanted to see it. When doing so she froze to a pillar of salt as punishment. Lot went on alone with his daughter and walked to a secluded mountain area, against God’s wishes who wanted him to go the city of Zoar.” 30 Now Lot went up out of Zoar and lived in the hills with his two daughters, for he was afraid to live in Zoar. So he lived in a cave with his two daughters. 31 And the firstborn said to the younger: Our father is old, and there is not a man on earth to come in to us after the manner of all the earth. 32 Come, let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve offspring from our father. (3. Mose 18.7) 33 So they made their father drink wine that night. And the firstborn went in and lay with her father. He did not know when she lay down or when she arose.” According to the transcript the daughters raped their old father in order to fulfill their wish of an offspring. The two sons that were born to them would be the son and heir of the two tribes of the Moabites and Ammonites. The piece of art points to the absent mother, a mother, which froze and has no possibility to protect her daughters. Miss Lot Watercolours on a banner, H 170 x W 90 Maria Mathieu 2000 The drawing ‘Miss Lot’ stands for the “furious woman (Lot)”, the woman that is forced by God not to look. The one he prevents to talk about what happened to her daughters through the punishment of the Old Testament “the freezing”. No Title/ Detail Safety glass, Canvas, Fabric H 280 x W 80 x D 40 Heike Pich 2001 With this installation Heike Pich is directly referring to the topic of the destroyed childhood. This piece has no title. On a rack of thin metal bars hangs a panel of thick, black fabric, closing off the installation at the back and making for some kind of a backboard. In the middle of the room, that forms through the metal bars and the fabric, hangs a black and white photo of a child, the little girl is roughly three years old with a pleated skirt and a bandanna. It is standing alone on the lawn stretching out her left arm and points to something behind the camera. Through the illumination in the photo the shadows of the cracks in the glass show and it appears as if the little girl wants to poke through the glass with her finger. A little child behind glass. Safety glass cracked and destroyed. It should be falling, if it would not be held together by a nearly invisible foil. Only this foil makes the destruction visible. The apparent idyll, which this kind of children’s photos seem to present, is debunked as a lie. The protective glass is destroyed, the family idyll broken by violence and looking the other way. geHEIMnis secret Light projection in the libary in Hannover / Renate Bühn04/ 2005 geHEIMnis - secret Light projection Munich Oktober 2004 Renate Bühn Renate Bühn is constantly looking to make things visible in everyday life. Her light projection “Secret” makes for irritation in public areas like the entrance of the public library in Hannover or on pedestrian walkways in the middle of the city. People walk on their everyday paths, to work, to go shopping or to a nice casual date in a bar on top of it without noticing, they don’t pay attention, stumble, stand still, acknowledge, get curious or ask themselves about it, get left there irritated or touched by it. The metaphor of the safe and protecting home touches people in an uncomfortable way in “Secret”. Something isn’t right here. Irritation, unanswered questions, diffuse feelings are raised. Similar to the array of feelings that the affected girls and boys and their caregivers have. Do we want to get rid of this uncomfortable, diffuse feeling as soon as possible or start looking for answers? The shirts of the rapists white Renate Bühn Installation Kröpke-Uhr, Hannover 2005 four white shirts for men, printed german, english, french, spain The shirts of the rapists white Renate Bühn Work in progress six white shirts for men, printed German, English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian Like the tie the white shirt is a symbol of spotless male authority. The clean white shirts are printed in bright red and six languages at the back with a text of the artist: WHITE FACADES BEHIND WHITE CURTAINS AT WHITE FAMILY TABLECLOTH THE SHIRTS OF THE RAPISTS WHITE The artist broaches the issue of everyday occurrences and the extent of the acceptance (and with that the integration) of the offenders as an individual, structural and cultural component in patriarchal societies, worldwide. Furthermore the artist performs with the shirts in public spaces, presents the issue on the streets or at the Documenta and encourages the debate about it. o.T. / Renate Bühn Kassel 08/2002 Documenta II Breakfast with daddy / Detail Flies, Shellac, 2 Half Buns, 2 Breakfast Plates, Wooden Table, 2 Chairs H 74 x W 110 x D 74 Renate Bühn 1999 Breakfast with daddy Flies, Shellac, 2 Half Buns, 2 Breakfast Plates, Wooden Table, 2 Chairs/ H 74 x W 110 x D 74 Renate Bühn 1999 Paying close attention and visibility is an important aspect and impulse in the artistic work and acting of Renate Bühn. “Breakfast with daddy” from 1999 should point out the horror of sexualized violence in a quiet everyday situation. On two wooden breakfast plates lie two buns spread with honey. The honey is sprinkled with dead flies. In contrary to the title of this art piece and the pictures of a seemingly perfect world that appear in ones mind, the artist confronts the observer with the everyday life of the affected children, the life they have to cope with on a daily basis. What does it mean for a little girl, a little boy to live in a setting of sexual violence and to survive? How is it possible to sit at the table opposite the father and rapist having breakfast? What kind of psychological splitting, notfeeling, daily strength has a small child to must to be able to eat and to survive? Der Vergewaltiger lebt / Renate Bühn 1999 / Fliegen, Holz, Schellack auf Leinwand / 2 x B 36 x H 36 In der Arbeit „Der Vergewaltiger lebt“ greift Renate Bühn die Symbolik der Fliege wieder auf. Die Fliege, in der früheren Ikonographie auch als Sinnbild für Teufelswerkzeug verwendet, wird in ihren Arbeiten zu einem von Tätern kalkuliert eingesetzten Mittel, mit dem das Kind eingeschüchtert werden soll. Gleichzeitig stehen die Fliegen für den Ekel, den das Kind durch den sexuellen Missbrauch erlebt. Sie erscheinen hier in einer bedrohlichen Präsenz, überwuchern aber nur das Innere des Profils. Das Gesicht, welches der Silhouette eine Persönlichkeit geben würde, ist mit toten Fliegenleibern und Farbe bedeckt und dadurch nicht mehr zu erkennen. Es ist zwar eindeutig männlich, aber anonym, nicht mehr wieder zu erkennen, so wie betroffene Kinder den Vater_Täter nicht mehr zu erkennen meinen. My 10th Birthday Maria Mathieu 2001 Installation/ Wood, Canvas/ H 260 x W 300 x L 250 Maria Mathieu shows 2 large white canvases painted with a red rose pattern – 260 x 240cm – set up to resemble a room. A used Persian carpet, a roughly carpentered white children’s table and a child’s chair, used male loafers, used girl slippers, chocolate on the table round up the display. About this piece: Canvases and children’s furniture alongside the carpet seem to present a comfortable living room. The thing out of the ordinary is that everything is slanting, seems to collapse. The furniture has partly cut off legs, the walls tilt towards the center of the room. In the center the male loafers stand in front of the child’s chair, the girls slippers face astride in the opposite direction. They fell off the feet on either side of the chair. An opened and bitten off chocolate is lying on the table. The world of an affected girl/ boy is necessarily a misaligned one, one that turned unreal because the people that should keep her/ him safe twist her/ his natural feeling for right and wrong, they deprive her/ him of it by threat of punishment. Homage to Sonja R. I + II Maria Mathieu 2003 Netting of nylons on a frame and stone base each H 50 x W 140 x L 140 This piece of art consists of 3 frames, each 140 x 140cm. They each have been stringed with white, black/white or coloured netting of nylons, embroidered and interlaced. They lie on the ground, their head side boasted by underlying stones, which can resemble tomb slaps. This piece was only crafted after the 4th phase of the exhibition in Cologne, after the artist read an article in the morning paper about the murder of a prostitute. This woman was strangled with her own pantyhose after being raped. „Lavabo inter innocentes manus means - In Unschuld will ich meine Hände waschen“ 30 x 50 cm, ca. 4.000 Stecknadeln, Lavabo (Kelchtuch) auf Schaumstoff Renate Bühn 2014 „Lavabo inter innocentes manus means - In Unschuld will ich meine Hände waschen“ 30 x 50 cm, ca. 4.000 Stecknadeln, Lavabo (Kelchtuch) auf Schaumstoff Renate Bühn 2014 4.000 Stecknadeln stecken in einem weißen Lavabotuch, fügen sich zu einem lateinischen Gebet, das der Priester bei der Händewaschung in der außerordentlichen Form des Römischen Ritus spricht: Lavabo inter innocentes manus meas... („In Unschuld will ich meine Hände waschen“). Lavabo (von lat. lavare: waschen, also: „ich werde waschen“) bezeichnet den symbolischen Ritus der Händewaschung eines Priesters in der Heiligen Messe. Ein Ministrant gießt bei diesem Ritus etwas Wasser über die Finger des Zelebranten und fängt dieses mit dem Lavabotablett oder -becken auf. Ein zweiter Ministrant reicht ihm das Lavabotuch zum Abtrocknen der Hände. Weltweit verschafften sich in den letzten Jahren auch Missbrauchsopfer aus der katholischen Kirche und ihren Einrichtungen Gehör. Viele Übergriffe und Täter wurden öffentlich, die in den (Geheim)Archiven der katholischen Kirche, der Bistümer und des Vatikans bekannt waren und dokumentiert sind, jedoch lange geleugnet und verschleiert wurden. Heute sind viele Übergriffe, schwere Misshandlungen und Vergewaltigungen verjährt oder gar Akten und damit Beweise bereits vernichtet. Was geschieht mit diesem Wissen und den noch vorhandenen Dokumenten? Wie kann heute von der katholischen Kirche, den einzelnen Einrichtungen und Bistümern Verantwortung übernommen und gehandelt werden? Wie kann für die Opfer ein heilsames Umfeld geschaffen werden und wie können die Täter zur Verantwortung gezogen werden? Die künstlerische Arbeit befragt die eigene WAHRnehmung, das eigene Handeln, thematisiert den Mangel an alltäglicher Wahrnehmung und Handeln als weltweiter Bestandteil in allen gesellschaftlichen Strukturen. Jeder Übergriff, aber auch das eigene Nicht-wissen-wollen, Wegschauen, Leugnen, Vertuschen oder Bagatellisieren, sind Nadelstiche im Fleisch der Betroffenen, im Fleisch der Familie, der Kirche, der Gesellschaft. beichteundgebet 30 x 50 cm ca. 7.000 Stecknadeln, Lavabo (Kelchtuch) auf Schaumstoff Renate Bühn 2014 Inhaltliche Grundlage der Arbeit ist der Bericht zum Abschluss der Hotline der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz für Opfer sexuellen Missbrauchs vom März 2010 – Dez.2012 mit Telefon-, Internet und postalischem Beratungsangebot. 7.000 Stecknadeln formulieren ein Ergebnis aus dem „Tätigkeitsbericht der Hotline_Deskriptive Statistik zu den gemeldeten Delikten. noch immer – immer noch work in progress Calender Cards 2002-2014 Renate Bühn still and still and still work in progress, Calendar Cards 2001 – 2014 Doormat Renate Bühn The multiple to take, in a way that banks or other firms usually use for their year-round advertising, has on the calendar of 2013 the inscription: “still the 14 year old girl chokes on the dick of her father”. Renate Bühn started this piece of art in 2001. As a work-in-progress this piece takes on a different form at every exhibition site in alignment with the location and the little girl is continuously getting older since 2001. As a doormat or on the steps of a stair the cards of the calendar are placed in the entrance area of every exhibition site for the entire time as a reminder for every visitor of everyone’s own passing by, walking past it. Visitors can take the cards with them and carry them with them in their pocket. An everyday reminder, an everyday questionnaire about their own actions. The work of the artist points to the lack of everyday observations and actions. At the same time it illustrates what this means for the affected girls and boys. They are left alone for years in these situations that are hopeless for them with no way out. Caregivers, family, their close environment, school, the society still don’t them a chance to speak up and break free from it. Silence Cement sculpture/ H 33 x W 35 x D 15 Heike Pich 2001 The painful violation through breach of trust and domestic abuse often only result in one reaction: the inner silence. This piece of art by Heike Pich titled “Silence” shows a bust made of white cement (height 33cm, shoulder width 33cm), placed on a pillar of rusty metal. The facial expression seems absent and closed, the features appear feminine without it explicitly presenting a female person. The piece broaches the issue of the silence of entire generations throughout centuries and different cultures, the silence of parents and children, schools and churches, patients and doctors. Even boys experience brutal violence - to talk about it, to feel the pain, their manhood doesn’t allow it. They remain silent. I put on my mask Window, Window colour Heike Pich 2004 Heike Pich shows with this installation the attempt to establish normality, to pretend in spite of the violence. Window colour writing on a pane of glass : “I put on my mask pretend as if I put on my mask smile My nice little smile of a well looked after daughter” Instead of coloured funny pictures with window colours on the window of a child’s room, here the distress of the child is shown, not being allowed to talk about the experienced violence and having to pretend that everything is fine. Burring – Hurt – Socialization of the woman Cement sculpture 60 x 30 x 33, Stainless steel base 80 x 25 x 25, Glass, Lighting Heike Pich 2000 The sculpture of Heike Pich broaches the issue of the examination of ones own injuries and the demands of a social role that girls, women and mothers are exposed to. A sculpture made of dark grey cement. Placed on a base of stainless steel, height 80cm, diameter 25cm, the opening of the base is covered by a round pane of glass, overlapping the rim of the base. Within the base is a light source illuminating the sculpture from underneath. Through this light the rim of the glass is coloured green. The figure appears to be wrapped in rugged garments and is reminiscent to Misses Lot that froze to a pillar of salt. The Rugged and Harsh as an allegory for the safeguard of the soul against assault and violence. But in the upper (head) area the sculpture is molded smoothly, resembling the hope of healing or metamorphosis, the upwardly stretched out posture also expresses hope, hope for change and living instead of surviving. Lullaby Maria Mathieu 2001 Installation/ Wood, Embroidery, Fabric/ H 200 x L 135 A self built bed of white glazed wood – 120 x 70 cm + 90cm thin wooden legs. In it lies a white blanket, embroidered with red yarn, spelling out the lyrics of the German children’s song “Guten Abend, Gute Nacht” (Brahm’s lullaby). In the last verse the artist exchanged the word God for him (the father): Guten Abend, gute Nacht, mit Rosen bedacht. Mit Näglein besteckt, schlüpf unter die Deck’. Morgen früh, wenn er will, wirst du wieder geweckt. The display shows a piece of furniture in between a child’s bed and a child’s coffin. Within the room, which resembles the most intimate and safe place in a child’s life, the bedroom, the bed, often the most brutal assaults happen. Silence is deadly Rocking horse, motor, wooden fence, 2 chairs, mirror / Renate Bühn 2001 Silence is deadly Rocking horse, motor, wooden fence, 2 chairs, mirror Renate Bühn2001 The title refers to the saying: “Speaking is silver, silence is gold”. You see a pink rocking horse, substitutional for being a child: climbing on it, trying it, rocking, finding ones own rhythm, rocking oneself … it’s moving mechanically powered much too fast and rough back and forth – a strange rhythm. The sound of the motor is monotonously – something isn’t right here.In the background two pink chairs with golden covers, representative of the spectators, the familial and societal complicity. The artist confronts the observers with their own responsibility not to deny, to speak up and to take action, to look closely and to notice. “Everyone knows persons concerned, everyone knows perpetrators”, states the artist, what so many don’t want to accept in their everyday life. Tatjana born 09.11.1972 died 01.11.1992 overdose Hildegard born 13.11.1952 died 06.02.1994 heart failure Christina born 12.09.1968 died 24.04.1994 she jumped to her death Lotta born 03.10.1985 died 21.08.1994 raped and choked to death Elke born 18.08.1958 died 15.03.1996 overdose Rebecca born 08.11.1976 died 11.05.2003 she took pills Kay born 22.01.1976 died 20.09.2001 she took pills Floh born 27.03.1977 died 19.07.2007 self-determined via insulin overdose Tatjana, Hildegard, Lotta, Christina, Elke, Kai, Rebecca, Floh work in progress 1997 – 2013 8 light boxes each 21 x 30 x 14,5 In memoriam Renate Bühn The light installation with eight light boxes at the moment shines for women and girls whose murder via sexual violence is mostly not obvious. The light boxes are representing the many girls and women that didn’t survive their assault. Sexual violence is a crime, it breaks trust, it breaks protection, flow of life and reason of life, destroys childhood, kills. The killers live, live on mostly unoffended: fathers, step- and grandfathers, brothers. They are tagged with names, cause of death, date of birth and death and create a space and an expression to the remembrance, not to forget their life stories. Anyone who wants to commemorate a girl, a woman that died or dedicate a light box to the remembrance, can broaden the recollection. Tatjana, Hildegard and Christina are three women that the artist knew personally. Renate Bühn started with these three light boxes in 1997, five more where added since then. Elke was dedicated by her friend Frauke Mahr, Rebecca by the girls shelter Cologne – Kay by the girls shelter Bremen. The parents Barbara Heitzer and Andreas Promitzer commemorate the murder of their daughter Lotta Heitzer with another light box. Since 2010 her mother Tina Reuther with her life partner Isabelle Feix, the lesbian partnerr Johanna D.of Floh with their child Milo and her friend Anja S. remind us of Floh. Sleep, father, sleep Steel, wood 430 x 35 x 35 / lime rock, feather pillows 25 x 80 x 80 Renate Bühn 2003 A knife over four meters long hangs close to an anatomically formed heart carved from stone. The heart is placed on a pillow, the blade of the knife is welded from steel, the handle made of lightwood. Who is the knife pointed at? This piece is a metaphor for the persons concerned. They broke the silence, demand social changes for centuries and took a leading role in building outreach centres and setting up support programs. The offenders cannot feel safe anymore. No Title Puzzle, edited photograph / 40 x 30 Renate Bühn2012 A puzzle lies on the table. The visitors can put the pieces together without the original pattern at hand. Which picture, which story is developing with each new piece? What do you see? I will never know Renate Bühn Work in progress / wooden bed, mattress w120 x d200 x h40, fabric, paper, nightstand In individual pieces – like this one – the active participation of the persons concerned is important to Renate Bühn. As the victims write down their stories, an additional aspect of remembrance and visibility is created. The pillowcase is filled with the texts of the artist “I will never know, who I could have been, before”. Beside the bed is a locked nightstand. Here the persons concerned can drop their own texts and memories anonymously. The nightstand is emptied daily and the texts are carefully wrapped in the delicate blanket. Furthermore the texts are made visible via Internet and can also be added via email. This way the see through tulle-blanket is filled bit by bit with poems, memories and texts of the victims and attain visibility. How many pearls does luck have Oil on canvas 80 x 75 Renate Bühn 2010 “How many pearls does luck have” shows an approximately ten-year-old girl by herself and sitting at the table absorbed in what she is doing. She is threading white pearls on a necklace. The eye of the observer is lead from the string of pearls that seem to be falling out of the picture in the foreground to the girl. The seemingly peaceful picture of an intact children’s world is disturbed and challenged by an overflowing ashtray that is placed on the table at the edge of the picture. The picture, held in muted colours, broaches the issue of the loneliness of children that have to grow up in an environment shaped by violence. In order to survive the girls and boys create their own strategies, create inner and outer free spaces for themselves, collect and guard positive, life-affirming experiences like little treasures: pearls of luck.